CBMF Memo.qxp - Donna Esplen Design
Transcription
CBMF Memo.qxp - Donna Esplen Design
C B MF CANADIAN BROADCAST MUSEUM F O U N D AT I O N F O N D AT I O N DU MUSÉE CANADIEN DE LA RADIODIFFUSION C B MF CANADIAN BROADCAST MUSEUM F O U N D AT I O N F O N D AT I O N DU MUSÉE CANADIEN DE LA RADIODIFFUSION MISSION THE CBMF/FMCR WILL COLLECT, PRESERVE AND CELEBRATE THE HISTORY OF CANADIAN BROADCASTING. IT WILL CREATE REAL AND VIRTUAL PUBLIC SPACES IN WHICH TO LEARN ABOUT THE PROGRAMMING, THE PEOPLE, THE TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RADIO AND TELEVISION IN CANADA. TO A FULFILL ITS MISSION, THE FOUNDATION HAS THREE GOALS: To capture the unique contribution of Canadian broadcasting by collecting key aspects of broadcast programming, technology and business in Canada, and to ensure these artefacts are appropriately preserved for both archival and exhibition purposes and showcased in real and virtual spaces. provide public access and B Toservices in order to create an educational resource to explore the historical, industrial, technical and cultural importance of broadcasting. C To create national and regional alliances to facilitate archival and exhibition opportunities and to encourage Canada's broadcasting, production and new media industries to preserve their heritage for future generations. PAGE 2 0F 16 C B MF 9 August, 2012 John Traversy, Secretary General Canadian Radio-television & Telecommunications Commission Ottawa, ON K1A 0N2 CANADIAN BROADCAST MUSEUM F O U N D AT I O N F O N D AT I O N DU MUSÉE CANADIEN DE LA RADIODIFFUSION Dear Mr. Traversy: RE: APPLICATION 2012-0516-2, BCE INC. ON BEHALF OF ASTRAL MEDIA INC. 1 The Canadian Broadcast Museum Foundation/Fondation du musée canadien de la radiodiffusion (CBMF/FMCR) is taking this opportunity to register with the Commission its support for the above-noted application. The Commission's July 10th announcement acknowledges that intervenors "may wish to discuss the proposed benefits package in terms of incrementality, acceptability, and could request alternative proposals with respect to any benefits that may be found to be unacceptable to the Commission." The CBMF/FMCR is hereby responding to that opportunity because of its interest in being included in the Public Benefits package in the event that the Commission should mandate that changes to its allocation should be made. 2 The CBMF/FMCR was federally incorporated on January 3, 2001 and granted charitable status by the Canada Revenue Agency on November 28, 2003. It is governed by a volunteer Board of Directors drawn from the broadcasting industry and the heritage sector across the country and is committed to the celebration of Canada's radio and television legacy, the assembly and preservation of the National Broadcast Collection which constitutes an essential and irreplaceable electronic record of the evolution of Canadian society. It now finds itself the only institution in the country exclusively devoted to the collection, preservation and celebration of Canada's broadcasting heritage. In the event that Bell takes its place as Canada's pre-eminent private broadcaster with approval of this application, it follows that, along with numerous radio stations and television channels, Bell also inherits an obligation to maintain the precedent set by CTV Inc.and other broadcasters in supporting Canada's principal radio and television heritage initiative. PAGE 3 0F 16 3 4 5 The arrival of radio and then television fundamentally changed the way Canadians observed and documented the life and times of the communities they served. Never before could the daily discourse and actions of the mighty as well as those of normal citizens be presented in the "first person", not filtered and edited as in newspapers, journals and books. This living record of who we are - what we do, what we think and how we act - the very fragments of the proof of our existence - have been captured, recorded, hoarded, stored, misfiled and forgotten over decades of thousands of hours of radio and television broadcasts. But many more thousands of hours of this precious heritage have evaporated, faded, erased, oxidized, crumbled to dust or been unceremoniously thrown into dumpsters as casualties of the exigencies of today's bottom line. Very little of this legacy has been formally curated by design. There has been no commitment to the preserving and storing of such audio-visual archives. Certainly there has been scarcely any institutional recognition of their historical value. They survive as personal memoirs and the guarded treasures of obsessive collectors. But, mainly, they survive through sheer neglect, at the back of closets and in dusty storage rooms, only to be rediscovered because of renovations or, most often, a death in the family. If someone remembers there is a Foundation, we may hear from them but, sadly, it's usually mentioned just in passing when someone recalls that a box of old tapes and pictures from the ‘50s had been picked up for waste disposal. 6 DISMANTLING THE CBC LP AND CD ARCHIVES DON MESSER’S JUBILEE There is a sad irony in the fact that the commonplace, the mundane, the so called ephemeral, are the true finds that are sought by archeologists digging through the detritus of past societies and civilizations - whether at the bottom of Mayan sacrificial wells or the volcanic ash layered over the ruins of Pompeii. Who were these people, how did they live, how did they interact with each other in the conduct of their daily lives? HOWDY-DOODY PAGE 4 0F 16 ART HOLMES RECORDING THE BLITZ FOR CBC RADIO 7 We have a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to create a legacy for Canadians that was not possible 100 years ago - the actual voices and images of Canadians at work, at play, facing the trials and tribulations of the Depression, two World Wars, the mechanization of the West, technological evolution, changes in fashion, the sea change of the Baby Boomers coming of age, the urbanization of Canada. We still have among us some of those who were born before we were forged as a nation at Vimy Ridge. But tempus fugit. We are losing the pioneers, the last chance to preserve the oral and visual record of the first person observations of the people who were there, the ones who lived through most of the century that Sir Wilfred Laurier stated "would belong to Canada". 8 9 RADIIO-CANADA JOURNALISTS IN MONTREAL THE ARMY SHOW RADIO CANADA AT WAR And we have much to learn from our history. PostConfederation, the CPR - and decades later the CNR provided the means to move people and goods east and west across vast distances, to create communities and develop the industrial infrastructure that would sustain them. Canadians had to make an important choice about taking on the cost of building a national railway system. There was a cheaper alternative - simply routing through the US - but our wise forbearers realized that an all-Canadian railway system would be fundamental to our existence as a nation. And many decades later, this same lesson came to the fore when it came time to build our microwave railway, from Victoria to Sydney - the longest TV network in the world - completed in 1958, adding Newfoundland in 1959, and delivering the key building block to the realization of the vision of John Aird for a domestic radio service to counter our absorption into the American radio system. In the years immediately following Confederation, Alexander Graham Bell began experimenting with acoustic telegraphy in Brantford, ON and in 1876 he provided the first demonstration that transmitting voice over distance by wire was possible. In 1880, the Bell Telephone Company of Canada was launched and, within decades, the telephone had captured the popular imagination in Canada. It is hardly surprising that, less than a century later, Canadians were spending more time on the phone than any other nationality. ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL PAGE 5 0F 16 10 DIAMOND JUBILEE BROADCAST-1927 11 Also driven to address the need for human communication was Quebec-born Reginald Fessenden who, unable to obtain investment by Canada, had moved away to perfect a new method of sending Morse code more effectively than had Marconi, and it was he who, in 1900, first wirelessly transmitted the sound of the human voice between two 50-foot towers. Radio had been born. By 1919, the Government of Canada had begun to license radio stations. Radio receivers quickly became a popular household feature, bringing news and entertainment into homes throughout the country. Its potential as a tool of citizenship became apparent and, at the instigation of a young Graham Spry, the celebration of Canada's Diamond Jubilee in 1927 featured the first coast-to-coast radio broadcast from Ottawa, carried by a network of 23 stations. In the next decade, Canada would evolve the elements of the broadcasting system that became the communications backbone of the nation with private and public stations providing daily news and public affairs, music and drama, quiz games (and hockey!) as well as special coverage of major national events. For the millions of listeners then living in rural or remote communities, radio became a lifeline and a leveler, substantially enhancing the quality of their lives at the same time as it expanded their knowledge of the country and the wider world. BERNARD DEROME, TELEJOURNAL 1974 12 Perhaps not surprisingly, it was hockey that first established Canadian radio with Canadian listeners. In the United States, Saturday night had become the weekly time to go to the movies so American radio networks paid little attention to their schedules for that evening. In Canada, there were far fewer movie theatres per capita and their distribution was spotty outside major urban centres. Add that to the exigencies of the climate and most Canadians opted to gather round the radio and listen to Foster Hewitt's "Saturday Night Hockey" that quickly became "Hockey Night in Canada". PAGE 6 0F 16 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PRIVATE RADIO 13 The private broadcasting sector has made incalculable contributions to Canada's broadcast heritage with radio pioneers such as Allan Waters, E.S (Ted) Rogers, Allan Slaight, Lloyd Moffat, Jack Kent Cooke, John Bassett, Jim Pattison, G.R.A. (Dick) Rice, Geoff Stirling, Gord Rawlinson and many others, who took a chance and put their entrepreneurial skills JOHN to work to create a Canadian broadcast industry that is the BASSETT envy of nations around the world. 14 RED ROBINSON - 1955 15 TED ROGERS ALLAN WATERS It was 1954 when a young teenaged boy in Vancouver discovered a new kind of music that would eventually be called 'rock and roll' and 'rhythm and blues'. He was 16 years old when he first went on the air at CJOR playing music for 'teenagers'. He's still doing it today. His name is Red Robinson. Red has been lauded for his outstanding accomplishments by induction in the Canadian Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame as well as many other others from the province of British Columbia and the city of Vancouver. Red's one of only three Canadian radio personalities to have been honoured by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio in 2005. Then there was Gordon Sinclair, the 'Godfather' of Canadian private radio commentators. The former globe trotting Toronto Star reporter's 'News and Views' at 11:50 Monday through Friday on CFRB Toronto was 'appointment radio' for over a million Southern Ontario listeners every day. Sinclair joined CFRB in 1943 and remained there until his death 40 years later. Gordon's daily commentary on June 5, 1973 praising America for its humanitarian works around the world and decrying the fact that the U.S. Red Cross was broke and nobody was offering a helping hand, became so popular that U.S. News & World Report published a full transcript. Gordon's editorial was released as a 45rpm in both Canada and the U.S. It was known as "The Americans" and became a million selling record in North America (when re-recorded by CKLW Windsor News Director Byron MacGregor). Gordon and Byron donated their entire proceeds from the sale of the record to the Red Cross. In 1981, U.S. President Ronald Reagan, during his first state visit to Canada, praised Sinclair for giving the United States an inspiring tribute in one of its darkest hours. "The Americans" was resurrected after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and again after Hurricane Katrina devastated the southern U.S. coast in 2005. GORDON SINCLAIR PAGE 7 0F 16 PUBLIC RADIO AND TELEVISION 16 Canadian public radio developed rapidly, with series like "Citizens' Forum" that ran for 26 years, adventures like "Carry on Canuck", "L for Lanky", "Ghostwalker" and "Fighting Navy" became enormously popular. Kids tuned in to listen to "Just Mary" or "Maggie Muggins", and "Woodhouse & Hawkins" pioneered Canadian radio comedy and "The Wayne and Shuster Show" quickly followed. "The Happy Gang" became a noontime treat in 1937 and lasted for decades. In Quebec, "Un Homme et son péché ", "Le Cabaret du soir qui penche", and "Caravane", drew large audiences to their radios, as did popular drama series like "La Bôite à Surprise", "La Pension Velder", "Vie de Famille", and "Le Curé du Village" and many more. These shows and hundreds like them from private radio could tell us a great deal about Canada in the 1930s and 40s … but, with a very few exceptions, they cannot because of the thousands of hours of programming produced in these years, only a very few still exist. WAYNE & SHUSTER / HAPPY GANG / FRUM & MAITLAND / BARBARA ANN SCOTT / BOBINO & BOBINETTE 17 In the early days of Canadian radio, preservation of programs was not considered a priority and its cultural significance was rarely recognized. In the post-war decades that followed, archiving of programs in private stations was random at best. At the CBC, some effort made to tuck away transcriptions or tape recordings of selected shows but, over time, much of this material has deteriorated. 18 Even more poorly represented are programs from the initial decades of Canadian television, the 1950's to the 1980's. CTV has undertaken gradually to digitize those elements of its news coverage that are still extant but little remains of the entertainment programs it carried during those years, most of which were licensed from independent producers. With respect to CBC/Radio-Canada, a 1994 study by Library and Archives Canada determined that, of all the programming produced by the Corporation in radio and TV from 1936-1984, only 166,000 hours (or 16%) had been retained. The rest has vanished or, in very rare instances, has been held in private collections in less than ideal environments. In 1998, CBC/SRC undertook an archival project at both network and regional levels with the result that, by the time the project concluded in 2003 about 50% of the material that had been retained was catalogued and preserved. FRAGGLE ROCK / THE FRIENDLY GIANT / MR. DRESSUP, CASEY & FINNEGAN / MY PET JULIETTE PAGE 8 0F 16 FAST FORWARD 19 20 It is 2017. Canadians from coast to coast to coast - those born here and those who have chosen to make Canada their home - are joining in the celebration of the 150th birthday of the world's second largest national land-mass. It is a celebration of achievement, of conquering distances and geographic and climatic challenges to weld a nation out of wilderness. And significantly, it is a celebration of our ability to harness the communications innovations of the late 19th and 20th centuries (telegraph, telephone, radio, television, satellites) to link distant and diverse regions and weave their peoples into a functioning political and social entity. So come 2017: we celebrate Canada's 150th birthday - but without access to more than 80 percent of the sound and moving image record of the last 100 years of our history. This national tragedy has occurred because Canada, alone among developed nations, has failed to address appropriately the preservation of its remarkable broadcasting heritage. PAGE 9 0F 16 LEARNING FROM OTHERS CANADA HAS MUCH TO LEARN FROM OTHER COUNTRIES THAT HAVE EXPLORED A RANGE OF PROCESSES AND PARTNERSHIPS TO ADDRESS THEIR INDIVIDUAL RADIO AND TELEVISION LEGACY REQUIREMENTS. A FEW INTERESTING EXAMPLES FOLLOW: 21 In Australia (pop: 22.6 million) , the National Film and Sound Archive (formerly ScreenSound Australia) receives an annual appropriation of $25 million and its 232 employees work with the broadcasters and filmmakers to collect, preserve and provide public access to that country's audio-visual heritage. 22 In France (pop: 65.4 million), l'Institut national de l'audiovisuel utilizes a budget of CAD $151 million and its 980 employees to support and add to its collection of 4 million hours of domestic radio and television programming, 750,000 of which are currently available online. Each year, new programming from 120 radio and television services are collected under legal deposit, adding some 800,000 hours annually to the national collection. 23 Even in smaller countries like Ireland, (pop: 4.5 million) the government this year increased the percentage of the annual TV licence fee that is to be devoted to archiving Irish broadcast programming. Seven percent of the licence fee revenue (or CAD $17.3 million) will now be dedicated to preservation, archiving and providing access to domestically produced radio and television programming and related artefacts, under the general supervision of the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland. PAGE 10 0F 16 24 In the United States (pop: 312 million) federal responsibility for broadcast heritage is assigned to the Library of Congress Packard Campus for Audio-Visual Conservation. This state-ofthe-art facility acquires, preserves and provides access to the world's largest and most comprehensive collection of films, television programs, radio broadcasts and sound recordings. It can preserve and migrate all audiovisual media formats (including obsolete formats dating back 100 years) and ensure their long-term safekeeping in a petabyte-level digital archive. 25 26 Dedicated Broadcast Museums, Sound and/or Image Archives are maintained in many other countries (India, Finland, Japan, New Zealand, Mexico, and several in the United States) where the electronic record of national history is acknowledged to be of lasting cultural significance. This same principle has now been embraced by both the United Nations and the European Union. In 2010, Irina Bokova, Director General of UNESCO, pointed out that "Audiovisual heritage is by nature fragile. UNESCO, in partnership with the Coordinating Council of Audiovisual Archive Associations, and heritage bodies around the world, has taken a leading role to preserve and share these ephemeral documents." She went on to note that "… savouring this heritage is conditional on its survival. The world's audiovisual heritage is endangered….Its disappearance would represent an irremediable impoverishment of the memory of the world." CHIEF DAN GEORGE / BRUNO GERUSSI / BRYAN ADAMS / CELINE DION / FRED PENNER / RAFE MAIR / YOUNG LLOYD ROBERTSON PAGE 11 0F 16 MEANWHILE, BACK IN CANADA..... 27 The CBMF/FMCR National Broadcast Collection With the diminished role of Library and Archives Canada's in collecting and digitizing historical Canadian broadcast elements and the accelerating disappearance of the technology needed to access early forms of analog media, the CBMF/FMCR developed the concept of the National Broadcast Collection for Canada, a diversified collection intended to include all of the identifiable broadcast materials currently resident in museums as well as public and private archives throughout the country. In the past several years, the Foundation has, despite playing a passive role, built its own component of the Collection: more than 36,000 items, with many thousands more waiting for sufficient resources to be gathered to make accessioning of additional material possible. 28 The intention is to create a national inventory of all these collections with content described using consistent metadata and eventually posted on the internet to guarantee national accessibility. This process will also make it possible to determine the condition of vulnerable elements (i.e. largely analog recordings) sothat priority for preservation can be determined. 29 The results of this undertaking, together with information about radio and television collections, will form the foundation for construction of a National Broadcast Heritage Internet Portal to be created as a permanent memorial to Canada's 150th birthday. It will document the last 100 years of this nation's radio and television legacy; post-2017, working with creators and the stations and networks who serve all elements of the diverse and energetic Canadian audience, it will utilize components of the CBMF/FMCR National Broadcast Collection to continue to celebrate the creative and technical achievements that will make it possible for them to communicate with each other in the decades to come. LEFT TO RIGHT: PIERRE BURTON PIERRE JUNEAU JACK WEBSTER FOSTER HEWITT KNOWLTON NASH PETER GZOWSKI TRINA MCQUEEN MAX FERGUSON PAGE 12 0F 16 A NEW PLAYER... A NEW ROLE 30 This application by BCE Inc. for authority to acquire effective control of Astral and its licensed broadcasting subsidiaries will, if approved, establish Bell Media with multiple holdings in radio, television and digital media. Bell has a rich and storied heritage from pioneering experiments with acoustic telegraphy in Brantford, Ontario to its lofty pre-eminence in global telecommunications. Cast in the same mold as Inventor-Entrepreneurs Thomas Alva Edison and Henry Ford, the legacy of Alexander Graham Bell is secure. 31 As BCE makes application to complete its transformation from a telecommunications-based corporation to Canada's most powerful broadcaster, that role will bring with it new responsibilities that have become part of Canadian regulatory tradition, one of the most critical of which is the Commission's system of public benefits attached by custom in exchange for non-competitive transfers of control of broadcast undertakings. As it seeks to expand and redefine its operations by adding "content" to "conduit", it is here that BCE can manifest a clear and respectful appreciation of an important industry with an equally rich and storied heritage that it hopes to enter. A favourable decision by the CRTC will, instantly, transform BCE into the nation's leading player in the multi-media multi-platform convergence arena. Because of the sheer size of the Astral purchase, much stands to be lost, especially at 83 local radio stations where community identification has been key to success. 32 We know from past experience that one of the greatest causes of loss of vintage broadcast artefacts is, in fact, transfers of ownership of broadcast undertakings. It is the natural tendency of new owners to 'clean house' - to clear the decks for new people and processes. Not surprisingly, they have little emotional attachment to or understanding of many of the personalities and programming elements that often mean a great deal to local audiences. Because of the sheer size of the Astral purchase, much stands to be lost, especially at 83 local radio stations where community identification has been key to success. It is our hope that, after this acquisition is approved, BellMedia will undertake to ensure that significant heritage elements identified are appropriately protected. The CBMF/FMCR, is, of course, prepared to accept these materials and assist in the transfer of ownership process. PAGE 13 0F 16 33 It has become convention for the Commission to expect public benefit funds to strengthen the broadcasting system and improve the quality of service it can offer to its audiences as well as to assist third parties who themselves make substantial contributions to such related activities as media education, minority representation and broadcast heritage. In fact, two of BellMedia's earlier acquisitions, CTV Inc. and CHUM Limited, were long-term partners of the CBMF/FMCR as a result of such benefits' commitments. In that spirit, the Foundation approached BCE in May of this year, requesting their consideration as a potential beneficiary of funds that will flow from this extraordinary transaction and suggesting the amount of $4 million over seven years. Heritage activities identified included the CBMF/FMCR National Broadcast Collection, the Oral History Collection, the Radio Days Archive, the Broadcast Hall of Fame program and archive, and on-going digitization of heritage materials … all of which are essential background to mounting CBMF/FMCR National Broadcast Heritage Internet Portal in 2017. 34 We note that Bell has proposed extending the term over which public benefit funds will be delivered from seven to ten years. Unless there are strong grounds on which to distinguish this application from other media acquisitions (e.g., Standard Broadcasting, CanWest Global, CTV Inc.), such a change will, in fact be precedent-setting and accomplish by an individual ruling attached to a specific acquisition what would more properly result from introduction of reasoned Commission policy. 35 We note that Bell's proposed non-programming public benefits relate primarily to: * * Funding for its existing multi-year initiative in support of mental health, Bell Let's Talk Day, and Funding for expansion of communications services including broadband video to remote communities in the far north. PAGE 14 0F 16 36 Bell is to be congratulated for its commitment to mental health and to the above-noted charitable initiative launched in 2010 for which it has already earmarked millions of dollars. Directing a portion of the regulated benefits from the Astral acquisition broadcasting transaction to an established corporate initiative, no matter how worthy, challenges the Commission's longstanding expectation of third-party - and broadcast-related direction. 37 There is no question that many of Canada's remote northern communities are currently under-served and lack the range of choice of services - communications and others - enjoyed by their southern cousins. In fact, the same can be said for many of the more southern rural environments where high-speed broadband access is not yet universally available. These marketing and service issues, dependent on geography and population density, became thoroughly familiar to the Commission during its decades of effort gradually to develop high-quality telephone service across Canada. 38 However, whether addressing this largely telecommunicationsbased equity challenge constitutes the proper application of broadcast-related public benefit funds - or whether it should more properly flow from other policy initiatives of the Commission or the Government of Canada - remains to us unclear. 39 In the event that the Commission considers that some reassignment of Bell's proposed public benefit funding should be undertaken, the CBMF/FMCR respectfully requests that it encourage BCE Inc to include broadcast heritage - and specifically our plan for creation of the National Broadcast Heritage Internet Portal - as an appropriate recipient. 40 The Foundation requests permission to appear at the forthcoming public hearing to provide additional information about the issues identified above. PAGE 15 0F 16 C A N A D I A N B R O A D C A S T M U S E U M F O U N D AT I O N F O N D AT I O N D U M U S É E C A N A D I E N D E L A R A D I O D I F F U S I O N B OARD OF D IRECTORS / C ONSEIL D ' ADMINISTRATION Douglas Thompson, Chair Writer/Producer, Toronto, ON David Taylor, Attractions Strategy Group Inc. Toronto, ON Robert Underwood, Treasurer Actra Fraternal Benefit Society Toronto, ON Thomas Curzon, Past Chair Broadcasting Communications, Toronto, ON Peter Herrndorf, Founding Chair NAC/CNA, Ottawa, ON Elmer Hildebrand, Golden West Broadcasting Altona, AB Marc Denis, Broadcaster/ Producer, Montreal, QC Valerie Pringle, Broadcaster Toronto, ON Pierre Racicot CBC Pensioners National Assoc. Ottawa, ON Art Reitmayer, Channel M Vancouver, B.C. Yours sincerely, "Red' Robinson, Broadcaster Vancouver, BC Duff Roman, Broadcaster Toronto, ON Lorraine Thomson, Producer Toronto, ON Kealy Wilkinson Executive Director H ONORARY D IRECTORS / C ONSEILLERS HONORAIRES c.c.: [email protected] Suite LL-1 1000 Yonge Street Toronto, ON M4W 2K2 Phone: 416-367-4772 Fax: 416-367-3504 Juliette Cavazzi Denise Donlon Michael Francis Felix (Fil) Fraser The Hon. Flora MacDonald Trina McQueen Knowlton Nash Gordon Pinsent Lloyd Robertson Senator Pamela Wallin Jim Waters PAGE 16 0F 16