Toep assing 4 - Meergezinsw oningen
Transcription
Toep assing 4 - Meergezinsw oningen
TOEPASSING 3: WONINGSCHEIDENDE WANDEN IN MEERGEZINSWONINGEN DOORLOPENDE VLOERPLATEN, VERHOOGD AKOESTISCH COMFORT, DnT,w > 58 dB TOEPASSING 4: WONINGSCHEIDENDE WANDEN IN MEERGEZINSWONINGEN DOORLOPENDE VLOERPLATEN, VERHOOGD AKOESTISCH COMFORT, DnT,w > 58 dB Dakplaat Dakplaat 4 cm minerale wol 4 cm minerale wol > 58 dB > 58 dB APP 4 APP 2 > 150 kg/m2 > 150 kg/m > 220 kg/m2 zwevend zwevend > 150 kg/m2 APP 3 > 150 kg/m2 > 150 kg/m2 > 105 kg/m2 zwevend zwevend APP 1 > 220 kg/m2 > 105 kg/m2 > 58 dB > 58 dB zwevend zwevend zwevend Meersgezinswoning - Toepassing 1 Toepassing 3 - Meergezinswoningen Vloerplaat in beton zwevend Vloerplaat in beton Ononderbroken fundering Ononderbroken fundering Deze voorgestelde oplossing is onderhevig aan de randvoorwaarden zoals vermeld op pg 7. MATERIALEN • scheidingsmuur 2 x 150 kg/m² • 4 cm minerale wol • SonicStrip zowel boven als onder de vloerplaat • zwevende vloeren noodzakelijk, ook op gelijkvloers Bouwen met Silentbrick is kiezen voor bouwen met performante akoestische resultaten. De vloerplaat boven de bovenste bouwlaag moet onderbroken worden. Fabricagematen SonicStrip Lengte rol: 6,25 m / 12,5 m Breedte: 100 / 150 / 200 mm Type steen Vorm Vorm: vlak Dikte: 10 mm Dikt Max. belasting per lm: Max 160 kN/m < 16 • SonicStrip geplaatst onder én boven alle muren. m • SonicStrip ligt op en onder de vloerplaten. • In de vloerplaat: een bijkomende dubbele wapening met een minimale diameter van 8 mm geplaatst. 14 > 150 kg/m2 APP 3 L B H (mm) (mm) (mm) Oppervlaktemassa wand, inclusief mortel (kg/m²) Deze voorgestelde oplossing is onderhevig aan de randvoorwaarden zoals vermeld op pg 7. MATERIALEN • scheidingsmuur 220 kg/m² • 4 cm minerale wol • scheidingsmuur 105 kg/m² • SonicStrip zowel boven als onder de vloerplaat • zwevende vloeren noodzakelijk, ook op gelijkvloers Breedte: 100 / 150 / 200 mm 138 188 > 150 Dikt Dikte: 10 mm Max Max. belasting per lm: < 16 160 kN/m 288 138 138 > 150 288 188 138 > 150 Porotherm Thermobrick 288 188 188 > 150 Desimpel Snelbouw 288 188 188 > 150 Desimpel Snelbouw 288 188 138 > 150 Fabricagematen Vorm Vorm: vlak 288 Porotherm Silentbrick De vloerplaat boven de bovenste bouwlaag moet onderbroken worden. SonicStrip Lengte rol: 6,25 m / 12,5 m Porotherm Silentbrick Porotherm Thermobrick Bouwen met Silentbrick is kiezen voor bouwen met performante akoestische resultaten. • SonicStrip geplaatst onder én boven alle m muren. • SonicStrip ligt op en onder de vloerplaten. • In de vloerplaat: een bijkomende dubbele wapening met een minimale diameter van 8 mm geplaatst. Type steen L B H (mm) (mm) (mm) Oppervlaktemassa wand, inclusief mortel (kg/m²) Porotherm Silentbrick 288 188 188 > 220 Porotherm Silentbrick 288 188 138 > 220 Porotherm Thermobrick 288 88 188 > 105 Porotherm Thermobrick 288 88 138 > 105 15 Toepassing 4 - Meergezinswoningen APP 1 APP 4 > 150 kg/m2 2 GEVEL > 150 kg/m 2 GEVEL APP 2 WIENERBERGER TESTVERSLAGEN AKOESTIEK Kij knoopreducties van Appartementen toepassing 4 Hierbij worden de knoopreductiecoëf gegeven over de aanzet van een dubbele wand + verdieping op een funderingssokkel met doorlopende vloerplaat. Voor de doorlopende funderings-vloerplaat werd geen specifieke test gedaan, maar werd de test genomen van een doorlopende betonplaat uit de appertementensimulaties. (test 09) Aangenomen kan worden dat deze test zeker de meest nadelige benadering van de situatie zal zijn wegens het bijkomende effect van de dissipatie dat zal optreden bij vloerplaten op volle grond. Voor de bovenste verdiepingen werden testen 05 en 06 (onder belasting, met enkele strip) gedaan voor knoopreducties over wanden onderbroken met de akoestische strip WB160 (sonic strip) van Wienerberger. Voor de doorlopende vloerplaten aan de tussenverdiepen werd test 07 en 09 uitgewerkt Om tot een Dntw bepaling te komen moeten deze gerecombineerd worden met de Rw waardes van de opbouwende wanden. Bijkomend werd een celtest gedaan van de volledige opstelling met gelijmde snelbouwstenen in combinatie met akoestische matten (150kg/m² + dubbele (boven en onder) sonic strips) CSTC BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 WTCB Tel : (32) 2 7164211 Offices : B-1932 Sint-Stevens-Woluwe, Lozenberg 7 Page 1/11 www.bbri.be Measurement of the vibration reduction index Kij TEST CASE : Requested by : Wienerberger NV ipv Terca Beerse Test adress : CASE 09 Contact company : Luc Vasseur BBRI : B. Ingelaere Wienerberger NV Steenbakkersdam 10 in Beerse General informations Test name : Applied standard: Date test : Date report : Responsable test : Collaboration : Excitation source : Excitation type : K13, K12, K14, K15, K26 Pr EN 10848-1 and 4 26/09/2007 27/09/2007 Charlotte Crispin Debby Wuyts Hammer Stationary structure-borne Junction informations Junction description : A cross junction composed of a continuous concrete floor and a double brick wall. A resilient joint is inserted between the brick walls and the floor. Junction lenght [m] : 4.2 Wall informations Designation ρ [kg/m³] Width [m] Length [m] Thickness d [m] Edyn [N/m²] μ Junction diagram Wall 1 Floor 2 Wall 3 Wall 4 Bricks 1108 4.2 3.1 0.14 5.60E+09 0.15 Concrete 2300 4.6 2.5 0.19 2.60E+10 0.2 Bricks 1108 4.4 2.3 0.14 5.60E+09 0.15 Bricks 1108 4.2 2.1 0.14 5.60E+09 0.15 Wall 5 Floor 6 X Precast Bricks Concrete concrete 1108 2300 2300 4.2 4.6 4.35 3.1 2.5 4.16 0.14 0.19 0.2 5.60E+09 2.60E+10 2.60E+10 0.15 0.2 0.2 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 2/11 Measurement apparatus and tests cells TEST CASE : CASE 09 Test equipment Accelerometers : A real time analyser : Accelerometer calibrator : Excitation source : Computer + software : Dytran (sensitivity : 1000mV/g) 01dB Orchestra (8 channels), 01dB Symphonie (2 channels) B&K Type 4294 Hammer dBFA32 v4.8, dBBATI32 v4.8 Test cells and mounting description Test adress : Wienerberger NV Steenbakkersdam 10 in Beerse Mounting description : A cross junction composed of a continuous concrete floor and a double brick wall. A resilient joint is inserted between the brick walls and the floor. The resilient joint is a resinbonded rubber with a thickness of 0.01 m and a width of 0.14 m. The brick walls are not plastered. The cavity between the brick walls is filled with mineral wool and measures ± 0.03 m. BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 3/11 The structural reverberation time Ts TEST CASE : CASE 09 Wall 1 Floor 2 Wall 3 Wall 4 Wall 5 Floor 6 X X 100 0.82 0.85 0.78 0.78 0.82 0.85 0.79 0.91 125 160 200 250 315 0.48 0.4 0.4 0.47 0.36 0.37 0.3 0.29 0.25 0.2 0.19 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.87 0.56 0.8 0.47 0.71 0.44 0.35 0.3 0.23 0.19 0.15 0.13 0.1 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.6 0.44 0.53 0.44 0.35 0.28 0.19 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.07 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.6 0.44 0.53 0.44 0.35 0.28 0.19 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.07 0.48 0.4 0.4 0.47 0.36 0.37 0.3 0.29 0.25 0.2 0.19 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.87 0.56 0.8 0.47 0.71 0.44 0.35 0.3 0.23 0.19 0.15 0.13 0.1 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.63 0.57 0.56 0.34 0.29 0.23 0.24 0.18 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.72 0.46 0.5 0.61 0.32 0.39 0.45 0.36 0.29 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.1 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 ηtot The total loss factor Wall 1 Floor 2 Wall 3 Wall 4 Wall 5 Floor 6 X 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 0.027 0.037 0.034 0.028 0.019 0.019 0.015 0.015 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.009 0.026 0.020 0.025 0.014 0.019 0.010 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.028 0.024 0.019 0.015 0.012 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.028 0.024 0.019 0.015 0.012 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.027 0.037 0.034 0.028 0.019 0.019 0.015 0.015 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.009 0.026 0.020 0.025 0.014 0.019 0.010 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.028 0.028 0.024 0.020 0.026 0.024 0.024 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.011 0.014 0.013 0.008 0.008 0.007 X 0.024 0.024 0.030 0.022 0.014 0.022 0.014 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 4/11 Kij for the transmission path 1- 3 : Result Kij CASE 09 TEST CASE : Direction averaged velocity level difference : Dvij,bid Test name : Test date : K13 Direction averaged velocity level difference 26/09/2007 70 60 Dvij [dB] 50 20 155.1 155.1 B [Nm]: 1.28E+06 1.28E+06 fci [Hz] : 202.5 202.5 n [1/Hz]: 0.07 0.06 Dv13 10 Dv31 Dv13 bid 2500 3150 4000 5000 2500 3150 4000 5000 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 100 0 160 10.1 125 Wall 3 13.2 Frequency [Hz] The vibration reduction index : Kij The vibration reduction index, Kij 40 30 20 10 Frequency [Hz] 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 0 250 49.3 50 200 Single value [dB] : 60 160 K13 37.1 34.6 43.3 43.0 40.4 46.1 43.8 51.5 50.9 54.7 56.3 57.4 56.4 58.4 58.5 56.7 59.9 56.3 125 Frequency [Hz] 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 70 100 ρ' [kg/m²] : Wall 1 30 Kij [dB] S [m²] : 40 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 5/11 Kij for the transmission path 1- 2 : Result Kij CASE 09 TEST CASE : Direction averaged velocity level difference : Dvij,bid Test name : Test date : K12 Direction averaged velocity level difference 26/09/2007 50 45 40 35 Dvij [dB] 30 25 20 15 155.1 437.0 B [Nm]: 1.28E+06 1.49E+07 fci [Hz] : 202.5 99.8 n [1/Hz]: 0.07 0.03 10 Dv12 Dv21 5 Dv12 bid 2500 3150 4000 5000 2500 3150 4000 5000 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 100 0 160 11.3 125 Floor 2 13.2 Frequency [Hz] The vibration reduction index : Kij The vibration reduction index, Kij 25 20 15 10 5 Frequency [Hz] 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 0 250 30.5 30 200 Single value [dB] : 35 160 K12 27.6 25.6 29.8 30.6 25.1 27.8 27.7 31.1 31.6 32.5 34.1 34.0 34.3 34.8 35.5 33.6 34.9 35.5 125 Frequency [Hz] 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 40 100 ρ' [kg/m²] : Wall 1 Kij [dB] S [m²] : BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 6/11 Kij for the transmission path 1- 4 : Result Kij CASE 09 TEST CASE : Direction averaged velocity level difference : Dvij,bid Test name : Test date : K14 Direction averaged velocity level difference 26/09/2007 80 70 60 Dvij [dB] 50 40 30 Wall 1 Wall 4 S [m²] : 13.2 9.0 ρ' [kg/m²] : 155.1 155.1 B [Nm]: 1.28E+06 1.28E+06 fci [Hz] : 202.5 202.5 n [1/Hz]: 0.07 0.05 20 Dv14 10 Dv41 Dv14 bid 2500 3150 4000 5000 2500 3150 4000 5000 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 160 125 100 0 Frequency [Hz] The vibration reduction index : Kij The vibration reduction index, Kij 50 40 30 20 10 Frequency [Hz] 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 0 160 49.4 60 125 Single value [dB] : 70 100 K14 40.2 34.9 42.5 38.5 45.8 39.4 44.1 52.0 55.6 52.0 56.0 61.5 62.7 66.7 63.9 63.3 63.0 61.2 Kij [dB] Frequency [Hz] 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 80 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 7/11 Kij for the transmission path 1- 5 : Result Kij CASE 09 TEST CASE : Direction averaged velocity level difference : Dvij,bid Test name : Test date : K15 Direction averaged velocity level difference 26/09/2007 60 50 Dvij [dB] 40 155.1 155.1 B [Nm]: 1.28E+06 1.28E+06 fci [Hz] : 202.5 202.5 n [1/Hz]: 0.07 0.07 Dv15 10 Dv51 Dv15 bid 2500 3150 4000 5000 2500 3150 4000 5000 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 100 0 160 13.2 125 13.2 20 Frequency [Hz] The vibration reduction index : Kij The vibration reduction index, Kij 30 20 10 Frequency [Hz] 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 0 250 31.9 40 200 Single value [dB] : 50 160 K15 15.7 15.9 17.1 21.4 24.2 25.8 29.4 32.2 37.8 38.5 37.4 40.2 43.5 46.6 48.2 48.8 49.3 49.3 125 Frequency [Hz] 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 60 100 ρ' [kg/m²] : Wall 5 Kij [dB] S [m²] : Wall 1 30 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 8/11 Kij for the transmission path 2- 6 : Result Kij CASE 09 TEST CASE : Direction averaged velocity level difference : Dvij,bid Test name : Test date : K26 Direction averaged velocity level difference 26/09/2007 8 7 6 5 Dvij [dB] 4 3 2 1 437.0 437.0 B [Nm]: 1.49E+07 1.49E+07 fci [Hz] : 99.8 99.8 n [1/Hz]: 0.03 0.03 0 Dv26 Dv62 -1 Dv26 bid 2500 3150 4000 5000 2500 3150 4000 5000 2000 1600 1250 800 1000 630 500 400 315 250 200 100 -2 160 11.3 125 Floor 6 11.3 Frequency [Hz] The vibration reduction index : Kij The vibration reduction index, Kij 4 3 2 1 Frequency [Hz] 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 0 250 2.5 5 200 Single value [dB] : 6 160 K26 3.6 3.7 3.1 4.6 2.6 6.3 1.0 0.9 2.9 1.7 1.8 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.6 4.4 125 Frequency [Hz] 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 7 100 ρ' [kg/m²] : Floor 2 Kij [dB] S [m²] : BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 9/11 Annex 1 : MEASUREMENT METHODS Measurement method to determine the vibration reduction index, Kij General The vibration reduction index Kij expresses, in a way, the attenuation of the power flow through a junction. The draft prEN ISO 10848-1 to 4 gives a measurement method to obtain this index in laboratory. The principle of measurement for Kij is based on tis formula : The required quantities are the length of the junction lij [m], the direction averaged level difference [dB] and the equivalent absorption lengths ai [m] and aj [m]. All these quantities are obtained by vibration measurements with structure-borne excitation. is obtained from the mean value of the velocity level differences Dv,ij and Dv,ij. Dv,ij (Dv,ji) is the difference between the surface average velocity level of the wall i (j) and the wall j (i) when the wall i (j) is excited at several points. ai and ai are determined according to the measurement of the structural reverberation times Ts,i and Ts,j : Sj is the surface area of the wall j [m²]; Tsj is the structural reverberation time of the wall i [s]; c0 is the speed of sound in air [m/s]; f is the current frequency [Hz]; fref is the reference frequency [fref = 1000 Hz]. Generation of vibration on the source element Multiple hammer hits with approximately the same strength are given over an area of 1 m2 –2 m2 during a time period of 30 s. Performance of the measurement On each element (source and receiving plate) three (3) excitation positions and a twelve (12) transducer positions are be used. For each excitation position four (4) different pairs of transducer positions is used on each element. All positions are randomly distributed over the surface of the element, bu not symmetrical. The transducer positions and excitation points shall be arranged using the following minimum distances: · 0,5 m between excitation points and the test element boundaries; · 1,0 m between excitation points and the junction under test; · 1,0 m between excitation points and the associated transducer positions; · 0,25 m between transducer positions and the test element boundaries; · 0,5 m between the individual transducer positions. The maximum distance between transducer positions and the junction under test is 3,5 m. In each frequency band the measured velocity level shall be at least 10 dB higher than the background noise level. in any frequency band. If this is not fulfilled, corrections shall be applied as shown in EN ISO 140-3. The correction value must not exceed 1,3 dB. Measurement method to determine the structural reverberation time, Ts Ts is the structural reverberation time of a wall [s]. It represents the time that would be required for the velocity or acceleration level in a structure to decrease by 60 dB after the structure-borne sound source has stopped. The hammer excitation method is used. Different masses and materials are used for an impact hammer because different material leads to different excitations in frequency bands. Measurement and excitation points At least three excitation points shall be used on the test element. At least three transducer positions shall be used for each excitation point. The transducer positions and the excitation points shall be arranged using the following minimum distances: · 0,5 m between transducer positions and the test element boundaries; · 1 m between the excitation point and the associated transducer positions; · 0,5 m between the individual transducer positions. The measurement points shall be randomly distributed over the test element. BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 10/11 Annex 2 : Checking the measurement conditions TEST CASE : CASE 09 1. Weak coupling : the measured Kij may not be relevant due to strong coupling f(Hz) Path 1-3 Path 1-2 Path 1-4 Path 1-5 Path 2-6 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 2. Diffuse vibration fields : if the measured velocity level decreases by more than 6 dB over the allowed measurement area for any elemen of the tested junction, when the accelerometer is moved away from a stationary vibration source, then the measured Kij may not be relevant. f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 K13 Wall 1 Wall 3 NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K12 Wall 1 Floor 2 NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK OK OK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK OK OK NOK OK OK OK OK NOK OK OK OK K14 Wall 1 Wall 4 NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK OK OK NOK OK NOK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK NOK OK K15 Wall 1 Wall 5 NOK OK OK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK OK OK NOK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K26 Floor 2 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Floor 6 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 3. Background noise : in each frequency band the measured velocity level shall be at least 10 dB higher than the background noise level. f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 K13 Wall 1 Wall 1 NOK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK K12 Wall 1 Floor 2 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K14 Wall 1 Wall 4 NOK OK OK OK NOK NOK OK OK NOK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK K15 Wall 1 Wall 5 OK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK K26 Floor 2 NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK Floor 6 NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 11/11 Annex 2 : Checking the measurement conditions CASE 09 TEST CASE : 4. Number of modes in the 1/3 octave band, N : the mode count in 1/3 octave should be higher than 5 modes f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 Wall 1 1.7 2.1 2.7 3.3 4.2 5.3 6.7 8.3 10.5 13.4 16.7 20.9 26.7 33.4 41.7 52.6 66.8 83.5 Floor 2 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.8 3.5 4.4 5.6 7.1 8.8 11.3 14.1 17.6 22.2 28.2 35.3 Wall 3 1.3 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.2 4.0 5.1 6.4 8.1 10.3 12.8 16.0 20.5 25.7 32.1 40.4 51.3 64.2 Wall 4 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.6 4.6 5.7 7.2 9.1 11.4 14.2 18.2 22.8 28.4 35.8 45.5 56.9 Wall 5 1.7 2.1 2.7 3.3 4.2 5.3 6.7 8.3 10.5 13.4 16.7 20.9 26.7 33.4 41.7 52.6 66.8 83.5 Floor 6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.8 3.5 4.4 5.6 7.1 8.8 11.3 14.1 17.6 22.2 28.2 35.3 5. Modal overlap factor, M : for heavy element, it must be checked whether the modal overlap factor is at least unity at 250 Hz and higher f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 Wall 1 0.19 0.33 0.40 0.40 0.34 0.44 0.43 0.53 0.55 0.64 0.80 0.84 1.06 1.33 1.77 2.00 2.28 3.19 Floor 2 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.08 0.14 0.10 0.15 0.19 0.22 0.29 0.36 0.45 0.52 0.67 0.75 0.75 0.96 1.12 Wall 3 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.28 0.23 0.28 0.35 0.44 0.65 0.94 0.82 0.94 1.12 1.75 Wall 4 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.25 0.21 0.25 0.31 0.39 0.57 0.84 0.73 0.84 0.99 1.55 Wall 5 0.19 0.33 0.40 0.40 0.34 0.44 0.43 0.53 0.55 0.64 0.80 0.84 1.06 1.33 1.77 2.00 2.28 3.19 Floor 6 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.08 0.14 0.10 0.15 0.19 0.22 0.29 0.36 0.45 0.52 0.67 0.75 0.75 0.96 1.12 TEST 09 : 26/09/2007 f K13_09 K12_09 K14_09 K15_09 K26_09 [Hz] 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 [dB] [dB] [dB] [dB] [dB] 37,07301 27,59504 40,23715 15,66228 3,63145 34,63781 25,57177 34,85277 15,85486 3,688323 43,33232 29,79628 42,48431 17,05049 3,141527 42,99943 30,59027 38,54479 21,36238 4,574679 40,37715 25,11671 45,82327 24,15823 2,577123 46,05698 27,76468 39,36828 25,77364 6,26612 43,81147 27,7277 44,07769 29,44517 0,964651 51,4876 31,10385 51,99778 32,183 0,880538 50,85915 31,55191 55,62978 37,75474 2,928505 54,68621 32,53344 51,98667 38,48636 1,745038 56,27582 34,11644 55,9818 37,4406 1,785687 57,41255 33,97576 61,47023 40,19474 1,012255 56,35073 34,25283 62,70044 43,45698 0,509778 58,35451 34,7603 66,72415 46,56027 0,849353 58,53526 35,49304 63,85168 48,20786 0,915132 56,6816 33,55357 63,30938 48,84429 1,023038 59,90688 34,88012 63,03273 49,29765 2,602179 56,29162 35,48977 61,16124 49,26447 4,414387 Single valu49,3296 30,4979 49,4311 31,8665 2,52607 CSTC BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 WTCB Tel : (32) 2 7164211 Offices : B-1932 Sint-Stevens-Woluwe, Lozenberg 7 Page 1/9 www.bbri.be Measurement of the vibration reduction index Kij TEST CASE : Requested by : Wienerberger NV Test adress : CASE 05 Contact company : Luc Vasseur BBRI : B. Ingelaere Wienerberger NV Steenbakkersdam 10 in Beerse General informations Test name : Applied standard: Date test : Date report : Responsable test : Collaboration : Excitation source : Excitation type : K12, K13, K23 Pr EN 10848-1 and 4 02/02/2007 05/02/2007 Charlotte Crispin Lieven De Geetere Hammer Stationary structure-borne Junction informations Junction description : A T-junction with flexible interlayer: the vertical walls are made of bricks (type : Silentbrick, thickness : 0.14m) and interrupted by horizontal hollowcore slabs (floor 2). The resilient joint is placed between the slabs and wall 1. Junction lenght [m] : 4.17 Wall informations Wall 1 Designation ρ [kg/m³] Width [m] Length [m] Thickness d [m] Edyn [N/m²] μ Junction diagram Bricks 1108 4.2 2.8 0.14 5.60E+09 0.15 Floor 2 Hollow slabs 1575 4.4 4.2 0.20 2.60E+10 0.2 Wall 3 X Bricks 1108 4.4 2.6 0.14 5.60E+09 0.15 Sol béton 1000 3.0 2.1 0.14 1.10E+10 0.01 X X X Precast Bricks Bricks concrete 1108 1108 2300 4.4 4.2 4.35 2.6 2.8 4.16 0.14 0.14 0.2 5.60E+09 5.60E+09 2.60E+10 0.15 0.15 0.2 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 2/9 Measurement apparatus and tests cells TEST CASE : CASE 05 Test equipment Accelerometers : A real time analyser : Accelerometer calibrator : Excitation source : Computer + software : Dytran (sensitivity : 1000mV/g) 01dB Orchestra (8 channels), 01dB Symphonie (2 channels) B&K Type 4294 Hammer dBFA32 v4.8, dBBATI32 v4.8 Test cells and mounting description Test adress : Wienerberger NV Steenbakkersdam 10 in Beerse Mounting description : A T-junction with flexible interlayer: the vertical walls are made of bricks (type : Silentbrick, thickness : 0.14m) and interrupted by 4 horizontal hollowcore slabs. The resilient joint is placed between the slabs and wall 1. The resilient joint is a resinbonded rubber with a thickness of 0.01 m and a width of 0.14 m. Wall n°1 is plastered on the CEL1 side. BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 3/9 The structural reverberation time Ts TEST CASE : CASE 05 Wall 1 Floor 2 Wall 3 X X X X X 100 0.88 0.91 1.42 0.91 0.76 0.5 0.79 0.91 125 160 200 250 315 0.57 0.47 0.36 0.49 0.32 0.29 0.26 0.23 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.66 0.44 0.45 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.11 0.1 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.05 1.24 1.37 0.71 0.55 0.41 0.41 0.29 0.2 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.1 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.72 0.46 0.5 0.61 0.32 0.39 0.45 0.36 0.29 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.1 1.23 1.6 0.84 0.79 0.82 0.68 0.77 0.82 0.73 0.49 0.46 0.36 0.23 0.15 0.13 0.1 0.09 0.54 0.41 0.31 0.43 0.31 0.26 0.26 0.23 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.63 0.57 0.56 0.34 0.29 0.23 0.24 0.18 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.72 0.46 0.5 0.61 0.32 0.39 0.45 0.36 0.29 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.1 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 ηtot The total loss factor Wall 1 Floor 2 Wall 3 X 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 0.025 0.031 0.029 0.031 0.018 0.022 0.019 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.007 0.024 0.027 0.031 0.024 0.034 0.030 0.025 0.031 0.025 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.013 0.016 0.015 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.015 0.014 0.010 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.014 0.012 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.009 0.024 0.024 0.030 0.022 0.014 0.022 0.014 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 X 0.029 0.014 0.009 0.013 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.005 X 0.044 0.033 0.034 0.035 0.020 0.023 0.021 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.007 X 0.028 0.028 0.024 0.020 0.026 0.024 0.024 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.011 0.014 0.013 0.008 0.008 0.007 X 0.024 0.024 0.030 0.022 0.014 0.022 0.014 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 4/9 Kij for the transmission path 1- 2 : Result Kij CASE 05 TEST CASE : Direction averaged velocity level difference : Dvij,bid Test name : Test date : K12 Direction averaged velocity level difference 02/02/2007 60 50 Dvij [dB] 40 155.1 315.0 B [Nm]: 1.28E+06 1.73E+07 fci [Hz] : 202.5 78.4 n [1/Hz]: 0.07 0.04 10 Dv12 Dv21 Dv12 bid 2500 3150 4000 5000 2500 3150 4000 5000 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 100 0 160 18.1 125 11.8 20 Frequency [Hz] The vibration reduction index : Kij The vibration reduction index, Kij 30 25 20 15 10 5 Frequency [Hz] 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 0 250 24.2 35 200 Single value [dB] : 40 160 K12 21.3 18.3 21.9 19.7 20.7 19.9 21.1 22.6 25.2 27.4 29.0 32.3 34.2 35.8 37.1 37.9 38.3 39.8 125 Frequency [Hz] 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 45 100 ρ' [kg/m²] : Floor 2 Kij [dB] S [m²] : Wall 1 30 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 5/9 Kij for the transmission path 1- 3 : Result Kij CASE 05 TEST CASE : Direction averaged velocity level difference : Dvij,bid Test name : Test date : K13 Direction averaged velocity level difference 02/02/2007 60 50 Dvij [dB] 40 155.1 155.1 B [Nm]: 1.28E+06 1.28E+06 fci [Hz] : 202.5 202.5 n [1/Hz]: 0.07 0.06 10 Dv13 Dv31 Dv13 bid 2500 3150 4000 5000 2500 3150 4000 5000 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 100 0 160 11.2 125 11.8 20 Frequency [Hz] The vibration reduction index : Kij The vibration reduction index, Kij 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Frequency [Hz] 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 0 250 30.3 40 200 Single value [dB] : 45 160 K13 23.9 29.4 26.2 27.4 32.3 28.8 27.2 28.0 30.6 31.4 32.4 35.0 37.2 37.9 38.4 39.4 42.4 45.4 125 Frequency [Hz] 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 50 100 ρ' [kg/m²] : Wall 3 Kij [dB] S [m²] : Wall 1 30 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 6/9 Kij for the transmission path 2- 3 : Result Kij CASE 05 TEST CASE : Direction averaged velocity level difference : Dvij,bid Test name : Test date : K23 Direction averaged velocity level difference 02/02/2007 30 25 Dvij [dB] 20 315.0 155.1 B [Nm]: 1.73E+07 1.28E+06 fci [Hz] : 78.4 202.5 n [1/Hz]: 0.04 0.06 5 Dv23 Dv32 Dv23 bid 2500 3150 4000 5000 2500 3150 4000 5000 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 100 0 160 11.2 125 18.1 10 Frequency [Hz] The vibration reduction index : Kij The vibration reduction index, Kij 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Frequency [Hz] 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 0 250 11.5 16 200 Single value [dB] : 18 160 K23 16.4 17.7 15.9 16.5 15.5 12.2 12.6 12.1 8.3 8.8 9.2 8.1 9.9 8.0 8.5 9.6 13.9 11.3 125 Frequency [Hz] 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 20 100 ρ' [kg/m²] : Wall 3 Kij [dB] S [m²] : Floor 2 15 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 7/9 Annex 1 : MEASUREMENT METHODS Measurement method to determine the vibration reduction index, Kij General The vibration reduction index Kij expresses, in a way, the attenuation of the power flow through a junction. The draft prEN ISO 10848-1 to 4 gives a measurement method to obtain this index in laboratory. The principle of measurement for Kij is based on tis formula : The required quantities are the length of the junction lij [m], the direction averaged level difference [dB] and the equivalent absorption lengths ai [m] and aj [m]. All these quantities are obtained by vibration measurements with structure-borne excitation. is obtained from the mean value of the velocity level differences Dv,ij and Dv,ij. Dv,ij (Dv,ji) is the difference between the surface average velocity level of the wall i (j) and the wall j (i) when the wall i (j) is excited at several points. ai and ai are determined according to the measurement of the structural reverberation times Ts,i and Ts,j : Sj is the surface area of the wall j [m²]; Tsj is the structural reverberation time of the wall i [s]; c0 is the speed of sound in air [m/s]; f is the current frequency [Hz]; fref is the reference frequency [fref = 1000 Hz]. Generation of vibration on the source element Multiple hammer hits with approximately the same strength are given over an area of 1 m2 –2 m2 during a time period of 30 s. Performance of the measurement On each element (source and receiving plate) three (3) excitation positions and a twelve (12) transducer positions are be used. For each excitation position four (4) different pairs of transducer positions is used on each element. All positions are randomly distributed over the surface of the element, bu not symmetrical. The transducer positions and excitation points shall be arranged using the following minimum distances: · 0,5 m between excitation points and the test element boundaries; · 1,0 m between excitation points and the junction under test; · 1,0 m between excitation points and the associated transducer positions; · 0,25 m between transducer positions and the test element boundaries; · 0,5 m between the individual transducer positions. The maximum distance between transducer positions and the junction under test is 3,5 m. In each frequency band the measured velocity level shall be at least 10 dB higher than the background noise level. in any frequency band. If this is not fulfilled, corrections shall be applied as shown in EN ISO 140-3. The correction value must not exceed 1,3 dB. Measurement method to determine the structural reverberation time, Ts Ts is the structural reverberation time of a wall [s]. It represents the time that would be required for the velocity or acceleration level in a structure to decrease by 60 dB after the structure-borne sound source has stopped. The hammer excitation method is used. Different masses and materials are used for an impact hammer because different material leads to different excitations in frequency bands. Measurement and excitation points At least three excitation points shall be used on the test element. At least three transducer positions shall be used for each excitation point. The transducer positions and the excitation points shall be arranged using the following minimum distances: · 0,5 m between transducer positions and the test element boundaries; · 1 m between the excitation point and the associated transducer positions; · 0,5 m between the individual transducer positions. The measurement points shall be randomly distributed over the test element. BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 8/9 Annex 2 : Checking the measurement conditions TEST CASE : CASE 05 1. Weak coupling : the measured Kij may not be relevant due to strong coupling f(Hz) Path 1-2 Path 1-3 Path 2-3 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 2. Diffuse vibration fields : if the measured velocity level decreases by more than 6 dB over the allowed measurement area for any elemen of the tested junction, when the accelerometer is moved away from a stationary vibration source, then the measured Kij may not be relevant. f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 K12 Wall 1 Floor 2 NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK OK K13 Wall 1 Wall 3 OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK K23 Floor 2 Wall 3 OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK OK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK OK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK OK NOK OK NOK 3. Background noise : in each frequency band the measured velocity level shall be at least 10 dB higher than the background noise level. f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 K12 Wall 1 Wall 1 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK NOK OK NOK K13 Wall 1 Wall 3 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK K23 Floor 2 Wall 3 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 9/9 Annex 2 : Checking the measurement conditions CASE 05 TEST CASE : 4. Number of modes in the 1/3 octave band, N : the mode count in 1/3 octave should be higher than 5 modes f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 Wall 1 1.5 1.9 2.4 3.0 3.7 4.7 6.0 7.5 9.4 12.0 15.0 18.7 23.9 29.9 37.4 47.1 59.8 74.8 Floor 2 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.8 3.5 4.4 5.6 7.1 8.9 11.1 14.2 17.7 22.2 27.9 35.5 44.4 Wall 3 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.6 4.5 5.7 7.1 9.0 11.4 14.2 17.8 22.8 28.4 35.6 44.8 56.9 71.1 X 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.4 4.3 5.4 6.8 8.6 10.8 13.5 17.0 21.6 27.0 X 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.6 4.5 5.7 7.1 9.0 11.4 14.2 17.8 22.8 28.4 35.6 44.8 56.9 71.1 X 1.5 1.9 2.4 3.0 3.7 4.7 6.0 7.5 9.4 12.0 15.0 18.7 23.9 29.9 37.4 47.1 59.8 74.8 5. Modal overlap factor, M : for heavy element, it must be checked whether the modal overlap factor is at least unity at 250 Hz and higher f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 Wall 1 0.16 0.25 0.30 0.40 0.29 0.45 0.49 0.55 0.62 0.80 0.80 0.95 1.10 1.30 1.79 2.04 2.39 2.39 Floor 2 0.09 0.13 0.19 0.19 0.33 0.37 0.39 0.61 0.61 0.57 0.77 0.85 0.77 1.21 1.41 0.94 1.41 1.70 Wall 3 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.19 0.25 0.33 0.33 0.47 0.68 0.80 0.97 1.24 1.36 1.51 1.51 1.94 2.72 2.72 X 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.22 0.27 0.29 0.30 0.37 0.43 0.52 X 0.18 0.11 0.09 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.19 0.28 0.30 0.38 0.59 0.91 1.05 1.36 1.51 X 0.29 0.27 0.35 0.46 0.33 0.46 0.55 0.55 0.62 0.72 0.80 0.89 1.02 1.43 1.79 1.79 2.04 2.39 TEST 05 : 02/02/2007 f K13_05 K32_05 K12_05 [Hz] 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 [dB] [dB] [dB] 23,93754 16,38587 21,18282 29,41427 17,71427 18,23542 26,21946 15,85124 21,817 27,42195 16,51752 19,63195 32,31476 15,47308 20,64306 28,81169 12,17389 19,8123 27,17327 12,56521 21,076 27,9754 12,12886 22,54192 30,59347 8,304231 25,12265 31,37481 8,812806 27,37508 32,37581 9,211284 28,96226 35,01986 8,134929 32,23731 37,20003 9,930635 34,08314 37,9423 7,959277 35,72431 38,44117 8,521378 37,02642 39,4284 9,594514 37,81028 42,41976 13,87973 38,24224 45,35106 11,32873 39,77611 ingle valu30,3401 11,4802 24,1558 CSTC BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 WTCB Tel : (32) 2 7164211 Offices : B-1932 Sint-Stevens-Woluwe, Lozenberg 7 Page 1/8 www.bbri.be Measurement of the vibration reduction index Kij TEST CASE : CASE 06 (150 bars in the jacks and period of load of 1 week) Requested by : Wienerberger NV Test adress : Contact company : Luc Vasseur BBRI : B. Ingelaere Wienerberger NV Steenbakkersdam 10 in Beerse General informations Test name : Applied standard: Date test : Date report : Responsable test : Collaboration : Excitation source : Excitation type : K12, K13 Pr EN 10848-1 and 4 27/04/2007 03/05/2007 Charlotte Crispin Lieven De Geetere/ Nicolas Duprez Hammer Stationary structure-borne Junction informations Junction description : A T-junction with flexible interlayers: the vertical walls are made of bricks (type : Silentbrick, thickness : 0.14m) and interrupted by horizontal hollowcore slabs. A resilient joint is placed between the slabs and wall 1. Junction lenght [m] : 4.17 Wall informations Wall 1 Designation ρ [kg/m³] Width [m] Length [m] Thickness d [m] Edyn [N/m²] μ Junction diagram Bricks 1108 4.2 2.8 0.14 5.60E+09 0.15 Floor 2 Hollow slabs 1575 4.5 4.2 0.20 2.60E+10 0.2 Wall 3 X Bricks 1108 4.4 2.6 0.14 5.60E+09 0.15 Sol béton 1000 3.0 2.1 0.14 1.10E+10 0.01 X X X Precast Bricks Bricks concrete 1108 1108 2300 4.4 4.2 4.35 2.6 2.8 4.16 0.14 0.14 0.2 5.60E+09 5.60E+09 2.60E+10 0.15 0.15 0.2 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 2/8 Measurement apparatus and tests cells TEST CASE : CASE 06 (150 bars in the jacks and period of load of 1 week) Test equipment Accelerometers : A real time analyser : Accelerometer calibrator : Excitation source : Computer + software : Dytran (sensitivity : 1000mV/g) 01dB Orchestra (8 channels), 01dB Symphonie (2 channels) B&K Type 4294 Hammer dBFA32 v4.8, dBBATI32 v4.8 Test cells and mounting description Test adress : Wienerberger NV Steenbakkersdam 10 in Beerse Mounting description : A T-junction with flexible interlayers: the vertical walls are made of Silentbrick (thickness : 0.14m) and interrupted by 4 perpendicular hollowcore slabs. Wall n°1 is plastered on the CEL1 side. The resilient joint is placed between the slabs and wall 1. The resilient joint is a resinbonded rubber from CDM with a thickness of 0.01 m and a width of 0.14 m. A system of steel beams and pneumatic jacks loads the vertical walls with a pressure of 150 bars in the pneumatic jacks after a period of load (190 bars) of 1 week. BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 3/8 The structural reverberation time Ts TEST CASE : CASE 06 (150 bars in the jacks and period of load of 1 week) Wall 1 Floor 2 Wall 3 X X X X X 100 0.93 1.32 2.34 0.91 0.76 0.5 0.79 0.91 125 160 200 250 315 0.38 0.45 0.49 0.31 0.38 0.28 0.25 0.24 0.22 0.18 0.17 0.14 0.11 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 1.16 1.17 0.78 0.51 0.52 0.48 0.32 0.32 0.53 0.26 0.24 0.15 0.12 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.05 2.75 1.64 1.22 1.21 1.17 0.75 0.54 0.76 0.69 0.5 0.45 0.25 0.17 0.13 0.14 0.1 0.1 0.72 0.46 0.5 0.61 0.32 0.39 0.45 0.36 0.29 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.1 1.23 1.6 0.84 0.79 0.82 0.68 0.77 0.82 0.73 0.49 0.46 0.36 0.23 0.15 0.13 0.1 0.09 0.54 0.41 0.31 0.43 0.31 0.26 0.26 0.23 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.63 0.57 0.56 0.34 0.29 0.23 0.24 0.18 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.72 0.46 0.5 0.61 0.32 0.39 0.45 0.36 0.29 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.1 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 ηtot The total loss factor Wall 1 Floor 2 Wall 3 X 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 0.024 0.046 0.031 0.022 0.028 0.018 0.020 0.018 0.015 0.013 0.012 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.010 0.009 0.007 0.017 0.015 0.012 0.014 0.017 0.013 0.011 0.014 0.011 0.005 0.008 0.007 0.009 0.009 0.013 0.010 0.007 0.009 0.009 0.006 0.008 0.009 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.005 0.006 0.004 0.024 0.024 0.030 0.022 0.014 0.022 0.014 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 X 0.029 0.014 0.009 0.013 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.005 X 0.044 0.033 0.034 0.035 0.020 0.023 0.021 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.007 X 0.028 0.028 0.024 0.020 0.026 0.024 0.024 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.011 0.014 0.013 0.008 0.008 0.007 X 0.024 0.024 0.030 0.022 0.014 0.022 0.014 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 4/8 Kij for the transmission path 1- 2 : Result Kij TEST CASE : CASE 06 (150 bars in the jacks and period of load of 1 week) Direction averaged velocity level difference : Dvij,bid Test name : Test date : K12 Direction averaged velocity level difference 27/04/2007 50 45 40 35 Dvij [dB] 30 25 20 15 155.1 315.0 B [Nm]: 1.28E+06 1.73E+07 fci [Hz] : 202.5 78.4 n [1/Hz]: 0.07 0.04 10 Dv12 Dv21 5 Dv12 bid 2500 3150 4000 5000 2500 3150 4000 5000 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 100 0 160 18.7 125 Floor 2 11.8 Frequency [Hz] The vibration reduction index : Kij The vibration reduction index, Kij 20 15 10 5 Frequency [Hz] 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 0 250 21.3 25 200 Single value [dB] : 30 160 K12 16.3 16.9 19.1 20.2 17.6 21.5 21.2 21.0 21.2 23.6 22.3 23.1 27.9 28.0 27.6 28.3 31.2 31.7 125 Frequency [Hz] 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 35 100 ρ' [kg/m²] : Wall 1 Kij [dB] S [m²] : BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 5/8 Kij for the transmission path 1- 3 : Result Kij TEST CASE : CASE 06 (150 bars in the jacks and period of load of 1 week) Direction averaged velocity level difference : Dvij,bid Test name : Test date : K13 Direction averaged velocity level difference 27/04/2007 50 45 40 35 Dvij [dB] 30 25 20 15 155.1 155.1 B [Nm]: 1.28E+06 1.28E+06 fci [Hz] : 202.5 202.5 n [1/Hz]: 0.07 0.06 10 Dv13 Dv31 5 Dv13 bid 2500 3150 4000 5000 2500 3150 4000 5000 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 100 0 160 11.2 125 Wall 3 11.8 Frequency [Hz] The vibration reduction index : Kij The vibration reduction index, Kij 30 25 20 15 10 5 Frequency [Hz] 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 0 250 26.2 35 200 Single value [dB] : 40 160 K13 18.3 22.6 24.4 25.0 26.1 26.5 22.2 23.8 29.5 28.0 28.0 26.2 28.5 29.5 31.2 33.9 36.9 39.7 125 Frequency [Hz] 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 45 100 ρ' [kg/m²] : Wall 1 Kij [dB] S [m²] : BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 6/8 Annex 1 : MEASUREMENT METHODS Measurement method to determine the vibration reduction index, Kij General The vibration reduction index Kij expresses, in a way, the attenuation of the power flow through a junction. The draft prEN ISO 10848-1 to 4 gives a measurement method to obtain this index in laboratory. The principle of measurement for Kij is based on tis formula : The required quantities are the length of the junction lij [m], the direction averaged level difference [dB] and the equivalent absorption lengths ai [m] and aj [m]. All these quantities are obtained by vibration measurements with structure-borne excitation. is obtained from the mean value of the velocity level differences Dv,ij and Dv,ij. Dv,ij (Dv,ji) is the difference between the surface average velocity level of the wall i (j) and the wall j (i) when the wall i (j) is excited at several points. ai and ai are determined according to the measurement of the structural reverberation times Ts,i and Ts,j : Sj is the surface area of the wall j [m²]; Tsj is the structural reverberation time of the wall i [s]; c0 is the speed of sound in air [m/s]; f is the current frequency [Hz]; fref is the reference frequency [fref = 1000 Hz]. Generation of vibration on the source element Multiple hammer hits with approximately the same strength are given over an area of 1 m2 –2 m2 during a time period of 30 s. Performance of the measurement On each element (source and receiving plate) three (3) excitation positions and a twelve (12) transducer positions are be used. For each excitation position four (4) different pairs of transducer positions is used on each element. All positions are randomly distributed over the surface of the element, bu not symmetrical. The transducer positions and excitation points shall be arranged using the following minimum distances: · 0,5 m between excitation points and the test element boundaries; · 1,0 m between excitation points and the junction under test; · 1,0 m between excitation points and the associated transducer positions; · 0,25 m between transducer positions and the test element boundaries; · 0,5 m between the individual transducer positions. The maximum distance between transducer positions and the junction under test is 3,5 m. In each frequency band the measured velocity level shall be at least 10 dB higher than the background noise level. in any frequency band. If this is not fulfilled, corrections shall be applied as shown in EN ISO 140-3. The correction value must not exceed 1,3 dB. Measurement method to determine the structural reverberation time, Ts Ts is the structural reverberation time of a wall [s]. It represents the time that would be required for the velocity or acceleration level in a structure to decrease by 60 dB after the structure-borne sound source has stopped. The hammer excitation method is used. Different masses and materials are used for an impact hammer because different material leads to different excitations in frequency bands. Measurement and excitation points At least three excitation points shall be used on the test element. At least three transducer positions shall be used for each excitation point. The transducer positions and the excitation points shall be arranged using the following minimum distances: · 0,5 m between transducer positions and the test element boundaries; · 1 m between the excitation point and the associated transducer positions; · 0,5 m between the individual transducer positions. The measurement points shall be randomly distributed over the test element. BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 7/8 Annex 2 : Checking the measurement conditions TEST CASE : CASE 06 (150 bars in the jacks and period of load of 1 week) 1. Weak coupling : the measured Kij may not be relevant due to strong coupling f(Hz) Path 1-2 Path 1-3 Path 2-3 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 2. Diffuse vibration fields : if the measured velocity level decreases by more than 6 dB over the allowed measurement area for any elemen of the tested junction, when the accelerometer is moved away from a stationary vibration source, then the measured Kij may not be relevant. f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 K12 Wall 1 Floor 2 NOK OK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK OK OK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK OK OK K13 Wall 1 Wall 3 NOK NOK NOK OK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK OK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK OK OK OK OK OK OK NOK NOK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK NOK OK K23 Floor 2 Wall 3 OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK OK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK OK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK OK NOK OK NOK 3. Background noise : in each frequency band the measured velocity level shall be at least 10 dB higher than the background noise level. f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 K12 Wall 1 Wall 1 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K13 Wall 1 Wall 3 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K23 Floor 2 Wall 3 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 8/8 Annex 2 : Checking the measurement conditions TEST CASE : CASE 06 (150 bars in the jacks and period of load of 1 week) 4. Number of modes in the 1/3 octave band, N : the mode count in 1/3 octave should be higher than 5 modes f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 Wall 1 1.5 1.9 2.4 3.0 3.7 4.7 6.0 7.5 9.4 12.0 15.0 18.7 23.9 29.9 37.4 47.1 59.8 74.8 Floor 2 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.9 3.7 4.6 5.8 7.3 9.2 11.4 14.7 18.3 22.9 28.8 36.6 45.8 Wall 3 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.6 4.5 5.7 7.1 9.0 11.4 14.2 17.8 22.8 28.4 35.6 44.8 56.9 71.1 X 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.4 4.3 5.4 6.8 8.6 10.8 13.5 17.0 21.6 27.0 X 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.6 4.5 5.7 7.1 9.0 11.4 14.2 17.8 22.8 28.4 35.6 44.8 56.9 71.1 X 1.5 1.9 2.4 3.0 3.7 4.7 6.0 7.5 9.4 12.0 15.0 18.7 23.9 29.9 37.4 47.1 59.8 74.8 5. Modal overlap factor, M : for heavy element, it must be checked whether the modal overlap factor is at least unity at 250 Hz and higher f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 Wall 1 0.15 0.38 0.32 0.29 0.46 0.38 0.51 0.57 0.60 0.65 0.80 0.84 1.02 1.30 1.79 2.04 2.39 2.39 Floor 2 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.11 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.27 0.27 0.17 0.34 0.36 0.58 0.73 1.25 1.25 1.09 1.75 Wall 3 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.18 0.25 0.18 0.20 0.27 0.30 0.54 0.80 1.05 0.97 1.36 1.36 X 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.22 0.27 0.29 0.30 0.37 0.43 0.52 X 0.18 0.11 0.09 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.19 0.28 0.30 0.38 0.59 0.91 1.05 1.36 1.51 X 0.29 0.27 0.35 0.46 0.33 0.46 0.55 0.55 0.62 0.72 0.80 0.89 1.02 1.43 1.79 1.79 2.04 2.39 TEST 06 : 08/03/2007 10 bars 50 bars f K13_06_10 K32_06_10 K12_06_10 f K13_06_50 K32_06_50 K12_06_50 f [Hz] 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 [dB] [dB] [dB] [dB] [dB] [dB] Single value 43,63787665 37,53735565 [Hz] 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 30,4276243 25,20794193 Single value 25,95138063 26,43858274 15,23138681 18,76163778 24,95679548 28,75703244 34,4290867 19,41559968 19,14567372 23,02730115 32,15057456 22,37309799 27,02585543 24,00769171 25,33265951 23,96444331 33,85881067 30,71836739 31,48897027 27,09497638 26,94171619 28,18050262 33,04682325 33,01263857 33,13431208 29,1765128 33,2577886 33,26809798 35,16410614 38,49293772 40,90081643 33,35594303 36,48712837 37,46781893 TEST 06 : 16/04/2007 100 bars 41,4458919 37,3436919 [Hz] 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 28,11484912 23,90951351 Single value 19,99751053 22,90849157 14,29938899 17,72792351 27,04749375 26,30376141 32,2113551 19,10622981 20,58401837 19,34078325 28,37164241 21,64718529 23,49794114 22,0431645 24,18120308 24,96981634 30,64989582 30,52304374 30,0406514 25,60709743 24,55397153 26,52037692 29,78816582 30,52264462 31,05854059 27,38519015 30,70828021 30,41492683 33,2484406 36,58925092 40,4744266 31,99609979 34,43043275 36,82204866 K13_06_100 K32_06_100 [dB] [dB] 150 bars 225 bars K12_06_100 f K13_06_150 K32_06_150 K12_06_150 f K13_06_225 K32_06_225 K12_06_225 [dB] [dB] [dB] [dB] [dB] [dB] [dB] 18,0678502 21,57215574 14,41147 14,56919243 15,4165184 16,13233762 20,06351906 24,05586984 27,12238121 12,7601982 12,14626188 13,49250335 17,39005544 18,45095963 19,85494274 27,64826115 22,44848611 23,64518619 14,23055138 13,96726271 13,31281309 21,68692157 21,38060289 22,33831111 27,88232113 28,53509051 27,36337753 13,08305714 14,40586772 13,44926102 22,7763608 24,14373936 25,95409928 28,00527259 29,23650918 29,91108591 12,4973033 10,96523498 8,457059133 25,83584569 26,77394765 25,82299123 31,34520608 36,19867271 38,55556515 7,833592228 11,30053005 17,55617321 26,63540294 29,44269101 30,78044515 40,11509227 34,00950785 [Hz] 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 26,010168 21,80679647 Single value 14,50854351 21,47307794 14,28594303 17,00562229 24,4672568 24,86838879 26,06227433 15,23149985 18,4823345 18,03226548 27,37999246 20,72672219 20,5190646 20,01336529 20,77064745 21,57867838 28,4460562 29,49137367 28,37564044 24,00004879 23,43383518 25,06193629 28,22199932 29,84149861 29,56287674 24,88805689 28,47245001 29,15670902 30,57206389 35,00953423 38,48010488 28,21560001 31,37451998 33,69674668 Avec charge appliquée sur la paroi 3 33,4023898 32,76974317 [Hz] 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 25,39478238 21,60552775 Single value 16,74088123 22,97875737 13,08551839 16,76461484 22,65173466 23,75733238 25,67292355 16,72066067 20,38354355 16,21841454 25,44971906 20,19098953 22,36418465 19,0608328 22,86769565 21,34297059 28,25948888 28,34710485 27,18858097 24,0657782 22,69974306 23,22188473 27,32271752 27,44083993 27,31423547 24,58888666 28,14063819 28,05340484 29,3315068 33,08568585 35,34237621 27,49715447 31,09388546 32,57769395 38,85454548 15,11880732 30,76397111 26,30069403 13,39832018 22,49130923 CSTC BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 WTCB Tel : (32) 2 7164211 Offices : B-1932 Sint-Stevens-Woluwe, Lozenberg 7 Page 1/8 www.bbri.be Measurement of the vibration reduction index Kij TEST CASE : CASE 07 (with 150 bars in the pneumatic jacks) Requested by : Wienerberger NV Test adress : Contact company : Luc Vasseur BBRI : B. Ingelaere Wienerberger NV Steenbakkersdam 10 in Beerse General informations Test name : Applied standard: Date test : Date report : Responsable test : Collaboration : Excitation source : Excitation type : K12, K13 Pr EN 10848-1 and 4 16/05/2007 21/05/2007 Charlotte Crispin Debby Wuyts/ Nicolas Duprez Hammer Stationary structure-borne Junction informations Junction description : A T-junction with two flexible interlayers : the vertical walls are made of bricks (thickness : 0.14m) and they are interrupted by horizontal hollowcore slabs. Resilient joints are placed between the slabs and the walls. Junction lenght [m] : 4.17 Wall informations Wall 1 Designation ρ [kg/m³] Width [m] Length [m] Thickness d [m] Edyn [N/m²] μ Junction diagram Bricks 1108 4.2 2.8 0.14 5.60E+09 0.15 Floor 2 Hollow slabs 1575 4.5 4.2 0.20 2.60E+10 0.2 Wall 3 X Bricks 1108 4.4 2.6 0.14 5.60E+09 0.15 Sol béton 1000 3.0 2.1 0.14 1.10E+10 0.01 X X X Precast Bricks Bricks concrete 1108 1108 2300 4.4 4.2 4.35 2.6 2.8 4.16 0.14 0.14 0.2 5.60E+09 5.60E+09 2.60E+10 0.15 0.15 0.2 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 2/8 Measurement apparatus and tests cells TEST CASE : CASE 07 (with 150 bars in the pneumatic jacks) Test equipment Accelerometers : A real time analyser : Accelerometer calibrator : Excitation source : Computer + software : Dytran (sensitivity : 1000mV/g) 01dB Orchestra (8 channels), 01dB Symphonie (2 channels) B&K Type 4294 Hammer dBFA32 v4.8, dBBATI32 v4.8 Test cells and mounting description Test adress : Wienerberger NV Steenbakkersdam 10 in Beerse Mounting description : A T-junction with two flexible interlayers: the vertical walls are made of Silentbrick (thickness : 0.14m) and they are interrupted by 4 perpendicular hollowcore slabs. Wall n°1 is plastered on the CEL1 side. A resilient joint is placed between the slabs and wall 1. The other is placed between the slabs and wall 3. The resilient joint is a resinbonded rubber from CDM with a thickness of 0.01 m and a width of 0.14 m. A system of steel beams and pneumatic jacks loads the vertical walls to simulate different storeys. BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 3/8 The structural reverberation time Ts TEST CASE : CASE 07 (with 150 bars in the pneumatic jacks) Wall 1 Floor 2 Wall 3 X X X X X 100 0.5 0.78 0.76 0.91 0.76 0.5 0.79 0.91 125 160 200 250 315 0.54 0.41 0.31 0.43 0.31 0.26 0.26 0.23 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.95 0.49 0.57 0.21 0.26 0.23 0.16 0.19 0.17 0.1 0.09 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.06 1.23 1.6 0.84 0.79 0.82 0.68 0.77 0.82 0.73 0.49 0.46 0.36 0.23 0.15 0.13 0.1 0.09 0.72 0.46 0.5 0.61 0.32 0.39 0.45 0.36 0.29 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.1 1.23 1.6 0.84 0.79 0.82 0.68 0.77 0.82 0.73 0.49 0.46 0.36 0.23 0.15 0.13 0.1 0.09 0.54 0.41 0.31 0.43 0.31 0.26 0.26 0.23 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.1 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.63 0.57 0.56 0.34 0.29 0.23 0.24 0.18 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.72 0.46 0.5 0.61 0.32 0.39 0.45 0.36 0.29 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.1 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 ηtot The total loss factor Wall 1 Floor 2 Wall 3 X 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 0.044 0.033 0.034 0.035 0.020 0.023 0.021 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.028 0.019 0.028 0.019 0.042 0.027 0.024 0.028 0.018 0.016 0.022 0.020 0.013 0.016 0.015 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.029 0.014 0.009 0.013 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.024 0.024 0.030 0.022 0.014 0.022 0.014 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 X 0.029 0.014 0.009 0.013 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.005 X 0.044 0.033 0.034 0.035 0.020 0.023 0.021 0.017 0.015 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.009 0.008 0.007 X 0.028 0.028 0.024 0.020 0.026 0.024 0.024 0.018 0.019 0.021 0.020 0.020 0.011 0.014 0.013 0.008 0.008 0.007 X 0.024 0.024 0.030 0.022 0.014 0.022 0.014 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.010 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 4/8 Kij for the transmission path 1- 2 : Result Kij TEST CASE : CASE 07 (with 150 bars in the pneumatic jacks) Direction averaged velocity level difference : Dvij,bid Test name : Test date : K12 Direction averaged velocity level difference 16/05/2007 45 40 35 Dvij [dB] 30 25 20 15 Wall 1 Floor 2 S [m²] : 11.8 18.7 ρ' [kg/m²] : 155.1 315.0 B [Nm]: 1.28E+06 1.73E+07 fci [Hz] : 202.5 78.4 n [1/Hz]: 0.07 0.04 10 Dv12 Dv21 5 Dv12 bid 2500 3150 4000 5000 2500 3150 4000 5000 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 160 125 100 0 Frequency [Hz] The vibration reduction index : Kij The vibration reduction index, Kij 20 15 10 5 Frequency [Hz] 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 0 160 18.6 25 125 Single value [dB] : 30 100 K12 12.7 15.4 19.9 17.0 17.9 18.9 17.4 19.3 18.7 18.6 20.1 19.2 21.4 23.7 25.3 27.3 28.1 29.3 Kij [dB] Frequency [Hz] 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 35 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 5/8 Kij for the transmission path 1- 3 : Result Kij TEST CASE : CASE 07 (with 150 bars in the pneumatic jacks) Direction averaged velocity level difference : Dvij,bid Test name : Test date : K13 Direction averaged velocity level difference 16/05/2007 70 60 Dvij [dB] 50 20 155.1 155.1 B [Nm]: 1.28E+06 1.28E+06 fci [Hz] : 202.5 202.5 n [1/Hz]: 0.07 0.06 Dv13 10 Dv31 Dv13 bid 2500 3150 4000 5000 2500 3150 4000 5000 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 250 200 100 0 160 11.2 125 Wall 3 11.8 Frequency [Hz] The vibration reduction index : Kij The vibration reduction index, Kij 30 20 10 Frequency [Hz] 2000 1600 1250 1000 800 630 500 400 315 0 250 35.0 40 200 Single value [dB] : 50 160 K13 15.7 20.6 28.8 27.0 31.8 35.2 30.6 30.9 37.6 40.5 39.0 42.2 43.5 47.5 49.3 51.2 53.4 53.8 125 Frequency [Hz] 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 60 100 ρ' [kg/m²] : Wall 1 30 Kij [dB] S [m²] : 40 BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 6/8 Annex 1 : MEASUREMENT METHODS Measurement method to determine the vibration reduction index, Kij General The vibration reduction index Kij expresses, in a way, the attenuation of the power flow through a junction. The draft prEN ISO 10848-1 to 4 gives a measurement method to obtain this index in laboratory. The principle of measurement for Kij is based on tis formula : The required quantities are the length of the junction lij [m], the direction averaged level difference [dB] and the equivalent absorption lengths ai [m] and aj [m]. All these quantities are obtained by vibration measurements with structure-borne excitation. is obtained from the mean value of the velocity level differences Dv,ij and Dv,ij. Dv,ij (Dv,ji) is the difference between the surface average velocity level of the wall i (j) and the wall j (i) when the wall i (j) is excited at several points. ai and ai are determined according to the measurement of the structural reverberation times Ts,i and Ts,j : Sj is the surface area of the wall j [m²]; Tsj is the structural reverberation time of the wall i [s]; c0 is the speed of sound in air [m/s]; f is the current frequency [Hz]; fref is the reference frequency [fref = 1000 Hz]. Generation of vibration on the source element Multiple hammer hits with approximately the same strength are given over an area of 1 m2 –2 m2 during a time period of 30 s. Performance of the measurement On each element (source and receiving plate) three (3) excitation positions and a twelve (12) transducer positions are be used. For each excitation position four (4) different pairs of transducer positions is used on each element. All positions are randomly distributed over the surface of the element, bu not symmetrical. The transducer positions and excitation points shall be arranged using the following minimum distances: · 0,5 m between excitation points and the test element boundaries; · 1,0 m between excitation points and the junction under test; · 1,0 m between excitation points and the associated transducer positions; · 0,25 m between transducer positions and the test element boundaries; · 0,5 m between the individual transducer positions. The maximum distance between transducer positions and the junction under test is 3,5 m. In each frequency band the measured velocity level shall be at least 10 dB higher than the background noise level. in any frequency band. If this is not fulfilled, corrections shall be applied as shown in EN ISO 140-3. The correction value must not exceed 1,3 dB. Measurement method to determine the structural reverberation time, Ts Ts is the structural reverberation time of a wall [s]. It represents the time that would be required for the velocity or acceleration level in a structure to decrease by 60 dB after the structure-borne sound source has stopped. The hammer excitation method is used. Different masses and materials are used for an impact hammer because different material leads to different excitations in frequency bands. Measurement and excitation points At least three excitation points shall be used on the test element. At least three transducer positions shall be used for each excitation point. The transducer positions and the excitation points shall be arranged using the following minimum distances: · 0,5 m between transducer positions and the test element boundaries; · 1 m between the excitation point and the associated transducer positions; · 0,5 m between the individual transducer positions. The measurement points shall be randomly distributed over the test element. BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 7/8 Annex 2 : Checking the measurement conditions TEST CASE : CASE 07 (with 150 bars in the pneumatic jacks) 1. Weak coupling : the measured Kij may not be relevant due to strong coupling f(Hz) Path 1-2 Path 1-3 Path 2-3 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 2. Diffuse vibration fields : if the measured velocity level decreases by more than 6 dB over the allowed measurement area for any elemen of the tested junction, when the accelerometer is moved away from a stationary vibration source, then the measured Kij may not be relevant. f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 K12 Wall 1 Floor 2 NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK OK NOK NOK OK NOK OK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK K13 Wall 1 Wall 3 NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK NOK OK OK OK OK OK NOK OK OK NOK NOK OK OK OK NOK NOK OK K23 Floor 2 Wall 3 OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK OK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK NOK NOK NOK OK OK NOK NOK NOK NOK OK OK NOK OK NOK 3. Background noise : in each frequency band the measured velocity level shall be at least 10 dB higher than the background noise level. f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 K12 Wall 1 Wall 1 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK K13 Wall 1 Wall 3 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK OK NOK K23 Floor 2 Wall 3 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK BELGIAN BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE INSTITUTION RECOGNIZED BY APPLICATION OF THE DECREE-LAW OF THE 30th OF JANUARY 1947 Page 8/8 Annex 2 : Checking the measurement conditions TEST CASE : CASE 07 (with 150 bars in the pneumatic jacks) 4. Number of modes in the 1/3 octave band, N : the mode count in 1/3 octave should be higher than 5 modes f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 Wall 1 1.5 1.9 2.4 3.0 3.7 4.7 6.0 7.5 9.4 12.0 15.0 18.7 23.9 29.9 37.4 47.1 59.8 74.8 Floor 2 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.9 3.7 4.6 5.8 7.3 9.2 11.4 14.7 18.3 22.9 28.8 36.6 45.8 Wall 3 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.6 4.5 5.7 7.1 9.0 11.4 14.2 17.8 22.8 28.4 35.6 44.8 56.9 71.1 X 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.4 4.3 5.4 6.8 8.6 10.8 13.5 17.0 21.6 27.0 X 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.6 4.5 5.7 7.1 9.0 11.4 14.2 17.8 22.8 28.4 35.6 44.8 56.9 71.1 X 1.5 1.9 2.4 3.0 3.7 4.7 6.0 7.5 9.4 12.0 15.0 18.7 23.9 29.9 37.4 47.1 59.8 74.8 5. Modal overlap factor, M : for heavy element, it must be checked whether the modal overlap factor is at least unity at 250 Hz and higher f(Hz) 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 Wall 1 0.29 0.27 0.35 0.46 0.33 0.46 0.55 0.55 0.62 0.72 0.80 0.89 1.02 1.43 1.79 1.79 2.04 2.39 Floor 2 0.11 0.09 0.18 0.15 0.42 0.34 0.38 0.55 0.46 0.52 0.88 0.97 0.80 1.25 1.46 0.97 1.25 1.46 Wall 3 0.18 0.11 0.09 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.19 0.28 0.30 0.38 0.59 0.91 1.05 1.36 1.51 X 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.16 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.22 0.22 0.27 0.29 0.30 0.37 0.43 0.52 X 0.18 0.11 0.09 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.19 0.28 0.30 0.38 0.59 0.91 1.05 1.36 1.51 X 0.29 0.27 0.35 0.46 0.33 0.46 0.55 0.55 0.62 0.72 0.80 0.89 1.02 1.43 1.79 1.79 2.04 2.39 2D 2C 1B 1A dragende vloer 18 cm Beton ZONDER ZWEVENDE VLOER (metingen van 22/10/2007) DnT [dB] Freq. (Hz) 2D/2C 50 26,5 63 38,2 80 37,3 100 36,8 125 31,2 160 34,1 200 35,2 250 38,6 315 42,1 400 47,6 500 48,9 630 48,7 800 49,7 1000 52,9 1250 55,4 1600 58,9 2000 63,0 2500 63,9 3150 64,8 4000 66,6 5000 70,4 DnT,w(C;Ctr) 50(-1;-5) 2D/1B 29,3 28,8 31,9 32,8 40,4 32,6 37,5 42,7 45,7 48,0 48,4 51,2 54,2 55,5 58,0 61,3 67,4 69,6 72,1 74,4 75,4 52(-1;-6) 2D/1A 36,1 49,2 53,9 49,5 45,5 45,5 46,6 51,0 52,2 53,2 54,9 54,8 58,3 59,5 63,0 65,0 69,5 72,2 74,7 77,6 78,3 59(-1;-4) 2C/2D 19,9 36,4 40,7 38,7 32,2 35,0 33,9 39,5 47,0 48,9 49,5 53,1 54,5 56,8 57,8 62,0 64,7 64,6 66,3 67,7 71,2 52(-2;-7) 2C/1A 32,3 31,7 38,3 39,4 41,6 31,0 39,5 42,7 48,2 49,5 52,2 54,6 56,5 59,1 62,9 65,2 69,1 71,4 74,9 77,2 78,1 54(-3;-7) 2C/1B 36,5 40,8 46,2 48,0 49,0 42,1 41,6 50,1 55,5 53,5 54,4 58,4 60,3 61,9 66,3 67,4 72,1 74,5 78,2 81,3 81,6 59(-1;-5) dragende vloer 18 cm Beton MET ZWEVENDE VLOER (metingen van 18/12/2007) sonfloor 30mm & dekvloer 96 kg/m² DnT [dB] L'nT [dB] was: winst: 54(-3;-7) 7 52(-2;-7) 1 59(-1;-5) 6 cursief = WTCB meting 50(-1;-5) 4 58(-1.-4) 59(-1;-4) 6 52(-1;-6) 6 horizontaa l beneden vertikaal diagonaal horizontaa l boven diagonaal horizontaa l boven vertkaal Freq. (Hz) 2C/1A 2C/2D 2C/1B 2D/2C 2D/1A 2D/1B 1B/2D 1B/2C 1B/1A 1A/2C 1A/2D 1A/1B 50 25,8 22,4 27,9 21,5 42,2 32,7 25,0 25,9 19,8 30,7 44,7 31,2 63 23,0 30,5 38,5 27,8 33,4 19,2 18,4 37,2 43,2 26,5 43,1 37,6 80 40,2 45,0 42,3 35,5 51,5 30,9 40,2 43,0 46,6 36,3 56,2 41,2 100 43,1 35,1 43,6 36,1 45,7 33,8 42,5 47,6 42,8 41,4 46,2 37,7 125 45,4 32,6 51,2 32,1 50,8 40,9 45,3 52,0 29,0 47,7 50,5 29,6 160 44,1 36,7 50,6 38,2 48,1 32,5 38,9 50,6 47,9 45,4 49,2 46,3 200 47,1 35,9 45,3 37,5 47,6 42,3 43,9 50,4 45,1 48,7 50,4 45,4 250 51,6 39,2 52,7 38,5 56,2 49,2 43,4 53,3 50,9 47,4 54,7 50,9 315 52,9 43,9 58,7 45,4 58,4 54,9 57,8 64,2 54,7 56,3 60,6 55,3 400 53,8 49,0 58,4 52,1 59,9 56,8 60,0 65,8 58,3 60,1 62,5 58,6 500 56,8 51,4 61,6 53,5 58,6 54,5 61,5 65,2 59,4 60,4 65,2 58,8 630 61,4 54,3 64,9 55,3 62,3 60,2 65,6 68,5 59,4 64,6 67,0 59,3 800 65,9 54,5 68,0 55,7 68,1 65,9 68,5 71,9 60,7 68,4 67,5 60,8 1000 69,4 57,2 70,9 59,1 71,7 69,5 70,5 74,7 62,9 71,2 71,1 64,2 1250 70,4 57,7 74,8 56,9 73,8 70,5 69,4 77,0 67,0 70,1 71,7 66,9 1600 72,6 62,8 76,7 64,1 76,6 74,4 72,0 78,4 68,0 71,6 73,6 69,3 2000 75,7 65,8 80,0 66,1 78,3 78,8 76,9 81,2 71,2 73,3 75,2 71,8 2500 77,1 64,8 81,7 64,6 80,5 80,7 78,9 82,6 72,4 74,6 77,9 73,8 3150 81,4 64,3 85,9 65,3 84,9 85,6 83,6 87,2 76,9 79,2 82,5 78,1 4000 82,3 65,3 85,7 65,8 83,7 84,9 82,3 85,4 78,8 79,4 81,0 79,5 5000 80,8 68,9 82,1 68,8 80,2 81,2 78,0 80,6 77,0 76,3 76,5 76,4 DnT,w(C;Ctr) 61 (-1;-5) 53 (-3;-7) 65 (-3;-7) 54 (-3;-8) 65 (-2;-6) 58 (-5;-10) 61 (-4;-8) 68 (-2;-7) 60 (-6;-12) 63 (-2;-7) 67 (-2;-7) 60 (-6;-12) 55 (-1,-6) 5 Freq. (Hz) 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 5000 L'nT,w(Cl) 2C/1A 54,9 59,1 58,0 51,7 59,3 51,3 49,2 42,2 41,9 38,6 34,7 34,0 32,7 31,0 29,3 27,1 28,7 30,8 27,7 18,5 15,0 44(2)