Primer for Using GeoMapper/PenMap5.10d

Primer for Using GeoMapper/PenMap5.10d
George Brimhall
Department of Earth and Planetary Science and
Department of Material Science
University of California, Berkeley 94720-4767
email: [email protected]
@
y
Bechtel
2008
Contents
What is digital mapping?
Maintenance and care of the equipment
Pen tablet slate PCs
Display settings
Flash PCMCIA card GPS units
Calibrate pen stylus (important for left handed people)
GPS accuracy variation
Sky position of geostationary GPS satellites
GPS Dilution of precision and diurnal variation
GPS Setup
Which COM port?
C
Communication
i ti portt assigned,
i d settings,
tti
bbaud
d rate,
t NMEA
Reference ellipsoid & projection type, UTM zone
GPS ON
GPS modes for mapping
Setting up new Project areas and mapping Legends
Customizing buttons
3
4
5
7
8
8
9
10
13
18
19
21
23
24
29
31
1
Outline Continued (2)
Load Legend and automatic symbol rotation eg strike
and dip
Loading Digital base maps
Georeferencing base maps the same as the GPS settings
4 types of base maps
Vector map set up
Raster map set up
DRG (digital raster graphics) set up
Shape file set up
Hiding selective map layers (Options Base button)
Opening a map file
N i map fil
Naming
files
Mapping
Start Mapping
StartGeo tool bar
Editing buttons
Tool bars: Lithology, Structure, Formations
37
40
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
50
50
50
52
53
54
55
Outline Continued (3)
Select base maps
Hide unwanted map layers
Lithology Tool bar and common structural buttons
Opening a prepared base map
Zooming to change map scale
Panning to move the map frame
Lithology tool bar
Mapping outcrops as closed polygons
Mapping a contact between formations
Mapping a fault
Infilling Formation colors
Pl tti a St
Plotting
Strike
ik andd Dip
Di symbol
b l
Recording a rock sample
Plotting an oil seep
Putting text on the map
Linking Photographs to map locations
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
67
67
68
74
78
81
82
83
2
Outline Continued (4)
Setting the AutoSave clock
Saving map
Review
Mineralization tool bar
Alteration tool bar
Entering text
All sample types (rock, soil, water, oil seep, photo
Returning to Start Geo
Entering old data from hand-held GPS units
Turning on auto Save
Printing maps
E
Exporting
ti map files
fil
Permanent stations
Editing mapping data
Editing existing map Legend Formations & Lithologies
Deleting unwanted Project Legends
85
86
89
92
93
98
99
100
101
110
111
115
122
123
128
138
Eliminating the “divide by zero” message
Installing & removing device drivers for card GPS units
Explanation of WAAS system
SiRFstar III GPS chip set
Changing symbol sizes
Determining GPS accuracy sand Precision
Locating NGS permanent stations
Changing line widths
Printing Maps
140
143
145
149
150
153
154
159
163
3
What is Digital Mapping ?
Conducting mapping with digital electronics and
information technology (IT) tools:
(pen tablet portable PC’s, GPS, and digital base maps)
GeoMapper is the data capture or mapping “front end”
Visual User Interface to the PenMap 3-D GIS system
A good place to start is with the maintenance
of the system: Charging of tablet PC and Li-ion
batteries- in a secure place
A mapping vest is an excellent field tool to protect
the system outdoors as the tablet can be conveniently
carried in an inside pocket of a vest thus providing
both convenience and protection for the pen tablet
leaving both hands free while meeting ANSI visibility
standards
4
PCMCIA
Flash Card
DGPS
An external GPS antenna on the shoulder of
A vest keeps a more continuous GPS fix
even when the tablet is placed in the
inside vest pocket for walking.
Calibrate the
pen (key for
left handed
mappers)
Start to
Control
Panel to
Tablet and
Pen Settings
Then click
Right or Left
Handed
Calibrate pen
by touching in succession the 4
markers
Slate Pen Tablet PC’s
Running Windows XP
5
Turn brightness to zero when outdoors- extend
battery life and use only solar power
Turn sounds off to extend battery life
Turn LCD brightness to Min to extend
battery life and Max when indoors
http://www.usglobalsat.com/item.asp?itemid=85
US Globalsat BC-337 GPS receiver with compact flash
20 channel rapid first fix
AT-65 external antenna
NMEA communication protocol
These connectors are very
small so keep them clean in the
field
MMCX
6
GPS accuracy depends on:
The number of satellites visible to the receiver
Strength of satellite signals (S/N)
Geometric position of satellite in the sky (constellation)
Differential corrections- require an unobstructed view of the
southern sky- suggestion: put your external GPS
antenna on your shoulder and face north when taking
GPS readings- this gives you the best chance of receiving
the Differential GPS signals from a geo-stationary
satellite in the southern sky
The Globalsat BC-337 uses only WAAS differential
corrections which are available only in the USA
A
Accuracy
iis about
b t +/+/ 2.3
2 3 to
t 3 meters
t in
i plan
l view
i
eg a circle 4.6 to 6 meters in diameter
Without differential correction, the accuracy is about
+/-5 meters in plan view, eg a circle 10 meters
in diameter
Vertical uncertainty is always about 2.5 times the horizontal accuracy
DGPS satellites are always on the equator, so from
the Northern hemisphere, they will be located in the
southern part of the sky. In southern hemisphere, they
will
ill be
b in
i the
th northern
th
sky
k
2
Revolutions per day
7
Mathematical requirements
x, y, z, time are 4 unknowns
Need 4 independent equations
At least 4 satellites are needed to get a 3 dimensional location of
x, y and z
The more satellites the better
Our GPS units required at least 4 satellites with a signal to noise ratio
about 32
8
The quality of GPS varies during the day with the constellation of
Satellites available at any one time
Satellite Geometry given as:
HDOP = Horizontal dilution of precission
9
Good GPS fix but
Not differentially
corrected
HDOP =1 is ideal
Have to pposition yyourself so that the
GPS receiver is in direct line
with a satellite sending down the
Differential corrections
10
Accuracy
varies
during the
day
To find which COM port your card GPS unit is using,
go to Start> Control Panel>System>Hardware>
Device Manager>Ports (COM & LPT)>Then
Read what COM port is shown at the end of
Compact Flash OX16CFF950 (Number?)
For example, it may say:
OX16CFF950 (COM4) meaning that
Communication Port 4 is being used by
the
h GPS
GPS.
11
First (1) Setup GPS
GPS device = NMEA coms configurable
Cli k INIT to set com port
Click
Select reference ellipsoid
Select Univ Trans Mercator
Click Alter Parameters and
enter zone and segment
for your location- see map on
following pages
Click EXIT
12
Global UTM Grid
Zone 10-S
UTM Easting
UTM Northing
Montana is T-12
13
Second (2) Turn GPS ON and wait for signals to arrive- be patient
And make sure that you are outdoors with an unobstructed view of the
Sky in all directions.
14
3 useful GPS collection modes:
Every time- useful in starting up
GPS
Averaged correctable- while
stopped
Minimum distancedistance as you walk
and map
Click Status Box to see satellites
2 main modes of using the GPS:
(1) Averaged fix for a static position (stop and count 15 seconds)
(2) Minimum distance and out-putting locations as you walk;
set to 10 meters, 50 meters etc, at least the distance of the
likely uncertainty of the GPS fix
15
Create a new Project Legend
Decide on the name of your new Project.
Create a new Directory (folder) with the same name as your new
Project in the PenMap 5 Directory.
Within the new Project Folder create two more directories:
Rastermaps and Vectors Maps
All of the subsequent files for this Project Area should go inside
this Project Directory, for example: digital base map files
such as ortho-images, topographic map files, etc.
Then start up GeoMapper and go to the Project Legend screen
and click on Create New Project Legend
For each new Project, repeat this process
16
GeoMapper Project Manager lets the user
define the local stratigraphic column
Start a new Project Legend
Plan the Legend on paper showing the stratigraphic column in terms of
Formations and also Lithologies. That way you can map individual
outcrops by lithology, then later make a colored overlay showing the
formations if you wish. Keep formation is time-stratigraphic order
Decide on the name of the Project Folder. Then click on GeoMapper
and instead of going to a green button, go the lower right and click on
Create New Project Legend. To the right of Project Legend
Description, type in the new Project name. Beneath this to the right of
Project Legend Name: GM-type a 4 letter abbreviation of the Project
name, eg GM-XXXX. The lowest entry should say Project Seed Name:
GM-Geo. If it doesn't type Geo. Then hit OK
You should see now on the bottom of the List of Project areas on the
bl screen your new Project
blue
P j t Area
A listed.
li t d Click
Cli k on Edit New
N Legend.
L
d
With the pen stylus, drag the lower right corner down and to the right to
maximize the screen. Use the right hand scroll bar to go down to the
lowermost buttons for the Oldest formations. These will appear in
GeoMapper on the left hand side of the button array so the buttons get
younger to the right.
17
What customization means is editing the buttons on the Formations
tool bar to: (1) appear with age and formation abbreviations instead of
numerical sequence 1, 2, 3 etc. and making the color of the formation
on the map what you want
(2) edit the Lithology tool bar to show the lithologies you desire either
in areal infills of closed polygons for outcrops
Or lithological symbols plotted along lines
as in a open pit bench
18
GeoMapper Legend Maker
Takes less than 1 hour using only point and click skills
A hard copy of the legend can be printed
Buttons are edited
Change infill color Buttons are edited
Formations replace numbers
Lithologies are replaced
User-selected color infill
patterns
Selectable pre-programmed lithology
patterns (Compton, 1985)
Example: A customized Formation tool bar for a statigraphic section
is shown below running from oldest formations on the left to youngest
on the right with unedited button still represented by numbers
Tertiary
Claremont
Formation
Tertiary
Orinda
Formation
Tertiary
Moraga
Formation
Tertiary
Siesta
Valley
Formation
Tertiary
Bald Peak
Formation
Each Formation button now shows the map color and the Formation
symbol abbreviation in correct stratigraphic order youngest to the right
Before making a new stratigraphic section, plan it out carefully so you
do not omit formations and have to insert them later. It is much easier
to place them in the correct order at the outset.
19
On the pull down menu, go View to Zoom to Custom to 800%
Now using the Paint tools on the left, make this button look the way you
want. Typically we use a time stratigraphic symbolism, eg Pp for
Permian Phosphoria Formation. Customize all the colored button you
want and type in their formation name. Also click on the colored
rectangle to the immediate right of each Formation name and select the
color you wish for display on the map.
Now the right hand half of the Legend screen is for you to make
analogous changes to the Buttons, lithologies, and select the pattern you
wish to have shown for your outcropt. Do it step by step as before.
When you are done, click the Pink Save Legend button and hit Exit
L
Legend.
d
Now when you start up GeoMapper, the new Project area we will show
at the bottom of the list. Click on start mapping.
20
First, hit the green LOAD Legend button and select the GM- XXXX
legend
g
yyou jjust made. Wait until the hard drive stops.
p This
may take several minutes.
To Make sure that the Symbols rotation option is ON, Click on the great
SETUP button shown below that is in the Upper row second from the
upper right.
21
Then click ON the Prompt for orientation and click OK and close this
screen. Hit a red SAVE button
Loading Digital Base Maps
The Project Manager creates a new directory each time you
make a new Project Legend in the C: PenMap 5 directory.
To load digital base maps, you need to navigate to the Project directory
where you wish to upload digital base maps.
For example, if you created a Project Legend for the Whitehall area,
a new GeoMapper Project legend would appear.
Navigate on the C: drive to the Penamp5 folder and find the directory
for the project you want, eg Whitehall.
Inside this folder, create 2 new directories, one labeled Rastermaps
and a second labeled Vectormaps
22
GeoMapper/PenMap can use four different types of base map files
simultaneously so that any of the 4 layers can be hidden or shown
The four types of graphics files are and the folder they go are are:
Vector
Vectormaps folder
Raster (bmp type)
Rastermaps
DRG (digital raster graphics eg geo-tiff)
Rastermaps
Shapefiles
Vectormaps
Load you digital graphics files into the correct folder, either Vectormaps
or raster maps for the Project directory of interest.
E h Project
Each
P j t directory
di t
will
ill have
h
its
it own subdirectories
bdi t i lebeled
l b l d
Vectormaps and Rastermaps. This helps keep your files organized
For using tif files as base maps, the raw tiff file needs to have been
georeferenced to the same UTM and reference ellipsoid that
you are using in the field with the GPS.
23
Click on the blue Select Base button
This frame appears showing the 4 different map types; each of these has
a Browse button to local the files you want to load
For Vector maps which are usually line graphs or vectorized topography,
after you copy the vector files into the Vectormaps folder, you can
use Gazeteer button to assemble a collection of vector maps.
Name this collection with a 4-letter name.grp
The Browse button is to select from these vector groups after they
have been made.
24
Raster Map group is accessed by first pressing the Convert bitmap
type
Four different types of bit mapped image files can be used:
Tif, PCX, BMP, and JPEG. You can if you wish, convert
your bitmapped file to a DRG list so that two different layers
can be used, one as a Raster map, and another as a DRG
DRG List Used is started by pressing Create/Edit DRG list
Then Add new sheets
Select the files you want
Hit Open, then Save and Exit
25
Shapefile list used is done in the same way as with the other file types.
Now that you have loaded your digital base maps, you can hide them
as you wish to display only 1 one more.
Click the Blue Option Base button
26
To hide any of the 4 types of base maps, click on the Hide buttons
shown below- them hit the redraw button
When the DRG and Shapefiles are loaded, hit OK, then YES twice when
asked to update the current survey area. Disregard the message
Division by Zero.
To Save this collection of maps, go to File and Do a Save As to save the
combined map file as assembled. The next time you open GeoMapper,
go to the green Open Map button and you can click on this file so that
you need only load these base maps once.
Note on naming files: Any filename should be 8 characters or less long
in front of the ".pts" eg 12345678.pts
27
Mapping -now that you have base maps ready to go
Go to the Project you want and click on a
green Start Mapping button
28
Each of the button icons in the StartGeo tool bar menu activates
specific functions. No pull down menus are necessary
The buttons read like a book: start at the top left, move right & down.
They are also colored coded like a traffic light:
Green: Go Ahead, the most commonly used buttons
Yellow: Caution, less commonly used
Red: Dire situations for Saving your work and Exiting.
Color coding classifies the buttons into similar groups and also shows
which ones are most commonly used and which are used
only under special circumstances
Most mapping is done with Green buttons: all others are special
functions:
Blue: select base maps files (topography, ortho-image)
Purple: GPS
Editing buttons
Erasing
Editing data
29
Button Tool bars
Tool bars are arrays of green buttons which can be touched by
the pen stylus to bring up groups of buttons
organized that do most of the work of geological mapping:
Lithology
Structure
Formations
Mineralization
Alteration
These tool bars can be used in whatever sequence a mapper decides
GeoMapper StartGeo Tool Bar
Color-coded frequency of use hierarchy stop light (left to right)
Go ahead: Open map, legend, map, sample, export
Caution: Set autosave,
autosave Undo
Undo, erase
erase,
Stop- pay attention: Save, Exit, Edit (red cross)
Mapping continuum
Go ahead
Copyright UC Regents 2001
Redraw the screen after making a change
30
Select base maps
Hide any maps you don’t need right away
To hide
Different
Base maps
31
Button Tool bars bring up groups of buttons organized in a logical fashion but
providing flexibility in sequence- and have common features strike and dip, trend
and plunge, solid contacts, dashed contacts, solid fault blue, dashed fault blue
Lithology
Formations
Structure
Mineralization
Alteration
Start at the upper left: click on Open Map- go to Project Folder
Browse until you find the file
You want and then hit “OK”
Once “Geology.pts” shows in the
filename window, click “OK”
32
To zoom in or out, click the Yellow Zoom button
Th Zoom
The
Z
box
b appears showing
h i possible
ibl scale
l factors
f t for
f
enlargement (X) or reduction factors. Click the factor you wish
and touch the screen.
Notice that the Pan function can also be accessed from the
Zoom box.
The E and N corrdinates shown in the Zoom box are the
UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) Easting
and Northing in meters.
Use the Pan button
to drag the map towards the area you prefer
Touchh the
T
h screen at the
h point
i you would
ld like
lik in
i the
h center off the
h map,
drag it and release.
33
Once you are panned and zoomed into the area of interest where
mapping can begin, we will show how to map an outcrop by
drawing a perimeter around the area of exposed rocks of one
lithology.
Click on the Lithology button
The Lithology toolbar opens up and draws the map shown before
Notice that on Lithology Toolbar, other common features remain:
Contacts, faults and strike and dip (both azimuthal and down dip)
This saves time by not having to change tool bars very often
Notice the red box around the
Lithology button. This shows that
the Lihtology tool bar is open
Now select an Area fill type for the lithology you want
Using the pen stylus touch the screen in a number of points demarking
the perimeter of the outcrop but do not complete the pattern.
To complete the polygon, click on the Gray Complete button and hit OK
34
Always after hitting a Complete button, click on OK to complete
entering the data into the GIS data base
A closed polygon is now filled in the selected lithology showing the
outcrop.
Next map a contact. Click on the well-located (solid line) contact
button and touch sevel points along the contact.
Hit complete
when done
35
Select a second aerial lithology button and draw another polygon
using Complete to close the last gap of the polygon.
Now let’s map a fault (in blue).
Click on the well-located (solid blue) fault button
Click on severla points along the idealized fault
Assume that the fault cuts off the contact shown in black. As you
continue to use the pen style to put in points along the fault,
you can snap onto the SE end of the black contact lie to share
that one node. Simply click on the SNAP button
36
Click on the end node of the black contact line, then hit Free Node
to go back to inputting nodes using the stylus rather than
snapping on existing nodes. Hit complete when done, then OK
Let’ add a Color infill to show
the Rock Formations
Click on the Formations
tool bar button
Formations are colored infill areas. Select one of them, eg Formation 1
and start to outline an area. When you want to snap onto
Existing nodes on
a contact or node
around and outcrop,
click on SNAP node,,
then FREE node when
you are not using
existing nodes.
Hit Complete, and OK
37
After clicking on the Strike and Dip symbol, touch the screen where
the measurement is made. When the bearing box appears
touch the screen inside the Bearing angler box and a data entry
box will appear. Click “Clr” to clear the entry and use the key
box to enter the azimuth of the strike line using the right hand
rule.
l No
N decimal
d i l is
i necessary. Click
Cli k OK.
OK The
Th Redraw
R d
The infill the 2 remaining areas
with formations and hit Redraw.
38
An effective mapping sequence is Outcrops first, then
contacts, and last infilling the Formations.
Outcrop lithology mapping
preserves the prime data
Colored formation show
regional distribution
Plotting a Strike and dips involves a symbol in GeoMapper
Most of the Green colored toolbars for Lithology, Structure, and
Formations all have the Strike and Dip symbols as well as the
most common kind sof contacts (solid and dashed lines) plus
faults so it is unnecessary to change tool bars to use a common
symbol.
Some of the symbols occur twice without and with a “D” notation
which refers to down dip direction. Symbols without a “D”
use an aziumth and dip or plunge.
Use the Right Hand Rule is determining the azimuth of the strike line,
ie, as you look along the strike line, if the bed dips towards
39
Your right, then read the north arrow of your compass. If the bed dips
to the left, read the south end of your compass or add 180 degrees to
the former reading.
Click on the Strike and Dip symbol (without the “D”)
Zoom in so that the map scale is about 1:1000 or so.
40
Click on the Azimuth field and enter
the value.
Click on the Dip field and enter a
value
Recording a rock sample: Click on GeoTools
Click on the rock hammer symbol
y
and touch the screen at the
location where the rock sample is to be taken.
Touch OK when this screen comes up
41
The next image that appears is the symbols plot box
To resize the box
To move the box
When you are content with the symbol
click on the check circle. Note, the
computer will wait until you check this
circle. Do not try to go on without
completing this task
Enter more data on the rock sample including its lithology from the
pull-down menu. Note: you must enter a sample number otherwise
GeoMapper will not let you continue and the following message
will appear.
Click OK. The rock hammer symbol is plotted on the map to show
the location of the sample and the data is recorded in the GIS data base
42
The same plotting and recording procedure for the rock sample
can be used to plot the location of an oil seep.
Type-in the requested
attribute information.
To put text on the map use GeoTool toolbar and click on the Green
Text button
A symbol plot box will appear. Enter the text you want, eg. The dip, and
click on repeat text and click on the screen where you want the text
situated. Move the box to a place where it is on the dip side
of the strike and dip symbol and click the check box to complete it.
Enter data for dip
43
To put Photos links on the map, from the GeoTools toolbar, click on
the Magenta Photo button.
Plot the location of the camera and use the
bearing window to indicate the direction in which
the photograph was taken.
Click the Capture button to select and link the
i
image
to
t the
th symbol
b l plotted.
l tt d
The View button is clicked to see the
photograph.
To set the Autosave feature go to the StartGeo toolbar,
then click on
If you want AutoSave on
click on Timed and then
enter the time interval
between saves
44
To save you map file manually, click on the red Save button on any
toolbar
To exit GeoMapper click on the red EXIT button on any tool bar
Always close one *.PTS file before opening another
This completes the Quick start guide to GeoMapper
Remember:
Wait until the hard drive indicator stops before doing anything,
otherwise a pen tablet can freeze up.
T
Turn
off
ff back
b k lighting
li h i out doors
d
to save battery
b
life
lif
Adjust the appearance of your screen carefully- with just a few
clicks
Turn off bell sounds to save battery
Remember to check the check symbol or the computer will wait
until you do
Save your work using red Save Button
45
Mapping on a Vector Topographic Map
Map outcrops and add structural data first, faults,
and contacts. Finally add formation in-fills by snapping
onto to existing nodes.
Outcrop lithology mapping
preserves the prime data
Colored formation show
regional distribution which is
added later
With the exception of “Built” (as-built lines)- all features come up in
“Free Node” (pen) input mode
To use the GPS to map feature, hit “Snap node” once
Hit “Free”
Free node to go back to normal,
normal or hit any other button which
Will come up automatically in free pen mode.
46
Regarding using Structural symbols, they all come up in free or pen
mode unless you click the snap node button so that the GPS unit locates
the symbol on you map.
D=down dip direction, No “d” mean normal symbols
For example, to place a strike and dip symbol on your map using the pen,
just touch the strike and dip button then touch the screen where you want
to place the symbol then answer the questions.
If you are outdoors and want to use the GPS, touch the strike and dip
b
button,
then
h hit
hi the
h green Snap
S
node
d b
button,
tt
andd use the
h GPS.
GPS I suggest
using the "Average" mode and hit Restart and wait for 10 seconds. When
you hit accept, the symbol come up and answer the questions to fill in
data. You will need to use an azimuthal (0 to 360 degree, clockwise)
compass, not quadrant
Lithology toolbar
Lines
Areas
47
Mineralization toolbar
Alteration toolbar
48
Remember to “complete” so data goes into GIS data base
49
Trend and plunge
Contact
Fault
Vein
Strike and Dip
Clear data
Key in azimuth
using right hand rule
50
Enter data for dip
Touch the screen where you want
the dip number shown
GeoTools
Rock samples, soil samples, water samples, oil seeps,
Infrared data, field Make photos < 1 Mb
Always have a sample number or
You can’t continue
51
Return to Start Geo button array
Entering existing data from a hand-held GPS unit
52
To start, you will need to set the hand-held GPS so you can read the
(x,y,z) UTM coordinates in Easting, Northing, and Elevation in the same
reference ellipsoid eg WGS84 of whatever you used. Then point by point
enter that (x,y,z) point in GeoMapper as a point and then use the
GeoMapper legend to snap the correct geological feature to that data
point. You should also make a few setting in GeoMapper to do this.
Click the SETUP button that looks like a Blue TV screen
To start, you will need to set the hand-held GPS so you can read the
(x,y,z) UTM coordinates in Easting, Northing, and Elevation in the same
reference ellipsoid eg WGS84 of whatever you used. Then point by point
enter that (x,y,z) point in GeoMapper as a point and then use the
GeoMapper legend to snap the correct geological feature to that data
point.
i t You
Y should
h ld also
l make
k a few
f setting
tti iin G
GeoMapper
M
tto ddo thi
this.
Click the SETUP button that looks like a Blue TV screen
When the screen shown below comes up
Under Annotate Nodes click on Position (x,y) which will show these
coordinates on the screen if you zoom in far enough.
53
Then for each thing you wish to transfer from the hand-held GPS to
GeoMapper in the CCLNG map, you will need to make a point
on the screen for that (x,y) location. Click on the Gray button labeled
POINT and select DOT, then hit OK
Now you can enter the (x,y,z) data for that point by clicking on the Gray
button ENTER XYZ
A screen will appear in which you type in the (x,y,z) data then hit OK
54
The (X,Y) values from your mapping area should be about x=
312919 and y = 7,375,139 This point would appear on your map as
Then to locate the features in GeoMapper, go to GeoTools (green button)
for camera picture locations, rock samples etc
Then click on the purple camera icon, then hit the Green snap button and
touch the point you located with the enter data command
this should bring up the camera infill box. Enter the azimuth of the
photo,
h t number
b etc
t andd hit ok.
k
The same mode of entering the data by hand should be followed for field
notes etc.
For outcrops, for to the Lithology button and enter the data point, then
outline it with a polygon, then hit complete to close the polygin.
You may wish to turn off the (X,Y) annotation by using the SETUP icon
then clicking off the Annotate nodes (x,y)
(x y)
55
For outcrops, for to the Lithology button and enter the data point, then
outline it with a polygon, then hit complete to close the polygin.
You may wish to turn off the (X,Y) annotation by using the SETUP icon
then clicking off the Annotate nodes ((x,y)
56
You can turn on Auto Save or just hit a red SAVE button regularly.
To turn on Auto Save click on the Yellow clock button and click
save on and set the time interval between saves. This can save some
grief.
Printing Maps
You can print out your completed map. For printing out a full scale
completed map, eg on a 36 or 48 inch wide HP plotter. You would need
however to load the same device driver for the printer onto your pen
tablet.
To Print ggo to the GeoTools tool-bar and find 2 buttons
57
Use the GeoTools Toolbar to print map graphics.
Use the Setup Printer button
to select the printer connected
to your computer.
Click on the Print button to
select the scale and area of
interest to print.
NOTE: the printer’s driver
should be installed on the
computer first.
The SETup button is where you select the printer to be used (only when
the device driver has been loaded), and the Print button to print the map.
Select the Scaling 1: ???? eg 1:1000 scale, then click on the Set Plot Box
58
Use this icon
to Pan
so that the desired area
Encloses the desired
region
Change Scale to get the
Best fit.
When done, click on
this button
to continue
The plot box will appear as shown below. To change the size of the area
click on the check
to return to the Plot Box menu and select a more
appropriate scale. In any case you always have to click on
the
to proceed.
You can also translate, the plot box by clicking on the
button and dragging it with the pen stylus until the plot box surrounds th
area of your map that you want. Finally, click on the
to proceed.
Y can enter
You
t Titles
Titl for
f the
th map,
north arrow, scale, etc.
59
Export map files
Go to the START green button and hold it down to get My Computer.
Double click Local Disc C: then open the PenMap5 folder. Open the
folder for the field project eg CCLNG. If there is not already a folder
inside there entitled EXPORT, then create a new folder called EXPORT.
This can be done by going to File, dragging down to New to Folder.
(3) Click on the
button on the main Start Geo array.
Use the GeoTools Toolbar to export map graphics and data.
To export structurall
T
strike and dip data,
click on the GIS Export button.
Select the GIS Data option and
click OK.
Use the DXF export
p button
to port the map graphics to
AutoCAD and/or ArcMap.
Check-on Assemble polylines
and click OK.
60
This brings up the following array:
The main export buttons are:
suggest starting your export process with the
button. This will
export a full data file for the entire map you map.
Click on it and browse to find the EXPORT folder you made earlier so
that you know where the files are being stored.
Name the file eg CCLNG
CCLNG.unv
unv which stands for universal.
universal Hit "FULL"
FULL
to make a full export.
61
(4) The files that your GIS people can use come from the next set of
buttons.
The first button exports Shapefiles. Again Browse to the EXPORT
directory and name the new export file.
Set Directory as Export, hit Add All, and click Concise for more
data to be exported then hit OK.
62
5) The GIS button can to export data in csv (comma separated format.
(6) One export you need to do for sure is the DXF. Browse to the
EXPORT folder and name the new file.
Permanent Stations
Are added in the field to special points such as claim posts,
survey monuments (permanent identifiers -PIDs)
Click on the
Button and label the point. Turn this feature off by
clicking the next button to the right
63
Editing mapping data
Is done wit the following keys
Undo
Erase- circle the bad data
Erase only certain things
lines, symbols, GIS data
Move points to
A Free or Snap
node
Edit points
Move a point to
a Free node or to a
snap node
Edit a symbol
Text
GIS ddata
t
Elevation
Insert a node
along a line
64
Editing Formation and Lithology Buttons in an existing map Legend
Using the Legend you wish to modify, make sure that some mapping has
been done and saved as a *.pts file.
Do a Save As to make a backup copy of you map by adding a 1 in the
name to differentiate it from the original file name.
Go to the Start Geo screen and find 3 yyellow buttons saying
y g “Legend”
g
Click on the
button
Along the bottom of the screen click on GM “your Legend Name”
Project Legend Modification
Edit the buttons for Formation and Lithology as you wish,
wish then
Save Legend and Exit
65
Browse to C:PenMap folder and locate a file labeled:
“default.unv.unv” not in any other directory
Click OK
Click on button
66
Click OK
Click on Button 3
67
Click on “Retain existing object status”
Go to GeoTools tool bar
Click on
68
Click Yes
The select the Legend you wish to update and click Save
Recording a rock sample: Click on GeoTools
Click on the rock hammer symbol
y
and touch the screen at the
location where the rock sample is to be taken.
Touch OK when this screen comes up
69
Deleting Unwanted Project Files
You will need to edit the geomap.ini file. To be safe, make a back up
copy of the file before you make changes, by doing a Save As to
a new file name
1)) Navigate
g to the GeoMapp folder found in the Penmap5
p directory.
y
2) Open the geomap.ini file (using MicroSoft Program notepad found on
your PC by going to Programs>Accessories>Notepad).
3) You need to delete a row in each of the three sections of the file for
each legend you wish to remove.
Example:
[Project Legend]
GMGeoLegend=GM-Geo
GMGeoLegend=GM-test *Delete this entire row*
[SectionEnd]
[Project Legend Description]
GMGeoDescri=GeoMapper Geology
GMGeoDescri=Testing *Delete this entire row*
[SectionEnd]
[Legend Count]
GMGeoCount=0
GMG C t 1
GMGeoCount=1
*D l t this
*Delete
thi entire
ti row**
4) Save the file.
70
Eliminating the “Division by Zero Message”
Set the DRG pixel threshold to 256 pixels within the Map
Options/Settings window. For example,
Unless you save the Penmap.ini file updated in the Penmap5/Configfiles
folder into the GeoMap/GM-Ruby/Configs or the GeoMap/GMPion/configs
g directories,, yyou might
g to reset this option
p
every
y time to start
GeoMapper, anew.
Example:
[Project Legend]
GMGeoLegend=GM-Geo
GMGeoLegend=GM-test *Delete this entire row*
[SectionEnd]
[Project Legend Description]
GMGeoDescri=GeoMapper Geology
GMGeoDescri=Testing *Delete this entire row*
[SectionEnd]
[Legend Count]
GMGeoCount=0
GMG C t 1
GMGeoCount=1
*D l t this
*Delete
thi entire
ti row**
4) Save the file.
71
Installing device drivers for card GPS units
1) Uninstall Previously installed device drivers:
a) Select Start>>Control Panel>>System>>Ports>>[Name of Driver]
b) Click the UnInstall Icon.
2) Remove Previously installed applications
a)) Select Start>>Control Panel>>Add/Remove Programs>>GPS
g
Information
b) Toggle-on Remove program
3) Remove old GPS Card
4) Copy new GPS directory onto the C:\Temp directory of the tablet.
5) Install the program files for new GPS applications:
a) Double-Click on Setup.exe
* If "Another device is running...." then b) restart computer and
continue with step 5.
* If "Card Not Inserted..." then b) repeat step 5a)
c) Toggle-on Modify and Un-Check the "98Me.." and "Win9XMe" boxes
d) Click Next, then Finish
6) Open the GPS program files and drivers directory:
a) Select C:\Program Files\New GPS Name\GPSReceiver\Res\
7) Insert the new GPS Card and immediately after double-click the
InstallApp.exe file found in the Res directory.
a) Click "Continue Anyway"
b) Wait 10 seconds while the computer manages the other prompts and
windows.
72
Explanation of WAAS GPS system:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAAS
Geostationary satellites used for WAAS in the US
See satellites # 48 and 51 in the map on the next page which are
located above the earth’s equator
Satellites with PRN numbers greater than 32 are geostationary
http://www.nstb.tc.faa.gov/
http://www.nstb.tc.faa.gov/opsdisplay.html
73
To find the elevation angle above the horizon of the WAAS satellites for
your location
http://www.lyngsat.com/tracker/galaxy15.html
74
View Satellites:
http://www.gjar-po.sk/import/capi_online/satellite.html
SiRFstarIII:
Th SiRFstarIII
The
SiRF t III chip
hi iis di
distinguished
ti
i h d ffrom earlier
li SiRF chips
hi largely
l
l due
d
to its ability to acquire and maintain a signal lock in urban or densely
covered forest environments, and its faster Time to First Fix (TTFF), the
time it takes for a GPS receiver to lock onto the satellite signals and
determine the initial position. The enhanced abilities of the SiRFstarIII
chips are made possible by several features:
A 20 channel receiver,
receiver which can process the signals of all visible GPS
and WAAS satellites simultaneously.
Reviewers have praised the SiRFstarIII chipset for its superior sensitivity
and tracking capabilities.[4]
Changing Symbol Sizes
To change the symbol size retroactively within a library of PenMap
symbols is to reset the symbol. So for the strike and dip symbol you will
need to reset the symbol within the symbols library for the GeoMapper
legend(s). Specifically...
Phase 1
1. Open the PTS file you want to edit.
2. Export the Map File (export a UNV file).
Phase 2
1. Open a PTS seed file, such as Geology.pts or Berk2005.pts (A PTS
fil with
file
ith the
th legend
l
d loaded
l d d but
b t containing
t i i no data)
d t )
2. For relevant scale click on the Strike N Dip button and plot a strike
and dip symbol.
3. Create a strike an dip symbol that is twice as big by using the
Graphic>>Line with Method>>free selections from the menu bar and
pull-down the Default GIS Name selection.
75
4. Click on the Set Symbols button.
5. Scroll-down and select the STKNDIP GISname symbol-box.
6. From the menu select the Wipe option found within one of the menu
items in the symbol toolbox menu.
7. Scroll-down to select the STKNDIP GISname symbol-box, again.
8. Then select the Add symbol graphic from window option from the
menu items.
9. Click and Drag to select the new (twice as large) strike and dip symbol
made.
10. Select File>>Save
11. Toggle-on to Replace existing file.
12. File>>Exit or File>>Close the symbol toolbox window.
13 Close
13.
Cl
the
th PTS file
fil (don't
(d 't needd to
t save the
th PTS file).
fil )
Phase 3
1. Copy the symbols file just updated/created named GM-Geo.slb into
the Configs folder of the pertinent legend folder found within the
GeoMap directory. (if it is a map file of the Berkeley Hills project then
the corresponding legend folder is named GM-Berk.)
2. Also copy the file into the Configfiles directory of Penmap.
Phase 4
1. Start GeoMapper
2. Click on the Load Legend to load the legend configuration pertinent to
the Project. (if the file is a Berkeley Hills Project, project load GM-Berk)
3. Click on the Compile Map button and select the Map file (unv file) of
your map you exported earlier.
4. The symbols for Stike and Dip should be recreated with the new size.
76
Determining GPS accuracy and precision
First locate a nearby Permanent Identifier (PID) that is maintained
by the US Geodetic Survey for which accurate location data
is available
To find these PIDS, the following utility works very well
http://www.metzgerwillard.us/Setup.aspx
Zoom in using the Google Earth controls on the right
Cli k on the
Click
h PID off interest
i
eg Stadium A
77
Click on the PID name
eg HT1891 so that the
NGS data sheet appears
below.
Be careful to observe which
ellipsoid is referenced
eg NAD83 is NAD83
CONUS
This map was made at PID HT1891
using 80-10 second averaging times
for the Globalsat BC-337 GPS with a
SiRFstarIII chipset (WAAS)
Systematic Error and accuracy (relative
to HT1892)= 2.33 meters
Random Error (relative to mean):
Easting 1 = 0.73 m
Northing 1  =1.63 m
Sum random error and precision:
1 =SQRT(ADE2+ADN2)= 1.79m
2 m
3 
Total Error = Systematic +/- Random Error
1
Total Error = 2.33+/- 1.79m
1  0.54 < Total Error < 4.12 m
2  0 <Total Error < 6.2
3 0< Total Error < 7.69
95%
Systematic
Error (black)
Vector
Accuracy
Data
Cloud
width
Precision
1m
78
Set up over the chosen PID
Use Static Mean Correctable
GPS collection mode
Select a line to draw as the GPS fixes evolve
Collect GPS data at 10 sec
averaging times
To process the data export the GPS data:
File>Export>Other format>
Export Survey Points
DAT format
Note on elevation:
Elevation is stated elevation on NGS Data Sheet minus
geoid height; if <0 then – (-) adds onto stated height
Finding USGS Topographic Maps
http://www.gelib.com/usgs-topographic-maps.htm
79
Changing Line Widths
Click on the Display SetUp button
Make sure the Show text if greater than is set to 2 pixels and the
Quick redraw threshold is set to 1:2000
Determine the name of the layer for the line you wish to change
Go to Lithology and click on the button for the line of interest
For example, Notice the Name of the Layer: LL-L4
Click Abort then click on the Layers Toolbox icon
80
Scroll down until you see a black dot on the left side of the layer of
interest, eg. LL-L4 and click on the box: “Solid”
Then increase the thickness and click OK
If you wish to save the changes line width, then save changes
Use the same Layers as the Legend you are using.
81
Printing Maps
Click Set Map Display Options
Under the Show section, check-off Nodes; in the TrueType Text Display
Threshold section, type-in the pixel height to Show text if Greater than:
1; and in the Font Type section, toggle-on Truetype.
Click OK.
Click Set Layers.
Under the Global Replace Parameters, Check-off all the boxes, except
for the box for the Graphics column.
Click on the Solid button (just above the checked box); in the Line Style
window, scroll-down to select the Phantom Line; and then click OK.
Cli k the
Click
th Action
A ti Global
Gl b l Replace
R l
b tt
button.
In the Global Replace window, toggle-on Replace Only Layers Starting
with Key and type-in the Search Key: FA-F; click Execute Search and
Replace; and then click Close
82
These actions are performed to set the Formation Layers' polygon outline
line-style to phantom, or invisible; so that their outlines do not interfere
with the contact/fault boundary line colors.
Click Close.
Examples:
For Berkeley-Oakland Hills
Whole project area:
Put SE corner of vector topo map in SE corner of screen
Scale shown in GeoMapper: 1:25,000
In GeoMaper set scale to 1:18,000 for 11 by 17 inch paper
Print in Landscape Plot Title box in Lower left
Volcano
V
l
P k
Park:
Put SE corner of vector topo map in SE corner of screen
Scale shown in GeoMapper: 1:25,000
In GeoMapper set scale to 1:1o,000 for 8.5 by 11 inch paper
Print in Portrait with Plot Title box in Upper right
83