www.cs.washington.edu - UW Robotics and State Estimation Lab

Transcription

www.cs.washington.edu - UW Robotics and State Estimation Lab
 !"#"$%&! '(!) *,+- ./
"$0* 12"345
$6 789(0:;!
< =@?BAC?EDF!GIH
>
JLK!MAN=OACPQAC?#GSRTUGWVYXPQAZ?ED\[&]E=@?^K!]B?3J_J_J
`(K!=bac?EDZMd=bAefGSRgGSK!Khjik?EDCVflSKme
<>G&]nACGSDClSoqp\r?IMd=@M
<(?I]B?IVtsu?^DwvExWxWy
!
"$#%'&)(+*-,/.%10321*-465%7.8#%1*3%14:9;27(+<=6.;9(?>@#BADC?%E5%1%798.(+9%'&F4G>H#(+<I>J>H#%$03<KK(+*3>L(NMO9<QP%7*-(+<0@K%1(SR
K=6%?T@U@&(?<=:.=64:,?%V>H(;5%1W+4695YXZ%\[IK*3%10-034:9W8P/X]A?KK*3%1274^AN>-4:(+9Z>-(;P/XZA?.QC4:03(+*'_`*3P469a`Tb*-%1Pc%1*30
A?9.d21(SReA?.QC460-(+*Ffg%103=:46%ihjTOklA?%7=:5=64:9WTjU'A?PmW+*HAS>H%7Mn<Q=oMn(+*'>H#%74:*$03<W+W+%703>H46(+90EA?9.dW+<46.BA?927%?T
"$#460/&(?*-,(!&)%10;Pp<2q#(?ME4G>H0p4690-K46*HAN>-4:(+9r>H(tsu(+=GMn*HA?Pva<*3WwA?*3.oTuUx9yPA?9wXu#(+<*30;(?MFMn*-<4G>-Mn<=
.460-21<Q0-0-46(+90z#%F&'A?0A?=6&ADX0z&F46=:=:469W{>H(|=:4603>-%19cA?9.WwADC+%VCNA?=6<BA?5=6%$0-<W?W+%10}>H4:(?901TL~%15BA?0}>H4:A?9Z"$#*3<9
#BA?.A?9€%19(?*-Pc(+<04:PcKBA?2\>(+9P‚Xƒ>H#469,Y4:9WT„U%10-K%1274^A?=6=6X…A?KK*3%1214:AN>H%†#460%19w>H#Y<034^A?03P AN9.
A?9BAN=6XY>H462DA?=QA?54:=646>xX?Tj_V0LMn*34:%79.=6X/21*346>H462107‡+s (+=GMn*HA?Pdˆ‰0@A?9.Z~I%15A?03>-4^A?9oˆ‰0z21(+PcP%79w>H0@#%7=:K%1.cP%EAi=:(?>
4:9ŠB9Q.4:9WcA;0-274:%79Y>-46ŠB2|A?KQK*-(wAN2q#d>-(8>-#%lK*-(?5=:%7P0$UA?..*3%10-03%1.oT
U@&(?<=:.A?=60-(p=64:,N%V>H(p>-#BA?9,ZA?=:=(?>-#%1*'Pc%1P/5%7*-0'(?Mg>-#%d‹-ŒF#4:9Q(/"
%DA?Pc‡AN9.%103K%7214^AN=:=6XZŽ462q#BA?%7=
a%7%7>HN‡'‘{46*-,u’pA?“ #9Q%1=”‡)‘iA?946%1=’V%19Q94:W‡)‘{4:*3,~2q#<Q=:?‡A?9.ys A?=6>-%1*c~>-%14:9Q%1*1‡LMn(+*p>-#%146*p0-K46*-4G>;(?M
21((+K%1*-AN>H46(+9oTJ"$#%\XK*-(!C4:.Q%1.>H#%iMn*HANP%\&(+*3,]9%721%1030HA?*}X>H(8.%7C?%1=6(+KtAN9.%\CNA?=:<BAS>H%iP/XZ4:.%1A?01T
UjA?P•W+*-AN>H%\Mn<=I>-(‚–?(wA?2q#46P•a<Q#PZAN99cA?9.8#4:0—W+*-(+<QK8&F#Q(|#A!C?%EA?=6&ADXI0@5%1%79(?K%798Mn(?*J˜Y<%10}>H4:(?90
21(?921%7*-9469Wc>-#%l03>HAN>H4603>H462DA?=5BA?2q,YW+*3(+<9.(?Mj>-#4:0'&)(+*3,T
™—469BA?=:=GX+‡Uz&F460-#>H(;>H#A?9,ZP‚X]MA?Pc4:=6XcAN9.dMn*34:%79.0'&F#(cPZAN.%i46>$K(+030-4:5Q=:%{Mn(+*'Pc%{>H(8W+(;>-#*-(+<QW+#
>H#Q%l>-(+<W+#>-4:Pc%10FA?9.&F#(c#%1=6K%7.P%i%79Sš3(!XI469W8>H#%lW+((I.]>-4:Pc%107T
!g n
L BwQn
T Ux9w>H*-(.<2\>H46(+9T|T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T _ "—A[Q(?9(+P/X(NMJh
(+0-4G>H4:(?9 @0}>H4:PAN>-4:(+9]_VKK*3(wA?2q#%70T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T#" fg(I21A?=o_`KQK*-(wAN2q#%10F>H(chj(?0-46>-4:(+9$@ 03>-4:PAN>H46(+9•T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T'& a'A?034:210$(NMLŽtA?*3,?(!Cdfg(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9 T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T'& T* Ux9Q.%1K%19.Q%1927%/_`030-<PcKQ>-4:(+90VT‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T'& T ŽA?*-,N(Cdfg(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9Z_V=:W+(+*346>-#P T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T, _`KKQ=:4:21AN>H46(+90'(NM@ŽtAN*-,?(!Cdfg(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9cT|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T,I T* _VKK*3(wA?2q#%70`a'AN0-%1.d(+9d"j(?K(+=6(+W+462DA?= ŽtA?K0FT|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T,I T _VKK*3(wA?2q#%70`™B(21<034:9W8(+9dfg%DA?*394:9QW8>-#%‚~I%19Q0-(+*VŽ(.%1=/T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T#! hj(+0346>-4:(+9h@*-(?5BA?546=:46>xX/i. *-4:.Q0 T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T#Q! T* ™OA?0}>VŽ(.%1=g(?M—h@*-(D[I4:Pc46>xX~I%1903(+*-0 T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T#Q! T ~%1=:%727>-46C+%2E1 K.BAS>H% T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T#Q! T," ŒF%1.Q<27>-4:(+9(?M
>H#%|ŒF%1K*3%103%19w>qAN>-4:(+9A?=
b(+PcK=:% [Q4G>xX T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T,- Ux9.((+*3@ 9wCI46*-(+9QP%79Y>-0EA?9.>H#%74:*Eb#BA?=6=:%79W+%10 T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T,I- T* 46c5 21%2@ 9wC4:*-(?9P%79w>H0 T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T,I- T ‘{%7<Q>H032q#%10{Ž<03%1<P a(?99 T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T#% ‘{4:0321<030-4:(?9 T‚T|T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
8 z B9w Qn : ]; B
=< >?n S
Q" T Ux9w>H*-(.<2\>H46(+9T|T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
Q" T ŒE%7=^AN>-%1.su(+*-, T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
Q" T#" {
B 46(+=^AN>-4:(+9(?MjUx9.%1K%19Q.%1927%p_`030-<PcKQ>-4:(+9 T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
Q" T'& @ 9Y>-*-(+KwXd™—46=6>-%1*;T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
Q" T, ™—4:=G>H%7*-0Mn(+*Fh@*3(![I46P4G>xX~I%790-(?*-0T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
Q" T,I T* ‘{4603>HA?921%l™j4:=6>-%1* T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
Q" T,I T a)=:(2q,NANW+%l™—4:=G>H%7* T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
Q" T#! — [QK%1*34:Pc%19w>qAN=gŒE%70-<=G>H0T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
!
%
)(
+
)!
)!
)%
)0
%
0
"
"7
8A@
"+0
&7(
&C
&
&7"
&7"
&+&
D"
4:4
"QT,-
"QT#!QT*
"QT#Q! T "QT#Q! T,"
"QT#Q! T#&
"QT#Q! T ‘ AS>qA?03%7>H0 T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
i
"
*HAN2q,469W8>H#%|ŒF(+5(N>Dˆ‰0Fhj(+0346>H46(+9 TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
ŒF%127(!C+%1*}XMn*-(+P J[>-*-%1Pc%|fg(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9Z™AN4:=:<Q*-%10ET|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
~<PPA?*}X](?M —[QK%1*34:Pc%19w>qAN=gŒE%70-<=G>H0F4:9>-#%‚Ž<0-%7<P TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
fg(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9Z469‘`X9BANP462 27% @9wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>H0 T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
‘{4:0321<030-4:(?9 T‚T|T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
)
465 L B wQ T xU 9w>H*-(.<2\>H46(+9T|T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T E
Œ %7=^AN>-%1.su(+*-, T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T l%79%1*-A?=~I2q#Q%1Pc%|Mn(+*$_V27>-4:(+9~I%7=:%12\>H46(+9 TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T _`2\H> 46C?%`ADC4:WwAN>-4:(+9AN9._`27>-46C?%p~I%790-469W TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T T _V27>-46C+%VA!C46WwAN>H46(+9†T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T T _V27>-46C+%‚~I%790-469W T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T
274:%79Y>EUxPcK=:%7P%79w>qAN>-4:(+9 T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T IT ŒF%10}>H*34:27>-%1.t~I%19Q0-4:9QW]Ž(.%7= T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T IT _V27>-4:(+90 T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T IT _V..4G>H4:(?9BA?= c2146%192\Xb(+9034:.%7*HAN>-4:(+90 T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T —[QK%1*34:Pc%19w>qAN=gŒE%70-<=G>H0T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T QT _V27>-46C+%VA!C46WwAN>H46(+9†T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T QT _V27>-46C+%‚~I%790-469W T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
T ‘{4:0321<030-4:(?9 T‚T|T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
& &
& #" .
& '&
& '& *
& '& & , 5
& , *
& , & , ,"
5
& #! & #! *
& #! & , jO !‚9 n B I T Ux9w>H*-(.<2\>H46(+9T|T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T ŒE%7=^AN>-%1.su(+*-, T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T#" "$#%|‘`X9BA?Pc4:2`s 469.(!& _VKK*-(+A?2q# T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T#Q" T* b(?903>-*HA?469Y>-0 T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T#Q" T h@*3%7Mn%1*3%1927%10 T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T'& Ž(.%1= Rx5BA?03%1.dh@*-(D[I4:Pc46>xX~I%1903(+*dT‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T'& T* h@*3(+5BA?546=:4603>H462{‘{%70-21*34:KQ>-4:(+9(NMj>-#% {
B 4:*}>H<BAN=~I%19Q0-(+*uT‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T'& T ~%1=:%727>-4:9WcAcŽ%DAN0-<*3%1Pc%19w>T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T'& T," _VKK=64:2DAS>H4:(?9Z>H(;>H#Q% — [QA?PcK=:%‚~I4G>H<BAS>H4:(?9yT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T'& T#& c
5 2146%19w>EUxPKQ=:%1Pc%19w>HAN>H46(+9 T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T, — [QK%1*34:Pc%19w>qAN=gŒE%70-<=G>H0T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T,I T* UxPcK(+*3>HA?921%i(NMj>-#%|‘`XI9A?P46210T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T,I T Žd<0-%7<P "j(?<*}R l
. <46.%lh@*-(Sš3%727>;T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T,I T," "$#Q%‚ŒF(+=6%i(?MJh@*3(+5BA?546=:4603>H462`Ux9w>H%7W+*HAS>H4:(?9 T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
I T#! ‘{4:0321<030-4:(?9 T‚T|T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
D"
+
+!+(
!
!D&
!7!+%
-
-
-
-+
-D!
-D!
-D%
%
%
%
%+!
%+0
@A8
0+"
07
0+!
0+%
)(D(
)( &
)(+
)(+
)(+)(D0
)(D0
+ (
+ (
+ +)
!YQ) z B9w Qn : !] @B ‚!
Q! T Ux9w>H*-(.<2\>H46(+9T|T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
Q! T ŒE%7=^AN>-%1.su(+*-, T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
Q! T#" ~I(?M >x&A?*-%l_V*-2q#4G>H%12\>H<*3%‚(NMj>-#%|ŒV’EU •
4 ~YXI0}>H%7P T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
Q! T'& Ux9w>H%1W?*HAN>-4:(+9(?Mj_`2\>H46C?%|f(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9 T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
Q! T, — [QK%1*34:Pc%19w>H0T|T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
Q! T#! ‘{4:0321<030-4:(?9 T‚T|T|T‚TlT|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
‚ j n j
; IB!Qn j; O g ; j1OS
O) < Q) 8 g ; ] @B
a`T l
. %79%1*-A?=Ž(N>H4:(?9 @ ˜Y<BAN>-4:(+9Q0 T|T|T‚T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
a`T _`KKQ*-(D[I4:PAN>H%|Ž(N>H4:(?9=L ˜Y<BAS>H4:(?90 T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
a`T#" _`9 V
1 KK%1*Ea(?<9.d(+9>H#%l_`KQK*-(D[I4:PAN>H46(+9=@ *-*3(+* T|T‚T|T|T‚T|TlT‚T|T‚T|T|T‚T|T‚T
464:4
+)+ %
+ %
"
A@
8A8
8
)"+
)"D!
)"D%
"$#460.460-03%1*3>HAN>H46(+9%\[IK=6(+*-%70cMn<9Q.BA?Pc%19w>qA?=F460-0-<Q%10c4:9 % %127>-46C?%tA?9Q. 0HASMn%9BADC4:W+AN>H46(+9y(?M{Pc(+546=:%
4:9Q.(I(?*)*3(+5(N>H01T—Ux9]KBA?*}>H4:27<=^AN*1‡w&%V&F4:=:=O=6(I(+,8AS>>H#Q%`K*3(+5=:%7P„(?M0-%7=6M^Rx=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9pA?9.A?03K%727>-0'(?M
21(?=:=:460-46(+9ADC+(?4:.BA?9Q21%;.<*34:9W]>-#%;K*3(I27%10-0l(?Mz03%1=6M^R =:(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9oT{_ 03<2127%10303Mn<=z*-%1A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9(?ML>H#460
K*3(I27%10-0E#BA?0$>-(AN..*-%70-0E0-%\C+%1*-A?=0-<5RxK*3(+5=:%7P07T
b(+9034:.%7*1‡gMn(+*i%\[QA?PcK=6%?‡APZAN9&F46>H#rA214G>xXPA?K >H*}XI469W>H(]ŠB9Q. AKBA?*}>H4621<=:A?*{K=:A?21%;469†A?9
<9,Y9(!&F9214G>xX+TdUx9(+*3.%1*|>H(<03%>-#4:0‚2146>xXrPA?Ko‡
>H#%PZA?9uPp<0}>/ŠB*303>;.%\>H%7*-Pc4:9%c#4:0‚K(?0-46>-4:(+9
&F46>-#4:9 >H#%214G>xX+T€"j(.Q(0-(‡$#Q%t2DAN9…=:((+,A?*3(+<9. A?9.…27(+PKA?*-%#4:0c(+503%1*3CNAN>-4:(+9Q0&F46>-# >H#Q%
4:9IMn(+*-PAN>H46(+9Z*3%1K*3%103%19w>H%7.4:9>H#Q%iPZA?K TL’V%1*3%?‡B03<2q#A?9(+5Q0-%1*}CNAN>H46(+92DA?9d5%iMn(+*%\[QA?PcK=:%lA;*-(+A?.
0-46W+9p(+*—A`=^AN9.PA?*-,OT
Ux9;P(+0}>J21A?0-%701‡YA{0-469W+=6%)(+5Q0-%1*}CNAN>H46(+9p4:0j9(?>@%79(+<W?#p>H({<9Q4:˜Y<%1=GX|.%7>-%1*-Pc4:9Q%
(+9%Nˆ 0—=:(2DAN>-4:(+9oT"$#460J4:0jPZAN4:9=GXi.<%>-(`>H#Q%MA?27>j>H#BAS>J0-%\C+%7*HA?=KQ=^A?27%10J(?M >-%19p=6(I(?,{>H#%'0-A?Pc%?T—"$#Y<07‡
>H#Q%K*-(+5Q=:%1P (?M
4:08AN9 469#%7*-%19w>8KBAN*3>8(?ME>H#%KQ*-(+5=6%1P (?M`=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9 TUx9 (?*-.%7*
>H(t.4:0-A?Pp546W+<BAN>-%5%7>x&)%1%79 >-#%].4 %7*-%19w>;K(+030-4:5Q=:%ZK(+0346>H46(+907‡J(+9%]#A?0/>H(t,?%1%7K >-#%103%K(?0-0-465=:%
=:(2DAS>H4:(?90J4:9cPc4:9.cA?9.c21(?=:=:%727>)A?..Q46>H46(+9BA?=I4:9QMn(?*-PAN>H46(+9;AN>z(?>-#%1*z=:(2DAN>-4:(+9Q0J4:98>H#%E%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>DT
Ux9tPA?9wX21A?0-%70`46>F460F0-< c2146%19w>E>H(c<9.46*-%12\>H%7.=6XPc(!C+%|A?*-(?<9.t<Q9Y>-4:=g%79(+<W+#d(+503%1*}C?AS>H4:(?90V#A!C?%
5%1%19€PA?.%?T "$#4:027(+<=6.€5%>H#Q% 2DA?03%r%NT WQT'46Ml>H#Q%r9Q%\[>03>-*-%1%\>d0-4:W?9€460ZMn(+<9Q.oT ’V(!&)%7C?%1*1‡i4GM
>H#Q%;%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>lK(+030-%70-0-%70‚(?9=6X*-%7=^AN>-46C+%7=6XdMn%7& Mn%DAN>-<*-%70{>H#BAS>i%19BAN5=:%;(+9Q%p>H(<9BANPp54:W?<(+<03=6X
.%\>H%1*3P469%L(+9%Nˆ 0
=:(2DAN>-4:(+9 ‡!46>2DAN9/5%)Pp<Q2q#/Pc(+*-%@% 274:%79Y>
>H(FŠB*303>j.%7>-%1*-Pc4:9Q%z.Q4:*-%727>-4:(+90469l&F#Q4:2q#
>H(|Pc(C?%F4:9c(+*-.%7*@>H(
F5%7>x&)%1%79]>H#%FK(+0-034:5=6%E=6(I21AN>H46(+907T—™B(+*@% [ANPK=6%?‡w>H#Q%
PA?9469d>-#%‚Mn(?*-%146W+9d2146>xX27(+<=6.=6(I(+,Mn(+*EA2q#Y<*-2q# 0}>H%7%1K=6%/4:9d(+*3.%1*F>H(<94:˜Y<%7=6X.%\>H%7*-Pc4:9%l#460
=:(2DAS>H4:(?9oTL_`..4G>H46(+9BA?=6=6X+‡>H#%|K%1*-03(+9t(NM >H%194:0F21(?9QMn*-(+9w>-%1.&F4G>H#>H#%lMn(+=6=:(!&F4:9W;KQ*-(+5=6%1P ‘{<Q%l>-(
2q#BA?9QW+%10‚AN>|0-(+Pc%8K=^AN21%107‡
>-#%8214G>xX =:((+,Y0i.4 %1*3%19w>|Mn*-(+P >H#%c*-%7K*-%70-%19w>HAN>H46(+9 (?Mz>H#Q%PA?KoT;su%
2DAN=:=I>-#4:0j>H#%$K*3(+5=6%1P (?M
)%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>H07T V%\C+%7*3>H#Q%1=:%70-07‡Q(+927%'>H#%$K%1*30-(+98,Y9(!&F0@&F#%1*3%
#%84:07‡g#%;03>-4:=6=—Pp<0}>l,?%7%1Ku>-*HA?2q,t(?M#Q4:0iK(+0-4G>H4:(?9 A?0i#%8Pc(C?%10l(+9oT/Ux9uPc(+03>{2DA?03%101‡>H#Q%8>HA?0-,(?M
d2DA?95%p% 274:%79Y>-=6XA?2q#46%7C?%1.†%?T‰WT 5wX21(+9w>-4:9Y<(+<03=6X21(+PcKBA?*34:9W8>H#Q%p(+503%1*3CNAN>-4:(+9Q0V&F46>-#
>H#Q%K=^A?27%10p% [IK%727>H%7. 469 >H#%2746>xXuPZANKoTr’V(!&%\C+%7*1‡'AN0;0-((+9A?0p>H#Q%]K%7*-03(+9=:(+03%10;#460pK(?0-46>-4:(+9
A?WwAN4:9o‡g#%8#BAN0l>-(
;#4:Pc0-%7=6Me‡ &F#462q#u(NM >H%19r*-%7˜Y<4:*3%10l0-46P46=^A?*V03>H%7K0l>H(>H#(?0-%8K%7*3Mn(+*3P%7.
(+9dA?*3*-46CNA?= 4:9]>H#Q%|2746>xX?T
!#"
5
5
$&%'()'*,+.-/"01
:;&%#<=6&
5-+7689!%
5
>:#'*/?@%;*,A=
4
32
" #4:0% [QA?PKQ=:%03#(!&F0>-#BAN>,Y9(!&F=6%1.W+%rA?5(+<Q>](+9%?ˆ‰0K(+0-4G>H4:(?9 &F46>-#4:9…(?9%?ˆ‰0%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>
$
4:0pA†KQ*-%127(+9.4G>H46(+9 Mn(+*pPA?,Y4:9QW <0-%(?M`APA?KoTr_`<Q>-(+9(+Pc(+<0p469.((+*pPc(+546=:%c*-(+5(?>H0pMAN21%]>H#Q%
0HANP%|K*-(?5=:%7P0EA?0F>H#%‚K%7*-03(+9&F#%79K%1*3Mn(?*-Pc4:9W;>H#Q%14:*F>qAN0-,Y01TE~I<Q2q#>qA?03,0V4:927=:<.Q%?‡O%?T‰WTG‡( 27%
.%7=:46C?%1*}X+‡0-<*}C+%146=:=:A?921%N‡K%1*30-(+9A?=—AN0-0-4603>HA?921%N‡ %79Y>-%1*}>qA?469P%79w>D‡PZA?9Q4:K<=:AN>H46(+9(?M@(?5š3%12\>H01‡ A?9.03(
(+9oT %12\>H4GC+%Z9A!C46WwAN>H46(+9†4:0|A5A?0-462K*3%127(+9.4G>H4:(?9†Mn(?*‚03<2127%10-0}Mn<=Pc(+546=:%;*3(+5(N>/ANKK=:462DAN>-4:(+9Q01T
Ux9(+*3.%1*l>H(PZAN,?%c<0-%(?MFAPA?Kr(?M'>-#%Z%79YC46*-(+9Pc%19w>/A?9. >-(21A?*-*}Xr(+<Q>‚9BADCI46WwAN>-4:(+9rK=^AN901‡jA
0-<Q2121%70-0}Mn<=gA?KKQ=:4:21AN>H46(+98K*-%70-<KQK(+03%10'Pc(+546=:%$*3(+5(N>=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9oTg"$#Q%1*-%\Mn(+*-%N‡=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9p460)(+9Q%
(?ML>H#Q%pMn<9.BA?Pc%19w>HA?=—K*3(+5=6%1Pc0{4:9Pc(+546=:%|*-(+5(?>-4:2107T {C?%1*i>H#Q%p=^A?0}>{Mn%7& X+%1A?*-07‡o>H#%7*-%;#BAN0i5%7%19
A‚>-*-%1Pc%19Q.(+<0'032146%19w>H4GŠB2{4:9w>-%1*-%703>4:9A?=6W+(+*346>H#QP0@Mn(+*z%10}>H4:PAN>-4:9W/A/*-(+5(?>1ˆ 0)=:(2DAN>-4:(+98Mn*-(+P„03%1903(+*
.BAN>HAQT`su%;A?*3%/KBA?*}>H4621<=:A?*-=GX4:9w>H%7*-%10}>H%7. 4:9Pc%7>-#(I.Q0V>H#AN>i.(]9Q(?>{.%7K%79.†(+9 A?9wXtP(.46Š2DAN>-4:(+9
(?MV>H#%d%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>c0-<2q#ƒAN0c>-#%K=^A?27%1Pc%19w>(?M{AN27>H4GC+%d5%1A?21(?901T…_V021A?9 5%d0-%7%19 Mn*3(+P >H#Q%
%\[QA?PcK=6%?‡Ap03<2127%10303Mn<=g0}XI0}>H%7P Mn(+*$A?<I>H(+9(?P(+<Q0Pc(+54:=6%V*3(+5(?>'=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+980-#Q(+<=:.AN..*-%70-0$>H#Q%
Mn(+=6=:(!&F4:9WpA?0-K%12\>H01T
5
/ 4
‘ <*34:9Wp>-#%lK*-(21%70-0E(?Mj0-%1=GM^Rx=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9o‡YANPp54:W?<(+<0'0346>-<BAN>H46(+90$Pp<Q03>E5%i*3%1K*3%103%19w>H%7.oT
{
_VPp54:W?<46>-4:%10)2DA?9d5%|*3%103(+=6C?%1.d5YXdA;03%1˜Y<%19Q21%/(NMJ(+503%1*}C?AS>H4:(?90FAN>F.4 %7*-%19w>E=:(2DAS>H4:(?901T
" #%zPA?Kl(?MI>-#%z%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>j21A?9|5%L<03%1.‚>-(EŠ9./AN27>H46(+90#%7=:K469W$>H(F<946˜<Q%1=6X{.%7>-%1*-Pc4:9Q%
$
>-#%l*-(+5(?>Dˆ‰0$=:(2DAS>H4:(?9oT
4
{927%l>-#%l=:(2DAN>-4:(+9(NMj>-#%l*-(+5(?>F4:0$<Q94:˜Y<%7=6X].Q%7>H%7*-Pc4:9%7.o‡>H*-A?2q,Y4:9W;>-#4:0F=:(2DAS>H4:(?9]2DA?9d5%
A?2q#Q4:%7C?%1.P(+*3%i% c2146%19w>H=GX+T
5
‘ <%‚>H(K(+0-034:5=6%/2q#BA?9QW+%10l4:9t.QX9BA?Pc4:2/%79wCI46*-(+9QP%79Y>-01‡o>-#%;PZANK.(%10i9(?>{A?=6&ADX0iPZAN>-2q#
{
>-#%l%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>DT
gf (2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9d46921=6<.%70E>-#%;A?546=:4G>xX]>H(.%7>-%127>`MA?4:=6<*-%70V(?M—>H#%‚K(+0346>-4:(+9%103>-4:PAN>H46(+9dA?9.t>-(
*3%1=:(2DAN=:4:7%V>-#%l*-(+5(?>D‡I&F#%199%127%10-0-A?*3X?T
xU 9/>H#Q4:0g>H#%70-460
&)%)&F46=:=w4:9w>-*-(.<21%)A?9/A?KK*3(wA?2q#‚>-(`Pc(+546=:%J*3(+5(N>j=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9V&F#4:2q#;AN..*-%70-03%10
A?=6='>H#%70-% A?03K%727>-0](?Mi=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9oT {<*A?KK*3(wA?2q# >-( K(+0-4G>H4:(?9 %703>H46PZAS>H4:(?9 460ZA†ŠB9% RxW+*-A?4:9%7.
W+*34:.IR 5BA?0-%7.84:PcK=:%7P%79Y>HAN>H46(+9/(NMgŽtAN*-,?(!C8=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9oTg"$#Q%EKA?*HA?.Q4:W+P (?MoŽtA?*-,N(!C8=:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9‚460
5BA?03%1.c(+9cA{W+%19Q%1*HAN=Mn*HA?Pc%7&)(+*-,|Mn(+*J0}>qAN>-%E%703>-4:PAN>H46(+9pA?9Q.ZA?KQK=:46%10JK*3(+5BA?5Q4:=:4603>-4:2z*-%1KQ*-%103%19w>qAS>H4:(?90
Mn(+*`>-#%;*-(?5(?>1ˆ 0`=:(2DAN>-4:(+9o‡O>H#Q%;(+<Q>H27(+Pc%p(?M)A?27>-4:(+9Q01‡A?9.>-#%;*-(?5(?>1ˆ 0`(+50-%7*3CNAN>-4:(+907T/"$#%;5A?0-462
K*34:9274:K=6%10$(?Mj(+<*'>-%12q#946˜Y<%‚21A?9d5%l0-<QPPA?*-461%7.A?0$Mn(+=:=6(&F07T
:4
9 n j z B wQ n a)XpW?=:(+5BAN=Q=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9l&%FPc%DA?9p>-#%EA?54:=646>xXl>H(i%703>-4:PAN>H%>-#%FK(?0-46>-4:(+9
(?MBAE*3(+5(N>j&F4G>H#(+<I>—,Y9(!&F=:%7.W+%)(?M4G>H0
4:94G>H4^AN=?=:(2DAS>H4:(?9‚AN9.‚>-#%'A?5Q4:=:4G>xX`>-(`*-%7=:(2DA?=64:7%LAV*-(?5(?>
4GMJ46>-0FK(+0346>-4:(+9d4:0F=:(?03>DTUx921(+9w>-*HA?0}>V&F4G>H#tPc(+0}>V% [I4:03>-4:9WK(?0-46>-4:(+9%703>H46PZAS>H4:(?9>-%12q#9Q4:˜Y<%107‡
(+<Q*]4:PcK=:%7P%79w>qAN>-4:(+9 (?M/ŽtA?*3,?(!C…=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9 2DA?9ƒ*3%1K*3%103%19w>dPp<=6>-4GR P(.BA?=$K*3(+5BA?5Q4:=:4G>xX
.4603>-*-4:5Q<Q>H46(+901T~I4:927%]ŽA?*-,N(Cu=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9%703>H46PZAS>H%10l>H#Q%=6(I21AN>H46(+9†(?M'>H#Q%Z*-(?5(?>|469u>H#Q%
"
]
%79Y>-4:*3%‚%79YC46*-(+9Pc%19w>1‡4G>E4:0VA?5=:%i>-(.%\>H%727>{0346>-<BAN>H46(+90F4:9&F#462q#t>H#%|K(+0-4G>H4:(?9d(NM—>H#Q%/*-(?5(?>
460$=:(+0}>DT@"$#%7*-%7Mn(?*-%?‡B(?<*$>H%12q#Q94:˜Y<%|P%7%7>-0VAN=:= *3%1˜Y<46*-%1Pc%19w>-0EMn(+*$W?=:(+5BAN= =:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9oT
j7 L B wI Ž(+0}>@=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9i>H%72q#94:˜Y<%70@*-%7=6X‚(+98A`03>HAN>H462Pc(I.Q%1=Q(NMB>H#%'%79wCI46*-(+9R
Pc%19w>DT@"$#Q%1*-%\Mn(+*-%N‡Q*3(+5<0}>$=:(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9p4:9Z.QX9BA?Pc4:2E%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>H0*3%1˜Y<46*-%10)>H#%`A?54:=646>xXp>-(
%703>H46PZAS>H%i>H#%|K(+0-4G>H4:(?9d(NM@A*3(+5(?>E%7C+%79t&F#%79 Ac034:W+9Q46ŠB21A?9w>V9Y<P/5%7*`(?Mj>H#%|(+503%1*3CNAN>-4:(+9Q0
21A?99(?>85%]PAN>H2q#Q%1.y&F46>-#>H#%PA?KoT $T WT
>H#%ANKK%1A?*HAN921%(?MF>xXK462DA?='469.((+*/%79wCI46*-(+9R
Pc%19w>H0;PADX2q#BAN9W+%0-46W+946Š2DA?9w>H=GXr.<%>H(Mn<*3946>-<*-%]>-#BAN>8460pP(!C?%1. A?*-(?<9.o‡z(+K%19%7. (?*
27=:(+03%1. .((+*-07‡ (+*`K%7(+K=:%|>H#BAS>i0-<*3*-(+<Q9.>H#%/*-(+5(?>DTiUx9 (?*-.%7*`>H(]*3%1=64^A?5=GX=:(2DA?=64:7%‚AP(NR
546=:%i*3(+5(N>F%7C+%794:903<2q#t.QX9BANP462|%79wCI46*-(+9QP%79Y>-01‡O(+<*EA?KQK*-(wAN2q#469Y>-*-(.<27%10VA8>-%12q#946˜Y<%
&F#462q#ŠB=6>-%1*-00-%19Q0-(+*$.BAS>qAQT@"$#%70-%iŠB=G>H%1*30$A?*3%{.%1034:W+9Q%1.>H(;%7=:4:Pc4:9AN>H%$>H#Q%i.BA?PA?W+4:9QW/% %12\>
(?Mj0-%790-(?*V.BAS>qA;21(+*3*-<KI>H%1.d5wX<9Pc(I.Q%1=:%7..QX9BA?Pc4:2107T
5
L B wI "$#%i% c214:%7927XZ%103K%7214^AN=:=6Xc(?MW?=:(+5BAN==6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+982DAN95%{46PKQ*-(!C+%7.5YX
A?2\>H4GC+%1=GXp.460HA?P/54:W+<AN>H469W`5%7>x&)%1%79Z.4 %7*-%19w>LK(+0-034:5=6%'=:(2DAS>H4:(?901T
_`2\>H46C?%1=GXp21(?9Y>-*-(+=6=:469W`>H#Q%
A?2\>H<BAS>H(+*30'(?M
Ap*-(?5(?>4:9](?*-.%7*>H(p=6(I21A?=:461%E46>4:0%70-K%1274^A?=6=6Xc*-%\&'A?*3.4:9QW/&F#%19Q%7C+%7*E>-#%{%79YC4 R
*3(+9Pc%19w>$K(+0-03%10-03%10F*-%7=^AN>-46C?%1=6X8Mn%\&€Mn%1AN>H<Q*-%10)>H#BAN>'%19BA?5Q=:%`4G>>-(;<9BA?Pp5Q4:W+<(?<0-=GX8.%7>-%1*-Pc4:9Q%
4G>H0F=:(2DAN>-4:(+9 Tki%7Xd(+K%194:030-<%70V469tA?2\>H4GC+%/=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9ZA?*-% lA?9Q.
p03(tA?0l>H(5%10}>/=6(I21A?=:461%‚>-#%8*-(+5(?>1TcUx9r(+*3.%1*i>H(d.%7*-46C?%8P%1A?90iMn(+*l.%7>-%1*3P4694:9W
>-#%5%703>A?2\>H4:(?9&F46>H#y*3%103K%727>c>H( =:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9o‡
&%&F4:=6=)469w>H*-(.<27%A .%1274:0-46(+9IR”>H#%7(+*-%\>H4:2
% [I>-%19034:(+9u(?MFŽA?*-,N(C†=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9 Tp"$#%cW+<4:.Q4:9WK*34:9274:K=6%;(?M'(?<*|A?KK*3(wA?2q# 460{>H(d21(+9R
>-*-(+=
>H#%cA?2\>H<BAN>-(+*-0`0-(dA?0{>H(Pc4:946P461%iMn<Q>-<*-%8%\[IK%12\>H%1.r<927%1*}>qA?469Y>xX?TpUx9†(+<*i% [I>-%19034:(+9 ‡
<9Q21%1*}>qA?469w>xX4:0`P%1A?0-<*3%1.†5wXt>-#%;%19w>H*3(+KwX(?MLMn<Q>-<*-%;K(+0346>H46(+9tKQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>xX.4603>H*34:5<I>H4:(?901T
a)X 2q#((+0-469WrA?27>-4:(+90‚>H(†P4694:Pc4:7%;>H#%% [QK%12\>H%7. Mn<Q>-<*-%<9Q21%1*}>qA?469w>xX+‡z(+<*8A?KKQ*-(wA?2q#460
21A?KBA?5=6%i(?M—A?27>-46C+%7=6X=6(I21A?=:461469W/A8Pc(+54:=6%`*3(+5(N>$Mn*-(+Pm0-21*-AN>H2q# T
': ?$$?=)
1?3*/?@?@<
':
L BwI _ 2\>H4GC+%$=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9l*HA?460-%70J>H#%$K*3(+5=6%1P (?M#(!& >-(i0HANMn%7=6Xp27(+9w>H*3(+=Ai*-(?5(?>
`
%70-K%1214:A?=:=GX].<Q*-4:9QWc>-#%‚KQ*-(21%1030`(?MJA?27>-46C?%‚W+=6(+5BA?= =:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9oTzŽ(+0}>`% [Q4603>-4:9WA?KK*3(wA?2q#%70
>-({0HANMn%9BADCI46WwAN>-4:(+9‚*-%1=GX/(?9;A{K<*3%1=6X‚0-%790-(?*}Rx5A?0-%7.o‡w*-%1A?27>-46C+%$27(+=:=64:034:(+9|ADC+(+46.BA?927%?TJUx9;(?*-.%7*
>-(Z(!C+%7*-21(?P%|>H#%‚=:4:Pc46>HAN>H46(+90)(?MJ>H#Q4:0EKBA?*HAN.4:W+Pd‡&)%/21(?Pp54:9Q%1.t(?<*VPc%7>-#(.Mn(+*EK(?0-46>-4:(+9
%703>H46PZAS>H4:(?9&F46>-#0-<Q2q# AZ*3%DA?2\>H4GC+%;21(?=:=:460-46(+9dA!C?(+4:.A?921%p>-%12q#9Q4:˜Y<%?T|"$#%;*3%10-<Q=6>H469W]#wX5*-46.
A?KQK*-(wAN2q#d>-(c27(+=:=64:034:(+9ADC?(+4:.BAN921%l.4 %7*-0$Mn*-(+PmK*-%\C4:(+<0EA?KQK*-(wAN2q#%10E4:9>H#AN>F46>F27(+90-46.%1*30
>-#%.IXI9A?P46210l(?M'>-#%c*-(+5(?>‚A?9.uADC+(+46.0‚27(+=:=64:034:(+90V&F46>H#u4:9wC4:034:5=6%;(+503>HA?21=6%10|%7C?%194GM>H#Q%
*3(+5(N>F4:0$<927%1*}>qA?469AN5(+<I>F46>H0$K(+0346>H46(+9oT
_`=6=l>-%12q#9Q4:˜Y<%10 469w>H*-(.<27%1. 469>-#4:0d>H#%70-4:0d&F4:=6=|5% % [>H%19Q0-46C?%1=GXCNA?=64:.BAN>-%1.(+9>-#%*-(?5(?>
ŒE’VU pTI"$#%{%\[IK%1*34:Pc%19w>H0$AN*-%{27(+9.<2\>H%7.d469>x&)(;.4 %1*3%19w>$%79YC46*-(+9Pc%19w>-01T {9%{%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>D‡
AKBA?*3>l(NM'(+<*l27(+PKQ<Q>H%7*|032146%1927%.%7KBA?*}>HPc%19w>D‡
4:0i.%7K4:2\>H%7. 4:9r™—46W+<*3% +T A\T8U >|4:927=:<.%70|A?=:=
Mn%DAS>H<*3%10{(?M—>xXIKQ4:2DAN=j( c27%/%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>H0`0-<2q#†A?0VK%7(+K=6%|&A?=:,Y469WZ5wX+‡Mn<*-9Q46>H<Q*-%‚>-#BAN>V4:0EP(!C?%1.
A?*3(+<9.d4:9>H#%l( c27%101‡A?9.d0-%\C+%7*HA?=
K=^AN21%10$>-#BAN>E=:((+,>-#%|0HA?Pc%i>H(8>H#%l*-(?5(?>1ˆ 0F03%1903(+*-0V0-<2q# AN0
%?T‰WTO03XPcP%\>H*34:2l21(+*3*-46.(+*-07T'"$#%|(?>H#Q%1*E%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>`460`A821*3(&F.Q%1.Pp<Q0-%1<QP‡4:9&F#4:2q#tŒV’EU 4
D5
D5
4
*
4
4
&
0-%7*3C?%1. A?0FAN9tA?<I>H(+9(?P(+<Q0$Pp<0-%7<P >-(+<*}R W+<46.%i*-(+5(?>$Mn(+*$% [>H%19Q.%1.K%7*-4:(.0$(?M
>H46P% 0-%7%/™j4:WNR
<*3% +T 5 \Td"$#460/<90}>H*3<27>-<*-%7.y%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>p03>-*-%70-0-%70cA?..4G>H4:(?9BA?=@*-%7˜Y<4:*3%1Pc%19w>H0|Mn(+*‚*3(+5<0}>
=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9†0-<2q# A?08A?2721<*-A?27XyA?9.>H#Q%A?54:=646>xX >-( #BA?9.=6%0-4G>H<BAN>-4:(+9Q0/4:9&F#Q4:2q#Pp<2q#(?MF>H#Q%
*-(?5(?>1ˆ 0F03%1903(+*3Xd4:9IMn(+*-PAN>H46(+9Z460F21(+*3*-<KQ>-%1.5YX>-#%lK*-%70-%7921%‚(?MJK%1(+KQ=:%?Tz"$#%|%\[IK%1*-46P%79w>H0F21(+9R
.<2\>H%7.4:9Z>-#%103%`>x&(;%79wCI46*-(+9QP%79Y>-0'0-#Q(& >-#BAN>'(?<*46PK=6%1Pc%19w>qAS>H4:(?9c(NM
ŽtA?*3,?(!C]=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9;469
21(?Pp54:9AN>H46(+9p&F46>-#c>-#%F%\[>H%790-46(+90zK*-(+K(+03%1.Z469;>H#460L>-#%1034:0LPc%1%7>-0zA?=:=*3%1˜Y<46*-%1Pc%19w>-0z&)%V#A!C?%EMn(?*
Ap>H%72q#94:˜Y<%lMn(+*FA?<I>H(+9(?P(+<Q0$P(+5Q4:=:%`*-(+5(?>$=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9oT
20 m
27 m
"!$#&%'()#+*+,-'/.*0.$%132457698;:=<>?9@*A"@B'/?&C*D"!#&*+E#F"!"EG*+E'='IHJE)@2)@*+@".K
*+E'MLONIPQ3RIS(TJNURVWPR/NIPJXZY[\$\)
" #%]*3%1PA?4:9.Q%1*/(NM'>H#460‚>-#%1034:0p460‚(+*3WwA?9461%7.yA?0‚Mn(?=:=:(!&F07TUx9 >-#%]9% [>;2q#BA?KQ>-%1*/&)%Z&F46=:=L4:9IR
$
>H*3(I.Q<21%p>-#%;5BA?034:210i(NM'ŽA?*-,N(C=:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9tA?9Q.†A?9†4:PcK=:%7P%79Y>HAN>H46(+9d(?ML>H#460iW+%19%7*HA?=—0-2q#%7P%NT
"$#BA?9p&)%&F46=:=YK*-%70-%79Y>—>H#%>x&)(i4:9Q.(I(?*j%79YC46*-(+9Pc%19w>-0J4:9|&F#4:2q#8A?=6=Y(+<*j>-%12q#9Q4:˜Y<%10J&F46=:=w5%>H%703>-%1.
>H#Q*-(+<W?#(+<Q>>H#Q4:0g>H#%70-4601T {<*% [I>-%19034:(+9|Mn(+**-(+5Q<03>
K(+0-4G>H4:(?9|%703>-4:PAN>H46(+9i%7C?%19/469‚#Q4:W+#=GX
%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>H0
&F4:=6=w5%z4:9w>H*3(I.Q<21%7./4:9/b#BA?KI>H%1* QT
_ Mn<*}>H#%7*—% [I>-%19034:(+9/(?MOŽtAN*-,?(!C|=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9{460
4:9w>-*-(.<21%7.Z469~I%727>H46(+9 TJ"$#460%19Q#BA?927%1Pc%19w>'034:W+94GŠB2DAN9Y>-=6X;46921*3%DA?03%10z>H#%V% c2146%192\X(NMgK(?0-46>-4:(+9
%10}>H46PZAN>-4:(+985wX
;27(+9w>H*-(?=:=:469Wi>H#%`A?27>-<BAN>-(+*-0)(?Mo>H#Q%`*-(?5(?>1T—_EM >H%1*)4:9w>H*3(I.Q<21469W‚(?<*#wX5*-46.
A?KKQ*-(wA?2q#>-(]21(?=:=:460-46(+9tADC?(+4:.BAN921%p469†b#BA?KI>H%1* I‡&)%p&F4:=6=
.Q4:0-27<0-0{>-#%p03(?M >x&'AN*-%;A?*32q#46>-%12\>H<*3%p(?M
>H#Q%lŒV’EU 03X03>-%1P &F46>-#A?9%1PcK#BAN0-4:0(+9]>H#%i469w>H%1W?*HAN>-4:(+9](NMj=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+98469Y>-(;*-(+5(?>$27(+9w>H*3(+=”T
™—469BA?=:=GX+‡Y&%l&F4:=6= 27(+921=6<.%l4:9b#BANKQ>H%7* T
4
&%'()'*,+
&
4
"
6-
5
-+=689!%
6$q!0U
4
"
(E9A!C46WwAN>H%@*3%1=64^A?5=GXE4:9i4:9Q.(I(?*o%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>H07‡?A'Pc(+546=:%—*3(+5(?>Pp<0}>,9Q(&u&F#%1*3%L46>g4601T {C?%1*g>H#Q%
=^AN03>'Mn%\&X?%DA?*301‡>H#Q%1*-%i#A?0$5%7%19dAp>H*3%1Pc%19.(?<0$0-274:%19w>-46ŠB2{469w>H%1*3%10}>V469A?=6W+(+*-4G>H#Pc0LMn(+*'%10}>H46PZAN>-4:9W
A8*-(+5(?>Dˆ‰0E=:(2DAN>-4:(+9]Mn*3(+P 0-%790-(+*V.BAN>HAQTUx9d>H#%|21(+9w>-%\[>{(?MJP(+5Q4:=:%`*-(+5(?>H07‡B>H#%|W+%19Q%1*HAN=
KQ*-(+5=6%1P
(?Mj=:(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9Z21A?95%l03>HAN>H%7.tAN0FMn(?=:=:(!&F07T
_Pc(I.%7=w(?MQ>-#%z%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>—03<2q#8A?0
AVW+*34:.IR 5BA?03%1.|W+%1(+Pc%7>-*-462@.%10321*-46KQ>H46(+9|(?MB(+50}>qA?27=:%70
(+*FAp>-(+K(?=:(+W+462DA?=PA?K(?Mj>-#%l%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>DT
B @03>H46PZAS>H%‚>-#%p=6(I21AN>H46(+9(NMz>-#%p*3(+5(N>V&F4G>H#469t>H#%/%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>i5BA?03%1. (+9 (+5Q0-%1*}CNAN>H46(+901T
"$#%70-%V(+50-%7*3CNAN>-4:(+90@>xXK462DA?=6=6Xp27(+9034:03>)(?MoA|Pc4G[>H<Q*-%$(?M (I.(?P%\>H*-462$4:9QMn(?*-PAN>H46(+9;A?5(+<Q>L>H#Q%
*3(+5(N>Dˆ‰0{P(!C?%1Pc%19w>H0|A?9. 469QMn(+*3PZAN>-4:(+9(+5Q>HA?4:9%7.tMn*-(?P >H#Q%;*-(+5(?>Dˆ‰0{K*3(D[Q46P4G>xXd0-%19Q0-(+*30|(?*
21A?P%7*HA?07T
"$#%tPAš3(+*346>xXy(NM{%\[I4603>H469WuA?KK*3(wA?2q#%70>H(uK(?0-46>-4:(+9%703>H46PZAS>H4:(?9MA?=:=$469Y>-(r>-#%d2DAN>-%1W+(+*}X(?M
J>H%72q#946˜<Q%101T/~I<2q#rA?KQK*-(wAN2q#%10{>-(]=:(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9dA?4:P AN>`21(+PcK%790HAS>H4:9QWZMn(+*V>-#%;(.(+Pc%7>H*34:2
%1*3*-(+*`(I2721<*3*-4:9QW.<*-469W*-(?5(?>`9BADC4:WwAN>-4:(+9t5BA?0-%7.†(+9†0-%19Q0-(+*i.BAS>qAQT|"$#%7X<0-<BAN=:=6Xd*3%1˜Y<4:*3%p>H#BAS>
>H#Q%Z4:9Q46>H4:A?=@=:(2DAS>H4:(?9r(NM$>H#%*-(+5(?>‚4:0/,Y9(!&F9o‡LAN9.yA?*3%Z(+9=GXr2DA?KBAN5=:%c(?M
>H#%=:(2DAN>-4:(+9
(?M|A *3(+5(?>DT ŒF%127%19w>H=GX+‡F0-%\C+%7*HA?={*3%103%DA?*32q#%1*30dKQ*-(+K(+0-%7. A 9%\& =6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9yKBAN*HA?.46W+Pd‡'2DA?=6=:%7.
ŽtA?*3,?(!C =6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+
9 `hLa g~Qk ok`b'k ga'™—’{~ ?A TpŽtAN*-,?(!C =6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9d4:0`5BA?0-%7.†(+9
A;K*-(?5BA?546=:4:0}>H462EMn*-A?P%\&(?*-,O‡Q&F#462q#d460$%\[IK*3%10-0346C?%‚%79(+<W+#>H(;*3%1K*3%103%19w>`0346>-<BAN>H46(+90'469]&F#4:2q#>H#Q%
K(+0-4G>H4:(?9t(?ML>H#Q%p*-(+5(?>i460`9(N>i<946˜<Q%1=6X.%\>H%1*3P469%1. T|"$#Q%1*-%\Mn(+*-%N‡
ŽtA?*3,?(!C =:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9%19BAN5=:%70
*-(?5(?>-0'>H(c=:(2DA?=64:7%V>H#Q%1Pc0-%1=GC+%70V%\C+%19<9.%7*
j<9Q21%1*}>qA?469w>xX+T
{<*{4:PcK=6%1Pc%19w>qAN>-4:(+9(?M)ŽA?*-,N(Ct=:(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9<0-%70iK(+0346>-4:(+9dK*-(?5BA?546=:46>xXW?*-4:.Q0`4:9w>-*-(.<21%7.
4:
9 ‰a™J’{~ +A T"$#460ZANKK*-(+A?2q#ƒ<0-%70ArŠ9%\R W+*HA?469%1. W+*-46.IRx5BAN0-%1. .4:0321*3%7>H46DAN>-4:(+9 (?M{>-#%0}>qAN>-%
0-KA?21%NT'~I<Q2q#tA8*-%7K*-%70-%19w>HAN>H46(+9#A?0$>H#%|A?.QCNA?9w>HA?W+%i>H#BAS>F46>
K*3(!CI46.%10EA?9A?2721<*-AN>H%l%10}>H46PZAN>-4:(+9Z(?Mj>-#%lK(?0-46>-4:(+9(NMJA8*-(+5(?>1‡
*/?@%;*
4
07
0D!
07
0+!
*/?#*
0+!
:;&%#<=6&
!
PA?,?%70F9(cA?0-03<PKI>H4:(?9AN5(+<I>$>H#%l(+<Q>-=:469%{(?Mj>H#%i%79YC46*-(+9Pc%19w>VA?9.>H#Y<0E2DAN9d5%|A?KK=64:%7.
%\C+%194:9<90}>H*3<27>-<*-%7.A?9.d9(+9Rx*-%727>HA?9W+<=:A?*$%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>H07‡OA?9.
469Y>-%1W+*-AN>H%70$*HAD&.BAN>qA/Mn*3(+P KQ*-(D[I4:Pc46>xX0-%19Q0-(+*30VAN9.4:0>-#%1*3%7Mn(+*3%‚AN5=:%`>-(;%\[IK=6(+46>FAN*-54G>H*HAN*3X
W+%7(+Pc%7>H*34:2`Mn%1AN>H<Q*-%10E(?M
>H#%l%79YC46*-(+9Pc%19w>1T
jh (?0-46>-4:(+9rK*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xXtW+*34:.0|A?*3%ZANKK=:46%1.†0-<Q2121%70-0}Mn<=:=GXu469rCNA?*34:(+<Q0|469.((+*i%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>H07T]s 46>-#
>H#Q%{(+KQ>-4:Pc4:DAS>H4:(?90@4:9w>H*3(I.Q<21%7.]4:9Z>-#4:0)2q#BA?KQ>-%1*7‡QK(+0-4G>H4:(?9ZK*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xX;W+*-46.0'AN*-%{AN5=:%E>H(/=6(I21A?=:461%
A;*-(+5(?>$Mn*3(+P 0321*HAS>H2q#AN9.d>-(8% c2146%19w>H=GX]>H*-A?2q,]46>-0FK(+0346>-4:(+9AN0E4G>FP(!C?%10EA?*-(?<9.oT
Ux9 >H#Q4:0c2q#BA?KQ>-%1*Z&)%t469Y>-*-(.<27%d>-#%tW+%79%1*-A?=FMn*HA?Pc%7&)(+*-,y(NM|ŽtA?*3,?(!C =6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9AN9. (+<Q*
W+*34:.IR 5BA?0-%7.u46PKQ=:%1Pc%19w>HAN>H46(+9(?M)>H#460l>-%12q#9Q4:˜Y<%?TUx9~I%12\>H46(+9 T &%c&F4:=6=J.4:0321<030‚>-#%.Q4 %1*-%79w>
A?03K%727>H0$<Q9.%1*'&F#Q4:2q#dA?KK*3(wA?2q#%70'>H(pK(+0346>H46(+9]%703>H46PZAS>H4:(?9Z2DAN95%iAN9BA?=6X7%1.oT@_ 03#(+*}>$(!C+%1*}C4:%7&
(?M$.Q4 %1*-%79w>/>H%72q#946˜<Q%10p<03%1.Mn(+*l>H*-A?2q,Y4:9Wd>H#%*-(+5(?>1ˆ 0‚K(+0346>-4:(+9†4:0|K*3%10-%79w>H%1.469y~I%727>H46(+9 T QT
Ux9u~I%12\>H46(+9 T ]&%;W+4GC+%8A?9 (?<Q>H=64:9%‚(?ML>H#%;W+%79%1*-A?=—Mn*-A?P%\&(?*-,d(?MŽtA?*-,N(!C =:(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9oT`_EM >H%7*
.460-21<Q0-0-469Wp(?>-#%1*A?KK*3(wA?2q#%70'5BA?03%1.(+9>H#%VKBA?*HAN.4:W+P (NMjŽtA?*-,N(!CZ=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9o‡N&%{KQ*-%103%19w>$(+<Q*
4:PcK=6%1Pc%19w>qAN>-4:(+9†(?MVŽA?*-,N(Cu=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9 4:9y~I%12\>H4:(?9 T QTt"'&)( %\[QA?PcK=:%A?KKQ=:4:21AN>H46(+90l(?MF(+<Q*
4:PcK=6%1Pc%19w>qAN>-4:(+9tA?*-%;KQ*-%103%19w>H%7. 469r~I%12\>H4:(?9 T T/"$#%70-%c%\[QA?PcK=:%70iP(?>-46CNAN>-%‚>H#Q%;%\[>H%790-46(+90l(?M
ŽtA?*3,?(!C=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9Z469w>H*-(.<27%1.d4:9>H#Q%|*3%1PA?4:9Q.%1*$(?M
>H#Q4:0$&(?*-,OT™j4:9BA?=6=6X?‡&)%|&F46=:=.4:0321<030V>H#Q%
W+%79%1*-A?=gK*-(?K%7*3>H46%10$(?M—(+<*FA?KQK*-(wAN2q#469t~%127>-4:(+9 T QT
5
4
'&
-
4
,"
#!
#%
(#) . %0!0U %&!) ;! $!#* %
4
B™ (+*F>H#%‚K<*-K(+03%/(?MJ>-#4:0F>H#Q%10-460V&)%/21AN>H%7W+(+*-461%‚.4 %1*3%19w>{ANKK*-(+A?2q#%10V>H(Z=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9]A?=:(+9QW>H#Q%
Mn(+=6=:(!&F4:9W/.4:Pc%19034:(+9Q01T
L B n jB
"$#%{ŠB*303>$.Q4:Pc%19034:(+9.%1K%19.Q0$(+9Z>H#Q%{=:(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9;>qA?03,c>-#BAN>'21A?95%{#BA?9.Q=:%1.5wXc>H#%`P%\>H#(.01T
s #46=:% */?@%;*'ANKK*-(+A?2q#%10/A?0-03<Pc%c>-#BAN>l>H#%cK(+0-4G>H4:(?9r(NM>H#Q%*3(+5(N>l4:0l0-K%12746ŠB%7. &F46>-#4:9rA0-PA?=:=
A?*3%DAQ‡0*/?#* A?KK*3(wA?2q#%70FA?*-%{Pc(+*3%`K(&)%1*}Mn<= 5%121A?<03%{>H#%\XA?*3%iA?5=6%V>H(/.%7>-%1*-Pc4:9Q%V>H#Q%{=:(2DAN>-4:(+9
(?M—Ap*-(+5(?>$&F4G>H#(+<I>$,Y9(!&F=:%1.QW+%l(?M—4G>H0'46946>-4^A?=K(+0-4G>H4:(?9oT @ 9W+%7=:03(+92DA?=6=:%1.]>-#%lK*-(?5=:%7P (?M
W+=6(+5BA?=
=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9 >-#%‹3,Y4:.9A?K%7.*3(+5(?>K*-(?5=:%7P‡‰…0-<QW+W+%10}>H469W >-#BAN>Ay*-(+5(?>03#(+<=6.5%rA?5=:%>-(
=:(2DAN=:4:7%`4G>H0-%7=6M
%7C?%194GM
0-(+Pc%i%\[>H%7*-9BAN=Mn(?*-21%l21A?*-*34:%1.4G>$>H(cA?9<9,Y9(!&F9=6(I21AN>H46(+9 L 9QW70D& T
xU 9u(?*-.%7*l>-(.%DA?=J&F4G>H#†<927%1*}>qA?469u03%1903(+*l4:9QMn(+*3PZAS>H4:(?9o‡ Pc(+03>|ANKK*-(+A?2q#%10l>H(K(+0-4G>H46(+9 %10}>H4GR
PAN>H46(+9 <0-%cAK*-(?5BA?546=:4:0}>H462/*-%7K*-%70-%79Y>HAN>H46(+9r(?M)>-#%8K(?0-46>-4:(+9 (NM'A*-(+5(?>1T;Ux9r>-#4:0i27(+9w>H%\[>1‡j>H#Q%
*-(?5(?>1ˆ 0$K(+0346>H46(+94:0P(.%1=6%1.5wXA;*HA?9Q.(+PmCNA?*34^A?5Q=:%iA?9Q.>-#%l03>HAN>H%l0-KA?21%l(?M
>H#460'CNA?*-4:A?5=:%V21(+9R
0-4603>-0`(?MJ>-#%p=6(I21AN>H46(+90F21(+9Q0-4:.Q%1*-%7.tMn(+*VK(+0346>-4:(+9%10}>H46PZAN>-4:(+9 TFsu%/21A?927=^A?030-46M X>-#%103%/>H%72q#946˜<Q%10
Mn(+*)P(+5Q4:=:%F*3(+5(N>'=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+98A?=6(+9W‚>-#%{=6(I21A?= NW?=:(+5BAN=.4:Pc%19Q0-4:(?9Z5wX>-#%{% [QKQ*-%1030-4GC+%19Q%10-0V(?Mg>H#Q%
K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xX.4603>H*34:5<I>H4:(?90;>H#%\X <Q0-%t>-( *-%7K*-%70-%79Y>Z>H#%*-(+5(?>Dˆ‰0c=:(2DAN>-4:(+9 s #46=:%(+9%21=:A?0-0c(?M
2
-
.
A?KKQ*-(wA?2q#Q%10|(+9=6X21(+9034:.%7*-0|<946P(.BA?= |A?<Q0-0-4:A?9rK*-(+5A?54:=646>xX.4:0}>H*34:5<Q>-4:(+9Q01‡g(?>-#%1*i>H%72q#946˜<Q%10
A?46P AN>F*3%1K*3%10-%79w>H4:9QW]A?*3546>-*HA?*}XZ.4603>-*-4:5Q<Q>H46(+90Mn(+*'>-#%lK(?0-46>-4:(+9(NMJA;*-(?5(?>1T
"$#%]PAš3(+*346>xX†(?M$% [I4:03>-4:9W=:(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9†A?KK*3(wA?2q#%70p5%1=:(?9W+0l>H(t>-#%ŠB*303>/21=^AN0-01TtŽ(+0}>8A?KIR
K*3(wA?2q#%70|(NMz>-#4:0`21=^AN0-0i<03%8k|AN=:PA?9tŠB=G>H%1*34:9W>H(4:9w>-%1W+*-AN>H%p03%1903(+*l4:9QMn(?*-PAN>H46(+9(!C?%1*i>H46P% 0-%7%
~I%727>H46(+9 T TZ"$#%\Xr(+9=6X21(+9034:.%7*/Ad0-PA?=:=jMn*HA?2\>H4:(?9u(?M)>H#%c03>HAN>H%c0-KA?21%ZA?9.AN*-%c9(?>‚A?5=6%8>-(
*-%7K*-%70-%79Y>‚A?P/54:W+<Q(+<0`0346>-<BAN>H46(+907T{"$#%1*3%7Mn(+*3%?‡ >-#%7XA?*-%/9(?>iAN5=:%|>H(=:(2DAN=:4:7%|A]*-(+5(?>{W?=:(+5BAN=:=6X?T
V(N>H%?‡Y>H#AN>'A|<946P(.BA?=B9(?*-PA?=B.4:0}>H*34:5<Q>-4:(+9;&)(+<=6.Z0-< 27%`Mn(+*zW+=:(?5BA?=B=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9p4GM >H#Q%`*-(?5(?>
&)(+<=:.t5%;AN5=:%l>H(].Q%7>H%727> /=^AN9.PA?*-,Y01T`’V(!&)%7C+%7*1‡o>-#4:0V2DA?99Q(?>i5%pA?030-<Pc%1. 469>H#Q%pW+%19R
%1*-A?=@2DAN0-%?T8"$#Y<07‡—=:(2DAN=@A?KK*3(wA?2q#%70l<0-<BAN=:=6Xt*-%7˜<Q4:*-%;>-#BAN>l>H#%846946>-4^A?=
=:(2DAN>-4:(+9t(?M)>-#%8*-(+5(?>l460
,Y9(!&F9yA?9.uA?*3%c.Q%10-46W+9%7.u>H(d21(?PK%190-AN>H%8Mn(+*l(.(+Pc%7>H*34:2p%7*-*3(+*l(I2721<*3*-4:9QW.<Q*-4:9QW9BADC4:W+AN>H46(+9oT
"$#%|03>-*-%19QW?>H#d(?M
>H#%70-%l>H%12q#Q94:˜Y<%70V=64:%10$469>H#%74:*$% c274:%19Q27XdA?9.dA?2721<*-A?27X?T
ŒE%721%79Y>-=6X?‡?0-%\C+%7*HA?=Y*-%70-%1A?*-2q#%7*-0jK*-(+K(+03%1.‚AF9Q%7&=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9VKBA?*-A?.4:W?P‡D21A?=:=6%1.‚ŽtA?*3,?(!Cl=:(2DAN=GR
4:1AN>H46(+9 Vhza N~Qk Sk{b'k ?’Vk Sa'™J’{~ +A T—"$#Q%10-%'A?KK*3(wA?2q#%70@A?*-%A?5=6%z>-(`K*3(+5BA?546=:460}R
>H462DA?=6=6X*-%7K*-%70-%19w>pA?Pp546W+<(+<0i0346>-<BAN>H46(+90lA?9Q.r>-#%1*3%7Mn(+*3%%79BA?5=6%c*3(+5(?>H0{>-(=6(I21A?=:461%/>-#%1Pc0-%7=6C+%70
<9.Q%1*zW+=:(+5A?=<927%1*}>qA?469Y>xX?TJs %$&F46=:=.460-27<0-0L>H#%70-%VA?KK*3(wA?2q#%70469cPc(+*3%E.Q%7>qAN4:=4698>-#%E*-%1PA?469.%1*
(?MJ>-#4:0E2q#BA?KI>H%1*7T l=6(+5BA?=gANKK*-(+A?2q#%10`#BADC+%‚>x&)(]46PK(+*3>HA?9w>EA?.QCNA?9w>qANW+%10V(C?%1*V=:(2DA?=g(+9Q%10 F™j4:*-0}>D‡
>H#Q%7X†A?=6=:(!& *-(+5(?>-0{>H((+K%1*-AN>H%;&F46>-#†A#4:W+#Q%1*i.%7W+*-%7%c(NM'A?<I>H(+9(?P/X+‡g034:927%p>H#%84:9Q46>H4:A?==:(2DAN>-4:(+9
(?Mz>H#%8*3(+5(N>l.(I%70l9(?>l#BADC+%8>H(5%;0-K%12746ŠB%7.oT]~%121(?9.o‡%7C?%19 4GM)>-#%84:94G>H4:A?==:(2DAN>-4:(+9 460i,9Q(&F9 ‡
W+=6(+5BA?= A?KK*3(wA?2q#%70EKQ*-(!C4:.%|A?9dA?..Q46>H46(+9BA?==:%\C+%7=o(?Mj*-(+5<Q03>H9Q%10-07‡O.<%i>H(;>H#Q%14:*'A?54:=646>xX8>H(8*3%121(!C?%1*
Mn*-(?P =:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9MAN4:=:<Q*-%?T
,"
5
&6 07 07
0+! 20D!
.
!Q 0+!
5
2
;]B
$< > ?nS
_ 0-%127(+9.;.46P%790-46(+9‚A?=:(+9QWE&F#462q#p=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9{Pc%7>-#(I.Q0—2DAN9/5%W+*3(+<K%1.p460
27(+927%1*-9Q%1.p&F46>-#/>H#Q%
9BAN>-<*-%(?M'>-#%Z%79YC46*-(+9Pc%19w>p&F#Q4:2q# >-#%7Xr2DAN9PZAN03>H%7*1Td"$#%]PAš3(+*346>xX (?MF% [I4:03>-4:9WtA?KK*3(wA?2q#%70
4:0‚5BA?03%1.(+9>H#Q%A?0-03<PKI>H4:(?9 >H#BAS>D‡LA?2721(+*3.4:9W>H(>H#Q%]*-(+5(?>1ˆ 0p03%1903(+*-07‡z>-#%](+9Q=6XuA?0-K%12\>;>H#BAS>
PA!X†2q#A?9W+%(C?%1*/>-4:Pc%84:0i>H#%*-(+5(?>1ˆ 0|(!&F9=:(2DAN>-4:(+9 TZ"$#460/4:0l>xXK4:21A?=:=GX (+9=GX>H#Q%Z2DAN0-%Z4GM'>H#Q%
%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>{460`0}>qAN>-4:2/(?*V4GMJ>H#%/.QX9BA?Pc4:210V(?MJ>-#%p%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>{21A?99(N>{5%pK%7*-27%146C?%1.>-#*-(+<QW+#
>H#Q%i*-(+5(?>Dˆ‰0$0-%790-(?*-01T V9IMn(+*3>-<9BAN>-%1=6X?‡I>-#4:0$460'9(?>$>-*-<%{Mn(+*P(+0}>$4:9Q.(I(?*'%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>H07‡B5%72DA?<03%
>H#Q%14:*FANKK%1A?*HAN921%|2DA?9d2q#BA?9QW+%l0-4:W?946ŠB21A?9w>H=GX]2DAN<0-%7.o‡O%?T‰WT6‡B5wXMn<*3946>-<*-%i>-#BAN>F4:0$Pc(!C+%7.A?*3(+<9.o‡
(+K%19%7. 27=:(+03%1..((+*-07‡)(+*;K%1(?K=:%]>-#BAN>80-<Q*-*-(?<9.>H#%*3(+5(N>DT"$#Y<07‡'A?9 4:PcK(?*3>qAN9Y>/W+(wA?=)(?M
*-%70-%1A?*-2q#…(?9 Pc(+546=:%]*3(+5(N>89BADCI46WwAN>-4:(+94:0;>-#%.%7C?%1=:(?KP%79w>Z(?M`P%\>H#(.0;>H#AN>c2DA?9 =:(2DA?=64:7%A
*-(?5(?>F469.QX9BA?Pc4:2i%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>H07T
1
B1 SO I
_ >H#46*-.Z.Q4:Pc%19034:(+984:0zW+4GC+%19 ‡I4GM &)%`21(?90-46.%1*L&F#%7>-#%1*)>H#%E=:(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9;P%\>H#(.cK*-(!C4:.%70Pc%DA?9Q0
>H(;27(+9w>H*3(+= >H#Q%i*-(+5(?>$03(AN0'>H(;5%103>F=6(I21A?=:461%E46>1TLh—A?030-46C?%l=:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9c% [I21=:<Q0-46C?%1=GXA?..*3%1030-%10F>H#Q%
%10}>H46PZAN>-4:(+9(?M
>H#%i*3(+5(N>Dˆ‰0'K(?0-46>-4:(+9Z5BA?0-%7.(+9dA?94:927(+Pc4:9Wp0}>H*3%DA?Pm(?M
0-%19Q0-(+*F.BAN>HAQT@U >$*3%103>-0F(+9
>H#Q%VAN0-0-<QPKQ>-4:(+9;>-#BAN>z9%14G>H#%7*L*-(+5(?>LPc(?>H46(+9o‡+9(?*J>H#%FK(+4:9w>H469Wi.46*-%12\>H46(+98(?M>-#%E*-(+5(?>Dˆ‰0@0-%790-(?*-0
2DAN9]5%E21(?9Y>-*-(+=6=:%7.oTjs #46=:%EKBA?030-46C?%{A?KQK*-(wAN2q#%10)#BADC+%`>-#%{A?.IC?AN9Y>HA?W+%F>H#BAS>)>-#%7Xc.(p9Q(?>469w>H%1*}Mn%1*3%
%
5
5
&F46>-#>-#%{*-(?5(?>1ˆ 0zK*34:PA?*3X;>HA?0-,Y0'03<2q#A?0( 27%`.%7=:4GC+%1*}X+‡>H#%\XZ21A?9]5%`%\[>-*-%1Pc%1=GXc4:9% 274:%79Y>1T@Ux9
Pc(+03>F469.((+*'%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>H07‡O0-%7C?%1*-A?=K=^A?27%10$=6(I(+,c>H#%l0-A?P%{>-(;>H#%l*-(?5(?>1ˆ 0F03%1903(+*-07T)"$#%7*-%\Mn(+*-%N‡
%103K%7214:A?=:=GXZ.<Q*-4:9QWp>H#%lK*3(I27%10-0F(?MjW+=6(+5BA?==:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9o‡w46>$Pc4:W?#Y>'5%i9%721%70-0HAN*3X>H(8W+<Q4:.%lA;*-(?5(?>
>H( *3%1Pc(?>H%Z=:(2DAN>-4:(+90|4:9y(?*-.%7*/>H( .460HA?P/54:W+<AN>H%c5%\>x&%7%19 >H#%].Q4 %1*-%79w>8K(+030-465=:%K(+0346>-4:(+90‚(?M
>H#Q%r*3(+5(?>DT _V27>H4GC+%rK(?0-46>-4:(+9ƒ%703>-4:PAN>H46(+9…W+(%105%7X+(?9.>-#%†KBA?0-0346C?%uKBAN*HA?.46W+PdT U >A?0-03<P%70
>H#AN>F.<*34:9W8=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9o‡w>H#Q%i=:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9Z*-(?<Q>H469%i#BA?0FKBA?*}>H4:A?= (+*'Mn<Q=:= 27(+9w>H*3(+=g(!C+%1*F>H#Q%|*3(+5(?>D‡
K*3(C46.4:9W;>-#%l(+KK(+*3>-<946>xX>H(84:9Q21*-%1A?0-%i>-#%l% c2146%192\XdA?9.>H#%l*-(?5<03>-9%1030V(NM—=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9oT
"$#%|PZA?469W+(wA?=o(NM—>H#Q4:0'>H#Q%10-460V460'>H(c4:9w>H*3(I.Q<21%|A?9A?KK*3(wA?2q#>H(cK(?0-46>-4:(+9%703>-4:PAN>H46(+9]&F#4:2q# ‡
A?2721(+*3.4:9W>-( >H#460/>qAS[I(+9Q(+P/X+‡@MA?=6=:0‚4:9w>H(>-#%dA?*-%1A(?M`W?=:(+5BAN=”‡@A?2\>H4GC+%=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9r4:9y.QX9BA?Pc4:2
%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>H07T"$#Q%A?03K%727>H0(?MiW+=6(+5BA?=$=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9&F46=:=$5%tAN..*-%70-03%1.ƒ4:9 >H#4602q#A?KQ>H%7*1T€Ux9
b#BA?KI>H%1* Q‡!&)%z&F46=:=N%19#BAN921%z(+<*A?KQK*-(wAN2q#|>-(EW?=:(+5BAN=?=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9`469i(+*-.Q%1*g>H(FPA?,?%@4G>
A?KK=64:2DAN5=:%
%7C?%19r4:9#Q4:W+#=GXd.QX9BA?Pc4:2/%79wCI46*-(+9QP%79Y>-01T‚™B<*3>-#%1*3P(+*3%?‡&%p&F46=:=
0-#(!& 4:9†b#BANKQ>H%7* ‡ >H#AN>{>H#Q%
Mn*HANP%\&(+*3,8(?M
ŽtA?*3,?(!C=:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9;4:0L&%7=:=0-<4G>H%1.c>H(pKQ*-(!C4:.%VP%1A?90LMn(+*'A?2\>H4GC+%E21(+9w>H*3(+=:=64:9Wl>H#Q%
*-(?5(?>F03(ZAN0'>H(c5%703>E=:(2DA?=64:7%`46>1T
4
5
"
&
f$!#* % Q %0!0U % !) ;!
gf (I21A?=@A?KQK*-(wAN2q#%10|>H(P(?54:=6%p*-(+5(?>l=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9(+9=6Xt21(+9Q0-4:.Q%1*|Ad03PZAN=:=jMn*-A?27>-4:(+9†(?Mz>H#Q%0}>qAN>-%
0-KA?21%i(?Mg>-#%i*-(?5(?>'A?9.A?*3%{.%70-4:W?9%1.]>-(;21(+PcK%790HAS>H%{(.(+Pc%7>-*-4:2E%1*3*-(+*(I2721<*3*-4:9QWp.<*34:9W;9BADC4GR
WwAN>-4:(+9 T$"$#%/Mn*HAN27>H46(+9t(NMLA?=:=gK(+030-4:5Q=:%|=:(2DAN>-4:(+90F27(+90-46.%1*3%1.Mn(+*EK(+0-4G>H4:(?9%703>H46PZAS>H4:(?9d460`<03<BA?=6=6X
A03PZAN=:=gA?*3%DAc21%19w>-%1*-%7. A?*3(+<9.d>H#%|%10}>H4:PAN>-%1.tK(+0346>H46(+9(?M—>-#%|*-(+5(?>DT l((I.(!C+%7*3C4:%\&F0{(?Mj>H#460
21=:A?0-0F(?M
>H%72q#946˜<Q%10VA?*-%lW+4GC+%19d4:9 a L™ b)s T
Ux9(?*-.%7*J>H(l%10}>H4:PAN>-%>H#%FK(+0-4G>H46(+9p(?M Ai*-(+5(?>D‡Ns %74 |A?9.821(?=:=:%1A?W+<%70J03>-(+*-%EA?9QW+=:%'#Q4:03>-(+W+*-A?P0
21(?903>-*-<2\>H%1.(+<Q>F(?Mj=^AN0-%1*F*-A?9W+% R ŠB9.Q%1*$0-21A?90F>qA?,N%19tAN>F.4 %1*3%19w>F=:(2DAS>H4:(?90'4:9>-#%l%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>
sƒsƒCQh T`"$#Q%;K(+0346>-4:(+9A?9.(?*-4:%79w>qAN>-4:(+9(?M@>H#%‚*-(+5(?>`.<*-469WZ9A!C46WwAN>H46(+9t460`21A?=:27<=^AN>-%1.5YX
PAS[I4:Pc4:1469W8>H#%;27(+*-*3%1=^AS>H4:(?95%\>x&%7%19u#4:0}>H(+W+*-A?Pc0`(?ML>H#Q%;9%7&•P%1A?0-<*3%1Pc%19w>H0lAN9. >H#%;0}>H(+*3%1.
#4603>H(?W+*HA?Pc01T—"$#4:0$PAS[I4:Pp<QP‡Y>H(+W?%7>H#Q%1*$&F46>-#d(.(+Pc%7>-*-462`4:9IMn(+*-PAN>H46(+9o‡Y4:0$<Q0-%1.>H(846946>-4^A?=64:1%F>H#Q%
PAN>H2q#](NMo>H#%`9%\[>$032DA?9]&F4G>H#>-#%{27(+*-*3%10-K(+9.Q4:9Wp0}>H(+*3%1.AN9W+=:%V#4:0}>H(+W?*HA?Pc01T )A?PZAN<2q#4A?KK=64:%10
A 0-46P46=^A?*l>H%72q#94:˜Y<%>-(r%703>-4:PAN>H%Z>-#%K(?0-46>-4:(+9 (?MVA†*3(+5(?> ’E%<0-%70#Q4:=:= Rx27=:4:P/54:9W]>-(†PZAN>-2q#
=:(2DAN=BPZA?KQ0)5<Q4:=6>@Mn*3(+P <=G>H*HAN0-(+9462F0-%19Q0-(+*30$A?WwA?46903>zK*3%7C4:(?<0-=GX5Q<4:=G>LPZA?KQ0 )A?P TJ"$#%VPZA?KQ0
A?*3%p5<46=6>V5BA?0-%7.†(+9 %7C4:.Q%1927%;W+*-46.0 ‰Ž(+* T|_V0{4:9 sƒsƒCIh ‡>H#%;=6(I21AN>H46(+9d(?ML>H#%p*3(+5(?>{460
*-%7K*-%70-%79Y>-%1.5wX>-#%lK(+0346>-4:(+9ZX46%1=:.Q4:9Wp>-#%l5%703>EPZAS>H2q#oT
Ux9/27(+9w>H*HAN03>
>H($>H#%70-%)P%\>H#(.01‡SPA?9wXi%\[I4:0}>H469WEA?KK*3(wA?2q#%70j>H(EK(+0-4G>H4:(?9{>H*HAN2q,469WE<0-%
?‡Ai>H%72q#94:˜Y<%F&)%1=:=B03<46>-%1.cMn(+*@4:9w>H%7W+*HAS>H4:9QW|03%1903(+*z4:9QMn(+*3PZAS>H4:(?9p(!C+%1*z>H46P%NTj"$#460)Pc%7>-#(.
&A?0@ŠB*-0}>)KQ*-(+K(+0-%7.85YX;k|AN=:PA?9 k|AN= A?9.82DAN9c5%$<03%1.8>H(l%10}>H4:PAN>-%>H#%F0}>qAN>-%$(?MoAN9AN*-54G>H*HAN*3X
=:469%DAN*.QX9BA?Pc4:2VK*-(21%70-07T LA?2q#CNA?*-4:A?5=6%V.%70-27*-4:5Q4:9Wp>-#%i03>HAN>H%i(?M>-#%{K*3(I27%10-0$>-(;5%{Pc(.%1=6%1.]460
*-%7K*-%70-%79Y>-%1.u5YXA |A?<Q0-0-4:A?9 .4603>H*34:5<I>H4:(?9oTi"$#%8KBA?*-A?P%\>H%7*-0{(?ML>-#4:0{.Q4:03>-*-465<Q>H46(+9 A?*3%p<K.BAN>-%1.
&F#%79%7C?%1*A†27(+9w>H*3(+='4:08ANKK=:46%1. >-( >H#%0}XI0}>H%7P A?9.y&F#%19Q%7C+%7*9Q%7& Pc%DAN0-<*3%1Pc%19w>H0;Mn*-(?P >H#Q%
0-%790-(?*-0A?*-*346C+%NT "$#% >x&( ,Y4:9.Q0d(NM/<K.BAN>-%104:9€klA?=6PZA?9 ŠB=6>-%1*-469WA?*3% (?M >H%79*3%7Mn%1*3*-%7.€>-( AN0
0+!
0+(
0D&
%D%
*,1':'6&
$.
!+(
.
4
2
0D&
0+!
.*,6
0
: ;-!%'(!?=6rA?9Q. %#?=: :##%'!?=6BTFUx9t>H#Q%/K*3%1.4627>H46(+9dK#BA?03%?‡ >-#%/2q#BAN9W+%/(NMJ>H#%‚03>HAN>H%‚.<%‚>-(]21(?9Y>-*-(+=
A?2\>H4:(?90`460VPc(I.Q%1=:%7.oTE"$#%p21(?*-*-%727>-4:(+9K#BA?03%p21(+*3*-%727>H0V>H#%p0}>qAN>-%/.%70-27*-4:KI>H4:(?9t5wXt27(+Pp54694:9QW>H#Q%
%10}>H46PZAN>-4:(+9Z(?Mj>-#%l03>HAN>H%i&F46>-#4:927(+P469W;0-%790-(?*E.AN>qA 03%1%|%?T‰WT ‰ŽtADX 0D( gMn(+*FA?94:9w>-*-(.<27>-4:(+9]>-(
k A?=:PA?9]ŠB=G>H%7*-4:9QW\T—s #Q%19ANKK=:46%1.]>-(K(+0-4G>H46(+9]>H*-A?2q,Y4:9W;Mn(+*$Pc(+546=:%{*3(+5(N>H01‡I>H#%lK*3(I27%10-0F>H(c5%
l
%10}>H46PZAN>-%1.;460—>H#% R YR K(+0-4G>H46(+9/(?M>H#Q%'*-(+5(?>J&F4G>H#469p>H#%$%79wCI46*-(+9QP%79Y>1T@’V%7*-%N‡+>H#%'&F46.Q>H#;(?M>H#Q%
lA?<0-034^A?9;.Q4:03>-*-465<Q>H46(+9/*3%1K*3%103%19w>H0L>H#%=:(2DA?=<927%1*3>HA?4:9w>xX/(?MO>H#%'%703>-4:PAN>H%7.;K(+0346>-4:(+9oTs #%79%7C?%1*
>H#Q%/*-(?5(?>`P(!C?%101‡>H#%‚%103>-4:PAN>H%7.tK(+0-4G>H46(+9t460V03#46M >-%1. A?2721(+*3.4:9QWZ>H(Z>-#%/.Q4:03>HA?927%/Pc%DA?03<*-%7. 5YX
>H#Q%p*-(+5(?>1ˆ 0{(.(+Pc%7>-*3X?T V%7& 0-%790-(?*3X469K<Q>{4:0`46921(?*-K(+*HAN>-%1. 469Y>-(Z>H#Q%pK(?0-46>-4:(+9%10}>H4:PAN>-4:(+95YX
PAN>H2q#469W{>H#Q%EK%1*321%7KQ>H0)A?WwA?46903>—>H#%'&)(+*-=6.8P(.%1= Tjs #46=:%>-#%$%\[I4603>H469W|A?KK=64:21AN>H46(+90—(NMoklA?=6PZA?9
ŠB=G>H%1*34:9W >-(uK(+0-4G>H46(+9y%10}>H4:PAN>-4:(+9A?*3%0-4:Pc4:=:A?*/469 #Q(& >H#%\XP(.%1=)>H#%dP(N>H4:(?9y(?M`>-#%*3(+5(?>D‡
>H#Q%7Xu.4 %1*‚P(+0}>H=GX†4:9#(!&„>H#Q%Z=:46,?%7=:4:#Q(I(.†(?MF(+503%1*3CNAN>-4:(+9Q0pAN>‚>H#%].Q4 %1*-%79w>;=:(2DAN>-4:(+9Q0|469 >H#Q%
%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>$460.%\>H%1*3P469%1. T@Ux9]>H#%{*3%1PA?4:9Q.%1*z&%{&F46=:=O.4:0321<030$0-(+Pc%iA?KQK=:462DAN>-4:(+90z(?M
klA?=6PZA?9
ŠB=G>H%1*30$>H(8K(?0-46>-4:(+9]>-*HA?2q,Y469W;Mn(+*$P(?54:=6%`*-(?5(?>-01T
fg%1(+9BAN*-. A?9Q. ‘{<*-*-A?9w>3R”s #YXY>-%/PAN>H2q#5%DAN21(+90V%\[>H*-A?27>-%1.Mn*3(+P 0-(+9A?*`032DA?90V&F46>H#5%1A?21(?90
K*3%1.4627>H%7.tMn*-(?P AW+%1(+Pc%7>-*-462|PA?K(?M@>H#%‚%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w> f‘Fs DA ”TE"$#%70-%;5%DA?27(+90`27(+9034:03>`(?M
T"j(<K.AN>H%l>H#%‚K(?0-46>-4:(+9
K=:A?9%107‡O27X=:469.%1*301‡A?9.21(+*39%1*30`5BA?03%1.(?9
%10}>H46PZAN>-4:(+9 ‡ob(D[†PAN>H2q#Q%10i.4603>qAN921%70iP%1A?0-<*3%1.†5wX469QMn*HA?*3%1. *-A?9W+% R ŠB9.Q%1*-0lANWwA?4:9Q03>lA]=64:9%‚0-%1WSR
Pc%19w>{.%70-27*-4:KI>H4:(?9 (?M@>H#%‚%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w> ‰b(![ T i<Q>HPA?99A?9.†~I2q#Q=:%1W?%1=—% [>H%19Q.%1.†>H#460V&)(+*-,
>H(p&)(+*3=:.Pc(I.%7=:0)21(+9034:0}>H4:9QWp(?M
*-%\Mn%1*-%7921%l032DA?90'Mn*3(+P =^A?03%1*'*-A?9W+% R ŠB9.Q%1*-0$0}>H(+*3%1..<*34:9W;% [IK=:(NR
*HAS>H4:(?9 |~ Tp"$#Q%7X†A?KQK=6XAZ>H%12q#Q94:˜Y<%c4:9w>H*3(I.Q<21%7.r469 ‰f
Ž J>H(PAN>H2q#>-#%80-21A?90|A?WwA?46903>
>H#Q%l&)(+*3=:.P(.%7=”T
~I2q#46%1=:%AN9. b*-(!&F=:%\Xy21(+PcKBA?*3%].4 %7*-%19w>80}>H*HAS>H%1W?4:%10p>-(>H*-A?2q, >H#Q%*-(+5(?>Dˆ‰0;K(+0-4G>H4:(?95BA?03%1.
(+9u(I2721<KBAN927XrW+*34:.rPZA?KQ0‚AN9. <=G>H*-A?0-(+9Q4:280-%790-(+*3
0 ‰~b ”T]"$#%\Xu27(+PcK<Q>H%A=:(2DA?=@W+*34:.rPZANK
<034:9W>-#%P(?03>;*3%121%79w>03%1903(+*;*-%1A?.469W+01T ~I<2q# A =:(2DAN=)PA?K460pPZAS>H2q#%7. ANWwA?4:9Q03>/>-#%W+=6(+5BA?=
W+*34:.dPZA?K>H(cK*3(I.<Q21%‚AK(+0-4G>H4:(?9AN9.t(+*34:%79Y>HAN>H46(+9%10}>H4:PAN>-%l&F#Q4:2q#t460F21(+Pp5Q4:9%7.d&F4G>H#>-#%|K*-% R
C4:(+<Q0i%103>-4:PAN>H%/<0-469WdAdklA?=6PZAN9tŠB=6>-%1*7Tp"$#%8%\[IK%1*-46P%79w>H0l*-%7K(+*}>H%7.r469 >H#460iKBA?K%1*i0-#Q(& >H#BAS>
PAN>H2q#469W/=6(I21A?=O(I2721<KA?927XW+*34:.ZPA?K0A?WwA?46903>A‚W?=:(+5BAN=W?*-4:.PZANKZ*-%70-<=G>H0'469ZW+((.Z=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9
K%1*3Mn(?*-PA?921%NTL~I46P46=^A?*J*3%103<=6>-0#BADC+%V5%7%19AN2q#4:%\C+%1.]&F#Q%19%\[>-*HA?2\>H4:9QW‚Mn%DAS>H<*3%10)Mn*3(+P 5(?>H#PZA?KQ0
5%7Mn(+*3%PZAN>-2q#4:9QW>H#%7PTUx9 A 0-46P46=^A?*l&)(+*-,O‡~I#BA %1*;%\>ZAN=”T—27(+PcKBA?*-%>H#%*-(?5<03>-9%1030(NME>x&)(
.4 %7*-%19w>FPAN>H2q#Q4:9W/>-%12q#9Q4:˜Y<%10EA?W+A?4:90}>'.4 %7*-%79Y>F03(+<*321%10F(?M
9(?4:0-% ~ |~ T@"$#%70-%i>H%72q#946˜<Q%10
A?*3%i5BA?0-%7.(?9d=:A?0-%7*$*HA?9QW+%\R”ŠB9.%7*-0 L"$#%iMn%1AN>H<*3%\R 5BA?0-%7.%703>-4:PAN>H46(+9ZŠB*303>F%\[>-*HA?2\>H0$Mn%DAN>-<*-%70$Mn*-(+P
A80-%19Q0-(+*V0-2DAN9A?9.PZAS>H2q#%70E>-#%1P A?WwAN4:90}>$Mn%DAN>-<*-%70`K*3%1.4627>H%7.Mn*3(+P >H#Q%‚PA?KoT)_`9t4621(+9Q4:2l%10}>H4GR
PAN>H(+*`PZAN>-2q#%10i%79.K(+4:9w>-0|(NMz>-#%;0-21A?9uA?WwA?46903>i=64:9%/0-%1W?P%79Y>-0l%\[>H*-A?27>-%1.†Mn*-(+P APA?KoT‚"$#%7X
21(?921=6<.%{5wXK*-(+K(+034:9W;A‚21(+Pp5Q4:9BAN>-4:(+9c(?Mg>-#%`>H%72q#946˜<Q%10$4:9Z(+*-.%7*>H(/21(+Pp5Q4:9%E>H#%{5%19Q%7Š>-0'(?M
5(?>H#oT
_`0;9(N>H%1.AN5(!C+%N‡LA?=:=z4:PcK=6%1Pc%19w>qAN>-4:(+9Q0|(NMEk|AN=:PA?9uŠB=G>H%7*-4:9QWMn(+*‚K(+0346>-4:(+9u%103>-4:PAN>H46(+9r*-%10}>
(+9>H#%‚A?030-<PcKQ>H46(+9>H#BAS>E>-#%lK(?0-46>-4:(+9(?M
>H#Q%‚*3(+5(N>F2DA?95%l*-%7K*-%70-%79Y>-%1. 5wXdA;0-469W+=:% lA?<030-4:A?9
.4603>H*34:5<I>H4:(?9oTp~%7C+%7*HA?=L46PK=6%1Pc%19w>qAS>H4:(?90V#A!C?%80-#(!&F9u>-#BAN>i>-#4:0iAN0-0-<QPKQ>-4:(+9†460i*-%DAN0-(+9BAN5=:%/Mn(?*
*-(?5<03>A?9Q. % 274:%79Y>cK(+0-4G>H46(+9 >H*-A?2q,Y4:9WQT V9QMn(+*}>H<9AN>H%7=6X+‡L>H#Q4:08A?030-<PcKQ>H46(+94:0pC4:(?=^AN>-%1.y46ME>H#Q%
.
4
4
0
: !!?=6 " ? %#?=6 "' 6 -& 0 .
0&
#. 0+!
5
2
0D&
7
1
C. 0 2.
)(
K(+0-4G>H4:(?9;(?MgAl*-(+5(?>L#BAN0z>-(|5%E%103>-4:PAN>H%7.;Mn*-(+P 0321*-AN>H2q#o‡4”T‰%?T+&F4G>H#(?<Q>z,9Q(&F=6%1.W?%V(?M>H#Q%V0}>qA?*}>H4:9QW
K(+0-4G>H4:(?9;(?M >-#%F*-(+5(?> j‘{<%$>H(|=:(2DAN=0-46P46=^A?*346>H46%104:98>H#Q%E%79wCI46*-(+9QP%79Y>L>-#%VK(+0346>H46(+9;(?M>H#%E*-(?5(?>
2DAN9Z(+9=GX;5%E.Q%7>H%7*-Pc4:9%7.Z<9Q4:˜Y<%1=GX+‡Y46M %19(?<W+#c0-%19Q0-(+*)*-%DAN.4:9W?0)AN*-%E21(+=6=:%12\>H%7.ZAN>z.4 %7*-%79Y>)K=:A?21%70
4:9p>-#%F%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>DT@‘{<Q*-4:9QW`>H#%FK*3(I27%1030z(NM W+=6(+5BA?==:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9o‡>H#%$K(+0346>H46(+9p%703>H46PZAS>H4:(?9/>H%72q#IR
946˜<Q%{#BA?0>-(p5%iA?5=6%E>-(;*-%1KQ*-%103%19w>EA?Pp5Q4:W+<(?<0K*3(+5BA?5Q4:=:4G>xX;.4603>H*34:5<I>H4:(?901T—s #Q4:=:%F>H#Q4:0KQ*-(+5=6%1P
21(?<=:.c4:98K*34:9274:K=6%'5%E0-(?=6C+%7.c&F4G>H#klA?=:PA?9pŠB=G>H%1*30L5YX846921=6<.469W pK(+0-034:5=6%$03>qAN*3>H469Wl=:(2DAN>-4:(+9
(?M
>H#%|*-(?5(?>F469w>H(;>H#%|03>HAN>H%iCNA?*34^A?5=6%?‡&%l&F4:=6=o4:9w>H*3(I.Q<21%|A;P(?*-%lW+%19Q%1*HAN=A?9.d%\[IK*-%70-0346C+%|>H%72q#IR
946˜<Q%{Mn(+*0}>qAN>-%i%103>-4:PAN>H46(+9Z469Z>H#Q%i9%\[>F0-%727>-4:(+9oTz~%7C+%7*HA?=g46=:=6<03>-*HAN>-46C+%E%\[QA?PcK=6%10Mn(+*'A?Pp546W+<(+<0
0-4G>H<BAS>H4:(?90'.<*34:9W8W+=6(+5BA?= K(+0346>-4:(+9]%703>-4:PAN>H46(+9]&F4:=6= 5%|W?46C+%79469d~I%12\>H46(+9 T IT
2
6 +
-
%% .
4 t,;!
:#< ?=)9*/?@%;*,A@!?=6K*3(!CI46.%10VA8W+%19%7*HA?=K*3(+5BA?5Q4:=:4603>-4:2VMn*-A?Pc%7&)(+*-,Z&)%1=6=GR 0-<4G>H%1.Mn(+*$W+=6(+5BA?=6=6X%10eR
>H46PZAS>H4:9QW/>H#%lW+=6(+5BA?= K(+0346>-4:(+9(?MJA;P(+5Q4:=:%`*-(+5(?>F5BA?03%1.(+9(?50-%7*3CNAN>H46(+90EA?9.A?2\>H4:(?901TLs %l<03%
>H#Q%F>-%1*3P ‹HŽtA?*3,?(!C8=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9V5%72DA?<03%V4G>L4:0LAi.46*-%12\>)A?KK=64:2DAS>H4:(?9p(?M03>qAS>H%F%10}>H4:PAN>-4:(+9p&F4G>H#469
>H#Q%/Mn*HA?Pc%7&)(+*3,(?M‚‹3h—A?*}>H4^AN=:=6X](+50-%7*3CNA?5=6%8ŽtA?*3,?(!C.Q%121460-46(+9K*3(I27%10-03%103 h |Ž‘ih Toh lŽt‘ih@0
#BADC+%]>-#%146*/(+*34:W+4690|4:9 >-#%].(+PA?469 (?MF(+K%1*-AN>H46(+90‚*-%103%DA?*32q#y&F#%1*3%]>H#%\XyA?*3%Z<03%1.yMn(+*/PA?,Y4:9QW
(+KQ>-4:PA?=.%1274:0-46(+90@<9Q.%1*L<927%1*}>qA?469Y>xXp4:9;5(?>H#o‡YAN27>H469WlA?9.803%19034:9WTjs #%19A?KK=GX4:9Wlh lŽt‘ih@0
>H(8A;K=:A?99469WpK*3(+5=6%1Pd‡I>H#Q%i03>qAS>H%i(?M>H#Q%{&(+*3=:.469]&F#4:2q#dA?9dA?W+%79w>EA?27>-0$4:0'Pc(I.Q%1=:%7.5wX](+9%i(?*
0-%\C+%7*HA?=O*HAN9.(+P•CNA?*34^A?5Q=:%10LAN9.;>H#%EK%7*3Mn(+*3PZAN921%$(?M>H#Q%E.Q%121460-46(+98PZA?,Y469W|A?W+%19w>z4:0@Pc%DAN0-<*3%1.c5YX
>H#Q%'<Q>H46=:4G>xXl(?MB>H#%03>qAS>H%10—(?MB>H#%'&)(+*3=:.oT
"$#4:0—<Q>H46=:46>xXl21A?9;5%W+4GC+%19 ‡w%?T‰WT6‡?5YX‚>H#%P(+9Q%7>qAN*3Xl&%1A?=6>-#
(?MAi21(+PcKBA?9wX/(+*—>H#Q%E.Q4:03>HA?927%$(?MAlPc(+546=:%z*-(+5(?>JMn*3(+P•4G>H0JW?(wA?=Q=6(I21AN>H46(+9oTjh@*-(+5=6%1Pc0J21(?921%7*-9469W
>H#Q%c27(+PcK=:% [Q4G>xXt(NM'h lŽt‘ih—RxK=:A?99469W]&F4:=6=—5%8.4:0321<030-%1.u0-#(?*3>H=GX469r~I%12\>H4:(?9 T T {9%8(?Mz>H#Q%
PA?4:9cK*-%721(+9Q.46>-4:(+90LMn(+*zPZAN,469Wl.%1274:034:(+90)4:0z,Y9(!&F=:%1.QW+%{A?5(+<Q>z>H#Q%`03>HAN>H%V(?Mo>-#%V&)(+*-=6.oT E9QMn(+*}R
>H<Q9BAN>H%7=6X?‡g4:9†P(?03>l*-%1A?=:4603>-4:2/%79wCI46*-(+9QP%79Y>-0i>H#%803>HAN>H%8(?Mz469Y>-%1*3%103>|21A?99(?>|5%;(+503%1*3C?%1..Q4:*-%727>-=6X
5<Q>{2DA?9 (+9Q=6Xd5%/%103>-4:PAN>H%7.t5BAN0-%1.†(+9t<921%7*3>HA?4:9 03%1903(+*3Xt4:9QMn(+*3PZAS>H4:(?9oT`’E%1927%?‡gAN9 4:PcK(+*}>qA?9w>
21(?PK(+9%79Y>L(NMoh lŽt‘ih@0L4:0J>H#Q%
‡+&F#4:2q#84:0@*3%103K(+9Q0-4:5Q=:%'Mn(+*@%703>H46PZAS>H4:9QW`>H#%F0}>qAN>-%
(?M
>H#%i&)(+*-=6.5BA?0-%7.t(+946921(+Pc4:9QW;0-%19Q0-(+*F.BAN>HAAN9.(+9d>-#%|A?27>-4:(+9Q0'>qA?,N%19d5YX>-#%|A?W+%79Y>1T
ŽtA?*3,?(!Cy=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9r4:0;A03K%7214^AN=2DAN0-%(?MF0-<Q2q# A 03>HAN>H%Z%103>-4:PAN>H(?* ’V%1*3%?‡L>H#%ANW+%19w>;460;A
Pc(+54:=6%L*-(+5(?>@AN9.p>H#%03>qAS>H%'(?MO>-#%&)(+*-=6.p4:0
>H#%'K(+0346>H46(+9/(NMB>H#%'*3(+5(?>—&F4G>H#469p46>-0—%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w> \T
"
(c5%lP(?*-%{03K%72146Š2?‡O=:%\
> J.%79(?>H%i>-#%i*HA?9Q.(+P CNA?*34^A?5=6%`*3%1K*3%10-%79w>H4:9QW>H#Q%i03>qAS>H%l(?M
>H#%l*-(?5(?>
AN>V>H4:Pc
% T F.%19(N>H%10V>H#%p*3(+5(?>Dˆ‰0V5%1=64:%\MJ>H#BAS>{46>E&A?0{AN>`=:(2DAN>-4:(+
9 LAN>E>H4:Pc
% T`"$#460
5%1=:46%7M$*3%1K*3%103%19w>H0cAK*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xX†.4:0}>H*-465<Q>-4:(+9r(!C+%1*p>-#%]%79Y>-4:*3%]0-KBAN21%(?
M $T s %Z<0-%Z>-#%Z>-%1*-P
`46903>-%DA?.(?
M Mn(?*/>H#460;KBA?*}>H4:27<=^AN*/K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xXu.Q%190346>xXy469y(+*-.%7*;>H( %1PcK#BAN0-4:7%]>H#BAS>;>H#460
21(?*-*-%70-K(+9.0{>-(]>H#%/03>qAS>H%/>-(]5%/%103>-4:PAN>H%7.oTl’V%7*-%N‡ z21A?9 5%p%14G>H#%7*iAZ=:(2DAS>H4:(?9t4:9 R wR 0-KBA?27%
n&F#Q%1*-% yA?9Q.
A?*3%]b'AN*3>H%70-4:A?9u27(I(?*-.469BAN>H%70|A?9. 460i>H#%c*-(+5(?>1ˆ 0l(+*34:%19w>HAN>H46(+9 `(+*|A9(I.Q%469
A]>H(+K(+=6(+W+4:21A?=*-%7K*-%70-%19w>HAN>H46(+9u(NM)>-#%;%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>DT;"$#%80}>qAN>-%;*-%1KQ*-%103%19w>H%7.5w
X 460{<K.BAN>-%1.
4
4
4
4
4
& 4
"' 1 #"'(1?=:
2
1
!"#%$%$'&()*,+(-/.0/+(132415#%+(067+(.*/.3+(892(8/#%$:#<;=13#%>?13.3@A;>$:+B;C13+A15D/0/+(132415#%+(0,-9;FE#%0HG IKJKLMONQP
+
&F#%79%7C?%1*E9%7& 0-%19Q0-(+*}X4:9K<I>$4:0'*3%127%146C?%1.(+*>H#Q%i*-(+5(?>FPc(C?%107TLs 4G>H#(?<Q>$=:(?0-0'(?MjW+%79%1*-A?=:4G>xX&)%
A?030-<Pc%{>H#BAS>$AN>$%\C+%7*3X.460-27*-%7>-%iK(?4:9w> J469Z>H46P%`A/Pc%DA?03<*-%7P%79Y> o4:0'K%1*321%14GC+%7.AN9.A?9A?2\>H4:(?9
V4:08K%1*}Mn(+*-Pc%1. n>-#%d>-4:Pc%4:9.% [ 4:084:9Q21*-%7P%79w>H%1. ANM >H%7*;>H#%tA?27>-4:(+9 T "$#Q%>qAN0-,y(?M|ŽA?*-,N(C
=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9 4:0l>H(<K.BAN>H%>H#%5%7=:4:%\M {Mn(+*‚A?9wX =6(I21AN>H46(+9 F469u>-#%Z%79YC46*-(+9Pc%19w>8AN0‚>H#Q%
*-(?5(?>FPc(!C+%701T
Ux9 W+%79%1*-A?=”‡V>H#%r03>HAN>H%rAN>>H46P% ]#BA?0>H( 5%†21(?9.46>-4:(+9Q%1.€(+9 ‚.BAN>HA ADCNA?4:=:A?5=6%0-(MA?*
5
;*-%7K*-%70-%79Y>-0Z>H#Q4:085%7=:46%7M{W?46C+%79…A?=6=$K*-%\C4:(+<0A?2\>H4:(?90
{AN9.
K%1*-27%1KQ>-0 TE"$#%p27(+PcK<Q>qAS>H4:(?9(?ML03<2q#†A27(+9.4G>H46(+9BA?=gK*3(+5BA?5Q4:=:4G>xXW+*3(&F0`%\[IK(?9%19w>H4:A?=:=GX]&F46>-#
>H#Q%)9Y<Pp5%1*j(?M27(+9.4G>H46(+94:9QWFCNA?*34^A?5Q=:%107T @C?%19p&)(+*-03% >H#%z9Y<Pp5%1*j(?MQ>-#%27(+9.4G>H4:(?94:9W'CNA?*34^A?5Q=:%10
AN9. OW?*-(!&F0L=:4:9Q%DA?*3=6X|4:9;>H46P%NT—a)%7Mn(+*3%$4:9w>H*3(I.<Q214:9QW{>H#%VŽtA?*3,?(!C8=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9‚A?=:W+(?*-46>-#Pd‡S&)%
.460-21<Q0-0J>x&)(i4:PcK(+*}>qA?9w>j4:9.Q%1K%19.%7921%FAN0-0-<QPKQ>-4:(+9Q01‡?&F#462q#8A?*-%)9%127%1030HA?*}Xp>H({.Q%1*-4GC+%FA?9/% c2146%19w>
*-<Q=:%{Mn(+*$<K.BAN>-4:9W;>-#%l03>qAS>H%iCNA?*-4:A?5=:
% A?0F9%\& 4:9KQ<Q>F4:0$*3%121%746C?%1.oT
**
2
2
5
"!$#&%'#&"!$#(")*#,+.-/-/0$12%354768"-
"$#%|Mn(+=:=6(&F469Wp>x&)(A?0-03<PcKQ>H46(+90E.%10321*-465%|K*3(+K%7*3>-4:%10F&F#462q# A?9t%79wCI46*-(+9QP%79Y>V#BA?0F>H( AN>E=6%DA?0}>
A?KKQ*-(D[I4:PAN>H%7=6X zMn<=GŠB=:=4:9(+*-.Q%1*$>H(85%‚ANKK=:462DA?5Q=:%V>-(]ŽA?*-,N(C]=:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9oT
+T jY@j n
V"$#%|03>HAN>H% @AS>E>-4:Pc
% '03(+=:%7=6X].Q%1K%19.0V(+9>H#%|K*-%\C4:(+<0F0}>qAN>-% AN9.r>-#%8=^A?0}>|A?27>-4:(+9 K%1*}Mn(+*-Pc%1.†5wX>H#Q%ANW+%19w>|(+*1‡g469†(?>H#%7*i&(+*3.01‡jA?=6=—03>HAN>H%70
AN9.A?27>-4:(+9Q0/K*34:(+*l>H(t>-4:Pc% ].(t9(?>;A %727>p>-#%Z0}>qAN>-%AN>/>-4:Pc% l(?921% 460
,Y9(!&F9oTƒ"$#Q4:0A?0-03<PKI>H4:(?9o‡'A?0803<PPA?*34:1%7. 469 L˜OT T ‡4:0cA?=60-(†2DAN=:=:%7.…ŽA?*-,N(C
AN0-0-<QPKQ>-4:(+9034:927%|4G>F%\[IK*3%10-03%10`>-#%‚ŽtA?*3,?(!C4^A?9dK*-(?K%7*3>xX(?M
>H#Q%|%79wCI46*-(+9QP%79Y>1T
5 9
5 9
T $kl9Q(&F=6%1.W?%iA?5(+<Q>>-#%`K(+0346>H46(+9]AS>)>-4:Pc
% {A?9.AN5(+<I>>H#Q%
Pc(?>-4:(+9c21(+PcPA?9.c%\[I%127<Q>H%7.d5wXc>H#%V*-(+5(?>AN>z>H4:Pc% {460)03< c214:%79w>'>H(‚K*-%7.4:2\>>H#Q%
K(+0346>H46(+9](?M>-#%i*-(+5(?>'AN>$>H46P
% T@"$#4:0$AN0-0-<QPKQ>-4:(+9460'*-%1A?0-(?9BA?5=6%{4:9]>-#%i21(+9w>-%\[>F(?M
Pc(+546=:%l*-(?5(?>V=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9o‡034:927%pA?=6=
A?27>-4:(+90VA?9.tK(+0346>-4:(+90EK*34:(+*$>H( pK*-(!C4:.Q%
9Q(ZA?.Q.46>-4:(+9BAN= 4:9IMn(+*-PAN>H46(+9]AN5(+<I>$>H#%l21<Q*-*-%79w>`K(+0-4G>H46(+9(?M
>H#%l*-(?5(?>1T
T jY@j @ Y
'6 ': * %;="@
;
:9
=<
=
: < ?=).*/?@%;*,A@!?=6
>
=
=
@;
@<
?
5
><
*
A<
'6 ': * %;="@ Z"$#%cK%1*-27%1KQ> .Q%1K%19.0‚(+9=GX (+9†>H#%c03>HAN>H%c(?M>-#%;&(?*-=:.uAN>l>H46P%
T i
4 9Q21%‚&)%|,9Q(& e‡A?=6=o(?>H#Q%1*EP%1A?0-<*3%1Pc%19w>H07‡KQ*-4:(?*$03>qAS>H%107‡ AN9.A?2\>H46(+90F#BADC+%‚9(
469 B<%7921%|(+9>H#Q%|KQ*-%1.Q4:27>-4:(+9(?M eT
T
~I<2q# A]21(+9Q.46>-4:(+9BAN=—4:9Q.%1K%19.Q%1927%AN0-0-<QPKQ>-4:(+9†#BAN0i5%7%19r0-<2721%10303Mn<=6=6X†ANKK=:46%1. 469
.Q44 %1*-%79w>`AN*-%DAN0E(NM—K*3(+5BA?5Q4:=:4603>-4:2`*3%DA?03(+9469W 0-%7%‚%NT WQT ‰h
%DA+%+% T
;
:9
B
/C
D
E 9
F
E G : < ?=) */?@%;*,A@!?=6 d_V=:=LK%1*-27%1KQ>-0;.%1K%19Q.y(+9 >H#Q%ZK(+0-4G>H4:(?9 (?M'>-#%]*3(+5(N>‚&F4G>H#469
>-#%Z%79wCI46*-(+9QP%79Y>1T=$
T WTW+4GC+%79u>H#Q%ZK(+0-4G>H4:(?9r(NM>H#Q%Z*-(?5(?>1‡
>-#%c.4:0}>qA?927%Pc%DAN0-<*3%1.
5wXA‚KQ*-(D[I4:Pc46>xX;03%1903(+*(+9Q=6X;.%7K%79.0'(?9>H#Q%V.4603>HA?921%F>H(|>H#%E(+50}>qA?27=:%704:98>H#Q%V%79YC4 R
*3(+9Pc%19w>lA?9Q..(%106 ?=F
.%7K%79.†(+9t>H#Q%/.4603>qAN921%pPc%DAN0-<*3%1. 5wXAN9(?>H#Q%1*`KQ*-(D[I4:Pc46>xX
03%1903(+*1TV_`KBAN*3>`Mn*3(+P *-(?5(?>V=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9o‡>H#460`A?030-<PcKQ>-4:(+94:0VMn*3%1˜Y<%79Y>-=6XA?KKQ=:4:%7.t469
PA?K5<46=:.469WpMn(+*$Pc(+546=:%`*3(+5(?>H0 n0-%1%|%?T‰WT ‰Ž(+* %+% "$#* 0+?0 5 \T
@;
h@=:%DAN0-%$9(?>-%'>H#BAS>J>H#%$0-A?Pc%'4:9.Q%1K%19.%7921%VA?030-<PcKQ>H46(+90@AN*-%'PA?.%$5wX/>-#%$=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9i>H%72q#IR
946˜<Q%10F5BA?03%1.t(?9klA?=6PZAN9]ŠB=6>-%1*-469WT@a)(?>H#dA?030-<PcKQ>H46(+90F2DAN95%i0-<PcPA?*-461%1.dA?0$Mn(+=6=:(!&F01T
** : '*/')=6 =" #%'".? /"
=? :'*- : $?-&'*/;-96 "' 1 )=: */(" 68- .%#?=68-!?=68*
: ?# *,(!#"
68
= E G Ux9ƒb#A?KQ>H%7* †&%d&F4:=:=$.Q4:0-27<0-0Z0-46>-<BAN>-4:(+908469 &F#462q# >H#Q%10-%tA?0-03<PcKQ>H46(+90A?*-%C4:(+=:AN>H%7. 469 >H#Q%
2DAN0-%{(?MjŽA?*-,N(CZ=:(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+98A?9.]&F46=:=OK*-(?K(+03%iA‚>-%12q#946˜Y<%{Mn(+*)Š=6>H%7*-469W/03%1903(+*'Pc%DA?03<*-%7P%79Y>-0
21(?*-*-<QKQ>H%7.5wX9(+9RxPc(I.%7=:%7.A?0-K%12\>H0E(?Mj>-#%l%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>DT
6
4
6
)
5
3
6 4 3$1
476=
+
Ux9]>H#Q4:0'03%127>-4:(+9&)%i.%1*346C?%lA?9% c2146%19w>EA?=6W+(+*-4G>H#P Mn(+*'<K.BAN>-4:9W/>-#%iK(+0-4G>H4:(?9Z%10}>H46PZAN>-4:(+9ZA?0'>H#Q%
*-(?5(?>P(!C?%10$A?9Q.0-%19Q0-%107T)"$#Q%{˜Y<BA?9w>H4G>xXZ(?M469w>H%1*3%10}>$4:0A/K*-(?5BA?546=:46>xXp.4:0}>H*-465<Q>-4:(+9*-%1KQ*-%103%19w>H469W
>H#Q%‚*3(+5(N>Dˆ‰0E5%1=64:%\Mj(NMJ5%14:9QWAS>`A8=:(2DAS>H4:(?9 eTz"$#%|5%7=:46%7CM 5 '#BA?0F>H(85%|21(?9.46>-4:(+9Q%1.(+9A?=:=
K*3%7C4:(+<Q0$A?27>-4:(+9Q
0 A?9.K%1*321%7KQ>H
0 TLh@=6%DA?03%{9(?>-%?‡I>-#BAN>'&)%`&F*346>H%V>H#%{K%1*321%7KQ>H
0 A?9Q.A?27>-4:(+9Q0
4:90-PA?=:==:%\>->H%7*-07‡B5%72DA?<03%|>-#%7XA?*-%l(+503%1*}C+%1.dCNA?=:<%70$Mn(+*$K(?0-0-465=:%iK%1*321%7KQ>H0VA?9.dA?2\>H4:(?901TLa)X
A?KKQ=6X4:9W8aA!X?%107ˆ*3<=:%{&)%‚W?%7> @˜T T .%10321*34:5469Wc>-#%l5%7=:46%7M
(?Mj5%74:9WcAN>EA8=:(2DAN>-4:(+9 JAN>$>H46P%
T
#"
"!$#D&% (' # )+* ,.-.-.- , 0/1 ,.-.-.- , '32
4* )5%
'
# / * ,.-.-.- , /1 ,.-.-.- , &% ' #6)7* ,.-.-.- , 2
/ 1
4* )7*
,.-.-.- , ,.-.-.- , 2
B™ (+*>H#Q%|*3%DA?.Q%1*1ˆ‰0$21(?9YC?%1946%1927%|&)%i&F4:=6= (+Pc46>)>H#%i27(+9.4G>H4:(?94:9W|CNA?*-4:A?5=:%70;
>H#Q%|5%1=64:%\Mn0j&F#%79%7C?%1*`K(+030-4:5Q=:%?T@"$#Q4:0'X4:%7=:.0
<B9
,.-.-.- ,
=
,.-.-.- , ,.-.-.- , <BG=
,.-.-.- , ,.-.-.- , /1
,.-.-.- ,
,.-.-.- ,
,.-.-.-.,
,.-.-.- ,
T#&
48 :9"
469
Ux9u>-#%8Mn(+=:=6(&F469W]&)%&F4:=6=@0-#(!&„#(!& >-(t27(+PKQ<Q>H%;>H#Q%Z.4 %7*-%19w>|>H%7*-Pc0|(NM'>H#460l%1˜Y<BAN>-4:(+9oTZ"$#%
<K.BAN>-%1.C+%1*30-46(+90E(?M @˜OT T )&F46=:=o5%i0-%\>`469]Mn*HA?Pc%10EA?0'&)%1=6=”T
#&
)"
I
1O o
Ux9 @˜OT T \‡ B 'C ,.-.-.- ,.-.-.- , F.Q%10-27*-465%70`>H#%‚K*-(?5BA?546=:46>xXZ(?M@(+5Q0-%1*}C4:9W B@W?46C+%79
>H#Q%i*-(+5(?>H0$5%1=64:%\M
AN>$>H46P%
'A?9Q.AN=:= KQ*-%7C46(+<0$K%1*-27%1KQ>-01TLs 46>-#]>H#%lA?030-<PcKQ>-4:(+9 ‹3469.%7K%79.%19Q21%
(?MLK%1*321%1KI>H0-469w>H*-(.<27%1.469 @˜OT T \‡O>H#460V>H%7*-P 2DAN9 5%‚*-%7&F*346>3>H%19A?0 <B ' \T{h@=6%DA?03%
9(?>-%c>-#BAN>|>H#460‚KQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>xX46PKQ=:4:2746>-=6Xd*-%7K*-%70-%19w>-0p>H#%PZA?Kr(?M'>-#%c%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>;A?9.u4:0|(?M >H%79
*-%\Mn%1*3*-%1.†>H(dA?0i>-#%
T8~I<2q# AK%1*321%7KQ> )2DAN9u5%8%?T‰WTA.4:0}>qA?927%8P%1A?0-<*3%1.r5wX†A
K*3(![I46P4G>xX03%1903(+*i(+*`A?9†A?50}>H*HAN27>{Mn%1AN>H<*3%p0-<Q2q#uAN0iA].((+*}R”&'ADXd(+503%1*3C?%1.r4:9t>-#%;%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>DT
~I46921%c>H#%P(.%1=L(?M>H#%0-%19Q0-(+*p460/AN0-0-<QP%7. >H(5%03>qAS>H4:2N‡j&)%Z&F4:=6=J&F*-4G>H% |46903>-%DA?.u(?M
<B
H
c469 (+*3.%1*8>H(u%1PcK#BA?034:1%>H#Q%t4:9Q.%1K%19.Q%1927%(?M{>-#%>-4:Pc% T "$#460X4:%7=:.08>H#Q%
Mn(+=6=:(!&F4:9W/<K.AN>H%7.dC?%1*-034:(+9d(?M @˜T T \T
'&
"@'6 "@?=:9$?-&'*
'
#&
5
G =
5 ,.-.-.- ,
,.-.-.- ,
,.-.-.- ,
,.-.-.- ,
T,
"$#%A?KK=64:2DAS>H4:(?9(?M>-#%80-%790-(+*|Pc(I.%7=—>H(<K.BAN>-%;>H#%85%1=:46%7M)(?Mz>H#%8*-(?5(?>l27(+*-*3%103K(+9Q.0|>-(
H> #Q%
l(?M
>H#%l%703>H46PZAS>H4:(?9<K.AN>H%l4:9dklA?=6PZA?9ŠB=6>-%1*-469WT
#% ?=: : #%'!?=6 ="@
n g
"$#%{>-%1*-P
)469=@˜T T'& ).%70-27*-4:5%10'>-#%i%10}>H46PZAN>-%VMn(+*5%74:9W8AN>'=:(2DASR
,.-.-.- ,
,.-.-.- ,
>H46(+9 o4:PcP%7.4^AS>H%1=GX$ ':lA?2\>H46(+9 #BA?0z5%7%19Z% [I%121<I>H%1.]A?9. ' ?=: VA?9wX803%1903(+*Pc%DA?03<*-%7P%79w>
AN>$>-4:Pc% #A?0$5%7%19dK%7*-27%146C?%1.oTb(+9.Q46>H46(+9469W/>H#Q4:0'>H%7*-Pm(+9>H#%lK*3%7C4:(+<Q0$03>qAS>H%
*3%10-<Q=6>H0F469
@ ˜OT T#! \T8"$#460l>-*HA?9Q03Mn(+*3PZAN>-4:(+9 460)š3<03>-46ŠB%7.u5wX >-#%cMAN27>i>H#AN>
`0-<Pc0‚<QKr>-((+9Q%
(!C+%7*‚AN=:= T V(!& &)%82DA?9uA?KKQ=6Xt>-#%cŽtA?*3,?(!C 469.%1K%19Q.%1927%ZAN0-0-<QPKQ>-4:(+9†.%\ŠB9%7.u469@ ˜OT T*
A?9.dW+%\> L ˜OT T - T
,
!
G=
,.-.-.- ,
5 =9
5 =9
,.-.-.- ,
,.-.-.- ,
,.-.-.- ,
5
,.-.-.- ,
,.-.-.- ,
,.-.-.- ,
&%'!?=6$?-&'*
,.-.-.- ,
T,!
T
" #Q%)>H%7*-P 5 460
A?=:03(E21A?=:=6%1.
$
I0-46921%z46>
.%70-21*34:5%10>H#%z2q#BA?9QW+%
(?M)>H#%803>HAN>H%8.<Q%c>-(tA?2\>H46(+901T8Ux9ŽtA?*-,N(!C†=:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9o‡>-#4:0lPc(I.Q%1=J.%70-27*-4:5%10l>H#Q%K*3(+5BA?5Q4:=:4G>xX
>H#AN>>H#%u*-(+5(?>d4:0dAN>d=:(2DAS>H4:(?9 p<QK(+9€%\[I%721<Q>-4:9W…27(+9w>H*3(+= AN>tA K(+0-4G>H46(+9 T Ux9 Pc(+03>
A?KKQ=:4:21AN>H46(+90@(?MgŽtA?*3,?(!Cc=:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9/0-<Q2q#]21(+9w>-*-(+=A?2\>H4:(?90AN*-%FP%1A?0-<Q*-%1.5wXc>-#%E*-(+5(?>Dˆ‰0L&F#%1%7=
%19Q21(.%1*301T`Ux9 (?*-.%7*E>-(]P(.%7=
<Q921%7*3>qAN4:9w>xXt(NMJ>H#%‚(I.Q(+P%\>H*}X+‡P(+0}>`46PKQ=:%1Pc%19w>HAN>H46(+90$.%70-21*34:5%
>H#Q4:0$21(?9.46>-4:(+9A?= K*3(+5BA?5Q4:=:4G>xXc5YXA85(+<9Q.%1. |AN<0-034^A?9.4603>-*-4:5Q<Q>H46(+921%79Y>-%1*3%1.AS>$>H#%iK*3%1.4627>-%1.
K(+0-4G>H4:(?9(?Mj>-#%l*-(+5(?> n0-%1% a'™J’`~ +A \T
=
0+!
.
&
,-
ŒE%7K=^AN214:9QW 5 ,.-.-.- , ,.-.-.- , F469 @˜OT T F5wX>H#Q%/5%1=:46%7M—AN>E>H4:Pc%
‚X46%1=:.Q0
@˜OT T \T$’E%1*-%l&)%pA?=60-(c%\[IK*-%70-0`>-#%‚MAN27>E>H#BAN> 5? ,.-.-.- , ,.-.-.- , F(?9=6X.Q%1K%19.0`(+9
>H#Q%|KQ*-%7C46(+<0F03>HAN>H% A?9Q.d(?9d>-#%|A?27>-4:(+9K%1*3Mn(?*-Pc%1.4:PcP%7.4^AS>H%1=GX85%\Mn(+*-%i>-4:Pc%,
T
,%
A<
5 = =9
_`WwAN4:9o‡O&%‚(+Pc46>->-%1.>H#%/21(+9.Q46>H46(+9469W;C?AN*-4^AN5=:%70
\T E
(!& &)%‚21A?9*3%7&F*346>H% @˜OT T 'A?0
,
B
,.-.-.- ,
5 <BG
,.-.-.- ,
,.-.-.- ,
=9
,.-.-.- ,
5
4:9d>H#%‚5%7=:46%7M
T#0
"$#%c<K.AN>H%;(?Mz>H#Q%c5%1=64:%\MAN2121(?*-.469W>H(>H#%cA?2\>H46(+9 P(.%7=J21(+*3*-%70-K(+9.0l>H(>H#Q%
l(?M
>H#Q%|%703>-4:PAN>H46(+9<K.BAN>H%l469k|AN=:PA?9]ŠB=6>-%1*34:9WT
="@
T,%
: ;-!%'!?=6
O S B wQ n
"$#%c.%19Q(+P469BAN>-(+* <B ( ,.-.-.- , ,.-.-.- , {4:9 @˜OT T {4:0lA9(+*3PZA?=64:7%1*`&F#462q#u%790-<Q*-%10|>H#BAS>
5 $0-<Pc0{<Kt>-(](+9%‚(!C+%1*{A?=:==:(2DAS>H4:(?901TF_`W+A?4:9o‡O&)%p21(+9Q.46>-4:(+9>H#460V>-%1*-P
(+9>H#%p0}>qAN>-%
03%1% @˜T T \T—a)X8*-%7K=^AN214:9QWl>-#%E0-<PcPZAN9.0zA?2127(+*-.Q4:9Wl>H(l>H#%E0-%790-(?*'A?9.8>H#Q%`A?2\>H46(+9Pc(.%1=
&)%‚W+%\> @˜T T \T
*)(
*D
4* 2
)+* ,.-.-.- , /1
,.-.-.- ,
'
'
2
#0
4* ' # / *
)7% (
,.-.-.- ,
4* )5#
2
2
&% ' #6)+%
/1
,.-.-.-
/1
&% ('
2
#6)7* ,.-.-.- , /1
,.-.-.-
M48 48 xU 9>H#%‚*-%7PZA?469.%7*'&%|&F4:=:= .%19(N>H%‚>-#4:0F9(?*-PA?=:461%1*5YX <B F469(+*-.%7*E>-(Z%7PK#A?0-461%i>H#BAS>
>H#Q4:0'CNA?=:<Q%i.%10321*-465%70E>-#%lK*-(?5BA?546=:46>xXc(?M—(+503%1*3C469W jW+4GC+%19>H#Q%|27(+PcK=:%\>H%i5%1=:46%7MjAN>$>-4:Pc%
T
8
< ‚ !I
. 46C+%79>H#%*3%103<=6>-4:9WrŽtAN*-,?(!Cy<QK.BAS>H%]Mn(+*3Pp<=^Ad4:9 @˜OT T i&%9(!&
i
4:9Q21*-%7P%79w>qA?=@AN=:W+(+*346>-#P Mn(+*i<K.BAN>-4:9W]>-#%;5%7=:46%7M
4:9QK<Q>F4:0$(?5Q>qA?469%1. T
5 B
?A *-%AN5=:%Z>-( .%1*346C?%A?9
{A?0{>-#%8*-(+5(?>iPc(!C+%10l(+*`9%7&•0-%19Q0-(+*}X
5
=9
<B9 T _ 2721(+*3.4:9Wu>H( >-#4:0%1˜Y<BAN>-4:(+9o‡$&)%2DAN9ƒ4:9w>H%7W+*HAN>-%tPc(?>H46(+9 A?9.ƒK%1*-27%1KQ>-4:(+9 4:9.%7K%79.%79Y>-=6X?T
`
_'>%1A?2q# K(+469w>]4:9 >H4:Pc%?‡'>-#%5%1=64:%7Ml460ŠB*303><QK.BAS>H%1. <034:9Wu>H#%†A?2\>H46(+9…Pc(I.%7=”T"$#4:0ZX46%1=:.Q0
>H#Q%;K*-(+5A?54:=646>xX 5 E&F#462q# 21(+*3*-%103K(?9.0i>H(]>-#%p5%1=:46%7ML46PPc%1.4:AN>H%7=6X5%7Mn(?*-%p>H#Q%
K%1*-27%1KQ> B460gPZA?.Q%?T
"$#%)03%1903(+*
P%1A?0-<*3%1Pc%19w> Q4:0o>-#%19‚4:9w>H%7W+*HAN>-%1.|4:9w>H($>-#%)5%1=64:%\MI5wX|A?KQK=6X4:9QW
>H#Q%;0-%19Q0-(+*lPc(I.%7=”T|"—AN5=:% T ;46=:=:<Q03>H*-AN>H%70V>-#%8.4 %1*3%19w>l03>-%1K0l(?ML>H#Q4:0{<K.BAN>-%;*-<=6%?T‚_`WwA?469o‡ &)%
(+Pc46>3>H%1.]>-#%l21(+9Q.46>-4:(+9469W/CNA?*34^A?5=6%10'&F#%7*-%lK(+0-034:5=6%?T
*
LQ! @ B… p g g ! A?KK=GX &%'!?=6 $?-&'*12
w 1j7!: ;@Y I A?KK=GX "@'6 "@?=: $?-&'*12
6 ?=: *,A= 2
<
OZY n Q n
4
= 5K
5K
9
5 B
= 7
I 5
T)"
T &
T
"jA?5oT T +T@"$#%/ŽtA?*3,?(!C=:(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9ZAN=:W+(+*346>-#P
" #%;5%1=:46%7M E*-% %127>-0{>H#%;,Y9(!&F=6%1.W+%pA?5(?<Q>{>H#Q%p03>HA?*3>-4:9W]K(+0346>H46(+9t(NMz>-#%p*3(+5(N>DTiU M
$
>H#Q%EK(+0346>H46(+98(?M>H#%E*-(+5(?>L*3%1=^AS>H46C?%'>H(|46>-0@PZA?K8460z%79w>H4:*3%1=GX;<9,Y9(!&F9o‡ 5 J4:0@4:9Q46>H4:A?=:461%7./5wXcA
<94GMn(+*-P .4:0}>H*-465<Q>-4:(+9oTzU MJ>-#%‚46946>-4^A?=K(?0-46>-4:(+9(?M—>H#%|*-(+5(?>E4:0F,Y9(!&F9t&F4G>H#AN50-(+=6<Q>H%l27%1*3>HA?4:9w>xX?‡
>H#Q%19 5 p4:08A†‘{4:*-A?2].4603>H*34:5<I>H4:(?9y21%19w>-%1*-%7.…AN>;>-#4:0;K(+0346>H46(+9oTUx95(?>H# 2DAN0-%10;>-#%5%7=:4:%\M
<K.BAN>-%/%1˜Y<BAS>H4:(?90 @˜OT T FA?9. L˜OT T $A?*3%‚03< c214:%79w>{>H(*-%7Š9%‚>-#%/*3(+5(N>Dˆ‰0V5%1=64:%7M—<K(+9
0-%790-469WA?9.dP(!C4:9WQT
?C
6 )"
&
5
)!
$$%2.
4; t,;!
"$#% Mn*HANP%\&(+*3, (?MpŽtA?*3,?(!C =:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9 4:0W+%79%1*-A?={%19Q(+<W+# >H( A?=6=:(!& >H#%†<03%†(?MpAN*-54G>H*HAN*3X
0-%790-(?*-0lA?9.&(+*3=:.Pc(.%1=601T{‘{4 %7*-%79Y>VCNA?*-4:A?9w>H0`(NMzŽtA?*3,?(!C=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9#BADC?%;5%7%19 .%\C+%1=6(+K%1.
A?9.‚%1PcK=:(!X?%1.|0-<2721%10303Mn<=6=6X‚AN>
0-%\C+%7*HA?=I0-46>-%10 VhLa S~Qk k{b'k S’`k a'™J’{~ +A T
s #Q4:=:%
A?=6=4:PcK=:%7P%79w>qAN>-4:(+90
(?MgŽtA?*-,N(!C8=:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9‚*3%1=6Xp(+9;>H#%F<K.BAN>-%E2\X21=:%FK*3%103%19w>H%7.]4:98"jA?5=:% T +‡
>H#Q%{%\[I4:0}>H469Wp4:PcK=6%1Pc%19w>qAN>-4:(+9Q0z21A?9]5%{.4603>H469W+<460-#%7.]KBA?*}>H4621<=:A?*-=GX;5wXZ>H#Q%`.460-21*3%7>-4:DAS>H4:(?9Z(?M>H#Q%
03>HAN>H%V0-KBAN21%iA?9Q.Z&(?*-=:.ZP(.%1=B>-#%7Xc*-%7=6Xc(+9 —Ux9 VhLa Q~Qk Ik{b'k I’`k ‡QA
*-%7K*-%70-%79Y>HAN>H46(+9†(?ML>H#%;5%1=64:%\ML03>qAS>H%;4:0`<0-%7.o‡g&F#%1*3%;%DA?2q#rK(?0-0-465=:%/=:(2DAN>-4:(+9 z27(+*-*3%10-K(+9.Q0l>-(A
9(.%'469;AV>H(?K(+=6(+W+462DA?=wPA?Kp(?MB>-#%'%79YC46*-(+9Pc%19w>1TJ‘{<%>-(`>H#Q%'9BAN>-<*-%'(NMB>H#460J*-%7K*-%70-%19w>HAN>H46(+9o‡+>H#Q%
K%1*-27%1KQ>-"
0 |A?*-%‚A?50}>H*HAN27>FMn%DAN>-<*-%70V% [>H*HAN27>H%7.Mn*3(+P K*3(![I46P4G>xX]0-%790-(?*-0 %?T‰WTA;K%7*-27%1KQ> ‚2DAN9t5%
>H#Q%i.%7>-%127>-4:(+9(?M—A;"R6š3<9Q27>H46(+95%7>x&)%1%19d>x&(c#BA?=6=6&ADXI0'&F4G>H#469A?9( c21%l5<Q4:=:.Q4:9W T—Ux921(?9Y>-*HA?0}>
>H(d>H#%70-%c>H%12q#Q94:˜Y<%701‡@(+<*|4:PcK=6%1Pc%19w>qAN>-4:(+9 460‚5A?0-%7.(+9AŠB9% RxW+*-A?4:9%7.o‡
;CNA?*34^A?9w>|(?M
ŽtA?*3,?(!Cy=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9oTd"$#%Pc%7>H#Q(I.0/K*-(+K(+03%1.4:9 "$#* J"$#* +A i’`‘ 'A?KK=GXyŽA?*-,N(C
=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+94:9t>-#%;21(?9Y>-%\[>l(?MzPA?2q#4:9Q%p=:%1A?*-9469WT`s #Q4:=:%|&%p&F46=:=
4:9w>H*3(I.Q<21%p(?<*iA?KKQ*-(wA?2q#†469
~I%727>H46(+9 T Q‡>H#%l(?>-#%1*FANKK*-(+A?2q#%10VA?*3%|.Q4:0-27<0-03%1.4:9>H#460$0-%727>H46(+9oT
07 07
+
%$%
6 A) "# A-/#
!
6=
6 847)
6=%'6
0+!
0+!
*
+0 ! 1? ?=*/?;!%;*
D5
5&#?=$'(: !%
0+0 4 70 -
0+%
#!
0+!
07 07
2
0+!
G%"-
(?<*-5BAN,#Q0-#†%7>lAN=”TA?KK=64:%1.tAZ>H%72q#94:˜Y<%pMn(?*`=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+921=6(+0-%7=6Xd*-%7=^AN>-%1.>H(ŽtA?*-,N(!C=:(2DAN=:4:1ASR
V
>H46(+9.<*34:9W;>H#Q%
VhLa TL"$#%7X<03%
>H(?K(+=6(+W+462DA?=jPZA?KQ0‚(?M)>H#%%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>‚&F#Q%1*-%c>H#%c.4 %7*-%19w>/9(I.Q%10|21(+*3*-%103K(?9. >H(d.4603>H46927>-46C?%
K=:A?21%70)469#BAN=:=6&ADX0)03<2q#A?0z(+K%794:9QW+0)(?*oš3<Q927>-4:(+90)A?9.c>H#%V21(+9Q9%12\>H4:(?90)5%7>x&)%1%79]>H#%70-%{KQ=^A?27%101T
hj(?0-0-465=:%/K%7*-21%7KQ>H0 ;(?M@>-#%p*-(?5(?>{A?*-%‚>H#%p.Q%7>H%727>-4:(+9 (?MzA‹}21=:(?0-%1.t.(I(?*-‡ A?9€‹3(+K%19 .((+*3‡(?*
A?9•‹3(+K%19 #BA?=6=6&A!XTy"$#Q%%703>H46PZAS>H%1.K(+0-4G>H46(+9y(?M`>-#%*-(+5(?>;&F4G>H#469>-#%>H(+K(+=6(+W+4:21A?=zPZA?K460
<K.BAN>-%1.<034:9WAƒ‹303>HAN>H% Rx03%7>pKQ*-(+W+*3%1030-4:(?9 >H%72q#94:˜Y<%7 8s #%19%\C+%7*8AtK%7*-27%1KQ>-4:(+9460‚PA?.%N‡—>H#Q%
*-(?5(?>/4:0/A?0-03<P%7.>H(#A!C?%P(!C?%1.AN>/=:%DAN03>p(?9%]9(.%Z&F4G>H#469u>H#Q%]PZANKoT†Ž%\>H*-462Z469QMn(+*-PAN>-4:(+9
A?5(+<Q>8.4603>HA?921%7085%\>x&%7%19 >-#%.4603>H46927>-46C?%K=^A?27%10;460;9(?>8<03%1.oTy"$#%d5%1=:46%7MF0}>qAN>-%d460p<K.BAN>-%1.
<034:9Wp27%1*}>qA?469Y>xX8MA?2\>H(+*30)Mn(+*L>H#Q%`=:46,?%7=:4:#Q(I(.8(?Mg.%\>H%12\>H469W/>H#Q%VMn%DAS>H<*3%10$AN>)>H#%V.4 %1*3%19w>'=6(I21AN>H46(+90
4:98>H#Q%`%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>DTJ’V%1*3%?‡QA?27>-4:(+90zA?*3%V9Q(?>27(+9034:.%7*-%1.Z%\[IK=:46214G>H=6XpA?9.c>H#%E>qA?03,;(?Mg=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9
4:0$034:PcK=:4GŠB%1.5wX]>-#%|A?0-03<PcKQ>H46(+9>H#BAN>$>-#%l(+*-46%19w>qAS>H4:(?9(?Mj>-#%l*-(+5(?>F460$,9Q(&F9 T
"$#% A?KQK*-(wAN2q#…K*-(?K(+03%1.ƒ5wX…~I4:PcP(?90cA?9.ƒki(%1946Wu460]A?=60-( 5A?0-%7.…(+9 >-(+K(?=:(+W+462DA?=PZA?KQ0
‰~Qk k|~ ”T@Ux927(+9w>H*HAN03>$>H( `hLa >-#%7XAN..46>-4:(+9A?=:=GX;<Q>H46=:461%EP%\>H*-462`469QMn(+*-PAN>-4:(+921(+Pc4:9W
Mn*-(?P >H#%l&F#%7%1=
%1927(I.%7*-0F>H(c21(+PcK<Q>-%‚0}>qAN>-%i>H*HAN90-4G>H4:(?9dKQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>H46%107Tzb(+*-*34:.(+*30EA?*-%lPc(I.%7=:%7.
5wX 2q#BA?4:9Q0(?M{03>qAS>H%107‡'&F#%1*3%t%1A?2q#…03>HAN>H%d4:0c(+9%dPc%7>H%7*=6(+9WT V927%1*3>HA?4:9w>xX A?5(+<Q>c>H#Q%=6%19W?>-#
(?ME21(?*-*-46.(+*30p4:0;*3%1K*3%10-%79w>H%1. 5wX0-%\C+%7*HA?=FKBA?*-A?=:=6%1=z2q#BA?4690;(?ME.4 %1*3%19w>8=:%79W?>-#oT Ux9 k‚~ >-#%7X
K*3(+K(?0-%1.‚AFP%\>H#(.iMn(+*A?Pc%19.469W$>H#%zA?2721<*-A?27Xl(NMI>-#%L=:%19QW?>H#l(?MQ21(+*3*-4:.Q(+*-0g5BAN0-%1.|(+9l>H#%za'AN<P8R
su%1=:2q#d_`=6W+(+*346>H#QP ŒV– TL’V%1*3%?‡B27(+*-*34:.(+*30FA?*-%lAN0-0-<QP%7.d>-(c5%i03>-*HA?46W+#w>EA?9.K%1*-K%19Q.4:27<=^A?*$03(
>H#AN>$>H#%l(+*34:%79Y>HAN>H46(+9(?M
>H#%i*3(+5(?>F2DA?9d5%i.%10321*-465%7.t5wX]>-#%iMn(+<*$21(?PKBAN0-0$.46*-%12\>H46(+901TLŒF((+P0
A?9.{š3<92\>H46(+90zA?*-%F.460-27*-%7>-4:7%1.c4:9w>H(l03>HAN>H%70)(NM 034:1% D
P !TJ"$#%EK%1*-27%1KQ>-0)(NM>-#%F*-(+5(?>)A?*-%'C?%1*}X
?*/ ?'?= ?= '(!?=6>68
07
!?=6
02
4
07
0D%
0+
+%+!
1
4
0+%
-
07
0-46P46=^A?*J>-(/>H#Q(+0-%{469 `hLa ”T@‘{<%`>-(/>H#Q%{<927%1*3>HA?4:9w>xX(?M<=G>H*HAN0-(+9462`03%1903(+*-0'>-#%7X.(p9(N>$PZANK
%DAN2q#/0-%790-(?*—0-21A?9/.Q4:*-%727>-=6X{>-(`AFK%7*-27%1KQ>—5<Q>ŠB*-0}>—5Q<4:=6.|=6(I21A?=w(2121<QKBA?92\XlPZA?KQ0
5A?0-%7.p(+9 Ž(?* Mn*-(?P 03%7C+%7*HA?=B03%1903(+*@0-21A?907T@"$#%103%EPA?K0JA?*-%'<Q0-%1.8>H(i% [>H*HAN27>zA?50}>H*-A?27>JMn%1AN>H<Q*-%107T@"$#%$<K.BAN>-%'(?M
>H#Q%`5%1=:46%7M03>HAN>H%V4:0LK%7*3Mn(+*3P%7.]A?2721(+*3.4:9QW‚>H(l>H#Q%iŽtA?*3,?(!Cc<K.BAN>H%`A?=:W?(+*-4G>H#P W+46C?%19Z469"jA?5=6% T +T
ŒF(+5(N>L9BADCI46WwAN>-4:(+9;460@P(.%1=6%1.p&F4G>H#469p>H#%$Mn*HANP%\&(+*3,p(?MKBA?*}>H4^AN=:=6X|(+5Q0-%1*}CNA?5=:%VŽtAN*-,?(!C;.Q%121460-46(+9
K*3(I27%10-03%10 c5A?0-%7.(+9 >-#%5%1=64:%\M'%10}>H46PZAN>-%1.rCI4:AtŽA?*-,N(Cu=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9o‡o#Q%1<*34:03>-4:270pA?*3%<03%1. Mn(?*
W+%79%1*-AN>H469W89BADCI46WwAN>-4:(+9K=:A?90'Mn(+*'>-#%l*-(+5(?>1T
klA?%1=65=:469W]%7>|AN=”T <Q0-%cA?9rA?KK*3(wA?2q# &F#462q#u460iA?=:03(5BA?03%1.r(+9 >H#%ŽtA?*3,?(!C %7˜<AN>H46(+90{>H(<KR
.BAN>-%p>H#%;5%1=64:%\ML03>qAS>H% k{b'k ”T‚"$#%8PA?4:9Mn(I27<0i(?ML>H#%74:*`&)(+*3,=:46%10`469 <0-469W>H#%pMn*-A?Pc%7&)(+*-,
(?M/h |Ž‘ihL0>-( W?%19%7*HAN>-%r27=:(+03%\R”>H(NR (+KQ>H46PZAN=E5%1#A!C46(+*(?M|>H#%†*-(?5(?>1T•"$#%r.460-21*3%7>-4:DAS>H4:(?9…(?M
>H#Q%r%79wCI46*-(+9QP%79Y>A?9Q.€>-#%†K%7*-21%7KQ>H0d(?M|>H#%†*3(+5(N>dA?*-%†21=6(+0-%7=6X *-%1=:AN>H%7.€>-(y>H#(+03%†4:9 ~Ik ”T
Ux9 k{b'k ”‡g>H#Q%7Xr%\[IK%1*-46P%79w>qA?=6=6X21(+PcKBA?*3%8>-#%146*|A?KK*3(wA?2q#u>-(#A?9.=6%cK(+0346>H46(+9 <927%1*}>qA?469Y>xX
&F46>-# >-#%>-%12q#946˜Y<%10]KQ*-(+K(+0-%7.ƒ4:9 VhLa ~Qk 03%1% AN=:0-( ~I%727>H46(+9 T T {*34:W+469BA?=:=GX+‡@>H#Q%
PA?K&'A?0FK<Q*-%1=GX]>H(?K(+=6(+W+462?‡Q5Q<Q>F4:9*-%721%79Y>E&)(+*-,d~I#AN>H,N%7XdA?9.klA?%1=65=:469W ‰~Qk g469w>H*-(.<27%1.A
Pc%7>H#Q(I.8Mn(+*L=:%1A?*-9469W{>H(?K(+=6(+W+462DA?=IPZA?KQ0L&F4G>H#8&%1A?,8(I.Q(+P%\>H*34:2$4:9IMn(+*-PAN>H46(+9p<034:9W‚A?9c%\[>H%790-46(+9
(?M
>H#%|a'AN<P8R”s %7=:2q#dA?=6W+(+*-4G>H#PdT
’V%7*3>H75%7*-WAN9.ki4:*32q#9%7*`A?KQK=6XŽtAN*-,?(!Cd=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9Z>-(Z%10}>H46PZAN>-%i>H#%|K(?0-46>-4:(+9(?M@A*-(?5(?>
&F46>-#4:9AZ0}XI0}>H%7P (?MJ0-%7&)%1*-A?W+%pKQ4:K%10 ’`k TE‘{<%|>H(c>H#%‚0-K%1214GŠB2/9AN>H<*3%/(?M—>H#%‚%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>
9(P%\>H*-462‚469QMn(+*3PZAN>-4:(+9460VKQ*-(!C4:.%7.4:9d>H#%|>H(+K(+=:(?W+4:21A?=oW+*-A?K#t.Q%10-27*-4654:9W>H#%‚0-%7&)%1*-A?W+%pKQ4:K%101T
V(.%70/&F46>-#4:9 >-#%]W+*-A?K#27(+*-*3%103K(+9Q.>-(cš3<92\>H46(+90;A?9Q.y4:9=6%7>H07T ’V%7*-%Z>-(I(Q‡J5%7=:46%7M$460/<K.BAN>-%1.
A?2721(+*3.4:9W;>-(8>-#%l%1˜Y<BAN>-4:(+9Q0EKQ*-%103%19w>H%7.4:9~I%727>-4:(+9 T T
%+%
*
2
4
0+!
0+!
07
07
20+
& 4
07-
0+!
'&
+
%$%
6 A) "#
-"6
)
0"-54 6
# 68
$4 "#
3
#("-
6
6
!$#
" #%/A?KK*3(wA?2q#%70`K*3%10-%79w>H%1. 469>-#%‚KQ*-%7C46(+<0E0-%12\>H46(+9*-%7=6X(?9A?9%\[IK=:46214G>E>-(+K(+=:(+W?4:2DAN= Pc(I.%7=g(?M
$
>H#Q%p%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>DT|_`0{Pc%19w>-4:(+9%7.†A?5(C?%?‡o>-#4:0{Pc(.%1=
4:0‹}21(+99Q%127>-%1.>-(dŽtA?*-,N(!C=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9
5wX >-#% K*-(?5BA?546=:46>xX(NM‚PA?,Y4:9QW K%1*-27%1KQ>-0dAN>]>H#Q%.4 %1*3%19w>=:(2DAS>H4:(?90c&F4G>H#469 >H#Q% PZA?K T "$#%
A?KKQ*-(wA?2q#Q%10lK*-(?K(+03%1.r5wX "$#*-<Q9 "$#* +A g"$#* LA?9Q. {(+*3%;%7>‚A?= T l’V‘ —.(9(?>l*-%7=6Xt(+9
0-<Q2q# A?9% [QKQ=:4:2746>;PA?Ky(?ME>H#Q%%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w> ]>H#Q%%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>460pPc(I.%7=:%7.
r4:9y>H#Q%
0-%790-(?*VPc(I.Q%1= < 9 ‡&F#4:2q#d4:0$=6%DA?*39%1.Mn*3(+P (+503%1*}C?AS>H4:(?9
0 +T
"$#*-<Q9ZA?KQK=:46%10—>-#%'Mn*HA?Pc%7&)(+*3,‚(?M ŽtAN*-,?(!C;=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+9lMn(+*J=6%DA?*394:9QW`>H#%$03%1903(+*@Pc(I.%7= <
Mn*3(+P 0HA?PcK=6%z.AN>qAF&F46>H#/9%1<*-A?=9%7>x&)(+*-,Y0 "$#* +
A S"$#* ”Tj_VM >-%1*
=:%DAN*-9469W‡>H#%)%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>
4:0)%\[I21=6<0-4GC+%7=6Xc*-%7K*-%70-%19w>-%1.d5YXc>H#Q%V&)%14:W?#Y>-0'(?Mg>-#%`9%7<*HAN= 9%\>x&(+*3,Y01TL"$#%{9%\>x&(?*-,Y0FA?*-%V>H*HAN4:9%7.
>H(;Pc4:9Q4:Pc4:1%F>H#Q%i%\[IK%727>-%1.d=:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9%7*-*-(?*'(+9dAp0-%7˜<Q%1927%/(?M
K(+0-4G>H4:(?9IRxK%1*321%1KI>'KBA?46*-07‡Q&F#%1*3%
>H#Q%/K%1*-27%1KQ>-0{A?*3%‚W?46C+%795wXA0-21A?9(?M—0-(+9A?*`Pc%DA?03<*-%7P%79w>H0{AN9.t034:PcK=:%iC4:03<BA?=gMn%DAN>-<*-%701T LA?2q#
9%7<*HA?=9%\>'4:0L>H*-A?4:9Q%1.]AN0'A‚.Q%7>H%727>-(+*Mn(+*)A‚03K%72146Š2{A?50}>H*-A?27>K%7*-21%7KQ>$% [I>-*HA?2\>H%7.ZMn*-(+P >-#%`03%1903(+*
CNA?=:<Q%101T "$#*3<9€0-#(!&F0]>H#AN>]>H#Q% =:%DAN*-9%7.ƒ.%7>-%127>-(+*-0K%1*}Mn(+*-P 5%\>->-%1*]>H#A?9ƒK*-%\C4:(+<03=6X #BA?9.R
21*-ANM >H%7.|C460-<BA?=+Mn%1AN>H<Q*-%z.%7>-%127>-(+*-0
0-<Q2q#pA?0g>H#Q(+0-%z<0-%7./469|%NT WQT k{s T—_V9(?>-#%1*4:PcK(+*3>HA?9w>g*-%70-<=G>
(?M)#4:0i&)(+*-, 460{>H#BAS>|>-#%c,469.†(?MMn%1AN>H<Q*-%8%\[>H*-A?27>-%1.rMn*-(+P >-#%8%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>/0}>H*3(+9W+=GX.%7K%79.0
0D0
2
0+%
4
4
'4 07-
*,!%'(*,+
B
0+0
0D%
B
0+(
)%
02
(+9†>H#%c<927%1*}>qA?469Y>xXr469r>-#%K(+0346>H46(+9†%10}>H4:PAN>-4:(+9†A?030-<Pc%1.u.<*34:9Wd=:%1A?*-9469W is #%79 >H#%c*-(?5(?>
4:0%\[>H*3%1Pc%1=6XZ<927%1*3>HA?4:9AN5(+<I>$46>-0'K(?0-46>-4:(+946>$03%1=6%127>-0$.4 %1*3%19w>F=^AN9.PA?*-,Y0)>-#BA?946M4G>',Y9(!&F0F46>-0
K(+0-4G>H4:(?9c&F4G>H#]#46W+#]AN2121<Q*HA?2\X+T@Ux9Z>-#4:0z&(+*3,O‡I>H#Q%{%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w> A‚21(?*-*-46.(+* L460)Pc(I.Q%1=:%7.]A?0)(+9% R
.46P%790-46(+9BA?= TLs #Q4:=:%i>-#4:0EA?030-<PcKQ>H46(+9t460F*-%DAN0-(+9BAN5=:%iMn(+*E#BA?=6=6&A!X]9BADCI46WwAN>-4:(+9o‡Q46>H0EA?KQK=:462DA?546=:4G>xX
>H(AN*-54G>H*HAN*3Xd>x&(NR .4:Pc%19Q0-4:(?9BA?=
( c21%8%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>H0iPc4:W+#w>`5%;.4 c21<=G>D‡o%70-K%1214:A?=:=GXt.Q<%p>H(>H#Q%
4:9Q21*-%1A?0-%l469>-#%l9Y<Pp5%1*F(?Mj9%127%10-0-A?*3X>-*HA?4694:9W/.BAN>qAIT
{(+*-%8%7>/A?= To<0-%c9%7<*HA?=L9%\>x&(?*-,Y0/>H(=6%DA?*39r>-#%KQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>H46%10V(?M'.4603>HA?921%70 cP%1A?0-<*3%1.u5YX
0-(?9BA?*F0-%790-(+*30`AS>$>H#%|.4 %1*3%19w>FK=:A?21%7
0 &F46>H#Q4:9>H#%l%79YC46*-(+9Pc%19w> l’V‘ TL"$#%|%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>
AN9u( c27% {4:0l.460-21*3%7>-4:1%7.u469w>H(0-PA?=:=jKBAN>-2q#%10/A?9.†>H#%89%\>x&(+*3,Y0pA?*3%8>-*HA?469%1.†469uA0-<QK%7*3C4:03%1.
KA?4:*30o(?MIP%1A?0-<*3%1.|.4:0}>qA?9Q21%10AN9.‚K(+0346>H46(+90(?MI>-#%@*-(?5(?> oA?9.l<903<K%1*3C460-%1.|C+%7*-0-46(+9 .4603>HA?921%70
A?9.*-(+5(?>zPc(?>H46(+9;5%\>x&%7%19K%1*321%1KI>H0 L(?M >-#%E=:%DAN*-9469W|A?=:W+(?*-46>-#PdTs #Q4:=:%F% [QK%1*34:Pc%19w>qAN=*3%103<=6>-0
0-#Q(& W+((I.K%1*}Mn(+*-PA?927%{4:9A SP ( c27%|4G>'*3%1PA?4:90<921=6%DA?*$#Q(&>H#%lANKK*-(+A?2q#0-2DAN=:%10'Mn(?*
=^AN*-W+%7*'%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>H07T
4
D5
4
D5
5
'4 07-
4
D5
%0 !"#"$0 8
6$%
Ux9€21(+9w>H*-A?03>>-(>-#%rA?KK*3(wA?2q#%70.Q4:0-27<0-03%1.4:9ƒ>H#%†K*3%7C4:(?<00-%12\>H46(+9o‡V&)%r<0-%rAŠB9% RxW+*-A?4:9%7.
W+%7(+P%\>H*34:2t.Q4:0-27*-%\>H4:1AN>H46(+9 >-(y*-%7K*-%70-%19w>>-#% K(?0-46>-4:(+9 (?Mi>H#Q% *-(+5(?> n0-%7% ‰a'™—’{~ ?A \T Ž(+*3%
0-K%12746ŠB21A?=:=GX+‡ 4:08*-%7K*-%70-%79Y>-%1.ƒ5wX A ŠB9%\R W+*HAN4:9%7.o‡*3%1W+<=:A?*-=GX03KBA?21%7.…W+*34:.o‡L&F#%1*3%>-#%03KBAN>-4^A?=
*-%70-(+=6<Q>H46(+9 460‚<Q0-<BA?=6=6X†5%7>x&)%1%79 A?9. d21P A?9.u>H#%ZA?9W+<=:A?*|*-%103(+=:<I>H4:(?9u460/<03<BA?=:=GX ](+*
.%7W+*-%7%101TL"$#460)W?*-4:.Rx5BA?03%1.A?KK*3(wA?2q#]460zA?5=:%$>-(/K*3(C46.%`AN2121<Q*HAN>-%`K(+0-4G>H4:(?9c%703>-4:PAN>H%701T—s #%7*-%1A?0
>H#Q%c27(wA?*30-%c.4:0321*-%\>H46DAN>-4:(+9 (?M)>H#%;>-(+K(?=:(+W+462DA?=jA?KKQ*-(wA?2q#Q%10|*-%1˜Y<46*-%70|>-#%8.%7ŠB9Q46>H46(+9†(?M$AN503>-*HA?2\>
Mn%DAS>H<*3%10'03<2q#A?0(?K%794:9W?01‡Q.Q(I(+*}&'ADX0'(+*z(?>-#%1*z>xXIK%10$(NMg=^A?9Q.PZAN*-,Y01‡(+<*)#4:W+#*-%70-(+=6<Q>H46(+9ZW+*34:.0
A?=6=:(!&<0j>H({469Y>-%1W+*-AN>H%z*HAD& KQ*-(D[I4:Pc46>xX o0-%19Q0-(+*J*3%DA?.Q4:9W+07TJ’E%1927%'(+<*—A?KK*3(wA?2q#;4:0jA?5=6%z>-({%\[IK=6(+46>
A?*3546>-*HA?*}X]W+%7(+P%\>H*34:2`Mn%1AN>H<*3%10F(?M
>H#%l%79YC46*-(+9Pc%19w>1T
"$#%E.4:0-A?.QCNA?9w>qA?W?%E(NMo(+<*LW+*34:.IR 5BA?03%1.cP%\>H#(.8=:4:%70@4:98>H#%F#Y<W+%E03>HAN>H%E0-KA?21%F&F#4:2q#c#BA?0L>H(|5%
PA?4:9w>qAN4:9%7.oT—™B(+*LAlPc4:.IR 0-4:7%'%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>)(?M 034:7% NP 7‡IAN9ZA?9QW+<=^AN*@W+*-46.;*-%103(+=:<I>H4:(?9c(NM ‡
A?9.cA{27%1=:=Q0-4:7%'(?M N27P >-#%$03>HAN>H%$03KBA?21%F27(+90-4603>-0@(?M
E03>qAS>H%107TLh@=:%DAN0-%$9(?>-4:27%>H#BAS>
4:9p>-#%$5BA?034:2FŽA?*-,N(Cp=:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9‚AN=:W+(+*346>-#P W+46C?%19;4:9;"jA?5=6% T +‡w%DAN2q#c(NM>-#%103%F=:(2DAN>-4:(+90
#BA?0J>-(
5%V<K.BAN>-%1.cMn(+*zA?9wX46921(?P469Wi0-%790-(+*).BAN>HA‚A?9Q.]A?9wXc*-%7W+4:0}>H%1*3%1.P(?>-4:(+9;27(+PcPZA?9Q.oT—Ux9(+*-.%7*z>-(
.%1A?=
&F4G>H#0-<2q# #Y<W+%‚03>HAN>H%|0-KBAN21%107‡ >x&)(](+KQ>-4:Pc4:DAS>H4:(?90'K=:A!XdAcPZA!š3(+*V*3(+=:%l469tPA?,Y4:9WcK(?0-46>-4:(+9
K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xX`W+*34:.0g&)(+*-,i(?9=:469%?T
™—46*-03>1‡N(?<*
A?KK*3(wA?2q#pANKK=:46%10A$MA?03>jPc(I.%7=?Mn(+*K*3(![I46P4G>xX{0-%790-(?*-0
A?9. ‡03%121(?9.o‡ 4G>E<0-%70{Ac>-%12q#9Q4:˜Y<%‚Mn(?*V03%1=:%727>-46C+%7=6X<K.BAN>-4:9W8>H#Q%/5%1=:46%7M—03>qAS>H%?‡O>H#Y<0EMn(I27<0-469Wc(+9
>H#Q%]*-%7=:%7CNA?9w>/KBA?*3>/(?M$>H#Q%]03>HAN>H%0-KBA?27%(+9=GX+TtUx9>-#%Mn(?=:=:(!&F469Wd>x&)( 0-%727>-4:(+90‚&%Z&F46=:=L.%70-21*34:5%
>H#Q%10-%l>H%72q#946˜<Q%10E4:9P(?*-%i.%\>qA?46=”T
0+!
( )
"D( "+(
- (+( (+(+(
A-
3
6
!$#
6
)0
6
4 3
41
#("-
6
-
"
( MA?274:=646>qAS>H%*3%DA?.469W‡E>H#%r4:.%79w>H46Š%1*-0469Y>-*-(.<27%1. 469ƒ>H#460d03%12\>H4:(?9 A?*3%u03<PcPZA?*34:7%1. 4:9 _`KR
K%19.4 [_/T
_`0zP%79w>H4:(?9%1.cA?5(!C+%?‡w>-#%V=64:,N%1=:46#((I. 9 —>H#BAN>)Ai0-%790-(?*)*3%DA?.469W E460zPc%DAN0-<*3%1.AN>LK(?0-4GR
>H46(+9 #BA?0)>H(p5%{21(?PK<I>H%1.Mn(+*'A?9wXK(?0-46>-4:(+9 g4:9]%1A?2q#<K.BAN>H%`(?Mg>H#%`K(+0346>-4:(+9%103>-4:PAN>H46(+9
0-%7%
"jA?5=:% T \Tj"$#%1*3%7Mn(+*3%?‡w46>—4:0j21*-<Q214^AN=IMn(+*j(+9=:469%zK(+0346>-4:(+9‚%103>-4:PAN>H46(+9l>H(i#BADC+%FAVP(.%1=(?MOK*3(D[Q46P8R
46>xXp0-%19Q0-(+*30)&F#462q#]A?=6=:(!&F0LAlMAN03>z21(+PcK<Q>HAN>H46(+98(?M>H#460z=64:,N%1=:46#((I.oTjŽ(?*HADC+%72`K*3(+K(?0-%1.ZA|Pc%7>-#(.
>H(21(+PcK<Q>-%>-#4:0‚˜<A?9w>H46>xX†Mn(+*|0-(?9BA?*/03%1903(+*-0/5BA?0-%7.y(+9(2127<KBA?92\X W?*-4:.uPZANK0 ‰Ž(+* Tt™B(+*
%DAN2q#=:(2DAN>-4:(+9 J(?9%‚#A?0E>-(27(+PcK<Q>H%‚A8W+%19%7*HA?=6=6X9Q(+9IR lA?<030-4:A?9KQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>xX].Q%190346>xXMn<92\>H46(+9
(!C+%7*8At.4:0321*3%7>H%Z0-%7>p(?MFK(?0-0-465=:%.4:0}>qA?9Q21%10/P%1A?0-<*3%1.y5wXr>H#%]03%1903(+*1T†Ux9yAtŠ*-03>p4:PcK=:%7P%79Y>HASR
>H46(+9†(?M'(?<*|A?KK*3(wA?2q#u&)%Z<Q0-%1. AdPc%7>-#(.u034:Pc4:=^AN*V>H(tŽ(+*-ADC+%12Nˆ 0pA?KK*3(wA?2q# n0-%7% a'™J’`~ ?5 \T
V9IMn(+*3>-<9BAN>-%1=6X?‡@>H#460;P%\>H#(.y4:0;27(+PKQ<Q>qAN>-4:(+9A?=:=GX >H(( %\[IK%790-4GC+%>H(†5%A?KK=64:%1.y469y(+<*;21A?0-%
ŠB*303>D‡I46>4:0469QMn%DAN0-4:5Q=:%$>H(p27(+PcK<Q>H%V>H#460.%790-4G>xXZ(+9Q=:4:9Q%`A?9Q.A/K*3%\Rx27(+PcK<Q>qAS>H4:(?9Mn(+*)*-%1KQ*-%103%19w>H469W
>H#Q%Z21(?PK=6%7>-%.%790-4G>H46%10lMn(+*/AN=:=@K(+0-034:5=6%0}>qAN>-%10‚&)(+<=6.5wX†MA?*‚% [I21%1%7.>H#%P%7P(?*3X†(?M'>xXK462DA?=
21(?PK<I>H%1*30EA?9.d%10-K%1274^A?=6=6Xc>H#(?0-%lW+%19Q%1*HAN=:=6XMn(+<9.d(+9Pc(+54:=6%{*-(?5(?>-01T
"$#%i,?%\X4:.Q%DA/(?M(?<*MA?0}>$0-%790-(+*$Pc(.%1=4:0z>H(;21(?PK<I>H%`>-#%{=:46,?%7=:4:#Q(I(.8(?MjA/K*-(D[I4:Pc46>xXcPc%DASR
0-<Q*-%1Pc%19w>V0-(+=6%1=GX5BA?03%1.t(?9>H#Q%|.Q4:03>HA?927%|>-(c>-#%‚9Q%\[>`(?503>HA?21=6%‚469>-#%|PZA?K T)"$#460V.Q4:03>HA?927%‚21A?9
5%$%\[>H*-A?27>-%1.c5YXp*HADXwR >H*-A?21469W{Mn*-(?P (2127<KBA?92\X8W+*-46.pPA?K0@(+*zb_`‘VRxPc(I.%7=:0j(?MO>H#%F%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>DT
Ux9rKBA?*3>-4:27<=^A?*7‡o&%c21(?90-46.%1*|A.4:0321*-%\>H46DAN>-4:(+9 (NM'K(+0-034:5=6%;.4:0}>qA?927%10|P%1A?0-<Q*-%1.r5wXrA
K*3(![I46P4G>xX80-%19Q0-(+*7T@Ux9(+<*z.4:0321*-%\>H46DAN>-4:(+9c>H#%V0-4:7%`(?Mg>-#%`*-A?9W+%70 4:0z%1˜Y<BA?=Mn(+*)A?=:=
)A?9. 827(+*-*3%10-K(+9.Q0`>H(8>H#%|PAS[I4:PA?=o*HAN9W+%|(?M—>-#%‚KQ*-(D[I4:Pc46>xX03%1903(+* T$fg%7,
> F.Q%19(?>-%
>H#Q%ZK*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xX (?M$Pc%DA?03<*-469Wt.Q4:03>HA?927% 4GM'>H#Q%Z*-(?5(?>‚4:0‚AN>/=:(2DAN>-4:(+9 xTUx9 (+*-.%7*‚>-(t.%7*-46C?%
>H#Q4:0zK*-(+5A?54:=646>xX‚&%V21(+9034:.%7*z>-#%VMn(?=:=:(!&F469W{>x&(/2DA?03%10)>-#BAN>)2DA?92DA?<Q0-%{A|21%7*3>qAN4:9Z.Q4:03>HA?927%E>-(/5%
Pc%DA?03<*-%7.5wXdA;K*-(D[I4:Pc46>xX0-%790-(?* n0-%1%‚A?=60-( ’V%19 T
%+%
.
0+!
1
<
72
=
AQT C07-
2
Z… j7! n 8
w! ! @U M—>-#%l0-%19Q0-(+*E.%7>-%12\>H0VA?9(?503>HA?21=6%i*-%1KQ*-%103%19w>H%7. 4:9>H#Q%
&)(+*-=6.;P(.%7=”‡N>-#%'*3%10-<Q=6>H469W{.4603>-*-4:5Q<Q>H46(+9p4:0jW+46C?%1985wX;A lA?<030-4^AN9p.4:0}>H*34:5<Q>-4:(+9‚
&F46>H#/P%1A?9
AN>l>-#%.Q4:03>HA?927%c>-(>H#Q4:0l(+50}>qA?27=:%84:9†>H#%cPA?KoTZ"
(t5%cP(+*3%80-K%1214GŠB2?‡j=:%\> .%79(?>-%>H#Q%
.4603>HA?921%'>-({>H#%9%\[>z(+50}>qA?27=:%'469/>H#%$PA?K;W+4GC+%79p>H#BAN>—>H#%$K*3(D[Q46P4G>xX|0-%19Q0-(+*L4:0jŠB*-%7.8&F#Q%19
>-#%F*-(+5(?>L4:0zAN>LK(+0346>H46(+9 xT @˜OT T —.%70-21*34:5%10L>H#%FK*3(+5BA?5Q4:=:4G>x
X J(?MP%1A?0-<Q*-4:9QW
.4603>HA?921% 46M
>H#Q%|03%1903(+*F.%7>-%12\>H0F>H#460E(?503>HA?21=6%?T
.
)!
$ "! G9
('
%&
% [QK
"!
*) +-,/.10#24365
587 5
# A
T)!
"$#%l0}>qA?9.A?*-..%\CI4:AN>H46(+9 (?M
>H#460$.4:0}>H*-465<Q>-4:(+9]*3%1K*3%103%19w>H0F>H#%l<9Q21%1*}>qA?469w>xX(?M
>H#%iPc%DASR
03<*-%7.t.4603>qAN921%lA?9Q..%7K%79.0E(+9
%
>-#%{W+*-A?9Y<=^AN*-46>xXc(?Mg>-#%{.460-27*-%7>-4:1AN>H46(+9Z(?MK$‡&F#4:2q#*3%1K*3%10-%79w>H0$>H#%`*-(+5(?>Dˆ‰0'K(+0-4G>H46(+9o‡
9;:
024$%$'+(-/.
;<
* .3#%@ )0B13;"=?>#<;;5 115+MA@A@(>@P
(
>-#%|A?2127<*HAN27X(?M
>H#%i&)(+*-=6.Pc(.%1= ‡A?9.
>-#%|A?2127<*HAN27X(?M
>H#%l03%1903(+*1T
LA?2q#†(?M@>-#%103%p>H#*3%1%pMA?2\>H(+*30{4:927*-%1A?0-%70{>H#%p<Q921%7*3>qAN4:9w>xX+Tls
03(+<*-27%10|(?M)<921%7*3>HA?4:9w>xX†*-%70-<=G>l4:9rA$|
. AN<0-034^A?9†.4603>H*34:5<I>H4:(?9
%pA?0-03<P%p>-#BAN>V>H#%pŠB*303>{>x&)(
(?M)>-#%8.4:0}>qA?9Q21%;>H(>H#Q%c9Q%\[>
(+5Q03>qAN21=:%`4:9]>H#Q%`&(?*-=:.Pc(.%1=W+46C?%19]>H#AN>'>H#Q%i*-(+5(?>'460$AN>$K(+0346>H46(+9 xT i46C+%79]>H#%i.Q4:03>HA?927%
>-(u>H#Q%t9% [I>Z(+50}>qA?27=:%?‡)&%03>H46=:=$#BADC?%t>H(u21(+9034:.%7*c>-#%t469BA?2721<*-A?27X (?M{>-#%d0-%19Q0-(+*Z&F#Q%19
.%\>H%727>H469W>-#4:0E(+50}>qA?27=:%NT'"$#4:0V4:0F.(+9Q%/5wX21(+9wC?(+=6C4:9QW>H#Q%/.4603>H*34:5<I>H4:(?9Mn(?*F>-#%/.Q4:03>HA?927%
>-(>H#Q%/(+50}>qA?27=:%l&F46>-#A?9(N>H#%7* lA?<0-034^A?9d.4603>H*34:5<I>H4:(?9*3%1K*3%10-%79w>H4:9QWZ>H#%/A?2127<*HAN27X(?MJ>H#Q%
03%1903(+*1T‚fg%7>
.Q%19(?>-%p>H#%/03>qAN9.BA?*3.r.Q%7C4^AN>-4:(+9tP(.%1=64:9W<927%1*3>HA?4:9w>xXt4:9t>-#%;K(?0-46>-4:(+9
A?9Q. >H#%cPA?KA?9Q.=:%\>‚Mn<*}>H#%7* *-%7K*-%70-%79Y>;>-#%Z03%1903(+*/469BA?2721<*-A?27X?‡J*-%70-K%127>-46C?%1=6X @>H#Q%19
>-#%`*3%10-<Q=6>H469W/0}>qA?9Q.BA?*-.Z.%7C4^AS>H4:(?9 460)W?46C+%79Z5wXc>H#%EMn(+=:=6(&F469Wl%1˜Y<BAN>-4:(+9 T n0-%1%|%?T‰WT ’ Lk
\T
™—46W+<*3% T ‚W+4GC+%70VAN9d% [QA?PKQ=:%i
(?M—0-<2q#tA lA?<030-4:A?9.4:0}>H*-465<Q>-4:(+9]Mn(+*$03(+9BA?*EA?9Q.d=:A?0-%7*$0-%79IR
03(+*-07T ’E%1*-%N‡)>-#%.4:0}>qA?927% >-( >H#%d9%\[>c(+50}>qA?27=:%4:0 ?21Pd‡L>H#%03>HA?9.BAN*-. .%7C4^AS>H4:(?9
•(?MF>H#%]PA?Ky460 QT ?27P‡LA?9Q.>H#%0}>qA?9.A?*-.y.%\C4^AN>-4:(+9 (?M$>H#%03(+9BA?*/0-%19Q0-(+*30AN9.
=:A?0-%7*/*HAN9W+%\R”ŠB9.%7*-0p460 IT ?27PvA?9. T ?21Pd‡J*3%10-K%12\>H4GC+%1=GX !T ™B(+*/46=:=:<Q03>H*-AN>H4GC+%8K<*3K(?0-%Z&)%
A?.Q.46>-4:(+9BAN=:=6XpK=:(?>3>H%7.A lA?<030-4:A?9.4:0}>H*34:5<Q>-4:(+9c&F46>-#d0}>qA?9Q.BA?*-..%\C4^AN>-4:(+9 V‡Q&F#462q#*-%1KR
*3%10-%79w>H0F>H#%i<9Q21%1*}>qA?469w>xX0-(+=6%1=GXZ.<Q%l>-(;>H#%iK(+0-4G>H46(+9].460-21*3%7>-4:DAS>H4:(?9A?9.>H#%lPA?KoT—s #Q%19
27(+PKA?*-469WZ>H#Q4:0i.BA?03#%1.r=:469%‚&F4G>H# >H#Q%;(?>H#%7*i>x&(21<Q*3C+%701‡>H#%8#46W+#†A?2721<*-A?27X %70-K%1274^A?=6=6X
(?M
>H#Q%|=:A?0-%7*$0-%790-(+*E5%121(?P%70E%\C4:.%79Y>1T
.
.
%
%
!
%
6 0+"
%
.
)! #%
!
%
& #%
!
Sonar
Laser
Map
2
0.1
probability
%
%
%
0.125
!
"+(
)! ,(
.
%
0.075
0.05
0.025
0
100
200
300
400
500
measured distance [cm]
@
8
#+2)2 @*
,-'/?+!#+'/%
@'
%)?D*+. I'/?& 2)?+*+
2
.
%$ ?D*+. I'
?0%'(*D' I*D'/%
5oT j7! n ‚w! ! j"zXK462DA?=6=6X?‡>-#%E&)(+*3=:.ZPc(.%1=B460)0}>qAN>-4:2EA?9.].Q(I%70)9(N>
27(+9w>qA?469/A?=6=+*-%7=:%\C?AN9Y>jA?03K%727>-0j(?MI>H#%z%19wC4:*3(+9Pc%19w>DT $T WT!.IXI9A?P462L(+503>HA?21=6%100-<Q2q#;A?0K%7(+K=6%
A?*3%F9(?>L*-%7K*-%70-%79Y>-%1.469c03<2q#Z0}>qAN>-4:2FPc(I.%7=:07T @0-K%1274^A?=6=6X/.<%F>H(i>H#%70-%E=:46P4G>qAN>-4:(+90>H#Q%1*-%F460
D/);5O24$%-/);2(.5892;FE+0,2(0,2(*/*/.3+ < #:@ 2O13#:+0+(6 .3)2($ E92O132 ;)0/
<
1K;5)>13#:+0 P
A 9(+9Rx1%7*-(FK*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xXV>-#BAN>g>H#Q%z03%1903(+*
4:0g*-% B%12\>H%7./5wXlA?9l(+50}>qA?27=:%L9(?>*3%1K*3%103%19w>H%7.p4:9i>H#Q%
$
&)(+*-=6. P(.%7=”Ti_`030-<Pc4:9QWZ>H#BAS>{>H#%70-%8(+50}>qA?27=:%70iA?*-%;%7˜Y<BA?=:=GXd.4:0}>H*-465<Q>-%1. (!C+%7*{>H#%;%79Y>-4:*3%
%79YC46*-(+9Pc%19w>1‡)>H#Q%dKQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>xX p(?M`.Q%7>H%727>-4:9WuA?9<9,Y9(!&F9…(+5Q03>qAN21=:%AS>.Q4:03>HA?927%
$460/4:9Q.%1K%19.Q%19w>8(?MF>H#%Z=:(2DAN>-4:(+9r(?MF>H#%Z*-(+5(?>;AN9.y2DA?9y5%Pc(I.%7=:%7.A?08AtW?%1(+Pc%7>-*-4:2
.4603>-*-4:5Q<Q>H46(+9oTz"$#4:0E.4:0}>H*34:5<Q>-4:(+9*3%10-<Q=6>H0FMn*-(?P >H#%|Mn(+=:=6(!&F4:9W;(+5Q0-%1*}CNAN>H46(+9oT_ .4603>qAN921%
460`Pc%DA?03<*-%7. 46MJ>-#%p0-%790-(?*i5%1A?P 4:0 E*-% B%12\>H%7.r5wXA?9(+50}>qA?27=:%/AN>iA]03#(+*3>-%1*{.Q4:03>HA?927%
4:0$*3% B%727>-%1.AS>F.4:0}>qA?927% ”TL"$#%l*-%103<=6>-4:9W8K*3(+5BA?5Q4:=:4G>xXc4:0
C
#
.6 ?=
68
?C
$
<
C
T-
’ %1*-%N‡
)4:0L>H#%EK*-(?5BA?546=:46>xX‚>H#BAS>)>-#%`03%1903(+*460)*3% B%727>H%7.]5wXA?9Z(+5Q03>qAN21=:%VAN>A‚*-A?9W+% '(?M
E
>-#%p0-%790-(?*i.4:0321*-%\>H46DAN>-4:(+9tA?9. V460`4:9Q46>H4:A?=:461%7.&F4G>H#7%1*3(T|~I<2q#rAZ.4603>-*-4:5Q<Q>H46(+9dMn(?*
03(+9BA?*A?9Q.|=:A?0-%7*gP%1A?0-<Q*-%1Pc%19w>-0
460g.%1KQ4:27>-%1.|4:9l™—46W+<*3% T eT |’V%7*-%?‡&)%z03%7>>H#Q%zKA?*HA?Pc%7>-%1*30
>-
( 8A?9. ?27P Mn(+*$0-(?9BA?*-07‡A?9
. ;A?9Q.
N21P Mn(+*$=:A?0-%7*-01T
"$#%8*3%DA?.%7*‚PADX9(N>H4:27%p>H#BAS>|>-#%8#4:W?#rKQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>xXd(?M)P%1A?0-<*34:9W ?21P 460i.<%;>H(>H#Q%
MA?2\>'>H#AN>>-#4:0'.Q4:03>HA?927%{*-%7K*-%70-%19w>-0E>-#%{K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xX8(?MP%1A?0-<Q*-4:9QW
?21Pd‡&F#Q4:2q#
460'>H#%lPAS[I4:PA?=*-A?9W+%l(?M
>H#Q%|03%1903(+*-07T
( (+(+%
&(
?C
( (+(7
&(
D(D(
*/;="' D(D(
probability p(d i )
0.125
Sonar
Laser
0.1
0.075
0.05
0.025
0
100
200
300
400
500
measured distance di [cm]
@
8 : 8 #+2)2 @*
,-'/?+!#+'/%
%$?D*+. I'/?9%$!'
*D
.9.G2)?D*+'/?(
!$.
" #%p*3%DA?.%7*`PADX9(?>H4621%l>H#BAS>{0-%790-(?*`9(+460-%‚.<%‚>-(Z03K%721<=:A?*`*3% B%727>H46(+9(+*E21*3(+0-0eR >HA?=:,460V9(N>
$
%\[IK=64:2746>H=GX21(+9Q0-4:.Q%1*-%7. 4:9 >-#4:0]03%1903(+*Pc(I.%7=”T ’E(!&%\C+%1*7‡{46>Z4:0%\[>H*3%1Pc%1=6X .4 c27<=6>>H(.%72146.%
&F#%\>H#%7*pA21%1*}>qA?469†0-%19Q0-(+*‚*-%DAN.4:9W460|21A?<03%1. 5wXr0-K%127<=^AN*|*3% B%727>-4:(+9uAN>|PZANKu(+5Q03>qAN21=:%70l(+*l5YX
A?9<9Pc(.%1=6%1.(+50}>qA?27=:%?T@"$#Q%1*-%\Mn(+*-%l&)%|.Q%12146.%1.>H(846921=6<.%`>-#4:0$,Y4:9Q.(?M
9(?4:0-%l469Y>-(p>H#%l03%1903(+*
Pc(I.%7= Mn(+*$<9Q,9Q(&F9(+50}>qA?27=:%107T
_ 0-%790-(?*;5%1A?P 21A?9y(+9=GXr5%]*3% B%727>-%1.%14G>H#%7*p5wXA,Y9(!&F9(+*/5wXA?9y<9,Y9(!&F9(+50}>qA?27=:%?T
"$#%7*-%7Mn(?*-%?‡(+9=GX |(?Mj>H#%70-%l>x&(2DA?03%10V2DA?9d(I2721<*EAN>VA821%7*3>qAN4:9dK(+469w>F4:9>H4:Pc%?T E%7C?%1*3>-#%1=6%10301‡
&)%‚(+5I>qA?469A8Pc4G[>-<*-%i(?M
>H#Q%10-%l>x&)(.4603>-*-4:5Q<Q>H46(+90$(+9dADC+%7*HA?W+%NT
?C
?C
?=6
?C
*5
+
† lp‚B7I
‚
Ux9Z(?*-.%7*z>-(/21(?Pp54:9Q%F>-#%103%V>x&)(p2DAN0-%107‡Q4G>)460L9(?>)0-< c2146%19w>>-(/03<P„<K>-#%V.Q4:03>-*-465<Q>H46(+90 AN9.
Y‡—5%72DA?<03%Z>H#Q%7X A?*-%9(?>p469.%7K%79.%19w>;(NM$%DA?2q#y(N>H#%7*1Tt"$#Q%1*-%\Mn(+*-%&%]#A!C?%]>H(21(+9034:.%7*/>H#Q%
4:9 B<%19Q21%`5%7>x&)%1%79>H#%E>x&(p21A?0-%701TL"$#%V21(+Pp5Q4:9%7.]K*-(?5BA?546=:46>x
X 9 L(?MgPc%DA?03<*-469W/.Q4:03>HA?927%
4GM >-#%`*3(+5(N>)460AS>=6(I21AN>H46(+9 o2DA?95%VW+%19%7*HAN>-%1.]5wX8>H#Q%VMn(+=6=:(!&F4:9Wi% [I21=:<Q0-46C?%\R (+*27(+90-46.%1*-AN>H46(+9oT
_ 0-%790-(+*FPc%DA?03<*-%70`A;.4603>HA?921% ‡Q46M
5
!
# A
C
$ AQT >-#%l0-%19Q0-(+*E5%1A?P 460
+T
B *3% B%727>-%1.t5wXdA?9<9Q,9Q(&F9(+50}>qA?27=:%l5%\Mn(+*-%i*3%DA?2q#Q4:9Wc.4:0}>qA?9Q21%
?C
T
$ <
#
j *-% B%12\>H%7.t5wX>H#%l,Y9(!&F9t(?503>HA?21=6%lAN>F.4:0}>qA?9Q21%
$ C
A"!
#
A
5oT O >-#%l5%1A?P 460
+T *3% B%727>-%1. Y
*3%DA?2q#Q4:9Wc.4:0}>qA?9Q21%
5wXyA?9 <9,Y9(!&F9 (?503>HA?21=6% 5wX >-#%],Y9(!&F9(+503>HA?21=6%]5%7Mn(+*3%
?C
$ T
<
#
9
j *-% B%12\>H%7.t5wXdA?9<9,Y9(!&F9t(?503>HA?21=6%‚AS>F.4:0}>qA?927%
$
C
" #%tKA?*HA?Pc%7>-%1* Z4:9 >-(+K462 (NM`>H#Q4:0c%19Y<Pc%1*HAS>H4:(?90.Q%19(?>-%10c>H#%K*-(+5A?54:=646>xXu>H#BAN>c>H#Q%
$
0-%790-(?*i.%7>-%127>-0{>H#%/9%\[>i(+5Q03>qAN21=:%/4:9>-#%pPA?KoT{"$#Q%p21(+P/54:9%7. K*-(?5BA?546=:46>xX]4:0`03<PcPZA?*34:7%1.469
@˜OT T ‡Q&F#4:2q#d2DAN9%1A?0-46=6X]5%i>H*-A?903Mn(?*-Pc%1.4:9w>H( @˜OT T T
A
)%
(
A9
<
<
<
<
<
< # A
!
G9
<
<
#
T)%
T)0
T (
_`0c2DAN9 5%03%1%19 #%1*3%?‡>-#%dK*-(+5A?54:=646>xX (?MiA†.4:0}>qA?9Q21% E(+9Q=6Xy.%7K%79.0(+9 K*3(+5BA?5Q4:=:4G>H46%10‚Mn(?*
0-PA?=6=:%1*@.Q4:03>HA?927%10 ”T@"$#Y<0&)%`21A?9Z4G>H%7*HAN>-46C+%7=6X;27(+PcK<Q>H%E>H#%F&F#(+=6%V.Q4:03>-*-465<Q>H46(+9c5YXc0}>qA?*}>H4:9QW
AN>).4:0}>qA?9Q21% ?27PTJUx9Z(+*-.%7*)>-(/21(?90-46.%1*z>H#%{PAS[I4:PA?=*-A?9W+%V(?Mo>-#%`03%1903(+*&)%{#BADC+%`>-(p21<I>
>H#Q%|.Q4:03>-*-465<Q>H46(+9AN>$>-#%l.4:0}>qA?927%
9 T
(
<
$
# &2
"
j" ( .%1Pc(+90}>H*HAS>H%t>-#%Mn%1A?0-4654:=646>xXy(?Ml(?<*Z03%1903(+*]Pc(I.%7=E&)%27(+=:=6%127>-%1. 0-%7C?%1*-A?={Pc4:=:=64:(+9y*3 %DA?=
K*3(![I46P4G>xX]Pc%DA?03<*-%7P%79Y>-01T™O(?*$%DA?2q#P%1A?0-<*3%1Pc%19w>F&%‚A?..Q46>H46(+9BA?=6=6Xc03>-(+*-%7.>-#%l.4:0}>qA?927% >-(
>H#Q%{9%\[>$(?503>HA?21=6%{4:9Z>-#%{PA?KoT@™B*3(+P >H#%70-%{.BAS>qA/&) %`&%7*-%lA?5Q=:%V>-(p%10}>H46PZAN>-%V>-#%{K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xX;(?M
Pc%DA?03<*-469W8A;21%1*}>qA?469.4:0}>qA?9Q21% 46M>H#%i.Q4:03>HA?927% >H(;>H#%i9Q%\[>E(+503>HA?21=6%i4:9]>-#%lPZA?K460$W+46C?%19oT
"$#%].Q(?>->-%1 .y=:469%c4:9y™—46W+<*3% T A |.%7K4:2\>H0/>-#4:0‚K*-(?5BA?546=:46>xXtMn(+*/03(+9BA?*‚P%1A?0-<*3%1Pc%19w>H0/46M$>H#Q%
.4603>qAN921% >H(/>-#%{9% [I>F(?503>HA?21=6%`4:0 ?27PT—_`WwA?469o‡Y>H#%{#Q4:W+#]KQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>xX8(?MPc%DA?03<*-469W ?21P
4:0L.<Q%E>-(l>-#%FMA?27>L>H#AN>L>H#460z.Q4:03>HA?927%E*3%1K*3%103%19w>H0>-#%FK*-(?5BA?546=:46>xX/(?MP%1A?0-<*34:9W
?27PT
$
#"
$ "+(
D (D(
$5*/;="' D(+(
0.125
0.125
Approximated
Measured
0.075
0.1
2
probability
probability
0.1
0.05
0.025
0
Approximated
Measured
2
0.075
0.05
0.025
100
200
#"
300
0
500
400
measured distance [cm]
100
200
300
500
400
measured distance [cm]
™—46WT T QT Ž%DA?03<*-%7.A?9Q.tA?KQK*-(D[I4:PAN>H%7.K*-(+5A?5 4:=646>-4:%10z(?M A 03(+9BA?*FA?9Q. n5'=^A?03%1*
Pc%DAN0-<*3%1Pc%19w>H0FW+4GC+%19>H#Q%|.Q4:03>HA?927% >-(;>H#%l9% [I>V(+50}>qA?27=:%NT
"$#%E0-(+=64:.8=:469%'4:98>H#Q%FŠW+<*-%F*3%1K*3%10-%79w>H0>-#%F.4:0}>H*-465<Q>-4:(+9;(+5I>qA?469%1.85wXcA?.BA?KI>H4:9QWl>-#%EKBA?*HANP8R
%7>-%1*30/(?M L˜OT T {03(>H#AN>‚>-#%c*-%103<=6>-4:9Wd.4603>H*34:5<I>H4:(?9uANKK*-(D[I4:PAN>-%10i>H#%*-%1A?=LK*-(+5A?54:=646>-4:%107T
"$#%l21(?*-*-%70-K(+9.469W8P%1A?0-<Q*-%1.A?9.dA?KQK*-(D[I4:PAN>H%7.K*-(+5A?54:=646>-4:%10LMn(+*'>-#%i=^A?03%1*$03%1903(+*EA?*-%iK=6(?>3R
>H%7. 469 ™j4:W+<*3% T n5 \T V(N>H%>H#BAS>;>H#%d#4:W?#%1*8A?2721<*-A?27X(NM`>H#Q%d=:A?0-%7*80-%19Q0-(+*c4:0;*3%1K*3%10-%79w>H%1.
5wXA†0-PA?=:=6%1*/0}>qA?9Q.BA?*-. .%\CI4:AN>H46(+9y(?ME>H#% lA?<030-4^AN9 .Q4:03>-*-465<Q>H46(+9 03%1%dA?=60-(†"—AN5=:% T Ty"$#%
K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xX;(?MPc%DA?03<*-469WpA/27%1*}>qA?469].4:0}>qA?9Q21%{.%7K%79.0$(+9>H#%V9BAN>H<Q*-%{(?Mg>-#%`%79wCI46*-(+9QP%79Y>1‡Q>H#Q%
.460-21*3%7>-4:DAS>H4:(?9/(?MB>-#%'*-(?5(?>1ˆ 0j=:(2DAN>-4:(+9 ‡?A?9Q.p>H#%$AN2121<Q*HA?2\X/(?MB>-#%'03%1903(+*1TJs #46=:%L&%FAN.BA?KQ>-%1.p>H#Q%
KBA?*-A?Pc%7>H%7*-0)(?M(+<*)0-%19Q0-(+*'Pc(.%1=)‹35wX#BA?9./46>)4:0.Q%10-46*HA?5Q=:%F>H(p=6%DA?*39>H#Q%{KBA?*-A?P%\>H%7*-05A?0-%7.(+9
.BAN>HA27(+=:=6%127>-%1.4:9AZ21%7*3>qAN4:9d%19wC4:*-(?9P%79w>DTV’V%19Q94:W0-#(!&F0{#(!& >-(Z*-%\ŠB9%‚0-<2q#†Ac0-%19Q0-(+*{Pc(.%1=
<034:9W|A?9A?KK*3(wA?2q#c21=6(+0-%7=6Xp*3%1=:AN>H%7.8>-(|>-#%F%\[IK%127>HAN>H46(+9cPZAS[I46P46DAN>-4:(+9‚A?=:W?(+*-4G>H#P ‰’E%19 ”T—"$#%
KBA?*-A?Pc%7>H%7*-0F<03%1.d4:9>H#460$%\[QA?PcK=:%lAN*-%l0-<PcPA?*-461%1.469"—A?5Q=:% T T
(
#"
.
0+-
~%1903(+*
~I(?9BA?*
f
AN0-%1*
2
8 : 8
A
(IT,(+(D% Q& T,(;21P !QT,(;27P Q( T,-+
(IT,(+(+ Q& T,(;21P & T,%;27P Q( T,-+
#F,-'(*D'(#F?9 #9)$#+/H,
%
*+".
?+".$#9.$%
?D'(#9,-'/?+!$#+'/,-'/.*+?(
?=6
" #%;K*3%121%7.4:9QW]ŠBW+<*3%10i4:=6=:<0}>H*-AN>H%7.t.4603>H*3 4:5<I>H4:(?90EMn(?*{(+9=GX p%\[IK%127>-%1.r.4:0}>qA?9Q21% Ti"$#%
$
K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>H4:%70/Mn(+* {K(+0-034:5=6%d.Q4:03>HA?927%10 >H(uA?9 (+503>HA?21=6%dMn(?*c03(+9BA?*ZA?9. =^A?03%1*80-%790-(+*30A?*3%
.%7K4:2\>H%1.c4:98™j4:W+<*3% T A JA?9Q
. n5 @A?9.c™—46W+<*-% T A JA?9. 5 \‡w*-%70-K%12\>H46C?%1=GX+T@Ux98>H#%70-%$ŠBW+<*3%107‡
**
'&
&
>H#Q%{.4:0}>qA?9Q21% 4:0.Q%19(?>-%1.5wXZ% [IK%727>H%7..Q4:03>HA?927%?T@"$#%{034:Pc4:=:A?*-4G>xXp5%7>x&)%1%19>H#Q%{P%1A?0-<Q*-%1.AN9.
>H#Q%ANKK*-(D[I4:PAN>-%1. .4:0}>H*-465<Q>-4:(+90/0-#(!&F0>-#BAN>8(+<Q*c03%1903(+*cP(.%1=$*3%103<=6>-0c469 ArW+((. ANKK*-(D[I4GR
PAN>H46(+9(?ML>H#Q%;*-%DAN=J.4:0}>H*34:5<Q>-4:(+9 T‚h@=6%DA?03%;9(?>H%p>-#%;03>-*-(+9QWd27(+*-*3%103K(+9Q.%1927%8%7C+%79 5%7>x&)%1%79u>H#Q%
K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>H4:%70(?MjPAS[*-A?9W+%i.4603>HA?921%701T
probability
probability
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
500
0
500
0
400
400
300
measured distance [cm]
200
100
200
100
300
expected distance [cm]
@
8
300
measured distance [cm]
200
100
200
400
A
'/?+!#+'/%
.$%
100
300
expected distance [cm]
324)$#+/H,
*D'/%$#+2)2) @*
probability
400
?D".)#7,-'/?+!$#+'/,-'/.*+?(
probability
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
500
0
500
0
400
300
measured distance [cm]
200
100
200
300
expected distance [cm]
400
8
200
300
expected distance [cm]
100
400
0
'/?+!#F'/%.$%
300
measured distance [cm]
200
100
324)$#+/H,
*D'/%$#+2)2) @*
100
400
?D'(#&,-'/?+!#F'/,-'/.*+?/
xU 9>-#4:0@03%127>-4:(+98&)%V03#(!&%7.Z>H#BAS>z>-#%FK*-(?5BA?546=:46>xX 9 @(NM Pc%DA?03<*-469W|A|.Q4:03>HA?927% 46M>H#Q%
*-(?5(?>{4:0lAN>l=6(I21AN>H46(+9 z4:0i.(+Pc4:9AN>H%7. 5YXt>H#%;.4603>HA?921% >-(>H#%821=6(+0-%703>l(+5Q03>qAN21=:%;469>H#%8PA?KoT
a'A?03%1.(?9t>H#460V(?50-%7*3CNAN>H46(+9AN9.t>H#Q%/0-%790-(?*`Pc(I.%7=K*-%70-%19w>-%1.†4:9d>H#460V03%127>-4:(+9 ‡>-#%/K*3(+5BA?5Q4:=:4G>xX
9 @21A?9Z5%FK*-% Rx27(+PKQ<Q>H%7.cMn(+*@%1A?2q#Z=6(I21AN>H46(+9 oA?9Q.0}>H(+*3%1.Z469;>x&(|>qA?5=6%107T—"$#%FŠB*-0}>D‡Y>H#*3%1% R
.46P%790-46(+9BA?=>qA?5=6%
‡27(+9w>qA?4690$>H#%iKQ*-%\R 21(+PcK<Q>-%1.d.4:0}>qA?9Q21%10 >-(p>H#%l9% [I>E(+5Q03>qAN21=:%i4GM
>H#Q%$*-(+5(?>@460@AN>LAi=:(2DAS>H4:(?
9 AN9.;ŠB*-%70LAl03%1903(+*@4:9w>-(lAl27%1*}>qA?469;.4:*3%127>-4:(+9 >H#%70-%$.4603>HA?921%70L2DA?985%
03>-(+*-%7.u469†(+9%;5wXY>H%cK%7*|=6 (I21AN>H46(+9 T‚"$#%c0-%721(+9Q.o‡
>x&)(NR .4:Pc%19034:(+9A?=j>HA?5=:%
‡
21(+PcK*-460-%70
>H#Q%;K*-(+5A?54:=646>x
X {A?0i03#(!&F9u469†™—4:W?<*-%
T 5 `A?9.r™—46W+<*-% T n5 \T/a'A?0-%7.u(?9†>-#%103%
>qAN5=:%701‡ >-#%;K*-(?5BA?546=:46>xX(NM)Pc%DAN0-<*3%1.†.4:0}>qA?9Q21%10i21A?9 5%;*-%7>-*-46%7C+%7.†% c2146%19w>H=GX5wXt>-#%pMn(+=:=6(!&F4:9W
9%703>H%7.>HA?5=:%i=6(I(?,<QK0 9 T
A
A
2
#&
A
5
#
#
"
)>354 =#
%'!
35#
_`9d(+5wC4:(+<Q0E.Q4:0HAN.QCNA?9w>qA?W+%l(?M
>H#Q%|K(+0346>H46(+9K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xXZW+*34:.dA?KKQ*-(wA?2q#>H(ZŽtA?*3,?(!C=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9
4:0;>-#%034:7%d(NM`>H#Q%0}>qAN>-%d03KBA?27%?T…"$#%0-%721(+9. (+KQ>-4:Pc4:DAS>H4:(?9(?M{(?<*cA?KK*3(wA?2q# 460cA†>-%12q#946˜Y<%
Mn(+*ZA
<K.BAN>-%(?M{>-#%5%1=64:%7M{03>qAS>H%?T"$#%,N%7X…46.%DAr(?Mi>H#Q4:0]ANKK*-(+A?2q#ƒ4:08>H(% [I21=:<Q.%
<9=64:,N%1=6X]K(+0346>-4:(+90'Mn*3(+P 5%1469W<QK.BAS>H%1. T'™B(+*$>H#460FK<*-K(+03%?‡B&%‚4:9w>H*3(I.Q<21%|A;>H#*3%10-#Q(+=:. AN9.
A?KKQ*-(D[I4:PAN>H
% < )Mn(?*'21%7=:=:0'&F4G>H# 5 p5w
X \T@"$#%l˜Y<BA?9w>H4G>x
X < 4:0$W?46C+%79
5wXZ>-#%iADC+%7*HA?W+%iKQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>xX8(?MPc%DA?03<*-469W/>-#%`Mn%DAS>H<*3% iW?46C+%79Ap<94GMn(+*-P„.4603>H*34:5<I>H4:(?9Z(!C+%7*FA?=:=
K(+0-034:5=6%{=:(2DAN>-4:(+9Q0 1T@"$#Q4:0$=:%1A?.0$<0$>-(8>-#%{Mn(+=6=:(!&F4:9W‚<K.BAN>H%l*3<=:%`Mn(?*FAp0-%19Q0-(+*EP%1A?0-<Q*-%1Pc%19w> 27(+PcKBA?*-% @˜OT T )A?9. L˜OT T
"@'*/#%')
B
&
* '2
"! &%
' ! 2
"!$# &% ' # 2 &%
h@=6%DA?03%9(N>H%;>H#BAS>( < {.4 %7*-0iMn*-(+P
D
' #6)5%
' #6)5%
/1
@("! ;
# &%
/1
*+E'(# 9 ?D'
$#&%
' #
48 :878"
#0 2
H> #%89(+*3PZAN=:4:7%1* < \‡.%7Š9%1.469 L˜OT T l&F#Q4:=:%
< j460—21(?PK<I>H%1.pMn(?*j>H#Q%$A`K*34:(+*34I5%1=64:%7M03>qAS>H%?‡ *-% B%12\>H0J>-#%'K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xXl(?MOP%1A?0-<Q*-4:9QW
pW+46C?%19d>H#%p5%1=64:%\M@AN>E>H46P%
TV_V2127(+*-.469W>-( @˜OT T \‡A?=:=K(+0-4G>H46(+90$&F46>-#tK*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xX5%7=:(!&
pA?*3%`<K.BAN>-%1.]&F4G>H#Z>-#%{0HANP%`CNA?=6<% < ) < \TJ"$#Y<0'&)%i2DA?9*3%7&F*346>H%E>H#%`0-%1=6%12\>H46C?%
<K.BAN>-%|032q#%1Pc%|5YX
D
"!$#D&%
'
! ! &% '
+
*
,' ! 2 &% ('
# *
2
#6)+%
#6)+%
'
C
# /1
' # /1
@
"!$#D&%
-#&%
' #
48 :879"
*+E'(# 9?D'
4
(!& 21(+9Q0-4:.Q%1*]AuKBA?*3>-46>-4:(+9469W†(?Mi>H#Q%03>HAN>H%0-KBA?27% „4:9w>H(/. KBA?*}>H4G>H4:(?90 V
QT i9Q%
KBA?*}>H4G>H4:(?9 4:0|2DA?=6=:%1.
]AN>‚>H4:Pc%H
l46M$4G>/27(+9w>qA?4690/=6(I21AN>H46(+90 '&F46>-# K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xX†A?5(C?%0
(?>-#%1*}&F4:0-%'&)%$2DAN=:=Q03<2q#A{KBA?*3>-46>-4:(+9
'5%121A?<0-%$>-#%$K*-(?5BA?546=:46>-4:%70
(NM AN=:=21%1=6=:0@AN*-%'5%1=6(& >H#Q%
>H#Q*-%103#(+=6.oT‚s 4G>H#>H#Q%;0-%1=6%12\>H46C?%8<K.AN>H%;032q#%1Pc%8*-%1KQ*-%103%19w>H%7. 469 L˜OT T \‡ &)%;.(+9 ˆ‰>l#BADC?%8>-(
21(?90-46.%1*L%DAN2q#=6(I21AN>H46(+9/469AiKBAN0-0-4GC+%FKBA?*}>H4G>H4:(?9p4:9.Q46C4:.<A?=:=GX+‡S5<Q>z46>@03< c21%70z>-(|,N%1%7K>H*-A?2q,p(?M>H#Q%
R”CNA?=:<%70$(+9=GX](+927%iMn(+*'>H#%i&F#(?=:%lKBA?*}>H46>-4:(+9 T—"
(.(c0-(Q‡&%l03>-(+*-%iMn(+*$%1A?2q#tKA?0-0346C+%|KBA?*}>H4G>H4:(?9A
CNA?=:<Q2
% 1 TJs #Q%19%\C+%1*$>-#%`K*3(+5BA?5Q4:=:4G>H46%10L(?M
A?=6==6(I21AN>H46(+90z4:9ZA/KBA?*}>H46>-4:(+9cMA?=:=O5%1=6(&ƒ>-#%`>-#*-%70-#(+=6.
I3‡ 1 F4:0;46946>-4^A?=64:7%1.†&F46>H# A?9Q. 460p<K.BAN>H%7. AN0pMn(+=:=6(&F0 41 51 \T_V0c03(I(?9 AN0
AtKBAN0-0-4GC+%]KA?*3>-46>H46(+9 5%127(+Pc%10pAN27>H4GC+%ANWwA?4:9 ‡j&)%](+9=GXu#A!C?%]>H(Pp<=6>-4:K=GX>H#Q6
% 1oR CNA?=:<Q%469Y>-(t>H#Q%
4:9Q.46C4:.Q<BA?=gK*3(+5BA?546=:4G>H4:%701T)"$#%/0-A?P%|4:.Q%DA#Q(+=:.0FMn(+*F>H#%‚P(!C?%1Pc%19w>`(NMJ>H#%‚*-(+5(?> 'a)Xd,?%7%1K469W
>H*-A?2q,d(?MJ>H#Q%pP(N>H4:(?9dK%1*}Mn(+*-Pc%1.t0-4:9Q21%pAKBA?*3>-46>-4:(+9d5%72DA?Pc%/KA?0-0346C+%N‡ 4G>`03< c21%10{>-(]4:9Q21(+*3K(+*-AN>H%
>H#Q%AN2121<QPp<=^AS>H%1. Pc(?>-4:(+9&F#%79%7C?%1*l>H#%8KBAN*3>H4G>H46(+95%121(?P%70lA?27>-46C+%cA?W+A?4:9oT|Ux9r(+*-.%7*{>H(2q#%72q,
&F#%\>H#%7*A KBAN0-0-4GC+%KBA?*}>H4G>H4:(?9 #BA?0p>-(†5%A?2\>H4GC?AS>H%1.ANWwA?4:9 ‡J&%03>-(+*-%]>-#%K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xX $798d(?M
>H#Q%ZPc(+03>|=:46,?%7=6X K(+0-4G>H46(+9†4:9u>-#%cKBA?*3>-46>-4:(+9oT_`0‚0-((+9A?!
0 -798 :1 =
<;
d5%127(+P%70|>-*-<%N‡—>H#Q%
KBA?*}>H4G>H4:(?9;4:0LA?2\>H46CNAN>-%1.cA?WwAN4:9;5%12DAN<0-%E46>L27(+9w>qA?4690zAN>L=:%1A?03>L(+9Q%EK(+0346>H46(+9p&F46>-#8K*-(+5A?54:=646>xX/A?5(C?%
>H#Q%l>-#*-%70-#(?=:.oT
'
&%'()
'
="#"')
'
"
5
5
5
2
5
5
2
5
"!
!
=O ?> 5P @BA
DCFE:GIHKNJLM GIH
5
NM
M
0+(-/. >-/.5.30B1#%@ *9$:)@ )0B132O13#:+0 A#<; ;5 1 15+
+46 15D/
* + ;5# 13#:+0*9.5+89248/#%$%# 1 P
D/#<; #%;2 > +09;).O2415# (?2(*/*/.3+ <#:@ 2O13:# +0 ; #%09> ?15D9*/.5+892489#:$%# 1 A+(6 159
D C+89;5. 2415#%+(09; #<;2O1 -/0/$%#:&$ * +B;#:15#%+(0 ;
-9;5-924$%$ 8 )$:+O" 15D/ 2 . 2 (P
:
M
LQ
!
)a XƒANKK=6X469W >H#Q% 0-%1=6%12\>H46C?% <K.BAN>H%N‡V>-#%K(+0-4G>H4:(?9…K*-(?5BA?546=:46>xXW?*-4:. ANKK*-(+A?2q# 4:0A?5Q=:%>-(
% c274:%19w>-=6X >-*HA?2q, >H#% K(+0346>H46(+9…(?M‚A*3(+5(N>](+927%†46>H0K(?0-46>-4:(+9 #BA?05%1%19 %703>H46PZAS>H%1.ƒ<Q94:˜Y<%7=6X+T
™B<*3>-#%1*3P(?*-%?‡I>H#%|A?546=:4G>xXc>-(8.%7>-%127>E=6(I21A?=:46DAN>-4:(+98MA?4:=6<*-%70$A?9.>H(8*3%1=:(2DAN=:4:7%V>-#%i*-(+5(?>F*3%1PA?4:90
4:9Q#%1*3%19w>@4:9/(+<*—Pc(.46ŠB%7./C+%7*-034:(+9;(?MŽA?*-,N(C/=:(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9oTo"$#460J2DAN9;5%)0-%1%79846MB&)%'21(+PcKBA?*3%>H#Q%
<K.BAN>-%;(?MzA?27>-46C?%8A?9. KBA?030-4GC+%821%7=:=:0V(+9 4:9Q21(+Pc4:9W0-%790-(+*l.BAS>qAQTl_`2721(+*3.4:9QW]>H( @˜OT T ‡ >H#Q%
.4 %7*-%19Q21%;=:46%10{469t>H#Q%;*HAN>-4:( < ) < T‚"
(0-%1%;>-#%;4:9 <%1927%;(?ML>H#460{*HAS>H4:(Q‡&)%c27(+PcK<Q>H%7.
>H#Q%10-%†CNA?=:<Q%10Mn(+*(+<*Pc(I.%7={(?M/0-(+9BAN*AN9.=:A?0-%7*0-%19Q0-(+*301T Ux9 >H#4602DA?03% 460(+5Q>HA?4:9%7.
>H#Q*-(+<W?# @˜OT T L5wXA?030-<Pc4:9Wl>H#AN>'AN=:=O.4:0}>qA?9Q21%10 >H(/,Y9(!&F9](?503>HA?21=6%10'AN*-%E%\[IK%727>-%1.]&F46>-#
K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xX ) .—T
5
= "
/ &
/C
).
G
T &
(?M "D(?21Pd‡I460.%7K4:2\>H%7.4:9]™j4:W+<*3% T,!QT
_`9% [QA?PKQ=:%E(?Mg>H#460*-AN>H46(/W+4GC+%19]A?9]%\[IK%12\>H%1.d.4603>qAN921%
9
8
likelihood ratio
7
Laser
Sonar
2
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
' 8 57*+@
,
,
100
200
300
400
500
measured distance [cm]
#9?+".$#9.$%
?D'(#9,-'/?+!$#+'/,-'/.*+?&3#&'IH 'I*D'/%
%$?D*+. I'
2
(!& >-#%lA?546=:4G>xX8(?M>H#%i03%1=:%727>-46C+%l<K.BAN>-%{>H(;.%\>H%727>E=:(2DA?=64:1AN>H46(+9;MA?4:=6<*-%70'5%721(+Pc%10$(?5YC46(+<0
V
U M'>-#%K(+0346>H46(+9†(?M>-#%c*-(+5(?>|4:0l=:(?03>D‡g>-#%19 >-#%c=:4:,N%1=64:#((I.t*HAN>-4:(+0iMn(+*i>H#Q%.4603>HA?921%70‚Pc%DAN0-<*3%1.
AN>F>H#Q%/A?2\>H4GC+%l=:(2DAN>-4:(+9Q0'5%721(+Pc%|0-PA?=:=6%1*>-#BA?9d(+9%l(+9ADC?%1*HANW+%?T)"$#<Q0V>H#Q%|KQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>H46%10'(NM—>H#Q%
A?2\>H46C?%8=:(2DAN>-4:(+90i.Q%121*3%DA?03%&F#46=:%p>-#%KQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>H46%10V4:9†>H#%cKBA?030-46C?%KA?*3>-46>H46(+90i46921*3%DA?03%c.Q<%c>-(
9(+*3PZAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9;<9w>H46=B>H#%\X]A?*3%`AN27>H4GCNAN>H%7.]A?WwAN4:9oT i9Q21%`>-#%V>-*-<%EK(?0-46>-4:(+9c(?Mo>-#%`*3(+5(?>460ANP(+9QW
>H#Q%‚AN27>H4GC+%l=:(2DAS>H4:(?901‡>H#%l*-(?5(?>'2DA?9d*-% Rx%10}>qA?5Q=:4:03#>H#%l21(?*-*-%727>E5%1=:46%7MeT
Ux9 (+<Q*‚27<*-*3%19w>p46PK=6%1Pc%19w>qAS>H4:(?9t&%KBA?*}>H46>-4:(+9 >-#%0}>qAN>-%03KBA?27% 0-<Q2q# >H#BAS>‚%1A?2q#KBAN*3>
21(?90-4603>H0$(NMJA?=6==6(I21AN>H46(+90z&F46>H#%7˜<A?=o(+*34:%19w>HAN>H46(+9oTJUx9%\[>-%190346C+%|%\[IK%1*34:Pc%19w>qA?=>H%703>H0$&)%l.4:.9(N>
(+503%1*}C+%%\CI46.%19Q21%>-#BAN>8>H#Q%03%1=:%727>-46C+%<K.BAN>H%d0-2q#Q%1Pc%t4:PcKBA?2\>H0;>H#Q%*3(+5(N>Dˆ‰05%1#BADC4:(?*c469 AN9YX
4
'
9(?>-4:27%DA?5=6%]&'ADX?T Ux9 A?=6=(+<*8% [QK%1*34:Pc%19w>H0;&)%(+50-%7*3C?%1. >-#BAN>;>H#Q%dKQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>H46%10‚(?MV>-#%dA?27>-46C?%
=:(2DAS>H4:(?90'0-<QP <K>H(AN>F=:%1A?03> QT QTL‘{<Q*-4:9QW;W+=:(+5A?=o=:(2DAN=:4:1AN>H46(+9o‡+>-#%l21%1*}>qA?469w>xX(?Mj>-#%lK(?0-46>-4:(+9
%10}>H46PZAN>-4:(+9 4:927*-%DAN0-%10dA?9Q. >-#%†.%19Q0-46>xX >xXIKQ4:2DAN=:=6X 21(?921%79Y>-*HAN>-%10d(+9ƒ>H#% *3%DA?=iK(+0346>H46(+9…(?M|>H#Q%
*-(?5(?>1T U MV>H#%K(+0-4G>H46(+9(?M`>-#%*-(+5(?>c4:0;,Y9(!&F9 &F4G>H# #4:W+#27%1*3>HA?4:9w>xX?‡'%DA?2q# 0-21A?9 27(+PKQ*-4:034:9W
=:A?0-%7*;P%1A?0-<*3%1Pc%19w>H0c4:0p>xXK462DA?=6=6XuK*-(21%70-03%1.…469 =6%10308>-#BA?9 QT 03%127(+9.0c<0-469WrA wŽt’E
Ux9w>H%7= h
%19w>H46<PZh@*3(TJUx9](+*3.%1*L>H(‚=:(2DA?=64:7%FA|*3(+5(N>469*3%DA?= R >H46P%N‡+(+<*z4:PcK=6%1Pc%19w>qAN>-4:(+9;(NMgK(?0-46>-4:(+9
K*3(+5BA?546=:4G>xXW+*-46.0{.(%10i9(N>i4:9w>H%7W+*HAS>H% L03%1903(+*l.BAN>qAI‡o5<Q>i469w>H%1W?*HAN>-%10{(+9Q=6XtA]*HA?9.Q(+P 03<503%7>
(?M>H#%VADC?AN4:=^AN5=:%$.BAS>qA DT—"$#%`K%1*321%19w>HA?W+%E(?Mg.BAN>HAl>-#BAN>)4:0L4:9w>-%1W+*-AN>H%7.469Y>-(|>-#%E5%7=:4:%\Mo.%7K%79.0)(+9
>H#Q%`*-%7˜Y<4:*3%1.]27(+PKQ<Q>qAN>-4:(+98>H46P%EA?9Q.]4:927*-%1A?0-%70&F46>-#>H#Q%`21%7*3>HA?4:9w>xXc(?Mo>-#%`K(+0-4G>H46(+9%703>-4:PAN>H46(+9oT
"$#%]AN.QCNA?9w>qA?W+%c(?M)>H#%c0-%7=:%12\>H4GC+%c<K.AN>H%c0-2q#%7P%4:0i>H#AN>‚>-#%c21(+PcK<Q>HAN>H46(+9 >H4:Pc%;*-%7˜Y<4:*3%1.
>H(†<K.BAN>-%>H#%5%1=64:%7ME0}>qAN>-%AN.BA?KQ>-0p>H( >H#%27%1*3>HA?4:9w>xXy(NMV>-#%K(+0346>-4:(+9%703>-4:PAN>H46(+9oT’E(!&%\C+%1*7‡
&)%<03%tA ŠQ[I%1. *-%7K*-%70-%19w>HAN>H46(+9 (?MV>H#%0}>qAN>-%03KBA?21%N‡'0-(†>H#AN>8>H#%0-KA?21%*-%1˜Y<46*-%7P%79Y>-08(?M{(+<Q*
4:PcK=6%1Pc%19w>qAN>-4:(+9V03>HA!Xl27(+90}>qA?9w>
%7C?%19‚&F#Q%19/(?9=6X{AFPc4:9Q(+*oKBA?*}>(?M>H#%L03>HAN>H%L03KBA?21%L460g<K.AN>H%7.oT—"
(
(!C+%7*-21(?P%/>-#4:0V.4:0-A?.QCNA?9w>qANW+%?‡a<*3WwA?*-.t%7>iAN=”T ‰a‘i™jb —469w>H*-(.<27%1. A9(!C+%1=j4:PcK=:%7P%79w>qAN>-4:(+9
(?M>H#%EK(?0-46>-4:(+9;KQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>xXpW?*-4:.cA?KQK*-(wAN2q#oTJ"$#460)9(!C?%1=4:PcK=:%7P%79Y>HAN>H46(+9p460z5A?0-%7.Z(+9A?9Z(27>-*-%7%
*-%7K*-%70-%79Y>HAN>H46(+9(?MF>H#%0}>qAN>-%0-KBAN21%?Tu’V%7*-%N‡)(+9Q=6Xr>H#%]*3%1=6%7CNA?9w>8KBA?*}>H0p(?MF>-#%5%7=:46%7MF03>HAN>H%#A!C?%
>H(5%;*-%7K*-%70-%19w>-%1.469>H#%821(?PK<I>H%1*7ˆ 0lPc%1Pc(+*3X?T/_V9(?>H#Q%1*lA?.QCNA?9w>HA?W+%8(?ML>H#460i4:PcK=:%7P%79w>qAN>-4:(+9
4:0p>-#BAN>p>-#%.4:0321*3%7>H46DAN>-4:(+9y(NME>-#%03>HAN>H%03KBA?21%21A?9 5%2q#BA?9QW+%1. AN>8*-<Q9Y>-4:Pc% ]U ME>H#Q%*-(+5(?>;460
21%7*3>HA?4:9A?5(+<Q>)46>H0LK(+0-4G>H46(+9o‡+&)%`<03%`AlC+%1*}X8ŠB9%\R W+*HAN4:9%7.Z.460-21*3%7>-4:DAS>H4:(?9c469(?*-.%7*z>-(‚%79#BA?927%`>H#Q%
A?2721<*-A?27X(?M
>H#Q%|K(+0346>H46(+9%10}>H46PZAN>-4:(+9 0-%7% a'‘i™
b Mn(+*$P(?*-%i.%\>qA?46=:0 T
( #0+0
)%+(
( **
(+(
0D%
2
0+%
#
!0")>3
4768
6
"#
3
#&%
#
-/#&83
354 6=
681
"
%
#
4 3
"$#%$PA?4:9/A?.QCNA?9w>qANW+%'(?MŽtAN*-,?(!C/=:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9|460—4G>H0@A?5Q4:=:4G>xX{>H(i*3%1K*3%103%19w>)A?*-54G>H*-A?*3X|5%1=:46%7MB0}>qAN>-%107T
"$#460ZA?5Q4:=:4G>xX4608>-#%t,N%7X K*3%121(?9.46>-4:(+9Mn(+*c%10}>H4:PAN>-4:9W >H#Q%K(+0-4G>H46(+9(?MlA†P(+5Q4:=:%*3(+5(?>8Mn*-(+P
0-27*HAN>-2q#†4”T‰%?T&F4G>H#(?<Q>i,Y9(!&F=:%7.W+%8A?5(+<Q>`46>H0`03>qAN*3>H469W]K(+0-4G>H46(+9oT{Ux9 >H#Q%p*-%7PZA?469.%7*{(?M@>H#Q4:0`&)(+*-,
&)%`&F4:=6=469w>H*-(.<27%{0-%\C+%7*HA?=o% [>H%19Q0-4:(?90'(?MjŽtAN*-,?(!CZ=:(2DA?=64:DAS>H4:(?9oT"$#%103%{>H%12q#Q94:˜Y<%70$21(+9034:.%7*>H#Q%
5%1=:46%7A
M 5 l&F#%79PA?,Y4:9W.%7214:034:(+9Q0‚03<2q#A?0l&F#4:2q#K%1*321%7KQ>H0|>H(Š=6>H%7*‚(?*|&F#462q#A?2\>H46(+9r>-(
K%1*3Mn(?*-P 9Q%\[>DT8Ux9†(+*-.Q%1*i>H(PA?,?%p>-#%103%c% [>H%19Q0-4:(?90|&)(+*3,4:9†*-%1A?=—>-4:Pc%?‡o%\C+%19r>H#%85%1=64:%7Mz0}>qAN>-%
*-%7.<27%1.>H(p>-#%iA?2\>H46C?%i=:(2DAN>-4:(+9Q0A?04:9w>H*3(I.<Q21%1.469Z>H#Q%iK*-%\CI46(+<0'03%12\>H4:(?94:0)>-(I(;=:A?*-W?%?T—"$#Y<0$&)%
9%7%1.A;Pc(+*-%i27(+PcKBA?27>F*3%1K*3%103%19w>qAN>-4:(+9d(?M
>H#%l5%1=64:%7Mj03>HAN>H%NT
s %$W?%19%7*HAN>-%$0-<2q#Ai*-%1KQ*-%103%19w>qAS>H4:(?9c5wXpA?KK*3(![I46PZAN>-4:9
W u5wX;A{03%7> y(?M=:(2DAN=IPAS[I4:P
A xT
LA?2q# =:(2DAN=
PAS[I4:P/<P 4:0V.%10321*-465%7. 5wXt4G>H0`K(+0346>H46(+
9 @A?9.>H#%p*3(+5(?>Dˆ‰0`5%1=64:%7MJ(?ML5%74:9Wc>H#%7*-%NT
su%‚.%79(?>-%‚>H#Q4:0E5%7=:4:%\MJ5w
X —5%121A?<03%/46>E21A?9A?=60-(5%|0-%7%19 A?0E>H#%t‹}&)%146W+#w>HZ(NMJ>H#%|PAS[I4:Pp<PdT
"$#%VK(+0346>-4:(+90 (?M >H#%EPZA[Q46PZAlA?*3%V27(+PcK<Q>H%7.]AN>)*-<Q9Y>-4:Pc%?‡Y5wX8ŠB*-0}>032DA?99Q4:9W/>-#%E5%7=:4:%\Mo0}>qAN>-%
Mn(+*zK(?0-46>-4:(+9Q0 Mn(+*L&F#4:2q#]>-#%`KQ*-(+5BAN54:=646>xH
X L% [Q27%1%7.0FA‚>H#Q*-%103#(+=66
. A?9.Z&F#462q#A?*3%
!
>
Q
$Q
?!
$%)2;A0/+(15A15D O2 1 +-/.$%2;)..32(0 ( 09E. ; ()0/. 2O13A2(8 +-1 ;5# <;5>)2409;+(6A@E#<;=1 2409> @ F2(;5-/.3@A0B13;* .
;5)> +09E,2409E15D/ ; +0924.;509;5+(. ; 24.3 .5FE2(8 +-
1 67+(-/. 13#:@AF;* ). ;F> +09E
%
PAS[I4:PA?=
&F4G>H#469rA03PZAN=:=J*3%1W+46(+9 5 1T LA?2q# z0-%1*}C+%70pA?0|A0-%7%1.uMn(?*lAd=6(I21A?=—PAS[I4:Pp<QP xT
"$#%EK(?0-46>-4:(+9 O(?Mo03<2q#]Ai=:(2DAN=PZA[Q46Pp<P 4:0@>H#Q%E% [IK%727>H%7.Z=6(I21AN>H46(+9;(?M>H#%F*-(?5(?>LW?46C+%79c>-#BAN>z46>
4:0$469>H#%l*-%7W+4:(?9AN*-(+<9Q
. TL"$#4:0F=6(I21AN>H46(+9]4:0$.Q%7>H%7*-Pc4:9%7.5YXdADC?%1*HANW+4:9W8(!C+%7*E>-#%l*-%7W+4:(+9 2
>
5 /
,
,
T s # %79 0-<QPPc4:9W <QK >-#%=6(I21AN>H46(+90HV4:9 @˜T T \‡L&%>H*3%DAN>8>-#% R wR 21((+*3.4:9BAS>H%10;(NM`>H#Q%
=:(2DAS>H4:(?9084:9.%7K%79.%79Y>-=6X?Ts 46>-# >-#4:08>H%72q#94:˜Y<%N‡$>H#% ADC?%1*HANW+%t.4603>HA?921%5%\>x&%7%19ƒ>H#Q%tW+=6(+5BA?=
PAS[I4:Pp<P A?9.d>H#%l>H*3<%‚=6(I21AN>H46(+9(?M—>-#%|*-(+5(?>E4:0$>xXK4:21A?=:=GX5%1=:(!& ?21P Mn(?*VAcW+*-46.*-%103(+=:<I>H4:(?9
(?M N21P n0-%1%p~I%12\>H46(+9 IT A?9
. la'™Jk \T'™—4:9BAN=:=6X?‡Q>H#Q%‚5 %1=64:%7 M— (?MJ5%1469WAN>{Ac=:(2DA?= PZAS[I46Pp<P
4:0$27(+PKQ<Q>H%7.5wX03<PPAN>-4:(+9(!C+%7*E>-#%l*-%7W+4:(+9 5 \T
"$#4:0$27(+PcKBA?27>F*3%1K*3%103%19w>qAN>-4:(+9d4:00-(+Pc%7&F#BAS>—š3<03>-46ŠB%7.d5wX]>-#%l(+503%1*3CNAN>-4:(+9]>-#BAN>F469K*HA?2\>H4621%?‡
5 /460p<0-<A?=:=GXu˜Y<462q,Y=6X27%19w>H%7*-%7. (+9 A03PZA?=6=)9Y<P/5%7*p(?ME#wXIK(?>-#%103%10A?9.A?KKQ*-(D[I4:PAN>H%7=6X
1%7*-(ZA?9wX&F#Q%1*-%‚%1=60-% 1T'h@=:%1A?0-%l9(?>-%|>-#BAN>E4:9(+<Q*E% [IK%7*-4:Pc%19w>-0E>-#%l5%7=:4:%\M—0}>qAN>-%10VA?*-%l*3%1K*3%10-%79w>H%1.
5wX=6%10-0‚>H#BA?9 t0-<2q#=6(I21A?=)PAS[I4:PA&F#%195%14:9QW A?KK=64:%7. Mn(+*‚>-#%%\[>-%19034:(+90;469w>H*-(.<27%1.y469
>H#Q%c*3%1PA?4:9Q.%1*i(?Mz>H#Q4:0{&)(+*-,OT8Ux9uPc(+0}>l2DA?03%101‡>H#Q%c=64:,N%1=:46#((I.0V(?M)5%74:9W4:9†(+9Q%;(?M)>-#%8*-%7W+4:(+9Q0
A?030-(214^AS>H%1.&F4G>H#>H#%70-%l=:(2DA?= PZAS[I46PZA/03<PcP%7.d<QKd>-(cPc(+*3%{>H#BA?9 QT QT
" ,!
'.
0+%
2
(
)(
,
( #0+0
$6#\ (!$) * !%-$6 # * "!$#&%'%()*+#&,- ./(.0#&1213#24"5+,76989)*(:./,;#2969,7,-5<(*4=>#25+,-$?@(*A+%B#&C.0!$#&)D!E,-895<+()D!9$#&FA89(%'GH,I5
?J,-K9#&12(L5+,IKM,I012,>)NI1&#2ONP+#&,-J.0#&121QKM(+(%+(6R"!95,-89S-!9,I8$0"!9#2%T"!9(*%+#&%*UWV>#29)(+!9(X(?JY9!ZNI%#&%0,IG["!9#2%
./,-5+\R#&%L,I:"!9((]7"(*9%+#2,-9%,IG/^:NP5+\I,_=:1&,7)NI12#&ON`"#&,IQa$./(b.0#&1&1cS-#d=-(b!$(5+(,-912eR(f]9NP?@Y912(%gGH,-5h"!$(
NIY9Y$1&#&)NP"#2,-X,IGZYi,-%+#d"#2,-XY95+,-K9NIK9#&12#2eSI5+#&6$%j#2k+!9(%(T(4=7#&5,-9?J(4"%*UmlTm+!9(n(*96b,IG9(NI)D!b(f]$NI?@Y$1&(Ia
"!$(3%YM(*)#2o9)3)D!ZNP1&1&(*9S-(*%/Yi,-%+(*6<K4e"!9(g),I5+5+(*%+Yi,-969#29Sk(4=7#&5+,I9?@(*4TNI5(36$#&%+)*89%+%(6QU/V>,I1&8$+#&,-9%p+,
"!$(%+(k)D!ZNI121&(*9S-(%0NP5+("!9(X?@NI#&'GH,7)8$%g,PGj+!9#&%T+!9(%#&%U
lh121[(f]>YM(*5+#&?J(4+%h#&R"!9#2%g./,-5\qNP5+(k),-96$89)*+(6r89%#&9S<s3tgvuLwbaxNPsQyEF aWz>{k?@,IK9#&12(k5,-Ki,IU
sgt3vuLw|NI$6}#2+%~%(9%,-5+%NP5+(<6$(Y9#2)*"(*6}#&€m#&SI895+(<z>Uƒ‚>UR„…12(NI%(<9,P"(@+!ZNP,-912er+!9(<Y$5+,]>#&?J#2e
%+(*9%+,I5+%T,IGM"!9#2%/5,-Ki,I/NI5+(3NIY9Y912#&(*6JGH,-5†Yi,-%+#d"#&,IJ(*%+#&?@NP"#2,-Q‡[ˆT.n,~1
NI%(5†5"NI9SI(‰Šo9969(5%nY95,_=>#269#&$S
‹-Œ- 69#&%ŽDNI9)*(%)*,=I(5#&9S"!$(T%+8955+,-8$969#&$S,IG‘"!9(W5,-KM,Pp#&bNL!9(#2S-!4,IGiNIY9Y$5+,]>#&?@NP"(*12e ‹- )*?qa4NP96
zP’b8$12"5+NI%+,I8996'%(9%,-5+%W?J,-894"(*6BNPTN!9(#2S-!4T,IG[NPY9Y95+,]>#&?@NP+(12e{I{  )?RUpˆW!9(h5+(NP)*"#d=-(L)*,-1&12#&%#&,-
N=-,-#26ZNI9)*(/+()D!99#2FA89(T#&4+5+,76989)(*6b#&b“n!ZNIY$+(5p”3NI696$#2"#2,-ZNI1212eh?<NI\P(%j89%+(/,IG9"!$(n#&>GH5"NI5(6%(9%,-5+%*a
"!$(X"NI)*+#&12(%0NI96B+!9(X)NI?J(5+N%Že7%"(*?qa‘#dGjYi,-%%+#&K$1&(IU
•
>D–
@
LQ
H—
Q
X˜
Ī
Q
Lš d˜ H— ›—
h˜œž Ÿx h˜¢¡… £
¤¥x¦v§¢¨©ª¦p«­¬`®ƒ¯j°v¨±P°v¦Ž±«ª©ª²f«­®ƒ¨±h¨f§$«­¬¦…³I¦Ž´ƒ®ƒ¦v§i¯µ«ª²D«ª¦®ƒ¯c¦¯µ«ª²f³`´›®¶¯µ¬`¦· P «­¬¦«ª¦°Š¬±`®ƒ¸¹¦+¯º®›±«ª©­¨_·_¹`°Ž¦·h®ƒ±L«­¬¦§¢¨*´›´ƒ¨D»º®ƒ± Q
°Š¬`²¼_«­¦©ª¯Q·_¨W±¨«c²f¼¼´ —½
: 0+(-9.K> -/.3.30B1 #:@A*/$%@A)01 O
2 13#:+0
240 E13D/ ;# +(6 13D/.5 (#%+(0
<# ; 1
#<;K;5 1 13+
@
*/#%>)24$%$ 24.3+(-/09E
@
15#%@ F;13D/ 2 . 2 (C*/.3+(892(8/#%$:#:1 +(6 8 #%0 241?2 $%+>2O13#:+0
A@(>@
240 E
(P
"!
#%$!
&'&(*)
z,+
Stereo-camera
Sonar
Tactile
Infrared
Laser-range finder
Tactile
Infrared
-.0/213,154'16,798:<;>=?:@;>A*BC7EDF;>G#.07H=;>G;>BJIKJLNMPO1
QHR<SHR?T
UWVYX[Z]\_^H`bacde^FfgZh^Hi"j
Lw 895†69(YZNP5"?J(4nNP…"!9(bk3$#2=-(*5+%#2e,IGoan,-9@#&%†N~5(Y95(%+(*4DNP+#2=-(3(]$NI?JY91&(0,IGQNI<,'l@)*(3(*4=>#25+,-7‰
?J(4UTŠgY95,_=>#269(%hNI1&1Me>Y$#&)NP1cGH(NP"8$5+(%g,IGm%+89)D!(*4=>#25+,-$?@(*A+%‡W„[(,-Y$1&(X.TNI12\A#&9SK4e-ai,,lJ)(*%LNI5(
GH5+(*FA89(4"1der5+(GH895+$#&%+!$(6Qa[NI96 %+(=-(*5"NI1…Y91&NI)(*%L"!ZNPX12,>,I\R+!9(%"NI?J(b",B"!$(J5,-Ki,Inm %%+(*9%+,-5%X%+89)D!
NI%0(IU S9UZ%Že>?J?J(*"5#&))*,-5+5#&69,-5%U†€m#2S-895+(z>pU o69(*Y9#&)"%gNIR,-8$"12#&9(h,IGm+!9#&%W69(*YZNI5Ž"?J(4U/„1&(NP%+(X9,I+(
"!9NPg(*=-(*:"!$,-89S-!"!9(XoZS-8$5+(k69(Y9#2)*+%3NP1&1Q"!$(XGH8$5+9#d"895(X.0#d"!9#2B"!9(k,, lJ)(*%ai,-912e<"!9(.nNI1&12%3NP96
N%+?@NI1&1p%89K9%(*b,PGn"!$(JGH8959#2+895+()NIKi(J69(*+()*+(6 .0#2"!"!$(@5,-KM,Pn m %k%,-ZNI5k%+(*9%+,I5+r% q"!9(1&NI%+(*5
5"NP9S-(‰ªoZ969(*5+%h./(5(9,ILNIY9Y912#&(6q#&:+!9#&%3(]$NI?JY91&n( sU3"!9#2%h)NP%+(b,-$12e"!9(K91
NI)D\,-K$%DNP)1&(*%NI5(
69("()DNIK$1&(.0#2+!qsgt3vuhtw m›%0%+,IZNI50%+(*9%+,-5%U
}"!9#2%~(f]$NI?@Y$1&(@./(@.0#21&1…#&121&89%Ž"5+NP"("!$('NIK9#21&#der,IGW,-8$5#&?JY912(?J(4DNP+#&,-,IG0^:NI5+\P,_=}1&,7)NP1d‰
#&ONP"#2,-:+v, u,wyx,z|{,w}w0~R(%Ž"#2?<NP+("!$(YM,-%#2+#&,-r,IG/NB?J,-K9#&12(~5,-Ki,IGH5+,-? %+)*5"NP+)D!QUˆW!9(DNP%+\,IG†"!$(
?J(*"!$,>6#2%h",<(%+#&?@NP"(k"!9(YM,-%#2+#&,-q,IG…"!9(b5,-Ki,Ih.0!9#21&(~#2L?J,_=-(*%h"!95,-89S-!+!9((4=7#&5,-9?J(4U
t3(*5+(Pa[+!9(#&9#d"#
NP1[Yi,-%#2"#2,-r,IG†"!9(5,-KM,PX#&%),I?@Y912(*+(12eq899\A9,_.0NI96 #&$GH,-5?<N`"#&,INIKi,-8$X"!$(
Yi,-%+#d"#&,I<,IGc"!$(5+,-Ki,IT)NI,-91de<Ki(L69(*5+#2=I(6BGH5+,I? +!9(5+,-Ki,I m›%T%,-ZNI5n%+($%+,-5%U†ˆW!9(69#&%ŽDNI$)(%T+,
"!$(b9(]7X,-K$%DNP)1&(*%L#&q"!9(b?@NIY$()(*%+%+NI5eGH,I5h,-895h%+($%+,-5?J,>6$(1[#&4"5,>698$)(6r#2V>(*)*"#2,-z>U ΠUd{
NI5(R(f]7"5"NP)*"(*6 GH5,-? +!9(?<NIY 69(*Y9#&)"(*6C#&;€m#2S-895(Rz>pU o>U ˆW!9(qY9NP"!;,IGg"!9(5+,IKM,I6$895+#29Sr"!9#2%
(]$NI?JY912(b5+89r#2%h%!9,_.0 #2r€m#&SI895+(bz>pU + qµ2N sUˆW!$(5+,-Ki,IL%ŽDNI5Ž"%#2:"!9(),-55+#&6$,-5LNI$6o95+%L?@,_=-(*%
89Y<NI96<6$,.0@"!9(g),-55+#269,-5…K4e@Y9NI%+%#&9S~YM,-%#2+#&,-9% €-"a ‚9a$NI$„6 ƒZUˆW!9(<#2…?J,=I(%/#&4"†, …‡#‡>ˆŠ‰NP96
…‡‡‹ˆŒ<=7#
NYi,-%+#d"#&,Ir
ŽBNI96BoZZNP1&12e<%+,-Y9%gNP0Yi,-%+#d"#&,I ZU
€m#&SI895+(Rz>5U +Wqµ
K sb%!9,_.0%<NI;,-8$+1&#29(B,IGg"!9((4=7#&5,-9?J(4@NI1&,I9S.0#2+!;+!9(KM(*1&#&(bG ‘t’>“”q–•JsJNP%
"!$( 5,-Ki,IYZNI%%+(%RYi,-%+#d"#&,IŠ
€4U tg(5+(Pah"!$( Ki(12#&(G~#2%BY95+‹, —()*+(6 ,- +!9( ˜
™šg),7,-569#&ZN`"(%NP96
‹-
20 m
$!
#" v
" &'n"y
27 m
-.0/213,1,1;>ABC727n=BD†798(By;‹8 G!#" ;>G#:<B#!079:$>8 G7%27|B<7& B<7& G'tBC27E:<;‹8n=:<798:<;>=”:)(?1
Room A
5
4
3
Start
1
2
Room C
Room B
*,+'-
*,.-
-.0/213,1/,1012(43h865,. =;‹8DF798'B7>88nBC ;>ABC27P=”;>G";>B$>89yG:( G7& .07|A;=<?>@1A(4nBB;‹:. B.0;‹89C‹1
6ZNI5\I(*5=PNI1289(%5(Y95(%+(*4:!9#2S-!9(*5BY95+,-K9NIK9#&12#2+#&(%*U +!9#&%B(NI5+1de %"NIS-(,IGk"!9(S-12,-KZNI13YM,I%+#2+#&,-
(%Ž"#2?<NP+#&,-+!9(Y95+,IKZNIK9#21&#2eq69#2%"5#&K98>"#&,Ir#&%%+Y$5+(NP6,-8$k,_=-(*5~?J,-%ŽkNI5+(NI%X,IG/+!9(J(4=7#&5+,I9?@(*4
6989(3",b12,>)NI1‘%e7?@?J(*+5+#2(%Upu3,I+(h"!ZN`T%+8$)D!NIBNI?bK$#&S-89,I89%n%#2"89NP"#2,-@)NI99,PWKM(35+(*Y95+(*%+(4+(6RKAe
"!$(k#2?@Y$1&(?J(4"NP"#2,-9%n,P4G DXNI12?<NI@oZ12+(5T"(*)D!99#2F78$(%U
l3G+(50%+,-?J(?J,-5+(L?J(*+(5%W,IGm5,-Ki,I0?@,P"#&,I<"!9(Ki(12#&(Gj#2%W%+#&1&1i9,I0)*,-9)*(4"5+NP"(*6:,-RN%+#29S-1&(
Yi,-%+#d"#&,IQamK98>b"!9(B5,-Ki,INI125+(NI6$e 69(*+()"(6 "!9NPb#db#&%~#&+!9(B),I5+5+#269,-5 qµ%((€m#2S-895+('z>Ud{  q­N s sU
lh%'+!9(5+,-Ki,IB5(NI)D!$(%YM,I%+#2+#&,- ƒ #2'!ZNI%B%+)NI99(*6 +!9(r(96 ,IGX"!$(r),-55+#&6$,-5<.0#2+!E#2"%<%+,-ZNP5
%+(*9%+,I5+%WNI$6'!9($)(h+!9(h69#2%+5+#&K$8$"#2,-@6$(Y9#2)*"(*6'#&<€m#&SI895+(hz>Ud{  qH
K s†#2%/)*,-9)(*4"5"N`"(6B,I<.n,1&,7)NI1
?@N`]>#&?@N$UCyE!9#21&(B"!9(q?<N]$#2?b89? 1&NIKM(*1&(*F
6 E5+(*Y95+(*%+(*A+%'"!9(R"589(q12,>)NP"#2,-;,IGL"!$(:5+,IKM,Ian"!$(
%+(*),-$6 ?@N`]>#&?b8$? NP5+#&%(%698$('","!$(B%e7?@?J(*+5e,IG0"!9(B)*,-5+5#&69,-r5 qµYi,-%+#d"#&,IG
EE:#2%5+,I"NP"(*6 KAe
‹{
"!
#%$!
&'&(*)
{>o  5(1&NP"#d=-(L",Yi,-%+#d"#2,- E'sU
II
I
*,+'-
*,.-
-*. /213,1 1 7& .07|A ; <&>@1A(%12(4nBB;‹:.0B.0;‹8 >89yG:(7nBB;‹:.0B.0;‹8
#1
I
II
*,+'-
*,.-
-*. /213,1n1 7& .07|A ; <&>@1A(%12(4nBB;‹:.0B.0;‹8 >89yG:(7nBB;‹:.0B.0;‹81
an(*GH,I5+(5+(NI)D!9#&$S
iY ,-%+#d"#2,- Ž‘a/"!$(R5,-Ki,I?@,_=I(6C#24",…‡#‡>ˆ‰iUˆW!$(q69#x(*5+(*AGH8959#2+895+(#2
…‡‡‹ˆ‰BNI96…‡#‡>ˆ<!9(12YM(*6R+!9(X5+,-Ki,I0",69#2%"NI?K9#&S-89NP"(Ki(*./((*YM,I%+#2+#&,-$%=ENI96EEb%+,"!ZN`
"!$(RY$5+,-KZNPK9#&12#2e ,IG3KM(*#&9SNP+!9(),-55+(*)*Yi,-%+#d"#&,I E:#&%$,.!9#&SI!9(5+!ZNI "!9(BY$5+,-KZNPK9#&12#2e ,IG
Ki(#&$S'NPhYM,-%#2+#&,-
EEvqH%+(*(€m#&SI895+(z>Ud{-r{ qµ2N s sfU3lgG"(53!ZN=7#&9S'Y9NI%+%(_6 …‡‡‹ˆ]Œ+!9(5,-Ki,Ih5(NI)D!$(%
"!$(LoZZNI1QYi,-%#2"#2,- JNI969,_. 8$9#&FA89(*12e'6$(*"(*5+?J#&9(*6#2"%nYM,-%#2+#&,-')*,-5+5()"12eIUˆW!9(oZZNI1xKM(*1&#&(Gc,IG
"!$(k5,-Ki,I0#&%W%!9,_.0:#&R€m#2S-895(Xz>Ud{-{ qµ
K sfU
sg(*S4NI569#&9S"!$#&%g(]$NI?JY91&(Pa‘+!9(5(bNI5(k./,'?@NI#&R)D!ZNI121&(*9S-(%gYi,-%+(*6K4eq%89)D!NIq(4=7#&5+,I9?@(*4
.0#2+!5+(%YM(*)*g",1&,7)NP1&#&ONP"#2,-Q‡
{-U †!‡ L#"M(5(4kY91
NP)(%k#&,, lJ)*(@(*A=7#25+,-9?J(4+%ke7Y9#2)NI1212e12,>,I\:"!9(%+NI?@(","!$(
5,-KM,Pn m %J%(9%,-5+%*U ˆW!A89%*aT#& ,-569(5+,NI121&,_. Nr5+,-Ki,I", 1&,7)NP1&#&O*(<#d"%+(*12GgGH5+,-? %+)*5"NP+)D!QaT#2
#2%b#&?JYM,I5DNPA~",NIY$Y912eN1&,7)NI12#&ONP"#2,- ?J(*+!9,76}.0!9#&)D! #&%(]>Y95+(*%+%#2=-(R($,-89S-! ",r!9NI96912(
%#2"89NP"#2,-9%L#2.0!9#&)D!"!9(Yi,-%#2"#2,-r#&%h9,IX69("(5?@#29(689$#&FA89(1de-U^qNI5+\P,=1&,7)NI12#&ON`"#&,Iq#2%
%89)D!Nk+()D!99#2FA89(NI%†.n(3%"N. #&<,I895/(f]$NI?@Y$1&(g5+89QU@"!9#2%/(f]9NP?@Y912(g./(hSI89#&69(*6<"!$(h5+,IKM,I
‹z
$!
#" v
" &'n"y
2# A+,r"!9(,,lJ)(*%@#2 ,-5+69(*5", NI1&12,. #d", 899#&FA89(*12e 6$(*"(*5+?J#&9(B#d"%Yi,-%+#d"#2,-QU ˆ[, 69(*%+#2S-
?J,-K9#21&(L5,-KM,P"%W.0#2+!:N!9#&SI!q69(*S-5+(*(~,PGNI8$+,-9,-?~e-aZ#2g#2%g6$(%+#25"NIK$1&(L"!9NPh5,-Ki,I"%069,"!9#2%0,-
+!9(#25W,.0x‡m]>Y912,-5+("!$(#&5W(*4=>#25+,-$?@(*Ag#2R,I5+69(*5T",J69(*+(5+?J#&$(L"!9(*#&5W1&,7)N`"#&,IQU
z>U I‡pl3YZNI5WGH5,-?Yi(,IY91&(L.nNI1&\A#29SK4e-aZ(%YM(*)#&NI1&1de@+!9(5+(GH895+9#2%+!9#29S,IGj,, lJ)(*%3NP96
,-Yi($(
6 )*1&,-%(6 69,>,I5+%)NP %#&S-9#doZ)NPA+12e:)D!ZNI9S-("!$(@NPY9YM(NI5"NP9)(,IG†"!9(J(4=7#&5,-9?J(4U
ˆW!9#2%X5"NI#2%+(%L+!9(FA89(%Ž"#&,I ,IGn!9,_. +,R?@NI\P(@NB12,>)NI1&#2ONP+#&,-q?@("!9,765+,-K98$%~NIS4NI#29%L%+89)D!
6$e7ZNP?@#2)%W( M()"%*U
ˆW!9(%('.n,:)D!ZNI1&12(9SI(%XGµNI1&1…#&4+,q"!$(@GH,7)89%k,IGW"!$#&%X.n,-5\‘‡ˆW!9('Y95,-K91&(*? ,IGW6$e7ZNP?@#2)@(*A=7#¢‰
5+,I9?@(*4"%T.0#&121MKi(XNI696$5+(%%+(*6q#2R“n!ZNIY$+(5 ‹ NI96B#2R“n!ZNIY$+(50’b.n(L.0#21&1M#&4"5,>698$)(N?J(*"!$,>6<GH,I5
NI)"#2=I(1de'S-89#269#&$SNJ5,-KM,PT",JY91
NP)(%T+!ZNPg!9(*1&Y#2W+,J8$9#&FA89(*12e'12,>)NI1&#2O(L#d"%(12GvU
QHR<SHR<Q
Z bi"j"X
Z j
jZFf
d^F^
rN<5()*(4kNP++(?JY$g",'?J,_=-(N.nN_eRGH5+,I? ,'l@)*(‰ªe>Yi(b(*A=7#25+,-9?J(4+%L#&4",@?@,I5+(6$#lJ)891dh,I9(%*a
"!$(LY95+,IK91&(*? ,IG[NI))*895"N`"(LYi,-%+#d"#2,-@(*%+#&?@NP"#2,-J.nNI%WN~?<N‹—,I5/Y95(5(FA89#&%#2+(hGH,-5†%+89)*)(%%GH891º?J,-K9#21&(
5+,IKM,I<ZN=7#&S4NP+#&,-xU YZNP5"#2)891&NI5a/.n(r5()(*4"12e #&$%DNP1&1&(*6C,-8$5<?J,-K9#&12(5+,-Ki,IBsgt3vuhw #2C"!$(
!#"$#&%'!)(+*x-,$, q/.(5+?@NI ^q89%(89v
? an,I9Qaj€m#&S-8$5+(Jz>Ud{z q­2N s?saº.0!9(*5+(J#2X%+(*5=I(6}"!$(
GH899)"#2,-q,PGNIR#&4"(*5"NI)"#d=-(k5+,-Ki,I"#2)L",-8$5Ž‰SI89#&69(PU/ˆW!$(~5,-KM,Pn m %0"NI%+\'.nNI%g",J(9S4NPS-(=>#2%+#d",-5%3NP96
S-89#269(X"!9(*? "!95,-89S-!R"!9(~(]>!9#&K$#2"#2,-QaZY95,_=>#269#&$SJ=I(5+K9NI1j(f]>Y91
NI9NP"#2,-9%WGH,-5W"!9(k=PNI5+#2,-89%0(]>!9#2K9#2+%
qµ%((€m#2S-895(Bz>Ud{z qH
K s sfUrlh ,_=-(*5=7#&(.,IGW+!9('69# x(*5+(*A"()D!$9#&FA89(*%@NPY9Y91&#2(6}#2"!$#&%Y$5+(, —(*)*#2%
S-#d=-(#2
0 aW“T2€ 1*+ o-4N 3 aW“T2€ 1[+ oI)K 5NI96"!$(%+,IG.nNI5+(JNI5)D!9#2+()"895(J,PG/+!9(s3tgvuLw %e7%+(? .0#2+!
NI (?JY9!ZNP%+#&%,I +!9(#&4"(*S-5"N`"#&,I},IG3YM,-%#2+#&,-}(*%+#&?@NP"#2,-}#&4+,r?@,-K$#&1&(@5+,-Ki,I)*,-4"5+,I1n.0#&121nKi(
69#2%+)8$%+%+(*6:#2:“n!9NIY$"(*5 Œ U
*,+6-
* .-
-*. /21#3,193,1012(26JC27H787 C. G#.0B.0;‹8 ;>ABC7:9<;#=>@?8A8B;C?DE=F?#;#=HGJILKNMOM >89yG:(@IPJLNMHOG>:J.0B/‹. 5>79:B B<;RQ2= 1
jˆ ,(*9%+8$5+(X?<N]$#2?<NP1i%+NPGH(*e<#&'5,-Ki,IWZN=7#&S4N`"#&,IQa7./(XNIY9Y$1&#&(*6Bsgt3vuLwtm %T1
NP%+(5n5"NI9SI(‰Šo9969(5%
GH,-5bYi,-%#2"#2,-(*%+#&?@NP"#2,-}69895#&9Sq"!9('+,-895Ž‰ŠS-89#269(<Y95,(—()U€m#&S-8$5+(Bz7U2{ ‹ 6$(Y9#2)*"%NP ,-8$"12#&9(@,IG
‹-‹
"!
#%$!
&'&(*)
20 m
"!$(L?b89%(89?RU„1&(NI%+(L$,I"(g"!ZNPn,-91deJ+!9(LK91&NI)D\,-K9%ŽDNI)*1&(%n),-89126<Ki(L69("()"(*6R5(12#
NIK91deb.0#2+!<"!$(
5+,IKM,I m›%W1&NI%+(*5W5"NI$S-(‰ªoZ969(*5+% qµ%,-ZNI5W%(9%,-5+%W./(5+(k9,IgNPY9Y91&#2(6B#2'"!9#2%W(4=7#&5+,I9?@(*49 sUˆW!$(kSI5+(*e
,-K9%ŽDNI)*1&(*%…./(5(3(*#2+!9(59,P…,-J+!9(0!9(#2S-!4…,IGi"!9(01
NP%+(5%(9%,-5+%†,-5?@NI69(W,IGMS-1&NI%+%*UpˆW!A89%a7YM,I%+#2+#&,-
(%Ž"#2?<NP+#&,-<#&B"!9(X?b8$%+(8$? .TNI%0KZNP%+(6q%+,-12(1de',-B"!$(%+(kK91&NI)D\',-K9%ŽDNI)*1&(*%U
21 m
-.0/213,1,1O 2Q B# . 87;>ABC27ED<Q:<7 Q D
y;‹8 G!#" ;>G#:<B#! 79: n=7Q#:<7&tA;>= ";‹:”.0B.0;‹8t79:<B. D nB.0;‹8(?1
True location
*,+6-
*,.-
-.0/213,121012(J6 >8 ;>A*BC27>:<7|= = >82/>7"827|=”:7>8 yG:(;‹:.0B.0;‹8 =”;>GnG#. . B.079: nAyB<7|=.8(B<7|/>= nB.82/FBC. :
#: >8. 8(B<;FBC7EG7& .07|A 1
hl %gNI(]$NI?JY912(Ia$)*,-9%#&69(*5T"!9(X%+#d"8ZN`"#&,I<.0!9("!$(k5,-Ki,IW#&%nY91
NI)*(6#&'+!9(X?b89%(89?NI96#2+%
Yi,-%+#d"#&,I'#&%T)*,-?JY91&("(1deJ899\A9,_.0QUnV>89)D!qNb%+#2+8ZNP+#&,-'#2%T5+(*Y95+(*%+(*A+(6qKAe'Nb899#dGH,-5+? 69#&%Ž"5#&K98$+#&,-
,IGQ+!9(hYi,-%#2"#2,-Y95+,IKZNIK9#21&#2+#&(*%Uj€m#&S-8$5+(3z>Ud{’rqµN2sp69(Y9#2)*+%TN~%)NI<,IGQ"!$(h1
NP%+(5†5"NP9S-(‰ªoZ969(*5+%†DNI\P(
NP~"!9(B%ŽDNI5ŽbYi,-%+#d"#&,I,IGW+!9(B5+,-Ki,IUrt3(*5+(Ia?@N`] 5"NP9S-('?J(NI%895+(*?@(*4"%NI5(<,-?J#2"(6}NI96}"!$(
5+(*1&(=INPAhYZNI5ŽL,IG+!9(b?@NIY#&%3%+!ZNP69(6r#2S-5+(e-ULˆW!$(bKM(*1&#2(*G…NPG+(53!ZN=>#29SB#&4+(S-5+NP"(*6:"!9#2%h%(9%,-5
‹’
$!
#" v
" &'n"y
%+)NI #&4",+!9(BYi,-%+#d"#&,I(%Ž"#2?<NP+#&,-#&%bY912,I++(6}#2 €m#&SI895+(z7U2{’ qµK
sbNI12,-9S:.0#d"! N?@NIY ,IG0"!$(
(4=7#&5,-9?J(4 qH,-912e,IK#—()"%W89%(6'GH,-5/1&,7)NI12#&ON`"#&,INI5+(369(Y9#2)*+(6
sfUnV7(*=-(*5"NI1M1&,7)NI1‘?@N`]>#&?@Nk#2<"!$(
69#2%"5#&K98>"#&,IB%+!9,_. +!ZNP0"!$(kYi,-%#2"#2,-',IGj"!9(X5,-KM,PW!ZNI%09,I0eI(*gKM(*(q899#&FA89(*12e<69(*+(5+?J#&$(6QU
True location
*,+6-
*,.-
-.0/21"3,1,1 12( 6,7& ;‹8 #: >8 ;>ABC27%>:<7|= = >82/>7"827|=”:@B#">798 nB >82;>BC27|=$;‹:.0B.0;‹8 >8 yG ( ";‹:”.0B.0;‹8
=;>GnG#. .0B.079:nAB<7|=e. 8'B<7|/>= nB. 82/FBC.::#>8 . 8'B<;FBC27EG7& . 7|A–1
3u ,_. +!9(5+,-Ki,I?J,=I(%JNIKi,-8$<z?@("(*5+%JNI96;#&4"(*S-5"N`"(%+!9(9(]7J%+)NIC69(*Y9#&)"(*6 #2 €j#&SP‰
895(kz>U2{_”„q­N2s†#&4",+!9(Yi,-%+#d"#&,I<(%Ž"#2?<NP+#&,-xUmˆW!9(89Yi6ZNP+(6Ki(1&#2(*Gc#2%nY912,I++(6B#&'€m#&S-8$5+(z7U2{”rqHK
sU
lh%B)NI Ki(%+(*(E!9(5(Ia0"!9(r)*(5ŽDNI#2Ae #& +!9(Yi,-%+#d"#2,-C(*%"#2?<N`"#&,IC#&$)5+(NI%+(*%NI96 +!9(S-12,-KZNI1
?@N`]>#&?b89? ,IG…+!9(KM(*1&#2(*G†NI125+(NP6$eR),-55+(%YM,I969%",'+!9(b"589(1&,7)NP+#&,-R,IG…"!$(5+,-Ki,IUXlgG"(5#24"(‰
S-5+NP"#29SRNI9,I+!9(5~%+)NP#&4+,q"!$(@Ki(12#&(*G/"!9(J5+,IKM,IXoZ9NI1&1derYM(*5+)*(#2=I(%+!9(J%+($%+,-5b%)NI %+!9,_.0 #2
€m#2S-895+(z>Ud{ Œ qµ2N sUug,_. +!9(Yi,-%#2"#2,-:#2%h89$#&FA89(1deR69(*+(5+?J#&$(6rNI$6"!9(b5,-Ki,Ih#2%h!9#2S-!91de)(5ŽDNI#2
,IGjKM(*#&9SJNPW+!9("589(X1&,7)NP+#&,- qH%+(*(€m#2S-895(kz>U2{ Œ qµ
K s?sU
wL9)(h+!9(LYi,-%+#d"#2,-@,PGº"!9(L5,-Ki,In#2%n89$#&FA89(1deJ69(*+(5+?J#&$(6Qa7"!9(3(%+#&?@NP"#2,-J(5+5,-5n#2%/e7Y9#2)NI1212e
Ki(1&,_.{  )? NI%k+!9(5+,-Ki,IX?J,_=-(%k"!95,-89S-!"!$(J?89%+(*89?qUJlh121),-?JY98$"NP"#2,-r#&%X)NI5+5#&(6 ,-8$k#2
5+(NI1d‰ª"#2?@(PaA.0!$#&1&(3"!9(5,-KM,PT?J,=I(%*U º,7)NI12#&O*#&9Sk"!9(5,-KM,PTGH5+,-? %+)*5"NP+)D!q5(FA89#25+(%W12(%%T"!ZNI'./,
?J#&A8$"(*%m#2~"!$(n?b89%(89?RUml3%j+!9(n)*(5"NI#&4e~#&k"!9(/5+,-Ki,In m %[YM,-%#2+#&,-kS-5+,_.0%*a-,-895j%+(12()"#2=I(T89Yi6ZNP+(
%+)D!$(?J(J#24"5+,76989)*(6#& V7()*+#&,- z>U Œ Uƒz'NI1&12,_.0%L89%L",Y95,>)*(%%k(NI)D! %+($%+,-5X%+)NI#&r12(%+%L+!ZNI  Ud{
%+(*),-$69%a‘89%#&9S@NJz - ^:tgOXA+(1c„[(4"#289?<„5,9U
yE!ZNPX?@NI69(12,>)NI1&#2ONP+#&,-R#&+!9(?b89%(89? %YM(*)#doZ)NI1212eq)D!ZNI121&($S-#&[email protected]%+!9(ZNP+895+(,IG†"!$(
(4=7#&5,-9?J(4‡
{-U $
O I‡ ˆW!9(Y95+,IK91&(*? ,IGk1&,7)NP1&#&ONP"#2,- .TNI%YZNP5"#2)891&NI5+1de;69# lJ)8$12B#2 "!9#2%
?b8$%+(8$? 6989(L+,+!9(1
NP)D\<,IG[GH(NP+895+(*%W69(*+()DNIK912(XKAe<"!9(5,-KM,Pn m %W%+($%+,-5%3NP966989(","!$(
1&NI5+S-(h,-YM(*q%YZNI)*(~#2+!9(X)(*A+(5gYM,I5"#2,-B,IG["!9(X(*A=7#25+,-9?J(4U
z>U ) i‡ˆW!$(@1&NI5+S-(A89?KM(*5k,PGnYi(,-Y$1&(%+8955+,-8$969#&$S+!9(5+,-Ki,IX?@NI69(1&,7)NP1d‰
#2ONP+#&,-<N)D!ZNI121&($S-#&9S~Y95+,IK91&(*?qa7%+#29)(h+!9(*e<,IG"(*'K912,>)D\P(6RN?@‹N —,-5/GH5+NI)*+#&,-@,IG[sgt3vuLtw m %
‹”
y * | True location
*,+6-
*,.-
-*. /21#3,1,1012(@-;RQ2=BC : >8 >; ABC27%>:<7|= = >82/>7827|=?:B>89yG:(;‹:. B.0;‹8 =;>GnG#. .0B.079:nAB<7|=
. 8'B<7|/>= nB. 8/FBC. ::#>8. 8(B<;FBC7EG7& .07|A 1
1&NI%+(*5W5+(NP69#&9SI%TGH,-5W(]7"(*969(*669895+NP"#2,-9%W,IG["#2?@(PU
‹ U N ! I‡ p=-(*:"!9,I89S-!Rs3tgvuLw NPY9Y91&#2(%TGH,-8$5W69#"M(5(4g%+($%+,-5g%e7%+(?J%gGH,I5
,-K$%DNP)1&(<69(*+()*+#&,- qH)IU GvUz>Uƒ‚ sfam=PNI5+#2,-89%b,-K$%DNP)1&(*%b#& "!9('?89%+(*89? ./(5(=7#25"89NI1&1de89969(f‰
+()*"NIK912(~GH,-5g"!9(b5,-Ki,Iai%+89)D! NI%h(IU S9UMSI1
NI%%h)NPS-(%*aQY98$8$Y",'Y95,I"(*)*(f]>!9#&K9#d"%*aM,-5h?@(DNI1
Y91&NP"(*%/,[email protected]!9#2)D!'(]>!9#2K9#2+%†./(5(hY91&NI)(*6QUpyE!9#&12(W"!9#2%†%((*?@%n+,~Ki(LNk)D!ZNI121&($S-(WGH,-5/)*,-1&12#&%#&,-
N=-,I#&6ZNI$)(LNP96'9,I†GH,-5/1&,7)NI12#&ON`"#&,IQaP./(h.0#&121Z%+!9,_. #&J"!9#2%†+!9(%#&%*a>"!9NP† {# ?{F hYM,I%+#2+#&,-
(*%"#2?<N`"#&,I'#&%0NY95+(*),-$69#2+#&,-'GH,-5W%+NPGH(XZN=7#&S4NP+#&,-B#2%+89)D!q(4=7#&5+,I9?@(*4"%U
yE!9#&12(h"!$(LoZ5+%Ž0Y95+,-K$1&(? #&%W%,-12=I(6K4e'Yi,-%+#d"#2,-'Y95,-KZNIK9#21&#de@SI5+#&6$%T#&4"5,>6$89)(*6R#2<"!$#&%W)D!ZNIY7‰
"(*5a["!9(J,I"!$(5X.n,)D!9NI1&12(9S-(*%NP5+(J9,I~NI69695(%%+(6 K4e^:NI5\I,_= 1&,7)NI12#&ONP"#2,-QU@wL895~%,-1&8>"#&,I+,
"!$(Y95+,-K$1&(? ,IG†1&,7)NI12#&ONP"#2,-q(=-(* .0!9(* +!9(5+,-Ki,I m›%%(9%,-5+%~NI5+(K91&,7)D\I(*6 .0#21&1mKi(#&4+5+,76989)(*6
#& “n!9NIY$"(*5 ‹ U ,-5+6$(5L",B(*9%+8$5+(J%"NPGH(ZN=7#&S-NP"#2,-(*=I( #&r(4=7#&5,-9?J(4"%.0#d"!r#&4=7#&%#&K912(b,-K>‰
%"NI)12(%*aQ.n(69(=-(12,-Yi(6 NB?@("!9,76GH,-5L5,-KM,P),-4+5+,-1m.0!$#&)D!#&4"(*S-5"N`"(%%(9%,-5XNI96?@NIY>‰ŠKZNI%+(*6
#&>GH,-5+?@NP"#2,-#&4+,35(NI)"#2=I(n)*,-1&12#&%+#2,-XN=-,-#26ZNI9)*(IUjˆW!9#&%c"(*)D!99#&FA89(/.0#&1&14Ki(†69#&%)89%%+(6#2b“n!9NIY$"(*5”>U
ˆW!9(k5+(NP69(5g?<NeB$,I"#2)("!ZN`a‘NI1d"!9,-8$S-!RNI1&1Q(*4=>#25+,-$?@(*A"NI1º?J,>69(*1&%W89%(6q#&"!9#2%T"!9(*%+#&%3NI5(
“nl 3‰Š?<NPY9%aMYM,-%#2+#&,-Y$5+,-KZNPK9#&12#2eS-5#&69%NP5+(NIK$1&(~+,B1&,7)NI12#&O*(N'?J,-K9#21&(k5+,-Ki,IL(=-(* #21&(NI5+9(*6
,7))8$YZNI9)eXS-5+#26?<NIY$%U[E 0 T€pth"V + Œ 4K 5I.n(…S-#d=-(…(]$NI?JY91&(*%Q.0!9(5(†+!9(…5+,-Ki,Iº%89))*(%%GH891212eX1&,7)NP1&#&O*(%
#2+%+(*12G[#&?@NIY9%WK989#212TGH5,-? %,-ZNI5W6ZN`DN$U
rp
"!9#2%)D!ZNIY$+(5./(3#2A+5+,76989)*(6"!9(0YZNP5"NI69#2S-? ,IGx^:NI5+\P,_=1&,7)NI12#&ON`"#&,Ik+,k(*%+#&?@NP"(n+!9(0YM,I%+#2+#&,-
,IGpN@?J,-K9#&12(5+,-Ki,IgKZNI%(6,I:%+(*9%+,I5h6ZNP"N@NP96:#d"%g#&?JY91&(*?@(*A"NP"#2,-'89%#&9S@YM,I%+#2+#&,-Y95,-KZNIK$#&1&#de
‹-Œ
$!
#" v
" &'n"y
S-5#&69%*U ˆW!$#&%BNIY$Y95+,4NP)D!ENIY9Y912#&(%<Y95+,-K9NIK9#&12#&%Ž"#&)5(Y95(%+(*4DNP+#&,-9%'GH,I5<"!9(:5+,-Ki,Inm %'12,>)NP"#2,-QaT"!$(
,-8$+),-?J(,IGmNI)*+#&,-$%a‘NI96B+!9(X5+,-Ki,Inm %0YM(*5+)*(Y$+%U
“n,-?JYZNI5+(*6C", wyx! {,wNIY9Y$5+,4NI)D!$(%<+,Yi,-%+#d"#&,I;+5"NI)D\A#&$S9an.0!9#2)D! NI%+%89?J(:"!ZN`@+!9(:%ŽDNI5Ž"#&$S
1&,7)N`"#&,I,IG†"!9(5+,IKM,IL#&%\A9,_.0Qa[,-895XNIY9Y$5+,4NI)D! #&$!9(5#2"%3"!9(Ki(9(o9"%k,IGnNSI(9(*5"NI1p+()D!99#2FA89(
GH,-53%DN`"((*%+#&?@NP"#2,-Q‡TŠh)NIr5(Y95(%+(*4X?b8912+#d‰Š?@,76ZNI1MY95+,-K9NIK9#&12#2eB6$#&%+5+#2K98$"#2,-9%3NI96:+!9(5(*GH,-5(
#&%pNIK91&(/",5+(*Y95+(*%+(*A/NI?K9#&S-8$#2"#2(%*U[ˆW!$#&%#&%pNI#&?JYM,I5DNPAmY95+(*5+(*F78$#&%+#d"(T+, u,wyx,z|{,w}w0~„qH5+(‰ sŽ12,>)NI1&#2O(†N
5+,IKM,I†GH5+,I? %+)5+NP")D!xU†@.n,-5\@Ki(*eI,-96<+!9(h%),-Yi(L,IGx"!9#2%†+!9(%#&%n./(h)*,-96989)"(*6NI'(]>Yi(5#&?J(4DNI1
),I?@YZNP5+#&%,-Ki(*./((* ,I895"(*)D!99#2F78$(NI96 N:12,>)NI1†NIY9Y95,4NI)D!}",rYi,-%#2"#2,-(*%+#&?@NP"#2,-QUR}"!9#2%
),I?@YZNP5+#&%,-Yi,-%+#d"#2,-Y95,-KZNIK9#21&#deS-5+#269%L!ZN=-(%!9,_.0+,BKM(?J,-5(b5+,-K$89%XNPS4NI#&$%9,I#&%+(#&"!$(
Y95,_]>#2?@#de%(9%,-5+%/NI96"!9(0,769,-?J(*+5eb,PGx?J,-K9#21&(n5,-Ki,I"b% qµ%(( 0 . T€ D +,o 5$GH,-5(f]$NI)*/5+(*%+891d"|% sfU…wL
"!$(b,I"!$(5L%#&69(PaQ6989(b+,'"!9(b6$#&%+)*5+("#&ONP"#2,-:,PG†+!9(b%ŽDNP+(%+YZNI)*(IaQ,I895h"(*)D!99#2F78$(J#2%h12(%+%LNI))*895"NP+(
"!9NIR+()D!9$#&FA89(%3KZNI%(6:,Iq%)NIq?<NP+)D!9#&$S9‡yE!9#&12(L"!9(kNI)*)895+NI)*e,IGm,-895gNIY9Y$5+,4NI)D!q#&%Te7Y9#2)NI1212e
!9#2S-!9(5L+!ZNI {  )*?qax%+)NP ?@NP")D!$#&9S'+()D!99#2FA89(%k#&r)*,-?bK9#2ZNP"#2,-:.0#d"!1
NI%(55+NI9S-(f‰ŠoZ96$(5+%X)NI
5+(NI)D!@NI5+K9#d"5+NI5ebNI))*895"NI)*#&(*%†5(1&NP"#d=-(T",+!9(0?<NP+)D!9(6J,-#K —(*)*+% qH%+(*(3(PU›S9U 0 .k"V + Œ 3-l F+,o43Lˆ .†+ Œ 5 sU
t3,_./(*=I(5an#& 0 €[H“ + o 5 ./(Y95+,-Yi,-%(6 N$(*. #2?@Y$1&(?J(4"NP"#2,-,IGgYi,-%+#d"#2,-}Y95,-KZNIK9#21&#deS-5#&69%
.0!9#2)D!b#&%jNIK912(†+,LNI6ZNPY$j+!9(n6$#&%+)*5+("#&ONP"#2,-k,IG9"!$(/%ŽDNP+(n%+Y9NI)(T#2~,I5+69(*5j",hNI1&12,_.}!9#2S-!9(5jNI)*)895+NI)*eIa
#2G[9(*(69(*6QU
),IA+5"NI%Žh+,@"!$(,I+!9(53#&?JY91&(*?@(*A"NP"#2,-9%W,IG…^:NI5+\P,_=:12,>)NI1&#2ONP+#&,-Qa>,-8950"(*)D!99#&FA89(89%+(*%N
oZ9(f‰S-5+NI#&$(6 S-5+#26>‰KZNP%+(6 69#&%)5(*"#2ONP+#&,-,IGn"!9(J%"NP"(J%+YZNP)(IU L89(","!$#&%k5+(Y$5+(%(4DN`"#&,IQam,-8$5
#&?JY912(?J(4DNP+#&,-B!9NI%LNI6>=INPA"NIS-(*%h,_=-(*53"!$(bNIY9Y$1&#&)NP"#2,-9%WKZNP%+(6:,-q+,-YM,I1&,-S-#2)NI1x69(%)5+#2Y$"#2,-9%g,IG
"!$(k(*4=>#25+,-$?@(*A‡
{# {F k(%Ž"#2?<NP+#&,-B,PGj+!9(XYM,-%#2+#&,-B,IGmN5+,-Ki,IU
ŠgY95,=7#269(%gNI%
Š<)NI #24"(SI5"NP+( ?{2{FN{}GH5+,-? Y95,]$#2?@#de %+(*9%+,-5%NI96 #2%J+!9(5(*GH,-5(rNIK912(R+,}(]>Y912,-#2
NI5K9#2+5"NI5Že<SI(,-?J(*+5+#&)LGH(NP"8$5+(% h,IG["!$(k(*4=>#25+,-$?@(*AU
ˆW!9(b,IKA=7#2,-89%L69#2%"NI6>=INPA"NIS-(~,IG…YM,I%+#2+#&,-qY95+,IKZNIK9#21&#2e'S-5+#269%h,_=-(*5h"!$(",-Yi,-12,-S-#&)NI1cNIY9Y$5+,4NI)D!$(%L#2%
"!$(L%+#2O(h,PGº"!9(3%DN`"(L%YZNI)( • +!ZNPT!9NI%/+,bKM(3?<NP#&4DNI#29(6x2U %+Yi()*#
NI1212e./,b"()D!$9#&FA89(*%W?<NI6$(h#2
Yi,-%+%#&K912(L",( lJ)#2(4"1deB69(NI1Q.0#2+!+!9(X5+(*%+891d"#&$SJ!A89SI(k%ŽDNP+(X%+YZNI)*(I‡
{-U0ˆW!9( {- ( x w0,IGgY95,]$#2?@#de %+($%+,-5%@NP1&1&,_.0%k",r5+("5#&(*=I('"!9(BY$5+,-KZNPK9#&12#2
e qh“ s~,IG
%(9%,-53?J(NP%+895(?J(4"%0K4eB.n,J%+8$K9%+(*F78$(4h"NIK91&(12,>,I\78$Y9%U
z>U0ˆW!9( ! w@#F 2{F g%+)D!$(?J(3)*,-9)(*4"5"N`"(%†"!9(0)*,-?@Y$8$DNP+#&,-,I@12#&\I(*12e~%"NP"(*%/,-$12e.0!$#&1&(
%Ž"#&121x\P((Y$#&9S"!9(kNIK$#&1&#de<,PGj+!9(kNIY9Y95,4NI)D!",5+(*),_=-(*5gGH5,-? 1&,7)NP1&#&ONP"#2,-GµNI#&12895+(*%U
yE#2+!"!9(*%+(†,-Y$"#2?@#2ONP+#&,-$%aYi,-%#2"#2,-Y95,-KZNIK9#21&#dehS-5#&69%cNP5+(…NIK912(p",01&,7)NP1&#&O*(pN05+,-Ki,IQGH5,-? %)5"N`")D!
NI96",( l@)*#&(*A+12e'+5"NI)D\<#2"%WYi,-%#2"#2,-NI%0#2T?@,_=-(*%hNP5+,-89$6QU
ˆW!9(@+(%Ž(*A=7#25+,-9?J(4+%~Y95(%(4"(*6 #&"!9#2%k)D!9NIY$"(*55+NI#&%(6.TNI55"NI4+%~GH,-5GH895Ž"!9(*5~#2?@Y95,_=-(‰
?J(4"%X,IG†,-895#2?@Y$1&(?J(4"NP"#2,-:,IGT^:NI5\I,_=1&,7)NP1&#&ONP"#2,-QUr"!$(J%89K9%(FA89(4)D!ZNIY$+(5+%X./(.0#21&1
§9°Ž¨¹©Š¯­¦[«ª¬¦¯­¦p§¢¦²f«­¹©ª¦¯ /¹`¯H«c³I¦…·_¦Ž«­¦°v«ª²³´›¦p³ — «ª¬¦¼©ª¨ !_"® T®›« — ¯µ¦±`¯µ¨*©ª¯ ½
y * | ‹‚
IN 696$5+(%%3+!9(kGH,I1&1&,_.0#29SbFA89(%Ž"#2,-9%UT€m#&5%aZ!$,. )NIR.n(~NP+"NI#&R5+,IK989%gYi,-%+#d"#2,-(%+#&?@NP"#2,-B(*=I(
#&R6$e7ZNI?J#&)X(*A=7#25+,-9?J(4+%}t3(*5+(Pai+!9(~6>e>9NI?@#2)%g)NIq5+(*%+891d3GH5,-? 5+(*),->oZS-895+NP"#2,-:,IGj"!9(kGH895Ž‰
9#d"895(q#2;+!9(:(*A=7#25+,-9?J(4@,-5GH5+,-? Yi(,-Y$1&(R%+8955+,-89$69#&9S "!9(q5+,-Ki,IUEV>()*,-96Qa0!9,_.|)NIC./(
69(*%+#&SI N12,>)NI1&#2ONP+#&,- Y95,>)*(69895(Ia†.0!9#&)D!;NI121&,_.0%N?J,-K9#&12(<5,-KM,Pb",( lJ)*#&(4+12e}12,>)NI1&#2O(J#2+%+(1dG
GH5+,I? %)5"N`")D! .0#2+!9,-8$b+!9(B9(*(6 ,IGgN!A89?@NI %+89Yi(5Ž=7#&%+,I5 lh96 oZ9NI1&1de ./('.nNI4",NI696$5+(%%
"!$(hY95,-K91&(*? ,IGº!9,_.E",~8$"#21&#2O(W,-895/1&,7)NI12#&ONP"#2,-"(*)D!99#2F78$(L#&@,-5+69(*5/+,bNI)D!9#2(*=I(L%"NPGH(3ZN=7#&S4NP+#&,-
(*=I(q#&B"!9(XY95(%(9)*(,IGj,-K9%ŽDNI)*1&(%W.0!9#2)D!q)NI99,P3Ki(69("()"(*6K4e'"!9(X5,-KM,Pn m %g%(9%,-5+%*U
"!
# %$ & ('*) ,+ '
-/.103254765894;:=<?>A@5BDCE2GFA6H0I4J8LKM47<?.N0I89>HO5@PCJ4JO16Q>RB9<S03<?>R.T6583>AUGFAU5<SV?<S0/W(XR83<SO5BYFZBDFA.[<S\]6PV?4J\^4J.N0IFZ0I<S>R._>A`
a1FA89bA>%:cV?>=CdFAVS<?eJFZ0I<S>R.gJf wY:R4;8h03254]V?FAB90iWA4dFA89BJj 0325<?BhFA656P83>NFACE22GFABhUQ4;4J.B325>%Kk.l03>1Um4]89>RU5@5Bn07<S.
O5< o4;834J.N0pbq<?.5O5Bp>A`4;.q:=<S83>R.5\^4J.N03BJ3f wDCJCdFZB3<?>A.GFAVrCE2GFA.5XA4JBY>Z`*0I254s4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0YB9@5CE2tFABL>R6m4J.54;O CJVS>RB34;O[O5>=>R83BL>R8L6Q4;>R65VS4hKMFAV?bq<S.5X]UNWTXR4;.54J83FAV?VuW,O5>v.5>Z0DF Q4JCw0p0325476m4J8n`x>R83\]FA.5C;4s>Z`*0I254s6Q>AB3<S03<?>R.
4JBn0I<S\vFZ03<?>R.o<f tL>yKz4;:A4J8;j<S0i0/W=65<?CJFAV?VuW1`{FA<SV?BD0I>|V?>=CdFAVS<?e;4}F|89>RUQ>Z0s<u`M03>H>,\]FA.NWcFAB36m4JCw0IB7>Z`~0I254^4J7. ‰
:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0iFA894.5>A0iC;>y:A4J894JOcUqW|0I254Kz>R89V?O€\^>HO54;VXf ˆ‚25<SBD<?BY03254}CdFZB34Ajg`x>A8D4 ]PFA\^65V?4Zjg<?.€OP4J.5B94JVSW
CJ89>%KkO54JO]4J.N:=<?83>A.5\]4;.N0IBƒB3@5CE2vFAB*0I2P4 &) !#"$# % O!( * x-,$,vO5@P83<?.PXi03254‚0I>R@PŽ8 ‰/XA@5<?O54M6583(> —94;C;0Jj
Kk254;834„0I254„89>RUm>A0‚<?B‚.5FZ0I@583FAV?VuW]FACJC;>R\]65FA.5<?4;O_UNW_CJ89>yKkOPBL>Z`6m4J>A65V?4 qxB34Jk4 € <SXR@5894 ‹ df {‹swpf ˆ‚2P4hB3FA\^4
6589>RU5V?4;\CdFZ.1Um4sCJFA@5B34;O[<?.T,> l^CJ4h4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0I*B ‡~-…`F^\v>F —9>R8‚6GFA8n0Y>A`0I254i`[email protected]<S03@5834„Kk<S0325<?.,0I2P4
4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0‚2GFZB‚UQ4;4J._\^>y:A4JOgjH0I254„89>RUQ>Z0~\^<?XR2N0zV?>RB94Y0I83FACEb]>Z`<u0IBzV?>=CdFZ03<?>R.]<S`†0I2P4YKM>A83V?O_\^>=O54JV
<?B‚.P>A0L@56QO5FZ0I4;O1FAC;CJ>R89O5<?.PX‡03>}0I254;B34hCE2GFA.5XR4;BJf
RHINO
*,+'-*. /21 ,1n1 IPJLNMHO : 2Q ==;RQ#827& G6 5 . :.0B<;>=”:.8tBC27:9
* .-
;8=>@?8A#BH;C?LD = ? ;8=HGJILKNMOM#1
’
$e!
#"
%h &(1n"yv
J1
_
/- .XA4J.54;8IFAV jg>R.54‡CdFZ.t`x>AV?V?>%K 0/Kz>|bq<S.5O5Bi>A`zFA656589>NFACE254;Bi<?.t>R83OP4J8D0I>,O54JFAV Kk<u0I2€0I254}6P83>RU5VS4J\
>A`z6Q>AB3<S03<?>R.€4;B903<?\]FZ0I<S>R.€<?.tOPW=.GFA\^<?C}4;.N:H<S83>R.P\]4;.q03BJfJ€ <S83B90Jjr>R.54‡CdFA.cCJ>A.q03<?.q@5>R@PB3VSW[@56QO5FZ0I4}0I2P4
\^>HO54;V>A`M03254‡4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0FZCJCJ>A83O5<S.5XT03>T03254‡OPW=.GFA\^<?C;BJf=4JCJ>A.5Ogj >A.54‡CdFA.834JVuW€>R.FT65FA8903< FAV
B90IFZ0I<SCi\]>=O54JVgFA.5qO o5VS0I4;8‚>R@P0pOGFZ0IF‡CJFA@5B94JO[UNW,OPW=.GFA\^<?Ci4 o4;C;0IB;Pf kp.H`x>[email protected]<S0k<SBLf4 ]=0I834;\]4;VSW
O5< l]C;@5VS0JjA<u`G.5>A0 4;:R4;.}<?\^6Q>AB3B3<SU5V?4Zj 03>Y@56mOGFZ034‚FpXAV?>RUGFZVqKz>R89V?O\^>HOP4JVqB3>Y032GFZ0 <S0CJ>R.5B9<?Bn0I4J.N03VSWsbA4J4;65B
0I83FACEb„>A` FZV?VRCE2GFZ.5XR4JB<?.i0I254 4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0djf ˆ>pFd:R>R<SOs03254z6P83>RU5VS4J\ >Z`GB3<S\@5VS0IFA.54;>R@5B†\]FA6sUP@5<?VSO5<?.5X
FA.5O_VS>HCJFAV?<SedFZ03<?>R.‡Kz4D`x>RV?VS>yK 0I254„B94JCJ>A.5O1FZ656583>RFACE2(0I>}VS>HCJFAV?<SeJ4pF\]>RUP<?V?4L83>AUQ>A0~4;:R4;.,@5.5O54;8‚B3@5CE2
O5< l]C;@5VS0DCJ<?89CJ@5\^B90IFA.5C;4JBJf7-/.5B9034dFAOc>A`zCJ>R.N0I<S.q@5>R@5B9VSW[@P6QOGF 0I<?.PX(0I254}Kz>R83VSO€\]>=O54JV jg>R@58iFZ656583>RFACE2
834;V?<S4JB >R.}FY\^>HOP4JVNKk25<?CE27834J6P834JB94J.N0IB>A.5VSWi0I2P4MB90IFZ0I<SC~FAB96Q4;C;03B*>A`503254M4;.q:=<S83>R.5\^4J.N0ƒFZ.5O7Kz4M4 ]=034J.5O
0I2P4pUGFZB3<?Cpa1FZ83bA>%:^V?>=CdFZV?<?eJFZ0I<S>R.7B9CE254J\^4YUNW w ,#u‡B94J.5B9>R8MOGF 0EFPjf ˆ‚254JB934 oGVu0I4J89BMFZ834kO54JB9<?XR.P4JO]03>
4JVS<?\^<?.GF 0I4z03254LOGFA\]FAXR<?.PX„4 Q4JC;0z>A`QB34;.5B3>R8zOGFZ0IFhC;>R8389@56P0I4;O]UNW^4 ]=034J83.5FAV q{@5.5\^>=O54JVS4J
O s OPW=.GFZ\]<SCJBJf
-/. 0325<?B‡CE2GFZ6P0I4;8^Kz4|6P83>R6m>RB34|FA.5O CJ>A\]6GFZ834_0I25894J4TB3@5CE2 oGVS034J83B;Cf ˆ‚254 oG89B9J0 oGVS034J8‡<?B‡FcXR4J.54;8IFAV
\^4;0I2P>HO€`x>Rh8 o5VS0I4;83<S.5X_B34;.5B3>R8hOGFZ0IF(<?.tOPW=.GFA\^<?C}4;.N:H<S83>R.P\]4;.q03BJf}-…0iB94JV?4;C;03Bs>R.PVSWT0I25>RB94‡834dFZO5<?.5XAB
0I25FZ0‚<?.PCJ834JFAB34D03254„83>AUQ>A0 m B‚C;4J8n0EFA<S.q0/WAjPKk25<SCE2T<SB~\^4dFAB9@5834;OTUNW(03254„4J.N0383>R6NW_>A`r03254„UQ4;V?<S4;h` ‘t’>“”q–•Js f
ˆ‚254k>A03254J80/Kzk> oGVu0I4;83B FA834‚4;B36m4JC;< FAVSVSWOP4JB3<SXR.54;O^`x>R86P83> ]H<?\^<S0/WsB34J.PB3>R89BJjHFAB0I254wW‡FZ03034J\^6P00I> oGVu0I4;8
B3@PCE2 834JFAO5<?.PXRB}Kk25<?CE2 Kk<u0I2 25<?XA2 6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<u0/W"FZ834TCdFA@5B94JO UNW >RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4;_B zwyx! ,#ul0I2P4|>RU —94JC;03B
834;65834;B34;.q034JO[<S._0I254i\^>HO54;Vg>A` 0I254i4;.q:=<S83>R.5\^4J.N0Jf
-/.1FZ._4 ]H6Q4;83<S\]4;.q0IFAVgBn0I@5OPWAj >R@58~f4 ]H034J.5OP4JO€a|FA83bZ>y:,VS>HCJFAV?<SedFZ03<?>R.^<?BMCJ>R\^6GFA894JO_0I>03254i65@5834;VSW
a1FA89bA>%:=< FA.<?\^65V?4;\]4;.N0EFZ03<?>R.€>A`M6Q>AB3<S03<?>R.t6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<u0/W1XA83<?OPBh<S.N0I83>=O5@5C;4JO<?. “M2GFA6P034J8 z=<f ˆ‚254;B34
4 ]H6m4J89<?\^4J.N0IB}FZ834^CJ>R.5OP@5C;034JO @5B3<S.5X1O5FZ0EF1XRFZ0I254;834;O"<?.l03254 &) !#"$# %'!)( * x-,$,Gf ˆ‚254;B34
OGFZ0IFsFZ834pFA.v<SO54dFAV5034JBn0MUm4JO^`x>R8ƒV?>=CdFAVS<?edF 0I<?>A.<?.^OPW=.GFA\^<?Ck4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0IB;jPFZB 03254p89>RUm>A0 >A` 0I4;.]KMFAB
B3@P8383>[email protected];O_UqW]O5>Re;4J.5B‚>Z`†6Q4;>R65VS4pKk25<SCE2(CJVS>RB34;VSW‡`x>RV?VS>%KM4;Ov<S0MFA89>[email protected];UNW(U5VS>HCEbq<?.PX7\^>RB90z>A`
<S03B‚B34;.5B3>R89BL`x>A8‚4 ]=0I4;.5B3<u:R476m4J89<?>=O5B‚>A` 0I<S\]4Zf
ˆ‚254^834J\]FA<S.5O54J8Y>A`z0325<?B„CE25FA6P0I4;8s<SB„>R83XRFA.5<?e;4JOcFABD`x>RVSV?>%KkBJf7-/.c03254‡.54 ]=0sB34JCw0I<S>R.€KM4^O5<?B9CJ@5B9B
834;V FZ034JO KM>A83b FA.5O 0I254;. FA.GFZVSW=eJ4,0I254,:=<?>RV?FZ0I4;O <?.5O54;6Q4;.5O54;.5CJ4€FZB3B3@P\]6P03<?>R. \]FAO54,UNW a|FA83bZ>y:
V?>=CdFZV?<?eJFZ0I<S>R.€<?.OPW=.GFA\^<?C^4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0IB;
f H4;C;03<?>R. ‹ ›f ’1FA.5O ‹ ƒf ”T<S.N0I83>=O5@5C;4]03254vO5< o4;834;.q~0 oGVS034J89B
`x>R8^O54;034JCw0I<?.PXCJ>R8983@56P034JO B94J.5B9>R8_\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.q03BJf ˆ‚254€FAOP:ZFA.N0IFAXR41>Z`i>R@5@8 o5VS0I4;8^034JCE25.P< q@54[<SB
:ZFAV?<SOGFZ034JOT4 ]H6Q4;83<S\]4;.q0IFAV?VuW,<?
. H4JCw0I<?>A. ‹ f Œ Lf € <S.GFAVSVSWv03254O5< o4;834;.q0DFAB36m4JCw0IBD>Z`ƒ>R@58pFA656589>NFACE2tFA894
O5<SB3CJ@PB3B34;O1<S. =4JC;03<?>R. ‹ ƒf ‚Hf
#
s' „+ ^) ˆ‚254k6589>RU5V?4;\ >A`Q\^>RU5<?VS4M89>RUQ>Z0ƒV?>=CdFAVS<?edF 0I<?>A.s<S.^4;.N:H<S83>R.P\]4;.q03BKk254J894YF„\]‹F —9>R8*6GFZ890ƒ>A`m0I254kB94J.5B9>R8
\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.q03Br<?BgC;>R8389@56P0I4;OsOP@54*0I>kCE2GFA.PXR4JBr<?.D032544J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0 2GFABg`x>[email protected]„:R4J8nW„V?<u0303V?4*F 030I4;.N0I<?>A.
<?.(03254„V?<u0I4;8IFZ03@5834Zf D.54iFA656P83>NFACE2_03>}O54dFAVQKk<S0I2_B9@5CE2TB3<S03@GFZ03<?>R.5BMCJ>R@5VSO_UQ4D03>‡FAOGFA6H0~0I254„bq<S.5O_>A`
B34;.5B3>A83BM03>s0I2P4YO5<[email protected] 4Zf XPf=CJFA\^4J8IFZBz6m>R<?.N034JO]03>%K~FA89O5BM03254YC;4J<?VS<?.5XhFABzFA656PV?<?4;Ov<S.
0 D + 5 CdFA.P.5>A0z6Q4;83CJ4;<S:A4Y\^>RB90 >A`Q0I254LCE2GFA.5XA4JBz032GFZ0 >=CJCJ@P8z<S.^0/W=65<SCdFAVG,> l^C;4Y4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0IB;jPFZ.5O
0I2P4J834w`x>R834^\]FAbA4^[email protected]< q@54;BFA656PV?<?CJFAU5VS4}4;:R4;."<?.t4;.q:=<S83>R.5\^4J.N03Bs0I25FZ0sFA656m4dFA8i.5>A03>R83<S>R@5B9VSW
OPW=.GFA\^<?CZ!f L>yKz4;:A4J8;jHB9@5CE2^034JCE25.P< q@54JB O54;6Q4;.5O]>A.}25<?XR2PVSWsB90I89@5C;03@5834;O]C;4J<SV?<?.PXRB <S.}>R83O54;8*0I>„4;.GFAU5VS4
y&("y F #" AF C;CJ@583FZ0I4i6m>RB3<u0I<?>A._4JB903<?\]FZ0I<S>R.gf
.5>Z0I254;87834;\]4;OPWc0I>|0325<?Bh6589>RU5V?4;\ KM>R@PV?OlUm4]03>1U589>NFAO54;.l0I2P4vB90IFZ0I4]4JBn0I<?\]FZ03<?>R.t0I>|B3<?\7@5V
0EFZ.54J>R@PB3VSW[4JB903<?\]FZ0I4}03254]6m>RB9<S0I<S>R.€>A`z0I254^83>RUm>A0hFA.POc03254]Bn0EFZ034]>Z`M0I2P4‡Kz>R89V?Ogf 656589>NFACE254;Bh`x>A8
CJ>A.5CJ@589834;.q0ƒ\]FA6UP@5<?VSO5<?.5XpFA.5O}6m>RB9<S0I<S>R.h4JB903<?\]FZ0I<S>R.FZB 6589>R6Q>AB34JO‡<S. 0 a +)3 H+ o43 + U45j
@5.P`x>[email protected];VSWAjA834 q@5<?894M0I>=>Y\@PCE2}CJ>R\^65@P0IFZ0I<S>R.GFAVN894JB3>A@583C;4~0I>YUm4‚FA6P65V?<S4JO7>A.5V?<S.54AfG@58903254J89\]>A834Aj
0I2P4JB34sFA656P83>NFACE2P4JBL>R.5VSW]B34;4J\03>]Um4iFA6565VS<?CJFAU5V?4p`x>R8‚\vFZ6565<?.PX‡FAB36m4JCw0IBk>A` 0I254i4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0k0I2GF 0
O5>‡.5>A0kCE25FA.5XR4„:R4;89W_`x894 [email protected]_B9@5CE2[FAB‚4Zf XPf5K~FAVSV?B;j5O5>=>R83B;j5>R8~`[email protected]<S03@5834Zf „UN:=<?>A@5B3VuWRj5C;83>%KkO5Bk>A`
2q@5\]FA.5BkB3@58983>[email protected]<?.PX‡03254i83>RUm>A0kO5>^.5>A0‚`{FZV?Vo<S.N0I>}0I25<SB‚CdFZ034JXR>A89W_>A` >RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4JB;f
zFA\]FA@5CE25<L4;0(FAVfƒ4JBn0I<S\vFZ034|0325416m>RB3<u0I<S>R. >Z`hF\^>RU5<?VS4,83>RUm>A0]UGFAB34;O >R. B9>R.GFA8]B34J.PB3>R89B_UqW
\]FZ0ICE25<S.5X€F[VS>HCJFAVƒ\vFA6 FZXNFA<?.PB906P834;:=<S>R@5B3VuWlBn0I>R894JO4w:H<SO54J.PCJ4,XR83<SO5B7>Z`pOP"< Q4J834;.N0}65V FZCJ4JB7<?."0I2P4
4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N<0 0 zFZ\ +)3 rFA8 5f ‚254k6Q>AB3<S03<?>R.W=<S4JV?OP<?.5XY03254kUQ4;B90 \]FZ0ICE2‡<?B@PB34JO]FAB0I2P4L4;B903<?\]FZ0I4;O
V?>=CdF 0I<?>A.>A`p03254T83>RUm>A0df 25<SV?4(0325<?B^FA656P83>NFACE2 CdFZ. O54JFAV‚Kk<S032 B9<S0I@5FZ0I<S>R.5B<S. Kk25<SCE2 `[email protected]<u0I@5894
2GFAB7UQ4;4J. q{894 sn\^>y:A4JO<S."FA.,> l^C;4(4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0dj*<u0894J\]FA<[email protected];V?4JFA8sKk254w0I254;8}<S07CdFA."25FA.5O5VS4
B3<u0I@GF 0I<?>A.5B~<?._Kk25<SCE21F‡\]‹F —9>R8~6GFZ890L>A` 0I254i83>AUQ>A0 m B‚B9@58389>[email protected]<?.5X^CE2GFA.5XA4JBJf
-/. 0 . 4D†+ o 5:.„@P0I\]FA.5. 4;0vFAV fCJ>R\^6GFA894JO Fc65894;:=<?>A@5B^:A4J89B3<?>A. >A`„>A@58‡4 ]=0I4;.5O54JO a|FA83bZ>y:
V?>=CdFZV?<?eJFZ0I<S>R.]034JCE25.P< q@54i0I>}0I254hFA6P6583>NFZCE2|<S.q0383>=O5@5C;4JOT<?. 0 va + 5 f ‚25<SBLFA656589>NFACE2T@5B34;B DiFAVS\vFA.
Vu0I4J89B(0I>\]FZ0ICE2 B9CdFA.5B,>A`sV FZB34J8v8IFA.5XA4 .5O54J89B,<?.N0I> F65894;:=<?>R@PB3VSW U5@5<SVS0(\]FA6g
f <?89B90_894JB9@5VS03B
XR4;.54J83FZ0I4;O Kk<S0I2 OGFZ0EFc`x83>R\ >R@58]\@5B34;@5\ 0I>R@58 /XR@P<?O54|6583(> —94;C;0_B925>%K 0I2GFZ0v0I254;<?8]034JCE25.P< q@54[<SB
83>AU5@5B90pFAXRFA<?.5Bn0kOPW=.GFA\^<?C;BkKk<u0I25<S._0I254i4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0pUqW VS0I4;83<S.5XKk25>RVS4hB9CdFA.PBpUm4;`x>R894i\vFZ03CE25<?.PX
0I2P4J\ <?.N0I>^0I2547Kz>R89V?O[\^>HOP4JVf L>yKz4;:A4J8;jg0I25<SBDFA656P83>NFACE21O5>H4;BD.5>A0Y2GFd:R4703254}FAUP<?V?<u0/W(0I>vXRV?>RU5FAV?VuW
q{894 snV?>=CdFZV?<?e;4DF}\^>RU5<?VS4Y89>RUQ>Z0k<?.TFA\U5<SXR@5>R@PB‚4J.N:=<?83>A.5\]4;.N0IBJf
# E# h'
& €
+ "! €
+ #%$&$ (' !1'
-/.]0325<?BƒB94JC;03<?>R.^KM4pO5<?B9CJ@5B9Bz03254p894dFAB9>R.]Kk2NWva1FA89bA>%:^V?>=CdFAVS<?eJFZ0I<S>R.7`{FA<SV?B 03>74JBn0I<S\vFZ034‚0I254L6Q>AB3<S03<?>R.
>A`HF‚83>RUm>A0†<S.„4 ]=0I894J\^4JVuWDOPW=.GFA\^<?C 4J.N:=<?83>A.5\]4;.N0IBJf ‚254ƒFAB9B3@5\^6P0I<S>R.„>A`H<?.5OP4J6m4J.5O54;.5CJ4ƒ>A`=6m4J89CJ4J6H0IB
FABkO54;B3CJ89<?Um4JOT<?. f q*)H+f ) sM<?B‚.54;CJ4;B3BIFZ89W,`x>R8~0I2P4hC;>R83894JCw0pOP4J83<u:ZFZ0I<S>R._>A` 0I254sa1FA89bA>%:,V?>=CdFZV?<?eJFZ0I<S>R.
FAVSXR>R83<u0I25\65834;B34J.N034JO^<?. H4;C;03<?>R,. )Hf +f )Hf ‚25<?BFZB3B3@P\]6P03<?>R.7B90EF 0I4JB*032GFZ00I254~B94J.5B9>R8\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.q03B
>RU5B94J8n:R4JO‡F 003<?\^4 -rB9>RV?4;VSW„OP4J6m4J.5O}>R.h0I254zCJ>R89834;B36m>R.5O5<S.5XYBn0EFZ03e4 •&. >A`503254ƒKM>R89V?Ogf-/.7>A03254J8 KM>A83O5B D„.5>%KkV?4;O5XR4FZUQ>R@H0p0325476m4J89CJ4J6H0IB„FA.PO€FAC;03<?>R.PBp0I25FZ0Y>=CJC;@583894JO[6P83<?>A8L03/
> -k6589>y:=<SO547.5>(FAO5O5<u0I<?>A.GFAV
<?.H`x>R83\]FZ0I<S>R.,FAUm>R@P0L0I254s6Q4;83C;4J6P03B„FZ0L0I<?\^04 - 1f ‚2P<?BDFZB3B3@P\]6P03<?>R.|<?BL>R.5VuW —9@5B903< 4;O1<S`FAV?V†894JV?4w:ZFA.N0
FAB96Q4;C;0IBM>A`†0I254pKM>R89V?O_FZ834Y\^>=O54JVS4JOv<S.v0I2P4YB90IFZ0I4p:AFZ83< FZU5V?b4 •‚jHKk25<SCE2v0/W=65<?CJFAV?VuW‡>R.5VSW^C;>R.N0EFA<S.5BM0I2P4
6m>RB3<u0I<?>A.1>A`0325483>AUQ>A0JfD-/.[0I2P4}CdFAB94>A`ƒV?>=CdFZV?<?eJFZ0I<S>R.,<?.[OP4J.5B94JVSW16Q>A65@5V F 0I4JO14J.N:=<?83>A.5\]4;.N0IBJjQ0I25<SB
FAB9B3@5\^6P0I<S>R.,<?B‚C;V?4dFZ83VSW]:=<?>RV?FZ0I4;O(Kk254J.|@5B3<S.5X^F‡Bn0EFZ03<?C„\^>HOP4JVg>A` 0I2P4iKz>R89V?Ogf
>_<SV?VS@5B9038IFZ034i0325<?Bp6Q>A<?.N0d2
j <?XR@P8344 3P5f )q{2F sLB925>%KkBiFA.[f4 ]5FZ\]65VS47B9<S0I@5FZ0I<S>R.|Kk254;834 6 p-7 2GFZB
Um4J4J. 6583‹> —94JC;034JO <?.N0I>€0I2P4T\]FA6 >A`Y>R@58‡O54J65FA8903\]4;.q0]FZ0‡<u0IB‡CJ>A83834;C;0^6m>RB3<u0I<?>A.g8f ‚254TV?<?.P4JB}<?.PO5< CdF 0I4‚0I254kC;@583894J.N0M6P83> ]H<?\^<S0/W\^4dFZB3@5894J\^4J.N0IB >RUP0IFA<?.54;O}`x83>R\0I254L83>RUm>A0 m B*0/Kz>7V?FAB34;98 /83FA.5XR4 .5O54J89B
q{\]`F ]H<?\]FAVg83FA.5XR4s\]4JFAB3@P834J\^4J.N03BDFA894s>R\^<S090I4;
O swf‚-/.10325<?BLB3<u0I@GF 0I<?>A.gj50I254s<?.5OP4J6m4J.5O54;.5CJ4FAB3B9@5\]:6 0I<S>R.^25>RV?OPBƒ`x>A8 03254p<S.5O5<u:H<SO5@GFAVP834dFZO5<?.5XAB *4JFACE2(\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.q0z>A`Q0I254pB34J.PB3>R8zB3CdFZ.vB3>AV?4JVuW}O54;6Q4;.5O5B
)
$e!
#"
%h &(1n"yv
J1
_
>R. 03254[6m>RB3<u0I<?>A. >A`i03254[83>AUQ>A0]Kk<S0325<?. 0I254[\]FA6gf Di.P>yKkVS4JO5XA4€FAUm>R@P0v03254[>A03254J8v>R8v65894;:=<?>A@5B
834JFAO5<S.5XRB‚6589>y:=<SO54JBL.5>^FAO5O5<u0I<S>R.GFAVQ<?.P`x>R89\vF 0I<?>A.]0I>‡65894JO5<SC;0k0I2P<?B‚CJ4;890IFA<?.,\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.q0Jf
*,+'-
* .-
* -
*-
<SX5f3Pf+)Hf H<u0I@GF 0I<?>A.5BJjH<?.(Kk25<SCE2T03254ha1FA89bA>%:,<?.5OP4J6m4J.5O54;.5CJ4sFAB9B3@5\^6P0I<S>R. q F sM25>RV?OPB‚>R8 q{Ugj CAj O
sM<SB
:=<?>RV?FZ0I4;Ogf
<?XA@5831
4 3P+f ) q{
U s q{O sXA<S:R4kB9<S0I@5FZ0I<S>R.5B<?.‡Kk25<SCE2]0I2P4LB94J.5B9>R8MB9CdFA.]<?BC;>R8389@56P0I4;OvUNW‡>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4;Bz.5>Z0
834;65834;B34;.q034JO<S.h03254KM>A83V?Oh\^>HO54;V o03254ƒO5"< Q4J894J.N0 B32GFZO5<?.5XL>A`=0I254 \^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.q03B<S.5O5<SCdFZ034JBg0I2P4ƒ0/Kz>
CJV?FAB3B94JB‚0I2P4;W(Um4JVS>R.5X03> *0I254„UPV FACEb‡:ZFAV?@54;B‚CJ>R89834;B36m>R.5O_0I>‡B90IFZ0I<SCD>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4;B~0I2GFZ0‚FA834„6GFZ890‚>A` 0I2P4
\]FA6gjqKk254J894dFABk>A03254J89B‚FA834YCdFA@5B94JO,UNW(2q@5\]FA.5B‚FZ.5O(0I2q@5B~:=<?>AV FZ034L03254ha1FA89bA>%:_FAB9B3@5\^6P03<?>R.gf ‚254
6589_> ]H<S\]<u0/W>A`o6Q4;>R65V?4k@5B9@GFAVSVSW<S.5CJ894dFAB94JBƒ0I254L83>AUQ>A0 m BƒUm4JVS<?4;`Q>A`oUQ4;<?.5XiCJVS>RB34‚03>s\^>HOP4JV?4;O‡>RU5B90IFACJVS4JB;j
Kk25<SCE2€2GFABD0I2P44 Q4JCw0„0I2GFZ0Y0I25489>RUm>A0 q@5<SCEb=VuW[VS>RB34;BY0I83FACEb1>A`ƒ<u0IBp6Q>RB9<S03<?>R.1Kk2P4J.t834;VSW=<?.5Xv>R. {,w}w
B34;.5B3>A8p\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.N0IBJf
>}894J4;B90EFZU5V?<SB32(0I2P4D<?.5OP4J6m4J.5O54;.5CJ4„>Z`6m4J89CJ4;6P0IB~Kz4„CJ>R@PV?Ov0389W^0I>}<?.PCJV?@PO54p03254D6m>RB3<u0I<?>A.v>A`r0I2P4
83>AUQ>A0 {F, „032546Q>AB3<S03<?>R.Y>A`=6Q4;>R65V?4<S.N0I>~0I2P4B90EF 0I4*:ZFA83<?FAU5VS@4 •‚@f kL.P`x>[email protected] C;>R\^65@P0EF 0I<?>A.GFAV
CJ>A\]65VS4 ]H<S0/W[>A`~Bn0EFZ034]4;B90I<S\vF 0I<?>A.c<S.5CJ894dFAB94JBh4 ]H6m>R.54J.N03< FAVSVSW€<S.c03254].q@5\7UQ4;8s>A`MO54J6m4J.PO54J.N0}Bn0EFZ034
:ZFA83<?FAU5VS4JBp03>(Um44JBn0I<?\]FZ034JOgf D@58„FZ656583>RFACE2€0I>(B9>RVS:A470I254}6P83>RU5VS4J\ >A`ƒ.5>R:. /\^>HO54;V?4;O€FAB36m4JCw0IB„<S.
0I2P4h4;.N:H<S83>R.P\]4;.q0L<SB~0I>^O54;:A4JV?>A6 Vu0I4;83B~Kk25<SCE21B34;V?4;C;0k0I25>AB34i834JFAO5<?.PXRBk>A`*F}C;>R\]6PV?4;034„B3CJFA.TKk2P<?CE2
Kk<S032l25<SXR2cV?<?bZ4JVS<?25>=>HOcFA894 ,*x-iO5@P4]0I>|B90IFZ0I<SC^>AU5B90IFACJVS4JB7<S.03254]\]FA6c0I2q@5B7\]FAbq<?.PXT03254vBnWHBn0I4;\
\^>R834k83>AU5@5B90MFAXNFZ<?.5Bn0ƒB3@5CE2(bq<S.5O]>Z`g.5>R<SB34Zf*-…0MB925>R@5VSO]Um4L.5>A0I4;O]032GFZ0ƒKM4kKk<?VSV5<?.N0383>=O5@5CJ4L>R.54 Vu0I4;8
Kk25<SCE2|<SB‚CJV?>AB34JVuW(894JV F 0I4JO,0I>}03254i6583>RUPV?4J\ >A`4JB903<?\]FZ0I<S.5X0I2P4h6m>RB9<S0I<S>R.(>A` 6Q4;>R65VS4Af
#
(') ,! ;!' „)
‚254 89B90 VS0I4;8@5B94JO <?.">A@58<?\^65VS4J\^4J.N0EFZ03<?>R.c<?BsCdFAVSV?4;O ,$ x ~ w [FA.PO"KM>R89bqB‡FAB7`x>RVSV?>%KkBJf
‚254 ,$ x ~
q–•JsM>A` F^Um4JVS<?4w`>%:A4J
8 • <?B‚OP4 .54;O1UNW
q •Js
š
‘t’>“”q–•
“ s‡V?>RX ‘t’>“”q •
“s
q 3Pf s
.N0I83>A6qWl<?B}F[\^4dFZB3@5894(>A`[email protected];4J890IFA<?.N0/W"FAUQ>A@P0703254_>R@P03CJ>R\^4(>A`LF[83FA.5O5>R\ :ZFA83<?FAU5VS_4 q 0 E+ 5 swf
‚254_V?FA83XR4;8h03254(4;.q0383>R6NWl>A`k0I254(Bn0EFZ034(4JBn0I<S\vFZ03<?>R.oj0I2P4(25<?XA254J8h0I254(89>RUm>An0 m B@5.5C;4J8n0EFA<S.q0/WlFAB703>
Kk254;834„<S0M<?B;&f ‚254 ,$ |x ~ w 7\^4dFZB3@5894JBM03254D834;V FZ03<S:A4YCE2GFA.PXR4„>A`r4J.N0383>R6NW(@P6Q>R._<S.5CJ>A836m>R8IFZ03<?.5X
F7B94J.5B9>R8~834JFAO5<S.5X<?.N03>70I254pUQ4;V?<S4;` ‘t’>“”q •s fza|>R834pB36m4JC;< CJFAV?VuWRj=V?4;0 DO54J.5>Z0I4Y03254D\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.q0M>A`
3
& " yJy (F B34;.5B3>A8 q{<?.€>A@58DCdFZB34‡F(B3<S.5XRVS478IFZ.5XR4}\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.q0|swf0‚254‡CE2GFA.PXR4}>A`ƒ0I254
XR<u:R4J. h<SB‚O54 .54JO1FAB
T>A`‘t’>“”q–•Js
q • ‹s q •Js š
q–• (s
q 3P5f ),s
q • ‹sp<?BD03254}4J.N0I89>R6NWt>A`ƒ0I254}Um4JVS<?4w`e‘ ’>“?q • ‹sYO54 .P4JOcUqW10I254^a1FZ83bA>%:€@P6QOGF 0I4‡4 q@GFZ03<?>R.PB
f*q*)Hf sFA.5O mfq*)Hf swf 25<?VS4kFh.54;XNFZ03<S:R4LCE2GFA.PXR4p>Z`o4;.q0383>R6NW^<?.PO5<?CJFZ0I4;Bƒ032GFZ0zFZ` 034J8<?.PCJ>R896Q> 8IF 0I<?.PX RjN0I2P4p89>RUQ>Z0z<SBƒV?4JB9BzC;4J8n0EFA<S.vFAUm>R@P0 <u0IBƒ6Q>AB3<S03<?>R.ojqFh6m>RB3<u0I<u:R4kCE2GFA.5XA4p<S.5O5<?CJFZ0I4;B FA.]<S.5CJ894dFAB94
<?.,C;4J890IFA<?.N0/WAf ‚2P4hB94JVS4JC;03<?>R.,B9CE254J\^4s>Z`03254i4J.N0I89>R6NW VS034J8‚<?BLFAB~`x>AV?V?>%KkB;f
,$ x ~
) w {,w}w
!,4>x ( {- #( ,$ " q–• ‹s ‚[email protected]>R6NW Vu0I4;8p\]FAbA4;BD83>AUQ>A0p6m4J83C;4J6P03<?>R.|25<?XA25VSW,B94JV?4;C;03<S:R4Zjo<S.|0I25FZ0Y<u0YC;>R.5B9<?O54;83BY>A.5VSW
B34;.5B3>A8p894dFAO5<S.5XRB‚C;>R. 89\]<S.5X0I254i89>RUQ>Z0nm BLC;@583894J.N0pUQ4;V?<?4w` f
# w!' „) $ ^) ) "! ' ;' # ($ ^)$
25<SV?4M03254p4;.N0I83>A6qW VS0I4;8\vFZbA4JBƒ.5>hFAB9B3@5\^6P03<?>R.5B FAUm>[email protected]@5834k>A`m0I254kB94J.5B9>R8zO5FZ0EFiFA.5O‡0I2P4
bq<?.5O1>A`ƒO5<[email protected];4JBD03>(4 ]H6m4JC;0D<?.[OPW=.GFZ\]<SC74J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0IB;joKz47Kk<?VSV .P>yKO54;B3C;83<?Um470/Kz> VS034J89B
4JB96Q4;CJ<?FAV?VuW(O54;B3<?XA.54JO,`x>R8‚6589_> ]H<S\]<u0/WvB94J.5B9>R83BLB3@5CE21FABkB3>R.5FA8kB34J.PB3>R89Bp>R8‚V?FAB34;8‚8IFA.PXR4 .5O54;83BJf
$PR&%HR?T
aj#i(' ^ X[Z*) a,+NiZ c
‚25<SB VS034J8Y<SBDCdFZV?V?4;O @ {F, # w wjoB3<?.PCJ4}<S0YB34;V?4JCw0IBiB34;.5B3>A8„834dFZO5<?.5XABDUGFAB94JOc>R.[0I254;<?8DOP<?B90IFA.5C;4
834;V FZ03<S:A4^03>|0I2P4vO5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4^0I>103254vC;V?>RB94JB907>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4^<?.03254v\]FA6gf >[Um4v\^>R834^B36m4JC;< CZjF|\^4dF
B3@P834J\^4J.N0 v<SB7FZB3B3@P\]4;Ol0I>|UQ4]CJ>R8983@56P034JOgj <S`‚<u0s<SB #"x _0I2GFA.0I254]O5<?Bn0EFA.5C;4v4f]P6m4JCw0I4;O"`x83>R\
0I2P4iKz>R89V?OT\]>=O54JV f ‚25<?B Vu0I4;8L894J\^>%:R4JBk0I2P>RB34hB34;.5B3>R8L\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.q03B iKk25<?CE2,Kk<S032|6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<u0/W
25<SXR254J8~032GFA.. - qx0325<?B‚0I2P834JB925>RVSOT<SB‚B34w0p03> 0/211}<S.|FZV?Vof4 ]H6Q4;83<?\^4J.N03|B s‚FA834iB925>R89034J8‚0I25FA.|f4 ]H6Q4;C;0I4;Ogf
>hB34;4Aj=CJ>R.PB3<?OP4J8 F„O5<?B9CJ834w0I4LB34w0z>Z`o6m>RB3B9<?U5VS4‚O5<?Bn0EFA.PCJ4JB (3546/6/7/46498D\]4JFAB3@5894JO^UNW^Fi6P83> ]H<?\^<S0/W
B34;.5B3>A8Jf †4w0 ;: q P“–s^O54J.5>Z0I4[0I2P4€6583>RU5FAU5<?VS<S0/W >A`h\^4dFAB9@583<S.5X"O5<SB90IFA.5CJ4 „<u`„0I254€89>RUm>A0(<SB
FZ076Q>RB9<S03<?>R%. “kFA.5Ol03254(B34;.5B3>A8O54;034JCw0IB0I2P4v.5f4 ]H0>RU5B90IFACJVS4v<S.l0I254]\vFZ6gf ‚2P4(O5<?Bn0I89<?U5@P03<?>R. ;:
O54;B3CJ89<?Um4JB~03254„B34;.5B3>R8k\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.N&0 < $# v`x89>R\ 03254„\]FA6g&f ‚25<SB‚O5<?Bn0I89<?U5@P03<?>R.]<?B‚FZB3B3@P\]4;O,03>
Um4 .hFA@PB3B3<?FA.}Kk<S032}\]4JFA.^FZ00I254‚OP<?B90IFA.5C;>4 = 0I>„0I254k.5f4 ]=0z>AU5B90IFACJVS4Af =4J4 H4JCw0I<S>R/. )H+f Hf `x>R8ƒF„\^>R834
O54w0EFA<SV?4JO1O5<?B9CJ@5B9B3<?>A.€>A`0I25<SBYB94J.5B9>R8„\]>=O54;Vf ‚2P4}OGFAB32P4JOtV?<S.54s<S(. <SXR@5834 3Pf 3v834;65834;B34J.N03B ?: `x>A8
F_V FAB94J8 /8IFZ.5XR4 .PO54J8iFA.POF_O5<SB90IFA.5CJ@4 = >Z` )3ACJ\Tf .„<S:A4J.€0I2P<?BDO5<SB90383<?UP@P0I<S>R.1`x>R8D03254}4 ]H6m4JC;034JO
\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.q0JjgKM4^FA894}<?.N0I4;834;B90I4;Ot<?.[0I2P4^6P83>RUGFZU5<?VS<S0/W_0I25FZ0hF(\]4JFAB3@P834JOtO5<SB90IFA.5CJ4 ƒ<SB #"x 0I25FA. 0I2P4[4 ]H6m4JC;034JO >R.54Zf ‚25<SBv6589>RUGFAU5<SV?<u0/W <?B^4 q@GFAVL0I>l03254[6589>RUGFAU5<SV?<u0/W"0I2GF 0v0I2P4[4 ]H6m4JC;034JO
B34;.5B3>A8s894dFAO5<S.5XT<?B wyx-,#u v032GFA.03254‡\]4JFAB3@P834JO>R.54Z/f ‚2q@5BhKM4^CdFA.cCJ>A\]65@H0I4 BADCFEHGJIq “ swjr0I2P4
6589>RUGFAU5<SV?<u0/Wv>A`<?.N034J834;B90JjGUqW(B3@5\^\vF 0I<?>A._>y:A4J8pFAV?VQO5<?Bn0EFA.PCJ4JB LKYU5<SXRXR4;8~0I2GFA. ;ADCFEHG2I<q (“–s M
;:qPK (“–s/
q 3P+f 3 s
KON %; 1 1
1
%'&
probability
0.8
ADCFEH$ GJI !
!
#"
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
100
200
300
400
500
measured distance [cm]
(*),+.-/0-1/0-325476#88)9)9: <; : >= 5? > (@6#A*B87 CB&D:EB&GFHB&#I Q4BJFHBJKL: #K 46#88)9),: <;
)9IE#: #KDBO= )9IPIN.6#47:EBQ4:N#KR:NBSB87'CB&D:EB&GFTB&#I Q.4BJFHBJKL:Q-
A2CFEHG2I >= M? >,(@:N: p.N0I<SVM.5>%K KM4_25F%:A4,FAB3B9@5\^4JO0I2GF 00I254v6Q>RB9<S03<?>R. “k>A`k0I2P4(83>RUm>A07<?Bbq.5>%Kk.Kk<S032 FAU5B3>AV?@P034
CJ4;890IFA<?.N0/WRfL-/.[>R89O54J8k0I>]CJ>R.PB3<?OP4J8p032547Um4JVS<?4w`*B90IFZ0I4s>A`*032547VS>HCJFAV?<SedFZ03<?>R.(Kz472GFd:A470I>vF%:A4J83FAXR4>%:R4;8
FAVSV 6m>RB9B3<?UPV?4^V?>=CdFZ03<?>R.5Bh>A`~03254(89>RUQ>Z0df fHq*3Pf shOP4JB3C;83<SUQ4;B70I254v6583>RU5FAU5<?VS<S0/W[032GFZ0 M<?BhB325>A890I4;8
0I25FA.|f4 ]H6Q4;C;0I4;O|Kk<u0I2,834;B36m4JC;0L0I>}03254iUQ4;V?<?4w` ‘t’>“”q–•Jswf
;ADCFEHG2I<q s M
BA2CFEHG2I”q '“ s?‘ ’>“?q •M “ s
q 3Pf s
‚254hB34;V?4JCw0I<S>R.,B3CE254;\]4h>A` 0I254iO5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4 Vu0I4J8‚<SBkFAB~`x>RVSV?>%KkBJf
k
!,4>x ( {- 8( ,$ " @UVXWZY,[ q }s]\ -
) w {,w}w
‚25<SB Vu0I4J8 \]FAbA4;B0I2P4M<?\^65VS<?CJ<u0†FAB9B3@5\^6P03<?>R.h0I2GFZ00I254zB325>A890I.P4JB3B >A` FpB94J.5B9>R8*894dFAO5<S.5XYC;>R83894JB96Q>R.PO5B
0I>}03254i6583>RU5FAU5<?VS<S0/W^0I2GF 0‚0I25<SB‚B34J.PB3>R8L834JFAO5<?.PX^<SB‚CdFA@PB34JO|UNW,[email protected]\^>HO54;V?4;OT>AU5B90IFACJVS4Af
$PR&%HR<Q
+”dEX^ 'P_JZ ) ,a +NiZ
c
-/. 0325<?B^B34;C;0I<S>R. Kz4|Kk<SV?VkO54J89<S:A4[F VS0I4;8JjMKk2P<?CE2 < w / w0~\]>=O54;V?B}0I254|834;V FZ03<?>R. UQ4w0/KM4;4J. 0I2P4
\^4dFAB9@5834;O1O5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4sFA.5OT0I254h6583>AUGFAU5<SV?<S0/W^0I25FZ0p0325<?Bk\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.N0Y<SBLCJFA@5B94JO[UNWTFA.|@5.5\^>HO54;V?4;O
>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4Zf ‚25<?B VS034J8 <?BMU5FAB34;O_>R.v0I2P4D4JBn0I<?\]FZ03<?>R.^>A`g03254D6m>RB3<u0I<?>A.]>A`[email protected]>%Kk.T>AU5B90IFACJVS4JBM<S.v0I2P4
4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0i834;V FZ03<S:A470I>(03254‡83>RUm>A0df ‚254‡\^>HO54;V`x>R8Y6583> ]H<?\^<S0/WTB34;.5B3>A83BsFA6565VS<?4JO1UqW[>R@58DXR89<?O UGFAB94JO a1FZ83bA>%:cV?>=CdFZV?<?eJFZ0I<S>R.tFABsO54JB9CJ83<SUQ4;O"<?. H4JCw0I<S>R8. )Hf Pf <SB7O5>R\^<?.5FZ0I4;OUNWt0I254]O5<?Bn0EFA.PCJ4]03>
0I2P4L.P4 ]=0 >RU5B90IFACJVS4k<?.0I2P4L\]FA6gf-/.]>A83O54;8ƒ03>i\]<S.5<?\^<?e;4 03254kOGFA\]FAXR<?.PXD4 Q4JCw0M>A`mC;>R8389@56P0I4;OvB94J.5B9>R8
834JFAO5<S.5XRB0325<?B VS034J8 FA<?\^B F 0*O54w0I4JCw0I<S.5XD0I25>AB34~B94J.5B9>R8*834JFAO5<S.5XRB Kk25<SCE2}FA894~CdFA@PB34JO‡UNW7FA.@5.5bq.5>%Kk.
>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4 zwyx! ,#u,0I254.P4 ]=0h>RU5B90IFACJVS4834;65834;B34;.q034JO<?.103254}\vFZ6g0f G>R8Y0I2P4834JFAO54J8 m BiC;>R.N:R4J.P<?4J.PCJ4
Kz4pKk<?VSVG834w`x4J8ƒ0I>[email protected]\]>=O54;V?4JO]>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4JBzFABz2=@P\vFA.PBJj=B3<?.PCJ4L<?.]03254LCdFAB94Y>A`rFhB3"@ l^C;<?4J.N03VSW^CJ>R\^65VS4;0I4
\]FA6,>A`03254i4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0L\]>[email protected]>%Kk.1>AU5B90IFACJVS4JBLFA834i2q@5\]FA.5B;f
ZZ
>TB34;4]2P>yK 0I254‡U5VS>HCEb FAXA4 VS034J8DKz>R83bqBJj V?4w0i@5B 83Bn0sFAB3B9@5\]4}032GFZ0iKM4‡CJFA.4;B903<?\]FZ0I4 q K F4|“ s j*.GFA\^4JVuW€0I254(6P83>RUGFZU5<?VS<S0/W[032GFZ0‡F12q@5\]FA."<SBFZ07O5<?Bn0EFA.PCJ4 Kyj*<S`M0I254(89>RUm>A0<SB7FZ07V?>=CdFZ03<?>R.
“DFA.PO 03254,6583>]H<?\^<S0/WB34;.5B3>A8]\^4dFAB9@5834;B‡O5<?Bn0EFA.5C;4 f .i<u:R4;. 0325<?B [email protected]<S0/WAjzKz4TCJFA. CJ>R\^65@P034
E
nq “ swjM< f 4Zf"0I254,6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<u0/Wt0I2GFZ0‡03254,CJV?>AB34JBn0^>RU5B90IFACJVS4_<?.0I2P4T\]FA6 <?B}UPV?>=CEbA4JO UNW F
2q@5\]FA.[<S` 0I254s83>RUm>A0D<SBYF 0DV?>=CdF 0I<?>Av. “ƒFA.5O|0I254B94J.5B9>R8D\^4dFAB9@5834;BDO5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4 f ‚25<SBY6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<u0/W
<?BpUGFAB94JO€>R.[0325476589>RUGFAUP<?V?<u0/W_0I2GF 0„Fv2q@5\]FA.[<SBYCJVS>RB34;8p03>v0I254783>RUm>A0Y032GFA.103254.5f4 ]=0„>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4<S.
0I2P4h\]FA6 E
nq (“ s M
q K F4 “–s
q 3Pf s
K %'&
p4;834Aj = <?B}0I254,O5<SB90IFA.5CJ4_03>c03254,.54 ]=0]>RU5B90IFACJVS4_<?. 0I254,\]FA6 q{B94J4|FAV?B9> =4JC;03<?>R. )Hf Pf FZ.5O
6P6Q4;.5O5d< ] s f zW_Fd:A4J8IFZXR<?.5X7>y:A4J8kFAVSVQ6m>RB9B3<?UPV?4YVS>HCJFZ0I<S>R.5B >A`†0I2P4D83>RUm>A0JjHKz4„XR4;0~03254D6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<u0/W
E
nq sz032GFZ0pF}B34J.PB3>R8L\]4JFAB3@P834J\^4J.N0L<?B‚CJFA@5B94JO1UNW,F‡2q@5\]FA.,U5V?>=CEbq<?.5X‡F‡\vFZ6T>AU5B90IFACJVS4 E
nq s M
E
nq (“ s ‘ ’>“?q • M “ s
q 3P+f s
~FAB94JO">R.c0I25<SBi4 q@GFZ03<?>R.cKM4]CdFA.O54;034JC;07B34;.5B3>R8s834JFAO5<?.PXRB„Kk25<?CE2lKk<u0I2c25<?XA2VS<?bA4;V?<S25>H>=OtFA894
CdFZ@5B34;O1UNW,F‡2=@P\vFA.of ‚254sB94JVS4JC;03<?>R.,B9CE254J\^4s>Z`03254iU5V?>=CEb FAXR4 Vu0I4J8‚<SBkFAB~`x>RVSV?>%KkBJf
) w {,w}w
!,4>x ( {- 8( ,$ " W q }s\ -
-/.v>A83O54;8ƒ03>s<S\]6PV?4J\^4J.N0*0325<?B Vu0I4;8Jjq<S0ƒ894J\]FA<?.5B03>sO54;83<u:R4pFh6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<SB903<?CM\^>=O54JV5`x>R803254pOP<?B90IFA.5C;4
>A`P2=@P\vFA.PB XR<u:R4J.sFpC;4J8n0EFA<S.sB94J.5B9>R8 \^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.N0df ‚2P<?B O5<?Bn0I83<SU5@P03<?>R.i<?B O54;.5>A0I4;O7UNW q K F4|“ swf
-/.€0I254}`x>RVSV?>%Kk<?.PX(B34;C;0I<S>R.5BDKz4^Kk<SV?V 6583>=CJ4;4JOFAB„`x>RV?VS>%KkBJf <?83Bn0DKz4‡Kk<SV?V<?.N0I89>HO5@PCJ40I2P4^OP"< Q4J834;.N0
6589>RUGFAU5<SV?<u0/W„O5<?Bn0I89<?U5@P03<?>R.PBJj >R.7Kk25<SCE2 q K 4|“ s O54;6Q4;.5O5B;f l4zKk<?V?VNB925>%K 0I2GFZ00I25<SB 6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<u0/W
\]FA<?.5VuWiO54J6m4J.PO5Bƒ>R.}FA.}f4 ]H034J.5OP4JO^B34J.PB3>R8ƒ\^>HO54;VjyKk25<?CE2‡O54;B3C;83<?Um4JB*03254~6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<u0/Wi>A`m\]4JFAB3@P83<?.PX
F„CJ4;890EFZ<?.‡O5<?Bn0EFA.PCJ4‚<S`m0I2P4‚83>RUm>A0ƒ<?BƒF 0ƒV?>=CdFZ03<?>R. “ {F, ^F„2q@5\]FA.‡<?BƒFZ0ƒOP<?B90IFA.5C;4 …f ‚25<SB f4 ]=0I4J.PO54JO
\^>HO54;Vg>A`6583> ]H<?\^<S0/W]B34;.5B3>A83BpKk<SV?VQUQ4i<?.N0383>=O5@5CJ4;O,<?._0I254iB9@5U5B34 [email protected]„B94JC;03<?>R.of
! R '
! $
$
†4;0 q K F4 “–s}O54;.5>A0I4,0I2P416589>RUGFAU5<SV?<u0/Wl0I25FZ0]F2q@5\]FA. <SB]<S. 3OP<?B90IFA.5C;4 KyjM<S`p0I254T83>AUQ>A0^<SB
FZ0vV?>=CdFZ03<?>R.W“hFA.5O 0325416589>]P<S\]<u0/W B34;.5B3>R8_\^4dFZB3@5894JBvOP<?B90IFA.5C;4 f ‚25<?B]6583>RU5FAU5<?VS<S0/WCJFA. Um4
CJ>A\]65@H0I4JOT@5B9<?.5X}0I2P4 MF%WA4JB9< FA.T<?.N:R4;83B9<?>R.T4q@GFZ03<?>R. q K4|“ s q K (“–s
q K F4 “–s M
q 3P5f ,s
q (“ s
p4;834Zj q (“–sr<?Br0I254z6583>AUGFAU5<SV?<S0/WY>A`G\^4dFAB9@583<S.5XYOP<?B90IFA.5C;4 P<u`P03254M89>RUQ>Z0 <SB FZ0V?>=CdF 0I<?>A. “/"f !VS4dFAB94
.5>A034AjN0I25FZ00I25<S!B [email protected]<u0/W}<?B>A@58\]>=O54;VP>A`m0I254k6589> ]P<S\]<u0/W7B94J.5B9>R8 FABƒ<?.N0I89>HOP@5CJ4;O^<S. H4JCw0I<S>R/. )H+f Hf f
q K (“ s O54J.P>A0I4;B 03254k6583>RU5FAU5<?VS<S0/Wi0I25FZ0 F„2=@P\vFA.‡<SBƒFZ0O5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4 KM<S` 03254k83>RUm>A0<SBƒFZ0ƒV?>=CdFZ03<?>Rt
. “f
#%$'&(*)+(-,.0/21&("346557498;:.<=:>/?(@.A1+:7BC(*D);,6D+()+E ,6D+:F@(G/2:.IHKJJL(@.C/: ! H-M
%; 1 1
‚25<SB [email protected]<S0/W^CdFA.]UQ4L4JBn0I<S\vFZ034JO]FABƒ`x>RV?VS>yKkB;f CJCJ>A83O5<S.5Xs03>s>[email protected]>R8M\^>HOP4JVjRKz4DFZB3B3@P\]4k0I2GF 0
>R.]Fd:R4J83FAXR4LFi8IFA.5XA4 >A`Q03254kO5<?B9CJ894;0I<SedFZ03<?>R.}<SB>HC;CJ@56P<?4JO‡Kk<S032‡6583>RU5FAU5<?VS<S0/W UNW‡Fi2q@5\vFZ.gf zW
FAO5OP<S0I<S>R.GFAVSVSW7FAB3B9@5\^<?.5Xi0I2GF 0~Fh2=@P\vFA.]<?B,*x-ƒFZ0 0I254p6Q>RB9<S03<?>R.}Kk25<SCE2(<?B >HC;CJ@56P<?4JO]UNW^03254YC;V?>RB94JBn0
>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4<S.[0I254}B94J.5B9>R8iO5<?894JCw0I<?>A.gjQKz4‡XR4;0D03254`x>RVSV?>%Kk<?.5X]6583>AUGFAU5<SV?<S0/W,OP<?B90383<SU5@P0I<S>R.1`x>R8Y2=@P\vFA.PB
834;V FZ03<S:A4D0I>}0I254i89>RUQ>Z0df
q K (“ s M ‹q š % q '“ s s
q 3Ppf o s
p4;834 % q (“ s<?Bƒ0I254p6583>RU5FAU5<?VS<S0/Ws0I2GFZ0 0I2P4pO5<SB90IFA.5CJ4 o<SB >=CJC;@565<S4JO(UNW‡0I254LCJVS>RB34;B90M>RU5B90IFACJVS4p<u`
0I2P4D83>RUm>A0z<?BMFZ0~VS>HCJFZ0I<S>R. “ f-…0M<?BzB90I83FA<?XA2q09`x>R89KMFA89Ov0I>f4 ]=0I8IFZC;0~0325<?B [email protected]<u0/W]`x89>R\ >R@58MXA4J>R\^4;0383<?C
\^>HO54;Vg>A` 0I254i4;.q:=<S83>R.5\^4J.N0Jf
>iC;>R\]6PV?4;034~0I254‚OP4J83<u:ZFZ0I<S>R.}>A` m
f q 3P+f swjN<u0834;\vFA<S.5B 03>h\^>=O54JVP03254‚6589>RUGFAU5<SV?<u0/W q KL4|“ s
>A`r\^4dFAB9@583<S.5X7OP<?B90IFA.5C;4 g<S`†03254Y89>RUm>A0~<SB~FZ0MV?>=CdFZ03<?>R. “FZ.5O_F72q@5\]FA.(<SB~FZ0MO5<?Bn0EFA.5C;4 K -f !VS4dFAB94
.5>A0340I2GF 0D0I25<SB„6583>AUGFAU5<SV?<S0/W,<SB„CJVS>RB34;VSW|834JV?FZ0I4;O[0I>,>[email protected]>R8i\^>HO54;V q “ sw4f ‚254}O5"< Q4J894J.5C;4
Um4;0/Kz4J4J.|>R@58‚65894;:=<?>A@5B‚B34;.5B3>R8k\^>HOP4JVgFZ.5O_0I25<SB‚6583>RU5FAU5<?VS<S0/W^<?Bz0I2GFZ0LFZ6GFA890M`x83>R\ b=.P>yKk<S.5X}Kk254J894
0I2P4Y83>AUQ>A0 <SBJjqKM4YFAO5O5<u0I<?>A.GFAV?VuW725F%:A4Y0I>sCJ>R.PB3<?OP4J8ƒ0I2GFZ0MFs2q@5\]FA.]B90EFZ.5O5B~<S.vFhO5<?Bn0EFA.5C;4 Kyf*-/.v0I2P4
.5f4 ]H0~B34JCw0I<S>R.(KM4pKk<?V?VmB32P>yK 25>%K 0I>74 ]=0I4;.5O_0I254DB94J.5B9>R8‚\^>HO54;V q (“ sz<S.v>R89O54J8M03><?.PCJ>R896Q>R83FZ0I4
bq.5>%KkV?4;O5XR4hFAUm>R@P0L2q@5\vFZ.5BJf
)
) - …- ` Kz4hb=.P>yK0I254h6Q>AB3<S03<?>R._>Z`03254s89>RUm>A0LFA.5O,0I254hO5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4„0I>]F}2q@5\vFZ.1FAVS>R.5X}0I2P4hB94J.5B9>R8YUm4dFZ\|j
0I2P4J. KM4tCdFZ. O5<SB903<?.5XR@P<?B32 0325834;4tO5<"Q4J894J.N0Tb=<S.5O5B,>A`s>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4JB_>A. 03254€B34;.5B3>R8TUm4dFA\Tf ‚254;B34
>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4;BpFZ834
FPpf s ‚254iC;V?>RB94JB90L>RUPB90EFZCJV?4i<S.,03254i\vFZ6gj
Ugpf sTFA.,@5.Pb=.P>yKk.1>RU5B90IFACJVS4AjGFZ.5O
CApf s_03254i2=@P\vFA.of
‚254 89B90(0/Kz>bq<?.5O5Bv>A`i>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4JB]2GFd:R4tFAVS834JFAOPW UQ4;4J. O5<SB3C;@5B3B94JO <?. =4JC;03<?>R. )H+f Hf f ‚254
6589>RUGFAU5<SV?<u0/W[>A`‚\^4dFZB3@589<?.5X1F|O5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4 M<u`‚F|2q@5\]FA."Bn0EFA.PO5BFZ0sO5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4 K7Kk<SV?VUm4vO54;.5>A034JO
UNW q K sw(f ‚25<SB6583>AUGFAU5<SV?<S0/WtCJFA.Um4(\]>=O54;V?4JOlUqWlF .iFA@5B3B9< FA.lO5<?Bn0I83<SU5@P03<?>R.cKk<S0I2l\]4JFA.
FZ0D03254O5<SB90IFA.5CJ4s0I>v03254}2q@5\vFZ.g"f ‚254}@5.5C;4J8n0EFA<S.q0/W1>A`0I2P4B34;.5B3>R8„<SBD\^>HO54;V?4;O1UNW103254}B90IFA.5OGFA89O
O54w:H<?FZ0I<S>R. ~>A` 0I25<SB‚O5<?Bn0I89<?U5@P03<?>R.of
m]5FZ\]65VS4sOP<?B90383<SU5@P0I<S>R.5B~`x>R8‚03254h0325834;47bq<?.PO5Bp>Z`*>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4;BYFA894sOP4J65<SC;0I4;O[<?. <SXR@58304 3Hf f ‚254
B3>AV?<?OV?<S.54]Kk<u0I2l03254(CJ>A.q03<?.q@5>R@PB3VSWV?>%K :ZFAV?@P4JB7B925>%KkB}0I254(6P83>RUGFZU5<?VS<S0/W q}sh032GFZ003254(B94J.5B9>R8
\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.q0 <?B‚CdFZ@5B34;O[UNWTFA.|@P.5bq.5>%Kk.[>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4Af ‚254hOGFAB9254JO[VS<?.54„894J65894JB94J.N0IB ;: q “ swj
.GFA\^4JVuWl03254,6583>RU5FAU5<?VS<S0/Wc>A`p\]4JFAB3@P83<?.PXF€O5<SB90IFA.5CJ4 k<S`L0I2P4T89>RUm>A0}<?B‡F 0]VS>HCJFZ0I<S>R. “/f-/. 0I25<SB
4 ]PFA\^65VS4iKz4sFAB3B9@5\]4i0I25FZ0k0I254iO5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4 = 0I>}0I254h.5f4 ]H0p>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4i<?.,0I2P4h\]FA6T<?1B )3ACJ\Tf !VS4dFAB94
.5>A03<?C;4z0I25FZ0 03254~6GFA83FA\^4;0I4;83B*@PB34JO`x>A80I2P4JB34~0/Kz>„O5<SB90I89<?U5@H0I<?>A.5B FZ834z0IFAbA4;.}`x83>R\ 0I2P4~B34;.5B3>R8\^>=O54JV
ZZ
0I25FZ0h2GFABiUQ4;4J.FAOGFA6H0I4JOt0I>TOGFZ0IF_CJ>RVSV?4JCw0I4;OcOP@583<S.5X_0I254‡\@5B94J@5\ 03>R@58
/XR@5<SO54}6589>(—94JCw0df/ <?.GFZV?VSWAj
0I2P4_O5>A03034JOXR83FA652 O54;65<?Cw0IB703254_6583>AUGFAU5<SV?<S0/W #q K s7<u`LF[2q@5\vFZ.B90EFZ.5O5B}<?. F[OP<?B90IFA.5C;4(>A`
)ZCJ\Tf
probability
0.4
$ !
!
!
#"
0.5
0.3
%'&
0.2
0.1
0
100
200
300
400
500
measured distance [cm]
(*),+.-/0- .-@2M46#88)9),:),BJI@6#A H
F B&#I Q.47) K.+ )9IE:##KDBO= + ) 5#BJK QK"0K.6K 6#8IE:#!9BJI > ; >= (@(:N.B96 IEBJIE:
6#8IE#: !9B )9K :N.B F >; : >= M? >,(@(6#4 :NB)9IE:##KDBS:E6 TNFQF #K9>; >= M
? PK (@( -
rB CdFZ.sUm4B34;4J.7<S.D0I254 XA@5834Zj 03254B90IFA.5OGFA89OsOP4;:=< FZ03<?>R.„>Z`H03254O5<?Bn0I89<?U5@P03<?>R. ?:q (“–so<SB†V FA89XR4J8
0I25FA.€0I254‡B90IFA.5OGFZ83OtO54;:=<?FZ0I<S>R.€>A` q K swf ‚25<SB„<?B„UGFZB34JOc>R.€0I2P4`x>RV?VS>yKk<S.5X(C;>R.5B3<SO54J83FZ0I<S>R.
M>A032lO5<SB90383<?UP@P0I<S>R.5B„\^>HO54;V*0I254^@5.5C;4J8n0EFA<S.q0/Wt>Z`~0I254^B34;.5B3>A8sUNWFTBn0EFA.POGFA83OO54;:=<?FZ0I<S>R. f M@H0
Kk25<SV?4 ]FAB9B3@5\^4JBh4 ]PFACw07bq.5>%KkV?4;O5XR4]FAUm>R@P0„0I2P4^OP<?B90IFA.5C;4 K703>,03254^2=@P\vFA.ojr03254‡O5<?Bn0I89<?U5@P03<?>R.
;:B9@ o4;83B7FAO5O5<u0I<?>A.GFAV*@5.PCJ4J8n0EFA<S.N0/W :O5@54^0I>T0I254^<?.GFZCJCJ@P8IFACwW>Z`~0I254‡Kz>R83VSOl\^>HO54;V FA.5OlOP@54
0I>[03254(O5<SB3C;834;03<?eJFZ0I<S>R.l>A`k03254(6m>RB3<u0I<?>A. •‚f ‚2=@PBJjƒ0I254(Bn0EFA.POGFA83O O54w:=< FZ03<?>R.">Z` ;: <?BXR<u:R4;.UqW
M : Kk25<?VS4D0I254iBn0EFA.5O5FA83OTO54;:=<?FZ0I<S>R.,>A` s<SB‚XR<S:A4J.TB3>RVS4JVuWvUNW M f
‚254[6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<u0/W q K4|“ s^>Z`„\]4JFAB3@P83<?.PXlO5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4 Y<S`DKz4[bq.5>%K 0I2GF 0]03254189>RUQ>Z0v<SB
FZ07V?>=CdFZ03<?>R. “LFZ.5O F12q@5\]FA.<?B7FZ0O5<SB90IFA.5CJ4 K^O54J6m4J.PO5B}>R.l03254v0I2P834J4_OP<?B90383<SU5@P0I<S>R.5B qj ?:Yj
FA.5O Nf -/. >R83O54;8v0I>lCJ>R89834JCw0IVuW \^>HOP4JVp03254[C;>R\U5<S.54JO O5<SB90383<?UP@P0I<S>R.gjMKz4€\@5Bn0_CJ>R.PB3<?OP4J8(0I2P4
O54;6Q4;.5O54J.PCJ<?4;BYUm4;0/Kz4J4;.|0I2P4JB34hO5<SB90I89<?U5@H0I<?>A.5BJf BLFAV?894dFAOPW(O5>R.54i<?._03254iO54J89<S:ZFZ0I<S>R._>A` 0I254iB94J.5B9>R8
\^>HO54;V q '“ swj=KM4YCdFA.(C;>R\U5<S.54p03254DO5< o4;834;.q0MCdFAB94JB‚UNWvFA.(4 ]HC;V?@5B9<S:R4 />R8z834;V FZ03<?>R. ‚254DB94J.5B9>R8
\^4dFAB9@5834;BpF‡O5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4 r<S`
FPpf s_03254iB34J.PB3>R8LUQ4JFA\<SB
pf s_894 G4;C;034JO ([email protected]>%Kk.">RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4 (UNWt0I2P4^2q@5\]FA.UQ4w`x>R834‡834JFACE25<S.5X
OP<?B90IFA.5C;4 3 M š
K9 q š q š qLK s s q š #qLK s?s s54
%; 1 o
Hf 834 G4JCw0I4;O1UNW_0I254ibq.5>%Kk.1>AU5B90IFACJVS4iFZ0kO5<?Bn0EFA.PCJ4
) ps
1
?:Fq '“ s
M
Ugfps s03254iUQ4JFA\<SB
pf s_894 G4;C;034JO ? ^UqW€FA.€@5.5bq.5>%Kk.l>AU5B90IFACJVS4 ^UqW10I254}bq.5>%Kk.c>RU5B90IFACJVS4 ]UqW
03254i2q@5\vFZ.|Um4;`x>R894i834dFZCE25<?.5X‡O5<SB90IFA.5CJ4 3 M š
K9 qPK (“ s
Hf 834 G4JCw0I4;O1UNWTFA.,@5.5bq.5>%Kk.1>AU5B90IFACJVS4sF 0kO5<?Bn0EFA.5C;4
) ps
M
CAfps s03254iUQ4JFA\<SB
UNWi0I254 \vFZ6h>AU5B90IFACJVS4zUm4;`x>R894z894dFACE2:
pf s_894 G4;C;034JO ) [email protected]=.P>yKk.7>RU5B90IFACJVS4 ‚
<S.5X‡O5<?Bn0EFA.PCJ4 3M š
K q š q š qLK s s q š
;:qPK ,“ s?s s54
Hf 834 G4JCw0I4;O1UNW_0I254i2q@5\]FA.TFZ0kO5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4
) ps
q
M
s/
zW<?.5O54f]H<?.5X103254vCJFAB34;B‡FACJC;>R83OP<?.5XT0I>10325<?Bs4J.q@5\^4J8IF 0I<?>A.gjKz4_XR4;0mfHq*3PfJ12s„Kk25<?CE2"CJFA.Um4
0I83FA.5Bn`x>R83\^4JO_:=< F f q 3Pf 2sz<S.q03> f q*3Hf swf
; >= ?
K ,> (
; 3 3 3 (
; 3 ( ; 3 ( !
!
!
"
"
"
?.,#*)
; =T
"
"
; =
"
/0-/ (
; ; = H ?
$#%# &
'
"
/0-2(
3 (
"
K(#%#%#*) +'
;
:
"
= M?$,#
&' - ; =
"
$#%# &
"
;
:
"
?.,#%#%#*)
=T
&'
; = ?
"
#"
/0-/
#
…- 0<SBsKz>R89032.5>A0I<S.5X,0I2GFZ0s0I25<SB74f]H034J.5OP4JO \]>=O54;V >Z`k6583>]H<?\^<S0/WtB94J.5B9>R83B25FAB>R.5VuW _FZO5O5<
0I<S>R.GFAVo6GFA8IFZ\]4w0I4J8kC;>R\]65FA834;O,03>^03254h>R83<SXR<?.GFZVo\^>HO54;Vg>A` 6583>]H<?\^<S0/WvB34J.PB3>R89BJf‚2P<?BL6GFA8IFZ\]4w0I4J8 0213
ZZ
1
$7 !
$7 !
0.5
probability
0.4
0.3
%&
0.2
0.1
0
100
200
300
400
500
measured distance [cm]
(*),+.-/0-0-@25476#88)9)9:<; = ?., "
K#
6#A FHB
#I.47)9K.+) IE:#KDBO= ,) A :N.B NF#K
:N.B FG6#8IE:,B /QF # "
QF #
)9IP)9K AZ46 KL: 6#A
"
834;65834;B34;.q03Bz03254k6583>RU5FAU5<?VS<S0/Wh0I2GF 0 Fh2q@5\]FA.‡<?BO54w0I4;C;0I4;OvUNW}0I2P4LB94J.5B9>R8 <S`m<S0ƒBn0EFA.5OPBz<S.0I254kB34;.5B3<S.5X
O5<S834JCw0I<S>R. xKz4sB94;0k0I2P<?B‚:ZFAV?@54D03> P2f 1 1‡<S._>R@58‚Kz>R83b wf
~KM>v4 ]PFA\^65V?4;BL>Z` 0I2P4sf4 ]H034J.5OP4JO€B34;.5B3>A8Y\^>HO54;VgO54 .54JO1<?. f *3Pf ~FZ834hO54J65<SC;034JO1<S. <?X KL4
@5894 3Pf FA.P/O <?XR@5894 3Pf iFABB3>RVS<?O}VS<?.54;BJ!f L4J894AjN0I254‚XA8IFA652PB 894J65894JB94J.N0z03254‚6589>RUGFAU5<SV?<u0/W
`x>R8kF ]H4JO|6Q>RB9<S03<?>R._>A` 0I2P4h89>RUm>A0dfƒ-/.,0I254 89B90 XR@5894Aj50I2P4h2q@5\]FA.TB90IFA.5O5BL<?._`x83>A.q0k>Z` 0I2P4h.P4 ]=0
>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4i<?._03254s\]FA6TFA.5OT<?. <SXR@58904 3P+f }0I2P4h2q@5\]FA.T<?B‚Um4J25<S.5O,0I254h\vFZ6T>AU5B90IFACJVS4Af BkCdFZ.1Um4
"!#%$'&)(
$7 !
$7 !
0.5
0.4
probability
*
0.3
%&
0.2
0.1
0
100
200
300
400
500
measured distance [cm]
(*),+.-/0-+0-M2M46#88) ),:T; = M& ?$, PK(# 6#A FHB
#I.4 )9K.+,)9IE:#KDBO= & ,) A :N.BSN-F#K /QF
"
"
F 6#8IE: 9B / QF # "
#
)9I 8CBJN) KT6#A :N.B
;
B34;4J.^<?. <SXR@5894 3Pf jA0I2P4L2q@5\]FA.}<S.`x83>R.N0ƒ>A` 0I2P4‚\vFA6}>AU5B90IFACJVS4kFAV?\^>RB90 CJ4;890EFZ<?.5VuW7894 G4;C;0IB03254‚B34;. B3>A8‚UQ4JFA\FA.5O,VS>R.5XR4;8‚\]4JFAB3@5894J\^4J.N0IBk2GFd:A4h6P83>NFAUP<?V?<u0I<S4JBMC;V?>RB94D0I>‡eJ4;83>5f L>yKz4;:A4J8;jm<u`r0I254i2q@5\]FA.
<?BsUQ4;25<?.POl0I254v\vFA6>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4Aj*03254J."03254vUm4dFZ\ <SB7\^>RB90sV?<SbA4JVuWc834 54JC;034JO UNW03254(\]FA6l>AU5B90IFACJVS4
U5@P0p0I254;834s834J\]FA<S.5BLF]B3VS<?XR2N0L6589>RUGFAU5<SV?<u0/W(0I2GF 0p032547Um4dFA\894dFACE2P4JBY0325472q@5\]FA. xB34J4 <?XA@5834 3Pf wf
‚25<SBMO5< o4;834J.PCJ4Y<SBzU5FAB34;O(>R.v03254Y25<SXR2v6P83>RUGFZU5<?VS<S0/W "M (/J11h032GFZ0z2=@P\vFA.PB~FA894YO54w0I4JCw0I4;O_UqW^0I2P4
B34;.5B3>A8Jf DU5B90IFACJVS4JB <?.]03254L\vFA6]FA894Y>R.5VuW}O54w0I4JCw0I4;O(Kk<S0I2]6583>AUGFAU5<SV?<S0/W jq`x>R8ƒKk25<?CE2^KM4Y4 ]=0I83FAC;034JO
FT:ZFAVS@54^>A` P+f `x83>R\ 834JFAVƒOGFZ0IF|\^4dFAB9@5834;O"<?.t0I254]\@5B94J@5\ 4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0df >1<?VSV?@5Bn0I83FZ0I4}25>%K
0I2P4h6P834JB94J.5C;4s>Z`*F}2q@5\]FA.,<?. [email protected];4JBk0I254i6589>RUGFAU5<SV?<u0/W]>Z` \^4dFAB9@583<S.5X‡F‡CJ4J8n0EFA<S._O5<?Bn0EFA.PCJ4„KM4sFAO O5<u0I<?>A.GFAV?VuW,65V?>Z030I4;O€<?.€0I2P4 XR@5894JB„0I254‡6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<u0I<S4JB DCJ>A.5B3<SO54J89<?.5X(03254‡2=@P\vFA. xOGFAB32P4JO
V?<S.54JB wf BD4 ]H6m4JCw0I4JOojr032542q@5\]FA.[Um4J25<S.5O[0I2P4\vFZ6[>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4O5>=4JBY.5>A0„F o4;C;0D03254}O54;034JCw0I<?>A.[>A`
0I2P4_\vFA6>AU5B90IFACJVS4Af ‚2q@5B;jMUm>A0I2 XR83FA6525B}<S. <?XR@P834 3Pf €FA894_<?O54;.q03<[email protected]<SVz03254,B34J.PB3>R8‡Um4dFA\
834JFACE254;BL03254i2=@P\vFA.of
0
!#"%$& '!)(+*,-(.*,/102(1435*,!6(+7/98:;(+$ =<97/9!
p>%K Kz4~2GFd:R4~OP4J83<u:R4;O‡Fp6589>RUGFAU5<SV?<SB90I<SCƒO54JB9CJ83<S6P0I<S>R.s`x>A80I2P4M>R@P03CJ>R\^4M>Z` FY6589>_]H<S\]<u0/WiB34J.PB3>R8*XA<S:R4;.
0I25FZ0kKM4hbq.5>%K 0I254hO5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4i0I>^F‡2=@P\vFA.|FA.5OT0I254i6m>RB3<u0I<S>R.,>A`03254h83>RUm>A0df <S032_0I25<SBL4f]=0I4J.PO54JO
\^>HO54;V `x>R8„6589>]P<S\]<u0/W1B94J.5B9>R83BiKz4]FZ834‡834JFAOPW[03>TC;>R\^65@P0I403254‡6583>AUGFAU5<SV?<S0/W,`x>R8D03254‡65834;B34;.5CJ4^>A`
2q@5\]FA.5BJf K &4 wjo.5FA\]4;VSW,0I2P46583>AUGFAU5<SV?<S0/W_032GFZ0DF(2=@P\vFA.1<?BY<S.[O5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4 Ki<S`0325483>AUQ>A0
<?BFZ0‡V?>=CdFZ03<?>R. YFA.PO \^4dFZB3@5894JB‡O5<?Bn0EFA.PCJ4 k<?BOP4 .54;O UNWl03254_`x>RV?VS>%Kk<?.5X|4 q@GFZ03<?>R. xCJ>R\^6GFA894
f *3P+f f
K4
K
K F4
*3Pf )
M
‚25894J4Yf4 ]PFA\]6PV?4JBƒ>A`Q0I25<SBƒ6583>RU5FAU5<?VS<S0/W7O5<?Bn0I83<SU5@P03<?>R.‡FA894p6PV?>A090I4JO^<?,
. <SXR@5894JB 3P+f 3PJf 1Pf*-/.vFAV?VP0325834;4
CdFZB34JB;jG0I254iO5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4„0I>}03254i.54 ]=0p>RU5B90IFACJVS4„<?._0I2P4h\]FA6,<?1B ) 3 }CJ\Tf
7
!#
#(* $'&
*
$'&
' !#
!#%$'& (
( $'& *%
*)!
( *%
!#%$'&)( *
0.5
!
0.4
probability
'
0.3
%&
0.2
0.1
0
100
200
300
400
500
distance to human [cm]
(*),+.-/0-54L-M25476#88)9)9:T; K ?., = &# :N:)HNF#K 9) I : )9IE:#KDB PK ,) A:N.B]46#8C6#: FHB
#I.4BJI),) IE:#KDB
= & 6#A QF " #K :N.BOK.B?> : 6#8IE:,B )9K :N.O
B F )9I): ) IE:#KDBS6#A /QFR
ZZ
0.5
!
0.4
probability
0.3
%&
0.2
0.1
0
100
200
300
400
500
distance to human [cm]
( )9+.-/0- 0-@2M46#88) ),:T:N: T
NF#KR)9I : )9IE:#KDB
K
),A 46#8C6#:FHB
#I4BJI
)9I:#KDB = & #6 A
QFR-
(B 4f]H6Q4;C;0I4;Ogjk0I254|6583>RU5FAU5<?VS<S0/W"`x>A8^03254[O54w0I4JCw0I<S>R. >A`iF2=@P\vFA. <?B^25<?XR2oj~<S`D032541\^4dFZB3@5894JO
O5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4}O5<o4;83B„Bn0I83>A.5XRVSW|`x83>R\ 0I2P4^OP<?B90IFA.5C;4}4]H6Q4;C;034JO`x89>R\ 03254}\]FA6 * <SXR@5894JB03Pf+(FA.5O 3PfJ1 wf
p>%Kz4;:A4J8Jj†<u`*0I2P4\]4JFAB3@P834JO€OP<?B90IFA.5C;47<?BpCJVS>RB34h0I>v03254O5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4h0I>v03254\]FA61>RUPB90EFZCJV?4ZjQ03254J.€<u0Y<SB
:R4;89WsV?<SbA4JVuWD0I25FZ003254 B34J.PB3>R8*Um4dFZ\ 2GFAB Um4J4;.834 G4JCw0I4;O}UqWi03254z>AU5B90IFACJVS4M<?.i0I2P4M\]FA6gf CJC;>R83OP<?.5XRVuWRj
0I2P4h6P83>RUGFZU5<?VS<S0/W^`x>R8~0I254i65894JB94J.5C;4s>A` F‡2=@P\vFA.,<SB‚CJ>R.5B9<?O54;8IFAUPVSW_VS>yK *<?XR@589"4 3Pf wf
0.5
probability
0.4
!
0.3
%'&
0.2
0.1
0
100
200
300
400
500
distance to human [cm]
(*),+.-0/0- 0-@2546#88)9),:% :N: N F#K )9I : )9IE:#KDB
K
),AC:N.B46#8C6#:@FHB
#I4BJI )9IE:#KDB= & #6 A/+QF -
SV Vp0I2P834J4t4f]5FZ\]65VS4JB_B92GFA834tFZ.5>A0I2P4J8_<?.N034J834;B903<?.5X FAB96Q4;C;0T>A`i0I254€OP<?B90383<SU5@P0I<S>R.gf 25<?VS410I2P4
6589>RUGFAU5<SV?<u0/W€0I2GFZ0F12q@5\]FA.<?BsUQ4;25<?.5O0I254(\^4dFZB3@5894JOO5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4(<SB7.5>Z0‡F Q4JC;034JOUNWl03254(B94J.5B9>R8
834JFAO5<S.5X5jP03254s6P83>RUGFZU5<?VS<S0/W‡0I2GF 0YF‡2q@5\]FA.,<?BkCJVS>RB34;8~0I2GFA.,0I2P4s\^4dFAB9@5834;O|OP<?B90IFA.5C;4h<SBkFAV?\^>RBn0keJ4J89>
Um4JCdFZ@5B34h>A0I2P4J89Kk<SB34„0I2P4hB94J.5B9>R8LUQ4JFA\Kz>R@5V?O,.5>Z0p25F%:A4i834dFZCE254JOT0I254i\^4dFAB9@5834;O1O5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4 …f
25<?VS4_0I25<SB^f4 ]=0I4J.PO54JO B94J.5B9>R8v\^>HOP4JV‚CdFZ. Um4|@PB34JO 0I>c4JB903<?\]FZ0I4_03254|6m>RB9<S0I<S>R.5B}>A`D2=@P\vFA.PB
Kk<S0325<?.[03254‡4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0dj†Kz4^KMFA.N0i0I>TFA6565VuW[0I2P<?B„\^>HO54;V 0I>_03254 v`x>R8„O54w0I4JCw0I<S.5X
B34;.5B3>A8p894dFAO5<S.5XRB‚C;>R8389@56P0I4;O|UNW,B9@[email protected]\]>=O54JVS4JO,4;:A4J.N0IB;f
$'&
0
3
%3
;
)
1 ! <9(.*,/10# $ 8-0 * (+ &
S< :R4;. >R@58\^>HOP4JVz`x>A870I254,O54w0I4;C;0I<S>R. >A`L2q@5\vFZ.5BKM4TFA894(65894J6GFA894JO 0I>€C;>R\]6P@P0I4(03254 „FACJC;>R83OP<?.5X„0I> f *3Pf wf <?XA@58343Pf „O54;65<?Cw0IB FA.‡4]PFA\^65V?4‚OP<?B90383<SU5@P0I<S>R.}>A`m0I254k6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<u0/W
0I25FZ0zFiC;4J8n0EFA<S.^\^4dFZB3@5894J\^4J.N0M<SBCdFA@PB34JO]UNW^Fi2q@5\]FA.^U5V?>=CEbq<?.5XD03254LCJV?>AB34JBn0 >RU5B90IFACJVS4‚<?.}0I2P4p\]FA6gf
‚25<SBLOP<?B90383<SU5@P0I<S>R.(<SB‚O54 .P4JO1UNW K F4
E
M
*3Pf 3
K
0
3
%3
!
%$'& ( *
%&
!#
( $'& *%
E+
$ !
1
0.9
0.8
%&
probability
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
100
200
300
400
500
measured distance [cm]
(*),+.-/0-/ - 2546#88)9),:%<; E
= & ?.,# 6#A*:N.BS6#8IE:,B : )9IE:#KDB
8CBJ)9K.+ 8,6'#B
R8 T
N-F#K
"
&
N.BJK :NB FHB
#I.47B
)9IE:#KDBO)9IP= /- . 0325<?B}4f]PFA\]6PV?4(0I2P4T6m>RB9<S0I<S>R.">A`L0I2P4T89>RUm>A0‡<?B‡FAB9B3@5\^4JO 0I>tUm4,b=.P>yKk. FA.5O 0I2P4TOP<?B90IFA.5C;4
834;B3@5Vu0I<S.5X}0I>}0I254i.54f]=0p>AU5B90IFACJVS4h<S._0I254i\]FA6_<?B1)3‡C;\|f
>cB3@P\]\]FA83<SeJ4ZjƒKz4T<?.N0I89>HO5@PCJ4JO <?.0325<?B‡B34;C;03<?>R.0/Kz>lO5<o4;834J.N0 Vu0I4J89B‡4JB36m4JC;< FAVSVSWO54JB9<?XR.P4JO
`x>R8~OP4;0I4;C;03<?.5X}6589> ]P<S\]<u0/W^B34J.PB3>R8‚\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.N0IB‚CJ>A8383@P6P0I4;[email protected]\^>HO54;V?4;O_>RU5B90IFACJVS4JB;f ‚254 83Bn0
Vu0I4J8;jACJFAV?VS4J
O 6 jR<?BUGFAB94JO‡>R.703254‚FAB9B3@5\^6P0I<S>R.7032GFZ0 03254~B925>R8903.54JB9Bƒ>A` B34;.5B3>R8 834dFZO5<?.5XAB
O5<S834JCw0IVuWvC;>R83894JB36m>R.5OPBk03>}0I254„6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<u0/W‡0I2GFZ0M0I254wW,FA834„CJFA@[email protected]\^>HOP4JV?4;O_>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4JB;f ‚254
[<SBUGFAB94JO >A. F€6589>RUGFAUP<?V?<SB903<?CdFZV?VSW[CJ>R89834JCw0^\]>=O54JVz>A`L0I254,B3<u0I@GF 0I<?>A."KM4_KMFA.N0^03>
O54w0I4JCw0df G>R8ƒ0I25<SBz65@P836m>RB34ZjHKz4 83Bn0~f4 ]H034J.5OP4JO,>R@58 B34;.5B3>R8M\]>=O54JV <S.q0383>=O5@5C;4JO(<S. H4;C;0I<S>R. )Hf Pf <S.
>R89O54J8 0I>7C;>R.5B9<?O54;8Mbq.5>%KkV?4;O5XR4„FAUm>R@P0 0I2P4Y65894JB34;.5CJ4„>Z`†2q@5\vFZ.5BJf ~FZB34JOv>R.v0I2P<?B 4 ]=0I4;.5O54JO,B94J.5B9>R8
\^>HO54;Vjq<S0z<?BzB9038IFA<SXR2N03`x>R8nK~FA89Ov0I>7CJ>R\^65@P034p0I2P4Y6589>RUGFAU5<SV?<u0/W}0I2GFZ0~FsC;4J890IFA<?.vB34J.PB3>R8‚\^4dFAB9@5834;\]4;.N0
<?BMCdFA@5B94JO,UNW_F2q@5\]FA._<?.(`x89>R.N0‚>A`F\^>HO54;V?4;O(>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4Af B~4 ]H6m4JCw0I4JOoj 03254„834;B3@5Vu0I<S.5X Vu0I4J89B‚FA894
:R4;89W,B9<?\^<?V FZ8 xCJ>R\^6GFA8904 <?XR@P8304 3Pf 3‡FA.5O <?XR@P83"4 3Pf f
‚254h.54 ]=0pB34JCw0I<S>R.|<SBkCJ>R.5C;4J89.54JOTKk<S0I2T4J\^65<S83<?CJFAVo4w:ZFAV?@GF 0I<?>A.5B‚<?VSV?@5Bn0I8IF 0I<?.PXs0I2P4hC;>R.5B94 [email protected]
>A`Q0I254 Vu0I4J89Bƒ>R.^03254k6Q4;89`x>R89\vFZ.5CJ4k>A`Q0I254pa1FA89bA>%:^V?>=CdFAVS<?eJFZ0I<S>R.76589>HC;4JO5@P834Af ‚2P4;W^FA894LC;>R\^6GFA834;O
Kk<S0327894JB36m4JCw0*0I> F g0I2P4J<?8 FAU5<SV?<S0/WY>A`GbZ4J4J6P<?.5XY038IFACEbh>A`503254M89>RUm>A0 B6m>RB9<S0I<S>R.h<?.7OP4J.5B94JVSWs6m>R65@5V?FZ0I4;O
4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0IBLFA.PO xU M0I254;<?8kFAU5<SV?<u0/W^03>‡834JC;>%:R4J8L`x83>R\ B34;83<?>A@5Bk4JB903<?\]FZ0I<S>R.v`{FA<SV?@5894JB;f
1
0
3
3
%3
%3
,
L
O
3
#
! ! D) ' ('! "$ w' $
†>HCJFAV?<SedFZ03<?>R. @5B3<S.5X 032544;.N0I83>A6qW VS0I4;8_K~FAB1F C;4J.N0I83FAVhCJ>R\^6Q>A.54J.N0T>A`703254t0I>R@58
/XR@P<?O54t83>AUQ>A0
O54;65V?>%WR4;O}<?.h0I254 D4J@P03B3CE254;Bƒa|@5B94J@5\ M>R.5.gf C;CJ@583FZ0I4‚FZ.5O7894JV?<?FAU5VS4 VS>HCJFAV?<SedFZ03<?>R.DKMFABCJ83@PCJ< FZVq`x>A8
0I2P<?B†6589> 94JCw0djZFAB†\vFZ.qWY>A`=0I254ƒ>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4;BgKM4;834 9<?.N:=<?B9<?U5VS4 M03>k0325483>AUQ>A0 B†B94J.5B9>R83B {4Zf XPfdXRV FZB3B†CdFZXR4JB;j
\^4;0EFZV U5FA83B;jgB90IFA<?89CdFAB94JBJjoFA.5O103254}FAVS<?bZ4 wf D.5VSW_032583>A@5XR2€FAC;CJ@583FZ0I47V?>=CdFAVS<?edF 0I<?>A._CJ>R@5VSO[CJ>AV?V?<SB3<S>R.5B
Kk<S032(0I25>AB34i>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4JB‚Um4iFd:R>R<SO54JO xB34J4 H4;C;03<?>R. f f „._03254„>A0I2P4J8‚2GFA.POgjP0I2P4„83>RUm>A0‚>A` 034J._KMFAB
CJ<S83C;@5\7:R4;.N0I4JO}UNWhO5>Re;4J.5B >A`G6m4J>R65VS4AjZ<f 4Afuj 03254M4;.q:=<S83>R.5\^4J.N0K~FAB25<?XA25VSW„OHWH.5FA\]<SCAf pB3<S.5X„a|FA83bZ>y:
V?>=CdFZV?<?eJFZ0I<S>R.„Kk<S0324J.N0I89>R6NW Vu0I4;83BJjA>R@58*FZ656583>RFACE2‡V?4JO7>R.5VSWi03>„FDB3<S.5XRV?4 B3>Z` 0/K~FA894 …834JV?FZ0I4;O}CJ>RVSV?<SB3<?>A.gj
Kk25<SCE2c<S.N:R>RVu:R4JOcFA. 9<S.N:H<SB3<SU5V?4 (>RU5Bn0EFAC;V?4}FA.POtKk2P<?CE2€K~FZBhCJFA@5B94JOcUqW[F_V?>=CdFAVS<?edF 0I<?>A.|4;8383>A8Y0I2GF 0
KMFABYB9V?<?XA2q03VSW_V?FA83XA4J8‚0I2GFZ.[F 3ACJ\B3FZ`x4;0/W|\vFZ83XR<S.gfM-/.10325<?BLFA6P65V?<SCdFZ03<?>R.gjG>A.5VSW(0325474;.N0I83>A6qW Vu0I4;8
KMFAB~@5B94JOgf ‚254p0/KM>6P83> H<?\^<S0/W Vu0I4J89BzKz4J894DO54;:A4JVS>R6Q4;O(6m>RB90z`{FAC;03>5jHU5FAB34;O_>R._FA.vFA.GFAVuWHB9<?B >A`†0I2P4
CJ>AV?V?<SB3<S>R.‡834J6m>R8n0I4JO(FAUQ>%:A4AjP<S.(FA.(FZ03034J\^6P0z03>65894;:R4;.N0‚B3<S\]<SV FA864 o4;C;0IBM<?.]`x@H0I@5894Y<?.PB90EFZV?V F 0I<?>A.5BJf -/.
0I2P4v4 H6m4J89<?\^4J.N0IBOP4JB3C;83<SUQ4;O<?.0325<?BhB34;C;03<?>R."Kz4(>R.5VuWt834;6Q>R8n0703254v4w:AFZV?@GFZ03<?>R.PBs>A`M0I254(OP<?B90IFA.5C;4
Vu0I4J8;jQUm4JCJFA@5B94KM4C;>[email protected]>A0 .5OtFA.NWTB3<SXR.5< CdFA.N0YO5< Q4J894J.5C;47Um4;0/Kz4J4J.t0I2P47O5<SB90EFZ.5CJ4 VS034J8DFZ.5O
0I2P4sU5VS>HCEb FAXA4 VS034J8 f ‚2q@5BYFAV?VgC;>R.5C;V?@5B9<?>R.5B‚Kz4sOP8IFdK`x>R8‚03254iO5<?Bn0EFA.5C;4 VS0I4;8‚CdFA.|UQ4„038IFA.5Bn`x4J894JO
0I>}03254iU5V?>=CEb FAXR4 Vu0I4J8;f
‚254,4;:=<?OP4J.5C;4(`x83>R\ 0I254_\7@5B34;@5\<SB65@5894JVSW"FA.54;CJO5>A0IFAV
f ~FZB34JO >R.B94J.5B9>R8‡OGFZ0IF1CJ>RVSV?4;C;0I4;O
O5@589<?.5X~03254ƒ\@5B94J@5\03>R@58 /XR@5<SO54 6P83> 94;C;0djyKz4zFZV?B3>‚<S.N:R4JBn0I<SXNFZ0I4;Oh03254\^4J83<u0g>A`H>R@58 VS0I4;8o0I4;CE25.5< =@P4JB
\^>R834[BnW=B90I4;\vF 0I<?CJFAV?VuWRjkFA.PO @5.5O54;8_4;:R4;. \^>R89414 =03834J\^4€CJ>A.5O5<S03<?>R.PBJf -/. 6GFA8n0I<?C;@5V FZ8Jj~Kz4tKz4J894
<?.N034J834;B9034JO1<S.(0I254iVS>HCJFAV?<SedFZ03<?>R.]834JB9@5VS03BifJfJf
fif;fJf9Kk2P4J.(0I2P4Y4J.N:=<?89>R.5\^4J.N0z<?B O54J.5B94JVuW]6m>R65@PV FZ034JO x\]>A834‚0I2GFZ. >Z`g0I254LB34;.5B3>A8~834JFAO5<?.PX
FA894„CJ>R8983@56H0I4JO LFA.PO
)Hfif;fJf9Kk2P4J.(0I2P4Y83>AUQ>A0zB3-@ o4;83BM4 =0I834;\]4pO54dFZO /894JCEbA>A.5<?.5X74J8389>R83B {<S.5O5@5C;4JO(UNW]Fs6m4J89B3>R.(CJFA838nW <S.5X0I254i89>RUQ>Z0kB3>R\^4;Kk254;834h4JVSB34 f
,
!
$#"%$#"'&
(
')('+*-,.)-*
~Kz>TO5FZ0EFAB94;03BDKM4;834}@5B94JOt<?.[>A@58DCJ>A\]6GFZ83<?B9>R.gjQUQ>A032[>A`ƒKk25<SCE2[KM4;834}834;CJ>R89O54JOt<S.10I254}\7@5B34;@5\|j
FA.5O,Kk25<SCE2|\]FA<?.PVSW^O5< Q4J894JOTUNW(0I254hFA\^>[email protected]>A`O5<[email protected];f
f ‚254 89B90LOGFZ0IFAB34w0‚K~FZBLC;>RV?VS4JCw0I4JO,O5@P83<?.P,X )Hf }25>A@583Bk>A` 83>AUQ>A0k\^>A03<?>R.gj=<?.(Kk2P<?CE2,0I254i83>AUQ>A0
038IFd:R4;83B34;O FABh\@5CE2"FZB j ,\]4w0I4;83BJf ‚254vC;>R83894JB36m>R.5OP<?.5X|6GFZ0I2>A`~03254]89>RUm>A0h<?BhB325>%Kk.
<S. <SXR@5894 3Pf F f ‚25<?BsOGFZ0IFTB94;07KMFABC;>RV?VS4JCw0I4JOtKk254;."0I254^\@5B94J@5\ KMFABCJVS>RB34;Ogj*FZ.5O
03254p89>RUm>A0MXA@5<?O54;Ov>R.PVSW}894J\^>A0I4L<?.N0I4;83.54w0 :H<SB3<u0I>R89Bƒ032583>A@5XR2]03254Y\7@5B34;@5\|f ‚254Y89>RUQ>Z0 B 03>R6
B96Q4;4JO_K~FZB‚FAB~VS>yK FZB AC;\ ZB94JC 0I>\]FAbZ4Y0I254Y83>RUm>A0zV?>=>Rb‡\]>R894Y894dFAVS<?B903<?C‚`x>R8 l4;UT@PB34J89B f
0/
$'&( 54 9,<6( CB 571+(*D 8;:71+&=1+&C(;1+&D(*)+&4 5 )(@1 1+4 CM BC571+(*D) ,5 =4 )1 1&(), =(;D(*, :7.<A) ,6) 1&( ?:>) 1,. @('BC571+(@D
8;:71+& +1 &("1&D(*)+&465 +) (%1;14 CM M
1
32
54%6
879
?7@9
A:
BB
;:
<
8=
!=
7
>7
4
;
Duration: 2 hours
Distance: 1000 meters
Duration: 4.8 hours
Distance: 1540 meters
(*),+.-/0-/- 2 :NI 6#A :N.B :#IEBQ:I6#8:#)9KB
N.BJKR:N.BOF IEB
F
:E4 ON.6 47IQ
#I
!"# $%&
'%)(*,+!-.%/0%)
"
,6 IEB
# K 8
# "
# 47)9K.+,CB
-.%#2103+!#1&34-.3#56
%7
8+-.9:-/0-;(.<#-=>#21.?
)@?1AB.+!3? 9 C
-=>D
E3
F-G
HI-.%J"K>
IL
F+3+%) ? M
-+
-.+ N/0+!O-G +!-.94-8/&-,-.%P
+-B.
Q%RI+-;>?/
8L8 8I-.##,I
+,%BS3:"T'+VU&IW
-+X-.%8
Y/&-!ZI+!-;>D;18+%B
Y%)+W@
9,-.%[? \
%
I-.#,#I,%B0
]VL[
D+!-.94-''G+^%)#1<G_IP>
`,-.%]'#,#,!+M%
AB.+!"3? %
a,B.+!03?+)@? b-.373:M%H
SL!>
-
MVL!cI-.%,d]-GK#,-B.>-Ge-*-./0+d1N%<#5!+ f+%B.
I/
/!I?
%+]!I"%cI-.##,I7>
,#,8
+-94-S/0-;(.N
+-.B
<
O/$/<?c!,%Bg
b,/0b!L/&3>%7
C#-.B.#,#4dc
"(.O94%
d
l Smn? +!!O
I-%,%o/0-.+!0
%
3)@ a%o
&!I-.%F$/0-.+!0
%8 3 7#,+C!I"%? ++p/&"1g%-I
-%#1D
]-9!I#Y
-;>%H%&9#,ILTq,%/AB.+13? +]I#,#21q!
I-%Ih,%Q+!"# i/&O/D#,-.%M-.%h7j-
7
kj@3+!I S#+
G-.+#-@I#,m",-.%6r)
8-
+p+O2
+,%)(*,!,9#-+I-.#<%->948IM+!#,,9#21.?
A,B+(3@? )h
-;>E
`!,/&s34+I%)LB.`-GCI-.++!3\%-.+N+!"%B.H-;(+H/&
G-.+O94-
oL!? R
F#,,%0I-.++!!34-.%$-7
+dDVL<!C>
,#g
R!-.#,t#,%
,##,d+A
SI-++3-.%g-G[
c!I-.%
#2G
-G##A/0"!+/&%)8
#,-.%B.+ AL8"?euf%g
SI-.%R"/0-.+
%
+0I-.+!+3hG-.+b*%v+-.%b-GY/&?
!&%/D9:+!
+!Rd/RO-.%#214rK
1Qp+!H-.9,%o9)1o%#21@m,%B7"IL
F#5!+O+",%BMC-<>
+D
c!,B.%
I%)#1&
-.+!+
%7
8,dL%Ib-q
8%!*c-9!I#?
a-R(#,8
C 4+!%)'#-@I#,m",-.%R/&
-*]^%2(.#21.p$G_IM
$3+!-.9#,/w-G
+!/&%,%Bh
3P#,-*I",-.%q-G'
M+-94-&&[
+%)R34-.%)g,%J,/0? c%G-.+d%#1.
&%(*+-.%/0%)$%Q
0
+Cm0-G
h#,-*I"V,-%&G-.+N#,#
&L!C3+!-.
9tII+&/0"+!/0%)O-G
v%-+</0"!+/&%)]3:I5##1J>
%x
Q+!-.94-H<%
L
O
Denesely populated
Sparcely populated
Noise [%]
60
40
20
1000
4000
7000
10000
13000
16000
Time [sec]
(*),+.-/0-/ - 2 BQ4 DBJK:+#B 6#A K6 )9I IEBJKIE6#4FTB
#I.4BJFHBJKL:I #BQ4+#B
6#BQ4:) FHBO)9KL:EBQ4 PI 6#A#B FT)9K.:EBJIQ
/0--.%6?suf%
#,I
-.+!+g-o!,/&E
6
F-Gb
</&
-*0,%J
h+3+%)2(.P+!G+!%IP3:-.2,-%qG+-./
I#-.#1Pb34-9#,C
+!-.B.
QI"+G#eI-./03+!,-%`-G
b#,-.d"?
-.+
+dH@3:+!,/0%)"p
<!I-.%sR>
%
M+-94-
-.+8
E3:-.2,-%OpH/&%##1Q+!/&%t
H+!-.9:- $#-@I-.%o
D%-$,%v/0-,-.%6?
%)(*,+!-.%/0%)"?
Y-
+X@34+/&%ap
!%!-.+8I% g+-.9:-
b3
6Z%Q
-.%#1b%D-SI,Y>
%C
Y+-.9:-
X34-,-.%
pI"q
,]I-.%`,M%-b%QIL
h
,B.
#21<II+D+G+!%Iq34-.!,-.%4p
p+$9#'-0B.%+
3$3 3!1
3
%%R%3:%%)q+!%CG-+$"IL
'#4%3:I,-%H-G
G-.+>9:-
7S9)17;(+B.,%B&-;(.+S
O!,/&-G
#+O-.%o
R
]+#2/&c9:#,(c
>
o/&##Y+%-/
,!+9%In?
'+!#%B$+!G+%Ib#,-*I"V,-%Yp+!
,%<I-.++!Ic%MII+8%-.B.
[?
^
$#"%$#"
' _
,
+)"! $
*
#% &
* ) '
)
$)( < !)(+/9! !+* 07*,/9!)(-, $&&<19(
7! <9&./ (.!
uf%`-.+.+db+'-GW!@34+,/0%)4pDp+$,%)+dh%MI-./&3+%B&
q9#,2f1E-GY##Z
+
33+-)IL
/s3#5%<lM+T-;(M#-@I#,m",-.%6@#,-*I"#,m-.%R>
M
C%+-.3)10.#+[%M#,-*I"#,,m21
-.%E>
7
C,!%I3.#2+/
-0T3M+ILTE-GA
C+!-.94-
S3:-.!-.%E%+]%-.+/&#[p-.+T%B
I-%,-.%?
4
/
##6
+!D33+-.IL
>p-.+T`%I#21HG-.++ILT,%Bg
C+!-.94-
c3:-.2-.%N,%N
O/03f1N/D1
.+!SVL!
n@
9,%Bq-%#1R%B.#,B.9#,S+!+-.+!>,%N#,-*I"#,m-.%6?65
O+!#-.9,%
G-.+0
<I-.%6S/0-.+<IL
#,#%B,%Bh">
-;
9:-
7.#2+'1f9N33+!-)IL
>+ILTE
b+-.9:-
(.+cp+!`^M [+%)?
uf%so%
#,# 3:-.2-.%EII+#1.*>
+!">I-.%)(.%),-.%#
lM+!T-;(P#-@I#,m",-.%EG_#,<G+^%)#21`%6[
6
`2'9:%h`%P
$/D/
!@
,92"
p-.#,7,%(*9#1&
"(.O#,E-0q#5+!B.b%/D9:+>-GaI-.##,,!,-.%p>
N-.9!I#?
5A9#,
3?98<!/0/R+!,mD
<+!#g-.9@L%
,O%h
0G-.#,#-=>%BHL9#,Z
-G:5A9#,
G-.+D
< [+%&33+-)IL
&0!T?
uf%
&
v%,!G1*%B<+!!#C%t#,B.
)1iB.+1.?5
+.+!$+-;
3?98O3+-;(*,S
C3:+!I%B.O-GAG_,#,+G-+>
8 4+!%).#+>-.%N
3.+!!c
;
7S-.%
A#+
8/
G_,#,+ G_,#+ 1 (/J1
: 0/
: :
8/98
: 8 / : 9,#,2f1g-g+ILTR
8+!-.94-
34-.!,-.%6?
!X-.2-.%
I-.%&.%IM%+d(#,n?
',!%I
5A9#,?98 4
_++!-.+q(#,0+!3+!!%)
: /
e%)+-31
!,/&q
+MI-.%!,+
dG_#,+! R2GK
Cd,/&P#-@I-.%N(*5VPG+!-./w
C+G+%Iq3
P9)1</&-+C
%
#"d!$!I-.%?
G-.+
5
'34+I%)LBb,
#,-!B),%!Y-#:,/0c-G6
]L?
4
/0"+!E,%0/&S+!,%B$>
,IL
H
]3:-.2,-%&
I%E9:]%N
+#,#
+'33+!-)IL
%q
>,dL%I.#+e3+!-;(@e
94!Y3:+!G-+/&%I?
5
>I-.%&+!-=
-.%0
cI-.%HL!?#"\
,#S3#5%Rl<+T-=(&#,-*I"#,,m-.%$G_#,&%$
?
H?
5
c+!#pI-.%&.+!/
8 8 <1&8& * / 3 / !)-'&
$<9 (+
-G[
]-;(.+##,/0
-GS
N [+%&33+-)IL
g
%\
`!,/&
+-.%
7I-/&3@
<"(+B.
8 8
v+!G+%IQ34-,-.%R-G8
34-,-.%HH
5
.+!
+-;8#,9:#,
$*B.(Y
8+G+%I83:-.2-.%?#+c+!b
8B)3E9:fp%MI-.%)(.%),-.%#Al<+T-=(
"(.+B.8!%I'G+!-./
#,-*I"#,,m-.%g%E-+33+-)IL
-.b3:-.!-.%
OII+I1N-Ga
5
'!I-%N+-;8#594#,
$,!
-;>
]/0]++-+
10[I-.%!,+<$G_#,+!?:5
O+!"+/&;1&%-,I
.#+IL
%^*]
,B
+
%E
8B.+!,N+-.#-.%E-G8
$. I//
$
#5+B.?
>+
A#+
, I//
5a9#5@?6 4
*
'/)(* &.$ / -/ (
I-.%EL?5
!](#,+S3+-;(*,H,%5A9#,*?*?
"(.+B.<-%#10G-.+
-+T&p## .#2+XIL
%^W+!p+!-.9deB.,%dA!IL
qI-++3-.%?
uf%J-.++q-Q(#H
7II+I1
eI#,%s+!+-.+!E94f
>I-.%!I+!c
")>
#,SlM+T-;(g#-@I#,m",-.%De3+-%S-OG_,#%
B.
#1'1*%/0,IY%)(*,+-%/&%).
pfp-
*
I/
3+-;(*,e
G_,#,+
9:-
+.#+eIL
%,^
-=x#,/0-.!W^*#4+!!#%K%&9:-
&I"!@
SG_#,+!+S
8
-S-.%
8
e%+-.3)1
(/J1
021 B
1(/
: <
0/ 4: B
(/J1
: I/<?
'!%I
8 8 3/ (/ : II+I17>+G+!%IC3:-.2-.%,%EL!SuuL?
/177&! *,!#$"98 43 ( 5X-M
v#,B.
)8-.%)-N
&^!-.%vO-<>
)1olM+T-;(t#-@I#,m",-.%<34+!G-.+!/&O-73:-@-.+!#1P>
%
I-/&3+E-D
.#2+#,B.-+
/0)
1
O%#1*mE
8%-+S+!",%B.p
>IL
7/&
-*EI-.%
+!H+%B$#-@I#,m",-.%6?;:'9)(*,-.#1@3#5%HlM+T-;(&#,-*I"#,m-.%DI-%+!##:!%!-.+
+!"
1
L
O
,%B.?5
'-
+.#+pIL
-@-'+!"%B$!#I(#1%E%E!/&3Y-
.#+Y-.+!",%B.Y
V
+!OI-.++!3791H%-.,!?
final position
final position
_
Distance at final position: 19 cm
Certainty at final position: 0.003
Distance at final position: 1 cm
Certainty at final position: 0.987
final position
"
Distance at final position: 1 cm
Certainty at final position: 0.998
( )9+.-/0-/J/0-@IE:)9F:EB
#KR4B
:NIP6#A :NBO46#8C6#: ,6 K.+ )9:N JB K C6 )9KL:I 6#A )9KL:EBQ+#4:EB
IEBJKIE6#4
FH
B #I .4BJFHBJKL:I I7)9K.+ # K.6 9:EBQ4 8 # BJKL:E46 ,:EBQ4 #K # )9IE:#KDB ,:EBQ4J"
"
"
A,B+?98 &!
-;>:G-.+SR&!/R#,#6G+I-.%7-GA
$VL
C/0"!+/&%)]I-.%!,+M91
2
+>-GA
8/&
-*?
,%)-]
+-.9:-
WIL
.B+83#->-.%#21R
-.O/0"!+/&%S
>p+C,%I-.+3:-.+
5
3:-.%K
"(.9:%gB.%+q9)1Dd-.+!,%Bc
!%!-.+e/0"!+/&%
K9:#,Gk?
I-%+!RG-.+Y#,-*I"#,,m-.%D+,%B$"IL
H+%R%H3#,-!,%B8
+W%H3:-.%
6 *021 0212 3
3$3 3!1
3
*?5
G-*IO
,+DV%),-%o-.%o
3 %0 3
0
.B.+!S,#,#!+]
S94-
%.#2+>33+!-)IL
]/&%B.'-
!+!,B.
) M%-+D/&+/0%)K>
+"DI-.%)(%)-.%#>l<+T-=(
#,-*I"#,,m-.%O,%I-.+3:-.+Ve/&!(S/&-%)e-G4I-.+!+3@
-;(.+9:-
3.#2+Z
-;
3
!,/0,#5+49:
"(*,-+?
_/0,!#,",%B Z/0"!+/&%)?Yl7-.+ 1
X#,!-cI%C9:W%D%5a,B.+!
4
? 8 =94-
3.#+'1i9
33+-)IL
]3+-*IC/&-+OII+VO+!#'%M
B.
+>I+!,%)f17,%N
CI-.++!Ic3:-.2,-%NG-+
,e/03#?Auf%gG_I".
3#5%0lM+!T-;(g#,-*I"#,m-.%OG_,#,$-8T30+ILTD-G:
+!-.9:-
-.%H!
-.+!#1HG+
e34-91
b%N-GZ
/03#?5
8+#2/&-.%!+'
-+>33+!-)IL
I#,8/DIL
<9:!+-03:-.3#57%71*%/0,I'%)(@+-.%/&%S
%<lM+!T-;(N#,-*I"#,,m-.%6?
$#"%$#"F$
4
6"
,
,
&
) , + ' +' ') ,
) ' , +
,3*
T17(%)LBO-Ga
8-.+B.,%# lM+!T-;(N#,-*I"#,,m-.%&IL
%,^O#,,,%N2S9#,f1g-
*+/0>#,-*I"#,m-.%CG_#,+!?>#-@I#,m",-.%$G+WbG_,#,+e-G%&/0-.+
G+-/
B.#-.9#4#,-*I"#,m"V,-%&G+-/
U0I#e
%
I+IL
6%Ib
O+!-.9:->
-
8.?>IS
>2I++!%)]9:#,Ga-@S%->+ I]2+#
@?>B.#-.9##10+ 1f!L9#,
N!LVOG+!
#,-*I"V,-%E%
+?
.#2+'1f9F33+!-)IL
q,%I-.+3:-.+&%-.+qVLM!#,I(.#1eC,D%-DI#"+O
V
j@%IR
1Ed,##6/&,%)L,%R
O9,#f1g-0+I-;(.+SG+!-./
B#,-.9#[#,-*I"#,,m-.%&G_,#,+?
H) .461+( :7.! ( %1+:46. M 1 M #" 4 ED : =J5( =(@.A1,91+:46. 43%$ ,D 64'& 54 @,657:F*,1+:46. %4 .C)+: ?(*D) 46.C5)( ,-D,. ?4
1+4=54 @,5:F@( 1+&(D4 L41;:. D+(G, 5)*1: =(6M
'7
54
3 0 3
'4
2
=
=
=
6
54
4
87
7 =
)+E C)+(%1
2
"
;
:'+$!3:+!,/0%)O%+D%-+/&#e-.3:+V,-%tI-.%2,-%8,t%-C#,"t-<IL
tG_,#+8G-+
Ofp-.#2+>IL
%,^r4
*
C/R%#,#1R,%)+!-@IMIL
MG_,#+,%)-g
CVLq-gd
$+-9!%!'-GK
!$/0
-@c%<
C!@+/&?]l7-.+C3:I9.I"#,#1,%7-.+S@34+/&%cp
d#,
1f3:-.+!
3:-.,%)%H/&]-g-
+>#,-*I",-.%?:5XIL
%,I"#,#1
,
D
8+-.9:->V>+%-./
-.%79)1FIL
%B.%B`
N+-94-
q-+,%)L,-.%F9)18
(/3 B:0B.+<%
!
G,%B`2q9)1
::I/7
5
!E34+!+9,-.%Cp+R,%)+!-@Io+%-./&#21.X>
o
>
-.$#,%BN
&+-.9:-CT*%-=8?
3+!-.99#,2f1R-G#
:'9(*-.#21.!IL
P,%I,%)S/RTb
O+-94-
34+S/0+>-GA+-.9:->/0--.%6?
#,-b34-,-.%[?
M 4+%)#1hI-.++!3F(.+!-.%q-G>9:-
oL? 5
+#2C%8-L#-G@/&-+A
% 34-,-.%cG_,#+6,%8"IL
CVL!"?
-.+6IL
C-G@
!WG_,#,+
pS/0"+!q
,/0 %),#
/&
-*e+!#,-*I"#,,mO
>+-94-KI-.+!+I#21.? >
#-@I#,m",-.%8 WIL
/&
-*o
D!F-.%
!/0D-'
"(.!II0G
!L%I9:fp%q
!,/&D34-,-.%C%D
3
7
>/&##,+p
%
I/
8 qI-.%?
G-.+/0-.+!'
%
A#+
+!G+%I
-c-.%
e%)+-31
'!L%I
b>u
+!I
!I G_#,+!
8 8 0/
/
2< 1
8
:
/
1
1
/
B
b>uu
+!I
!I G_#,+!
1
1(/ 1
8 &8 <
:
0/
2
B:
5A9#, ?3 pj@/0/R+!1&-GA+!I-=(+d1<!@34+,/0%)?
5A9#, ?373+!-;(@C+#,-*I"#,m"V,-%P+#28G-.+b
g(+-.8/&
-*C%hG-.+b
gf
G+!%)O?
+c+
+I
+3+%)C
g;(+B.D/&$,%`I-.%8%Q-N+I-;(.+bG+-./
<!-.%`>
%t
&34-.!,-.%`
$#-.!O0-M</&%#,#21P%+-*Io3:+d+!9,-.%6?
+#2O+!q+/&+!T9#1< 4+!%)bG+-/
2,-%?
-
JI-.%)(.%),-%#clM+!T-;(J#,-*I"#,m"V,-%v%
7!*%,-%
*+!/0H3:-.2,-%,%B7+!+-.+!q,%o
.+!!qL!
3.+d
?3 ?5
8%,!G_I-+!1H3:+dG-.+/&%I'-GZ
b%)+!-.3)17.#+%R
@3:+/&%)
,]D-E
$G_Ib
'8#2"1*'+!,]-EI-.%&.+!/
qI++!%)89:#,GW-GW
q+-.9:-[>
,IL
Q
>+-%BD,%&
'I]-GZ-.+p/R%#,#1g%)+-*IH3:+d+!9,-.%,_!'
'/03#,S9:#,-;
3:+I%)LB.b-G G_#,+!
I-.%&.+!/&p
+#2
33+-)IL
C>
-.:.#+=>
,#Y
4
B),%[*
b,dL%I
.#2+
1
!,%Bh,dL%I-.#+!
>
+"]
O%)+-.3)10.#+'1i9!P33+-.IL
P,c%<-.++]-GA/RB.%8#,cU0I%)
,%-5a9#
5
0+!!#b-.9L,%h%+8%-+/&#A-.3:+-.%#aI-.%
+!H+#5(.#1hU0I,%)q%v+I-;(.+%B`G+-./
+-;
1
-<G
n?5
,p#,B.
)#21094+
%)+-313.#2+a34+!G-.+!/&X3:-@-.+!#1b%$!IL
q2,-.%?
%
5
L
O
1
+#2bG-.+'
0;(+B.q/&D-7+!I-=(+8G+-./
-.>,%q
.+dWL?5
>94--/
+-;
G_,#+'-.%Q
g!I-%oVL!C+q!,/0,#,+S-
"!e#,>%-
3+-;(*,e
>3:+I%)LB.>-G4G_,#,+?
1
Z
p(#X,%I#,W#,-*I"#,m"V,-%]G_,#+ W-c/R%#,#1c,%)+-*I$3:+d+!9-.%
#,-*I"#,,m-.%EG_,#+]$-H
qI-.+!+3@`!%!-.+8/&+/0%)b,%M
,'L!?5+S+!6
!L%I
.#2+1f9733+-)IL
<3:+dG-.+/0B.% .I"%)#21H9:!+
%N94-
7-
+S33+!-)IL
?
$ & * ! $ / $" '/ (+&.$ & 7/
3 * !)(+/ 8:
,
*,(+ &
AB.+ @? 8 N#,#,!+'
g/&,%PG+O-Gp
g%)+-.3)1h%Q
&!%I .#2+?guiO
-;>
S
+ u -9: q9:% 3#,IF,%)-P
H/D/ %F+!I(0
.-@`!I"%[?9\
" ,#O
$!/RVM34-.!,-.%7I-.+!+3:-.%'-R
O+!D#,-*I"V,-%<-Ge
$+!-.9:-'%
.+!SI# '%
_In
O+!-.9:->
>9:%7+-LN9)1 +#5(.'-g+!"#[34-.!,-.%E%
fp-h 4+%)g,-.%O>
+!
O!I-.%MI#9 %
_ n?
A,B? ?98 ?Yj@%-+]l7"!+/&%]!#,IM,%B0%)+-31-.#+ 9 %N%B0,dL%I
.#+ I n?
:'9(*-.#21.!-./&8-Ga
89:"/0>I-.+!+3:-.%<-g!LV,I8-.9!LI#,
c+!83+!S-GX
C/&36
>
+"C-
+!O+qIo9)1`
/&%?
4
8,%P
03+(*-.
+/0%)$+!q%-8!
-;>%tG-.+]
gTg-G
-+.#+!?
+#2S-GX
8f
I#5+!f1?
.B.+!a/&@,/D/
+%B.q/0"21
5
0
,%BE-Gp
g94/&b%I"'
5
C9#5ILTE#,%I-.+!+!34-%<-&!#,IM9:"/&>
+"]B.+!1N#,%
+!&
R9:"/0C>
IL
F+!.#2+!v-"?<uf%o
+.+dq2V,-%t%t>
IL
v
&34-.!,-.%h-G
+-94-
,p!,/&HI-++I#1&94-
7.#+!
-;x/&#5+W3:+dG-.+/&%I
5
1H!IIdG#,#21
-.D#,#Y/0"!+/&%D+ IJ9)1t-.9 !Iq%-DI-.%)L%F%o
R/R3
,%
RI"n?
!*
uf%
P!I-.%\2,-.%
,%
>
IL
>
IL
.#2+
+R
*/R%
M+-.9:-HR+!-Ls!-v
&
M94#,,G
$-@0%-g+ I0
E+!E!N-G>
7+!-.9:-"e
E%)+!-.3)1
.#+D!#,I0-%#1
-.>9:"/0K
VY+I#,-.!-b
,+e!3:IR!L%I>
,#,p
>!L%I>#-8IL
-*-.e
-.!
%-+c/0"!+/&%)>
,IL
<+!O#-.%B.+
%7!@34I6?
5
:
O
4+!%IC9:fp%`94-
%.#+>I"%M9:CIL
+I+!,m`G-.##,-;>?5
$%)+-31
.#2+Y#2"1*e+!,e-CI-.%&.+!/
>
#,
c!%I
_!5A,B+
>I++%)9:#,G:-G4
S+-.9:-
>
+W
W,W+B.
)W-.+e>+-.%B .#2+p#,-O##,-;>K
S%I-+3:-.+,-.%q-G[(.+!1g%#,,T#21q%-.+Y/0"!+/&%
@? 8 _ ?
$#"%$#"
'
5
h+#27-G$
Q
Df
)
,
,
)('
+
"+%) $
*
,3*
4+!%)M!@34+,/0%)<I-.%I
)
,
,%s
t/D/
*-,
+h/0/&+m\%
-NIL
+db9:#-=8?35
qIL
+!b+!3+!!%)8
g"(.+Bq34+I%)LB.g-GWG_#,+!c+%BH
[+%)C@3:+/&%)
_I-%&.%IH%)+d(#,O+!&-./0! ?/"\
,#D
+.+d$IL
+!CI-./03+
S#-@I#,m",-.%OG_,#+K/&-.%g
S@
%,I>
+ILT,%BO!@34+,/0%)
S!I-.%
IL
+dS
-;>>
bG_#,+!-.%N
O/&%##1&I-.+!+3@7
#,+! _+!I-=(+d1<!@34+,/0%)?
bSu
bL!>u!u
-c-.%
N4: -(#).47BJI N.B"$
#
;< 5
OT1EG+>-GX
O
e%+-.3)1
Q
_!SR
!I"#734-*-.+!#1
IL
+!?
bL!>u!u
;< ',!%I
0)($+ :N.B )'&CBQ4B"$::9:EBQ47I )($ :N.B*+.=>/?>@=>+,AB?>CBQ47) FHB"$:Q-
4+%)]33+-.IL
>!M
+8I%<9:8!MG-.##,-;>?
,
+!-.9d<B)%!E!*+/&Q#-@I#,m",-.%
@1@%/&I
bSu
& $6( $8:,*CB (.*$ /EDGF8H8IKJMLNHPO( &* /90
Q
',!%I
:9
-c-.%
N4: -(#).4BJI N.B"$
0)%$.+ :NB )'&CBQ4B"$L: ,:EBQ47IP)($ :NB*),+.-/10325476 B?>CBQ47)9FTB"$:Q-
8
!9
e%+-.3)1
#,+! #
"
!
+!*'
G_,#+HG8
`%)(*,+!-.%/0%)7,H%-N
,B.
#1
2GC
Q%-.+<
N
,B.
#1
I-.++!3
b7uuR%\94-
8
& $6( $8:,*CB (.*$ / (+/9 *( (1!#"<H%$>J&('*),+CH-#$
Q
9#,7-o+ILTF
P+-.9:-
R
Q
+!38
&34-.!,-.%J(%\,%
#,ILT
O9#,2f1&-0+!I-=(+>G+-./
,
,B.
#1
1*%/0,I7%)(*,+!-.%/0%)
SR
*+!/0O#-@I#,m",-.%0G_,#+_!
+d
_
'?
& $6( $8:,*CB (.*$ / (+/9 *( (1!.MF0/ H-1"3245),+CH-6$87c,
Q
834-.!,-.%Q(%v%t
,B.
#21P1*%/&I0%)(@+-.%
1
]+!-.9d8B)%!]*+!/0D#,-*I"#,,m-.%HG_#,+!S(.%Q,%P
B.
#21N1*%/0,I$%)(@+-.%
1
$9#,q-7+-9!#1P+ILT`
&+!-.9:-
/0%)
Q
/0%)
R
+!38
R
1
+!*'?
5
!>+!#K+!%I-.+B.%B? 5
1$,#,#!+e
A!3
+!C3+!-@I!`!#I(#1:
$,!%I
3:I . I#,#21H%+!!,%B0,%E
8#,,B
>-Ga
OG_I
S,%E
G+-/
.#+'
G_Ia
Ve%-.+A+",%B
.#2+1f9M33+!-)IL
P+!I-=(+!'/&-+OU0I%)#21EG+-./
*+/0E#,-*I"#,,m-.%h++!-.+D
%F
7I-.%)(.%,-.%#SlM+!T-;(
9!
86 >
,IL
[aII-+%BH-E
g+!# 5
33+-)IL
[?
.%%B.g+!
'@IL
bl7/w
8%)+-.3)1
-.#,Q
"(.g#,`-N34-*-.+'+!I-=(+d1
*+/08G_,#+?
9#"%$#";:
<
>=@?' >=) '
(
A= 'CBED
,
_
FHGJIKL#K/-M#K
"
#@N POQGQRS PT;S
VUXWZY JW'QGJ[
\O0GQWR
]
,
)
*
ZR
-S R 6GJY0WRP^_S-RO@GQR PGQRI`U PY%RPGJOY%S SaO;S
bO J S
]
cO0dS ZT;SaY@YZRPIZSbe fRSaY%T-K
"X]
#
"oR#,!-MI-.%IF@34+/&%$%t-.+$-U0I&%)(*,+!-.%/0%)D%t-.+!+O-7d$
H9,#,2f1
-GW
q,dL%I
.#+]IL
%,^D-E"#A>2
P
q3:I .Iq1*%/&I'
'f1*3,I#,#217-@II+b%
+S+!
c1*%/0,IY+!c/&%#1$I"!E9)1g+G+%,
,%B.?"tc!H-.+
IL
%^*,%$]T,%C-G -+!AI"!33#,,I-.% 5
/&-*#*-G
p%)(*,+!-.%/0%)e-.%#218I-.%),%
IL
H%)(*,+!-.%/0%)?
ig hkjlnmoqpr 7 2#sAs =3t m4uqlnvxw s 7 yj muaj 0s zZt#s%{ v =3s%| j}l~%o |7 p4~;j s'7€ v‚jƒm„jƒm s
rxo\~iu-rxv…w‰uajƒv…o |Št#s%{y‹ o { = u | ~ s uqlŒjym s o |s o 2 l s%{ &s 7ˆ‹ o { jƒm s;7 vlŽj}u | ~ s‡ r…j s%{‰
2
r…oZ~ 6 -u † s ‡ …r j is {ˆ{ys lnp4r‚j s'7 v | yj m s ƒl u =3s
1
f4\P*
%v-#,%0-G>
&-U0I
_A,B+
?98 '
? 4
/&3v-G
H%)(*,+!-.%/0%)q%I#,%B<
-*-.+%E
'G+%2+!]
VI"%N9:bI79)1R
b+-.9:-
,%
AB.+! ?98 _9 n?
#,++%B.1 . %+,
3I
Shelf
Shelf
Shelf
FHGJIKfL#K/
+#K> Z ^JS-TWZU
JO;SaY%S
IZY0S # ZR5GQRbWZYWZY\O;S
# T0S-RPT;WZY@Y0S
GQRITGQR P
G &SaY0S-RO
"X]
JW\O0GQWRPTWZUHO0dSˆS-R26GJY0WR^_S-R4OaK
"
/&3#I%Y-G4
S#5!+e+%B.1 .%+eLT%RW[+%)Y#,-*I"V,-%K,%q
>%)(*,+-%/&%)
a,B.+! ? 8
+!<!
-;>%s,%
?xj@%-.+&+",%B+.#2+
-.H+73#,-
%
B.+!1?
4
RI%
%h,%P
g3#,-6!%!-.+O/&+!/0%)b+! Io9)1P
DG+!%+g+!qII!G#,#1
9:
.#+
-.Cb
g+-.9:-8/0-=(8
+!-.B.
Q
&%(*+-.%/0%)?0uiO!
-.#t9:g%-t
8,%h++qI"
-.+033+-)IL
.#+q%-.+&/&+/0%)?
G_#,$-tI-.++!I#1
5
,gI"%J
334%
9)1v</&#,#e!
#2G q
uiG
&+-.9:-C3!q!IL
/& !-.+O3+!C-GSN##pCI-;(.+!
Gc? B?e
M
#G%v
%-(+d1NI+dL%794->34-.!,-.%6@>/0,B.
)I-.%G!b
#GA>2
7D#,# %7
*>G_,#4-
.#2+b
gI-.+!+!34-%,%BM%-+C+!"%B.? 4
AB.+ ?98
_ ?Auf%R
.B.+@
]+!"%B.
p-.9+!(q
VK
I%tT%oI#-.q-<!IL
FN
#G83#,-!t%
+cI-.+!+I#21
+-.9:-KI-.%G!D
#G>2
$
.#+H-.@9%&
cp-.+dI"!
#,#@%D
*K
!,/&D34-,-.%
p- E
>+#34-,-.%q9)1g3g-5I/<?-.+!%#1)
>#,-*I"#,,m-.%$^ILT#1g+I-;(.+YG+-./
IL
<G_#,+!
8+-.9:->/0-=(>-.%6?
uf%E-.%q-O
]!/&3#,Wp]I-%IR/&-.+!cd1*!/RV,IS@3:+!,/0%)Y-O+/0,%
.#2+CIL
%^*E9F-.%v
EII+I1t-G
R34-.!,-.%t!,/&-.%h%BP-.+C,dL%I
AB.+! @? 8 '
? 5
+G-.+*p]I-.#,#I0%-.+p$W
S+-94-
/0-=(M
+-B.
<
$-U&I$%(*+-.%/0%)]%<+/0,%<
$!I]34-.!,-.%>-G g
+!G+%I
3:-.,%)S-.%M
$3
P-GK
C+-.9:- _! A
B.+!5@
? 8 ? 5
q"(.+B$!L%I'94f %`
,%I-./03#,/&30
-;>%H%
d/Rg#,-*I"V,-%K%g
>+G+%IS3:-.2,-%K!,%Bb
,dL%I
,%
AB.+! ? 8
9 ?
5
&,dL%Ibp+&"(.+B.o-;(.+
O,/0OdL/03S,%N
O "?
4
91
N+#
B)%6
O+!+-.+1f9+!>3+-;(*,
.#+e/0
-@g+!>3#,-!
/&C,/$#5,-.%]9!t-.%
I-.%&.%ID,%)+!(#?
I"%&9:>%&%q
e3#,-.
>#-@I#,m",-.%C++!-.+e#,K>2
%q+"-.%9#,9:-.%
4
Y#,#+!G+%I
3:-.2,-%?
( v | j { o 7 4p ~%v | †(l
=
u-rxr | ovl s o | jym s o 7 o 3
j m sHt{ o 2 u 2 xv r…v…j ( jymuaj 7 v si{ysi| jrul s%{ lƒ~%u | l
= s j { (;7 u-jƒu € s v | ~ {ƒs uql s 7 y
50
1
45
22
8
10
40
13
2
7
20
3 21
5
19
15 18
12
9
11
4
6
distance [cm]
16
17
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
14
0
0
"X]
5
10
15
marker
20
FHGJIKfL#K/K # 5WZUHO0dSˆS-R #GJY%WRP^_S-RO ZR \O0d WZUHO0dSˆY%W WZO@G RPG RIŠY0SaUXSaY0S-RbS WT%GJO0GJWRPTaK
# W QGQ
[ \O0GJ" WR SaY0Y0WZY \O@O0dSY0SaUXSaY0S-RbS WT%GJO0GJWRPT dS-R T0GQRIA] WR ZR W O GQRS3WZU O0dPSS-R26GJY0WR^_S-R4OaK
-.+$I-./&3+-.%6a
N,-.%#,#1P(#,o
EL!q,%BM
E-+,B,%#Yl<+T-=(v#,-
I"#,,m-.%F>
-.+.#+!,%Bh%-.+R/&+!/0%)?
9!s-.%
q
-.%#21
uf%J
RI34-.!,-.%Jd,/&,-.%F
_9 D
MI-/&3#</&3
<-.#,%7%
1
I-./03+!
-G'
<%)(*,+!-.%/0%)
AB.+*?98 'p% _ 9 ?5
8"(.+B',dL%I-9L%&>
&
'fp-D -.+!#,H/0-*#+!
3,IF%
B.+! ?98
? 4 CI"%F9:R!%v
+!K
H3:-.2,-%t!/RV,-%h>2
-.@ .#2+,%B
A
,b!,B.% . I%)#1M#,CII+q
%h-.+
$%)(*,+!-.%/0%)
I-./03+!
a,B.+!
@? 8
-.9,%t>2
o
RI-./03#,0/R3
_
.#2+'IL
%,^0>
%t+#21*,%BN-.%#21P-.%t%h-.#,,%D-G
_9 S%
a,B.+!? 8
'
? 4
AB.+/?98
9 8I-.%.+/
c@3:I64
D+!!#
R
B.
FII+I1t-G-.+
50
50
45
45
40
40
35
35
distance [cm]
distance [cm]
B.+!,N9!7#,-*I"#,m"V,-%6?
30
25
20
15
25
20
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
0
FŒGQIKfL#K/ #K
4
30
5
10
15
marker
20
_
0
5
10
15
marker
20
W QGQ[
\O0GJWR
SaY0Y0WZY \O@O0dSY0SaUXSaY0S-RbS WT0GQO0GJWRPT GJO0dPW O:JO;SaY%GQRPIdS-RVY0S
6GQRIAWR # Z R
"
# O0dS bW^JSaO;SŠ^ 5WZU O0dPSS-R26GJY0WR^_S-R4OaK
W OQG RS ZR
"X]
I-./&3+-.%t-G!AB.+
?98
9 8%
AB.+! ?98
_9 8
-;>$
D-+3.#+CIL
%^
9!P-%P%7-.#,,%O-GA
C%(*+-.%/0%)],>%-cB.% . I"%)#21H#]II+V8
%7
O-.+!,B.%#
#,-*I"#,,m-.%`9!F-.%t
HI-./03#,0/R3[?%5
R-.%#1h!,B.%9.I"%C(@,-.%$+R$/&+!T+!
$@*94-
H,%0
c/0]+!-@-/<? 4
%/D9:+
€Œs%{ƒs pl s
7
D%
7
p { v | †jym s;7 v s%{ƒs%| j s& ur…p4u-jyvxo | l 
3:-.!Y
cG_I
%#21*,Y-G6
'#,+p!I"%pLT%
f4\P*
W
Sf
-C/R+T+Y,%,I"Ve
Y
S34-,-.%q-G[
c/&+T+!p
p9:%H/&+&+#5(.
17 30,%`
,b+!-@-./7?
-E
S%G-.+!%#21.6
,b3:-.2,-%`,Q%-8!I#1`I-.%G-.+!/
]/&+T+
3:-.!-.%g+#5(.>-O
>
5
34-.!,-.%gd/R,-.%09!H-%R
cI-./03#
?
/&3Q,b,%
+!%)#21PI#-.+b-E
0+G+%I03:-.2,-%]
%t3:-.!-.%`d/R,-.%M9t-%#1
-.%N%E-#,%c-GZ
'%)(@+-.%/&%?
5a-q!/&/&+!,m*
,
@34+/&%33:-.+d-.+
-.+]B.+P9!h#,-*I"#,m"V,-%7%PI-/D9,%-.%M>
M
q,dL%I
94#,,G V
.#+]IL
%,^g##,-;>]'-
II+#1g#,-*I"#,,m/&-9,#+-.9:-p(.%&>
%H+!#21@%BO-.%#1g-%R%&-.#,,%S-G[
]%)(*,+!-.%/0%)"?
@
uf%F
qIL
3+qp73+-.3:-.
%J!*%,-%
-G'lM+!T-;(F#-@I#,m",-.%Q
Vg
g94%J/0-.%1
!+E-q+!#59#210#,-*I"#,mS/0-.9,#c+!-.9:-(.%7,%E!*+/&b!-.% K
B.#,-9#:#,-*I"#,m"V,-%&%
5
!&%(*+-.%/0%)8+qIL
+I+!,mh91<
q3+!%I&-Gp(+!,-.
1*%/0,I$%)(*,+-%/&%)?
6
1*%/0,Iq [IXIL
obI+!-=>C-Gp3:-.3#D
V8/&B.
)b9#,-*ILT<
g+-.9:-
.#2+
3+!-)IL
!%!-.+*-$
)
8%-+?
:'+O31
]/RB.,%BO 4I-GZI-.++!3H$,p+I6?
5
+
3:I . I.#+!Yp+!]3+!-.34-H%R(#,V[*-%]-G4>
,IL
RI-.%!,+pI-.%-.%#%)+!-.3)10G-+
#,I%B0%-.+c+",%B%7f
-&-GA>
,IL
<TO,%)-&II-%)b-.%#4T%-;>#,B.$94-.@
6
O [Ic-Ga3:-.!,9#b%)(*,+-%/&%)c@1@%/&I?
5
O%)+!-.3)1-.#+c%)5#6G-.+>II!!G##1N-.3:+%Bgg/&-.9,#,]+-.9:->,%7qI+!-;>
/D!/7?
@34+,/0%)#[I-./&3+-.%p%Bq$I-#,#,IR
+!b/0-.%d+VH
9)1R3+- 1
I!,%B&%-.+S+,%B.>#I(#21.
3.#2+>!34I5#,#1R!,B.%<G-+3+-@,/0f1R%-.+!'+!
1
9#O-R#-@I#,mb+-94-c%M%#17I+!-;>`%(*+-.%/0%)4>
,#,8+!L,%%B0
D9,#f1R-RG
.I,%)#1P+!I-=(+8G+-./
%
B.#,-9#aG_,#,+],%`#,-*I"#,,m-.%6?
-U0I7%)(*,+-%/&%)R!B.B.!R
0-.+g!@%!,-.%
+d
+/0-.+6
q!OI-.%Io%
-G8lM+T-;(J#,-*I"#,,m-.%vI%
II+#1
d/Rb
O34-,-.%N-GK0+!-.9:-S(.%PGA-.%#21N%7-.#,%b-GKIL
`%M%)(@+-.%/&%c,>!`
Op-.+!#,R/0-*# ?:5
'!3:+!,/0%)p/0-.%d+>
c+-.9!%!-G -.+
33+-)IL
R-CIL
%B.
@3:It,%Pf1*3I"#K-U&Ig%)(*,+-%/&%)?+!
+b(#,-.%P-Gp
q3:I . IgIL
+I+!,!,I
%F3+-.9#/0D-GSIL
%
33#,I"V,-%o,$941.-.%F
EI-.34E-GS
,C
-.+!Tv%F,qM-.3,I&-G
G+8++IL
6?
"oC94#,(.b
S
O+#2]3+!%)`
+!D+!C!%),# G-.+c-34+,%Bg/0-.9,#b+-.9:-c%
B.
#1o1*%/0,IN%
%#1J3:-.3#,J%)(@+-.%/&%?
+ -;w3:I .I7+!E
M+!!#gc
&3+!-.9#/
-G
G-.+b
&9#-@ILTVB
/&-9,#q+-.9:-8#,-*I"#,,m-.%
e!34I5#,#1<
0*%F%-.+O/0-@#W33#,
.#+CI%o9:0o-<2-.%##17d,/&g
0#,-*I",-.%Q-G
%)(*,+!-.%/0%)R&
<+!-.9:-R3:+dG-.+/0g0T?
)
/0-.!$ 4I(72G
H
!L%I
-.+!#,F/0-@#YI-.%)L,%
.#+W-C,%I"
S3+%I'-G
,%)%)-.%
-o/&-;(.M-.%6?
33#,I",-.%Fp-.#
9:
#,#Y!IH-.9dLI#,?Quf%vG_IWpN33#,,o
34-.3#c+,%BO
c/$/
I-%!%I,-%M>
`R/0"!+D-GW3+-.B+!]
,
3
vq9#,-*ILTJ9)1t(@2-.+!?Quf%
:]GbI-.+!!IL
\%
34-.3#,0,%Q
.#+c
-.+1fB.>3+- !I?euf%
b33#,<-HIb>
%P
D+!-.94-
IL
JP2V,-%o
E+!-.9:-D9#
P
-.+!%v-`%,I&
5
R+%s-.R-F94M%s,/03:-.+!%)0G+MG-.+0
M,%)+I,-%
X) Œ
a53
R
_!C#,!-
9:fp%<
8+-94-%N
83:-.3#
.
?
"oC#-094#,,(.b
c
.+d .#2+S3+-.3:-.M
+:
C%)+-31 .#2+,S33#,I"9#'-&
/DIL
0>,+Y(+!,f1g-G6dL]d/R,-.%q3+-.9#/0p%&@1@%/&I>%)(*,+-%/&%)?; -*-.#1q!34T
,%BK
.#2+$/RTq+!-.94-q34+I3,-.%F
B.
#21o!#,I(.W,%v
q-.%#21o!%!-.+g+,%B.q+!
I-%+!P
bI-%&.+/
-.%
D+-.9:-
'I++!%)b9:#,G?
A,+!!"*
V
'(+!59#c-09:bd/RN,
>%-.+S+%B.I"%<9:b-.+d<%-qf
,%B.X%t-.%q
OI-.%)L,%O
%),I
33#,,I-.%q-G4
D3+!-.9#,/
1
5
,.#+'+!d'-.%#17-.%Pfp-N!/&3 1
+3+!%)P3+!-.99#,!I"##1)%7I-.%[
1
-09,%-.%b>
IL
<-%#1&I-.%),%>I-.++!3<+!"
_%-.% 1fI-++3 8/0"+!/0%)?
.#2+Ye
SI,-%H%&I-./03:%-.%&-G6
+!&
!*%(#21N+!!7,%7l7+3
)1
I+!,m0^%2(.#21. -N>
C*%)C
,
>p-.+!T
l0+
?
4
!+B.
)G-.+d+!
+SG_,#+e-G6!%!-.+
+]p-.+T&>,#,#4/
-qIL
+1
.#2+OI%h/RT&+!-.9:-8/0-.+q+!-.9dC-<!%!-.+
G_#,+!?
h | o %
{ 7Zs%{ jyo = u 6qs jƒmvl ‡
yl p4~}m,ul ‡ r…j si{ v | †`l s%| lno {{ƒs u
t{ o t o { jyvxo | ur#jyojym s ~}mu | † s
r…j s%{ = o {ysH{ o 2 4p lnju-†quv | Žl j s lnjyv = au jyvxo 
| ‹ uv…rxp {ƒs lo | s ~%opr 7 pl sH{ u |7 o = v…w s'7 lŽj { -u j s q† v s l
v7 | † l t{ o 2 u 2 xv r…vlŽjƒvx~iu-rxr ( " € m %s {ƒs yj m s xr v 6qs rxv…m4o o 7 o † vxl
‹ ‡ r…j s%{ v | †ŠoqpZj(u`l si| lno {{ƒs u 7 v | v |As%| j { o t (q
"!$# &% '!
uf%
3
+
h3+(@-.<IL
3+7
t,%)+!-@I
lM+!T-;(x#,-*I"#,m-.%s<J+!-.9d<IL
%,^tG-+
6)( +*
d/R,%BN
RB.#-.9#e3:-.2-.%t-GS</0-.9,#g+-.9:-O>
,%hC%)(*,+!-.%/0%)"?
(!O/& !-.+!f1<-G
!@,!,%B733+-)IL
KlM+T-;(Q#-@I#,m",-.%<,
@I#,!(.#1J+&
<!,/&-.%F-Gc#,-*I",-.%F9
-.%
%
?
4
$p##
C
a!(.0#,-*I"#,,m-.%
%I-/&%B`!+"/
-G'!%!-.+
?Sui'+!'-.%M
D!/03,-.%7
]%2
+]+!-.94-]/0--.%6%-.+>
D34-,%)%B&,+I,-.%7-G
+-.9:-
K!%!-.+eI%g94I-.%)+!-.#,#6? \
" ,#
W
1&-$%-Y%+dG+>>
0
S+-.9:-
32(.IL
%^*W
"(.
-.9)(*,-.K(%)LB
Y3+/R+d1$T*
1gI"%&94S*+/0#21g,%U0I,%)
!34I,#,#21H+!,%BD
83+-*IS-GaB.#,-.9#6#,-*I"#,,m-.%6?
local maxima
-, /. -0 21 4350
FŒGQIK K \K> Z^ QST0GJO \O0GJWR G R
R
-.%!,+
5
O+-.9:->
/6 20ZT0T0G ZS71QW)6801QGQ[90\O0GJWR5GQTS?>6O;Y0S-^_S91;: GQRPS <6aGJS-ROaK
dPG id
82,-.%q
Wf1*3,I#,#21D-*II+Y+%BOB.#,-.9##,-*I"#,,m-.%D%0-+W3+!/0%)?
c3#5IM%E
OI-.+!+-.+>%.A,B+
/0--.%O>2
%$
,AI-.++!,-+? 5 ?98O3IS
C9:#,GAdL$G+>+%-./
fp-O#-@I#/R /R>!/
G+-./
!1*/0/&+d1$-G
I-.++!,-.+
7 K f \P
%O,%OIL
D>,-.%'
pU0I,%I18-G#,-*I"#,,m-.%]I%O,B% . I%)#21'9:p/&3+!-;(.O9)18B.,%B
+-.9:-e%)-'-.%-G
-U0I?Kuf%g!1*/0/&+I
/0--.%`-.+b3:+3:#K
+!/&%,%Bgg+!-.9:-
4
-U0I%)(*,+!-.%/0%)e!IL
0K
A-.%)+%-./
#,#aG-.#,#-=>%BHb-G%t%I"39#,q-G
-.+8V8#,"!O,%U0I,%)OOB.#,-.9#,#21
>34-.!,-.%6?
I('#,-*I"#,,m-.%gB.-*9:1-.%H
'3!(b3+,B/<?aui>!/0
+,%B$#,-*I"#,,m21
-.%66
g34-.!,-.%`!/RV,-%`+-.,%q
83+!5#A-.+'G#,#AI-.%)+!-.#e-;(.+O
&+!-.9:-" 3+!-;(@,%B
5
,SB.(>
C-.33:-.+'1
>>2
Pg'-GeI,-.%
cI"%<94CM-0,/D9B.8>9:#,Gk?
%f1t-`,%I+H
EU0I,%I1
%v
E+!-.9d%0-GS#,-*I"#,m"V,-%6?
4
I2(.#1tI-.%)+!-.#,#,%B
8I-+>-Gaq+-.9:-%7-++-gB.#,-9#,#21g#,-*I"#,m]3"1@>- <>
%(.+c
8%)(*,+-%/&%)
3:-.!!q+!#5V(#21`G
G"V+!$
C%9#,R2C-M%/D9B.-.!#1Q+/0,%0C#-@I-.%6?
-.+X/03#,.,%C/R%)1C-U0I%)(@+-.%/&%.I-.++!,-+K%D+-*-./0A-G%D#-@-T8#,TWG-.+K]/0-.9#,
+-94-@
%Ib$+-94-
/&B.
)Y
"(.'-C/&-;(]-qC+/0-c+!-@-./
D#,-*I"V,-%6?
81F-.3:%
,!q,%
I2(.E#,-*I"#,,m-.%t+
'!-R>-g94!S#,-*I"#,mc
O+!-.9:-"?
uf%x
,EIL
3+E
>
IL
+-94-
((
)(
I-.%1i
-+,IP!*%,-%
Q>,##]+(h
R%
-GDlM+!T-;(\#,-*I"#,,m-.%
3+!-=(*g+V,-%#I++!5PG-.+q+!/&%,%BQ>
+N-h/0-=(7%
>!%!-.+?
((
%R-.+!+Y-D%,^#210+/0,%
>
+!<-Q3:-.,%)g
5
OB.,%Bq3+,%I,3#,'-GA-.+>33+-)IL
M,-&I-.%)+!-.#6
OIV-.+!S!-R>-
/0,%/&mCG@+!0!@34Io%I+dL%)f1.?0S%I+!,%)f1`O/0"+!h91`
g%)+!-.3)1Q-G
9:#,GX!+!,9@,-%?
G@+!
p1NIL
-@-.!,%B0I-.%-0/0,%/&m>
O@3:I7G+!C%I+!L,%)f1.
33+-)IL
7,I39#,b-GAI(#1H#,-*I"#,m%BC
8+-.9:-?
uf%P
C%*b!I,-%M
C>,#,# ,I]+#,Mp-.+T?
4
G+],%)+-*I%B&
$B%+#ZG+/01
p-.+TgG-.+I2(.c#,-*I"#,m"V,-%q,%Ej*I,-.%
?@@p]>,##33#210
,p3+%I3#,>-$I('%"(*,B),-.%
%N!%!,%B0,%E
'G-.#,#-=>%BD!I,-.%[?
81N!34IS-Ga-.+U&I,%S/&3#/0%)LV,-%R-GAI(
#,-*I"#,,m-.%&+8IM%Mj*I,-.%? @?
I>G+!
+>++IL
<,!>%Mj*I,-.%
4
<!
%
4
G+>I+,9,%Bq
b@34+/&%# +#2p8>#,#
?
?
#
I2(.R#-@I#,m",-.%`
$+!I(F+3+!,%B.#21`#,2#g%)-.%o%t
R#++q-M?7uf%
,I,-.%N
-GY(*,
$#
OIc33+!-)IL
S
S"#6>
E
,>3+!-.9#,/
a,+d"
G+!-./
"!
+8 [+%S3:-.,%)
3#,Iq+!I-.B.%2,-%`+%BN/R3`9,#,%B6I-.%6X
-+,I#K9:-.%8-.%Q
I-/&3# @f1&-GXB.#-.9#:#,-*I"#,m-.%6%[
+6@I,!,-.%H
-.+!,I833+-)IL
-gI2(.b#,-*I"#91
,m-.%6?
% '&)(+*-,/.1023*-4657,823479 :.;&=<>562?(n)23479
5A@;BDC;EGFIHBKJGJLFNMOPFQHRNOSPTUR8VGSFXWYSJZHOPFXJGBKOP[E\BO]R^V_B`aV_FbV_@1BcC;E\FQHKBJ\JdFNMfeRNCag;h1SO`1SW;i jSPWkFNEG`;BKEZVGF
g;h;SPO`lHKFXW;J\SJ\VGBWmVneR8C;JFNM7S"V_JBKWoISPEGFXW;eDBWmVnRpeDFXg;SPOBnEGFXg-FNVAeph1J\VAqW;Frsrt@1BEGBZS"VSJf`;h;EGSPW;ipV_@1B
HFNW;J\VGEGh;H$V_SFNW>FNMuReRNCwv 5A@h;JEGBKHBKWVrxFXEGqLSWpecRNCpg1h;SOP`;SW;iy@zRNJ{HKFXW;HBKWmV_E_R^V_B`DFXW>C;E\FXgzRNg1SOSPJ\VGSH
4P eDBKV_@1FQ`;J>M+FXE>SPWmV_BiNE_R8VGSW;iaecRNC g;h;SOP`;SW1iaRNW;` OFIHURNOPSTUR^V_SFNW 3J\BB BNv i;v 5! v
+yFrxBKoNBE eDFXJ\VFNM7V_@;BKJGB RNC;C;E\FmRNH @;BKJt`;F W;FNVAHKFXW;JGSP`;BEVG@;BjC-FXJGJ\Sg;SPOSPV[ F8MHKFXWmV_EGFNOOSPW;iLVG@;BjEGFNguFNV
SWbFXE\`;BEAVGFDBKW;@zRNW1HB SPV_JAOPFQHRNOSPTUR8VGSFXWDC-BE\M+FNEGecRNW;HB8v
jh;SC-BE\J{RNW;` [Qh1WDSPWmV_EGFI`;h;HKB`>R VGBJ V{C;EGFIHBK`;h;E\BSWpFNEG`;BKEV_FH @1BH qdrt@;B$V_@;BKER HBKE\V_RNSWpC1O]RNHKB
@zRNJ RNOE\BURN`1[Lg-BBWpoISPJGSPVGB`p`1h;EGSPW;iV_@;BfC;EGFIHBKJGJ{FNMecRNCpg;h1SO`1SW;iyFXE)rt@;B$V_@;BKE V_@;SPJ C;ORNHBxJG@;FXh1O`>g-B
RN`;`1B`lR8JxRZW;B$r W;FI`;BnVGF VG@;BAV_FXC-FXOPFXiXSHRNO1ecRNC &8Ug v 5A@;B$[R8C;C;OSPB`>V_@1BnJ\F 1HRNOOPB` EGBK@;BUR8EGJ_R8O
C;E\FQHKB`;h;E\B V_F R8HKV_S"oXBKOP[D`;SJGRNepg;SPiXhzR8VGBy`1SP!uBEGBKWmVACuFNJGJGSPg;OBnOFIHUR^V_SFNW;Jv W1iXBOPJGFXW C;E\FXC-FXJGBK` JGBKoNBEGRNO
@;BKh;EGSPJ\V_SPH \FXC;C-FXE V_h;W;S"V[ JGHKEGSPC1V_J VGFBKW;@zRNW1HBbV_@;BbC;E\FQHKBJGJDFNM eRNC g;h1SO`1SW;i {W;i v 5A@;BKJGB
JGHKEGSPC1V_JDSW;HKOh;`1B C1EGFIHB`1h;EGBKJcrt@;SPH @ RN`;`;E\BJ\JcV_@1BYC;E\FXg;OPBe FNMOFIHURNOPSTSPW;i VG@;BYE\FXg-FNV rtSPV_@1SW SPVGJ
ecRNC tBNv i;vuVG@;B \E\BKV_EGRNHBdJ\V_BKC EGBK`;h;HKBJZCuFNJGSPVGSFXWYh;W;HKBE\V_RNSWmV[ g[YiXh;SP`;SW1iV_@;BdEGFXg-FNVg;RNH qYVGF R
C;E\BKoISFXh1JGOP[ oISJ\SPV_BK`OFIHUR8VGSFXWYFNM{rt@;SPH @aVG@;B>C-FXJGS"V_SFNW SJ qIW1F/rtWwv 4 W;FNV_@1BEjJGHKEGSPC1Vj`;SPJ_RNepg1SiXhzR^V_BJ
`;S"!wBKEGBWmV C-FXJGS"V_SFNW;Jjgm[aCuBKE\M+FXE\ecSPW;ibRNHKVGSFXW1JrtSPV_@`;S"!wBKEGBWmV EGBKJGh;O"V_JZM+FXEV_@1BDC-FXJ\JGSg1OB OFIHUR8VGSFXW1Jv
+yFrxBKoNBE Zg-FNV_@ &8Ug R8W;` {W;i `;F W;FNV C;EGFoIS`1BkR8W B#QC;OSPHSPVlC;EGFXg;RNg;SOPSJ V_SHYecFI`;BKOFNM
h;W;HKBE V RNSPWV[bSPW JGBKW;JGSPW;iR8W;` R8HKV_SPW;i>rt@;BW C-BE\M+FNEGeDSW;i RNH$V_S"oXBZOFIHURNOPSTR8V_SPFXW v
!
"
U56(+0 ,^* c *, 02 X.z( L* k&5'0 , 8 m2 I4
"kFXEGqM+E\FXe RNOiNFXEGS"V_@;e V_@;BKFXE\[`;B$oXBOPFXC-B` B cHKSBKWVdRNOPiXFXEGS"V_@;eDJM+FXEZOFIHUR8OSTKSW;iSW iNE_RNC;@kJ\VGEGh;H
V_h1EGBJKv jOPBSWg-BE\iHFXW;HKBWmV_EGR8V_BKJFXW VG@;B ^
( kFNM OPFQHRNOSPTSPW;iRaecFNg;SOPBEGFNguFNV>rtS"V_@;SPW SPVGJ
BWmoISE\FXW;eDBWmV jOB 3v A@;BK[lRN`;`;E\BJGJVG@;BC;E\FXg;OPBe FNM7HFXWmVGEGFXOPOSW1idRpE\FXguF8VSWFXEG`;BKEfV_FdecFXJ VB$M
HKSBWmVGOP[DOFIHURNOPSTKBnS"ViXOPFXgzRNOPOP[dSW RdqW;FrtWbBWmoISE\FXW;eDBWmVUv +nBE\B 1VG@;BBWmoISE\FXW;eDBWmVSPJfE\BC;E\BJGBKWmV_B`
RNJdR guFNh;W;`;BK` `;BKiXEGBKBlV_E\BBlFXEdRNJdE\BH$V RNW;iNOBJdSWkVG@;B `;SeDBW1JGSFNWzRNO{C;ORNW;BNv A@;BlC-BE M+FXEGecRNW;HKB
FNMnV_@;B RNOPiXFXE\SPV_@1ecJLSJ RNWzR8OP[ITBK` h;J\SW;iaV_@1B HKFXeDCuB$V_SPVGSPoNBlE_R8VGSF {rt@;SPH @ SPJpV_@;BbrxFXEGJ V HRNJGBbEGR8V_SPF
g-BKVrxBBWcV_@;Bn`;SJ V RNW1HBAV_EGRoNBOPB`crt@1BWh1JGSW1i VG@;BSPE{FXW OPSW;BRNOiXFNEGSPVG@;e RNW;` V_@;Bn`;SJ V RNW1HBAV_EGRoNBOPB`
gzRNJ\B`bFXWlVG@;BFXC1VGSecRNOJGFXOPh1V_SPFXW v A@1BK[lC1EGFXC-FXJGBZRLecB$V_@;FI`lrtSPVG@
HFXeDC-BKV_S"V_S"oXBnE_R8VGSFLM+FNE
V_E\BBKJnrtS"V_@beR/#1SPeR8O ag;EGRNW;H @boXBE V_SPHBJKv
h;`;BKq B$V RNO?v J\@;FrfBK` V_@zR8VSW iXBW;BKE_RNO V_@;BYC;EGFNg;OBKe F8MjOFIHURNOPSTKSW;iRkE\FXg-FNVlSPW R qW;FrtW
BWmoISE\FXW;eDBWmV gm[pV_EGRoNBOPSW;iZRjeDSW;SPeph;e `;SJ V RNW1HBtSJ * @zRNE\`
3v nBEGBAVG@;BtBWmoISEGFNW;ecBKWmV
SJyecFI`;BKOB` RNJjRJ\SeDC;OBZC-FXOP[IiXFNW v A@;B$[C;E\FXC-FXJGB>RcJ\V_EGR8V_BKiN[ rtSPV_@ HFXeDCuB$V_S"V_SPoNBLEGR8V_SPF
rt@;BKEGB SJtV_@1BLWh;epg-BEnFNMOFIHUR8VGSFXW;JxV_Fg-B `;SJGRNepg;SPiXhzR8VGB` v A@;BK[YRNOPJGF JG@1F/r:VG@zR8VtV_@1SJnguFXh1W;`
SJVG@;BZguBKJ\VnC-FXJGJ\Sg;OPBjE_R8VGSF;v
fFNVG@kR8C;C;EGFXRNH @;BJZHKFXW;HBKWmV_E_R^V_BDFXWV_@;B>C;E\FXg;OPBe F8M @[IC-FNV_@1BJGSPJZBOSPecSPWzR8VGSFXW
yBKEGBlVG@;BlEGFNguFNVdSW;S"V_SRNOO"[RNC;C1OSBKJpRJ\SeDC;OBDecF8V_SFNW J\VGE_R8VGBiN[ JGh;H @ RNJdJGC;SPE_RNOxJGBUR8EGH @ h;WmV_SPOxV_@1B
Wh;epg-BEjFNM@m[IC-FNV_@;BKJGBKJdRNg-FXh1VSPV_JyOFIHUR8VGSFXWYguBKHFXeDBJjJ\eR8OO v V RNE V_SPW;i R8VVG@;SJ CuFXSPWmV uVG@;BSPEjRNC
C;E\FmRNH @;BKJxiXBKW;BEGR8V_BtWzRUoISiXR8V_SPFXW>RNH$V_SFNW;J [ISBOP`;SW1iZRZh1W;S h;BtC-FXJGS"V_SFNWpBJ V_SecR8VGBNv xFNV_@cRNC;C;E\FmRNH @;BKJ
RNE\BlgzRNJ\B` FXW V_@1BbRNJGJ\h;ecCQV_SFNW V_@zR8VdV_@;BlFNEGSBKWmV R8VGSFXW F8MnVG@;BlE\FXguF8V>SJLqIW1F/rtW RNW;` VG@zR8VpVG@;BE\B
SJZW;F h;W;HKBE V RNSPWV[aSPWaJGBW1JGSW1iRNW;`kRNH$V_SW1i;v A@Ih1JdSPVZE\BecRNSW1Jjh;W;HOPBURNEZ@;FrVG@;BJ\BcE\BJ\h;OPVGJLJ\HURNOPB
V_FrfRNEG`1JyE\BURNOwrxFXE\O`YRNC;C;OPSHUR^V_SFNW;Jv
#%$'&
(&*)
,+
-
.$
/$
10
32
4+
($
50 6$ .07$
98
=<
F
;:
?>,@ A7BDC1E
G IH
:
J
:
LK/:
MH
!
:
:
ON%
QPSRUTWV :
H
4P
X
1
ZY
:
[F\X^]5_
7`G Ia
b
1cedgf ?H
c
hH
i
j
kF\X^]5_
7`G !l
a
on
*H
m
:
f\P
.;,0/2+.z(3( I,1.( :.;,* "! m2 U2+*-4 ,^*
A@;B M+E_R8ecB$rfFXE\q FNM $#% &# ')(()%+*,#-' (/.0#%_m,*212( ( ,3 % 8(4(4((4( +JG@;FNE\V *6587 *{J C;EGF
oIS`;BKJLHKEGS"V_BE\S]RlM+FXEZRNH$V_SPW;iYFNC1V_SPeRNOPOP[ h;W;`1BE HFXW;J\S`;BKE_R8VGSFXWaFNMfh;W;HKBE\V_RNSWmV[aSPWg-FNVG@ RNH$V_SPW;i R8W;`
JGBKW;JGSPW;i;v RfFXWmV_E\FXOOPBE\J M+FNE *6587 *{JHKFXW;J\SJ\VFNM VG@;BYM+FNOOFrtSPW;iVrfF eRNSPW HFXeDCuFNW;BWmV_JKv A@;B
( 9# 4( (4( :
# , %c`;BKVGBE\ecSPW;BJjV_@1BDJ V R8VGB>FNM V_@;B>rxFXEGOP`g;RNJGBK` FXWaSW1HFXeDSW;iJGBW1JGFXE `zR8V_R R8W;`aFXW
V_@1BdRNH$V_SPFXW;JnCuBKE\M+FXE\ecBK` gm[bV_@;BLRNiXBKWV<v ;WRN`;`1SPV_SPFXW 1VG@;B z eRNC1JyJ V R8VGBJ F8MV_@1BLrxFXEGOP` SWmVGF
RNH$V_SFNW;JyJ\F RNJtV_FceR^#QSPecSPTBM+h1VGh;EGBLEGBKrfRNE\`;J M+FXEtV_@;BLRNiXBKWmV 3J\BBpB8v i1v 8 =R M+FXEnRNWSWmVGEGFI`;h;H
V_SPFXWaV_F *>587 *{J @v ? C1C;OSPB`aV_FYVG@;BDecFXg1SOBdEGFXg-FNV `;FXecRNSW 7VG@;BDJ\V R^V_BF8MfV_@1BDrxFXEGOP` SPJ iNSPoXBKW
gm[ V_@;B C-FXJGS"V_SFNW FNMVG@;BZEGFXg-FNVyRNW;`bV_@;B C-FXOSPHK[lecRNC;JtJ\h;H @ J V R8VGBJtV_FcRNHKVGSFXW;JtFNM)V_@;BZE\FXguF8VUv A@;B
qNB$[ C1EGFXg;OPBeFNM *65A7 *JLHURNW guBDJ\V_R8V_BK` RNJZM+FXOOPF/rtJKv =@zR8VLSJZV_@1BcFXCQV_SecRNO{C-FXOSPHK[ SW FNEG`;BKE
V_FeR^#QSPecSPTBjM+h1V_h1EGBpE\BKrfRNEG`;CJ B x[ V RNqSPW;ilC-FXJGS"V_SFNW h;W;HKBE V RNSPWV[YSWmVGF RNHHKFXh;WmVrt@;BKWC;O]R8W;W;SW1i
CzR8VG@;JV_FZV RNE\iXBKV OFIHUR^V_SFNW;J -*6587 *{JxRNEGB D3$E ()% ()3 pRNg;OBAVGFLSPWVGBiXEGR8V_BtR8HKV_SPFXW;J{M+FXEOFIHUR8OSTR8V_SPFXW
SWmVGFlJGh;H @W;RoISPimR8V_SPFXW C1O]RNW;JKFv ?q8BK[ FXg;J\V_RNHOPBdSPWRNC;C1OP[ISW;i *65A7 *JVGF RNH$V_SPoNBdOPFQHRNOSPTUR8VGSFXW SPJ
V_@1BSEHFXeDC;OB#QSPV[XGv ;WpV_@1BrfFXE\J\VHRNJGB mHFXeDC;h1VGSW;i VG@;BHKFXecC1OBKVGBBKo8RNOPhzR8VGSFXW M+h;W;HKVGSFXWprtS"V_@;SPWdV_@1B
`;FXecRNSPWdFNM *6587 *{J{SJB#QCuFXW1BWmV_SRNO;SWdJGCzRNHKBtRNW;`>V_SPecB * v BKoXBKE_RNO;VGBH @;W1S h;BJ@zRUoNBAguBKBW
SWmVGEGFI`;h;HBK`LM+FXE6B DHKSBWmVGOP[ iXBW1BE_R^V_SW1i RNC1C;EGFU#QSecR8V_BJ\FXOh1VGSFXW1J7VGF *6587 *{J +BNv i;v H='Fo * =R 8v IyWQM+FXE\VGh;WzR8VGBOP[ BKoNBWV_@1B>ecFXJ VB cHKSBKWVjVGBH @;W1S h;BJZR8EGBpFXW1OP[ M+BURNJ\Sg;OPBLM+FXEy`;FXecRNSW;J
8
rtSPVG@lOBKJGJfVG@zRNWl@h;W1`;EGBK` J V R8VGBJAR8W;`lFXg;J\BE oNR^V_SFNW;Jv A@h;JAeDFXJ\VRNC;C;OPSHR8V_SPFXW;JSWVG@;B E\FXg-FNV_SPH `;F
ecRNSWl`1FDW1FNVtB$#QC;OPFXSPVVG@;BM+h;OPOwC-FNV_BKWVGS]RNOuFNM *65A7 *JAM+FXEAFNC1V_SPeRNOPOP[>HKFXWmV_E\FXOOPSW;ipeDFXg;SPOBnEGFXg-FNVGJ
g;h1V HKFXW;HBKWmV_E_R^V_B FXWaV_@;B>C;E\FXg;OPBe F8MfOPFQHRNOSPTUR8VGSFXW RNJZRNWRNC;C;OPSHR8V_SPFXWFNMxJ\V_R8V_B BJ V_SPeR8VGSFXW 3JGBKB
RNOPJGF BKHKVGSFXW QKv J v SPeceDFXW;JRNW;` jFQBKW;SiyV RNq8BV_@;Bh1W;HBKE\V R8SWmV[pSPWpV_@;BC-FXJ\SPV_SPFXWpBKJ\V_SPeR^V_SFNWdSWmVGF
RNHKHFXh;WmVArt@;BKW C;O]R8W;W;SW1ipWzRUoISimR8VGSFXWRNHKVGSFXW1J Ig;h1VVG@;BK[`;F>W;FNVfHFXW;J\S`;BKEfV_@1BjRNg;SPOSPV[ F8M6RNHKVGSPoXBKOP[
EGBK`;h;HKSW;iZV_@;BnC-FXJGS"V_SFNWDh1W;HBKE\V R8SWmV[ v A@;BK[cRNJ\JGh;eDBnVG@zR8VV_@1BnE\FXg-FNVrtSOO WzRNOPOP[pE\BURNH @cSPVGJ
iXFmR8Owrt@;BW M+FXOOPFrtSW;idVG@;B iXBW;BKE_R8VGB` WzRUoISimR8VGSFXW C1O]RNW;JKv yFrfB$oXBKE ZRNBKOg;OPSW;i R L 7JG@;FrxB`
SWkRNWkB$#QCuBKEGSPecBKWV_RNOJ\VGh;`1[aV_@zR^V VG@;SJLRNC;C1EGFmRNH @kHURNWkOBRN`VGF \H$[IHOBKJLSPWVG@;Bg-BOPSB$MfJ V R8VGBJpR8W;`
RNH$V_SFNW;JV_@zR^Vt`;FcW1FNVteR8qNBZC;EGFNiXEGBKJGJtV_FrR8EG`bV_@;BZiXFmR8O ;v
5W;B>RNC;C1EGFmRNH @VGFh;J\BpV_@;B M+E_RNeDBKrxFXE\qYFN
M *>587 *{JSPWFXE\`;BEnV_FlSPWVGBiXEGR8V_BdRNHKVGSPoNBdOFIHUR8OSTR
V_SPFXWaSWmV_FbE\FXguF8VLHKFXWmV_E\FXO{@zRNJ guBKBW`;FXW;BDSW R ML ?v fBHRNh;JGBcFNMfVG@;B HFXeDC;OPB$#QSPV[ FNMJ\FXOPoISW1i
*6587 *{J R ML )C1EGFXC-FXJGBdRNW;`B$o8RNOhzR^V_BZVrfFl@1Bh;E\SJ\VGSHKJnM+FXEnHFNW;JGSP`;BE\SW;iRNHKVGSFXW;JnB$#QC;OPSHKSPV_O"[
RNSPecSPW;iR^VjEGBK`;h;HSPW;ilh;W1HBE V RNSPWmV[eDBURNJ\h;EGBK`gm[ V_@;B>BKWmV_EGFNC[ FNM{V_@1B>CuFXJ\SPVGSFXWYBJ\VGSecR8V_SPFXW v A@;B
E\J\VVGBH @;W;S h;B>SJyHURNOPOBN
` # , 3()3 &% RNW1`SJ g;RNJGBK`FXW V_@1BdM+FXOOPFrtSW;iDJ\VGE_R8VGBiN[Nv A@;B>EGFNguFNV
SiNW;FXEGBKJxh1W;HBKE\V R8SWmV[DSW V_@;ByCuFXJ\SPVGSFXWDRNJxOFXW;iLRNJV_@;Byh;W;HKBE\V_RNSWmV[ rtSPVG@E\BJGC-BH$VfVGFLV_@1B g-BJ\VfWzRUo
SiXR8V_SPFXWbRNHKVGSFXW SJtg-BOPF/r:R VG@;EGBKJG@;FXOP` Ov ; M VG@;SJtHKBE\V_RNSWmV[ RNg-FXh1VnV_@1BLg-BJ VRNH$V_SPFXWYg-BHKFXeDBJnO]RNE\iXB
V_@1BlEGFXg-FNV>SPJdHKFXW1M+h;J\B` RNguFNh1Vdrt@zR^VpV_F`;FaR8W;` H @;FIFXJGBKJ VG@;BlW;B#IVDRNHKVGSFXW gm[ ecSPW;SeDSTKSW;i V_@1B
B$#QC-BH$V_B`kBWmV_E\FXCm[FNMV_@1BDg-BOPSB$MJ\V R^V_BNv A@;B JGBHKFXW;`J\VGE_R8VGBiN[SPJHUR8OOBK` ()3 P%_ ,QSR ( UT,E D3VT guB
HUR8h;JGBVG@;B o8RNOh1B FNM7g-BOPSBKM J\V R^V_BJAh1JGB` M+FXExiXBW1BE_R^V_SW1ipWzRUoISimR8VGSFXWcC;O]R8W;JfSPJfiXS"oXBW gm[lRLrfBKSiX@mVGB`
JGh1eYv A@;B EGJ VjJGh;eDecRNW;`eDBURNJ\h;EGBKJV_@;Bdh1V_SPOSPV[bF8M{V_@;Bpg-BOPSB$M rtSPVG@EGBKJGC-BHKVjVGF SW;HKEGBRNJGSPW;iV_@1B
HBKE\V_RNSWmV[F8M{V_@;B>C-FXJGS"V_SPFXW BKJ\V_SPeR^V_SFNWRNW;`VG@;BpJ\BHFNW;`aJGh;eDeR8W;`ecBRNJGh1EGBJVG@;Bph1VGSOPSPV[bFNMV_@1B
g-BOSPBKMxrtSPV_@kEGBKJGC-BHKVdV_F iNFmRNO R8VGV_RNSW1ecBKWVv A@;BcrxBSPiX@mVpSPJLiXS"oXBKW gm[kVG@;BBKWmV_EGFNC[kFNMxV_@;BcguBKOSB$M
& $
Q$
H
>
O$0 6&
;C1B @D@ E
507$&&$'&
@
<9B 9B
b>
(<
j
[X
[X
9C C
9C6B
`:
gH
C
5
>
@ B <9E
*
[X
F
9:
G
S
hH
MX
_
[X
"B
C1@ E
MX
`
[X
F h]
G
8
on
[X
G 98
3
!F
f h]
on
IH
`:
MX
eK
MF J
G H
ha
OF
`G
o
[X
F
[X
IF
:
`G
G
H
J
n
'<9C1B
C
>,E
H
:
H
^H
C
J
OH
>,E
9B
'C1B
;:
f f4 f
JGF VG@zR8VVG@;BpEGFNguFNV V_BW1`;JV_F C-BE M+FXEGe RNHKVGSFXW;JRNSeDSW;icR8VjSPW;HE\BURNJ\SW;ilVG@;BpC-FXJGS"V_SPFXWHBKE\V_RNSWmV[R8J
SPVpguBKHFXeDBJ>eDFXEGBh;W;HBKE\V_RNSW v =@;SOPBg-FNV_@ J\VGE_R8VGBiXSPBJ>C;E\FoQSP`;BbRiXFIFQ` R8C;C;EGFXRNH @ VGFHFXedg;SW
SW1ibRNHKVGSFXW;JM+FNEjOFIHURNOPSTUR^V_SFNW RNW1`kR8HKV_SPFXW;JM+FXEjiNFmRNO{R8V\V RNSPW;eDBWmV wVG@;BK[J\V_SPOO)@zRUoXBcRNWaSeDCuFXE V RNWmV
`;EGRrtg;RNH q A@1B @;FXE\STKFXWcM+FXE C;ORNW;W;SPW;idR8HKV_SPFXW;JM+FXECuFNJGSPVGSFXWDBJ V_SPeR8VGSFXW SPJxBKSPV_@1BEfJ\BKVxV_FpR JGSPW;iXOB
RNH$V_SFNWYrt@;SPH @SJyW;FNVjR8g;OBZV_FlHRNEGE [bV_@;BLEGFXg-FNVnV_FlE\BeDFNV_BLOFIHUR8VGSFXW;JtFXEnJGB$VV_FR #QB`J\B h;BKW;HB
FNMAJ\h;H @ OPFQHRNORNHKVGSFXW1Jv 6F FoXBKEGHFNecBDV_@;BcOSeDSPVGB`OPFQFXq^RN@1BURN`FNMVG@;SJLRNC;C;E\FmRNH @rfBc@zRUoXBlH @;F
JGBKW V_Fkh;JGBYecFNEGBbHFXeDC;OPB$# RNH$V_SPFXW;Jv A@1BEGB$M+FXEGB AFXh;EcRNC;C;E\FmRNH @ SJcRNg;OB VGF iXh;SP`;B RkE\FXguF8VDVGF
RNE\g;SPVGE_RNE [ EGBKecFNVGBZOFIHUR8VGSFXW;Jrt@1SOBjJ V_SPOO'qNBKBC;SPW;icVG@;B HFXeDC;h1V_R8V_SPFXWzRNO HKFXeDC;OB#1S"V[ SW EGBRNJGFNWzRNg;OPB
g-FXh;W;`;JK6v 5h;ExVGBH @;W;S h;B M+FXE iXh;SP`;SW;i RdE\FXg-FNVfJ\FpRNJ V_FLB DHSPBWmV_O"[cOPFQHRNOSPTBAS"VxrtSPOOzg-B SWmVGEGFI`;h;HBK`
SW BKHKVGSFXW ;v ;v Xv
_
:
m
lhH
J
n
OH
H
`
n
:
8
f
#{d # '! j '! ;W `;BHKSJ\SFXW VG@;BFXE [ xRNHKVGSFXW1J>RNEGB J\BOPBHKVGB` gm[ V_EGRN`;SPW;iFN! VG@;BSPEpB$#QC-BH$V_B` HFNJ\V_JDRNiXRNSW;J VdVG@;BSPE
B$#QC-BH$V_B` h1V_SPOSPV[Nv A@;BeDBURNJ\h;EGB M+FXEjHKFXJ\VGJpRNW;`h1VGSOS"V[@zR8J VGFYg-B `;B W1B` M+FXEjVG@;BcC1EGFXg;OPBeR^V
@zRNW1` v;W V_@;SPJ>JGBKHKV_SPFXW rxBbrtSOOx`;BE\SPoNB VG@;BY`1BJGHKEGSPC1V_SPFXW M+FXE HFXeDC;h1VGSW;iVG@;BYB#QCuBKHKV_BK` h1VGSOS"V[
R8W;` HKFXJ\VGJ
F8MAHBKE\V R8SW R8HKV_SPFXW;J M+FXE z ( , 3 (4( :# ,3zv ZS"oXBWV_@;BKJGBcecBRNJGh;E\BJ
V_@1B E\FXg-FNVtH @;FIFXJGBKJnVG@;BZW;B$#IVyRNHKVGSFXW nRNHHKFXEG`;SPW;i>V_F>V_@1BZM+FNOOFrtSPW;ipEGh1OBNv
RNEGiNeR^#
;v
yBKEGB
`1BKV_BKEGeDSW;BKJ V_@1BdEGBKO]R8VGSPoNBLSPecC-FXE\V_RNW;HKBLFNMHKBE V RNSPWV[boNBEGJ\h;JjHFNJ\V_JKv A@;BpH @1FXSHKBpFNM
`;BKCuBKW;`;JnFXW VG@;B RNC;C;OPSHR8V_SPFXW v ;W FXh;EAB#QCuBKEGSeDBWmVGJ krfRNJnJGB$VnVGF Xv
7
J
*H
i
!
"
^>
9BDC1B
9C6B
C6B
#
%$
)i
$'&
k0/
d+*-,.
f 1
(
a
H
!*32
4*
*
Lf
l0/23(?2 0+ * N023*-4
h;E\SW;iliNOFXgzR8O)OPFQHRNOSPTUR8VGSFXW zVG@;B>h1V_SPOS"V[YF8MxC-BE M+FXEGeDSW1ilRNWRNH$V_SFNW YSPJ`;BKVGBE\ecSPW;B`agm[ VG@;B>SW
HE\BURNJ\BASWpVG@;BAHBKE\V R8SWmV[pFNMzVG@;BAC-FXJGS"V_SFNWpBJ V_SecR8VGBfh;C-FXW>B$#QBKHh1VGSW;i zv kBAh;JGBVG@;BABWmV_E\FXCm[
SW FXEG`;BKEyVGFlecBRNJGh1EGBdVG@;Bph;W;HKBE V RNSPWV[YFNM{VG@;Bpg-BOSPBKM
v A@;SPJecBRNJGh1EGBd@;RNJjRNOPEGBUR8`1[ guBKBW
RNC;C1OSBK`J\h;HHKBJGJ M+h;OO"[lSPWV_@;B HFXWmV_B#IVAFNM7OFIHUR8OSTR8V_SPFXW C;EGFNg;OBKecJ SW R ML RNW;`SW BKHKVGSFXW@JQv ;v
='BKV
`1BW;FNVGBcVG@;BcB#QCuBKHKV_BK` BWmV_E\FXCm"
[ # 4()% @zRUoISW1i C-BE\M+FNEGeDB`kRNHKVGSFXW R8VZV_SPecB
RNW;` # ()% @;RoISPW;i EGBK` V_@;B J\BW;J\FXEGJ FNMtV_@1B EGFXg-FNV>R^VpV_SPecB Xv A@;B h1VGSOPSPV[
FNMnC-BE
M+FXE\ecSPW;iR8WRNHKVGSFXW SJnecBRNJGh;E\B`gm[ V_@;BL`;BHKEGBUR8JGB>SWYh;W;HKBE\V_RNSWmV[ RNJ iNSPoXBKWSW -v ;v v x[
RUoXBKE_RNiXSPW;ilFoXBKEZRNOO7C-FXJGJ\Sg;OPBdJ\BW;J\FXEeDBURNJ\h;EGBKecBKWVGJ urxB>FXg1V R8SW v ;Kv J -rt@;BE\B
SPJ
V_@1B C1EGFXgzR8g;SOPSPV[cFNMC-BE\HBKSPoISW;i R8M V_BKEnB#QBHhQV_SFNWYFNMRNH$V_SFNW zv
)76O0
5
.&
X
5
:
8
"
_
>=@?.A
<;
F
@C
F9
(
;ED
GF
G
G
IH;C
f
K>L
H
[In
"O7
In
O
DWVYX[Z]\
^VY_`DZGaTb
(dc
^VY_`D
\
^VY_`DZGagihj^-VY_ND
\
^VY_
D Z4r
g h
GF
:K
MND
-
U
B
J
J
IH;C
I
1
<
U:
K ?
QP
O
RS
T
V
,K
Z<e
GFlk.mon
gtsuwvyx VY_
D
X[Zqp"V
GF
\
x
mk
X{Z
V
f Z
X[Z
kzmtn
1JWZI
u|0x VY_
D
GF
<;
:9
^H
\
x
kzmon
X[Z}p"V
mwk
X{Z
V
,K‚L
,K ,
Z
Z
K
\
D Z4r
^VY_
g h
gts
p"V
mk
x Z
uw|yx VY_
D
x
\
GF
k
1JWZI
X[Z
p"V
mk
x Z u|0x VY_`D
p
V
mwk
GF
x
\
k
X{Z
V
X[Z
,K‚M
Z
'BKV
`;BW1FNV_BdVG@;Bdg-BOPSB$M{FNM{g-BSPW;ilR8V CuFNJGSPVGSFXW R8M V_BKE @zRUoISW1iC-BE\M+FNEGeDB`
RNW;`cCuBKEGHKBSPoISPW;i V_@;BKWB$#QC;E\BJ\JGSFNW ;v SJ FXg1V_RNSW;BK`DM+E\FXeV_@1By`;B W;S"V_SFNWcFNMwV_@;BnBWmV_E\FXCm[iNSPoXBKW
SW -v PJQv v x[YRNC;C;O"[QSPW;i V_@;BLh;Cu`;R8V_BLB hzR8VGSFXW;J Qv J Qv FNM VG@;B 7YRNEGq8F/oYOFIHUR8OSTR8V_SPFXW
RNOPiXFXEGS"V_@;e rxB iXB$V v ;v M+FXE HFNecC;hQV_SW1iaVG@;B h1V_SPOSPV[kFNMRNW R8HKV_SPFXW v yBKEGB
SPJ
B h;S"o8RNOBKWVxV_FdVG@;BW;FNEGecRNOSPTBE
SWmV_E\FQ`;h1HB` SPW v Iv RNW;`HURNW g-B HKFXecC1h1V_BK`lM+EGFXe
v
;W iXBW1BE_R8O AV_@;SPJC;E\SW;HKSC;OPB HRNW guBRNC;C;OPSB` V_F RNE\g;SPVGE_RNE [ qSW;`;JFNMLRNHKVGSFXW;JKv ;W FXE\`;BEVGF
HFNecC;hQV_BjV_@;BZh1VGSOPSPV[DFNMRNHKVGSFXW;JAFNW;BZ@zRNJAV_FDJGC-BHKSPM [lVG@;BjM+FXOOPF/rtSPW;iLVrxFcM3R8HKV_FNEGJv
Xv
W;RNecBKOP[a@;Fr V_@1BC-FXJGS"V_SFNWkFNMAVG@;BE\FXg-FNVdE\BC;E\BJ\BWmV_BK` gm[V_@;BcguBKOSB$M
H @zR8W;iXBJnh;C-FXWbB$#QBHKh1V_SPW;ilR8HKV_SPFXW RNW;`
Qv
zWzRNeDBO"[V_@1B C1EGFXgzR8g;SOPSPV[DFNM)CuBKEGHBKSPoISW1icR eDBURNJ\h;EGBKecBKWV R8VnRDOPFQHR8V_SPFXW v
=
w=!?.A ;ED
&
GF
A
RSO
TA
<
:O [In
f J
n
In
<
i
K f
:^
K f
n
qO:R ;ED P
=!?.A ;ED
8
%In
K
a
P
O
R
f
GF
f
=!?.A <;D
&
GF
A:R
K
P
qO:RtA 7O
A
L* K0 >* N0/2+*-4
6F W;`V_@;B>g-BJ V RNHKVGSFXWYrfB z@ RUoXBpVGFlV_EGRN`;B>FN!kV_@;B>h1VGSOPSPV[bFNM BUR8H @kR8HKV_SPFXWaRNimR8SW;J V V_@1B>HFXJ VjFNM
B$#QBKHh1VGSW;ijV_@1BtRNHKVGSFXW vfFXJ\VGJ
HURNW g-BiXSPoNBW BNv i;vXgm[LV_@;BVGSeDBW;BBK`;B` V_FjC-BE M+FXEGe RNWDRNH$V_SFNW
FXEgm[cV_@;BZRNeDFXh;WmVAF8M)BKW;BE\iN[ ;h J\B`bh;Cbgm[VG@;BZRNHKVGSFXWwv BrtSPOO-iXSPoNBZRNW B$#1RNeDC;OPB M+FXEJ\h;H @YHKFXJ\VGJ
SW VG@;BZW;B$#IVnJGBKHKV_SPFXW v
2
,& /&
)76O0
&
J
H
>
<
_
<! % 7! D ;W V_@1BlC;EGB$oISFXh;J>J\BH$V_SFNW rfB @;RoNB W;FNV>J\CuBKHS B` rt@zR8VpqISPW;` FNMyRNH$V_SPFXW;JLrxB HFNW;JGSP`;BEKv0;W V_@;SPJ
JGBKHKVGSFXWDrfBtrtSOPOzRNC;C;O"[>V_@;SPJC;EGSPW;HSPC;OBVGF VrxFdqSW1`;JxF8M'RNH$V_SFNW;J WzRNeDBO"[>WzRUoISimR^V_SFNWcR8W;`cJ\BW;J\SW;i1v
'! D
@
E
z
J
"!$#&%('*),+-%#/.0+1!2#4365
$H V_S"oXBWzRUoISimR8VGSFXWRN`;`;E\BJGJ\BJ7V_@;B{C1EGFXg;OPBe FNM1`1BKV_BKEGeDSW;SPW;ifrt@;BKEGB{V_FteDFoXB{JGFnRNJ'VGFAguBKJ\V6CuFNJGSPVGSFXW
V_@1BlEGFXg-FNVv Bh;JGBlVG@;BV_BKEGe # D*)( 3#* UT-# ,3 SPW FXEG`1BEdVGFBeDC;@zRNJ\STKBlSPVGJdEGFNOBcrtS"V_@;SPW V_@1B
HFNWVGB$#IVF8M{RNH$V_SPoNBLOPFQHRNOSPTUR8VGSFXWwv ?V E\J\VyiXO]RNW1HB FXW1BLeDSiX@mVth;J\BdJ\SeDC;OBjeDFNV_FNEAHFXWmV_E\FXO6RNHKVGSFXW1J
3J\h;H @RNJ \eDFoXB Ue M+FXE rR8EG` RNJngzRNJ\SH RNH$V_SFNW;JtSWYRNHKVGSPoXBZWzRUoISiXR8V_SPFXW v yFrxBKoXBKE 87\h;J\VyOFIFXqSW;i
R8VVG@;B>SeDeDB`;SR8V_B W;B$#IV eDFNV_FXEyHFXeDecRNW;`SPJjFNM V_BKWSW;J\h DHSBKWmVU:v 9zFXE B$#1RNeDC;OB 'R EGFXg-FNVeDSiN@V
@zRUoXBpVGF ecFoNBdV_FbRlE\BeDFNV_BLEGFIFXeSPWFXE\`;BE VGF h;W;S Ih1BOP[Y`;B$V_BE\ecSPW;BpS"V_J OPFQHR8V_SPFXW rt@;SH @eDSiN@V
SWmoNFXOPoNBLR>OPFXW;i JGB Ih1BW;HKBdFNM)SW;`1SPoIS`;h;RNOweDFNV_FNEHFXeDecRNW;`;J +HN;v 9fv ;v v
;WLFNEG`;BKE V_FtFoXBE\HFXeDB{V_@;BHKFXecC1OB$#QS"V[ FNMQBJ V_SPeR8VGSW;ixV_@;Bh1VGSOS"V[nFNM;RAJ\B h;BW1HBfF8M1J\h;H @LJ\SeDC;OB
RNH$V_SFNW;J>rfB @zRUoXBYH @;FXJGBKW VGFkHKFXW;JGSP`;BEDeDFXEGB HKFXecC1OB$# RNHKVGSFXW;JK
v ;W FXh;EDRNC1C;EGFmR8H @ frxBYE\BimRNE\`
RNE\g;SPVGE_RNE [ V RNE\iXBKVDC-FXSWmVGJcR8JR8VGFXeDSHbRNH$V_SFNW;JcSPW RNHKVGSPoXB WzRUoISimR^V_SFNW v A@;BKJGB V RNE\iXBKVcCuFNSWmV_JDRNE\B
?
[_
'<9C1B
J
(B
C6B
! ef
ha
8
`
n
n
5
4
f n
H
5
- U
J
forward
2
right
left
move<-9m,-4m>
move<-9m,-4m>
1
backward
501 206
1/3
f
!#"$%
&" '$)( *
,+- .%,/- *-%
&"$/
40
06
40
0
214365$) -)7('&$%
-%
&"$8,+0- .%,/-9('&
":-%$/
JGC-BHKS BK`EGBKO]R8VGSPoNBZVGFDVG@;B Hh;E\EGBWmV EGFXg-FNVnOFIHUR8VGSFXW ;W;FNVySWYRNg;J\FXOh1VGBLHKFQFNEG`;SPWzR8V_BKJv(9FNEnB#1RNecC1OB
RNW RNH$V_SFNW <;>=&? A@Ne Xe rtSPOO^eRNq8B V_@;B{E\FXg-FNV7ecFoNB V_FtRAOFIHUR8VGSFXWB@AecB$V_BE\J'guBK@;SW1`LR8W;`
>eDBKV_BKEGJfVGFpV_@;BjOPBKM V 1EGBKO]R8VGSPoNByV_F>S"V_JHKh;EGE\BWmVtOFIHUR^V_SFNWlRNW;` @1BURN`;SPW;i>`;SPEGBH$V_SPFXW 3J\BB 9SPiXh;E\B ;v v
fBKHURNh;J\BV R8EGiXB$V_JLRNEGBDEGBKC;EGBKJGBWmVGB` EGBKO]R8VGSPoXB>VGFYV_@1BEGFNguFNDV C J C-FXJGS"V_SFNW 'V_@;BcRNg;J\FXOh1VGBcC-FXJ\SPV_SPFXWaFNM
JGh1H @ V RNE\iXBKVGJZJ\V_E\FXW;iXO"[`;BKCuBKW;`;JLFXWVG@;BDguBKOSB$M FNMfVG@;B CuFXJ\SPVGSFXWaBJ V_SPeR8VGBNv 9SPiXh;EGB 1v JbJG@;FrtJLR
JGS"V_hzR^V_SFNW rt@;BKEGBpVG@;Bdg-BOPSBKM SJnHFXW;HKBWmV_EGR8V_BK`aFXW V_@1BLVrxF CuFXJ\SPVGSFXW;JnecRNEGq8B`gm[ V_@;BLg;SicHSE\HOPBJv
A@;B>R8HKV_SPFXW E;>=&? A@Ne Xe ecSPiX@mVyVG@Ih1JHURNE\E\[ V_@;BLEGFXg-FNVyV_FcVG@;BpOPFQHR8V_SPFXWYORNg-BOBK`
FXEVGF VG@;BZOFIHUR8VGSFXW ORNg-BOBK` ;v
7YFXE\ByJ\CuBKHS HURNOPOP[ GF
`;BKW;FNVGBJxVG@;BnHFIFXEG`;SPWzR8VGBtVGE_RNW1J\M+FXE\eR8VGSFXWprt@1SH @lB#1C1EGBJ\JGBKJfV_@;BnEGBRNO
rxFXEGOP`HFIFXEG`;SPWzR8VGBJ F8M{V_@;BdV_RNEGiNBKVjOPFQHR8V_SPFXWYF8MfR8HKV_SPFXW 'RNJ\JGh;eDSW1iV_@zR^V V_@1BpEGFXg-FNVjSPJR8V v ='B$V
HYR8W;`
`;BW;F8V_BlV_@1BlM+FXE\rfRNEG` RNW1` VG@;B JGSP`;BlrfRNEG` HFNecC-FXW;BKWVpFNMyVG@;B eDF/oNBeDBWmVDRNH$V_SFNW
EGBKJGC-BH$V_SPoNBO"[Xv A@;BKW V_@;BVG@;EGBKBlHFNecC-FXW;BKWVGJpFNMAVG@;BV R8EGiXB$VpC-FXSWmVdrt@1BW RNC;C1OP[ISW;i RNHKVGSFXW R^V
OFIHUR^V_SFNW RNE\B iNSPoXBKWbg[ v 1v L v
I
F
HKFXJ K H JGSW JK
JI
L JGSW JK H
F
HFNJ K
;v L
JL
J
S
&
?
d
d
K 7
5
:
H
&
?
d
d
f
K`
J
7
<A (
:
8
h
wA
3
bH
M
In
A
.
<
h
F
(
F
F
F
A G
&
A
<A G
&
A
&
A 7L
L
A [
L
A %
h
(
A G
(
K
L
K
A %
d
1
A %
K
A@;BlE\BecRNSW;`1BEZFNMVG@;SJ JGBKHKV_SPFXW J\CuBKHS BJdVG@;BHKFXecC1h1V R8VGSFXWFNMVG@;BDh1V_SPOSPV[ 6VG@;BHKFXJ\VGJ {R8W;`
V_@1B HKFXJ\V FXCQV_SecRNOuCzR8V_@ M+FXEAW;RoISPimR8V_SPFXWbRNH$V_SFNW;Jv
J
H
:
l0/23(?2 0+ * BM .-7239.1023*-4 N023*-4
;WbFXEG`1BEfVGF>`;BKVGBEGeDSW1B V_@;B h1V_SPOSPV[DFNM7eDFoISW;idVGF RpEGBKO]R8VGSPoXByV RNE\iXBKVfOFIHUR8VGSFXWch;JGSPW;i
-v ;vON rxB
@zRUoXBZV_FDJGC-BHKSPM [ @1F/r V_@;BZg-BOPSBKM)H @zRNW1iXBJnh;C-FXWYB#QBHhQV_SW1iR WzRUoISimR8VGSFXWbR8HKV_SPFXW zv 6FDHFXeDC;h1VGB
QP
rfBZRNC1C;OP[ V_@1BjSWmoXBKEGJGBjF8M'V_@;BHKFQFNEG`;SPWzR8V_BnV_EGRNW;J\M+FNEGecR8V_SPFXWcSPW v 1v L V_FpiXB$VV_@1B
)
5
6O0
.&
*In
=!?.A ;ED
F
R OIn
<
hH
<
EGBKJGh;O"V_SPW;i guBKOSB$M
Ul
;v
yFr rxB HRNWcrtE\SPVGBnVG@;ByhQV_SOPSPV[dFNM'RNC1C;OP[ISW1iLR8HKV_SPFXW >RNJxiNSPoXBKWSPW v ;v v yBE\B
SJW;F8V
OSPecS"V_BK`V_FDR>HBKE\V R8SWbqSW;` FNM)JGBW1JGFXEyRNW;` rxB rtSPOOw`1SJGHKh;JGJtV_@1B J\BW;J\FXEnecFI`;BOwSW BKHKV_SPFXW ;v NIv
QP
=!?.A <;D
&
F
ARt
&
F
&
=!?.A ;ED
(
F A k0/
Y
1
In
a
4
<
qO:RtA wP
U
DWVYX[Z
M^VY_`D<Z
r
gihJg sp"V
m7k
x Z
u|yx VY_ND
1,
F V x Z Z
(
p"V
m7k
x Z u|yx VY_ND
p"V
m7k
F V x Z Z
(
V
X[Z
Z
L* K0D* AMY.-72+9.10/2+*-4 N0/2+*-4
A@;BxHFXJ V_J6FNM;E\BURNH @;SPW;iRAV R8EGiXB$V)C-FXSPWV6HRNWd`;S"!wBKE7JGh;g;J V RNWmVGS]RNOPOP[`1BC-BW;`;SPW;i FNW VG@;B VGSeDB FNM VGE_RUoXBKO v
6FDBKJ\VGSecR8V_B
M+FNEtRNWbRNHKVGSFXW rfBZBKJ\V_SPeR^V_B VG@;BjB$#QC-BHKVGB` HFXJ V_JtFXW V_@1BjHFXJ V FNC1V_SPeRNO-CzR8VG@
M+EGFNe VG@;BHh1EGEGBKWmVtOFIHUR8VGSFXWcFNM'V_@;BjE\FXg-FNVfVGFpV_@;B V_RNEGiNBKVAOPFQHR8V_SPFXW v )F>`;F>J\F ;FXh1ERNC;C1EGFmRNH @bE\BJ\VGJ
FXW V_@;BnRNJ\JGh;eDC1VGSFXW>V_@;R8V R ecRNC FNM-V_@;BtBKWoISPEGFXW;eDBWmV SJ RUo8RNSORNg;OPB 8rt@1SH @DJGC-BHS BJrt@;SPH @cC-FXSWmVGJ
{RNE\BdFIHHh1C;SBK`RNW;`Yrt@;SH @R8EGB W;FNVU<v ;W FXh;EnSeDC;OBKecBKWV_R8V_SPFXW 1VG@;BLrxFXE\O` eDFI`;BO'SPJyiXS"oXBKWRNJyRNW
FIHHh1CzRNW;H$[biXEGSP` eRNCwv
m57&).;4 &),/
* 6. 23(32+0/2 ='B$V `;BKW;FNV_B>VG@;B C;EGFXg;RNg;SOPSPV[ V_@zR^VZOFIHUR8VGSFXW xSJjg;OPFQH q8B`
gm[ RNW FXg1J\V R8HOB8v A@1B EGFNguFNVc@zRNJDV_FkHFXeDC;h1VGBYV_@1B C;E\FXgzRNg;SPOS"V[ V_@zR^VlRkV_RNEGiNBKVcCuFXSPWmV
SPJLFIHHKh;C;SBK` v nBKHURNOPO V_@zR8VLV_@;BcEGFXg-FNVL`;FIBJdW1FNVdqW;Fr SPVGJLB#1RNHKVdOFIHUR8VGSFXW V_@h;J SPVLeph;J V
(4( :
# 4(dV_@;B>C1EGFXgzR8g;SOPSPV[ V_@;R8V RV RNE\iXBKVCuFXSPWmV YSPJFIHHh1C;SBK` v A@1SJC;E\FXgzRNg1SOS"V[brtSOO6g-B
`;BKW;FNVGB` v jBFXeDBKVGEGSPHjHFXW;J\S`;BKE_R8VGSFXW1JyC-BE\ecS"VnVG@;B V_EGRNW;JGOR8V_SPFXW >M+EGFNe 3SPW
E\BURNO rxFXEGOP` HFIFXEG`;SPWzR8VGBJ VGF +SWbEGFXg-FNVtHKFQFXE\`;SW;R8V_BKJ
F
;Ov @
2
,&
,)
6O0
&
H
9:
H
:
:
.H
!
J
5
A
e0 0
0
Q$'&
;
A @P
8A
H
M]
9C6B
C
H
;
8P
[
#
:
;
P
&
=!?.A ;ED
gds
;
< P
A &
!
9
A P
l
;
P
(
A k
1
yimRNSW 9F SJpVG@;B HFIFXEG`1SWzR8VGBlV_EGRNW;J\M+FNEGecR8V_SPFXW SWmVGEGFI`;h;HBK` SW v ;vKL v ;W BKJGJ\BW;HKB
v ;v @ V_EGRNW;JGOR8V_BKJ M+FXEDRNWm[ V_@;B C-FXSWmV SPWVGFkE\BURNO rxFXEGOP` HFIFXEG`;SPWzR8VGBJ F xV_@1BW
HKFXW;JGSP`;BE\JnVG@;B FQHKHh;CzR8W;HK[bFNM)V_@;SPJtCuFXSPWmV F
v A@;B B$#QCuBKHKVGB`FIHHKh;CzRNW;H$[ SJV_@1BW
FXgQV RNSPW;B` gm[ RUoNBE_R8iXSW;iDFoXBKERNOPO'OFIHUR8VGSFXW;J rxBSiN@VGB`Yg[bVG@;BLE\FXg-FNVC Jyg-BOPSB$MFNM RNHKVGhzRNOPOP[
g-BSPW;icVG@;BE\B
v A@;BdE\BJ\h;OPV SJyVG@;BdB#QCuBKHKV_BK`aFQHKHh;CzR8W;HK[YFNMRC-FXSPWV EGBKO]R8VGSPoXB
VGF VG@;BZEGFXg-FNVv
L* K0 >.z4 X* K0 _*&70/2 k.z( &6.10 RNJ\B` FXW yVG@;BB$#QC-BH$V_B` CzR8VG@ OPBW;i8V_@=RNW;`=V_@1B
HKFXJ\V FXC1VGSecRNOC-FXOSPHK[ HRNW g-B FXgQV RNSPW;B` V_@;E\FXh;iX@ *,# ( ()% # , 3 ARCuFNC;h;O]R8EDoNBEGJ\SFXW FNM
`1[IWzR8ecSPHAC;EGFXiNE_RNeDecSPW;i 3J\BBnBNv i;v H= j @N ;M+FXE`;B$V RNSPOJ v R8Oh;BtSPVGBEGR8V_SPFXW RNJGJ\SiXW1JVGFLBRNH @
OPFQHR8V_SPFXW R *,# ( ? V_@zR^VjEGBKC;EGBKJGBWmVGJ S"V_JB#QCuBKHKV_BK`a`;SJ V RNW;HKBpV_FVG@;BpE\FXguF8VUv ;W;S"V_S]R8OOP[
?
SJ J\BKVVGF M+FXEtV_@1BpOFIHUR8VGSFXW
rt@;SH @SPJyV_@1BdEGFNguFNDV C J OFIHUR8VGSFXW zE\BHRNOO7V_@zR^V
?
S
In
<
(
A In
3AU
<
:
P
(
A k
(
A H
AU
2
:=!?.A ;ED
,& /&
0 ,&
A &
1+
H
7
.& ;
< P
:
@
e
-
@
SF
X
BDC
C1B
G
< T
&
5
N
- U
SJpJ\CuBKHS B ` SW EGBKO]R8VGSPoNBlHFIFXEG`1SWzR8VGBJ RNW;` M+FXE>RNOPOfFNVG@;BE>OPFQHR8V_SPFXW;J zv A@;B o8RNOh;B
M+h;W1HKV_SPFXW ? S JVG@;BWYh;Cu`;R8V_BK`YE\BHh1EGJGS"oXBKOP[bRNHKHFXE\`;SW1i VGF>V_@;BjM+FXOPOFrtSW;idEGh;OPBNv
? ec SPW ? ;v nBEGB DSJpeDSW1SeDSTBK` FoXBKE RNOO 3 ( UT,E$'$, %C( FNM S?v B8v RNOPOxOPFQHR8V_SPFXW;JLVG@zR8V>HRNW guB E\BURNH @1B`
M+E\FXe rtSPV_@ RYJ\SW;iXOPB )R8V_FNecSPH>ecFNVGFXEZHFXeDecRNW;` v ;v RNJGJ\h;ecBKJLVG@zR8V V_@;BcHFXJ V_JLM+FNE
VGE_RUoXBKEGJGSPW;iRbC-FXSWmV SJjC1EGFXC-FXE\VGSFXW;RNOV_FbV_@1BcC;E\FXgzRNg1SOS"V[YVG@zR8V SPJ FIHHKh;C;SPB` v
; VGBE_R^V_SPoNBO"[RNC1C;OP[ISW1i ;v OBUR8`;JV_FlVG@;B>HFXJ VjM+h;W;H$V_SFNW
M+FXEEGBRNH @;SPW;i RNWm[C-FXSWmV
E\BO]R^V_SPoNBV_FVG@;B EGFXg-FNV xR8W;` @;SOPOxHKOSedg;SW;i SW ? 3J\V_RNE\VGSW;iaR^V iNSPoXBKJpV_@;BbHKFXJ\V FXC1VGSecRNO
CzR^V_@ M+EGFXe V_@;BZEGFNguFNDV C JAHKh;EGE\BWmVyCuFXJ\SPVGSFXWlVGFcR8W[lOFIHUR8VGSFXW zv
A@;SJdHFXeDC;OB$V_BKJdV_@;B`;BJ\HEGSPC1V_SPFXW FNMnR8HKV_S"oXBlW;RoISPimR8V_SPFXWkrtS"V_@ VG@;BlC;h1EGC-FXJGB FNMtOPFQHRNOSPTUR8VGSFXWwv
6F JGh;eDeR8EGSTKB tRNH$V_SPFXW;JlE\BC;E\BJGBKWmV R8EGg;S"V_E_R8E\[ V RNE\iXBKVCuFNSWmV_JlE\BOR8V_S"oXBYVGF V_@;B EGFXg-FNV C JlHKh;EGE\BWmV
C-FXJGS"V_SFNW v ?yHKVGSFXW;J RNEGBLJGBKOBH$V_BK`g[YecR^#QSeDSTSPW;iDRcrxBSiN@VGB`J\h;eF8M B$#QCuBKHKVGB`a`;BHKEGBRNJGB>SPW
h;W;HKBE V RNSPWV[ 3BKWVGEGFXCm[ RNW;` HKFXJ\VGJjFNM ecFoISW;icV_@;BKEGBN8v ;WaFXE\`;BE VGFlqNBKBCaV_@;B>HKFXeDC;h1V R^V_SFNWzRNO
HFNecC;OPB$#QSPV[YrtSPVG@;SWE\BURNJ\FXWzRNg;OPB guFXh1W;`;J 7V_@1BDH @;RNW;iXB FNMxh;W;HKBE\V_RNSWmV[aSPJjecBRNJGh;E\B`FXW;O"[R8VZV_@1B
V R8EGiXB$VyOPFQHR8V_SPFXW 0v fFXJ V_J RNEGBZHFNW;JGSP`;BE\B` g-BHRNh;J\BLV_@1BK[becR[oNR8E\[b`;EGRNJ\VGSHUR8OOP[cg-BKVrxBBW`1SP!uBEGBKWmV
V R8EGiXB$V>CuFNSWmV_JKv ;W VG@;B W;B#QV J\BH$V_SFNW rfB rtSOPO RNC;C;O"[ FXh1EpC;EGSPW;HSPC;OBcFNMyRNHKVGSFXW JGBOPBH$V_SFNW V_FV_@1B
C;E\FXg;OBKe FNMRNH$V_SPoNBZJGBW1JGSW1i;v
J
=H
< d
P
;
< L
F
a
G
<
9B
3F j
1
f
"
<P
<
f
j
<
f
;
< k
:
H
H
f 1K ' 5$#/5
"!$#&%('
.
x[ RNHKVGSPoNBdJGBKW;JGSPW;ilrxB R8VGV_RNH q VG@;BdC1EGFXg;OPBe FNM rt@;BKEGBpVGF \C-FXSWmV DV_@;BdEGFXg-FNVC J J\BW;J\FXEGJjJ\FbRNJyVGF
g-BJ\VtOPFQHRNOSPTBtV_@;BjE\FXg-FNVUv ;W VG@;SJHKFXWmV_B#QVyRNH$V_S"oXBjJGBKW;JGSPW;i SJARpJ\CuBKHSRNO HUR8JGBjFNM)RNH$V_SPoNBjWzRUoISimR8VGSFXW
rt@;SPH @SJ E\BURNOPSTKB`gm[C-FXSPWVGSW;iDV_@;BdJGBW1JGFXESPWmV_FVG@;Bp`;SPEGBH$V_SPFXW rt@;SPH @eR^#QSPecSPTBJtV_@1BpB$#QC-BHKVGB`
h1VGSOS"V[Xv
l0/23(?2 0+ * I4 2?479 N0/2+*-4
='BKV K = `;BKW;FNVGBZVG@;BZRNH$V_SFNW FNMC-FXSPWVGSW;iLV_@;BjJ\BW;J\FXEtSWmV_FpVG@;BZ`;SE\BHKVGSFXWkEGBOR8V_S"oXB VGF
V_@1B E\FXg-FNV C JAFXEGSPBWmV R^V_SFNW v A@;B h1V_SPOS"V[cF8M JGh1H @RNW RNH$V_SFNW SPJAiXSPoNBWbgm[
;v
K
K
OFNi K K
yBKEGB KaRNE\BlFXW;O"[VG@;FXJ\BlJGBKW;J_R8VGSFXW1JpCuBKEGHKBSPo8RNg1OBSPW V_@1BlHFXE\EGBKJGC-FXW;`;SPW;i`;SE\BH$V_SFN
W x
v {OPBURNJ\B
W;FNVGBdV_@;R8VrxBDE\BC;ORNHBK`
QP
K SW v ;v N gm[
g-BHRNh;JGBprxB RNJ\JGh;eDB
V_@;R8VpC-FXSWmVGSW;i R JGBKW;JGFXE>SPW R J\CuBKHS Hl`;SPEGBH$V_SPFXW `;FIBJpW1FNVpH @zR8W;iXBVG@;BlC-FXJGS"V_SFNW RNW;`kV_@h;JpV_@1B
J\V_R8V_BZFNM6V_@1B E\FXg-FNVUv
)
5
&
S$
&
PGK M6O0
&
H
DU
&
9
<;D L
g h
gds
P
RdA qO
=!?.A <;D
&
P
A RtA =!?.A <;D
qO
P
a
qO
Rt
&
A /
<
f7f O
j=!?.A ;ED
&
A7R
bIn
Z
1
8=!?.A ;ED
&
A J
!#"$!&%(')!*",+-%/.10243$576*!839%:3,3$5<;,5<;,%>=(?@A?*BC1DFE9D<GH@IDKJ#L/%M"5<%40N3O2MPQL:%MRTS!#5U3$!*"H%:3572M0WVN;5T096!#%(63572M09;O%4"$!#%M;$;S+-!&'
32-XY!Z')!3$!*"$+-5T05<;35<64[
L
L* K0 >* I4 U23479 N0/2+*u4
;WZV_@;SPJ rfFXE\q rxBfRNJ\JGh;eDB{V_@zR^V'V_@;BHFNJ\V_J7M+FXE'C-FXSWmVGSW;itRAJGBKW;JGFNE)`;FIBJ7W;F8V7`;BC-BW;`LFXWjV_@;B`;SPEGBKHKV_SPFXW v
A@h;JprxB HURNW W;BKiXOBKHKV>HKFXJ\VGJ>`;h;E\SW;iR8HKV_S"oXBlJ\BW;J\SW;iaR8W;` JGBKOBH$VpV_@1BlCuFNSWmV_SPW;i `;SPEGBKHKV_SPFXW J\FXOBKOP[
gzRNJ\B`YFXW V_@;BZh1VGSOS"V[Xv
2
,& /&
)
S$
&
+6O0
.&
H
; WbV_@;SPJAJGBH$V_SPFXW rfB `;SJ\Hh;J\JAV_@;BZ`;S"!wBKEGBWmVnRNJ\JGh;eDC1VGSFXW;JtFXW rt@;SPH @YFNh;EAB DHSPBWmVnSeDC;OBKecBKWmV R8VGSFXW
FNMtR8HKV_S"oXBDOFIHURNOPSTR8V_SPFXWSJZgzR8JGB`wv 9zh;E V_@;BKEGeDFXEGB rxBC;E\F/oISP`;BcB#1RNecC1OB JGS"V_hzR8VGSFXW1J SPWkrt@;SPH @ FXh1E
SeDC;OPBeDBWmV R8VGSFXWDrtSOPO OBRN` V_F JGh;g FXC1VGSecRNOwJ\FXOhQV_SFNW;Jv
`
w
E 8
':
' !#/"!' ' 5#5 . 3 '
A@;BpHKFXeDC;OB#1S"V[ FNMHFXeDC;h1VGSW;iDV_@;Bdh1V_SPOSPV[lFNM RJGSPW;iXOPBdRNH$V_SPFXW SJySW
-rt@1BEGB SPJ
V_@1BLWh;epg-BEyFNM OPFQHR8V_SPFXW;JtRNW1` ISJAVG@;BdWh;epg-BEnFNMCuFXJ\JGSPg;OB JGBKW;JGFXEyecBRNJGh1EGBeDBWmVGJ +HFXeDCzRNE\B
v 1v Gv ;WpV_@;SPJJ\BHKVGSFXWLrfBfrtSPOO`;SPJGHh1JGJ @;Fr V_FyEGBK`;h;HBVG@;BfJ\STKBFNM Nrt@;SPH @pSWdFXh;E R8C;C;EGFXRNH @
HFNW;JGSPJ\V_JjF8M`;SJ V RNW;HKBJjeDBURNJ\h;EGBK`ag[YC;E\F#QSPecS"V[YJ\BW;J\FXEGJZJ\h;H @RNJjJGFXW;RNEJGBKW;JGFNEGJjFXEORNJGBKE EGRNW;iXB
W;`1BEGJ v ;W FXEG`1BELVGFYV_RNqNBcSWmV_F RNHHKFXh;WmV>RNOPO{V_@;BDSW1M+FNEGecR8V_SPFXWV_@zR8VLHUR8W guBDimR8VG@;BE\B` R^VdV_@1B
V R8EGiXB$VAOFIHUR8VGSFXWcrt@;BW HFXeDC;h1VGSW;iLV_@;BZh1VGSOS"V[ FNMRNWbRNHKVGSFXW ;SPVxrfFXh1O`bguBjW1BHBKJGJGRNE\[ VGFDHKFXW;J\S`;BKE
V_@1B>JGSPVGhzR8VGSFXW rt@1BWV_@;B>E\FXg-FNV E\B:J # SPV_J C;EGFU#QSeDSPV[ JGBKW;JGFNEGJ R8VVG@;BpV RNE\iXBKVOFIHUR8VGSFXW v =@1SOB
V_@1SJ rxFXh;O` E\BJGh1OPV SW>V_@1BAguBKJ\V BJ V_SecR8VGBAFNMuVG@;Bth;W;HKBE\V_RNSWmV[ R^M V_BE E\SW;iVG@;BtEGFXg-FNDV C J{J\BW;J\FXEGJ QV_@1B
Wh;epg-BE IFNM{C-FXJGJ\Sg;OPB eDBUR8JGh;E\BeDBWmV_JyiXEGFrtJ B#QCuFXW1BWmV_SRNOO"[ SW V_@;B Wh;epg-BE F8M{JGBKW;JGFXEyguBRNeDJ
V_F guBYHFXW;J\S`;BKEGBK` 3JGBKB -v ;v v A@1BEGBRN`;BEeRU[ W;FNVGSHB V_@zR^V R J\HURNW FNM V_@;BC1EGFU#QSeDSPV[
JGBKW;JGFNEGJ F8M FXh;EtE\FXguF8VyHKFXW;J\SJ\VGJyF8M Dh;OPVGE_RNJ\FXh;W;`YRNW;` JML O]R8JGBEtEGRNW;iXB eDBURNJ\h;EGBKecBKWVGJv A@Ih1J SPV
SJf`;B W1SPV_BKOP[SW1M+BRNJGSPg;OBnV_F>HFNW;JGSP`;BEtRNOPOuJ\BW;J\FXEGJKOv 5W V_@1BjFNV_@;BKE@zRNW1` HKFXW;J\S`;BKEGSW1i>FXW;OP[cBNv i;v1VrxF
#QB`cJGBKW;JGFXE g-BURNeDJ rfFNh;O` EGBKJGh;O"V SWDRoXBE [ EGBKJ\V_E\SH$V_B`DBJ V_SPeR8VGSFXW>F8MuVG@;Bth1V_SPOSPV[ 5W;OP[LM+BUR8VGh;EGBKJ
`;B$V_BH$V RNg1OB SWV_@1BcHKFXEGE\BJGC-FXW;`1SW;i VrxF `;SPEGBH$V_SPFXW;JrxFXh;O`g-B V_RNqNBKW SPWVGF RNHHKFXh;WmVU:v ;WkFNEG`;BKEZVGF
FoXBKEGHFNecB V_@;SPJDHKFXepg;SPWzR8VGFXEGSRNOB$#QC;OPFXJGSPFXW RNW;` J V_SOPOiXB$VlREGBUR8OSJ V_SPH BJ\VGSecR8V_BbFNM V_@;B B$#QC-BHKVGB`
`;BKHEGBRNJGBYSW h;W;HKBE\V_RNSWmV[ frfB RNJGJ\h;eDB VG@zR8V V_@;B EGFNguFNV EGBJ!,3#" JGBKW;JGFXEcH @;FXJ\BW % #31$&% R^V
V_@1BZV_RNEGiNBKVnOFIHUR8VGSFXWwv =SPV_@ VG@;SJnRNJ\JGh;eDC1V_SPFXW rfBLRNE\BLR8g;OBjV_FDRUoXBKE_RNiNBLFoXBKEnVG@;B h1V_SPOSPVGSBKJxM+FXEAV_@1B
`;S"!wBKEGBWmVZJ\BW;J\FXELg-BUR8ecJ rt@;SH @EGBKJGh;O"V_JjSWR HFNecC;OPB$#QSPV[ D3#" #%lSPWV_@;B Wh;epg-BEjFNMxHFNW;JGSP`;BE\B`
JGBKW;JGFNEGJv
H
N
0R ;Rt,
8
R 7R i
R 7R
In
<
Q;
;:
J
R
S
J
@D@
_
J
R 7R
In
<
H
ZKd
;:
H
J
J
,l
J
@ E
_
@ B
%(''. &( *-,'5 _*&70/2 k.z(x% $0/2 k.10/2+*u4 * l0/23(32+0/2
5h;EJ\SeDC;OS B` J\BW;J\SW;i eDFI`;BOtEGBKJGh;O"V_JcSW OPFXJGJDFNMjSPW1M+FXE\eR8VGSFXW rt@;BKW HFXeDC;h1VGSW;iaV_@1B h1VGSOS"V[
FNM RNHKVGSFXW1Jv 9SPiXh;E\B ;v ?R SPOOh1J\V_EGR8V_BKJ>RJGS"V_hzR8VGSFXW SW rt@;SH @ VG@;SJ>E\BJ\VGEGSPHKV_BK` eDFI`;BO [QSPBOP`;J R
)+A* 0 2MS" 57+, RT!&+-!*0N3$%43572M0 3! ;!-+-!&%(;S "!&+ !&0N3$; %4"$!-')57;$6"$!3$5.-&!&' 5T0N3$20/2143 SRT3"H%M;2MS09'&5 2M"76982:3KR7%(;!&" "$%M0<;M!+=
> 0 '!*"5 ')5@Q? !*"$!*0N3 ')5<; 3H%40 6*!&;&[
!+
Q$[)
1+
J
^&
1+
)75
Q$'&
{
V6 6 M
JGh1g FXCQV_SecRNOuBJ\VGSecR8V_BjF8M)VG@;BZh1V_SPOSPV[cFNM)CuFNJGJGSPg;OBZR8HKV_SPFXW;JKv
:
.%/ ('&$%$%
5 %- &"$,+- %. ,5',- " 5'
/+ VtZ
V
5
Z
.%/(.%#$%#" - %- &" ,+0-*,.%.%#$)('&"
Q"
yBKEGB V_@;B E\FXg-FNV>SJprtS"V_@ B Ih;RNOAOSPqNBOPS@;FIFI`kFNM JSPW FXW;B FNMtVG@;BlV_@;E\BBb`;S"!wBKEGBWmV @zR8OOPrfRU[IJ
`;BKC;SH$V_B` 9SiXh1EGB ;v ?R v 9zFXE JGSeDC;OPSHS"V[ VG@;B iXh;EGBcFXW;O"[a`;BC;SPHKVGJLV_@1BJGBcCuFNJGSPVGSFXW1JLR8W;`kVG@;BSPE
W;BKSiX@g-FXEGSPW;iAOFIHUR8VGSFXW1Jv A@;BguBKOSPBKM
M+FXE V_@;BE\BJGh1OPV_SPW;itW;SW1B OPFQHR8V_SPFXW;JuHURNW guBE\BC;E\BJGBKWmV_B`
gm[ VG@;BlecR8V_E\S"#kSW 9)SiXh;E\B ;v +g v2;W V_@1SJpJ\SeDC;OBDB$#1RNeDC;OBcrfB FXW1OP[HFXW1JGS`1BEdVG@;BlM+FXOOPFrtSW;i
VrxFkR8HKV_SPFXW;J
ecFoNBlFXW;B J V_BC
RNW1` eDFoXBlFXW1B J\V_BKC
vN;W FXE\`;BEdVGF
M+h;E V_@;BKEjEGBJ V_E\SHKVjVG@;B HFXeDC;OPB$#QSPV[YFNMV_@;B B#;R8ecC;OPBdrxBcR8JGJGh1ecB>V_@;R8VjV_@;B>E\FXg-FNVj@zRNJjVrxFbCuBKE\M+BH$V
JGBKW;JGFNEGJ FXW1Bnrt@;SPH @lEGBKOSRNg;OP[p`;BKVGBHKVGJf`;FIFXE\JRNW;`DrR8OOJ FXWcSPV_J EGSPiX@mV JGS`1BRNW;`cFXW;Bnrt@;SH @lE\BOPS]RNg;O"[
`;B$V_BH$V_J>`;FIFXE\J>RNW;` rfRNOOPJdFXW VG@;BlE\FXguF8V C JpOB$M VpJGSP`;BNv A@h;JpVG@;BlJGB$V F8MtCuFXJ\JGSPg;OBcCuBKEGHBKC1V_J SPW
FXh;E B$#1RNeDC;OPByHKFXW;JGSPJ\VGJfFNM VG@;B C;RNSE\J =
=
=
QR8W;` =
FNM
JGBKW;JGFNEjecBRNJGh;E\BeDBWmV_J urt@;BE\B>BNv i;v = :SJyV_@;BpC-BE\HBKC1VjFNMJ\Seph;O"V RNW1BFXh;J\OP[ `;B$V_BH$V_SPW;i
R>`;FIFXEAFXWbV_@;BZOB$M VtRNW;`YRprR8OO'FXW V_@1B E\SiX@mVtJ\S`;B8v
;WV_@;SPJJGSPecC1OB B$#1RNeDC;OBLSPVySJeDFXJ\V HFXWmoNBW;SPBWmVjV_F R8C;C;OP[ V_@1BdM+FXOOPFrtSW;iDB hzR8VGSFXWYM+FXE HKFXe
C;h1VGSW;i>VG@;BZh1V_SPOSPV[cFNM6V_@;BjVrxFR8HKV_SPFXW;J +JGBBLRNOPJGF v ;v v
QP
OFXi
QP
;v
a
n
Q
f
J
7
=!?.A ;ED H
l
b
f 1K !"$#!%&"('
)*%*+,(#*%$"('
l
H
.-
O
X
I X^]0/"-
3-
X
I_
X
I\_
]1/"-3_
I X^]0/"
2-3_
I_
]0/
]0/
n
ND
&
9
;ED L
g h
g s
*In
&
=!?.A <;D
ARdO
1
*:
k
=!?.A ;ED
&
ARdO
P
OQRt
<
f/K )FYHFXeDC;h1VGBDVG@;B JGh;e SPW v ;v rxBeph;J V HFXW;J\S`;BKEdR8OO{C-FXJGJ\Sg;OPB>HFXepg1SWzR8VGSFXW1JjFNMV_@1B
M+FXh;EyCuBKEGHKBC1VGJ >RNW1`V_@;BpW1SW;BpOPFQHR8V_SPFXW;J M+FNE BUR8H @F8M{V_@;BdVrxF RNHKVGSFXW1J zv R8g;OB 1v pSPW;HOPh;`;BKJ
FXW;O"[VG@;FXJGBjHKFXepg;SPWzR8VGSFXW;JxM+FXEfrt@;SPH @
v tv i;v;S"M7V_@;BjE\FXguF8VtecFoXBKJtFXW;BjJ\VGBC
SPVySJnW;FNV CuFNJGJGSPg;OBZV_FcFXg;J\BE\oNB =
-WzRNeDBO"[bR`;FIFXEnFXWS"V_JnOBKM V RNW;`RDrfRNOO6FXWS"V_JnEGSiN@V
3H8v 9xv ;v 3R v
A@;B>M+FXh;E V_@HFNOh;eDWSWVG@;BpV RNg1OBpE\BC;E\BJGBKWmV_JZV_@;B>g-BOPSBKM
QP 2 R8M VGBEC-BE M+FXEGeDSW;i
RNH$V_SFNW kR8W;` CuBKEGHKBSPoISPW;i Xv ZS"oXBKW V_@;BKJGB # ( ")% ,% jguBKOSPBKM+J SPVpSPJdHKOBUR8ELrt@;SPH @ F8MAV_@;BVrxF
RNH$V_SFNW;JcJ\@;FXh;OP` g-B C;E\BKM+BE\EGBK` =@;SOPB VG@;B C-BE\HBCQV_JlFXW V_@;BYOFIHUR8VGSFXW;J SPW M+EGFNWVFNMVG@;BEGFNguFNV
HUR8W;W;FNVt`;SPJ_RNedg;SiXh;R8V_B VG@;BjV_@;E\BBZC-FXJGJ\Sg;OPBOFIHUR8VGSFXW1J 1BRNH @ CuBKEGHBKC1VneR8`;BZR8M V_BKEACuBKE\M+FXE\ecSPW;ipV_@1B
H
jIn
<
f/K @O
A
-P
7-
4
BM
X
Z\_
w
qO:Rt 5& 4
Z
]0/
k
=@?.A
<;ED
jO
#
>
9C
;B
5lb_
!
f
6!"$#*%&"('
H
+
^H
;B
QR
0O 3 * -%
&"
/.*/(X
p
m
V
m7k
QP
uw|yx VY_`D
X[Z
X
k
QP
Z
nWm
^VY_`D
1
X{Z
DWVYX[Z
U
"
#%$&'
()*
1
"
#%$&'
+)(*
1
"
#%$&'
1
f
k.mtn
1
! !,
R8g v ;v Xv6fFXecC-FXW;BKWmV_JtFNM6V_@;BZh1VGSOS"V_SPBJxrt@1BW HFXW;J\S`;BKEGSPW;i guFNVG@YJ\BW;J\FXEGJnJGSPeph;O"V RNW;BKFXh;J\OP[Xv
H
f
4
NR H$V_SFNW
[ISBKO`;JtR>h;W;S h;BZ`;BKVGBEGeDSW;R8V_SPFXWlFNM6V_@;BZE\FXguF8VC JAOFIHUR8VGSFXW +HNv;9fv ;v ?R v A@;SPJ
M3RNH$V SJRNOJ\F EGBKC;EGBKJGBWmVGB` SW VG@;BBWmVGEGFXC;SPBJ
QP
v A@h;Jlrt@1BW V RNqSPW;i # jJGBKW;JGFNEGJ
JGSPeph;O"V RNW;BKFXh;J\OP[cSWmV_F RNHKHFXh1WV ;V_@;BjE\BJ\h;OPVGSW;i>h1VGSOPSPV_SPBJ
HFXE\EGBKHKV_O"[lE\B%-zBKHKVtV_@;BZC;E\BKM+BKEGBW1HBZFNM
V_@1BLR8HKV_SPFXW
v
=@;BWYRNC;C1OP[ISW;i>FNh;EAEGBKJ\V_E\SH$V_B` JGBKW;JGSPW;i ecFI`;BKO QVG@;BjJGBKW;JGFNEGJyRNEGBjHKFXW;JGSP`;BE\B` SW;`1BC-BW;`;BKWmV_OP[
RNW;` VG@;BjEGBKJGh;O"V_SW1i>CuBKEGHBKC1V_J RNEGB =
=
;R8W;`
Zv ; VtJG@;FNh;O`bg-BjW;FNV_BK`
V_@;R8V FNW;OP[ SPW VG@;SJtJ\SeDC;OBZB$#1RNeDC;OPBZVG@;B WIh1epguBKE QF8M{HFXW1JGS`1BEGBK` C-BE\HBCQV_JSPJnW1FNV E\B`;h1HB` g[
h;J\SW;i>V_@1SJAJGBKW;JGSPW;ieDFI`;BO +M+FXh;EtC-BE\HBCQV_JnSW g-FNV_@ HURNJ\BJ v A@;BZEGBOPBKo8RNWmVto8RNOh;BKJM+FXEAHFNecC;hQV_SW1i
V_@1B h1V_SPOSPV[aF8MAV_@;BlVrxFRNHKVGSFXW;JdRNEGBiXSPoNBW SW )RNg;OPB ;v Qv x[ HFXW;J\S`;BKEGSPW;iV_@;BCuBKEGHBKC1V_J SPW;`;B
C-BW;`;BKWmV_OP[ SPVySJyW;FNVjC-FXJ\JGSg1OBZV_Fl`;B$V_BKHKVjV_@;R8V VG@;BpOFIHUR^V_SFNWYHRNWguBLh;W;S Ih1BOP[Y`;B$V_BE\ecSPW;B`R8M V_BKE
C-BE\M+FNEGeDSW;ijV_@1ByR8HKV_SPFXW
cRNW;` EGSPW;iZV_@;BnEGFXg-FNDV C JJGBKW;JGFNEGJ +JGBKByV_@1Byg-BOPSBKM+J{SPWDVG@;BtM+FXh;E\VG@
HFNOh;eDW v A@Ih1JBKoNBW V_@;FNh;iX@VG@;BEGBRNOwhQV_SOPSPV[>F8M'V_@;BnVrfF RNH$V_SPFXW;JfSPJfJ\SiXW;S HUR8WVGOP[ `;S"!wBKEGBKWV 1FXh1E
JGBKW;JGSPW;iDecFI`;BO RNJGJ\SiXW;JAVG@;BZJ_RNeDBjh1V_SPOS"V[cVGFDg-FNVG@YR8HKV_SPFXW;JKv
;W VG@;SJ'B#1RNecC1OB rxBxJ\@;FrfBK`LV_@;R8V'rt@;BWLHFXW1JGS`1BEGSPW;iAV_@;BJ\BW;J\FXEGJ6FNMIV_@;B{E\FXguF8V7SW;`;BKCuBKW;`;BKWVGOP[
V_@1B hQV_SOPSPV[cFNMRNHKVGSFXW;JASPJAJGFXeDBKVGSeDBJ V31$)" % 4" ( :% # " 1Nv
7)*%*+,(#*%$"('
n
9=
;ED
R
O
ND
M
4
H
IH
@D@
) %!+,(#*%&"'
_
O
-
X
/"
-3_
/
-
X^]1/"
-
_
]0/
R 7R
hH
=H
K
9:
n
J
)*%*+,(#*%$"('
^
H
J
9C1B
C
"!$#43(5
nJ W;FNVGB`YRNg-F/oNB zV_@1BLHKFXecC1OB$#QS"V[lFNMHFXeDC;h1VGSW;i>V_@1B hQV_SOPSPV[cFNM{R8W RNH$V_SPFXWbSJtSW
v ;W
FXh;EfSeDC;OBKecBKWV_R8V_SPFXWF8MR8HKV_S"oXBW;RoISPimR8V_SPFXWVG@;Bj`;SJ\HE\BKV_SPTUR8VGSFXWFNM7V_@;BZRNH$V_SPFXW JGCzR8HBZRNJAJ\@;FrtWYSPW
9SPiXh;EGB ;v SPJRNJ{JGecRNOPO;RNJ VG@;BAEGBKJGFXOPh1V_SPFXW>FNMV_@;BnRNC1C;OSPB`>C-FXJGS"V_SFNWpC;EGFNgzRNg;SPOSPV[ iXE\S` v A@;SPJ E\BJ\h;OPVGJ
SWRNWFoXBKE_RNOPOHFNecC;OPB$#QSPV[ FNM
M+FXEyHFXeDC;h1VGSW;iVG@;BpW;B#IVjguBKJ\VZR8HKV_SPFXW v ; VjJ\@;FXh;OP`
g-B W;FNVGB` VG@zR8VVG@;SJDHFNecC;OPB$#QSPV[ iXE\FrtJB$#QC-FXW;BKWVGS]RNOPOP[ SW V_@;BYWh;epg-BElFNMJGh;HKHBJ\JGS"oXBRNHKVGSFXW1J
V_Fag-B HFXW1JGS`1BEGBK` v ;W FXEG`;BKEpV_FaFoXBKEGHFNecB V_@1SJpSPW;HE\BURNJ\B SPW HFXeDC;OPB$#QSPV[krt@;SOPBlJ\VGSOOxEGB$V RNSPW;SW;i
V_@1BLR8g;SOPSPV[DV_FDHFXW;J\S`;BKEtEGBeDFNVGB OPFQHR8V_SPFXW;JfM+FNEtRNHKVGSPoXBZOPFQHRNOSPTUR8VGSFXW mrxBL@;RoNBdH @;FNJGBWYFXh;EtJGC-BHKS]RNO
?
N%
R ;wR.,4R 7R l
K
.H
hN
0R ;R R
,
R 7R 8
5
$
{
V6 6 3 * -%
&"
/.*/(X
@
p"V
m
mwk
''
''
+)(
1
''
''
+)*
1
"
#%$&
"
#%$&
+)(
1
"
#%$&
"
#%$&
+)*
1
X[Z
QP
u|yx VY_ND
k
X
nWm
QP
Z
^-VY_ND
kzmon
X[Z
D VYX[Z
U
! ! RNgwv ;v Iv0fFXecC-FXW;BKWmV_JtFNM6V_@;BZh1VGSOS"V_SPBJxrt@1BW HKFXW;J\S`;BKEGSW1iDg-FNVG@ J\BW;J\FXEGJnSW1`;BC-BW;`1BWmV_O"[Xv
H
4
K
EGBKC;EGBKJGBKWV_R8V_SPFXWcM+FNERNHKVGSFXW;JKv nBEGB QB$oXBKWcV_@1BnoNBE\[ W1B$#IVR8HKV_SPFXW HURNWDiXh;SP`;BV_@1BnE\FXg-FNV{V_FLRjEGBeDFNVGB
V R8EGiXB$VtOFIHUR8VGSFXW +HN;v 9fv ;Kv J v
9zFXEdHKFXecC1h1V_SPW;iYVG@;Blh1VGSOS"V[aFNMnRNW R8HKV_SPFXW rxBlFXW1OP[HFXW1JGS`1BEdVG@;Bl`;BKHEGBRNJGB SPW h;W;HKBE V RNSPWV[
rt@;BKW EGSW1iYV_@1B EGFXg-FNV C JdJ\BW;J\FXEGJ# DE " #%PT$" # ,3zv ;W;J V_BUR8` FNW;BlHFNh;O` VG@;SW1qF8MnVGE\[ISW1i
V_FlRN`;`;S"V_SFNWzRNOO"[lBKJ\V_SPeR^V_BZV_@;BpSPW1M+FXE\eR8VGSFXWbimR^V_@;BKEGB` ,3 DE " &% # " ,% DE " 9#%PT$" # ,3zv
h;BVGF VG@;Bjh;W;HKBE V RNSPWV[bSPW EGFXg-FNVAeDFNVGSFXW R8W;` VG@;Bj`;BKCuBKW;`;BW1HK[ FNM7V_@;BZg-BOPSBKM6J V R8VGBJ ?RNW1`bVG@h;J
V_@1BLBKWVGEGFXC1SBJ R8VnJGh;HKHBJ\JGS"oXB>C-FXSWmV_JASPW VGSeDB ;BKJ\VGSecR8V_SPW;ipV_@;B FoXBKE_RNOPO'SW1M+FXE\eR^V_SFNWlimRNSPW FNWYV_@1B
V_EGR 7\BH$V_FXE [brfFXh1O` E\BJ\h;OPVySWYRDV_RNJGq RNOPecFXJ VnRNJ HKFXeDC;OB# RNJ HKFXeDC;h1V_SPW;i V_@;B FXC1VGSecRNO'WzRUoISimR8VGSFXW
J\VGE_R8VGBiN[lgzRNJGBK` FXW 6587 {Jv
a
`
4
5
J
C^C
C
9C
@
C6B
C
iC
9C
;EOC OC
X
iC
9C3@
C1B
[X
%(''. &( *-,'5 _*&70/2 k.z(x% $0/2 k.10/2+*u4 * l0/23(32+0/2
9SPiXh;EGB ;vON SPOOh1J\V_EGR8V_BKJfR JGS"V_hzR8VGSFXWcSWDrt@;SH @lSPiXW;FXE\SW;iZV_@1BSW1M+FNEGecR8V_SPFXW>imR8VG@;BE\B` FXWVG@;ByrfRU[cVGF
RpV RNE\iXBKVnOPFQHR8V_SPFXWlEGBKJGh;O"V_JtSW R>W;FXW FXC1VGSecRNO-BKo8RNOh;R8V_SPFXW FNM6V_@;BZh1VGSOS"V[F8M RNH$V_SPFXW;Jv
yBKEGB VG@;BEGFNguFNVxHUR8WlguB SWFNW;B FNM'VG@;ByM+FNh;Ef`;S"!wBKEGBKWVfOFIHUR8VGSFXW1Jx`;BKC;SH$V_BK`lSW 9)SiXh;E\B 1v NQv A@;B
JGBKW;JGFNEGJ FNMAV_@1B EGFXg-FNV>R8EGBVG@;B J_RNeDB RNJdSW FXh1EpC;EGB$oISFXh;J>B#1RNecC1OBlR8W;` rfBbFXW1OP[HFXW1JGS`1BEpV_@1B
M+FXOPOFrtSW;ipVrxF RNH$V_SPFXW;J
eDFoXBZV_FlRDOFIHUR8VGSFXWlVrxFlJ V_BC1J RNW;` eDF/oNB VGFlR OFIHUR8VGSFXW
!+
Q$[)
1+
^&
1+
)75
Q$'&
':
a
l
f %&'
=
K H
A
0
!,
!( $%
-
B
C
D
-%
&" +J,.9$ 5 ,(-%
*-%
&"
-%
&"
VrxFjJ\V_BKC;J v x[ V RNqSW1iSWmV_F RNHHKFXh;WmV{V_@;R8VVG@;BEGFNguFNVSJRNg;OB V_FC-BE\HBKSPoXBAS"V_J)BWmoISEGFNW;ecBKWmV
rt@;BKWkeDFoQSPW;iVGFYRV_RNEGiNBKVjOPFQHR8V_SPFXW wS"VjSJ J\V_EGRNSiN@V\M+FXE\rfRNE\`V_F `;SPJ\V_SPW;iXh;SPJG@VG@;B>h1V_SPOS"V[bFNMxVG@;BJ\B
VrxF RNH$V_SFNW;Jv =@;BW ecFoISW;iVrxF J V_BC1JDM+FXE rR8EG` fVG@;BbEGFXg-FNVDSJ W;F8VR8g;OB V_F`;SPJ\V_SPW;iXh;SPJG@ V_@1B
OFIHUR^V_SFNWSWkVG@;BDHFXE\EGS`1FXEZO]RNg-BOPB2
` ? M+E\FXe VG@;BOPFQHR8V_SPFXWSWHFXE\EGSP`;FXE g-BHRNh;JGBcSWguF8V_@ HRNJGBKJ
SPVArtSPOO ecRNq8BZVG@;B JGB h;BKW;HB
=
=
FNM C-BE\HBCQV_Jv A@;B J_RNeDBZC;EGFXg1OBe @;FXO`1J
M+FXE `;SJ V_SPW;iXh;SPJG@;SPW;ibOFIHUR8VGSFXW M+E\FXeOFIHUR8VGSFXW 7g-BHUR8h;JGBcguFNVG@ J V RNE VpOFIHUR^V_SFNW;JjEGBKJGh;O"VdSPWkV_@1B
C-BEGHKBC1VGJ
=
=
rt@;BKWeDFoISW;iVrxF J\VGBC;JM+FNE\rfRNEG` v ;WHKFXWmV_EGRNJ\VVGFV_@1SJ
V_@1BYE\FXguF8VcSPJDRNg;OB VGF h;W;S h;BO"[ `;BKVGBE\ecSPW;BYS"V_J C-FXJGS"V_SFNW rt@1BW eDFoQSPW;iVrfF J\V_BKC;Jg;RNH qmrRNE\`;J
g-BHUR8h;JGBLRNOOuCuFNJGJGSPg;OBjOPFQHR8V_SPFXW;JE\BJ\h;OPVnSWbR h;W;S h;BZJGB h;BKW;HBLFNM)CuBKEGHBKC1V_JKv
A@;SJC;E\BKM+BKEGBW1HB F8MwV_@1Bng;RNH qmrRNE\` RNH$V_SFNWDHRNW;W;F8Vxg-Bt`;BKVGBH$V_B`cgm[ FXh;EB DHSPBWmVxSeDC;OBKecBKWV_R
V_SPFXW guBKHURNh1JGByrxB FNW;OP[>HKFXW;J\S`;BKEVG@;BnCuBKEGHBKC1V_JxeR8`;BnR8VV_@;BtV RNE\iXBKV OPFQHR8V_SPFXW ; MwVG@;ByE\FXg-FNV ecFoXBKJ
VrxFlJ\VGBC;Jg;RNH qmrRNE\`;JjRNW1` EGBKJ S"V_JnJGBW1JGFXE\J wS"VnSJnJ\V_SPOO'HKFXW1M+h;J\B`aRNg-FXh1VyguBKSW;iDSWYHFXE\EGSP`;FXE ? FNE
+CuBKEGHBKC1V
=
FXE RNg-FXh1V g-BSPW;ibSWaHFXE\EGSP`;FXE FNE 3C-BE\HBKC1V =
v A@h;J
SW FXh;EnJGSPecC1OS B`bSeDC;OBKecBKWmV R8VGSFXW g-FNV_@ RNHKVGSFXW1JyE\BJGh1OPVySWR8WRNepg1SiXh;FNh;JtCuFXJ\SPVGSFXWbBJ V_SPeR8VGSFXW
rtSPVG@ V_@;BZJ_R8ecBZh1VGSOS"V[Xv
yBKEGBLrxB FXW;OP[l`;SJ\Hh;J\JGB`VG@;B C;EGFXg1OBe FNM SPiXW;FXE\SW;ipVG@;BLSPW1M+FXE\eR8VGSFXW iXR8V_@;BKEGBK`RNJtV_@;B EGFNguFNV
eDF/oNBJdVGFaR EGBKecF8V_BcV_RNEGiNBKVpOPFQHR8V_SPFXW v fh1VLrt@zR8V>@zR8C;CuBKW;J>SPMfV_@;BlE\FXg-FNVpiXB$V_J% ,% " V3 )" % 9# D3
RNg-FXh1V SPVGJLC-FXJ\SPV_SPFXWrt@;SOPB WzRUoQSPimR8VGSW;i V_F JGh1H @ R V_RNEGiXB$V OFIHUR8VGSFXW B A@;SPJLeDSiN@VZ@;RNC;C-BW S"MfV_@1B
EGFNguFNVn@zR8JyV_FDHE\FXJGJ RcORNEGiXBZFXC-BW RNEGBRcSPWYFXE\`;BEtV_FcEGBRNH @R>V RNE\iXBKVv =@;SOPB FNh;EyB DHSBKWmV SPecC;OPB
eDBWmV R8VGSFXW C;E\FoQSP`;BJ W;F ecBRNW;J{V_F @zRNW1`;OBAJ\h;H @lJGS"V_hzR^V_SFNW;J rfBtM+FXE V_h;WzR^V_BO"[>W;B$oXBE FXg;J\BE oXB`JGh;H @
CzR8VG@;FXOPFXiXSHRNO-HURNJ\BJnSWbFXh;EtF DHBZBKWoISPEGFXW;eDBWmVv
)
'
Z
5
_
5
n
O
-3_
I X^]0/
-3_
Z X^]0/
H
Xi
e
-3_
I_
]0/
-3_
I_
]0/
n
n
n
H
8
5l
J
-
_
I X^]1/
"
"X
-3_
I\_
]1/
eH
J
a
M
9C B
H
_
8
98
9:
:
72 6 f
# !$#/365 + #4' 5 365$# '2+1!$#43(5
A@;BYRNHKVGSPoNB W;RoISPimR8V_SPFXW RNW;` JGBKW;JGSPW;iecB$V_@;FI`;J `;BJ\HE\Sg-B` @1BEGB @zRUoXB g-BBW SeDC;OPBeDBWmV_BK` R8W;`
V_BKJ\VGB`sh1JGSW1i ( ,3 % '4#-' T% &1,(SWmV_E\FQ`1h;HBK` SPW BH$V_SFNW QvKL1v ?yJbW;FNV_BK`sR8guFoXB V_@1B
HFNecC;OPB QSPV[M+FXEp`1BKV_BKEGeDSW;SPW;i VG@;B h1V_SPOS"V[kF8M R8W R8HKV_SPFXW kSPJpSW
v ;W V_@;B C;E\BKoISFNh;J
JGBKHKVGSFXWlrxBjJG@;FrxB` @;Fr VGF>EGBK`;h;HBVG@;BWh;epg-BE FNM7C-FXJGJ\Sg;OPBC-BEGHKBC1VGJv ;W FXE\`;BEVGFpeR8qNBV_@1B
HFNecC;hQV R8VGSFXWaFNMxV_@;BDh1V_SPOS"V_SBKJBKoNBW eDFXE\B>B DHSPBWmV 6rfBRN`;`;S"V_SFNWzRNOO"[ EGB`1h;HBDV_@;BDWh;epg-BE sFNM
HFNW;JGSP`;BE\B`OPFQHR8V_SPFXW;J>v ;W;J\VGBURN` FNM V R8qISPW;iDSWmV_FcRNHHKFXh;WmVjR8OO'OFIHUR^V_SFNW;J {SWbV_@;B BWmoISE\FXW;eDBWmV rxB
FXW;O"[bHFXW1JGS`1BEyVG@;BdJ\BKV FNM{OPFQHRNO'ecR QSecRDFNMV_@;BLguBKOSB$M J V R8VGB
v A@;BKJGBpOPFQHRNO'eR 1SPeR
RNE\ByB QVGE_RNH$V_BK`M+EGFXe V_@;BnFoXBEGRNOOg-BOPSBKMwRNJ `;BJ\HE\Sg-B`SPW BHKVGSFXW QKv L1v JQv =@;SOPBV_@;SPJFNM V_BKWEGBK`;h;HKBJ
V_@1Bnh1epguBKEFNM HKFXW;JGSP`;BE\B`DOFIHUR8VGSFXW1J{g[pecFXE\BAV_@zRNW M+FXh;E{FNEG`;BKEGJ FNMwecRNiXW1SPV_h1`;BrfByRNE\BnHKFXWmoISW;HKB`
V_@;R8VV_@1BJGB$V FNM7OFIHUR8OuecR QSecRLE\BC;E\BJGBKWmV_JAV_@;B ecFXJ VASeDC-FXE\V_RNWmVRNJ\CuBKHKVGJAFNM'V_@;Bjg-BOPSB$M'J\V_R8V_B
HRNWguBdJGBBKWRNJ V_@1BpJGB$VZFNM@m[QC-FNVG@;BJ\BJ RNg-FXh1Vrt@;BKEGBpVG@;BpEGFNguFNV ecSPiX@mV g-BNv 5h;EjR8C;C;EGFXRNH @
HUR8WYR8OJGF g-BjJGBKBWYRNJnR C1EGFXgzR8g;SOPSJ\VGSHtoXBKEGJGSPFXW FNM E DE 4" ( ( " % D3# ,3 `;SPJGHh1JGJGBK` SPW <@
3J\BBLRNOJ\F BH$V_SPFXW 1v v
A@;BZEGBKJGh;O"V_SW1ipHFXeDC;OPB QSPV[cFNM6HFXeDC;h1VGSW;iLV_@;Bjg-BJ VnRNHKVGSFXW SPJSW
v ;WbHKFXe
g;SPWzR8V_SPFXWlrtSPVG@ V_@;BjM3RNJ VyJ\BW;J\FXEnecFI`;BOwSWmV_E\FQ`;h1HB` SW BKHKVGSFXW QKv L1v jVGFDHKFXeDC;h1V_BjVG@;B Ih;RNWmV_SPVGSBKJ
RNHKVGSFXW J\BOBKHKVGSFXWbHUR8W g-BjC-BE\M+FNEGeDB`bSW E\BURNJ\FXWzRNg;OPBV_SPecB M+FNEtRNHKVGSPoXBjW;RoISPimR8V_SPFXW RNW1`YSPW
EGBRNO V_SPecB M+FNEyR8HKV_S"oXB JGBKW;JGSPW;i +JGBB BKHKV_SPFXW ;v L v A@1BdB 1RNeDC;OPBJtC;EGFoIS`1B` SPW VG@;SJtJ\BHKVGSFXWYJG@;Fr
V_@;R8V FNh;E B cHKSBKWV SeDC;OBKecBKWmV R8VGSFXWbFIHHUR8JGSFNWzRNOO"[M3RNSPOJAV_FcBJ V_SecR8VGB VG@;BLVGEGh;BLh1V_SPOSPV[FNMRNH$V_SPFXW;Jv
yB$oXBKE\V_@1BOBKJGJ )SPWFXh;EB QVGBW;J\SPoNBcB 1C-BE\SeDBWmV_J rfB W;B$oXBKE B QCuBKEGSBKW;HBK`VG@zR8VjVG@;B>EGFXg-FNVrfRNJjW;F8V
RNg;OPBcVGFiXOFXg;RNOO"[OFIHURNOPSTKBcS"V_JGBKOPM v 9zh;E V_@;BKEGeDFXEGB SW FNh;EpEGBRNOxrxFXE\O` B QC-BE\SeDBWmV_J>`;BKJGHKEGSg-B` SPW
BKHKV_SPFXW ;Kv L1v ;rfBZ`;SP` W1FNVnFXg;JGBKE\oNBLJ\SPV_h;R8V_SPFXW;JARNJAVG@;FXJGBZC;E\BJ\BWmV_BK`@;BE\BNv
H
>
9BDC6B
>
BD@ BDC6E
;B
K
R wR N
0R ;R%,
8
`
m
;
A
w;
!=!?.A ;
;
%K
?H
_
`l
;
'E;>
C
9B
9@ B B
C6B
F X^]5_
7 G
K T
H
LN
0R ;wRi,SR ;
[K
R wR Ri,
f
*:
"n
qOQRtA P
:
b
H
98
Y
`
f
2
; WYV ;SJnJ KVGS XW r ZV KJ\V V SW -zh W NM Xh yR KVGSPo IV W;J\S XW V @7YR Gq /o O RNOSPTUR8VGS XW NWYV
GecRNW )V
\SPVGS XW \V_SPeR^V_S NW v
'&
'(*)
(<3>=?+43
;
,+
-(
/)<(@+7=
C .(
'&/(
'&/(
;
+5A
"!#
0( /)*(1+ 2+ /3
,+ B(*A
.E 5(
GF HE IF .E,+
;/J +4L'L'(<R:E8K
A'(*K/A'+43'A<Y
d7F43'E8+5T/A
4)
5(6(
'(
,+
.+
43 7+
8+9)
,+ :+
.&0(
,+
"!$#&%('*),+-%#/.0+1!2#4365
$V "o W Uo i ^V NWkr pV \V K` g[
?D)
$%
92E,X4T/3'(
-F4A
.(*A .(
L
1i
;/J F7)<E,K
ML.&/(N3'+5OP+4LQE8KL.&/(B)*+53'3>E,R/+431+4=S+5T03
/Y 9YHZ&/(LF7A'[N+7=\L.&/(3>+5OP+4L-]-F4A^L.+
J +H)_F J E,`<(aE8L'A'( J =\T/A>E,K/XQ+4K
Yc+7L.E,)*(DL.&/F7LZL.&/(@)*+53'3>E,R/+43-E,K:L'&/E,A-(<KIdHE,3'+4K/U(*KILSE,AZOGF4A>E,)<F J,Jeb
;/J F4)<(*AfL.&/F7L
J +9+4[%F J E8[4(7ghUF4[VE,K/XiEeLfR0E 8W)<T
;lK%L.&/E8A(<KIdHE,3>+5K/UW(<KIL_gL'&/(Q3'+4Om+4LU
A b
R/( ;
F43>L'U(*KVLWF7A
E8L'A-T
J8b
UUW(*L'3'E,)DF4K/R
J L.3'F4A'+5T0K/R
;
+5A'A>(<A'A>(<A
J Lf=?+43jL'&/(N3>+5OP+4LjL.+MR0(*L.(*3'UWE,K/(k]S&/(*3'(NEeL6E,A<Y
T/A>LjUW+nd5(QE8KVL'+B+5K/(Q+4=oL'&/(Q+8W)<(*A<gpA'E8K/)<(Q+5K
J8b
&/(<3>(QE8L
J
K0R/A
R/E8A>L.E8K/X5T/E8A'&/E8K/X1=?(<F7L.T/3>(<AaR/T/(@L.+QL'&/(jR/E8qm(<3>(<KILS=?T/3'K/EeL.T/3>(@E,KBL.&0(6+`8)*(<A*Y
;
J (_F7A'(aK/+4L.(ZL'&GF7LoL.&/(aA>L.F7L.(a+4=PL.&/(aR/+H+53'ArF4AoR/( ;
E,)L.(*RNE,K
92E8X5T/3'(
L
0Y j&GF4AoK/+6E,K
+5A'EeL.E,+4Ks(*A>L'E,UF7L.E8+5K%Om(*)_F4T0A'(L'&/(WR/+9+43'A6F43'(WK/+4L6UW+9R0( J (*RtE8K%L.&/(WUNF ;
T/A>(<R=?+43
-/T/(<K/)*(c+4KL.&0(
J +9)<F J E8`_F7L'E,+5KuY
K
B
1
2
3
C
A
-
"6,+0- #" .%&"!#": "
( - ,+- .%,'5 ,HZ&/(QR/+H+53>AF43>(
L.&0(
)*+5K/A>E,R/(*3'(<R%]S&/(*K
Jeb
+4A'(<A*Y?HZ&/(f3'+5OP+4LcE,Aa+5K
HZ&/(
;lKNL'&/E,A
J +H)_F J E,`<F7L.E8+5KY
F73>L.E8)<T
;
A'+4T0L.&: ]-(*A>L<YHZ&/(kLF4A>[
+4=
+53>R/(<3kL.+s3'(*R/T/)<(
L.&0(13'+4Om+4LcA>L.F43>L'Ac]SEeL.&
UF9E,UF
?&
X5T03.F7L'E,+5K
FZ3'( ;
A'&/+n]SK
?A'+QL.&GFLa]
HZ&/(*A'(
L.&0(fOP( J E,(*=hA>L.F7L.(6E,KIL'3'+HR/T/)<(*R
E,AfFiA>L.3'F4E,X4&VL>=?+53>]-F43>RE,U
F7L
(j)<+5T
J RiA'(*(6L'&GF7L
T9L.(iL.&/(
;
J +H)_F J
KL J
;/J (<UW(<KILF7L'E,+5K%+7=
>&
T/3>(
/Y
L.&0E,A
;
R0( ;
+5E,KILE8KkL'E,UW(
F43>(1UF43'[7(<RMO
T0L'E J EeL b
!
E8)*L.AL'&/(ZOm( J E8(*=
=!?.A ;
L'&/(SA'(*L;
F7LL'&/E,A
+4L'&/(<A>(<A
)*+5K/A'E8A>L'Ar+7=uA>Ee
F5K
L.&/(fA'E )<E,3>) J (<A<Y
b
(<)L.(*R
(
+9)*)<T
92E8X5T/3'(
/Y
)<+43'3'(*A ;
+5K/R/AZL'+F1]
F
aaE,X5&
Y
F7K/) bt;
;
;
J Y
F7)*L.E8+5K/A
A>(<(
9(<)L.E,+4K
A>L.F4X5(6+4=2L'&/(
UW+53'(
3'( ;
ONg
/Y
R/E8A')<T0A'A'(*R
(4Y X/Y
E,K
J E,[7( Jebf;
?)4Y -Y
+4=
3>+9)*(<R/T/3>(
;
;9
+5A'EeL.E8+5KbK
;
UF9E,UF0g]S&/+5A'(
3'(*A'(<KIL.F7L.E8+5K
J +H)_F J E,`_FL.E,+4K
/Y
D@ L 9 ?
F
J (
Y
hE,X
+5A>E8L.E8+5K/AF73'(^RGF73'[4(*3 Y
^L
+5A'EeL.E8+5K/AF4K0RW+43'E,(*KILF7L'E,+5K/A
;
UNF9E8UNFkF43>(1)<+4K/A'E8R/(<3>(<RM=?+53a)<+4U
(<E8X5&IL.(*R
+nd5(*3 J F b
+4=
T9L.E,K0XL.&0(
;
2E8X5T/3'(@/Y
T/A>E,K/XiL.&/(W+H)<)<T
;
-
?O
DR/E8A ;/J F b
F4K/) bt;
&% n ' @(
g2+5O9LF4E8K/(<RtO
b
L.&/(@(*KVdHE83'+5K/UW(<KIL.F J
L.&0(
Y
b
1/Y
g2F43'(R/( ;
AL'&/(Q(
3'+5OGF7O/E J E8L.E8(<Aa=?3'+5U
)<+H+53'R0E,KGF7L'(DA b
;
UF ;
3'( J F7L'E8d5(cL.+
;>=&? *? &
U
A L.(*U
92E8X5T/3'(
YZHZ&/E8A
+
U
g93'(*A
J
;
;
+4E,KIL^3>( ;
(<)*L'E8d4( J8b
E8)*L'(<R
J +H)_F J
/Y
(
F
J8b
UNF
F J A>+
)
3>(<A'(*KIL.AZL.&/(D)<T/3
?]SEeL.&:3>+5OP+4L
(<)*L'(<Rt)<+5A L.A@=?+533>(_F4)&/E8K/XBL.&/(kR/Eequ(*3'(*[email protected]'X4(*L
9hE,X5T/3>(Q/Y
E8K
X5T03'(13>+5T/X5&
L.&0(6A>Ee
3'+5O/F4O/E J E8L'E,(<Ao+4=\L'&/(<A>(@UNF0E8UNF9Y
;
+4K/R/E,K0X
+4A'E8L'E,+5KW+4=\L'&/(D3>+5Om+7L^+53rL.&/(DF4)*L'E,+5K
, :9
<
3>+5OGF4O/E J EeL.E,(*AZF43>(fA>&/+n]SK%E,KRGF43'[i)*+ J +53>A<Y3Ya+4L.(jL.&/F7LcL'&/E,A
)<+4KVL.F4E,K0A-L.&/(D+53'E8X5E,KW+4=pL.&/(D)<+53>3'(<A ;
3'E8X5&IL Y
L'&/(W(<KIdHE,3'+4K/U(*KIL
L.+ML'&/(:3'(*R/T/)*(<R
# $
3'+4OGF4O/E J E8L'E,(*AP
E,UF0gI]S&/(*3'(@L.&/(c]-(*E,X5&IL.ASF73'(X5Eed5(*KBO
;
J +H)_F J
]SEeL.&/E8K
F7K/Ri)<+5A L.Aa+4=F7)*L.E8+5K/A*Y
HZ&/(:( ;
3'(*KIL
L'&/(<A>(
J8b
L'E,UW(
J +9)<F J
J +H)_F J E,`<F7L.E8+5K]-F4AaA'T/)*)<(*A'A>=?T
X4(<K/(*3.F7L'E,+5K
"
+5E8KILE,K
;
=?+43cE J,J T0A>L.3'F7L.Eed5(
F7L.&jLF7[4(<KfR/T/3>E,K/XcF4)*L'E8d4(
;
+5A>E8L'E,+5K
<@ Y ?a= L.(<3DF4OP+5T0LDL'(<K%UW(*L'(<3'Ac+4=oUW+4L.E8+5KgGL.&/(13'+5OP+4Lc3'(_F7)&/(<A
X^]5_
c+4=oUW+dHE8K/X:E,KIL'+
UW+dHE8K/XN(*E8L.&0(<3aE,KIL.+3'+H+5U
b
+4=DL'&/(
+4K/R
HZ&/E8Ac(<F43 Jeb
bH;
<
L.&/(fOm( J E,(=E8Ac)*+5K/)<(*KIL.3.FL.(<R%+4KMA'(d5(*3.F JhJ +H)_F J
UF9E,UFi)<+53>3'(<A ;
H(<)*L'E,+5KK9Y 0Y 9Y
E8K
T0L.E J E8L b
+5A>E8L.E8+5KLfcE8KL'&/(c)*+53'3>E,R/+43o= F7)<E,K0X
;
;
('&$%
-%
&":f
Z
X5T/3'(1E,AaT/A'(*R
;/J (o+4=0L'&/(
L.&/(k3'+4Om+4L@]-F4AjL.+R/(*L'(<3>UE8K/(QE8L'A
Fk]^F7K/R/(<3>E,K/XN3'+5T0L'E,K/(jT/KIL'E J
J
E,KL.&/(
J F433'T0KN]-(cA>L.F43>L'(<RL'&/(D3>+5OP+4L
u|0x VY_
(*)*L.(*Rt)*+5A>L'A
;
3'(<A>(<KILFL.E8d4(-(/F7U
L.&/(iL.E8U(BL.+s)<+4U
+4L.&0(<A'(*A Y
bH;
J
(
J (jL.+T/K/E nHT0( J8bJ +9)<F J E8`<(@E8L'A'( J =O
F4K/RiL.&0(<KiL.+kU+nd4(6E8KIL.+k3'+H+5U
;lK
R/(*L'(<3'UWE,K0E,K/XWL.&/(
)*+5K
92E,X4T/3'(/YKLSE,A
F7L.&6A'&0+]SK1E,K
;
)
F4O
Jeb
DY
+53Z3>+9+5U
(<)<E J
HZ&/(1A ;
R/E8qm(<3>(<KIL3>+9+4UA*Y
T/3 ;
;
+5K
0
:
/+
F YeHZ&/(<A>(N)<+4A>L.Af&GF_d5(Om(*(<K)*+5U
= F7)<E,K0X
+5E,KIL'A
;
;
T0L.(*R
72 6 J
0
(
VtZ
"
(.%,5 G5 -%
#$
(
p
"
0VYX{Z
V
5
(
Z
*-)# * &$)-%$
!
T/A>E,K/XQd7F J T0(@E8L.(*3.F7L'E,+5KBO/F4A'(*R
92E,X4T/3'(
%
+5K
n
@ F(2A>&/+n]SArL'&/(ST0L.E J EeL
/Y
OP(aA>(<(*KL.&0(<3'(7gHL'&/(S(
F4K/R
-%
-U
VtZ
UNF7[HE8K/XQL.&/(*U
b
(<)*L'(<R:(*KIL.3'+ ;Vb
;
= Fnd4+53.F7O
J (@=?+53
,
R/( ;
<?^LaL.&/E8A
+4=L'&/(1)*+53'3>E,R/+43<Y
)<T03'3'(*KIL
;
+4A'E8L'E,+5K@L'+cL.&0(
E,K/F4)<)*T/3.F4)*E,(*A
E8K@L.&/(]
L.&0(@)_F4A>(6R0T/3'E8K/X
+5E,KILaE8LaE,AaE,U
LF73'X5(L
Z&0(<A'(DR/E W)<T
+7=
+4=PL.&/(ZL.F43'X5(L
b
KGF4UWE,)
L.&0(6L.F43'X5(L
;
VYX{Z
Z&/(fT0L.E J EeL b
J +n]jgIL.&VT/A
;
n
Y
<0Y
+5E,KILh)_F4K0K/+4LhOm(
)<+5U
F7K/R6L'+ST/K0=?+53>(<A'(*(<K
h+Q+nd4(<3')*+5UW(jL'&/(<A>(
T0L'(<R
;
-
+4q
^F4A>(<R
L
;
+4K
L.&0(fT0L'E J E8L b
E,)[FfL.F43'X5(LSF7L
7
;
O;lK+5T/3aE,U
J E,K/(7Y
+4O/A>L.F4) J (<ApE,K
;
+ ;
Z&/E,AhE,A
T
3'+5O
?A'(*(
l)*+5A>L
L.&/((*K/R
=?3'+5U
L.&0(
R/T/(rL.+DT0KGF_d5+5E8RGF4O
E,ArK/+4L
[VK/+n]SKg/F7A
J (<UWA-L'&/(@3'+5OP+4LZU1T/A>LSOP()<+4KVL'3'+ J8J (*RBO
;/J (<UW(<KILF7L'E,+5K:FWX J +5OGF Ju;/J F4K0K/E,K/XQUW+HR/T
@ML Y6;lKIL.(<3>U(*R/E FL.(@LF43>X5(*L
;
+
J (
J F7L.(*R6(*KId9E83'+5K0U(*KVL'ApA'T/)&
+5A'EeL.E,+4KW+7=L.&/(a3'+4Om+4L
;
?DAo)<F4K
Y
E8( J R/E,K/X@&0E,X5&kT0L'E J EeL.E8(<A
b
3'+5X53'F4UWUE8K/XDF7AR/(<A>)<3'E8Om(*RkE,KQA'(*)*L'E,+5K:/Y/Yf^L.+@X5(*K/(<3'F7L.(SF@UWE,K/E8UNF J
J +H)_F7L'E,+5K
+53>L.F4KILaL'+NK/+7L.E,)*(6L'&GF7LaL.&/(f(0F4)LDL.3'F >(<)L.+53 b
J L.E8(<ArF43>(cE8K/)<3>(_F4A>(<R:Ee=uL.&0(
J +H)_F J E,`<F7L.E8+5KY
%
E,AaF J A'+W&/E,X4&gG&/+n]-(d5(*3<gu=?+53ZL'&/(6Ll]
=?T/3 L.&/(*3c3>(<R/T/)*(1T/K0)<(<3 LF4E8KIL b Y
;
-9('&$/%f
VYX[Z3
a
+4E,KIL.ArF4)*)<+53>R/E,K/X@L'+
;
J +9)<F7L.E8+5K/AE8KW3>+9+4UAE8A
Fk3'(_F7)*L.Eed5(6)<+ J8J E8A'E,+4KBF_d5+5E8RGF4K/)*(6L'(<)&/K/E nVT/(4Y
T/A>(<AoR
( ,
8U
/Y
+53 J R6UW+HR/( J
F4Ar+5T/3r+ W)<(7Y
;
Z
O@ O-g0L.&/(D3'+5OP+4L^K0+]R/(*)<E8R/(<A^L'+G3'A
92E,X4T/3'(
E,)*L'(<RBE8K
5
Y
J +H)_F J E,`<F7L.E8+5KY
(<K0R/AD+4=hL.&/(f)<+53>3'E8R/+53<gGA>E,K/)*(6L'&/+5A>(1)_F7K
L.3'F4R/( l+4q
V
</Yf
Y
"
VYX[Z
-6('&$/%f
VYX{Z3
+5E,KIL'Aa+4KL'&/E,A
;
FL.&
F73'(
;
)<+5A L
;
F7L.&
E8A
b
J (
L'+
3'(*A'(*KVL'(<RML'+
!N9Y
+5T/3a3'(<F4)*L'E8d4(1)<+ J,J E8A'E8+5KFnd4+5E,R/F4K/)<(6L.(*)&/K/EonVT/(fR/(<A>)<3>E,OP(<R%E,K)&GF ;
L.&0(<KX5(<K/(*3.F7L'(<AaU+7L.E,+4K:)<+5UWUF4K/R/A^L'+A'F7=?( Jeb
L'(<3a&GF_d9E8K/XW3'(_F7)&/(<RML'&/(6(<K/R
)<+4KVL.F4E,K0Af+5K
3'(*A'T
Ll]
+
J +H)_F J
J L.E8K/X:)<+4A>L.Aj+4=oL'&/(
O
J8b
go3'(*A ;
3'+H+5U
(<)*L'E8d4( J8b Y
+53
UF9E,UF
u|0x VY_
+4=2L'&/(f)*+53'3>E,R/+43
;
+5A'EeL.E,+4K
JkE,K 92E8X5T/3>("0Y L(-L'&/(fOP(
Z&/(:+H)<)*T
R/Eequ(*3'(<KIL6F4)L.E8+5K/AD=?+53cL.&/E8AOm( J E8(*=oF43>(QR/( ;
J (<F4A'(NK/+4L.(:L'&GF7LQR0T/(:L.+
F43'(@3>(<UF43'[F4O
Z&/(1)*+ J,J E,A'E8+5KiF_d5+5E8RGF4K/)*(
-6( &$#1
x Z3
92E8X5T/3>(/Yf Y
A'(*(
X5T/E8R/(L.&0(63>+5OP+4LZL.+QL.&0(<A'(jLF73'X5(L.A<Y
/+
?c=
L.(<3
F4K/) bs;
;
E,)*L'(<R
J E,(=2A LF7L'(
3'+5O/F4O/E J E8L'E,(<AjF7K/RL.&0(
92E,X5T03'(<A7/Y ff F(DF7K/R
E,K
L'&/(BA>L.F7L.(B+4=SL'&/(BR/+H+53'A*gL.&/(B)*+5A>L'A
=?+53
3'(<F4)&/E8K/X
J8b:J +n]-(*3SL'&GF4KBL.&0+5A'(@=?+53Z3>(_F4)&/E8K/XkL.&/(j+4L'&/(<3S3'+H+5UWA<Y
Z&/(F4U
O/E8X5T/EeL b
L.&0(M)<+43'3'E8R/+53*Y
E,K
VtZ
E8K
(
;
(.%,5 5 Q
-%
#$
L.&/(BOP( J E,(*=aFL
?c)<)<+43'R/E8K/X
L.&0(W)*+53'3>E,R/+436)*+5U
"
;
+5A>E8L'E,+5K
L'&/(MT9L.E J E8L b
J8b
p
A>&/+n]SK
F43'(*RsL'+L'&/(WT0L.E J E8L b
J
=?+53ZLF43>X5(*L
;
J%)<F4K
E,K
"
K/+
V
5
Z
('
J +5K/X4(<3
-)#
&$)-%$
OP(B3'(*A'+ J d5(<R
92E,X5T03'(/Y f FWE,A
J +n]
VYX[Z3
- ('&$/1
]SE8L'&/+5T0L
=?+53kLF73'X5(L
J (_F_dHE,K0X
;
+5E,KIL'A
+4=^F4)*L'E,+5K/A@]S&/E8)&X5T0E,R/(QL.&0(3>+5Om+7LjE,KIL.+iL.&/(W3'+H+5UWA<Y
-(*)_F4T/A>(@+4=pL.&/(DA>LFL.(+4=\L'&/(R/+H+53>AZF4K/R:L'&/(3'(*A'T
92E8X5T/3'(0Y f ?O-^E,AZUF9E,UF
VYX[Z
J L.E8K/X
)<+4A>L.A*g0L.&0(+nd5(<3'F J,Jm;
+5E,KIL'AZE,Ki3'+H+5UWA
DY
F7K/R
F b +4q%F4A^R/E8A ;/J F b (<RBE8K
72 6 N
f ?DA
A>&/+n]SK
VtZ
92E,X5T03'(Q/YKL
E,K
-%
- U
VYX{Z
"
V
5
Z
L.&/(3'+5OP+4LfR/(<)*E,R/(*A1L.+
?a=
3'+H+5UWA<Y
LF73'X5(L
OP(*Ll]
(<(*K
L.&/(3'+H+5UWA
L.(*3N&GF_dHE,K/XsT/K/E nVT/( Jeb
J +H)_F7L'E,+5K:E8Ki3'+H+5U
F4K/R
DY
Z&/(
;
F7L'&
R/(<A>)<3>E,OP(<R
F4OP+d4(:E,A
7>T/A>LQ+4K/(:(0F4U
J +H)_F J E,`*(1E8L'A'( J =rE,K
R/(*A')<3>E,OP(<R&/(<3>(aL'+9+5[
]-F4K/R/(*3'E,K0XiF4K/R
+5T/3
J (<A>ArL'&GF4K
+43c]-F J,J
FB)<+4K/A'E8R/(<3'F4O
f@UE8KHT9L.(<A Y
J8b
;
OP(<&/E8K/R
&/E8U
u|0x VY_
?1Y ;lK
+4=f
= F4E J (<RL.+
J (cL'+Q3'(<A>+ J d4(
L'&/(Ll]
+
GKGF J\;
+5E,KIL<Y
Z
L.&/(*A'(W(
J
+5KL.&0(
A>L'3.F4E8X5&ILL'+tL.&0(
A LF7L'(fFLZL.&/E8A
3'(*A'(<KIL'(<R:&/(*3'(7Y
;lKNFjL'+4LF
- ('&$/1
R0E8qm(<3'(*KIL=?T/3>K/E8L'T/3'(iE8K
;
(
;
(<3>E,UW(<KIL.A
]
(
;lK(<F4)&)<F4A'(ZL'&/(S3'+5OP+4L]-F4A
(<3'E8U(*KIL.A<gpL.&0(W3>+5OP+4LjF J ]^F b
A'&/+53 L6F4UW+5T/KILj+4=rL.E,UW(
=?+ J,J +n]SE,K/Xk)<+4K/A'E8A>L.(*KIL J8b
]^F4K0R/(<3>E,K/XQ3>+5T0L.E8K/(<ASF73'(T/K/F4O
L.&0(:3'+H+5U
;/J (=?+531L'&/(:UW+53'(WL.&GF7K
3'+5F4)&
;/J F4)<(*RsE8K%L.&/(k)<+43'3'E8R/+53jF4K0Rs&/F4RsL'+i3'(_F7)&3'+H+5U
VYX[Z3
L'&/(M3>+5Om+7LUW+nd5(*R
A'&0+]SAaL.&/(jOP( J E,(*=
)<+4K/R/T/)L.(<RT/A'E8K/X@L.&/(aF4)L.Eed5(SKGF_dHE,XIF7L'E,+5KkF ;/;
UF4KGF4X5(*R%L.+
L'&/(
J +H)_F7L'E,+5K
0
14
" '5'
/+
a
ac(<3>(L.&/(D3'+5OP+4LZ&GF7A^Om(*(<KF4O
OGF7A'(<R"+5K
R0(*L.(*3'UWE,K/(*R"EeL.A
?fY92E,X5T03'(/YfJ
VYX[Z
U+nd4(NE,KIL'+
3'E8X5&IL_gH]S&/E,)&BE8K:L.&/E8A-)_F7A'(L.T03'K/(*R+4T0L^L.+QOP(3>+9+5U
L.&0(MF4U1O/E,X5T0E8L b
( ,
8U
F4R0R/E8L'E,+5KGF J
J +9)<F J E8`<(@L.&0(
L.&/(Q]S&/+ J (Q(
(
;
(<3'E8U(*KIL
(<3'E8U(*KIL.A<gH3.F7K/R/+5U
3'+5OP+4L<Y
J (cL.+QUW+d4(DL.&0(@3'+5OP+4L-L'&/3'+4T/X5&BKGF43>3'+n]
;
A
Z&/E8AE,AcOm(*)_F4T/A>(
R/+9+43'A<g0F4K/RBL.&0(A b
U
L
UW(*L.3 b
+4=/L'&/(
)*+53'3>E,R/+43
UF4R/(rE8L
E8U
L.&0(6)*+53'3>E,R/+43<Y
;lKNF7R/R/E8L'E,+5K
&GF J8J ]-F b
=?T
+5E8KVL'AD=?+53DL'&/(
?
J +H)_F J E,`<F7L.E8+5KY
F4K/RE,ASF
L'+ ;
J +H)_F J E,`<F7L.E8+5KiLF4A>[PgpF7K/R%]^F4A@T0K/E8=?+53>U
UW+53'(fA b
A>L'(<UF7L.E8)
E,)@+7=h=?T0L'T/3'(@]
+53'[
"!$#&%('
;lKiL.&/(@=?+
J8J +n]SE,K/XQ(
3>+d4(<RBO
)&/+9+4A'E,K0XfL.&0(+ ;
b
F43>(Q)<+5K/R0T/)*L'(<Rt]SEeL.&%Ll]
+
3>+ ;
;
3'E,F7L.(jE8K
`<+H+5U
OP(*Ll]
(<(<KT
L.&/F4KkT
J L'3.F4A>+5T/K/RQA>(<K/A>+53'A*Y
A'+ J ( Jeb
E8K
Z
L'&/(WU+HR/( J
+4=
uEe=uL.&0(c3>+5Om+7L
T
J L.3'F4A'+4T/K/RsF4K/R
?(4Y X/YPF)_F7U(*3.FkU+5T0KVL'(<R
F4A>A'E8d4(k+533.F7K/R/+5U
;
F4K/R
J F4A'(*3 l3'F4K/X5(
)
GK/R/(*3'A
F
(c+4=PL.&0E,AL.&0(<A'E8A
J F4A>(<3 l3.F7K/X5(
GK/R0(<3'A
J (_F4A>(ZK/+4L'(-L.&GFLoE,K
E8ArF7L
J +9)<F7L.E8+5KQA
A>(<(
F4KM&/(<F4R
;
DE,K
+53>R/(<3L'+
E8AQU+4A>LWF ;
]SEeL.&Ll]-+:R0E8qm(<3'(*KIL
J F4A>(<3'A Y
Z&/(cR/E8qm(<3>(<K/)*(
L.&/(*E,3F4)*)<T/3'F4) b Y_
GK0R/(<3
(*3'E8U(*KVL'A
;
/K/R/(<3>A&GF_d5(SF4K
&/E J (-T
F4K/X5T
J F43
J L.3'F4A'+5T0K/R
3'(<A>+ J T9L.E,+4K
J (^L.+6UW(_F4A>T/3'(a+5O/A LF4) J (<AoUW+53'(aF4)*)<T/3'F7L.( J8b
+5T03oF ;/;
(*)<E G)_F J8J8b
)
+5K0R/E,K/X6L.+
J F4A>(<3 l3.F7K/X5(
F43>(DF4O
F
J +9)<F J E8`_F7L'E,+5K)_F4KOm(jE8U
+4=cA'(<K0A'+53Q]S&/E8)&
+4K
J E8(<AE8K
)
&N<g5+5T/3
f
+7=
J F4A>(<3 l3.F7K/X5(
A'+4KGF43'A-F4K/R+5K/(D)*+53'3>(<A ;
L'&/(WA'(<K0A'+53>A<g2A ;
R/E8A>LF7K/)<(
J F43h3'(<A>+ J T9L.E,+4K1+4=
;lKF4R/R/EeL.E8+5KQL.+jL.&/E8A<g
(<K0E,K/X5ASF7A
DC ArA'(*K/A'+43'A<Y 5T/3r(
+5E,KIL.E8K/X6R/E,3>(<)*L'E,+5K+4=L'&/(3'+4Om+4L
+5K/R/E8K/XfL'+
J L'3.F4A>+5T/K/RQA>(<K/A>+53'A
L'&/(f( W)<E,(*K/) b
L.(<)&0K/EonVT/(iL.+%A>( J (*)*LkL.&0(B[HE8K/R
+4=a+5T03
+4=f <Y
(<3>E,+53DL'+
;
]^F4K0R/(<3>E,K/X7VrE,AOP( b +5K/RWL.&/(SA')*+ ;
(6R/(<UW+5K/A L.3.FL.(j&/+n]
L.&0(fX5Eed5(*KMA'EeL.TGFL.E,+4K
A'(*K/A'+43'A&GF_d5(SF7KQF4K/X5T
A'T
Jeb
A>T/)<)*(<A>A
.
R/Eequ(*3'(*KVLjA>(<K/A>+53'A
d7F J T/(<A*g9+5K0(D)<+43'3'(*A ;
L'(<A>L'E,K/XjE8KF73>L.E G)<E,F J
+4=r+5T/3cL'(<)&/K0EonVT/(kE,KML'&/(<A>(Q(<KIdHE,3>+5K/UW(<KIL.A@F7K/R
(*d7F J TGF7L'E,+5K
L'E,UF J/;
R/(*U+5K0A>L.3'F7L.(:L'&/(F4O/E J E8L b
3'( J E8UE8KGF43 b
;
J (_F_dHE,K0X
Y
(*3'E,UW(<KIL'AS]
;
(aR0E,R
J +H)_FL.E,+4K]SE8L.&0+5T0L
@ML YMac(<3>(4g+4T/3 F4)L.Eed5(NK/FndHE8XIF7L.E8+5KsA b A>L'(<U
R/(L.(*)*L.E8K/X >
7 T/K/)L.E,+4K/AZ+4=h&GF J,J ]^F b ASF4K/Ri+ ;
J8J8b
F4T9L.+5UF7L.E8)_F
' 5$#/5
C ;
' F73'E,A>+5KQ]SE8L'&W+7L.&/(*3rUW(*L'&/+HR/AL.&GF7K3'F4K/R/+5U
;
R0(*L.(*3'UWE,K/(oL.&0(
+ W)<(S(*KVdHE83'+5K/UW(<KILo]
(<KIdHE,3'+4K/U(*KIL.A1L.F4[4(*K=?3'+5U
)<3>T/)<E,F J2;
)<+4U
L'+j3'T/K/AoE8KQ+5T/3o3'(<F J
J8J8bJ +H)_F J E,`<(*RNL.&0(@3'+5OP+4LZO b
J (L.+aT/K/E nHT0( J8b
+5A'A>E,O
;
3>+IF4)&QL.&/(*A'(ZR/Eequ(*3'(*K/)<(*A
E,K%L.&/(
9YKL0YfDF4K0RN(<A
9(<)L.E,+4K
+
3>+5OGF4O0E J EeL.E8(<AwP
;
F73'(^3>( ;
;
3>(<A'(*KIL.(<R
wR4A +4=-U(<F4A'T03'E,K0X
92E,X4T/3'(
(*)<E,F J,Jeb
9YKJj=?+43
UW+53'(
R/(LF4E J A Y
92E,X4T/3'(
F4K/R
/Y f BA'&/+n]SA@L.&/(QA>(*L'T
U+nd4(<R
/
N ;
h+MA'E,U1T
(<KIL'3'+ ;Ib
A>(<(
(<A L.E8UNF7L'E,+5K
R/+H+53'A
+5K
E,ArA b
OP(:R/(L.(<)L.(*R
J8b
?cAS+5T/3
O
b
3'+4Om+4LD]^F4A
J +4=
)<U
UWU(L.3'E8)D(0)*( ;
C A
L.&/(B3>+5Om+7L
;0J F4)*(<R%E,K
?DAa)_F7K
A'(*)4Y
L.&/(Q)*+53'3>E,R/+53
Om(6A'(*(<K%&/(*3'(7gmL.&0(
LZ=?+43^F1A>E,K/X J (c+4O/A>L.F4) J (D+5K:EeL.A
A'+5K/F43
F4)*L'E8d4(F ;/;
% n $
Y
</Yf7f
(<3>3'+53E,K
(<3>3'+53]
(BF J,J +n]-(*RtL.&0(:3'+5OP+4L6L.+
F4A>A'Eed5(6U(L.&/+HRg9]
;
Y
A'E,R0(
Z&VT/A<gL'+%T/K/EonVT/( J8b
A'(*K/A'+43'A<Y
;
+4=
NF4A:X5Eed5(*K
E,K
-
(jR/(*L'(<3'UWE,K0(<RB+4q
yA
T0L.(
<;
d
A ZO b
J8b
(6)&/+5A'(fFQA'(*K/A'+53aF7LS3'F4K/R/+4U
nVTGF J E8L b
!
J +9)<F J E8`_F7L'E,+5K3C
(c)*+5U
3>(_F4R+5K
3'+IF4)&ugH]S&/(*3'(A>(<K/A>+53'A^F43'(a)&/+5A>(<KBO
h+c(*d7F J TGF7L.(L'&/(
J +H)_FL.E,+4KN+4=pL.&0(@3'+5OP+4L_gH]S&/E,)&B]
3'+7LF7L'E,+5KGF J
) J +4A'(<R
J F7L'(NF7)*L.Eed5(A'(<K0A'E,K0X/g2]
F43'(*RL.+f+5T/3
;
(*3'E,UW(<KIL'AlDL'&/(
;
J +H)_F7L'E,+5Kug9L.&0(63>+5OP+4LZ&GF4AZL'+A>(<K/A>(6L'&/E,AZ+5O0A>LF7) J (@]SEeL.&FQA'+5KGF73aA>(<K/A>+53<Y
+5E,KILZE8KiL'E,UW(4Y
]-F4A-)*+5U
(
]SE8L.&MF)*+5K/A>L.F4KILDd4( J +H)<EeL b
R g/F J,J
L'&/E,A1+5O/A>L.F4) J (N)<F4K
R/(L.(<3>UE8K/(@E8L'A
;
F4K/RMR0+]SK
;
J
)<+43'3'E8R/+53
F4K/R
T
+4=oL.&/(
;
J +9)<F J E8`_F7L'E,+5KD]
J E,K/(7Y
% n "
Y
JY
<0Y f
b
Y
A'E,K0X J (WA'(*K/A'+53
Z&/E8A
;
F7L
F7K
b
F4A>A'E8d4(fUW(*L'&/+HR
UNF9E8UE8`<E,K0X@R/(<)*3'(_F7A'(E8K
(rT/A'(rL.&/(rK/+53>U(*R
aa(<3'(jA
;lKi+53'R0(<3^L.+Q)*+5U
F@]-(*E,X5&IL'(<RNA>T/U
F
^F b (<A'E,F4K
R/(*K/+4L'(<A:L.&0(
O/E8K/(DL'3.F4K/A J F7L'E,+5K/F J
+4=mOm+7L.&WR/(*dHE FL.E,+4K/A
A>(<(
%
n
Y
L.3'T0(
F7K/R
* </Yfz
g
+*A02MS " 2 6*!Z!*0 L 57"2(0+-!*0N3&V P 2M" !%4+,R7!MV9P 2MR7RT28570<;>% %MRTR %40 ' +-2:L 570<; 570(3$2 3 !10! 3 "$2N2(++-5 ;MN3#"$!&;SRT3
570% Y, !*"P 2M"$+ %40 6*! 6*2M+, %M"$%MXRT! 32-2(S" %M6357LM! %,<, "2N%M6H [
72 6 Path of robot
Only detectable by sonars
0
,. . ,.8,+- /( . -%!#" -
]S&/(*3'(
G
I g 7 I
(
(
g
F4K/R
p
I
(
R/(*K/+4L'(kL'&/(QUF9E,UF Jh;
" ( - ,+0- . ,5 ,-/
+5A>A'E,O
J (QR/(d9E,F7L.E8+5K%E,K
L'&/(k)<+53>3'(*A ;
+5K/R/E8K/X
)<+H+53>R/E,KGFL.(4Y
!
C
A>+ J E8R
&
A
&
g s
=!?.A ;
G3>A>L(
J L'ADF73'(1R0( ;
OP(:A'(*(<K
J E8K/( Y
yA I
I d+A
<A
R
(
R
d+A
A
L
I J8b
R
I
(
L R0(<)<3>(_F4A>(<AkU
GX5T03'(
T/)&
K
R
I dMA
<A
R
*
(
</Yfz
d@A>+5KGF43A>(<K/A>+53'A*Y
;/J +4L'AaL'&/(6K/+53'UW(<R
B@N
(<3>3'+53
)<+5K
= F4A L.(*31]S&/(<K
/R/(<K/)*(
C
E,KIL'(<3>d7F J A
<;
A>(<K/A>+53'AkF43>(:A'( J (*)*L.(*R
SF4AcF
?OGF43>A Y
F4)*L'E8d5( J8b
R/(<UW+5K/A L.3.FL.(<AZL'&/(jOm(*K/( /Lc+4=2F4)*L'E8d4(6A>(<K/A>E,K/X0Y
0.6
Active
Random
0.5
Estimation error
Estimation error
K
L'&/(<E83
Active
Random
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0
200
,
300
$%-%
400
500
600
time [secs]
92E,X4T/3'(
/Yf&N ?O-QR/(
)_F7A'(F4)*L'E8d5(QA>(<K/A>E,K/X
;
E8)*L'AL.&0(
E,A@K/+7LjA'T
+4=oL'&/(
XT03'E,K0XML.&/E8A
0
700
200
-%
&" /.%. ,. #" $ "
L.&0(fUW(*L'&/+9R0AZE,AaF4O
L.+:L'&/(QE,K/F4O/E J E8L b
)<+43'3'E8R/+53*Y
/N
L
Z&/E8A
0.6
K/+5K0(f+4=
R
F J,J +n]-(*R1L.+@)&/+H+5A>(SF4U+4K/XE8L'A
fk3'T/K0A<gF J +5K/Xk]SE8L'&
&/(<3>(4gL.&0(:(<3>3'+53
J LS) J (_F43 J8b
L
L
92E8X5T/3>("0Y f&N F(Y
F_d4(<3.F7X5(<R%+nd5(*3
Z&/E,AS3>(<A'T
J(
</Yf
A
/N
E8)*L.(*RME8K
d
(*3'E,UW(<KILL'&/(^3'+4Om+4L2]^F4A+4K
;
=?T/K/)L.E8+5KM+4=2L.E,UW(4g
A
=!?.A ;
Z&/(f3'(<A>T
?DA1)_F4K
&
gds
;lKQL.&/(
&
<;
;
)*+53'3>(<A ;
(<3>E,+53L'+
[VE,K/R
+5K/R0E,K/X
)
+7=c(
&"( $)&" .
3>(<A>T
)&/+H+5A>E,K/XF
J (L.+WT/K/EonVT/( J8b
J F4A>(<3 l3.F7K/X5(
VtZ
;
"
300
V
5
J L'AW=?+53kL.&0(
Z
400
500
600
time [secs]
&" , J F4A'(*33'F4K/X5(
;
+5A>E8L'E,+5Ki+4=
(*3'E,UW(<KIL'A1]-(F J ]^F b
AQ+5O/A>(<3 d5(<R
Ll]
GK/R0(<3<Y
;lK
L.&/E8A
5OIdHE,+5T/A
Jeb Y
J8b
L.&/(63'+4Om+4L<g0]S&/E8)&ME,AZR0T/(
GK0R/(<3@L.+BR0(*L.(*)*Lj=?(_FL.T/3>(<A@O/3>(_F4[VE,K0X:L.&/(kA b
;
$%/.) . " , "/. +4E,KIL.E8K/XBR/E,3>(<)L.E,+4Ks3'F4K/R/+4U
R0(*L.(*3'UWE,K/(@L'&/(
700
+
J +9)<F J
UWU(L.3 b
+4=rL.&0(
UNF9E8UNFE,K
L.&0(
+5A'EeL.E,+4K
;
3'( ;
3>+5OGF4O/E J EeL b
;
3'(*A'(*KVL'E,K/XWL.&/(
;lKBL.&/(
/KGF J
# J F7A'(<3D3.F4K/X4(
K/E G)_F4KIL J8b
R/E,A L.3'E8O/T0L'E,+5Kgm+5K/(
+5A'EeL.E8+5K:UWE,3'3>+53'(*RBO
;
(
Z&0(Q3'(<A>T
J LjE8AR/( ;
3'+nd5(*A-L.&0(( W)<E8(<K/) b
;
+4=L'&/(inVTGF J E8LFL.E8d4(1R/Eequ(*3'(*K/)<(
(*d7F J TGF7L'(<RiL.&/E8Ac(
E,K0X:R/E,3>(<)L.E,+4K
3'(*A'(*KVL'(<R
A>L'3.F7L'(<X b
E,A
(<3>E,UW(<KILcO
b
)&/+H+5A>(jF4U+4K/X
J +H)_F J E,`<F7L.E8+5K
L.&0(:R/+4L>L.(<R
]SE8L.&0E,KN3>(_F4A>+5KGF4O
+5K0(
6;lKi+53>R/(<3
A L.3.FL.(<X b
Y
OP( J E8(*=
J (OP+5T/K/R0A^(*d4(<Ki)<+5U
]SEeL.&
)<F4K
X5(LSF4KBE8U
3>(<A>A'E,+4K
;
A'( J (<)L.E,+4KM]-(kF7R/R/E8L'E,+5K/F J,Jeb
?cXIF4E8Kgm]
)
J (<R/X4(l-L'&/(fA>(<K/A
(k)&/+5A'(QL'&/(
A'(*K/A'E8K/X
+5K0R/E,K/XB3>(*=?(*3'(<K0)<(Qd7F J T/(*A@F43>(
Om(NA'(<(*K
L.+
(*3>=?(*)*Lc[HK0+]
Z&/(Q)*+53'3>(<A ;
F43>(<R:L'+1L.&/E8A
;
;
G3'(*RY
ac(*3'(kF4X5F4E,KguF4)*L'E8d4(QA'(<K0A'E,K0XA>E,X
A>(<K/A>E,K/XiF7K/R%3.F4K0R/+5U
9hE,X5T/3>(0Y fL9Y0?DA
J E,K/(E,K
3>+5Om+7L@F4K/R
OP+4L.&:A>+5KGF43-A'(<K0A'+53>AcF7K/R
3'+H)<(*A'A*Y
;
"#IH )%WL.&/(1A'(<K0A'+53>A6&/Fnd4(kOm(*(<K
+4=oL'&/(
J +9)<F7L.E8+5KM+7=rL'&/(
92E,X5T03'(!/YfL0Y
E8K
T0A'E,K0X:FkA'( J (<)L.E,+4K
"
b
L'3'T/(
<Y
(<(*KF7)*L.Eed5(
3>(<R/T/)*(<AL'&/(Q(<KIL.3>+ ;Ib
O
E,)L.(<R
+4=pL'&/(
OP(*Ll]
]^F4A@A>( J (<)*L'(<R
]S&/E8)&sUW+5A L J8b
3'( ;
;
f
b
3>(<A>(<KIL.E8K/XBL.&/(
(*3'E,UW(<KIL^L'&/(3>+5Om+7L^]^F7AZF J,J +n]-(*R:L.+
;
/K/R/(<3>A<Y
E,U
3>( ;
L.&/(*3'(4go+5T03
(<3 =?(<)*L J8b
;
F4)L.E8d4(:A'(*K/A'E8K/X
E,K9=?+53'UW(<R
fA>L'3.F7L'(<X b Y
0.6
Active
Random
Reference
Estimation error
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
200
4$)-%
92E,X4T/3'(*A/Yf
(*d4+ J T9L.E,+4K
L.&0(N)<(*3>L.F4E,KIL b
;
F F4K/R
E8)*L'(<RE,K
&GF4K0RsE8A@K/+4L6F4O
R/( ;
+nd5(<3
700
-%
&" /.%.%,. #" $%
"B5',- $)#"$),. $/
E,)L:Ll]
L'E,UW(NE8A
+4=^L'&/(NR/Eequ(*3'(*KVL1F ;/;
92E,X4T/3'(w0Y f
OP(<E,K0X:F7LSL.&0(fL.3>T/(
;
?O
3>+5OGF4O/E J EeL.E,(*AoF4A'A>E,X5K0(<R:L.+
F43>(@R/( ;
(
-
400
500
600
time [secs]
+
+4L.&/(*3:UW(_F4A>T/3'(*A:=?+53L'&/E,A
;
?O
Y
J +9)<F7L.E8+5KF7= L.(*3
J (1L'+T0K/EonVT/( J8b
3'+IF4)&0(<A
+4A'E8L'E,+5K0A
-
;/J +7L'L.(*R
h+SA>&/(<R
L.&/F4KWL'&/(
;
/KGF J
(
(*3'E,UW(<KIL<Y
;
Z&/(
E,K
+4=^Om(*E,K/XMF7LfL'&/(L'3'T/(
) J +5A>(cL.+6L.&/(cL.3'T0(
J +H)_F7L'E,+5K
A1$f]
(NA>T/UUW(<RT
J +H)_FL.E,+4K+4=uL.&/(c3'+5OP+4L_Y
?cAa)<F4KiOm(jA>(<(<K&/(*3'(6F4)*L'E8d4(6A>(<K/A>E,K/XkE8AZ(HL.3>(<UW(
A>(<)<+4K/R/A<Y Z&/(
3'F4K/R/+4U
A>L.3'F7L.(*X b
J (<A>AaL'&GF4K R0(*L.(*3'UWE,K/(fL.&/(
;
+5A'EeL.E,+4K
+4=oL.&/(k3>+5Om+7L]SE8L'&/E,K
(<3>E,UW(<KIL_Y
9hE,X5T/3>(/Yf F(Y2?cAQ( ; (*)*L'(<R L.&/(NL'&/3'(*(
A>E,UWE J F73hL.+jL.&0+5A'(c+4=uL'&/(c(*A>L'E,UF7L.E8+5Kk(<3'3>+53oE,K
9 E,X4T/3'( /YfL0Y ;lK+53'R0(<3L.+f(<A>L'E,UF7L.(
2
+4=SL.&/(N(<KIL.3>+ ;Ib
)<T03>d5(*AZF43>(Sd4(<3 b
L.&0(
300
J E8X5&IL+5KIL.+ZL'&/(InVT/(<A L.E,+4K1F4AL'+^]S& b
F4A'A>E8d4(DUW(*L.&0+9Rk]-(cF4KGF J8b
F4)*L'E8d5(
`<(*RL.&0(cA>(<K/A>+53
J +9)<F J E8`_F7L'E,+5K
;
Z&/(<A>(d4F J T/(*A
J8b
)<(<3 LF4E8KB+4=
+5K
L'&/(1+7L.&/(*3
L'&/(QA')*+ ;
;
(k+4=rL.&0(
(<3>=?+43'UWAA'E8X5K/E /)_F4KIL Jeb
OP(*L>L.(*3
3>(_F4R0E,K/X5AoL.&/F7LoL.&/(SLl]-+fU(L.&/+HR/Ao)<+4K/A'E8R/(<3>(<R
R7!&%(;!10243$!Z39%:3 35<; ; 3$"$%43!+;(.57; 2M0R7.S ;!&' P 2(" 57R7RTS ;3"H%:3$5T2(0 %4R,S" ,Y2(;! XY!&6*%MS ;! 5T3 6&%4002M3 XY! %,<,R757!&'3$2
%M6357LM! ; !*0 ;5T0&; V8!&"! 3 ! ,92(5T0N3570<; ')57"! 63$5T2(0 %(; 32-XY!Z;!&RT! 63$!&'$?
:B$?Z %/L 570<;,9!&"$6*!*57LM! ' 3$!Z;!&0 ;2M" L:%4R7S!&;&[
@
H0 Active
Random
Reference
2
Entropy H(L)
Probability of real position
2.5
1.5
1
0.5
0
200
300
400
500
600
time [secs]
:
R/T/3>E,K/X
]
J +H)_F J E,`_FL.E,+4KY
(<3'(BE8K/)<+43 ;
+53.F7L'(<R
F4K/R
(
;/J +4L'L'E,K/X:L'&/(<E836(*K/R
(<)L.(<Rug/L.&/(
;
-
F4K/R
?O
F ;/;0J8b
1R/( ;
DC A
E,)*LQL'&/(i(<K/R
;
0.4
0.2
O
"
V
5
300
400
500
600
time [secs]
;/J +4LDL'&/(1A>+5KGF43@F7K/R
J F7A'(<3cU(<F4A'T03'(<UW(<KIL'ADL.&GFL
)&/+H+5A>E,K/X%3>(_F4R/E8K/X5Af3.F4K/R0+5U
A')_FL'L.(*3'(*R
Jeb
L'+L'&/(QL.3'T0(
J (_F4A>(
Jeb Y
Z&0(BR/3.F_]SK
J +H)_F J E,`<F7L.E8+5K
+5A'EeL.E8+5K%+4=-L'&/(k3'+5OP+4LfF7LjL.&/F7LjL.E,UW(4Y
;
+nd5(*3^L.&/(]S&0+ J ((*KId9E83'+5K0U(*KVL<Y
+5E,KIL.A1+4=cL'&/(iA'(*K/A'+53k3>(_F4R/E8K/X5AQT/A>(<R
E,K/Xs+5T/3F4)L.E8d4(MA L.3.FL.(<X b Y
700
(.%,5 5 Q
- ,+0.% ('&$%
-%
&"$/
Z
A L.+53>E,K/XjL.&0(DA'(*K/A'+43-UW(_F4A>T/3'(*U(*KVL'A^)<+4K/A'E8R/(<3>(<RN=?+53
b
+5E,KIL'AZF43'(D3.F4K/R0+5U
;
OP( J E,(=^]S&/(<K
+5E8KVL'Aj3'( J F7L.Eed5(
;
0.6
200
cF7K/R
E8KIL.+ML'&/(B3'+5OP+4L
+5E,KIL.Ar&GF_d5(DOm(*(<K:X5(*K/(<3'F7L.(*R:O
;
F
0.8
0
(
92E8X5T/3'(*A7/Yf
1
700
4" -).%,( ,+5 Q
/+ $)- )- #$
VtZ
Active
Random
Reference
K0+4L.(L.&GF7LWL.&0(<A'(
;
=?+53
;
+5A'EeL.E,+4K
+5E8KIL.AWA>L.(*U
?cA
,@ F
92E,X4T/3'(*A
/Yf
(<A L.E,UF7L'E,+5K]S&0(<K
#"
,3
=?3'+5U
(
(<3'E8U(*KIL
;
]S&/(*3'(jL.&/(j3'+4Om+4LZ]-F4AaF J8J +n]-(*RBL.+k)&/+H+5A'(fF4UW+5K/XQOP+4L.&iA'(*K/A'+43'A<Y
" ('&
" -%$8,+
VtZ
$%&" .
"
V
5
$)/.9! $ .%#!#":-%$ ,+0. " &1 $) -)# .% Q"&$/
Z
ac(*3'(SL.&/(aF4R0d7F4KIL.F4X5(S+4=m+5T/3oU(L.&/+HRkOm(*)<+5UW(<Ao+5OIdHE,+4T/Al2L'&/(
+5K
Jeb
T/A>(<RL.+kA')<F4KL'&/(jOm+_F7K/RiE8L.AZA b
L.+kO/3>(_F4[L.&/(@A b
UWUW(*L.3 b
+4=pL.&0(6)*+53'3>E,R/+43<Y
;9
A'(*K/A'+43
+4=pL.&0(
A'(*K/A'+43'AE8AcA>E,X5K/E G)_F7KVL J8b
;9
&N
/Yf
?)4Y -Y
L9l
F4K0R0Y f
# J F4A'(*3^3.F7K/X5(
b
+5A>E8L.E8+5K
;
T
;/;
(*3
J (= LS) J +4T/Ri+4=
;lKU+4A>LS+4L'&/(<3Z)<F4A'(*ASL'&/(
,@ ?O- Y
)4Y -Y`/Yf
R/T/(WL.+L.&/(*E,36&/E,X5&0(<36F4)<)*T/3.F7) b
T/A>E,K/XOm+4L'&
UUW(*L'3'E,)
J (*A'ArF4)<)*T/3.FL.(aA'+5KGF73A'(<K0A'+53>A^F43>(
Z&/E,A1F J A>+
(
A'( J (<)L.E8K/X
L.&/(j3>E,X5&ILZ[VE,K0RB+4=
+7=
+5E8KVL'A -E8K+43'R/(*3
J F4A>(<3ZA>(<K/A>+53'AcF43'(
;0J F4E8K/A6]S&
b
OP(*L>L.(<3aL.&GF7K%F4)*L'E8d4(fA>(<K/A>E,K/X:]S&/(*K
GK/R/(*3^]SE8L'&iL'&/(jF4O/E J EeL b
;
F4)*L'E8d4(A>(<K/A>E,K/XM]S&0(<K
T/A>E,K/X:+4K
A'(<K0A'+53SE8L^)<+5U
L'&/(@A'+4KGF43ZA'(*K/A'+43'ASL.+QR/E8A.F4U
3'(*=?(*3'3>(<R
;
+5K0(1[VE,K/R
J8b
+4=
O0E,K/(*A^L.&/(jF4)*)<T/3'F4) b
O0E,X5TGFL.(cL'&/(
;
+4A'E8L'E,+5K
(<A L.E8UNF7L'E,+5KuY
Z&/E8AN)&GF ;
a$E
L.(<3NF4R0d4+9)<F7L.(*ABFtK/(]jgaF4)*L'E8d5(MF ;/;
3>+IF4)&"L'+UW+5O/E J (B3'+4Om+4L
;lK
J +H)_F J E,`<F7L.E8+5KY
F4)*L'E8d4(
J +H)_F J E,`<F7L.E8+5KgVL.&/(f3'+5OP+4La)<+4KVL'3'+ J AcEeL.AZd7F43'E8+5T/Aa(*qm(<)L.+53>ADA'+NF4ASL.+NUW+5A Lc( W)<E,(*KIL J8bJ +9)<F J E8`<(EeL.A'( J = Y
@ 0
4" ('&
" -%$8,+
$%&" .
VtZ
;lKN(*A'A>(<K/)*(4gGF4)L.E8+5K/ArF43'(aX5(*K/(<3'F7L.(*R:O
O
(*KIL.3'+ ;Vb Y
b
"
# D*
Z&/E8A:OGF4A>E,)
3#*UT-#
E,K0)<+53 ;
,3Gg
3'(<A>T
UE8K/E,UWE,`*E,K/XaL.&/(S=?T0L.T03'(a(
b
" "
F4)L.E,+4K
Z&/(B( W)<E,(*K/) b
+4=
(*KVL'3'+ ;Ib Y
J +H)_F J E,`<F7L.E8+5K
)*+5U
E,A
F ;/;/J E,(*R
-+4L.&
;
L.+sLl]-+
F ;/;
+5K/(<KIL
;
(<KGF7O
F7)*L.Eed5(
3>+IF4)&/(*AB&GF_d5(
J +H)_F J E,`_FL.E,+4K
OP(<(*K
J (<UWAl
3'+5O
;
(<)*L'(<R%)*+5A>L'AF43>(
;
d5(<3>E G(*R
(<U
E,3>E,)<F J,Jeb
;
F43'E8A'+5KF43>(l
E8K/)<3>(_F4A>(<R
]S&/(*K
F4)*L'E,+5K/A
Z&/E,A2E,AhL'&/(^)<F4A'(-=?+432OP+4L.&kF4)L.Eed5(-K/FndHE8XIF7L.E8+5K
L'&/(DF7)*L.Eed5(a)<+5U
(*)*L'(<RBT/K/)*(<3 LF4E8KVL b g9UW(_F7A'T/3>(<R
;
L.&/(6)_F4A>(1+4=F4)*L'E8d5(6KGF_dHE,XIFL.E,+4KgG(
A'( J (<)L.E8+5KY
(<3'E8U(*KILF J
;
)$ /.9 $ .%#!#":-%$ $) -)# " ,. /. -) "
/
" /.%- ":-,
Z
N# D* 8( )3$(D3VT4YO;lK
J L'AS+4=hL'&/(j(
f5Y
5
;' fjU+5O0E J (c3'+5OP+4L<Y
T/A>E,K/Xk+5T/35_
Z&/(6[4( b
V
3'E,K0)<E ;0J (i&GF4A:OP(<(*K
;
F4K/R
+53'F7L.(*R"E8KVL'+L.&0(
"
J (*R:Fj3'+5OP+4LoL.+
F43'(:A>( J (<)*L'(<R
O
;lKQA>+5UW(-)_F7A'(<A*g
F7K/RkF4)*L'E8d4(^A'(*K/A'E8K/X/Y
J +H)_F J E,`*(ZE8L.A>( J =m]S&/(*3'(aL.&/(
;
UWE,K/E8UE8`<E8K/X
b
F4A>A'E8d4(D)*+5T/KIL.(*3 ;
F43 L
= F4E J (*RY
9Y
Z&/(63'( J F7L'E8d4(fF7R0d7F4KILF4X5(6+4=F4)*L'E8d5(
+5A'A>(<A>A'(<Aa3'( J F7L'E8d4( J8b
;
=?(]
J +H)_F J E,`<F7L.E8+5K:E8A
=?(<F7L.T/3>(<A^L'&GF7LZ(*KGF4O
J (jF
F43>L'E,)<T
;
J F43 J8bJ F43>X5(jE8=2L'&/(6(<KIdHE,3'+4K/U(*KIL
3'+5OP+4L-L'+QT/KGF4U1O/E,X5T0+5T/A Jeb
R/(*L'(<3'UWE,K0(E8L'A
J +9)<F7L.E8+5KY
(<A ;
E8L'(DL.&0(<A'(j(*K/)<+5T03.F4X5E8K/X
5T/3rE,U
J L.A*g0L.&0(<3'(jF73'(A>+5U(
J E,UWE8L.F7L.E8+5K/AL'&GF7LZR/(*A'(*3>d5(j=?T0L'T/3'(3>(<A>(_F43>)&Y
;/J (*U(*KVL.F7L.E8+5KQ+4=pF7)*L.Eed5(cKGF_d9E8XIF7L'E,+5KWE,ArOGF4A>(<R:+5KWL.&/(DF4A'A>T/U
E,AoA LF7L'E,)4Y
&/E J (aUWE,K0+53)&GF4K/X4(<A-A>T/)&BF4A
L.(*)&/K/EHT0(4g+ ;
(<K/(*R
J +H)_FL.E,+4K/A1OP(<&/E8K/R
A>L.F7L.(c+4=\R/+H+53>A
L'+
;
+536) J +4A'(<RR/+9+43'A1)<F4K
L.&/(*A'(iR/+H+53'A*Y
(<+ ;/J (
;
F4A'A>E,K/X6O
R/3'F4UF7L.E8)_F J8J8b
Z&/(*3'(=?+53'(F
[HK0+]
+4A'E8L'E,+5K%+7=
;
L.&/(A>L.F7L.(i+4=cR/+H+53'A
L.E8+5KL'&GF7LrL.&/(c(<KIdHE,3'+4K/U(*KIL
;
&/Fnd4(DK/+fA'E8X5K/E /)_F4KILrE,U
b
F4)Lo+5KN+5T03
;
)&/F4K/X5(WL.&/()<+5A L.A1=?+53f3'(<F4)&/E,K0X
UF4E,KL'+ ;
E8):+4=a=?T0L.T/3>(:]-+43'[
R/T03'E,K0XfX J +5OGF JGJ +9)<F J E8`_F7L'E,+5KuY
t(cF43'(c)<+5K
OP(<)_F7T/A'(W(*d4(<KtL'&/+5T/X4&sL'&/(
K/(*(<R
3>(<A'T
/R/(<KIL-L'&GF7LrL.&/E8A
3'+5O
;
L'&/(k3'+5OP+4LjE,A@K0+4Lj[VK/+n]SKR/T/3>E,K/X
%U# D*iL'+%L.&/(3'+5OP+4LkE8K
E8A1L.+
J (<U
(<A L.E8UNF7L'(NL.&0(
)<F4K:OP(cA>+ J d4(<R
J +9)<F J E8`_F7L'E,+5Kg
+43'R/(*3kL'+
)<+5U
;
LF73'X5(L
]
(W+4K
J8b
T0L'(iL'&/()<+5A L.Ak+4=
F4)L.E,+4K/A<Y
?DK/+7L.&/(*31[4(
L.E8+5KY
)<+4U
bsJ E,UWE8L.F7L.E8+5K
&/E J (jA'+5UW(
;/J (9E8L b
F73'E,A>(<Aj=?3'+5U#L.&/(NF J X5+43'E8L'&/UWE,)1)*+5U
F J X5+53>E8L'&/UE8)DL.3>E,)[VADUF4R/(jL.&0(
;
A>E,X5K0E G)<F4KIL J8bJ F43'X5(*3
LFL.E,+4KN+4=\L'&/((<KIdHE,3>+5K/UW(<KILZE8KN)<+4U
J L@E,KMF:U
c+n]
(
T/)&%UW+53'(f( W)<E8(<KIL@E8U
;/J +53.F7L'E,+5K
(*d4(<3<g
L.&/(W(<KIL.3>+ ;Ibs;
T0L.F7L.E8+5K+4=(<KIL'3'+ ;Ib
?(4Y X/Yeg7U
E8A
E8KBK/+5K/(@+4=
7U
F?
Y
=?(_F4A>E,O
; J (<UW(<KILFL.E,+4K
/
+4=L'&/(QF ;0;
3'+IF7)&
;lK
;
;
F4)*L'E,+5K/A
3'+ ;
l&GF43>RghF4K/RtL'&/(<3>((9E,A>LfA'EeL.TGFL.E,+4K/A]S&/(<3>(NX53>(<(*R
+5T03^(
;
(<3'E8U(*KIL.A^]
3'( ;
L'+
$
3'(*A'(*K
UE8X5&IL^F J 3'(<F4R
8?
b
L.&0(
3'+IF4)&
+5A>(<R%&/(*3'(4Y
3>E,K/)*E ;/J (4guL'&/(
,
3'(*R/E,)
J (6]SEeL.&/E8K
&0E,(<3'F43')&0E,)_F J
O/E,K/F7L.E8+5K]SEeL.&BFf=?+H)<T0A'A'(*RiA'(_F73')&B=?+53
J E8UEeLF7L'E,+5KF43>E,A>(<A=?3'+4U#L.&0(QX53'(*(<R/E8K/(<A>A6+7=^F4)L.E8+5K%A'( J (<)L.E8+5KY
L.E8UNF J
+4=
OP+5T/K/R0A@+4=r+5T/3D(*KId9E83'+5K0U(*KVL<g\U+43'(13>(<A>(_F43>)&tE8ADK/(*(<R/(*RsL'+:A')<F J (1L'&/(kF ;/;
(<KIdHE,3>+5K/UW(<KIL.AL'&GF7LF43'(
3'(*A'T
)<+5U
;/J (0EeL b
;
3>+5O
J (*U
A>(<)*+5K/R
+4=
A'+ J T0L.E8+5K/A@]SE J8J
(6(d5(*3a+4O/A'(*3>d5(*RL'&GF7L^L'&/(@3'+4Om+4L-]^F4AZT0KGF4O
J (L.+
+ ;
b
= F4E J Y
J +H)_F J
@
H0 ;
E,`*(kE8L.A>( J =-T/A>E,K/X+5T/3jX53>(<(*R
F4A>A'Eed5(6)<+5T/KIL'(<3 ;
F43>L<Y
b
F ;/;
3>+IF4)&g
A'+5UW(*L'&/E,K0XiL'&GF7L
VT/E8L'(W=?3>( VT/(*KVL J8b
&GF ;/;
(*K/(<Rt]SE8L.&
L.&0(
!
"$#&%
('
*)
+M+ ;
+-,.'
7
%$
(<3'F7L.(WA'T/)*)<(*A'A>=?T
E8K
J,J8b
L.&0(<E,3k(*KVdHE83'+5K/UW(<KIL'A:F4K/R
+53>R/(<31L'+
+5K
+ ;
;
T
J F7L.(*R(*KVdHE83'+5K/UW(<KIL'A<g2UW+5O/E J (Q3>+5Om+7L.AjU
3'(<F4)*LWL.+tT/K0=?+53>(<A'(*(<K
F4)&/E8(*d5(:L'&/(<E831UWE,A>A'E,+4K/A<Y
21 @43$ 65
3'( J8b
F_d5+5E8RGF4K/)*(DE8A
$
)<+ J,J E8A'E8+5K
P ' P @ Y
A L.3'E8)*L J8b
87 Z&/(
A'(*K/A'+43 lO/F4A'(*R
=?3>(<(SUW+4L.E8+5KY
Z&/( b
F43>(N(<F4A'E J8b
+53>R/(<3-L'+
X J +5OGF J
;
L.3'F ;/;
+nd5(*3')<+4U(L'&/E,A
F7L'&
(<RtE,K
UE8K/E,UF
><
J (4Y
cK0=?+43>L.T0KGF7L.( J8b g0L.&/(jA>(<K/A>+53 OGF4A'(*R
J E8UEeLF7L'E,+5K0A<Y
=L'&/(
;
;:
F4A
F4O
J (+7=^R/(L.(<)L.E8K/X%F43>O/E8L'3.F43 b
J F73'X5(a+5O/A LF4) J (<A-UNF4R0(D+4=pX J F4A'A*g
-
)<F4K/K/+4L
lA>&GF ;
(<R
Z&/(
+ ;
;
3'+4O
(<3'F7L.E8+5K
E8K
LF7A'[:A ;
J (*U
L'&/(
(*)<E /)_F J8J8b
+4=
J +H)_F7L'E,+5K0A
=?
$1
(*T0L.A>)&/(<A
)&/F J,J (<K/X5E8K/X
+53
-+5K/K
A@
A'(*(
A b
A L.(<UWA
2E,3
`<(*RNL.+fR/(*L'(<3'UWE,K0(
L.E8UNF J
97
K/+4L-Om(F4O
F J A'+
3>+5O
X5T/E8R/(DL.&0(
Y
;
+53 LF4KIL
3'+5OP+4Lk]SE8L'&
R0(*L.(*)*L^L'&/(<U
R/T/(DL'+
R/(*L'(<)L.(<RQ(<F43 Jeb
B3
F
J (aL.+
J (*UA
9Y 9Y lK
L.&/((<KIdHE,3'+4K/U(*KIL
Z&/(SA>(*d5(*3'EeL b
9(<)L.E,+4K
L'+
+5K/(<KIL'Aa&/F4ASE,U
;0J (4ghE8=
;
O0E,K/(*RN]SE8L'&BF
R/E,3>(<)L.E,+4K/A
;
=<
A>+ J T9L.E,+4K/A
GX5T03.F7L'E,+5K/A Y
+4=
L.&/(
A ;
;
(<)*T
3'+5O
J F73
J (<U
(<K/+4T/X5&1L'+@F J,J +n]
J (j+5O0A>LF7) J (*A^]^F7AcFQFQUF >+53^+4O/A>L.F4) J (E,KBL.&0(]^F b
T/A'(*T/U
aE J
E8K
0/ 9 @ / 3>+5Om+7L
J LkL'+( VT/E ;
+436(0F4U
&GF_d5(@A'(d5(*3'(
(*(<RQ+4=/L'&/(-3>+5OP+4L_g7F4A2+4O/A>L.F4) J (<A2&/Fnd4(-L.+cOm(
T/K/R0(*L.(*)*L.F4O
KGF4UWE,)<F J,Jeb
b
3>+IF4)&/(*ASF43'(D+4= L.(*KB)<+5U
+5O/A LF4) J (<A*Y
L.&0(63>+5OP+4LZL.+kR/(*)<( J (<3'F7L.(jA.F=?( J8b Y
F4KGF J8b
+4O/A>L.F4) J ()*+5K
3'( G(<)L.E8+5K/A<g5]S&0E,)&W+4= L.(*KQ+9)*)<T/3oF7LA'UW+9+4L'&QA'T/3 = F4)<(*AoA'T/)&F4AX J F4A'A*Y
E,K0)<3'(<F4A'(*A2]SE8L'&fL'&/(-A ;
(*3')*(<E8d4(
;
3'+5F4)&/(<AcL.+N)*+ J,J E,A>E,+5K
3>+9R/T0)<(-+ ;
;
E8LWUE8X5&ILkOm(R/E )*T
lOGF7A'(<RiA>(<K/A>+53'AZA>T/)&F4A-A>+5KGF43>A^T/A'T/F J,Jeb
R
A>(<(B(7Y X/Y
+7=L.&/(*A'(QF ;/;
J E,X5&IL OGF4A>(<RNA>(<K/A>+53'A^]SE J,J
$
F4K/RN(*d5(*KiA'+5T/K0R
+7=hL'&/(<A>(63>(_F4)L.Eed5(j)<+5U
;0J (mg
;/J F4K
J (
L'&/((*KVdHE83'+5K/UW(<KILZE8A-)*+5K/A'E8R/(<3>(<Rg0A'T/)&
L.&/F7LhL'&/( b
A>T/)&
F73.F4R/E8X5U
(*KId9E83'+5K0U(*KVLE,Ak)*+5U
A>(<K/A>+531A>T/E8L'(N)<F ;
+5A'A>(<A'A>(<A
=?3'F4)*L'E,+5K:+7=
T/A L1OP(:F4O
(9E8A>L.E8K/X
F43'(c)<+5KIL'E,KVT/+5T/A J8b
;/J F7K/K/(<3rL.&GFL^X5(*K/(<3'F7L.(*AZE,KIL.(*3'UW(<R/E,F7L.(SLF43>X5(*L
:
;
A'UF J,J
R/E,A'F4R0d7F4KILF4X4(
J +9)<F J
3>(
L.&/(B3>+5OP+4L
F43.F4R0E,X5U
;
E,K/&/(*3'(*KVL^R/E,A'F4R0d7F4KILF4X4(4g9L'&/(<A>(jF ;/;
)<+ J,J E8A'E8+5K:F_d5+4E,RGF4K0)<(6U+HR/T
F
3>(<R/+4UE8KGF4KIL
;
F
J8b
J +H)_F J L.(<)&0K/E VT/(*A&GF_d5(-L'&/(-+4OVdHE8+5T/A
J (<A6L.+%)<+4KVL'3'+ J
9(<K/A>+53^3>(_F4R/E8K/X5A
(<)_F7T/A'(@+5K
)*E,3>)<T/UWA>L.F4K/)<(*A<gSF4K0R
+%(<K0A'T/3>(BA.F7=?(:K/FndHE8XIF7L.E8+5KgUW+5A L
3'(<F4)*L'E8d4(B)<+ J8J E,A>E,+5KtF_d5+5E8RGF4K/)*(BU+HR/T
+4=
A>T/)<)*(<A'A =?T
&GF7LUF4R/(iL.&/E8A
=?+53ZA'F7=?(jKGF_d9E8XIF7L'E,+5K:]-F4ASL.&/(jKGF7L'T/3'(j+4=hL.&/(j(*KVdHE83'+5K/UW(<KIL<Y
&0E J (
J
/
@
Stereo camera
! ! o1
Sonars
o2
Tactiles
Laser range
finder
Infrared
o3
"$#&%('
)*' ',+ -/.*0213547683947:; 0<6=47>?47; A@CBED F'G 0 H>?0 I #&%(J#J% ;=3 71 JK 4L35; # 1 *# 3 # > 0 % 73=3
3 6=: 0 71MN; 0 H>0 I7O 3 4QPA3 K 0; 4L13=4 0<P # N# 3R 35;9>?0 4SPT; 0U6=47>?47;VW3/354L1H6C350213=476X3 '
+ >- G 0 H>?0 I7Y[Z 4 # 1\;=3];54171(47; 06 H6XM_^`;54H^aM0;50 ;A47>35; 0 '
< [b
]
E,Ah( VT/E ;/;
(<3'(6dHE,3>L'TGF J8J8b
A>(<(Q(7Y X/Y
(*R
]SE8L'&
?
/d5(ZR0E8qm(<3'(*KILA'(*K/A'+43A b
T0K/R/(*L'(<)LF4O
gf eQE,K
J F4OP( J
J (f=?+53ZL'&/(f3>+5OP+4L_g
Nc9Ye F guU(LF
2E8X5T/3>(
;/J F7L.(*Ac+5K]S&/E,)&M(9&/E,O0E8L.AS]
L.&0(
U
(<(*RY
E,KMFNU
;/J F7)<(<R
jf\k
J,J E,A'E8+5K/A-]-F4Aa+4=T9L.UW+5A>LaE,U
T/A>(<T/UY
Z&/(
<
3'(<F4R/(*3DUF b
lKtL'&/E,A6)&GF ;
&
b
O/3'E8R
F ;/;
L'(<3j]-(
3'+ ;
;
E,K
4@
lc9Ye ?O- g
2E,X4T/3'(
J g-L.&0(
3>+4L.(*)*Lc(9&/E8O/E8L'A
;
hf*i guA>UNF
J F4OP( J
>T/A LcL'+NKGF7U(6A'+5UW(4Y
3>+5Om+7Lk&GF4R
L'+
U+nd5(
;
(*)*L.(*R
G+53
F7Lk]-F J [VE,K0X
+53>L.F4K/)<(@R0T/(6L'+WL'&/(6KGF7L.T03'(j+4=2L'&/(
;
?
U(LF J
J,J
>+5O/A LF4) J (<A
L.+:OP(f=?+4T/K/R
E8K
F7L.(*R:LF4A>[B(<KIdHE,3>+5K/UW(<KIL.AZ=?+53^=?T0L'T/3'(jA>(<3>dHE8)<(63'+5OP+4L.A*Y
+5A>(NFiA'+ J T0L'E,+5K%L.+L.&/(
3>+5O
;
J (*U
nb@T03
+4=-T/K/R/(L.(<)LF4O
<
LD(<K/A>T/3'(*ADL.&/F7LD]SEeL.&M&0E,X5&
Uo,prq(c$? <q_s ? <q43 ]SE8L.&%+4O/A>L.F4) J (<AK/+7L@R/(*L'(<)LF4O
K/F4UE8):]SE,K/R0+]
F ;/;
A'E8+5K%F_d5+4E,RGF4K0)<(1L'(<)&/K/EVT/(
3'+4Om+4L'A<Y
L'+
;
LF4) J (*A
J (N+4O/A>L.F4) J (<A<Y
3'+IF4)&L.+W3'(<F4)*L'E8d5(6)<+ J,J E8A'E8+5KiF_d5+5E8RGF4K/)*(fE8KVL'(<X53'F7L.(*AcA>(<K/A>+53aE,K0=?+53>UNFL.E,+4K:]SE8L.&UW+9R/( J
)<+ J,J E8A'E8+5K/AS(*d4(<K
b
T0LcT
;
K0+4L.E8)<(fL'&GF7LcA'E8UE J F43Z)*+5K/R/EeL.E,+4K/ADF73'(1(
OGF4A>(<R%E8K0=?+53'UF7L'E,+5KiF4OP+5T0LD+5O/A LF4) J (<A*Y
L.&0(R
dc9Ye" F( g4d7F43>E,+5T0A2+5O/A
2E,X4T/3'(
OGF43>A@F7Ld7F43>E,+5T/Ac&/(<E8X5&IL.A
J
J F4Om( J
3>E8d7F7L.(@&0+5U(*ASF4K/Rid7F43'E8+5T/AZ+4L'&/(<3aF4KIL.E8)<E ;
;
97
?
?
A'(*(
A'T0)&%F4A -X J F4A>AS)_F4X5(*A<g
L.+5T/3 lX5T0E,R/(iF ;0;/J E8)_F7L'E,+5KL'+tOP(A'T/)*)<(<A>A>=?T
,mad5+5E8R/E,K/Xk)*+
A ;
(<3'(
)
T0A'(<T0U
A>L'(<UWA
3>+IF4)&
]S&/E,)&ME,AD(*A ;
J (
ut
Z&/(@UW+HR/( J lOGF4A>(<R:(HL.(<K0A'E,+4KgG)_F J8J (*R
Qˆ(ˆ‰Šx{…‹-g/R/Eequ(*3'A^=?3'+4U
U+4A>L
;
J E,[7( J E,&/+H+9Rug0L.&/(13'+5OP+4LDFnd4+5E,R0A
]SE8L'&%E8L.AcA'(*K/A'+53>A<Y
(<)*E F J8J8b
R/(<A>E,X5K0(<R
Z&/E,ADL'(<)&/K0E VT/(QE,ADOGF4A'(*R
g^F%A>L'3'E8)*L Jeb
L.+N)<+5K/A>E,R/(*3cL'&/(
vm A>&/+53
+5K
A>(<K/A>+53 OGF4A'(*R")*+ J,J E
R
b
KGF4UWE,)*AD+4=oUW+5O/E J (
Fwyx{z|&}X~€7|z‚z*ƒ\„*w E …[† ‡ „zx†
LZ=?+53
3>(*dHE,+5T0ASL'(<)&/K0E VT/(<AaE,KBL'&GF7LSE8L
e5YS)*+5K/A'E8R/(<3>AZL.&/(Œz*ƒ„*w E …€6+4=hL'&/(j3'+5OP+4LaF4K0R
i
wyx{z|&}X~€7|zBE8K0=?+53>UNF7L'E,+5KNF4OP+5T0LS+5O/A
<
YSE8KVL'(<X53'F7L.(*A
lK
t
+53>R/(<3BL'+
vm
+53 J R
3'+4Om+4L
UW+9R0( J OGF4A>(<R
X5(<K/(*3.F7L'(<Ad9E83>L'TGF J
UW+5T/KIL.(*R
]
E8KVL'(<X53'F7L.(
+5K"L.&0(
UW+9R0( J Y
1
3'( J F7L.Eed5(WL.+
d5(*3'A>E,+5Ks+4=
MF43'[7+nd
A'(*K/A'+43M3'(<F4R/E8K/X5A<Y
3'+5OP+4L]S&/E,)&
Z&/(6OGF4A>E,)
E,K0=?+43'UF7L.E8+5K
;
E8ABF4O
J (L'+
Z&/(<A>(
3'( J E F4O
LF4) J (*AaE8KIL.+k3'+5OP+4LS)*+5KIL.3'+ J Y
E,KIL'+
J +H)_F J E,`_FL.E,+4K
E8K
L.&/(BUF ;
 j+5O/A
KGF4UWE,)%]SE,K0R/+n]
t
9(<)L.E8+5K
J F7L'(
F
HŽ
i
F ;/;
3'+IF4)&ug
;
3'+ 9E,UWE8L b
A>(<K/A>+53
LF4) J (<AN3'( ;
3'(<A>(<KIL.(*R
E8K"L.&0(
3'(<F4R/E,K0X5ASE,A^L.&/F7LSL.&/(
L.+%OP(:[VK/+n]SKY
&
F4A@E8KVL'3'+HR/T/)*(<RsE,K
b
R/(L.(*)*L
J8b
&/F4A
R
3'(<F4R/E8K/X5AA'E,U1T
3>(<)<+4K/R/E8L'E,+5KBL'+X5(*K/(<3'F7L.(6A'T0)&
L.&0(B+5O/A>L.F4) J (<A
L'&/(
vm
L'+(*A>L'E,UF7L.(
J +H)_F7L'E,+5KB+7=2L.&0(
F ;/;/J E,(<A1+5T/3
L'&/(
;
+5A>E8L'E,+5K
UW(*L'3'E,)
+7=-L.&0(
< q(c
3'+4Om+4LN]SE8L.&0E,K"L'&/(%UNF ;
F ;/;
3'+IF4)&E,AoF4O
vm
;
mc= L'(<3ZR/E8A')*T/A'A>E,K/XW3'(
O
b
F ;0;
3'+IF7)&Y
)*+5K/A>E,R/(*3'E,K0X
b
<
L'&/E,A@)&GF ;
q_q ?(4Y X/Y
9(*)*L.E8+5K
c9Y
g
/
9(<)L.E8+5K
J +9)<F J E8`<(-EeL.A>( J =
]
(
c9Y k
+4=jL.&0(
J L.AcF43>(6A>T/UWUNF43>E,`*(<RE,K
O/3'E8RF ;0;
R/(*A')*3'E,OP(<ASL.&0(
QŽ
9(<)L.E,+4K
c9Y c9gG=?+
J8J +n]-(*RiO
(<A>L'E,UF7L.E8+5KgZ+5T03
(d5(<K]S&/(<KWL.&/(a3'+5OP+4LoE8A
]SEeL.&/E8KWEeL.A(*KVdHE83'+5K/UW(<KIL
3'+IF7)&sL'+
T/3'( J8b
;
E8KIL.3'+HR/T/)*(i+5T/3Q( HL'(<K/A>E,+5K
+5A>E8L'E,+5K
R/T/3>E,K/XX J +5OGF J0J +H)_F J E,`<F7L.E8+5KY
‡‰A'(*K/A'+53c3'(<F4R/E,K0X5AcT0A'E,K0X:FX4(<+5UW(*L'3'E,)jUF
3>(<A'T
;
3>+5OGF4O/E J EeL b
;
(<)*E F J8J8b
L.(*3fE8KVL'3'+HR/T/)*(<Aj+5T/3j& b
X5(<K/(*3.F7L'E,K/X
UW(<KILF J
]SE8L.&W&/E8X5&
3'+5OP+4LL'+6A'F7=?( Jeb
J F7L'(<RB]-+43'[
lK
L.&/(%OP( J E,(*=jA LF7L'(
+5A'EeL.E,+4Kg7]S&/E8)&kE,A2L'&/(Z)_F4A>(S(<A ;
F J8J +n]SAoF@U+5O0E J (
Z&/(W3'(<UF4E8K/R/(<3@+7=
R/+n]
J (ZL.+fF_d5+5E8R)*+ J,J E,A'E8+5K/A
K/+4L)<(<3 LF4E8KWF4Om+4T0LE8L'A
t
Y
b
L.+
;
?A'(<(
)*+ J,J E,A'E8+5K
A>(<K/A>+53 OGF4A>(<RMR
&
b
O03'E,R
/
Z&VT/A*g
9(*)*L.E8+5K
Y
F_d4+5E,RGF7K/)<(7Y
b
)<+ J8J E8A'E,+4K
$
K/F4UE8)]SE,K
F_d5+5E8RGF4K/)*(
+7=L.&/(6(<KIdHE,3>+5K/UW(<KIL_Y
% Ž
;
(*3'E
FkR/E,A>)<T/A>A'E8+5KM+4=h=?T/3>L'&/(<3a3'(*A'(<F43')&
E,A>A'T/(*A<Y
"$#
)
,
!"#%$&(')"*!+,&-.!-0/)132%456"7&8'):9)+&(;4("2%<=&(>@?!"*<=!1A1@>A+,>A!B2C?!!>@92%B)<="*2%4("ED2%+("=9F!BG&8')"*-0'IH:+,>A<C2J1
2%B2J1A!K%HL%$G-M%&("BN&8>A2%1O"1@9)+PRQ*')"+,"S2%-0-)4(N2J<T')"+=U2J+V-04(!-M!+("=9W>@BYX[Z;'2!\ sJ] U;9)"7&8"=4(>AB)"^&8'0"
+,&(""=4(>AB0K_9)>A4,"<=&(>A!B`%$a&8')"4,!DM%&*DNHcbd'IH:-M%&8'0"=&8>@<C2%1@1@H0ef2J+(+(/06>@B)Kg&8')2J&*!D)+h&T2%<=1A"=+i2%+(+,"4,&iB0"KN2J&(>@?%"
$d!4,<"+j!Bc&8'0"4,!DM%&k2%B)9c&8'2l&;&8')"_&T2J4(K!"7&1@<2J&8>@!B^2%+,+("=4,&8+2m-.!+,>@&(>@?!"G$d%4(<"JPFQ*')"+,"6"=&(')90+
2%4,"g" Ž &(4(""1Hm$n2%+,&Uo2%B09p&8')"7Hm&qH-0>A<C2J1A1@Hm<=!B)+,>A9)"=4r!B)1Hs&8')"+(62%1A1t+,/)D)+,"=&;%$%D)+,&82%<1@"+r<=1A!+,"k&(
&8'0"64,!D.J&CP ')>@1A"G&(')"`-)'NH:+(>@<C2%1u2%B)2%1A!KJH^%$#<=!B)+,>A9)"=4(>AB0K
&8'0"64,!D.J&g2J+g2s$d4("="7vxw0H>@B)Kp%D "<7&g>@+
2J&,&8482J<=&8>?!"JUEZ;!4,"By2%B)9yzE!4("=B)+,&(">@By>@9)"BN&8>O"9{&('2J&F>AB|-)4(2%<=&(>A<="%UE+,/)<T'L"=&('):9)+_%$}&8"=B~$n2J>A1f&(
OB)9|&84(2 "<7&8!4,>A"=+DM"=&qf""=B€<1@!+("=1@H+(-2%<="9y!D)+,&82%<1@"+pX‚Zjz q
e 2 ] P m B~" Ž &8"=B)9)"9y?!"4,+(>@!ByJ$r&8'0"
-M%&8"=BI&(>32%1.O"1@9p2%-0-)4(N2J<T'p>A+i>@BI&(4(:9)/)<="9V>AB X Z o,q(c ] PEzfHƒ6:9)>@$}H:>@B)KG&8')"j-M%&8"=BN&8>32J1„$d/)B)<=&(>A!Bm&8'0"
%&8>@!B
J$…&8')"4(!DM%&†D."=<!"+†6%4("k"=‡<>@"BN&;2%B099)>@ˆ."4,"BN&DM"')2‰?:>@!4(+Š+(/)<T'‹2%+iE2%1A1a$d!1A1@‰i>AB)K
2%B)9m&84(2%<TŒI>AB)KF<2%B
DM"k2%<T')>@"=?!"=9„P
zE!4,"B)+h&8">@B‹2%B)9cZ;!4("=B^-)4(%-.!+,"9&(')" ‰‡ ‰Ž
H x‰Š…|f,
 |zn‹: €75Ž x(*‘ ‰*w X[z#Z qJ] i'0>A<T'^<1@!+("=1@H
4("=+("=GD)1A"=+ƒ-M%&8"=BI&(>32%1*O"=1A9€"=&('):9)+P’Q*')>A+s2J-)-)4(!2%<T'€/)+,"+m2%B€:<<=/)-2%B0<=HyK!4(>@9y&84("-04("+,"BN&
>AB$d!4(62J&8>@!B2JD.!/&;!D)+h&T2%<=1A"+j<=1A!+,"G&8ƒ&8'0"4,!DM%&CPQ*')>A+;K!4,>A9^>@+;K!"B)"=482J&("9“2%B)9c/)-M92J&("9c<!B:v
&8>@BI/)!/)+,1@H6/)+(>@B)KF/)1@&(482%+,!B)>A<†-)4( Ž >A>@&qH6+("=B)+(%4(+P B e7q_q
e zE!4("=B)+,&(">@B
2JB)9VZj%4("Bm" Ž &("B)90"9m&8')>@+
2%-)-04(N2%<T'6&8&(')" * |…75Ž x‰5,
 |zl‹: €75Ž x(*‘ ‰8*w X[z#Z qe] P b <<=/)-2%B0<=H6>AB0$d!4,`2l&8>A%B>@+u&(482%B0+,$d!4,6"=9`>ABN&(
26'0>A+,&(!K!4(2%”9)"=+(<4,>A-0&(>A!B
%$&(')"$d4,""k+(-2J<"_2%4,!/)B)9V&8')"k4(%D.%&Ui')>A<T'>@+i/)+("=9&8<!-)/0&("&8'0"
%&8>@!Bs9)>A4,"<7&8>A%Bm2%B)9m?!"1@<=>@&qH6$d!4#&8')"j4,!D.J&CP
m +•>A+t&8'0"u$n2%<7&a$d!4a6!+h&a" Ž >A+h&8>@B)Kr2J-)-)4(!2%<T')"+•&8Š4("2%<=&(>@?!"<=!1A1@>A+(>@!Bj2C?!!>@92%B)<="%U–&8')"&8"=<T')B)> /0"+
9)>@+(</0+(+("=9^+(`$n2J4†K!"=B)"4(2J&8"6J&8>A%B
<=!662%B)90+Š$d!4Š!D)>A1@";4(!DM%&(+r/)B)90"4†&(')"G2J+(+(/06-0&(>A!BV&8'2l&
>ABOB)>@&("V$d%4(<"=+`<2%B€DM"2%+,+("4h&8"=9—!BL&8'0"p4(%D.%&P’Q*'I/)+=U*&8')"
90H:B2%>A<+6%$&(')"p4,!D.J&ƒ2%4,"pB)J&
<%B)+(>@9)"4,"9^i')"Bc9)"7&8"=4(>AB)>@B)Ks2`9)"=+(>@4("9c%&8>@!Bp90>A4("=<=&(>A!B„P ‰E"7?!"4=Ut$d!4+82l$d"GB2C?:>AKN2J&(>A!B
%$
4(%D.%&(+„i>@&('k1@>A>@&("92J<<"=1A"=482J&(>A!B)+o>@&a>A+oB)"<="+(+(2%4,Hj&(i&82%Œ%">@BI&(i2%<<=!/)BN&a&8')">@6-)/01A+("5%$:&8')"4(%D.%&
bn+,""G"<7&8>A%B c P c $d!4†2$d/)4h&8')"=4†90>A+(<=/)+(+,>A!Bp%$…&8'0>A+i&8!-)>@<‰ePŠ>A6%B)+i9)"=?%"1A%-."=9>AB)90"-M"B)9)"=BN&81@H
$d4(%˜%/)490H:B2J6>@<fi>AB09)‰~2%-)-)4,N2%<T'G&8"=<T')B)> /0"#&8')" …7
‰ %Žn
‰Š|i* |x7…7}aŽ ƒ wy|7`Ž ‹x{z X‚>@ q_sl] P…zE%&('
2%-)-04(N2%<T'0"+#2J4("i"+,-."=<>32J1A1@HG9)"+,>AK!B)"=96&(9)"2%1i>@&('&(')"†9HB)2%6>@<+%$o6!D0>A1A"E4(!DM%&8+=P…Q*')"†+("C2J4(<T'
@
@
<
d q_s
! $d!4G%&(>A!BS<=!`2%B09)+_>A+G-M"4h$d!4("9|9)>@4("=<=&81H>@BS&8')"m+,-2%<"m%$Š&84(2%B)+,132J&(>A!B2J1E2%B09~4,%&T2l&8>A%B2%1
?!"=1A:<>&8>A"=+_2%B)9|>&G>A+F2J+(+(/06"=9|&('2J&_&(')"s4(!DM%&_‰?!"=+_!B|<>A4,</)1A2%4_2%4,<+=P B|D.J&8'~2%-)-)4,N2%<T')"=+
&8'0"690H:B2J6>@<+k%$E&(')"64,!DM%&2%4("F<%B)+(>@9)"4,"9SDNH‹<!B0+,&84(2%>AB0>AB)Ks&8'0"6+,"C2%4,<T'S+(-2J<"`J$*2%9)>A+,+(>@D)1A"
?!"=1A:<>&8>A"=+P
BL!4,9)"4_&(“9)"2%1*i>@&('y!D0+,&T2J<1A"=+_&8'2J&<2%B)B)%&6DM"V90"=&8"=<=&("9€DNH{&8'0"
4,!D.J& ‚++,"B)+,!4(+6>@&F>@+
B)"=<"+,+82%4hH€&8{>@BN&8"K%482J&("p9)"=1vxD2%+("=9€>AB$d!4(62J&8>@!B|>ABN&84("C2J<=&8>?!"^<=!1A1@>A+(>@!By2‰?%!>A9)2%B)<"JP b B)1@H
<%B)+(>@9)"4(2%D)1@H“+(62%1@1E2J&,&8"=BI&(>A!B'2%+_DM""B{-)2‰H%"9|&8&(')>A+-)4(!D01A" >AB“&8')"s1@>@&8"=482J&(/)4("JPc<T')>A9&
2%B)9 m 2%4, -)4,!-M!+("=9c2%Bc2%-)-)4,N2%<T'^&8s%&(>A!B
-)132%B0B)>AB)K6i')>A<T'^>@B-)4(>@B)<>@-)1A"<!/01A9^+(%1@?!"&8')>@+
-)4,!D)1A"= X mFq i ] P5Q*'0"#"-)'2%+,>A+•%$&8'0">A4af!4(Œj1A>@"+•>ABk&8')"f<!GD0>AB2J&(>A!Bj%$)K!1A!D)2%1I-2J&8'-)132JB)B)>AB0K
2%B)9~1A:<C2J1E<%1A1A>@+(>@!B{2C?!!>@92%B)<="%UfB)%&!B|&8')"m-)4,!D)1A"= %$2C?!!>@9)>AB)K^>@BN?>@+(>@D)1A"s!D0+,&T2J<1A"=+P "=4("JU
%&8>@!B|<!`2JB)9)+62%4("
K!"B)"=482J&("9€D)2%+("=9€!B—2‹K!1A!D)2%1*6:9)"=1ŠJ$&8')"
"BN?:>A4,!B)"BN&6i'0>A<T'€>@+
/)-M92J&("9sD2%+,"9m!Bs+,"B)+,!4,H`>AB)-)/&CP…Q*')"7Hs-)4,!-.%+(";2g"=&('):9`i')>A<T's"7‡<>A"=BN&81@H`" Ž &84(2%<=&(+*2G-2J&('
&8j2;K!!2%10-M!>ABN& D)2%+("=96!BF+,/)<T'`262%-„P ‰f"=?!"=4UI&8')"Š2%/&8')!4,+ 9);B)%&<=!B)+,>A9)"=4…&8')"*-)4,!D)1@"+…%$
4(%D.%&90H:B2%>A<=+ 2%B)9_/)B0<"4h&T2%>@BN&qHg>@BG&8')"#-M!+,>@&8>@!Bg"=+,&(>A62J&8>@!B„P /)4,&(')"4,6!4,"E>&…>A+5B)%& <=1A"2%4')‰
&8'0"ƒ+,&82J&8>@<`9)"=1fJ$*&8')"ƒ"=BN?>@4(!B06"=BI&G>A+g<=!GD)>@B)"9“i>@&8'“&8')" /)>@<TŒI1@H“<T'2%B)K!>@B)K>@B0$d!4(62J&(>A!B
!D0&82%>AB0"9m!Bv &8')"vxw)H%P
<
<
?
"$#
=' +
+ ' ) ,
,F
^
< Bs&8')";9HB)2%6>@<†i>@B)9)‰ 2J-)-)4(!2%<T'm<!BN&84,!1o>@+#<T')!+,"BV>ABƒ&(')";+(-2J<";%$a?!"=1A:<>&8>A"=+P ? !4E+,H:B)<T')4,Jv
9)4,>@?!"g4(!DM%&8+†&8')"_+,-2%<"_J$-.!+,+(>@D)1A"G<=!BN&84,!1>@+r-2%4(2%"=&8"=4(> "9^DNH
&8')" Ža‰8*„€%ŽEx„ 2%B09 ‰xlŽE*}
ŽnEx„ ?%"1A:<>&qH!P < B2%-0-."=B)9)> Ž z E"F+('0– &8'2l&j>@&;>@+;-.!+,+(>@D)1A"g&(V2%-)-)4, Ž >@`2J&("g&8'0"G&8482 @ "<=&(!4,H
%$f+,H:B)<T')4,Jvq904(>@?%"64,!DM%&8+jDNHc2s+(":/0"B)<="ƒ%$f<>A4,</)1A2%4;2%4,<+6bn<=/)4,?J2J&(/)4("=+TeP2%<T'‹+(/)<T'“</)4h?J2J&8/)4,"
>A+*/0B)> I/)"=1@Hƒ90"=&8"=4(>AB)"=9mDIHV2_<=!GD)>@B2J&8>@!Bƒ%$2G&84(2%B)+(1A2J&8>@!B2%1.2%B)9V2_4(J&T2J&(>A!B2J1.?!"=1A:<>&8>A"=+ ]
7m+
1A%B)Kp2J+k&(')"?%"1@<=>@&8>@"+k2%4,"6B)J&<T')2%B)K!"=9„U&8'0"64,!D.J&ki>@1A1 ‰?!"!B“&(')"6+(2%"6<=/)4,?J2J&(/)4("JPsQ*')"
9)>A2%6"7&8"=4%$u+(/)<T'“2s<>@4(</0132%4r2%4(<_>@+;9)"=&("4(>AB0"9^DNH&8'0"_482J&(>As%$&84(2%B)+,132J&(>A!B2J12%B09‹4,%&T2l&8>A%B2%1
?!"=1A:<>&q"
H !TP
BS4("=K!/)1A2%4k&(>A"F>ABN&8"=4,?J2%1A+`bn"JP K0P@U5"=?!"=4,HLP i c +("=<!B)90+Te7U %/)4g2J-)-)4(!2%<T'S<T'):!+("=+g?!"=1A:<>&8>A"=++,
2%+r&(sD."=+,&j!DM"=HV?J2%4(>@!/)+<=!B)+h&8482J>ABN&8+;2JB)9^-)4("7$d"4,"B)<="+$
P # x„€7Ž ‰8%‡ „‡Ž € 2%4,"G?>&T2%1a$d!4r&(')"G4,!D.J& ‚+
+82l$d"=&qH|2%B09L2%4,"s>A-.%+("9|DNHS&(!%4 I/)"m1A>@6>&8+=P !4_" Ž 2J6-)1@"%U &8'0"V62 Ž >Ag/) &(!%4 I/)"m>@B)9)/)<="+2
62 Ž >AG/) <T'2JB)K!"ƒ%$i?%"1A:<>&qH!U…i')>@<T'{+("7?!"4,"1H{1A>@6>&8+;&8')"`+(-2%<="s%$i-M!+(+,>AD)1@"ƒ<!BN&(4(!1bn"%P‚K)PU2
$n2%+h&f‰?:>AB)K;4,!D.J&<C2%B)B0%&&T2%ŒJ"r2 q'& 9)"K%4(""*&(/)4(B eP o !B)+h&84(2%>ABN&8+f2%4,"i2%1A+,k>@6-M!+,"9F>@$o2?!"1@<=>@&qH
f!/)1A9“>AB)"7?:>@&T2JD)1@Hp1A"C2J9‹&(2m<!1@1A>A+,>A!Bi>&8'2%B“%D)+,&82%<1@"%PsQ*')"=+("`<=!B)+h&8482J>ABN&8+k4(/)1@"6%/0&k<"4h&T2%>@B
<%BI&(4(!1@+ $d4(!˜$d/)4,&(')"4<%B)+(>@9)"4(2J&8>@!B„)
P (Š%&8>@<"#&('2J&&8')"7HF9)jB)%&u+(-M"<=>@$}H_-04("=$d"=4("=B)<"=+#2%!B)K;&8'0"
9)>ˆo"=4("BN&5<!BN&(4(!1I!-0&(>A!B0++ *%B0">@&(')"4a9)Š&8')"7H;&T2%ŒJ"E>@BI&(Š2%<<=!/)BN&&(')"f4,!DM%& ‚+t&T2%+,ŒMP , ‰|dH |Q‰Š|Q„ …|€ 2%4,"
" Ž -)4,"+,+("9c$d!4ŠD.J&8'
&(')"G%&8>@!Bm9)>A4,"<7&8>A%B2%B)9
&8')"k?!"1@<=>@&qHV%$…&(')"g4,!DM%&CPŠQ*')"=Hp2%4,"g9)"=1A"=9
DNH~2%B|"=?J2%1@/2J&8>@!BS$d/)B)<7&8>@!B{i')>A<T'~>A+F62 Ž >A> "=9S>AB|!4,9)"4_&(cO)B)9~&(')"VD."=+,&<!gD)>AB2l&8>A%BS%$
<
?
.0/214365879:3<;>=?9:@BAC7>DFE1+@HG;@BDF;IKJLAB;@M7>@BDF;IN7OQP38OF;58DR@TS;=VU83WAB;X"DY927Z9B[Q3%50DY7>O\5879:3<]^14DF5C1_DY9`@MAB3%7@M3Wab7IN7>OF;E;cN9BOdSe
U C
43
? q
&84(2%B)+,132J&(>A!B2J1„2%B)9m4,%&T2J&(>A!B)2%1.?%"1A:<>&qH`&(6<=!BN&84(%1„&8')"j4(%D.%&P
m $}&("4F9)"+,<4,>AD)>@B)K&8')"m4,"-)4,"+("=BN&T2J&(>A!B~%$Š+("=B)+(!492J&820U E"si>@1A1E90>A+(<=/)+(+_&(')"m9)>@ˆ."4,"BN&F<!B:v
+,&(482%>@BN&8+Š2%B)9m-)4,"=$d"4,"B)<="+r2%-)-)1@>A"9m>@Bƒ&8')"j90H:B2%>A<i>@B)9)‰ 2J-)-)4(!2%<T'„P
"!#!$&%'!)()*
m +s1@<2%1iE!4,1A9—90"1†f"^/)+,"“2S+,Jvq<2%1A1@"9€%D)+,&82%<1@"1A>@B)"
O"=1A9˜X‚z#z o p q(c–] Uii')>A<T' >@+s2&qElv
<
9 >@6"=B)+(>@!B2%1„90"+(<=4(>@-0&8>@!B
J$ +("=B)+(!4hHV92J&T2F4("=132J&(>@?%"j&(6&(')"4,!DM%&‚+i-.!+,>@&(>A!B„P &†<!BN&T2J>AB)+†21@>AB)"
)
$d!4"2%<T'‹4("C2J9)>AB)KsJ$#2s+(%B2%4;+("=B)+(%4Uti')>A<T'c>@+;-."=4(-M"B)9)>@</)1A2%4r&(m&(')"_62%>AB^2 Ž >@+;%$&8')"F+,"B)+,!4
DM"C2% 2J&ƒ&8'0"6"2%+(/04("9 9)>@+,&82%B)<"JP Q*'0"^1A"B0K%&8'—%$j&(')"^1A>@B)"p>@+`9)"7&8"4,6>@B)"9—DNH€&(')"D)4,"C2%9&8'
%$i&8'0"ƒD."2% >ABS&8'0"ƒK!>@?%"B{9)>@+,&82%B)<"JP
"C2%+,/)4("=6"=BN&8+F!D0&82%>AB)"=9S$d4(! 1A2%+("=4G482%B0K!"7v OB)9)"=4(+F2%4,"
4("=-)4("=+("=BI&("9mDNH`-M!>@BI&(+#2J&u&8'0"r"C2%+,/)4("=9s9)>A+h&T2%B)<="%Pu"=B)+(%4E>AB$d!4(62J&8>@!BF%$t>@B0$d482%4,"9`2%B)9`&82%<=&(>A1A"
+("=B)+(%4(+>@+†>@B)<1@/)9)"9p>ABm&8')"+82%"E2CH!PrQ•`"=B)+(/04("g&('2J&r&(')"g4,!DM%&r>@+r2JD)1A"j&8 :/0>A<TŒI1@H
2%92J-0&†&(
<T'2%B0K!"+G>@B“&(')"ƒ"BN?:>A4,!B)"BN&CU!D)+,&82%<1@"`>@B0$d!4(62J&(>A!B^>@+g!B)1Hc+,&(!4("=9S$d!4g2
<"4h&T2%>@BS2%!/)BN&%$
&8>@6"JU„i')>A<T'‹>A+;/0+(/2%1@1@Hp1A"+,+;&8'2%B i +("=<!B)90+P >AK!/)4," c P i bn2Ner+('0–i+g2s+(<C2JB%,
$ +.- ( b ‚+j&qf
132J+("4;4(2%B)K!"vxOB09)"4,+j&82%Œ%"=B“>@B&8')0
" /21"=/0&8+,<T')"+
/)+,"/) zf!B)4
B 3)PgQ*')"F<!4,4("+,-.%B)9)>AB0KV%D)+,&82%<1@"
1A>@B)"rO"=1A9V>A+*9)"=-)>A<7&8"=9
>@B >AK!/)4," c P i bnD ejbn+,!B2%4i4,"C2%9)>@B)K!+i2%4,"j-)1A%&,&8"=9
2J+*1A>AB0"+TeP
1
1
?
?
<
57698
5":8
1 47:$;@?(0BA ; 3506A350213=476X3 ; 1 M + >?-C=Š476=6=023 Z 4L1M # 1 % 47>35;
"$#&%('
)*' O*',+<; -/.>= ; N
:
&0 # 1(0,F0GAJM '
; =DA EA
,+ >AB)KS&(')>A+6!D)+,&82%<1@"4("=-)4("=+("=BI&82J&8>@!B„Ui&8')"p9)>A+h&T2%B)<="&8S%D)+,&82%<1@"+ƒ!B 2S<="4h&T2%>@B€</)4h?J2J&8/)4,"
<C2JB“DM"_<!-)/0&("9‹DNH^+(>@6-)1@"gK!"=!"=&84,>A<_4,"C2%+,!B)>AB0K 1A"7&IHJLK'M N’DM"F&(')"F482%90>A/)+J$#2s<>@4(<=/)132%4
&84(2 "<7&8!4hH!UN2JB)9g1@"=
& OFD."u&8')"E2%B)K!1@"uDM"=&qf""=B_&8')"u>ABN&8"=4(+,"<=&(>A!Bi>@&8'g2%Bg%D)+,&82%<1@"E2%B09g&8')"f-.%+(>@&(>A!B
%$j&8'0"‹4,!DM%&‹bn+,"" >@K!/)4," c P k e *;&8'0"B—&8')"^90>A+,&82%B)<="c&(S&8')>@+ƒ!D)+h&T2%<=1A"^!B—&(')"^<!4,4("=+(-M!B)9)>@B)K
</04,?J2J&8/04("j>A+*K!>?!"=B
DN)
H OP*H:P
B^&8')"_4,"62%>AB)90"4%$&(')>A+;+,"<=&(>A!B^f"Gi>A1@1/)+,"G&8')"_+,>@&8/)2J&8>@!B^-)1AJ&(&8"=9^>AB >@K!/)4," c P i bnD eŠ&(
>A1@1A/)+h&84(2J&8"Š&8')"j9)>ˆo"=4("BN&†2%+,-."=<=&8+Š%$•&8')"j<=!B)+,&(482%>@BN&8+i>A-.%+("9m!Bm<=/)4,?J2J&(/)4("=+P
@
<
?
7
?
d q \
4
<
! collision point
trajectory
r
γ
" #J%(')*' Y*' 0;506 K# 1 ; ; # 4L1N47:$;@?(0<M # 3=; ; 1 =Š0U;5447>35;
J0 # 1(0 F 0GAJM '
; =DA EA
%4$ J0233 # 1 % ;@?(0<47>35;
; =DA
7!
" "
< B^!4,9)"4Š&8ƒK!/)2%482%BN&(""G+(2J$d"GB2C?:>AKN2l&8>A%B„U&8')"G4,!DM%&>@+rB)%&2%1A1@‰E"=9p&8ƒ<T'0!+,"g?!"=1A:<>&8>A"=+Ši'0>A<T'
< %/)1A9<2%/)+,"F2`<!1@1A>@+(>A%BVi>&8'^2%B^%D)+,&82%<1@"%PQ*'I/)+&(')"_+(-2J<""!$#ŠJ$f+(2J$d"g?%"1A:<>&8>@"+Š>A+r4,"+h&84(>@<=&("9
&8&8')!+,"†?%"1A:<>&8>@"+UI$d!4i')>A<T'ƒ&(')"r4,!DM%&#>@+E2%D01A"i&8G+h&8!-ƒDM"=$d%4(">&E4,"C2%<T')"=+E&8'0"<1@!+("=+,&#%D)+,&82%<1@"
!BV&8')"k<!4,4("=+(-M!B)9)>@B)K`<=/)4,?J2J&(/)4("J&
P %t"7&r9)>@+,&‰7b K$' NEeE9)"=B)%&8"k&8')"k9)>@+,&T2JB)<"k&8F&8')"<1A%+("+h&r%D)+,&82%<1@"
!Bp&(')"G<=/)4,?J2J&(/)4("G90"=OB)"=9^DNH
&(')"g?!"=1A:<>&qHS"b K$' NEe7PŠQ*')>A+†9)>A+h&T2%B0<"G<2%BDM"g<%6-)/&8"9^D)2%+("=9^!B
&8'0"`!D)+h&T2%<=1A"1A>@B)"GO"1@99)"=+(<=4(>ADM"9>AB“&(')"-)4("7?>@!/)++("<7&8>@!B„P /)4,&(')"4,6%4("1A"=)
& K+( *-,/.m2%B00
9 N1( *-,/.
9)"=B)%&8"&(')"62 Ž >A62%1)&84(2%B)+,132J&(>A!B2J1.2JB)9s4(%&82J&8>@!B2%1M2%<=<"=1A"4(2J&8>@!B„U:4("=+(-M"<=&(>@?%"1@H%PQ5_"=B)+(/)4,"&8'2l&
&8'0";4(!DM%&i+,&82CH+i!Bs&(')"j<T')!+("=B
<=/)4,?J2J&(/)4("j9)/04(>AB0KD04("C2JŒJ2JK!"%U0&(')"k2%<<="1@"482l&8>A%B)2
+ K4( 3E2%B05
9 N( 3/)+,"9
$d!4*D)4,"C2%Œl2%K%"'2C?%"k&(6+,/0‡<"j&8')"j$d!1A1@‰i>AB)KG<=!B)+h&8482J>ABN&C7
P 8:6 9 J 8 PfzfHm2%+,+(/)>AB)K_&('2J&i&8')"k4(%D.%&
6; 9 ; & K4( 3CJ’6>@B„=b K4( *,/.='>8@? +6; AB:C e7P
2%1#2CH:+i<T')%+("+Š62 Ž >A62%1o2J<<"=1A"=482J&(>A!B)+#$d%4*D)4("2%Œl2%K!"%U)f"k<C2%BV+("7<
;
& !$#E%$5+82J$d";?%"1A:<>&8>@"+#>@+*9)"=OB0"92J+i$d%1A1A‰i+=P
D >@&('m&(')"+,"<=!B)+,>A9)"=482J&(>A!B)+#&(')"j+("7E
?
!$# GFtb $' EeIH4( 3
J
Ž
7
7K
N
K
J
6>@Btb=K4( *,.='
K
)1( *-,/.
P
N
N
eKJ
MLON i C9)>@+,&–b $' Ee P4( 3RQTS
K
P
"K
N
P K
b c PVU‰e
2%-)1A" RW‘%‰Š|YX[Z]\ €‹x†h€kŽ`‹|€5ˆ…|Nx k*|x7…7}ŽnE|€ …x„€7az|Q‰Š|z†Hx‰N…xN €7Ex„ %*xlaz(*„ …|_^rŽ‡‹|
` }X `  €C‰Š|5ˆ‰Š|€7|Q„Ž`€d‰ŠxlŽ %ŽnEx„I*|x7…7}ŽE|€U*„zŽ`‹|dƒ\}X ` € ‘%}*|€fŽ ‰8*„€%ŽnEx„*|x7…7}ŽnE|€ba!ˆx7€Q}
}Žn}* |<‰ŠxlŽ %ŽnE x„u‰Š|€7V `Ž €i‡„n ‰‘‹:Ž }qŽn‰Q„>c>Zd,…‹[ˆxl‡„Ža‡„`Ž‡‹:€iŽ †dx}Xz%‡wy|Q„€7Ex„(€5ˆ…|F…x‰2‰Š|Q}
€5ˆx„z€†5Ž x‚y…|Q‰7EŽ %‡ „v…7
‰ %Žn
‰Š|_ZRe x† …x„€7a z|Q‰Š`Ž ‹| €7}Ž %ŽnE x„ z|5ˆME…7Ž5|zF‡„fW‘%‰Š|TX[ZhgKa=~c>Z
i$‹|C€{,H |#* |x7…7}ŽnE |€*‡ „6`Ž ‹: €C€7}Ž %ŽE x„G‘%}* |Q„yw‚ ` ‡ w‚……||Q‰8%ŽE x„€x  K+( *-,/. J c&u…Qwbj€7|…k
*„z N1( *-,/. J s'& z| l‘ j€7|…ky*‰Š| ‰Š|5ˆ‰|€7|Q„5Ž |z ~{ƒs`Ž ‹| €‹(z|z *‰Š|s‡ „mW ‘%
‰Š|nX[Z]\oZ2i$‹|‚…7
‰2}
%Žn
‰Š|€nx„ †h‹:E …‹^`Ž ‹|‚‰Šx*~QxlŽi €‚„ xl[
Ž (~+|_=Ž xn€75Ž xˆ ~Q|dH x‰Š| ‰Š|…‹:‡ „:‘ *„ x*~Q€7EŽ …|Œ*‰Š|g‘%}* |Q„
~{ƒm‡Ž ‹| †h‹:}=Ž |‚*‰|[Z)py‹|Q„ …xwFˆ*‰‡ „:‘V‡Ž ‹: €Œ*‰Š| † }‡Ž ‹c`Ž ‹|nx*~Q€7EŽ …| ‡ „ |E,
 |z
}Ž ~Q|…xwy|€
…|*‰`Ž ‹%Ž†`Ž ‹|€7|6* |x7…7}ŽnE |€u*‰|Œ„ xl<
Ž €{,H |n~Q|…%( €7|6`Ž ‹|Qƒ †dxl?
z ‰Š|€7V Ž‡ „ …xN  €7E x„ † }‡Ž ‹
‡Ž ‹|Nx*~Q€7Ž …|€ x„`Ž ‹| ‰‘ ‹:9
Ž €7a z| x j‡Ž ‹| ‰x*~QxlqŽ Z
U C
? q_q
90 cm/sec
Safe velocities Vs
-90 deg/sec
90 deg/sec
"$#&%(')*' (' . ; : 0 70GA&4>= # ; # 023 %L# 7021 ;@?(03 # ;/ ; ; # 4L1NM(0 Z# =Š;502M # 1 "$#&% (6=0 )*' O‚+ >?
(
7
!
< B_!4,9)"4&(&T2%ŒJ"*>ABN&82%<<=!/)BN& &8')"E1A>A>@&("92%<<="1@"482l&8>A%B)+…" Ž "=4,&T2JD)1A"#DNH&8')"#%&(!4(+=U%&8')"E+(-2%<="*%$
< %B)+(>@9)"4,"9m?!"1@<=>@&(>A"+*>@+*4("=9)/)<"=9
&(F&(')" z*ƒ\„*w_E… † ‡„zx† i')>@<T'
<=!BN&T2%>@B)+*!B)1H`&(')";?!"1@<=>@&(>A"+
&8')2J&#<2%BsD."r4("C2J<T')"9si>@&(')>AB6&8')"B0" Ž &#&8>@6"†>ABN&8"=4,?J2%1P %t"=& uDM"r&8'0"r&8>@6"Š>ABN&8"=4,?J2%1M9)/)4,>AB)Kgi'0>A<T'
2%<=<"1@"4(2J&8>@!B)+ Kc
( 2%B)9 NW
( i>A1A1DM"`2J-)-)1A>@"92%B)91@"=&ƒ7b K TUN ejD."F&8')"6</)4,4("=BI&g?!"1@<=>@&qH%PVQ*'0"BS&8'0"
90H:B2%>A<i>@B)9)‰O
 ! r>@+*9)"=O)B)"9p2%+
N
!
b7K$' E
N e&H
J
K
XK
K
(
'
P 2K
K
(
P
] J)N
XN
(
P
'
N
(
N0P
] S
b c Pi e
Q*')"c90H:B2%>A<i>@B)9)‰>A+s<"=BN&8"4,"9W2%4(!/0B)9—&8')"c</04(4("=BN&V?%"1@<=>@&qH—2JB)9—&8')"c" Ž &("B)+,>A!B)+m%$>@&
9)"=-."=B)9’%B &(')"‹2%<<="1@"482l&8>A%B)+`&8')2J&m<C2%B DM"^" Ž "4h&8"9oP m 1A1r</)4h?%2l&8/)4,"+m!/0&(+(>A90"&8')"c90H:B2%>A<
i>AB09)‰ <2%B)B)%&kDM"_4("2%<T')"9ci>@&(')>AB&(')"FB)" Ž &j&8>@6"g>ABN&8"=4,?J2%1…2JB)9^&8'I/)+2%4("_B)J&j<!B)+,>A9)"=4("=9c$d%4
<%BI&(4(!1@1A>@B)Kg&8'0"k4,!DM%&CP
Ž
7
*z ƒ\„*w_E…<† ‡„zx† x*~ŽE%‡„ |zuHx‰[xl‰| ` *wFˆ`|,€7}Žn%ŽEx„‘%}*|Q„ ……||Q‰8%ŽnEx„€[x &X
…Qwbj€7|…kl*„z
z| ‘lj€7|…kl*„z‚Žn‡wy|‡„Ž5|Q‰ x  >ZhgX €7|…r€F€‹x†9„m‡„ W ‘%
‰Š|EX[Z X[Zni$‹|
ˆx7€7}ŽnEx„ x Ž‡‹|Nz*ƒ\„*_
w E…l† ‡„zx† 7€ Ž=|Qw u
€ 2‰Šxw  …7‰2‰Š|Q„Ž#*|x7…7}Ž ƒ x b\ …Qwbj€7|…€7Ža‰%‘‹:Ž
wyxlŽnExo
„ Z i$‹6
| Ž †dxvzlx ŽnŽ=|z *‰2‰Šx†h€ ˆlx ‡„ Žn‡:„ ‘Ž=p
x Ž‡‹| …x‰2„ |Q‰Š€ x Ž`‹|y‰Š|7… Ž *„:‘|uz|Q„ xlŽ5|`Ž‡‹|
wyx77€ Ž,| ` Ža‰|Qwy|N7… ‰ % Ž‰Š|k
€ Ž`‹% ŽU…*„ ~Q|‰Š|…‹|[z Z
2%-)1A"
"!
#
%$&#
'#
#
Q ')"+,";4("=+,&84,>A<7&8>A%B)+E>@6-M!+("=9`!B6&8')"+,-2%<="%$t?!"=1A:<>&8>A"=+f4,"+,/)1@&E>AB6&(')";2%4,"C2 !,i%$•2%9)>A+,+(>@D)1A"
*
?!"=1A:<>&8>A"=+ki>&8')>@B“&(')"ƒ90H:B2%>A<i>AB)90–jPpQ*')>A+g2%4("2p>A+>A+g90"=OB)"=9|2%+g&(')"ƒ>ABN&("4(+,"<7&8>A%BS%$*&8'0"
4("=+,&(4(>A<7&8"=9p2%4,"C2%+ !$,BJ !o# 2! ‰P
7
(
)
U &'&
d 4
<
! 90 cm/sec
Dynamic window Vd
aVV
Va
-90 deg/sec
90 deg/sec
"$#&%('
)*' )*' 1 7; K# =UP # 1M4QP
< 1
1
b /)4 2%-0-)4(N2J<T'/&8>A1@> "+5&(')"#$d!1@1A‰i>AB)KŠ&8')4,""*-)4,"=$d"=4("B0<"+&8;<T'0!+,"i2%!B)K&8'0"*6%&(>A!B9)>A4,"<7&8>A%B
2%B)9m?!"=1A:<>&qHƒ%$•&8')"j4,!D.J&CP
U!P <
A> +i2_"C2%+,/)4("j%$-)4(!K%4("+,+*&8‰#2J4(9)+i&8')"jK!!2%1„1A:<C2l&8>A%B„P &Š>A+*62 Ž >A62%1
>$•&(')"j4(!DM%&i‰?!"+Š9)>@4("<7&81H`&8‰E2%4(90+i&(')";&T2%4,K!"=&P
7
@
i P "4> >A+ &8')"i9)>@+,&82%B)<"i&8;&(')"†<=1A!+,"+h&f%D)+,&82%<1@"Š%B&(')"Š&(482 "=<=&(!4,H%P…Q*')"Š+(62%1A1@"4…&8'0"
9)>@+,&82%B)<";&(62JBV%D)+,&82%<1@"j&(')"j')>AK%')"4*>@+#&8')"j4(%D.%&+ +i9)"=+(>@4("&8–?%"k2%4(!/0B)9m>@&CP
k P 7! " >A+#&(')";$d!4,E2%4(9s?%"1A:<>&qHs%$•&8')"j4,!D.J&Š2%B)9m+(/)-0-.!4h&8+i$n2%+,&i‰?!"=6"=BI&(+P
D "#i>A1A1B)‰L90"+(<=4(>@D."*&8'0"+("*&(')4("="*-)4("7$d"4("=B)<"=+f>@B_6%4("#9)"7&T2%>@1)2%B0962J-)-)1@H&8')"= &(k%/)4…" Ž 2%-)1@"
+(>&8/2l&8>A%B„P
4 Q*')"p&82%4(K%"=&ƒ'0"C2%9)>@B)KS')"2%9)>@B)Kb"Ko' NEeF"C2%+,/)4("=+`&8'0"2%1@>AK!B)"BN&%$;&(')"4(%D.%&i>@&('L&8'0"
&T2J4(K!"7&
9)>@4("<7&8>@!B„P &*>@+EK!>?!"=BsDI
H U‰\ & Ui'0"4(">A+f&(')"j2%B)K%1A"ŠD."7&qE"="Bm&8')";4,!D.J&‚+E')"2%9)>AB0KF2%B)9ƒ&8'0"
&T2J4(K!"7&i-.!>@BN&bn+("=" >AK!/)4," c P e7P
>AB0<"&8'0>A+*9)>@4("<7&8>@!Bƒ<T'2%B0K!"+*i>@&('s&8')";9)>ˆo"=4("=BI&*?%"1@<=>@&8>@"+=
U G>A+E<!-)/0&("9s$d!4*2G-)4,"9)>@<=&("9
-M!+(>&8>A%BG%$M&8')"*4,!D.J&CPQ•j9)"=&("4,6>@B)"#&8')"*-04("90>A<=&("9-.%+(>@&(>A!BE"Š2%+,+(/)"*&8'2J&&8')"i4(%D.%&…6‰?!"=+
i>@&('&(')"i+("=1A"<7&8"=9`?!"=1A:<>@&qHG9)/)4(>@B)K;&8')"ŠB)" Ž &u&8>@6"*>@BN&8"4h?J2%1 P %42k4,"C2%1@>A+,&(>A<#"C2J+(/)4,""BN&EJ$o&8'0"
&T2J4(K!"7&E')"2%9)>@B)Kkf"r')2‰?%"†&(g<%B)+(>@9)"4&8')"Š90H:B2%>A<=+fJ$o&8'0"r4(J&T2J&(>A!B„P•Q*')"=4("=$d%4("%
U k>@+f<=!-)/0&8"=9
2J&j&8'0"6-M!+(>&8>@!B^i')>A<T'‹&8')"4(!DM%&;i>@1A1 4("2%<T'“i'0"BS" Ž "=4,&(>AB)KV`2 Ž >@`2J19)"=<"1@"4(2J&8>@!B2l$}&8"4j&8'0"
B)" Ž &i>@BN&8"4h?J2%1 P…Q*'0>A+#<=!B)+(>@9)"4(2J&8>@!Bs%$a&8'0"90H:B2%>A<=+EH:>A"1@9)+*2G+,6:%&8'ƒ&(/)4(B0>AB)Kg&(G&8')"&82%4(K%"=&*>@B
&8'0"kDM"')2‰?:>@!4*%$•&8')"j4(%D.%&*i'0"Bp>&i'2%+i<>@4(<=/)g?!"=BN&8"9p2%Bm!D)+h&T2%<=1A"%P
<
?
3
?
U C
U& U
? target
θ
predicted position
current position
"$#&%('
)*' *' 0;506 K # 1 ; ; # 4L1N47:$;@?(0
;
1 % &A 0
;54;@?(0; ; 6 % 0; '
90 cm/sec
-90 deg/sec
"$#&%('
)*' \'
Ž
; A
90 deg/sec
; # 4L1 47: ; (0<; 6 % 0; (0 M # 1 % :!476/; 0 70 &4 # ; # 023 # 1 ; 0<0 7KZ &0<3 # ;/ ; # 4L1 '
;
@?
;
?
;
@?
GA >=
@?
;
A
;
7
2%-)1A" W‘%‰Š|TX[Z
F€‹x†h€†Ž`‹| |7 %ŽEx„ xŠŽ`‹|rŽE*‰ ‘|7Žh‹|(z%‡„:‘Hx‰†Ž`‹| z% [|Q‰Š|Q„Ž*|x7…7}ŽnE|€
‡ „s‡Ž ‹|| ` *wFˆ`|,€7}Ž%ŽnEx„ z|5ˆME…7Ž5|zg‡„ W‘%‰Š|bX[ZhgKa=~cMa ‹:‘‹|Q‰* |€[*‰Š|Fz(*‰(|Q‰c k Zl|Q‰Š|
}Žk € €€7wy|z‹Ž‡‹%ŽŽ‡‹|VŽ *‰‘|7Žx7…%ŽnEx„€€m‡„2‰Šx„ŽNxsŽ`‹|n‰x*~QxlŽqZ i$‹|Q‰Š|Hx‰Š|s*|x7…7}ŽnE|€
ƒlE |z%‡ „:‘ €7aŽ ‰8%‘ ‹:‚
Ž wyxlŽnE x„ ‹%* |vw‚ ` ‡ w‚|7  %ŽE x„y†h‹: |^‡Ž ‹|„ …7ŽEx„ z|… ‡„ |€Hx‰
‹:‘ ‹|Q‰ ‰ŠxlEŽ %ŽE x„r* |x7…7}ŽE |€n~Q|…% €7|‡ „ ‡Ž ‹|€7| …€7|€c‡Ž ‹| ‰Šx*~QxlŽŽn ‰Q„€ *†A*ƒ2‰Šxw ‡Ž ‹|
EŽ *‰‘ |7Ž Z
I @M14DY9 QEc4AM37INa @M143Z= ;OdOF;]^DFI4E NEc4AM3W9 @B143P7>OFc43W9 = ;A)c4IQ9B7>= 3P38OF;58DR@MDd3%9<7AB3 :9 38@<@M;UW38AM;KJ 50;G[N7AB3]^DR@M1
DdEc4AM3 e +X0e ;A DFOdOFcN9:@BAC7@BDF;IQ7>O [4c4AM[Q;+9:3]H3_9:14;] @M143_38P7>OFcN7@MDd;I ;>= @B143_]^14;OF3 P83 OF; 50Dd@TS9B[N75037INa a4; I4;@
AM3W9:@BAMDF50@2Dd@^@B; @M143-a SIN7>GDY5)]^DdIQa ;]6e
"!
#
U& i
d 4
<
! 1
74 >
Q*')"i$d/)B)<7&8>A%B90>A+,&‰b7K$' NEe54,"-)4,"+,"BN&8+u&8')"i9)>@+,&T2JB)<"*&8;&(')"†<=1A!+,"+h&f%D)+,&82%<1@"*!B&(')"i<!4,4("=+(-M!B)9)>@B)K
</04,?J2J&8/04("%PQ*')"r9)"=&("4(>AB)2J&8>@!B`%$t&(')>A+E9)>A+h&T2%B)<=">A+f9)"+,<4,>ADM"9m>AB`&(')"DM"K!>@B)B)>@B)Kg%$"=<=&(>A!B c P k P
Q*')"k9)>A+h&T2%B0<";>A+i+,"=&i&82_132%4,K!";<%B)+,&82%BN&†>$B0%D)+,&82%<1@"k>@+*!Bs&8')"j<=/)4,?J2J&(/)4("JP
90 cm/sec
-90 deg/sec
"$#&%(')*' *'
Ž
; A
; # 4L1 47:;
@?.=DA ;
;
6 ; 1 = <:476/;@?
&4 = # ; # 23 # 1 ;@?
GA
7K Z A <3 # ;/ ; ; # 4L1 '
;
2%-)1A" i$‹| |7 %ŽEx„ x
Ž`‹|vz%€7ŽE*„ …|€ …xwFˆM:Ž5|z Hx‰
Ž`‹| x*~Q€7ŽE…| ‡„ |k,|zS‡„ W‘*}
‰Š|"X[Zhg<a=~c6€ z|5ˆME…7Ž5|zƒ‡„mW‘%‰Š| X[Z
=Z2„cŽ`‹|;‘%}*|Q„uˆ`xlŽ x„ |Œ…*„_/„z x† |7 ?%ŽnEx„€
Hx‰`
Ž ‹x7€7|n…7 ‰%Ž‰Š|€u†h‹:E…‹ |(zpŽ‡‹|y‰x*~QxlŽ†Ž=x
Ž‡‹| x*~Q€7Ž …|€nx„|}Ž‡€y‰‘‹:Ž<€7az|_ZQ„ S…7Ž
‡Ž ‹|€7|F*‰Š|Š`Ž ‹| …7 ‰ %Ž ‰Š|€†h‹:E …‹‚†dxl? z …%( €7|F‚…xN €7Ex„"Hx‰,‹:‘‹FŽa‰8*„€%ŽEx„*|x7…7}ŽnE|€
a †h‹:}5Ž |l*‰Š|lc>Z
@
90 deg/sec
7!
Q*')"i$d/)B)<7&8>A%BF?%"1@<=>@&qHob7K$' NEe>@+ /)+("=96&8k"=?J2%1@/2J&("#&8')"Š-)4(%K!4("=+(+%$o&(')"i4(!DM%&!BF&8'0"†<=!4(4,"+(-M!B)9:v
>AB0K6&84(2 "<7&8!4hH!P &>A+Š+(>A-)1HV2`-)4( "<=&(>A!Bp!Bp&8'0"g&84(2%B)+(1A2J&8>@!B2%1„?%"1@<=>@&qHK U„2%+†<C2%B^DM"g+,""Bc>@B
>@K!/)4(" c P q P
@
?
!
<
7
7
@
1
$ >'
< Bs!4,9)"4u&8gOB09ƒ&8')"Š?!"1@<=>@&qHFi')>@<T'm2%<T')>A"7?!"=+#&8')"†D."=+,&*DM"'2C?:>A%4E%$t&(')"4(%D.%&uf"r&84(2%9)"%ˆV&8'0"
&8'04(""j-)4,"=$d"=4("B0<"+
6b7K$' E
N e
J
b ‰P ')"C2J9)>AB)K)b7K$' E
N e
‰9)>@+,&‰b7K$' E
N e
P
C?!"=1A:<>&qH„b"K$' E
N e e
OP
b c Pk e
†"=4("fUU 2%B)9 Oc2%4,"j/)+("=9p&8FE"=>AK!'N&i&8'0"9)>ˆo"=4("=BI&Š<=!6-M!B)"=BN&8+P“+,6:%&(')"+*&8'0""7?%2J1A/2J&(>A!B
2%B)9|&8'0"4("=DNHyŒJ""=-)+6&(')"m4(!DM%&_$d4(% <T'):!+(>@B)K‹?%"1@<=>@&8>@"+_<=1A!+,"m&(cB)!Bvq2%9)>A+(+,>AD)1@"`?!"=1A:<>&8>A"=+P
-
U C
U&k
? 90 cm/sec
-90 deg/sec
"$#&%(')*' *'
; A
90 deg/sec
; # 4L1N47: ;
J4 = # ;
@?GA
;
:!476/;@?
B=
(6 ;/(6 23 # 1 ;
@?
;
7KZ A <3 # ;/ ; ; # 4L1 '
;
Q*')>@+†+,6:%&8'0>AB)KF4("=+(/)1&8+Š>ABp2%B
>@B)<4,"C2%+,"9+,>A9)"vq<=1A"C2J482%B)<=">@BV&(')"2%<=&(/2%1aD."='2C?:>A!4Š%$&(')"g4,!DM%&CP
Q*')"k<!gD)>AB)"=9m"=?J2%1A/)2J&8>@!Bs%$•&8')"j</04,?J2J&8/04("+i>@+Š90"-)>@<=&8"=9
>@B >AK!/04(" c P U & P
?
90 cm/sec
Dynamic window (0,40)
-90 deg/sec
"$#&%('
)*' _'
4 K > # 1 2M
; A
90 deg/sec
; # 4L1N47: ;
&4 # ; # 23
K 47; # 4L1 +
@?GA >=
;
;
1M M 1 ;7K# =dP # 1M(4QP # :;@? <6X47>47; # 3 # 1N35;56 7; #&% \? ;
= K
3 G=Q- '
†"=4("&(')"f">@K!'N&8+ŠE"=4("g+,"=&†&8 J S c U 0J & S c UM2%B)9 O J & S \0P*Q*')">AB0w/0"B)<="g%$ 90>@ˆ."4("=BN&
+("7&(&(>AB)K!+i!Bs&(')"jD."='2C?>@!4i%$•&8')"j4(%D.%&i>@+*9)>A+,</)+,+("=9p>AB“X zEQ q–] P
"<=&(>@?%"f$d/)B)<7&8>@!Bg>@+562 Ž >A> "9j‰?!"45&8')"f+82J$d"?!"=1A:<>@&(>A"=+5>@B&8'0"
BG!/)4•>A-)1@""BN&T2J&(>A!B;&(')"E!D
90H:B2%>A<i>AB)9)‰jPkQ*')>A+;>@+9)!B0"GDNH^9)>A+,<4,"=&8> 2J&(>A!Bp%$ !$,–P >AK!/04(" c PVU & '0>AK!')1@>AK!'N&(+2ƒ90H:B2%>A<
i>AB09)‰L>$&8')"*4,!D.J& >A+…>@B_2+,&(482%>@K!'N& %&8>@!BG%
$ & <=l+("<JP m / ! 3>@BI&(r&8'0>A+ 2%4,"C2;>A+-)1A%&,&8"=9
>AB >AK%/)4(" c P U U_bn2NeŠbnB)%&("†&('2J&u&8')"†<!1@!4(+u2%4,"r4("=+(<2%1A"=9 e7P 1/)"i&8k&8')"Š$n2%<=&f&8'2l&f&(')"†&82%4(K!"7&E-M!>@BI&
-
?
@
?
?
U&
d 4
<
! >A+g>AB{$d4(!BN&_J$†&(')"s4(!DM%&Uu+h&84(2%>AK!'N&_%&(>A!BS>@+_-)4("7$d"4,4("9oPSQ*'I/)+&(')"ƒ$n2%+h&8"+h&+,&84(2%>AK%'I&g?!"1@<=>@&qH
62 Ž >A> "=+E&8'0"k%D "<7&8>@?%";$d/)B)<=&(>A!B“bd`2%4,Œ%"=9
DNHs&8'0"k<=4(!+,+TeP
@
5"698
"$#&%(')*' H'U+<; ? >AK%/)4("
; A
; # 4L1 47:
KI;
&4>= # ; # 23/P # ;@? # 1 @; ? <M 1 ;7K # =dP # 1M(4SP
#JK# # 1 % ;@? U74 >_R G=Š; # : 1=Š; # 4L1 '
GA
;
5 :8
;
1M + >-];56 ; R G=Š;5476
@
c PVU UbdD e+(')‰i+ &8'0"Š4,!DM%&…i>@&(')>ABG&(')"i!D)+h&T2%<=1A"*1A>@B)"fO)"1A92%B09F&(')"*&84(2 "<7&8!4hHVbn9)J&(&8"=9
@
1A>@B)"‰e;<T')!+,"B|2%<=<!4,9)>AB0Kp&8V&8')"ƒ%D "<7&8>@?%"`$d/)B)<7&8>@!B„PVQ*')"ƒ9)>@4("<7&8>@!B“&(p&8')"&T2%4,K!"=&g1A:<C2J&(>A!Bc>@+
>AB09)>A<2J&8"=9VDNHƒ&(')"j+(!1@>A9s1@>AB)"JP
&Š+(')!/01A9VD."jB)%&(>A<="9m&8'2J&†2%1@1.&(')4("="<=!6-M!B)"=BN&8+Š%$ FU)&8'0"j&82%4(K%"=&Š')"C2J9)>AB)K0U0&8')"k<1@"C2%4(2%B)<="
2%B)9c&8'0"G?!"1@<=>@&qHc2J4("_B)"=<"+,+82%4hH!P`zfH^62 Ž >A> >@B)K+(!1@"1@H
&8')"F<=1A"C2J482%B)<="2%B)9^&8')"_?%"1A:<>&qH!Ut&8'0"
4(%D.%&•f!/)1A9g2%1@E2CH:+&84(2‰?%"1:>ABN&8Š$d4("="E+(-)2%<"#D0/0&&(')"4,"ff!/)1A9gD."fB)r>@B)<"=BI&(>@?%"f&8r6‰?!"u&8‰E2%4(9)+2
K!N2J1:1@<2J&8>@!B„PazfHk+,!1A"=1@Hj62 Ž >A> >@B)KE&(')"f&82%4(K!"7&'0"C2%9)>@B)K†&(')"E4,!DM%& I/)>@<TŒI1@H;f!/)1A9gK!"=&5+,&(!-)-M"9
DNH6&(')"†O)4(+,&#!D)+,&82%<1@"Š&('2J&ED)1A:<TŒI+E>@&(+fE2CH!U)/)B)2%D)1A"i&8g6‰?!"r2%4(%/)B)9ƒ>&CP zfH<=!GD)>@B)>AB)K2%1@1 &(')4("="
<%6-M!B)"=BI&(+U•&8')"F4(%D.%&k<=>A4(<=/)g?%"BN&8+<!1@1A>A+,>A!B0+;2%+j$n2%+,&2%+k>@&j<2%B/)B09)"4j&8')"<%B)+,&(482%>@BI&(+g2JB)9
-)4,"=$d"4,"B)<="+_1@>A+,&("92%D.‰?%"%U…i')>@1A"+,&8>@1A162%ŒI>AB)KV-)4(%K!4("=+(+g&(–E2%4,9)+G4("2%<T')>@B)K>@&(+K%N2%1 =P /)4h&8')"=4
9)>@+(</0+(+(>@!B|%$i>A-)1@""BN&T2J&(>A!B)2%19)"=&82%>A1@+G2%B)9{" Ž 2%6-01A"+G$d%4&8'0"s>A-.!4h&T2%B0<"`J$Š&(')"s90H:B2%>A<
i>AB09)‰ <C2JB
DM";$d!/)B)9m>AB“X zEQ q–] P
?
?
;
=
s
m $}&("4F'2C?:>AB)Kc>@BI&(4(:9)/)<="9~!/)4F-)/)4,"1@HS+("B0+(!4 vqD2%+,"9€"=&('):9|&(c4("C2J<=&8>?!"V<!1@1A>@+(>A%BS2C?!!>@92%B)<="
f"B)‰ 9)"+,<4(>@D."r!/)4#2J-)-)4(!2%<T'ƒ&8G>@BN&8"K%482J&(>AB)K6:9)"1 vqD2J+("96>AB0$d%4(62J&8>@!BF>ABN&8G+,/)<T'm2g4,"C2%<7&8>@?%"
&8"=<T')B)> :/0"%P m +†6"=BN&8>A%B)"9^2JD.‰?!"JU„+(/0<T'c2%B>ABN&("K!4(2J&8>@!Bp>@+†"=+(+("=BN&8>32J1$d!4Š+82J$d"GB)2‰?:>@KN2J&8>@!BV>@$ B)J&
2%1@1*!D)+,&82%<1@"+<C2%B~DM"
9)"7&8"=<=&8"=9€DNH|&8')"V4(!DM%&+ +F+("=B)+(%4(+P Q*')"VŒ%"7H~>A9)"2‹%$!/)4F6:9)"=1vqD)2%+("=9
@ 9B14;cNOF
a 3 4I ;@B3%a @B1N7>@ a c43b@B; @M143 OF; 587>OHIN7@Mc4AM3b;>=2@B1N37>[N[4AB;+75C1!V@B143 AB;"Q;@9T@MDdOFO G DFE1+@ZE30@9:@BcQ5$#KDFI
9B[Q3%50D Q5);N9:@M750OF3 58; I QEc4AC7@MDd;IN9
4
U &_c
9 H:B2%>A<mi>AB09)‰ 2%-)-)4,N2%<T' b t 1 D m e_>A+F&8')"
K!"B)"=482J&(>A!By%$/h?:>@4,&8/)2%13‹+("=B)+(!4`92J&T2U#9)"4,>@?%"9
0
$d4(% 262%-%$o&(')"†"=BN?>@4(!B06"=BI&E2%B)9&8')"Š-M!+(>&8>A%BJ$o&8'0"†4,!D.J&CPQ•g"=+,&(>A62J&8"*&8'0>A+-.%+(>@&(>A!B_f"
2%-)-01@HG%/)4 K!4(>@9vqD)2%+("=9_>A-)1A"=6"=BI&82J&8>@!BgJ!
$ p2J4(Œ%‰?_1@<2%1A> 2J&(>A!BoP $.&(')"*4(!DM%&ŒIB)"7€>@&(+ -.%+(>@&(>A!B
i>@&('S2%D0+(!1@/0&8"<"=4,&T2J>ABN&qH!U5>ABN&8"=K!482J&(>AB)KV62%-)+k>ABN&8
+("B0+(!4 vqD2%+,"9S<=!1A1@>A+,>A!B‹2C?!!>@92%B)<="6f!/)1@9DM"
+,&(482%>@K!'N&($d!4h#2J4(9„"
P p2%4(ŒJ‰?
1@<2%1A> 2J&(>A!BoU')‰f"=?%"4U.%$}&8"=Bp-)4,90/)<"=+2FG/)1@&(>vx6:92%1M9)>A+h&84,>AD)/0&(>A!B
‰?!"=4k&(')"6+,"=&%$f-.!+,+(>@D)1A"F1A:<C2l&8>A%B)+P_Q*')>@+4(2%>A+,"+;&8'0"6>@6-M!4,&82%BN& I/)"+h&8>@!B„U•')‰Y&8V+,H:BN&8')"=+(> "
&8'0" / ?>@4,&(/2%1 3s+,"B)+,!4k92J&T2m/)B)90"4j/)B)<="4,&82%>ABN&qHc>@B‹-M!+,>@&8>@!B„P b Bc&8')"F!B)"F'2JB)9„U•!B)"_#2JBI&(+k&(
>AB)>@6> "…&8'0"#4(>@+(Œj%$ <%1A1A>@9)>AB0Kii>&8'_2JBmbn>@BI?:>@+(>AD01A"‰e„!D0+,&T2J<1A"#2%B)9„U!%Bg&8')"f%&8'0"4…'2JB)9„U!!B0"E#2JBI&(+
&8F62 Ž >A> "†&8'0"k4,!DM%& ‚+*$d4(""=9)!VU)"=?%"BVi')"B
>@&i>A+*/0B)<"=4,&T2J>ABV2%+*&8_i')"=4("k>ABs&8')";f!4(1@9m>@&i>A+=P
< E / &
$#
%
%
'&
)(
1 @$ & / f +*
-,
/.
/ -0
1
&1
B &(')>A+
+("<7&8>@!B„UjE"S>@BN&84(:9)/)<="S2L-04(!D2JD)>A1@>A+,&(>A<^4,"-)4,"+("=BN&T2J&(>A!B %$2 ˆ|Q‰H|…7Ž ?:>A4h&8/2J1+,"B)+,!4
W
/,!/)BN&8"=943{2J&`2%B)K%1A"
4("=132J&(>@?%"V&(&8')"p4(!DM%&‚+<:!4(9)>@B2J&("p+,H:+h&8"VP %t"7&243 b65ne90"B)%&("p&8'0"
9)>@+,&T2JB)<"k&86&(')"gB0"C2%4,"+,&!D)+,&82%<1@"i')"=Bp&8'0"g4(%D.%+& +†-.%+(>@&(>A!Bbn>@8
B 7):v 9Iv F+,-2%<="‰e†>@+;5qP<23b65neŠ<2%B
DM"k<=!-)/0&8"=9
/0+(>AB0K62F62%-‹bn+,""g"<7&8>A%B i P s P U–e7
P =/)4h&8')"=4(!4("JU)1A"7?
& >@369)"=B)%&("2F482JB)9)! ?J2%4,>v
2%D)1@"*&8'2J&f9)"=1A+u2"C2J+(/)4,""BN&EJ$„+(/0<T'm2k?:>A4h&8/2%1+,"B)+,!4P !
$ 5a>@+K!>@?%"B„UI&8')"=B`&8'0"†-)4,!D2%D0>A1A>&qH
b >@3DCE2KHF5eE&('2J&i&8')>@+*+("=B)+(!4†4("7&8/)4,B)+Š2F?J2%1@/)G
B
" 2IH & >@+*B)!4,`2%1@1@H69)>A+h&84,>AD)/0&("9si>@&('
"C2JB
2l&
A
9)>@+,&T2JB)<J
" 243 $b 5ne7P…Q*')";+h&T2%B092%4(9`9)"=?:>32l&8>A%B`%$t&(')>A+f9)>A+h&84(>@D)/0&(>A!B9)"-M"B09)+*!B`&(')"2%<=</)4(2%<=H`%$t&8'0"
f!4(1@9V:9)"1t2JB)9V&(')"j9)>A+,<4,"=&8> 2J&(>A!BsJ$5&(')"j1A:<C2J&(>A!K
B 55%$5&(')"j4(!DM%&P
b >@3DCM2KHN5neE2%+(+,/)"+*ŒIB)‰i1A"=9)K!"%$a&(')"4(%D.%+& +E-.!+,>@&(>A!B„P…/)-)-M!+,";!B)">@+EK!>?!"Bm2D."=1A>A"7$
L
A
b Que*2%DM!/0&*>&8+#<=/)4(4,"BN&Š-.%+(>@&(>A!BoPQ*')"=B„U)&8')"j-)4,!D2%D0>A1A>&qH_&8'2l&*&8')";+,"B)+,!4i4("=&(/)4(B0+†2g?J2%1@/)J
" 2
ODP 5h6
>A+*K%>@?!"=B
DNH 6 P5Sb RUP TIeP
A
bB>@3VCW2:eXC
YFZ
A
bL>[3VCW2 HF5e
hb
ne
ODP 5 $Q\CW5
b6RP]TNe
>AK%/)4("R:PVU i bn2Neo2%B)9^=>@K!/)4,"RP U i bnD eo90"-)>@<=&t&qf†9)>ˆo"=4("=BI&a-M!+,>@&8>@!B-)4,!D2%D0>A1A>&qHŠ9)>A+h&84(>@D)/0&(>A!B)+
>AB&8')"rG/)+("=/) "BN?:>A4(%B)6"=BN& b B)"%U>AB`i'0>A<T'`&(')"4(%D.%&E9):"+EB0%&#ŒIB)‰’>@&8+u-M!+(>&8>A%B6f"1A1U02JB)9
!B)";i')"=4("k>@&*>@+*')>AK%')1@H`<"4h&T2%>@BV2%D.%/0&i>@&(+*-.!+,>@&(>A!B„P
=>AK%/)4(^
" RP U`_F9)"-0>A<=&(+Š&(')"j-)4(%D2%D)>@1A>@&qH`9)"B0+(>@&qHmJ$5&(')""C2J+(/)4,""BN&<>@3>ABm&8')"=+("j&qE6+(>&8/2lv
&8>@!B)+bd>A62%K!>AB0"k&(')"F4(!DM%&;DM">@B)Km!B^&8')"_1@"=$}&j+(>@9)"_%$u&8')"_-01A%&Te7P m +j<C2%BcDM"+,""=B“"2%+(>@1@H!U„i'0"B
&8'0"4,!D.J&r>@+Š/0B)<"=4,&T2J>AB2JD.!/&r>&8+i-.%+(>@&(>A!BoU >[36>A+Š+(-)4,"C2%9p–?%"4†`2%BNHm9)>ˆo"=4("=BI&†"C2%+,/)4("=6"=BI&(+
bn+,!1A>@9G1A>@B)"‰eP $ &(')"*4(!DM%& ŒIB)‰i+>@&(+-M!+(>&8>@!Bgf"1A1U%&8'0"*9)>A+h&84(>@D)/0&(>A!B%
$ >[3j>@+…<"=BI&("4,"962%4(!/0B)9F2
+(>@B)K!1@"Š90>A+,&82%B)<="Gbd92%+('0"9ƒ1@>AB)"Ce7P B6D.J&8'`<2%+("=+U')‰E"7?!"4=U0&8'0"†4,!D.J&E2J+(+(>@K!B)+uB)!Bv "=4(g1@>AŒJ"1A>@'):9
&8j" Ž &(4("=6"=1@H_+,')!4,&"C2J+(/)4,""BN&8+=U+,>AB)<=;
" 2%4(ŒJ–?G1A:<C2%1@> 2l&8>A%BgB)"7?!"4u" Ž <=1A/)9)"=+E2;-M!+(>&8>@!Bgi>@&('
2%D)+,!1A/&8";<"=4,&82%>ABN&qH!P
=
&
$#
1
a&
cb
ed
-0
af
b B)<"
E"')2‰?%"^K!"B0"482l&8"9€&(')"p90>A+,&(4(>@D)/0&8>@!B
b >@3IeF%$&(')"p?:>A4h&8/2%1Š+("=B)+(%4s2%<<=!4(90>AB)K&(&8'0"
B
</04(4("=BN&`DM"1@>A"=$†%$†&8')"V4(!DM%&Uuf"
')2‰?%"
&(“+,"1A"=<=&`2‹<="4h&T2%>@B~"C2J+(/)4,""BN&6&(“DM"V-)4(‰?:>A9)"=9~&(
A
U &_s
4
F <
Robot position
5"698
5 :8
!#"%$ '&b)( ) &+*-, /.)0 214356$ 7 ( 6$/6218)9: , , $/ (* #9 0;* 0=<= 9:>1 ,
$/621 #1 <?-* ,@0 3 1A$ /9 , #$= ( 6
/9 $ #1
?
;
'A ; =
A
= ; A
;
; A
?
?
;
A
?
;
?
?A
=
;
A
; A
@;
0.4
0.35
Certain position
0.3
P(d)
0.25
0.2
0.15
Uncertain position
0.1
0.05
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
distance d [cm]
%6@ BC D
< 1 ( $/ (FEG*-H JILK 0 #"
= ; A
3
;
69:$ M( 1 ( #9N
; A
&8'0"`<%1A1A>@+(>@!B‹2‰?%!>A9)2%B)<"JP m +h&84(2%>AK!'N&,$d!4,E2%4(9+("1@"<7&8>A%B+(<T'0""ƒE!/01A9DM"`&(p-)>@<TŒ2p90>A+,&82%B)<="
2%<=<!4,9)>AB)K&8G&8'0"9)>A+h&84,>AD)/0&(>A!B6%$!>@3P=O†B0$d%4,&8/0B2J&8"=1@H%U:&(')>A+Ef!/)1@9s4("=+(/)1&*>AB`$d4,"+I/)"=BI&(1@H`-)>A<TŒI>AB0K
&8:*1A%B)K*4("2%9)>AB0K!+t"+,-."=<>32J1A1@HŠi')"=Bk&(')"-.!+,>@&(>A!B"=+,&(>A62J&8>@!B>A+o/)B)<"=4,&82%>ABj+(/0<T'G2%+t>@G
B =>AK!/04(
" RP U`_0P
BV<!BN&84(2%+,&i&(F&(')>A+=U t 1
Dvm +("=1A"<7&8+i&8')" /h?:>@4,&8/)2%1 3G"C2J+(/)4,""BN&8+Š/)+(>@B)K2_<!B)+,"4h?%2l&8>@?%"4,/)1A" i$‹|j‰‡‰Žn?rwy|€7‰Š|Qwy|Q„ŽUx l‚€7|Q„€7x‰;€;Ž`‹| *‰‘|€7Ždz%€7Ž *„ …| )P 9€7…‹mŽ‡‹%Žd† }Ž‡‹ ˆ‰Šx*~(~ }Ž ƒ
2
nz%€7ŽE*„ …|RQTSMUWVYXZUmŽ‡‹*„ )P  € wy|€7‰|z\[
2
2
P
C
`2 Ž N2KH
A
bL>@3!] 2 e
H
^ /2143)@B1NAB3%9:14;OFa_DF9 9:38@ @M;'`4e aNaDdI 7OdO\;c4A^3/b [38AMDdG38I+@C98e
b6RPR%e
)
4
U&
†"=4("%Ut&(')"_-)4(%D2%D)>@1A>@&qHs&('2J&&(')"_+("=B)+(%4k4,"=&(/)4(B)+2%<=<!4,9)>AB0K`&8m>@&(+9)>@+,&84,>AD)/&8>A%Bp2ƒ?J2%1A/)"
132J4(K!"=4E&8'2JB 2>A+*K!>?!"BVDNH
-
A
]
bB>@3
:eXC
Y
2
bL>@3
A
}elS
b6RP s e
CE2
>AK%/)4("DRPVU Tcb2NeŠ2%B)9 =>@K!/)4,"DRP U c
T
bdD e†9)"=-)>A<7&&8'0"G" Ž 2%-)1A"9)>A+h&84,>AD)/0&(>A!B0+†%$
1A>@B)"+=P Q*')"j<!4,4("=+(-M!B)9)>@B)K?J2%1@/)"+ A bB>@3!] 2:e#2%4,"k-01A%&,&8"9V2%+i+,!1A>@9s1A>AB0"+P
=
1
1
0.9
0.8
m2%+r92%+('0"9
>@3
0.8
0.6
proability
proability
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0
5"500
698
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
5 500
: 8
distance [cm]
distance [cm]
5>AK)P-RPVU )
T P>@4,&8/)2%1o"C2%+,/)4("=6"=BN&;2)Pi>@$a&8'0"k-M!+,>@&8>@!Bs>A+*ŒIB)‰iBVi>@&8'“bn2NeE1A‰
<="4h&T2%>@BI&qH%P
=
2JB)9“bnD e#')>@K!'
Q ')"*?!"=4,&8>@<C2%101A>AB0"+…>@1A1A/0+,&84(2J&8"&8'0"*4("+,/)1@&(>AB)K;90>A+,&82%B)<="+ 2)P 2%<<=!4(9)>@B)K&8j!/04…+("=1A"<7&8>@!BF+(<T')"=6"JP
*
(†‰˜&8')"_B)2J&8/)4,"G%$&8'0>A+<=!B)+("=4,?J2J&(>@?!"_+,<T')""FD."=<!"+r<1A"2%4 _…?!"Bc&8'0!/)K!'^>@B&8')>@+r" Ž 2%-)1@"
&8'0"G6"2%B%$ &(')"G9)>@+,&(4(>AD0/0&8>@!B A Bb >@3Iei>A+ ~‘‰‘ |Q‰ >@$ &(')"G4,!D.J&>A+†/)B)<="4,&82%>AB2%D.%/0&;>@&(+r-M!+(>&8>@!B„U
&8'0>A+k/)B)<"=4,&82%>ABN&qH‹H>@"1@9)+k&(')"`+,"1@"<=&(>A!B“%$i2 €‹x‰75Ž |Q‰ 9)>A+h&T2%B0<[
" 2
Pk&8'2%B“>@$#&(')"`4,!DM%&k>A+k<"4h&T2%>@B
2%DM!/0&i>&8+*-M!+(>&8>A%B„P
zfH{<=!B)+("=4,?J2J&(>@?!"=1@H-)>A<TŒI>AB0Kc2+("B0+(!4_?J2%1A/0"`&8'2l&CU i>@&('~'0>AK!'S-04(!D2JD)>A1@>@&qH!U>A+_+('0!4,&("4G&8')2%B
&8'0"ƒ-)4( Ž >A>@&qHcJ$*&8')"6!D)+,&82%<1@"%U&(')"ƒ4,!D.J&G>A+k1A>@Œ%"=1@Hc&8^2C?%!>A9{2
<!1@1A>A+,>A!Bc"7?!"B|>@B“&8'0"`$n2%<"6%$
/)B)<="4h&T2%>@BI&qH%6
P (†J&8>A<="E&8')2J& !/)4…2%-)-)4,N2%<T'F-)4(‰?:>A90"+ 62 Ž >AG/) $d4,""90! /)B09)"4…&(')"*<!B0+,&84(2%>ABN&(+…%$
U”"4,4(!4r-)4(!D)2%D)>A1@>@&qH%
P †B)%&8'0"42J1@&8"=4(B2l&8>@?%"g+,<T')""%U„+,/)<T'‹2%+-)>@<TŒI>AB)K`&(')"G>AB)>@G/)”90>A+,&82%B)<="
2%!B)Kg&(')!+,"1A:<C2J&(>A!B0+ 5ti')!+,";1A>AŒJ"1@>A'):9>A+E2%DM–?%";2G<"=4,&82%>AB`&(')4("=+(')%1A9s>A
+ Ž K!/)2%482%BN&(""9ƒ&(
H:>A"=1A9s&8')"j+(2%6";-04(!D2JD)>A1@>A+,&(>A<†D.!/0B)9
>@Bƒ&8')"j1@>AŒ%"=1A>@'):9ƒ%$•$n2%>@1A/)4,"%P
&
$#
@-/ 0 !&
E*J*J&
-,
f
&: - *J& e1
-0
%t"=&/)+k4("<=!B)+,>A9)"=4k&(')"6"#"02%6-01A"F+(>&8/2J&(>A!Bc/)+,"9S>@BS:"<=&(>A!B P 0P >@K!/)4," PVU “bn2Ne9)"-)>@<=&(+&8'0"
-M!+(>&8>A%B%$&8')"_4,!DM%&j2%B)9 >@K!/)4," P U ^bnD er4,"-)4,"+,"BN&8+j&8')"_<=!4(4,"+,-.!B09)>AB)Km!D0+,&T2J<1A"_1@>AB)"kO"1@9
R
=
R
R
]_
K=
@R
`R
>AB0<1A/09)>AB)K_DM%&('V4,"C2%1ubdK!4("7H0ei2JB)9s?>@4,&(/2%1bdD)132%<TŒe#+("=B)+(%4†"C2%+,/)4("=6"=BN&8+bn<JP‚$ PRP$!eP
Q*')"G"7?%2J1A/2J&(>A!BV%$…&(')"G<=/)4,?J2J&(/)4("=+>ABV&8')>@+†+,>@&8/)2J&8>@!Bp>@+†K!>?!"=B>AB =>AK!/04(" RPVU&%0P D ')"B^<=!Fv
-2%4,>AB)KŠ&8')>@+5OK%/)4("Ei>&8' =5>AK!/)4,"
" R:VP U & &8')"#>@B0w/)"=B)<"E%$&8')"f?>@4,&(/2%1I6"2%+(/04(""BN&(+ D."=<!"+5<1A"2%4 zfH9)"7&8"<7&8>@B)Kg&8')2J&f&(')"r%D)+,&82%<1@"†&8k&8')"†4(>@K!'N&E%$o&8')"†4(!DM%&f>A+u<1A%+("4u&8'2JB`>AB09)>A<2J&8"=9`DNH6&(')"r4,"C2%1
U&\
4
F <
57698
%6@ * 0 ( $/6218%$
;
?
5":8
9/ , #$ #1 -* ,70 #9/9 ( 721)>1 , ( $
& (/ 9 & 1$ ( C=
;
;
@; =DAEA
>1
,F
GA
A1 ) 1
=DA
9/$ ; A
90 cm/sec
-90 deg/sec
%6 ; A
$/621A$
;
90 deg/sec
?GA
=
6$/ ( 3
?
1 21 ( 9:1 69/$ M&
=
; A
;
( 9 & 1D$ ( +("=B)+(%4#6"2%+(/04(""BN&(+U&(')"2J4("C2k%$t/)B0+82J$d"<=/)4,?J2J&(/)4("=+#>A+uG/)<T'`132%4,K!"4 &8')2%BƒDNH`<=!B)+,>A9)"=4(>AB0K&8'0"
4("2%1t"C2%+,/)4("=6"=BI&(+i!B)1@H^bn<JP‚$ P RP U & eP
Q*')"g"7?J2%1A/2l&8>A%Bs%$&(')"<=/)4,?J2J&(/)4("=+r>@BV&(')"9HB)2%6>@<i>AB)90– >A+i-)1AJ&(&8"=9
>@B =5>AK!/)4,"^RP U bn2Ne7P
1A"2%+("fB)%&8"u&8'2l&5&(')"E<=!1A!4,+•2%4("f4("+,<C2%1@"9g&(r>@1A1A/0+,&84(2J&8"…&(')"E90>@ˆ."4("=BN&…"=?J2%1@/2J&(>A!B)+a>@B&8'0"E90H:B2%>A<
i>AB09)‰jP r+G<2%B{DM"`+("="B|')"=4("%U2
`2 ,%4$d482J<=&8>@!BJ$*&8')"`?%"1@<=>@&8>@"+2%4("6B)%&G2%9)>A+(+,>AD)1@"`2JB)9
2%<=<!4,9)>AB)KŠ&8r&(')"E<=1A!+,"E!D0+,&T2J<1A"&8†&8')"f4(>AK%'I&5%$&(')"E4,!D.J&CUJ&(')"E<=/)4,?J2J&(/)4("ui')>A<T'_4,"+,/)1@&(+>AB`2":v
>A62%1N9)"=<"=1A"4(2J&8>@!BG2JB)9G62 ">A62%1!4(J&T2J&(>A!Bj&8r&(')"E1@"=$}&•>A+5-)4("7$d"4,4("9sbn+("="#<4,!+(+>AD
B =5>AK!/)4,
" RVP U b2!e(e7P
Q*')"k4("=+(/)1&8>AB0KG&8482 ,"<=&(!4,Hƒ>A+*9)"=-)>A<7&8"9
>A
B =>@K!/)4,^
" RVP U bdD e7P
1A"C2J+("kB)%&8>@<";&8')2J&ii>@&8'0!/0&Š<!B0+(>A90"4(>@B)K_&8')"j?:>A4h&8/2%1t+,"B)+,!4i&8')"k4(!DM%&if!/)1A9V'2C?!"k<T')!+,"B
&8_‰?!";!Bm2G+h&84(2%>AK!'N&#&(482 ,"=<=&(!4,H^bn+("=G
" =>AK%/)4(c
" RVP U>UbnD e,eui')>A<T'sf!/)1@9s<"4h&T2%>@B)1@H6'2C?!";4,"+,/)1@&("9
>ABV2_<%1A1A>@+(>@!B`i>@&('s&8')"j!D)+h&T2%<=1A"JP
U &
5"698
%6
D * 0
$/6218
; A
;
1 &
$#
;
$#
f
&
*J&
6$/ ( 3 6 $ 1 $ 1 & 3 1\3 #1 *-,@0 $ 9 $ #9
& >1 $ , $/ 1 /$ 621
GA
; f
5":8
=
?
?
?
G=
=
;
;
;
G=
=
1 - !4E4,"C2%<7&8>?!";<%1A1A>@+(>@!B`2C?%!>A92JB)<";2G+,<C2%Bm%$t&(')"?:>A4h&8/2%1M+("=B)+(%4Š')2%+E&8_DM"K!"=B)"4(2J&8"=9s$d4("+I/)"=BN&81@H
bn"JP K0P & "C2%+,/)4("=6"=BN&8+Š"=?!"=4,H R & <= %$…4,!DM%&Š6%&(>A!Be7P Bp!/04Š>@6-01A""BN&82J&8>@!Bƒ%$ 1 D ˜f"
'2C?!"`6:9)>@O)"9“&(')"ƒD2J+(>A<6<:9)"6&(p$d/)1O1A1 &8'0>A+j&T2%+,Œ“"7‡6<=>A"=BI&(1@H“"B)%/)K!'„P
Q*')"ƒ!+,&g>A-.!4h&T2%BN&
9)>O<C2l&8>A%B<%B)<"=4(B)+G&(')"s<!-)/0&82J&8>@!BS%$i&(')"ƒ9)"=B)+(>&qH{%$Š2"C2%+,/)4("=6"=BI& >@3 6>AB)+h&8"2%9{%$
>ABN&("K!4(2J&8>@B)K`‰?!"=4 1A:<C2J&(>A!B)<
+ 5>A
B 6 PSb R:]P TIeUo!B01@H
2ƒ+(/)D0+("=&jJ$E2J1A1•-.!+,+(>@D)1A"1A:<C2J&(>A!B)+Š>A+†<!B:v
+(>@9)"4,"9„UoB2%"1@Hm&(')!+("Gi>&8'-04(!D2JD)>A1@>@&qHV2%DM‰?!"F26&(')4("=+(')!1@9„P;Q*')"G&(')4("=+(')!1@9^>A+†+("=&j+,/)<T'^&8'2l&
&8'0"+("g<"1@1A+Š>AB
6!+h&r<2%+("=+4("=-)4("=+("=BI&j!4,"k&('2%B %$ &8')"-.%+(>@&(>A!BV-)4,!D2%D)>@1A>&8>A"=+P/)4†+(>@Fv
-)1@>@O<2J&8>@!B`>@+E+(%6"7i'2J& ,/)+h&8>O"9sDNH`&(')"!D0+("4h?J2J&8>@!Bƒ&8'2l&#>AB`-)482%<7&8>@<"%U ODP 5•>@+E/)+,/2%1@1@H :/0>A<TŒI1@H
<"=BN&8"4,"9
!Bp2_+,`2%1@1„BI/)GDM"4*%$'NH-M%&(')"+,"+2JB)9V2%-)-)4, ">@`2J&("1H "4("=?%"4hH:i'0"4("g"1A+,"%P
=
+ ƒ
!"$#
z 2%+,"9%B
&8'0"90H:B2J6>@<ki>@B)9)‰ 2%-)-04(N2%<T'V&86<!1@1A>A+,>A!Bm2C?%!>A92JB)<"JU.9)>ˆo"=4("=BI& + D z $ Uk4(!DM%&(+
#
'2C?!";DM""=Bs!-M"482l&8"9`+82J$d"=1@H>AB`?J2%4,>A!/0+f"=BI?:>@4(!B)"BN&(+*–?%"4E&(')"1A2%+,&u$d!/)4uH!"C2J4(+PQ*')"r`2 ">@G/)
?!"=1A:<>&qH6J$a+(/)<T's4,!D.J&8+E>@+E<=!B)+,&(482%>@B)"96&8_2%-0-)4(& ">A62J&8"=1@H Rj< J+("=<%PQ*')>@+f?!"=1A:<>&qH6>@+E/)+,/2%1@1@H
4("2%<T')"=9p>ABV132J4(K!"%-."=B)>AB)K%+†2JB)9
')2%1A1#2CH:+U>$B)!D)+h&T2%<=1A"=+ŠD01A:<TŒ`&8')"j4,!D.J& ‚+iE2CH!P $…!D)+h&T2%<=1A"=+
D)1@<TŒs>&8+*#2CH%Uo+(1@‰E"=4†?!"=1A:<>&8>A"=+Š2%4("k+("=1A"<7&8"=9„Uo2JB)9p<=!1A1@>A+(>@!B)+i2%4,"g2C?%!>A9)"=9pDNHV+("=1A"<7&8>@B)Kƒ2%-0-)4(Jv
-)4,>32J&("6&84(2 ,"<7&8!4,>A"=+P =!4g#" ")2J6-)1@"%U&(')"s4(%D.%&&qH:-)>A<2%1A1H“90"<"=1A"=482J&("+G&82%-)-)4, ">@`2J&("1H $ & <
-M"4Š+("<=!B)9pi'0"B‰?>@B)KF&8')4,!/)K!'
9)%4(+P B
&8'0>A+Š+("<7&8>@!B„UE"ki>A1@1tK!>@?%"#" "0-M"4,>A"BN&T2J1•4,"+,/)1@&(+
%$a!/04f'NH:D)4(>@9m2%-)-)4,N2%<T'„Pu:""FX =…zEQ –] $d%4E!4("Š" "-M"4(>@6"=BN&8+#>@1A1A/0+,&84(2J&8>@B)K&8'0"-."=4,$d!4,`2JB)<"Š%$
&8'0"k-0/)4("=1@Hs+,"B)+,!4hvxD2%+("=9p<=!6-M!B)"=BN&†J$ 1 D P
UU&
:
f
*
b
O -,
(
4
F <
@
f
Q ')"iO4(+h&u" "-."=4(>@6"=BI&u9)"=6%B)+,&(482J&("+ &8')"Š>ABw/)"B0<"i%$M&8')"Š90H:B2%>A<#i>@B)9)‰€!BF&8'0"ŠDM"')2‰?:>@!4 %$
*
&8'0"g4(%D.%&P E!B)+,>A9)"=4†&8'0"g+(>&8/2l&8>A%B
K!>?!"=Bp>AB =>AK%/)4("VRP U‰\`2JB)9p+,/)-)-M!+("g&('2J&Š&8')"4(!DM%&†>A+Š>AB
2
$n2%+h&†+h&84(2%>AK!'N&i%&8>@!Bƒi')>@1A"&8'0"k&82%4(K!"7&i-.%>ABN&i>A+i>ABs&(')"j+(62%1A1„%-."=B)>AB)K_&(6>&8+*4(>@K!'N&CP DN?>@!/)+,1@H!U
&8'0"Š%-0&8>@`2%1I&T2J4(K!"7&9)>A4,"<=&(>A!B_>@6-01A>A"=+…2r&(/)4(BF&8;&8'0"*4(>AK%'I&P…zE/&>AK!B)%4(>AB0Kr&8'2l&>@&8+…$d%4(<"=+u2%4("*B)J&
')>@K!'“"=B)!/)K%'“&8V-M"4,$d%4( &8'0"6B)"=<"=+(+82J4,H“+('2%4,-“&(/)4(B„U•&8')"4(%D.%&k<=!/)1A9‹<%1A1A>@9)"gi>&8'“&(')"4(>AK%'I&
E2%1A1P…Q*')"k90H:B2%>A<i>AB09)‰ 2%-)-04(N2%<T'V>A+*"=+(-M"<=>32%1@1@H69)"+,>AK!B)"=9V&(6')2%B)9)1@";+(/)<T'
+(>@&(/2J&(>A!B)+=P
1m
robot
right wall
target
%6
;
& ;( 6$ $/2183 6$ 9/ , #$ 1 ( $ 9 #6 $ & #$/621M
A
?
;
;
?
Q ')"i&8')4,""Š-2J&8'0+f>@B[=5>AK!/)4," RP U 2%4("i" "02%-)1@"+ $d!4 &8')"*&qH:-)>@<C2%1DM"'2C?:>A%4uJ$.&(')"†4,!DM%&/)B)9)"=4
*
9)>ˆo"=4("BN&k90H:B2%>A<=+j<!B)+h&84(2%>ABN&8+=PFQ*')"6<=4(/)<=>32%1-.!>@BN&j%$E&(')"F" "-."=4(>@6"=BI&k>@+&8')"F-2J&('‹&82%Œ%"=B>@B
&8'0"92J4(Œs+(')2%9)"9
 7 %P B
&(')>A+Š2%4,"C2_&8')"4(!DM%&i9)"7&8"<7&8+r&(')"k!-."=B)>AB0K&(6>&8+i4(>@K!'N&r2JB)9
'2%+ &(9)"=<>@9)"Ši'0"=&8'0"4&8k-."=4,$d!4, &8')"Š+(')2%4(-F&8/)4,B&(k&(')"Š4(>AK%'I&%4uB0%&CP…Q*'0>A+9)"<=>A+,>A!BF+,&(4(!B0K!1@H
9)"=-."=B)9)+k!B^&8')"F90H:B2%>A<=+;%$&8')"F4,!D.J&CPB)1H>@$&(')"2%<=&(/2%1?%"1A:<>&qH%
$ T & <=J+,"<2%B)9c&8'0"
-M!+(+,>AD)1@";2%<<="1@"482l&8>A%B)+kSb R & <=l+("< k U % & 9)"=K J+("=< k e#2%1@1A‰ 2_+('2%4,-s&8/)4,BV&(G&8')"j4(>@K!'N&CU:&8')"j4(%D.%&
9)>@4("<7&81Hp‰?!"+;&(m&(')"G&T2J4(K!"7&;-.%>ABN&CPQ*')>A+&(482 ,"=<=&8%4,H^>@+4("=-)4("=+("BN&("9DNH&(')"_92%+,')"9“1A>@B)"%P B
&8'0"G%&8'0"4&qfs<C2%+,"+;&8')"g4(!DM%&90"<>@9)"+&(s-2%+,+&8')"_!-M"B0>AB)Ks2JB)9^6‰?%"+;-2%4(2%1A1@"1t&8ƒ&(')"gE2%1A1
/)BN&8>@1o&8'0"k"7?J2%1A/2l&8>A%Bs%$5&(')";&T2%4,K!"=&i'0"C2%9)>@B)K62%B)K!1@"!"b Ko' NEefD."=<!"+*?%"4,Hm+,`2J1A1 P
(†%&(>A<="m&('2J&_i>&8')!/&6<=!B)+,>A9)"=4(>AB0Kc&(')"m90H:B2%>A<=+<=!B)+h&8482J>ABN&8+=U#2%By2J&(&("-0&_&8c&8/04(B~4(>AK%'I&
f!/)1A9k'2C?!"f2%1@6!+h&t<"=4,&82%>AB)1H;4("=+(/)1&8"=9>@B2i<%1A1A>@+(>@!Bri>@&('k2iE2%1A1P Bk$n2%<7&CUl>ABj>AB0>@&8>A2%1l" "-."=4(>@6"=BI&(+
i>@&('p2F+(>@G/)1A2J&8!4=U0>@BVi')>@<T'Vf"g>@K!B)!4,"9m+(%6"j%$5&8')"k90H:B2%>A<=+Š"7ˆo"=<=&(+U E"k" "-M"4(>@"B)<="9p&(')"+,"
&qH:-."j<=!1A1@>A+(>@!B)+u$d4(+" I/)"=BN&81@H%P
:
d
0
0Jf
n E
0
W0
< - 4("=1A>@6>@B2%4,HV?!"=4(+,>A!B“%$ 1 D E2%+k&("+h&8"9“" ":&8"=B)+(>?!"=1@H‹>ABc&8')" 1"=/0&8+,<T')"+ V/)+("=/) zE!B)B„P
)
02J$d"B2C?:>AKN2l&8>A%BcE2%+%$#/0&(6%+,&k>A-.%4,&T2JB)<"JU•+,>AB)<=" +E- ( >A+j+,&(4(!B0K2%B)9“')"C2C?IH‹"B)%/)K!'“&(
92%62%K!"j#" "0'0>AD)>&8+U +,!6"k%$5i')>A<T'')2‰?%"G2%B
" ":&84,""1Hm')>AK!'m?J2%1A/0"%P B
!4(9)"=4Š&(`K!/)2%482%BN&(""j&8')>@+
U U>U
70 cm/sec - 50 cm/sec2 , 60 deg/sec2
40 cm/sec - 50 cm/sec2 , 60 deg/sec2
1m
40 cm/sec - 20 cm/sec2 , 30 deg/sec2
Decision area
%6@ & ;
$ )( %$
A ?
';
?
9/ , #$
= ?
( 1 356$ ) 9 1D$ 1 & ( 21 ( $ 9 #1$ ( ?
;
=
=
;
8+ 2l$d"=&qH!UN&(')"i4(!DM%&!B)1Hg%-."=482J&("9>@$M>@&(+ -.!+,>@&(>A!BgE2%+uŒIB)‰iB6/)B0> I/)"1HVbd&(')>A+5#2%+&8'0"*<C2%+,"†9)/04(>AB0K
&8'0"Vi')%1A"V" "-."=4(>@6"=BI&Te7P—Q*'I/)+=U#E"
-2%482J6"7&8"4,> "9 1 D +,“&8')2J&`>&F#2%+6"+I/)>?%2J1A"BN&&8“2
&8"=<T')B)> :/0"ki')>@<T'
%B)1@H`<!B)+,>A9)"=4(+i&8')"j!+,&i1@>AŒJ"1@H6-M!+(>&8>A%B„P
"=?%"4(2%1t$n2%<=&(!4(+i<%BI&(4(>@D)/0&8"=9V&(_&8')"j9)>‡6<=/)1@&qHƒ%$+(2J$d"jB2C?:>AKN2J&(>A!Bs>@Bƒ&8')"jG/0+("/0 U!P
Q '0"r?:>A4,&(/2%1 62%-6+,"B)+,!4EE2%+E"#":&84("=6"=1@H>A-M!4,&82%BN&D."=<C2%/)+,"r?J2%4hv
*
>@!/)+#!D0+,&T2J<1A"=+Ef"4("jD2J+(>A<2%1A1H0/,>ABN?:>A+,>AD)1@"3k&8G&8'0";4(!DM%&CU:9)"=+(-)>&8"&8'0"$n2%<=&#&('2J&*%/)4#4(%D.%&
2%-0-)1A>@"9ƒ$d!/)4i9)>ˆo"=4("=BI&i+,"B)+,!4Š+,H:+,&("+Š$d!4*%D)+,&82%<1@"k90"=&8"=<=&(>A!B“bn<JP‚$ P R:VP U–eP
-
$P
0P
_
%
7 "
!
[
*
" "
E2%1AŒI>@B)KF+(-M""9oP
(
!
[
*
"
Q•6DM" h/ >ABN&8"=4("+h&8>@B)K>3F&8`-M"%-)1A"JU)&8')"4(!DM%&Š'2%9m&86B2C?>@KN2J&("2l&
%a2%4(K!"k<4,‰i9)+†J$}&8"B
D)1A:<TŒ%"=9pG/0<T'p%$5&8')"j$d4("="+,-2%<"JUM2%B)9
&(')"=H
% $}&("BV<T'2%1@1A"B0K!"9s&8'0"k4,!DM%&i>ABs?J2%4(>@!/)+#E2CH+=P -M"482l&8>AB0K%B
2F-)4,"7vq-0132%B)B0"9„U+h&T2J&(>A<;-2J&('
E2%+B)%& $d"2%+(>@D)1A"JP B)+h&8"2%9„UI&8')"*4,!D.J& '2%9_&8j<=!BN&8>ABI/)%/)+(1H_2%+,+("+,+u&(')"*+(>&8/2l&8>A%BF2%B)9F-)132JB
>&8+*%&8>@!Bs2%<=<!4,9)>AB)K%1@H!P
)P
[ * !@>7 "! BG+,!"fB2J4(4(‰{-)2%+(+(2%K!"+5&8')"f4(!DM%&•'2%9g&(r<=1A!+,"1@Hk2J-)-)4(!2%<T'
>@BI?:>@+(>AD01A"j!D)+h&T2%<=1A"+=P +(-M"<=>32%1@1@Hm>ABV&8')"=+("F2%4,"C2%+=U„2%<=</)4(2J&8"g"+,&(>A62J&8>@!BV%$…&8'0"G4(!DM%&+ +†-.Jv
+,>@&8>@!BƒE2%+i>A-.!4h&T2%BN&#$d%4 1 D &(2%1A1@– &(')"j4(!DM%&*&8F‰?!";&8')4,!/)K!'V+(/0<T'p-2%+,+82%K%"+‰P
T
†?%!>A90>AB)Kj<%1A1A>@+(>@!B)+E2%+u<1A"2%4(1HG!4("*90>@‡</)1&
8& '2JB`>AB2%BNHF%$M&8'0"Š?J2%4,>A!/)+ J‡6<="†"=BN?>@4(!B06"=BI&(+
>ABsi')>@<T'
%/)4*+(%$}&qE2%4,"kE2%+i-)4("7?:>A!/)+,1@Hs90"=?!"=1A!-M"9p2%B)9s&8"=+,&("9„P
1/)4(>@B)K2V&8%&82%1%$?T '0!/)4(+ki>@&(')>AB“+(> "“92CH:+G%$i4,!DM%&gB)2‰?:>@KN2J&8>@!B„U 1 D -)4,‰?!"9S&(DM"
')>@K!')1@Hp4("=1A>32JD)1A"JUt2%B)9c#2J+<=1A"C2J4(1@H"+(+,"BN&8>A2%1 $d!4&8'0"6+,/)<<="+(+%$E&(')""BN&8>@4("F+,H:+,&("VP -.%4,&T2JBI&
2%+,-."=<=&8+k%$f&8')"-)4( ,"<=&k4,"KN2%4,9)>AB0K
<=!1A1@>A+(>@!B^2C?!%>A92%B0<"2%4("+(/0662%4(> "=9‹>@BcQ2%D01A[
" RP U B“&8'0"
+(> "S9)2‰H:+GJ$Š&(')"ƒG/0+("/0 &(!/)4hvxK!/)>@9)"`-)4, ,"<7& +E- ( ”&84(2C?!"1@"9{!4("&8'2JB U‰\0P %pŒI
P D '0"B
^3W9Bc4Od@M9^[38AB@M7DdINDdI4E 75850cNAM7>@B3)Od; 5W7>OFDdU%7@BDF;I_7>AM369:c4GG 7>AMDFU83WaDFI 3%5 @MDd;I Ne
U U$
4
F <
!/)4(+%$!-M"4(2J&8>!B
(Š/)GDM"4%$•?>@+(>&!4,+
] $ &&'&
Z;>A1!"=&8"=4(+E&(482C?!"=1A"=9
U‰\0P %
p20
" >@`2J1o+(-M""=9%$•&84(2C?!"1
]W\ & < J+("=<
Š?!"4(2%K!"k+(-M""=9
9)/04(>AB0K%&(>!B
%0P %
( /)GDM"4%$5<!1@1A>A+,>!B0+
Š
%
( /)GDM"4%$54("+I /)"=+,&(+
Š
$ &&
"4(<="BN&T2JK!"
%$5<%6-)1@"=&("9m4(": /0"+,&(+
P
P U j
Œ7 HsOK!/)4 +*$d4 &8'G
/0+/ &!/04hvqK%/)>A9;-04 =<=&CP
-
T
_
FT
Q52%D„PR
R
&8'V4!D%&_#2J+6BJ& "-)132J>AB)>@B)Kc2%B "')>AD0>@&CU>&‰?=9L2l&`2JBy2C?482JK
+,-9%$c_ %0P%^<J+<JP
4 ‰i
9 =9S+(>&8/2l&8> %B)+U„&('2‰?4(2%KF?1<=>@&qHE2%+%$}&=B“1‰=4+*'– =?4=U 2J&;&8>=+&8'4%D%&
B‹<
–?9^2l&r+,- 9)!
+ J$ & < l+ "
< !4Š')>AK!
' 4i#$ !4$#":& B0
9 9c9)/)4(2J&8> !B)
+ %$…&(>%P %%4&('2%B $:U &'&&
?:>A+,>@& %4(+ 4 K!/)>@
9 9‹DNH +E- ( GP +E- ( $d/)1@O)1A1 =9 $UU T &'& & !/04;4 +I
/ =+,&(+gDNHc4 2%12%B)9^?:>A4h&8/2%1
?:>A+,>@& %4(&
+ %$•&8
' G/0+ / P
Q*
' *+(/0<< =+(+ vq482l& %$ S R '%$&(')>A+5-)4 <=&<=1 2%4(1Hj
9 !B)+h&8482l& +…&(
' #4 1A>A2%D)>@1A>@&q(
H %$ 1 D gP
1/)4,>AB)Kƒ&(
' BN&8>@4 F-)4 <=&Ut&8
' F4 %D%&j
B =? =4< !1A1@>A
9 =9i>@&('“2JBI)
H %$f&(
' _?:>A+(>& !4,+P D F< !/)BN& 9
2p& J&T2%
1 %$i+(> "S< !1A1@>A+,> !B)+;i>&8*
' "')>@D)>@&(+g>@B&8
' +g/)+ =
/ U2J1A
1 %$*i')>A<T'S 4 +6>@
B !4g2%B)9S
B %B
%$…i'0>A<T'<2%/)+ =9c2%BNHp9)2 `2JK %P /0$
& %$…&8
' !+G+,> "
< %1A1A>@+(> !B)+
U !B)1@,
H %BE2%+9)>@4 =<=&81Hm4 =132J& 9
&
1 D -4 2%B /,>ABN?:>A+,>AD)1 3-!D)+h&T2%<=1 j#2J+2%-)-04 &"> 62J& =1@
H $ & < <=1 !+4i&8'2%.
B !/)4Š1 :<C2J1A> 2J&8> !B
&=<T')B)> :
/ ;2%B)9&8'I/)+ 1 D '2%9ƒ
9 =& =4 >A
B =9„U:<C2%/)+,>AB)Kk&8
' †4 !D%&& k&!/0<T'ƒ&8
' 7&T2%1 -)1A2J&(#$ %4
%$/%B#"0'0>AD)>&CP Q*')4 )%&(
' 4< !1@1A>@+(> %B)+G
 =4 <2%/)+ 9—DNH~'2%4(9#2%4 -)4 !D)1 6+pbn+,/)<T' 2%+1 ‰
D2J&,& =4,HS
- ‰=4TeP{Q*
' s4 `2%>@B)>AB0Kp&q
 c<!1A1@>A+(> !B)+j
 =4 V<C2%/0+ 9~DNHSw 2Ci+_>AB{&(
' s'2%B)9:vq<4(2J$}& =9
62%-„U0i')>@<T'
>@B)>@&(>32%1@1@H_1A2%<TŒ =9p+ /=+(+ BN&8>A2%01 !D)+,&82%<1 ;>AB0#$ %462J&8> !B„P
:
21 E / = - ,
&
%
%
'&
b
|Œ7Hk2%+(-<7&J$ D {>A+a>&8+a2%D)>@1A>&qHŠ&†KB=482J&?:>@4,&8/)2%1!+=B)+%454C2%9)>@B)K!+0=?B>@$I&8'u4%D%&„9=+
B%&•ŒIB‰{i'= 4u>@&a>A+fbd<%P[$ P :PVU$jbn2Net2%B)96 Pb P Ie,e7P•QŠ>A1@1A/)+h&8482l&&('f>6-!4h&T2%B)<3%$)<!B)+,>A9=4(>AB0K
&8'
BN&(>A4k
D 1A>= $ …>AB)+h&2%9%$ ,/)+,&r26+,>AB)K!1+,&(>62J&JU"-)>A4,>A<C2J1A1@H6<6-2J49 D ˜&
2%Bc2%-0-)4N2J<T'i')>A<T'4!B01@HV<!B0+(>A9 4(+&('65 7Ž  87 4%D%&r-%+(>@&(>!BSb2%4,K6
2"
,b
ne(eŠ&
K= B 4(2J&
?:>A4,&(/2%1!+ B)+!4•4C 2J9)>AB)K%+P•Q*')>A+52%-)-)4N2%<T'k<C2%BkDu &('!/)K!'N&9:02%+a&8' 1%K!>A<2%1%<!/)BN&= 4(-2%4h&
: D >Š: &8'm
1:<C2J1A> 2J&8>!B<-!B BN&>A+_B%&-)4!D2%D0>A1A>@+,&(>A<ƒ2JB)9 ,/0+,&`
2J>ABN&T2%>@B)+_2c+(>@B)K!1
+h&8>`
2J&% P
/)4#" -= 4(> BN&(+>AB09)>A<2J& &8')2J& D ‚ +>ABN& K!4(2J&8>!Bj>A+a+82;:#= 45i'= Bg&8'f
4!DJ&5>@+5B%&•< 4h&T2%>@B
2%D!/0&Š>@&(+i1:<C2J&(>!B„P >@K!/)4 :P $ & +('–i+r26
2%-.: 2F'2%1@1@E2CHs>AB.!/)4Š/)B)>? 4,+(>&qHmD)/)>A1@9)>AB0KF2%1!B0K
1
R
SR
UT
ODP 5
1
1
=
1
Z
R
O
P 5 $Q
C
5
UU
_
i>@&('y-!+,>@&8>!B{-)4!D2%D)>@1A>&8>=+P B|&8')>@+ "02-)1s&8'V4!D%&+,&T2J4,&=9~i>&8'~<-)1=&m>@K!B!4(2%B)<
2%
D !/0&u>@&(++,&T2J4,&8>@B)Kj
- %+(>@&(> !B2%B09`9)/i&j&8'†+hH=&84hH-:.&8'Š<!4,4(>@9!4…&8'†4!DJ&f')2%+fB%&uDB
2%D)1 & F/)B)> I
/ 1Hs
9 =& 4 6>@
B ;>@&(+*1 :<C2J&(> !B„P
Invisible obstacle
a
b
Z & , 6 )( ( $ $/621 1
;
=
;
#9/9: #9N
!B,>A9=4(>(/2
(>!BG=B†4!D>(4(/)1HF2
†1<2
8>!BG132JD=19":n2J<>AB0Kk4,>AKD
2(>AK%B(1A>@K81H0>AK=4)4%D2%D)>@1A>qH1:<C2
(>!Br132%D19:n2%<=>AB)K: P -4!u2%90?J2%BT2JK3:
1 D > !DN?> D 0> "62 "> #$@>A;Π%A> 9`2 )4 N2%&< m< !B'(>A
9 4#"0<(,>@?%@H):<C2
(>!B
;
 BcK =
B 4(
2 8>@B)
K g?:>A*4 2 +=
B %4;4 C2J9)>AB)K U 1 D ,T2%;Π%;
D -B 8>A2 +:<C
2 (> !BŠ>AB 2%<=< )B U .")>A<TŒI>AB0/
K i< %B=4,?J
2 8>? j?:>A4 2 0
B !4i4 2%9)>AB0K)P
1
maximum likelihood
probability
0.8
0.6
µ DWA
0.4
0.2
0
0
( $ 9 , $/621 EG*-H GI K 0
3
100
200
300
400
500
distance d [cm]
69/$ M( 1 ( #9 )( >1 )9/ , , ( $/ 1D$ #9 $/621 *1 23 0 #9
$ & ( $ . R7 ( 6$/621821 #
?
;
; A
A
GA
Q4%U#<!B(>5%6/ 8
= 7@K6
R P $UV(6
;
A
=
;
A
bL>[3\C 2:e#7/%5 :#69;:<76>=%?6
7?7?@)#7?:<77A"A'&=
B%C7?-#B66756=&
P -$(6C#5>=%5D7?E‰ A bB>@3 C 2:e
(?C=F:(6=@%5
G:%6+=
<BF=
7?' bH=
7? 1 D ;eU
 %6F=!75I7?‰!57*67A'7?
A>=%56?(7@Œ(J%*7)=
?J%PKL=M6%<U (= "7#N7@Π%7 <5/=6=B&6
 7
:O=%PJ-@%?(6=
/=3?@)6F=
57?@‹b#)="Q6=?@#7?Q7RBF=
‰I
e =K7?57BF=
%5SAJ-#:(67BF=
7?%U
(6F=
1 D ’7T@%?(6=
I=C6F=57?@M>=
U6V:%?R6A
:W6XB75'7?@)P = 6 1 D (66U6A>=
=7@?;(=? $ Y6A>=A77ZJ//B66(B(<BF=
7?„P
A
UU
T
%6 # $
;
%$
?
4
F <
9/ , #$ ?
87@6 :P $ $-‰=Q>=
=%Œ(? AJ 6AC7?@ 6#J<A675 =6=B& SB77?
=F:75>=?B%P @=7?oU /6A
 =
E' =B%5 7?QB66756r7';Œ.?‰7?@ 7PI*&=6*7?'@ Jv
7P7 ?„PjQ #&=
6@VI<BF=
7?':#6 D Y(6-%7P(6/?Q967@.(6!?S9 : R75-:!
B6675 6=PSQ ;6 %=5 %
6 =FJ ? 7B3>=
9;6A/??J B(B%:WJ B(76B(C:%?(5 6%=7?:<77A .A=B% Sb}O> %5 e#A'5 ?B %6=7?ZJ 7? 7 77 ? 7= =F: 75 (5 J V67BI 7P7 ?+:7&
A=B% /)=,6 Œ(5 AJ E? ?vxO (5 6 (B(&=
?@ JP
=
R
1
number of considered positions
1.4
1.2
time [sec]
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
20
40
60
14000
1
12000
0.98
10000
0.96
probability
1.6
8000
6000
0.94
0.92
4000
2000
0.9
0
0.88
698
80 100 120 140 160 180 57
200
time [sec]]
0
20
40
60
:8
80 100 120 140 160 180 5"
200
time [sec]]
0
20
40
60
80 100 120 140 160 180 5 200 8
time [sec]]
#B * 0 C & 9 > 69 8$ R 1 9 $ ( #1A%$ 9/$ M( 1 ( #9 *-,@0 1 )&, 9 7 ( 6$/621 (
21 ( 9 #1 * N0 ()&R& 8)9: , , $ R 21 ( 9 A7 ( 6$/621 ( ;
=
;
<=
;
= ;
;
?
A
;
; A
=
87@6 P $ —bH=Ne_vVbOBCe7*6=
;76=?3=(B(+:6 7‡B%7(?;7(?.=
7? :
D 5'67?@-'7
#"(67%?PpQ+#"'%67%?C%Œ4=
A $ &'& (B?5'/=?5 "Iv = "7
7?S GO>@6 %E6 (6 ( %?M #7 :W6 9A (@7??'7?+
@ : #"(67%?P 87@'6 P$ cbH=!e
5(7BVK M7 M? (B (=
6J- 3B #=BF=
?S7?B(57?@ '& 6 %=57?@(
;: E:76>=+%?'6=P
: (?47?Q 9A %@7??7?@ =R #6 AR7!
#"6 (JQ'?B (6&=
7?D=A 'I7PR 77 ?„U =3BF=
?4B%=?
AMB '' (5 7? %=?7!U P 9 %B ?5= P K EB (6=7?ZJ;7?; M 7P7 ? @6 ‰ 7 !:#6
5V %6 7?7?'@C=B%=?3A %B ( = *!? %@ %BV&=A' gbO (!>=
? & P UK %B%8 e7PQ7L7L5 E :O=BV
=
E
 /?PJ/B ?75 (6 <BF= 7 ? „7P36 A>=A'77PZJ=A : I=CB %6=7?6 % 5 :#6UB 7?'@
K:<76>=T (? 6=B%B 65'7?@C 6 Ptb :P IeP ?)7 " (67 (?.L 6 % `
5 U= ( U v P
Q
?< #A (6 ;:B ?'75 %6 (53 <BF= 7 ?7! %5)7? 7@6 P $ `bWA e7PUB%=?)A (? %6 %U.7
?. #A %6"5 %B(6 %= (I= E6 A" 5>=
%"7 7P7 ?,%7 =
7 ?;=?5 .7TB Œ.J;B ?: (6@ (K =
?. #A %$
6 : (">=?<U &'& <BF=
7 ?= P 87@6 P$ bO‰B e5 %'7B( C %5 6 A>=A77Z6
J : B ?75 %6 %5D <BF=
7 ?' P I 5 A #? %5S>=
/
V: %?D @Q 9?. #A %!
6 :! % B%=
7 ?
5 (B%6 %= ( U (5#6 A>=A77PZ
J :> 7P7 ?8B ?: (6@ (L=
+ %U P & = : %68 %8=?
& (B ?'5 P
=
R
F_
1
=
@R
_
R
5
SR
]T
'R
I=
?=
T
R
_
<R
F_
); UU
`R
<
)
!
? 7B&>='%6 "5(B%67A%5=I.J<A675=6=B&/B77?9=F:75>=?B .BF=
(5 D %'7B&
/
7?%@6=
("A %?6K5>= &==?5 5>=
&=-:W6 ='6(:<7PJ '7%5.)=
7?./B77?;=F:75v
=?B ;Œ;(J 75F= :9'6U(B&?7 .7U9@(?%6=
R:<76= %?66F=
57?@ A>=%5,? = )=
: (?.:<76 ?%? #7P7?%;:C6A6%=
7P:E =-7((7)= %5 7?@6'6
7 %?&=
7 ?:+7P7?)6A>=A77PZJ@675' R:<76= F=6(?=6I@%?(6=
%5;
7?'@=B ?' %6*:
=
7P: E6 j'7B&
(?'6 %>=
M6 A=G: 75'"B 77 ?f
7 7@ A7 Œ;%7 5
(: %? 7 :7P95 %9? GŒ<? – 7C 7P7 ?
= (5 ? 5J?= 7B 7?'5
='6 =
B& D 57 (6 :W6 6 (:<7 ' %B&?'7 . %"7? >=
7
1
1
7 5 U B?75%6
:6A"=?'5
"=F:75B77?' 7-7?:<77AA'&=
B%( (V:%?D7 :8#6A7"?B%6=7?Q=A'K7P
77?
7=6=B&DBCA7?( K9
A( :A 65 7I6F =BV=5. >=
( J ;?#'" % BV( 5 A
=B%% OB& =.
=? A'M7E= =F:75B77? 7P ?5V % BV&=A'A*&=B(% <BF= 7?=6 .? ? )
6% =5( 6
=GJD?7B/
>=
MAJ @% ?( 6=
7?@ :<76>=!( ?6
F =6
% ? 6='6=B& 37?.% @6=
7?@<5% ZA>=
% 5 7?:#6
=
7?;7?6% =B(7:M
B77? =F:75
=?B
B%=?)A
=7% 5/ " 7*7?@M'6( J/( ?6 ZA=( 5 =6=B&( LCB77?9=F:75>=?B
'B& = @ = % * ?*
7 % D X
>=EA% ? ( ( 5 #" % ?7:% J 7?
'& *
U'*0
:
=675( ?( JD=
( 5 ( ?.:<76?% ? W7?B(57?@;=,#
( +7? 7B&4= =6@
?.C
A( 6
:A*&=B(% # " 7A'7 UB'5;?"AE
5( ( B(% 5 7P E
6A ( ?6
7L% B&'?7 . /
=FJ=G:I
7@?7 BF=?L7
>=B( ?6W: '6K
ZBU6AU=7BF= 7? =A77PZJMC7?% @6=
= ZA=( 57?:#6
=
7?#7?EB77?/=F:75>=
?B V :% ?)7: "
6A7!?
B( 6=7? =A'"7=
B(=<BF=
7? 6( 5B( K:E
A65% ? +. 7 6A 7P % ?
7=PJ97@ ZBU( ?6 6#" =;
7? #?@7?@ 3 " % 67( ?7?@#5=
&=#6% B65( 5 7?3
% >=F::#'?5V :<75( ?B >= @675 A>=( 5 C% B&'?7 . "
#
5% B%67A% 5
7?
A% ?-=AR
96=
B )
6A
<BF=
7? A>=
% 5 % PJ6?;
* % ? '5;>=F:E
?>=6#% ?6 U=?'5 . 5 A3
B%7( ?-:#6
5% A>=% 5 B77?4=G:75=?B B& =
>?5'7?@3@@( K":#F =7A77ZJ6:7?'&=
7?@/6A=
!?'J;#
?=6R( ?6 W7?*F =
5):
-#
B&46 #" ( ?7P:/
=% 6R% ?6 K7?4( ?.:<76?% ?=RB Q
" =?5S?'6B(6( 5 =
'78( B%7 >B #
% JA'675#=6=B&( RB77?M=G:75=?B 7B&96F =
B(R( ?66F =5
7?'@UA=#B?75% 6 <5% :!( ?.:<76?% ? '>=F:I
?6( B( 7:( 5,#
B&;=
% ?7?37?)
7P( 6=
6 $ V :( 6 9
A% 7V :C
>=
/
=?J( ?:76?( ?.I6< '769
B&DJA'675 ='6=
B&% : 7B&; !( 'B&% % 7B% 6*&=7?J ?
9
B%'66( ?=6=B&D= % 6I7
7=
7? 7B&4
=7?J;=
67"W: 6 #
?% 54;:=?
=B(B%6=
V 67B3
= ?M! >=67B( =6 " ( 67( ?.6% 6% 5M% 6 )
=
U=+B?'6B(% 5
=?.>=PJ '7?'@"F =67?@I&= ?!6AL=7BF= 7?'B&3=?=6=B&7 *7 >=A
AJDO: =B(=
M)
7?==
7?QB O7 =B+. 767?@-=.)
=
I=6
=B>=6( 54 "!#
&
$
%
'
(
)
*
+
,.-0/
1
2/
R
2/
23/
546
1
7
9
"!
!#
'
8
;:
=<
>
=
?
8
BC
J-0"=
-
A!
-
4K
ED
GFH
&
)
E
@
ML
7F
@I
;:
<
N
"!
<
B
-
@
I-
O
K
1
)
c
M
)M
%
=<
P H =
Q!
UU%
4
F <
5>=FJ Z5>=FJ,%6=
7?>= B* $ V:(6 07? (?.:<76?%? B&S=
67:
=
E( >
?%5+:#6 = (67B(=67@ )= ;R7U57 B(L9='J(V<535(B%67A%5;(6 %B%?
6( %=6B&%
?,)=;=
B+.777? 6 A2* ?*% '6G:<75(= U=FJ3=B<'76R)=
=' ?J
(: B 6 (
<5 :#6)=
9=B+.77P7?
5(?JE A'&=
B%(8=
BF=
?#AU5(%B(%5
AJS 6 A E (? 6 D '7 # 6 F=
7 #6 .76 %?
:#66%=B(7:B77?S=F:75>=?B
6 7A'78 :T7 B ?' 7?@" (? 6 Z7? %66 V&=
7 ?# %B&?'7 . %'B&)=8B #"C:<7>=
B %? C7? (66 (&= 7 ? >B&Q %B&?'7 . %BF=?-A M=7 (5 76 G: 6.
5 <5(+7%
? 65 (6
7?B(5 "A'&=
B% (K? K5 V (B(&=
A MA.J C6 "7 7PZJ (? 6!
: C6 A 5577 ?=PJ37
= F=
6U #A$:#F=7A < V: %6 > =A % "%7P (6U?5 ( (B(=A /A=B% % 6 (: %+
? :#6A'755 (?
=6 F=AJD567P:<7?@3 /6 A =?.>=J = ?@ A ?'5>=6)
J :U7P (@= (6=
7 ?==B ? =?J#5 )=
7? %6 "' :W6 ?
D 79B&)=?/='6 =B& D 59A =
7BF=A' V: (?)7=;7? :#6)= 7 ?)7'?>=F:=
7 =
A C
-
&
- =L
,
G=
1
a
4
+
E
:
#
+
;
)
/
3
M!
1
O
! " # $%&
('*) +-, #/.10(2434576890:,
<;:=?>B%B9@A=B=DCE>GFHFPJ(IJ@(6?CE;6?K =#:
=67L@9MZJN;OC857 P@(6B@(?QMRM=S= Q= TKU;A7LFH@K6?;AV;SMW=7KX>Y=?M"6B@9F7 =
AGFJUCE>GF GFHF0=
?5
BA;Z; 657?>=[MWU
@ 5'7 J%@ 6B(@ ?\M <7?5G=/;OCJ=?>AYM=S= Q=1F7 S@U?=G:<7@=OM7L;? OK)=?'7HIG>GF=OM7L;? =?5]IV@%6BA@9IYM7L;? 1^-=
?.J
=B(@ 6:<7B9S@ 6B; AV;SMB=_@AKUIGFL; Ja`GbLcd` eFH@9fS@AFhgA;di\MBjB;dFk=?lZ=?MB@AKU= R`GbHgm`ng9;di\MWjB;SF 7gA;Z;dj?oGbHiqp[MW@ RpOiGonK:;SiGb
MW;SjhMB`G@A=?@r=B>YsYMmpS= Q=toG>Gj?bHiGcU@vuw@Ag9>YMWbL;dixMB;_@AiY=B>Gj?@yMW`Y@rjB;SsJ;SM z=h;dIV@AjBpOMWbL;diqpSF{@ P@9g9MBbLfd@9iG@A=?= }|hbHF S~G
€pOMm  { YV‚ €ƒ „ …^x†k‚Y\‡ ‰ˆ‹ŠŒiMB`GbH=7gm`GpSIYMW@9jhŽ@€CE;wg9>G=R;diMB`G@…pS=BIV@AgvM;OCMB`G@€bHi\MW@9cdjWp[‘
MWbL;di$;OCkFL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;di4bLi\MW;=?>Ggm`”jB;dsV;SMXg9;di\MWj?;dF=DlZ=?MW@9K:=9ˆ•ŠŒi%MW`GbL=rjB@9=BIV@AgvM“–1IqpS=?=BbLfS@(pSIGIGj?;\pSgm`G@9=
MW;UIV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si@9=?MBbHK:pOMWbL;di(`qp“fd@yMB`G@ S@9l˜pSowfSpOiQMWpScd@€MW`qp[MkMB`G@9l(oG;:iG;SMkbHi\MW@9j?CE@9jB@€ŽRbLMW`(MW`Y@yj?;dsJ;OM }=
K:pSbHiMWpS= Q=r=?>Ggm`%pO=y@OˆzcGˆ™; :g9@:oY@AFHb—fd@9j?ldˆUš7`G@9jB@9CE;SjB@S–bHi\MW@9cdjWp[MWbH;Si›;OCœIqpO=B=Bb—fd@:FH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;SixbHi\MB;
jB;SsJ;SM‹g9;di\MWjB;SFqbH=1=?MBjWpSbLcd`\MBCE;djDŽpSj?o{ˆ/žkg9MWb—fd@hFH;Zg“pSFLbH’ApOMWbL;di{–[;diUMB`G@h;SMW`G@9j1`qpSiGo{–Zg“pOi:sV@kKr>Ggm`_KU;djB@
@ Ug9bH@Ai\MrpOMŸMW`Y@:g9;d=?M…;SCœIJ;d=?=BbLsGFLlxbHi\MW@9j?CE@Aj?bHiGcNŽRb—MW`4MW`G@UjB;SsJ;SM z=€IGj?bHK:pSj?lMmpO= Q=Aˆ:š7`Z>Y=A–MB`G@ bHiw‘
MW@9cdjWp[MWbH;SiN;SC/pOg9MWb—fd@…pSIGIYjB;\pSgm`Y@A=RbHi\MW; j?;dsJ;OMRgA;di\MWj?;dF™=?lZ=DMW@AKU=RsJ@9gA;dKU@A=hpSibHKUIV;dj?MWpSi\M7pS=?IJ@9g9Mh;SC
KU;dsGbHFL@j?;dsJ;OMRFH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;Si{ˆ
ŠŒi›MB`GbH=Ÿgm`GpSIYMW@9j…Ž@]ŽRbHFLF„bHi\MBjB;ZoG>GgA@];S>Gj…pSIGIGj?;\pSgm`•MW;(bHi\MW@9cdjWp[MWbHiYc¡FH;Zg“pSFLbH’ApOMWbL;dixbLiQMB;N=B>Ggm`$p
gA;SiQMBjB;dF\=DlZ=?MW@9K˜ˆŠŒiy;SjBoG@9j-MB;kKUbHiYbHKUbH’A@-MW`Y@bLiQMB@AjDCE@AjB@9iGgA@‹sV@9MŒŽ@A@AiyMW`G@1jB;SsJ;SM z=™IYjBbHK:pSjDlMmpO= Q=„pOiGo
pSgvMWbLfS@ FH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;Si{–VŽ@ ;diGF—l`qpSiYo;*fd@9j…MB`G@ gA;di\MBjB;dF/MB;(MB`G@UpSg9MBbLfS@Ug9;dKUIJ;diY@Ai\M…bLC1MW`G@ j?;dsJ;OM }=
IV;d=Bb—MWbH;SibL=(FH;d=DM9¢£ˆ¥¤tMB`G@AjDŽRbH=?@S–tMW`Y@j?;dsJ;OM˜IV@AjDCE;djBKU=(bLMB=(MWpS= Q=xpSiGo¦MB`G@›IJ;d=?bLMBbH;dinbL=(MBjWpSg O@Ao
IqpS=?=Bb—fd@AF—ldˆ€š7`G@]j?@AK:pSbHiGoY@Aj;OCMW`GbL=tgm`qpSIYMB@AjŸbL=;dj?c\pSiGbL’A@Ao•pO=CE;dFHFL;*ŽR=AˆtžhC§MW@AjoGbH=?gA>G=?=BbHiYcNjB@AFHpOMW@9o
Ž;dj T–Ž@:ŽRbLFHFcdb—fd@Up˜sYjBbH@vC;*fd@9j?fZbH@vŽ¨;SC7†hƒkŠ©|¤ z=y=B;SC§MŒŽœpSjB@_pSjBgm`YbLMW@9g9MB>GjB@UbHi$‚w@AgvMWbL;di%ªYˆz«¬‰=B@9@
@Sˆ}cGˆ-­®šR¯¯°{S±Yq¯7²³/°Pd±SsY´{CE;Sj7oG@9MWpSbHFL@AoNoG@9=BgAj?bHIYMBbH;diY=7;SCMB`G@…pSjBgm`YbLMW@9g9MB>GjB@“µvˆ1š7`G@€bHi\MW@9cdjWp[MWbH;Si¡;SC
FH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;di_bLi\MW;]jB;SsJ;SMRg9;di\MWj?;dF™bH=RpSoYoGjB@9=B=B@9obHi‚Z@Ag9MBbH;di˜ªYˆ}~]CE;dFHFL;¶Ž@Ao(s\l(p]oGbL=BgA>Y=B=BbL;di{ˆ
·Œ¸§¹…º9»¶¼½D»¶¼¾¼À¿D¹AÁ„ÂzÝĶÅÆ¿DÝ¿D¹AÁeÇmÁ¾Âƺv¹yȉ»[½eÉyÇRȉÂzÁ¾»OÇmÁ¾Âƺv¹…ÂÆȄÊ*¿©ÁÀ¿?½©Á¾¿?ʅÂ}ËVÁ¾É¶¿Ä¶¼¾º9Ì[Ç£Ì[ÂzÅÆÂ}ÁEÍtºvËqÁ¾É¶¿ÎvÅƺvÌ[ÇvÅZÃ7ÇmÏ*ÂÆË»¶Ã
РȾ¿D¿‹Ñ*¿?½ŒÁÀÂzº9¹tÒ¶Ó Ô[Ó ÕAÖV˗ǣÅÆÅÆÈ{ÌS¿DÅƺm×(ÁÀɶ¿/Á¾É¶¼À¿?Ⱦɶº9ÅÆÊkº£ËqØ¶Ó Ù¶Ó
=
&
&
&
=&
1
?
&
,?
=<
:
Q/
#
-
1
54
&
&
;:
L
)L
:
&
:
&
;:
&
&
E:
&
±
!#"$%'&(')*,+-.$
(' 2436587y693Ÿ2 : 0U.<;
^˜;d=DM¡@£uYbL=?MBbHiGcpSIGIGj?;\pSgm`G@9=_MW;IJ;S=BbLMBbH;di”@9=?MWbLK_p[MWbH;Si pSj?@˜IGpS=B=?bLfd@Oˆ ƒh@AiGg9@S–MB`G@xbLiQMB@AcdjBpOMWbL;di”;SC
pSgvMWbLfS@œFL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;ditbLi\MW;hjB;dsV;SMgA;di\MWj?;dFQ=?lZ=?MB@AKU=/`qpS=;diGF—l€jB@Ag9@Ab—fd@AorgA;diG=?bHoG@9jWpSsYFLl…=BK:pSFHFQp[MBMW@9i\MWbH;Si
bHiMW`G@yFHb—MW@AjBpOMW>YjB@Sˆy>­ =y-² ?@€\‡¶´oY@9MW@9g9MŸ=?bLMB>qpOMWbL;diG=hbHiŽR`GbHgm`xMB`G@rIV;d=?bLMWbL;di;SCMW`G@yjB;dsV;SMk`qpS=ksJ@9@Ai
FH;S=?M“6ˆ A `Y@AjB@ApS=tMW`Y@AbHjtpSIGIGj?;\pSgm`4jB@9FHbL@A=;SiMW`G@]>G=?@AjtMB;¡=BIV@Ag9bLC§lxMB`G@Xj?;dsJ;O(M B}=tgA>Gj?jB@9iQM€IV;d=?bLMWbL;di˜MB;
jB@9gA;*fd@9jkCEj?;dK¥=B>Ygm`x=Bb—MW>qp[MWbH;SiG=A–G;S>GjRK:@vMW`G;Zo˜bL=RpSsGFL@tMW;:pS>YMW;SiG;dKU;d>G=BF—l¡j?@AFH;Zg“pOFHbH’9@MW`Y@…j?;dsV;SM“ˆ‹ŠŒi
MW`YD@ Cq@9FHo_;OC<^xpSFj ES;*f_FL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;di pOiGo_Iqp[MW`¡IGFHpSiGiGbLiGcG–J­®H| G1¯J Iww‚ =€ƒ° @² @…SªO´VoG@“pSFTŽRbLMB`_MW`Y@
IGj?;dsGFH@9K;OCœ=?@AFH@9g9MBbHiGc(pSIYIGjB;dIYjBb p[MW@XpOg9MWbL;diG=Ÿ>GiYoG@AjŸIV;d=Bb—MWbL;di>GiGg9@AjDMmpSbLiQMŒlSˆN­®H| G1¯J I¶´gm`G;Z;d=B@]MW`Y@
=B`Y;dj?MB@A=?MUiqp“fZbHcdpOMWbL;diIqpOMB`”ŽRb—MW`j?@A=BIV@AgvM:MB;MW`G@(KU;d=?MXFH'b EO@AF—l$IV;d=Bb—MWbL;di;SCRMW`G@(j?;dsJ;OM“ˆn­}‚ =€ƒ°J´
bHi\MBjB;ZoG>GgA@9o_=?@9fd@9jWpSFJoG@Ag9bH=?bH;diw‘ÀMW`G@9;djB@vMWbLgh`Y@A>Gj?bH=?MBbHg9=A–QŽR`GbHgm`_MWKp ES@kbHi\MW;rpSgAg9;d>Gi\MœMB`G@h>GiGgA@9j?MWpSbHi\MŒlU;SC
MW`Y@_IV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si›@9=?MBbHK:pOMWbL;di4ŽR`G@Ai%IYF pSiGiYbHiGc˜p˜Iqp[MW`MB;p(MmpSj?cd@9MyFH;Zg“pOMBbH;diPˆ¡¯œ;SMB`%pSIYIGjB;\pOgm`G@A=yoG;
iG;SMtgA;diG=?bHoG@9jŸpSgvMWbLfS@]FH;Zg“pSFLbH’ApOMWbL;di{–qbÀˆ}@SˆVMW`G@vloG;NiY;SMŸbHi\MBjB;ZoG>GgA@XpSg9MBbH;diG=oG@AoGbLg“pOMB@AoCE;djjB@AoY>GgAbLiGc
>GiGg9@AjDMmpSbLiQMŒlXbHi]IV;d=Bb—MWbH;SiX@A=DMWbHK:pOMBbH;di{ˆ-š7`G@hpSIYIGjB;\pOgm`UbLi\MWjB;ZoG>Gg9@Ao bHiL­ @t² @€dª[´GMmKp EO@A=1>GiGg9@AjDMmpSbLiQMŒl
pSiGo›pSgvMWbL;diG=tCE;djŸj?@AFH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;dibHi\MW;pSg9gA;d>Gi\MAˆ]š7`G@9l4oY;iY;SM€oGbH=DMWbLiGcd>GbL=B`4sV@9MŒŽ@A@Ai›MW`G@ j?;dsJ;O(M B}=
IGj?bHK:pSj?l”MmpOM= EQ=(pSiGonFL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;diapSgvMWbH;SiG=NpSiGo pOFLŽœp*lZ=Ngm`G;Z;d=?@MW`G@•pSgvMWbL;diG=_ŽRb—MW` MB`G@4`GbHcS`G@A=DM
>YMBbHFHb—MŒlNŽRbLMB`jB@9=BIV@Ag9MŸMB;_MW`Y@XsJ@9FHbL@9C=DMmpOMB@X;SCMW`Y@XjB;dsV;SMAHˆ A `GbHFL@…MB`GbH=kMW@Agm`YiG'b NQ>G@]bL=;dIYMBbHK:pSF{ŽRbLMB`
jB@9=BIV@AgvM¡MW;•MW`G@˜K:;ZoG@9FH@AOo NQ>qpSi\MWb—MWbL@A=:pSiGo MB`G@˜IYF pSiGiYbHiGc›`G;dj?bH’A;Si{–bLMB=UpSIGIGFLbHg“pOsGbHFLbLMŒlbH=UFHbHKUbLMB@Ao
oG>G@yMW;¡MW`Y@XgA;dKUIG>YMWpOMWbL;diqpSF™g9;dKUIGFH@£uYb—MŒl;SC1MW`G@]pOIGIGjB;dpSgm`{ˆŸŠŒig9;di\MWjWpO=?MŸMW;:MW`G@9=B@]KU@9MW`Y;woG=9–P;d>Yj
pSIGIYjB;\pSgm`x;diGFLlg9;diG=BbLoG@Aj?=MW`Y@rKU;d=?MFH'b EO@AF—l(IJ;d=?bLMBbH;di(CE;djIYF pSiGiYbHiGcG-ˆ A `G@9iG@9fS@AjtMB`G@XgA@9j?MWpSbHi\MŒl;SC
MW`Y@kIV;d=Bb—MWbL;di @A=?MBbHK:pOMWbL;diXC‰pSFLFH=sV@AFH;*Ž p€=BIV@Ag9Pb Cq@9o_MW`YjB@A=?`G;dFLo{–ZpSg9MBbLfd@hjB@9FH;Zg“pSFLbH’ApOMWbL;diXbH=1IV@AjDCE;djBKU@Ao{ˆ
žF—MW`G;S>Gcd`xMB`GbH=tKUbHcS`QMiG;SMŸFL@“pSo˜MW;¡MW`Y@X;dIYMBbHK:pSFsV@A`Gp*fZbL;djA–{@£uZMW@AiYoG@Ao›@vuwIV@AjBbLK:@9i\MW=t=?`G;*Žœ@9oMW`Y@
jB@9FHbHpSsGbHFLbLMŒl€;SCJMW`GbL=1pSIGIGj?;\pSgm`{Qˆ A@7CE>Gj?MB`G@Aj?K:;SjB@R@vuwIV@AjBbL@AiGg9@Ao{–QMW`GpOM‹IJ;d=?=BbLsGFH@RpSoYoGbLMBbH;diqpOFYgA;S=?MW=pSj?@
iG@9cdFHbLcdbHsGFL@oY>GjBbLiGcŸFH;diYcO‘eMB@AjBK;dIV@AjBpOMWbL;di{–dsV@AgApS>G=?@7;d>GjFH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;diŸMW@9gm`GiG'b NQ>G@7C‰pSbLFH@9orfd@9j?l]jBpSjB@9FLldˆ
/ 10
(' TN0VUS6XWY7X.Z3 [ .15]\489693Ÿ5R6/34.Z3 0VU6Z\)3 2_^+!` a T bdc693fe
ŠŒi MW`YbH=_=?@AgvMWbH;Si Žœ@xŽRbLFHFhcdbLfS@pSinbLiYCE;dj?K_pSF7;*fS@Aj?fZbL@9Ž;SCŸMW`G@†kƒhŠ©|t¤ =B;SC§MŒŽœpSjB@x=?lZ=?MB@AKˆ ³q;dj
KU;djB@€oG@vMmpSbLFH@AobHiwCE;djBK:pOMWbL;di¡MW`Y@yj?@“pSoG@9jkbL=kj?@9CE@9jBjB@9oxMW;U@Sˆ}cGˆ­®¯7²³/°™d±SsPqšR¯¯°™d±O´¾ˆš7`G@y;*fd@AjBpSFHF
=B;OC§MŒŽpSj?@hpSjBgm`Gb—MW@9g9MW>YjB@7gA;SiG=BbL=?MW=;OCPpOIGIGjB;“uwbHK:pOMB@AFLlhgIKU;ZoG>GFH@9=R¬‰IYjB;ZgA@A=?=B@9=mµv–\ŽR`GbLgm`UpSjB@7@£uY@9gA>YMB@Ao
gA;SiGgA>Gj?jB@9iQMBFLl€;diy«7;diw‘esJ;\pOjBio G‹²œ=/pSiGho gK; jT‘ŒsV;\pSjBoy‚ kk|%Žœ;dFj EQ=?Mmp[MWbH;SiG=A–OgA;diGiY@Ag9MB@Ao…fwbHDp l/MB`G@Aj?iG@9MAˆ
š7`G@N=?;SC§MŒŽpOjB@(K:;ZoG>GFL@A=Xg9;dKUKX>GiGbLg“pOMB@_>G=?bHiGc4šh² m ­®³T@9oqd«O´‰–‹poG@9gA@Ai\MBjWpSFLbH’A@9o”gA;dKUKX>GiGbLg“pOMBbH;di
IGj?;SMW;ZgA;dFqCE;djIJ;SbHi\M?‘ÀMW;O‘eIJ;dbLi\M=B;ZSg ES@vMRgA;dKUKX>GiGbLg“pOMBbH;diPˆ„³„bLcd>Gj?@ªYˆ =?`G;*ŽR=MW`G@pSjBgm`YbLMW@9g9MB>GjB@pSFH;diYc
ŽRbLMB`MB`G@:K:op n?;dj€=?;SC§MŒŽpOjB@_KU;ZoG>GFH@9=rpOiGoMB`Gq@ pG;¶Ž¨;OC7bHiYCE;SjBK:pOMWbL;di4sJ@vMŒŽœ@9@Ai%MB`G@AKˆ‚wbHKUbHFHpSjkMB;
;SMB`G@AjXj?;dsV;SMXg9;di\MWjB;SF7pSjBgm`YbLMW@9g9MB>GjB@9=A–MW`G@(†hƒkŠ©|¤ =DlZ=?MW@9KbH=rpSFH=?;;dj?c\pSiGbL’A@AobLip`GbL@AjWpOjBgm`GbLg“pSF
K:pSiGiG@9jA–qŽRbLMB`˜MW`Y@yoG@vfZbHgA@yoGjBb—fd@9jB=kpOMkMB`G@…FH;*Žœ@9=?MFH@9fS@AF<pSiGoMW`G@y>G=B@9jbLiQMB@AjDC‰pSgA@9=pOMhMW`Y@y`GbLcd`G@9=?M“ˆ
š7`G@(`GbL@AjWpOjBgm`\ld–`G;*Žœ@vfd@Aj9–7bH=XiY;SMU=?MWj?bHgvM bHiMW`G@N=?@AiG=?@˜MB`qpOM KU;woG>YFH@A=yŽœ;d>YFHoaIqpS=B= bLiYCE;djBK:pOMBbH;di
;diGF—l ŽRbLMB`GbHi MW`Y@=BpSK:@•;dj˜pSg9jB;d=?=xpSoo nBpSgA@9iQMxF p“ld@9jB=9ˆ¥ŠŒi †hƒkŠ©|r¤ B}==B;SC§MŒŽœpSjB@O–€K:;ZoG>GFL@A=(;SC§MW@9i
gA;SK:KX>YiGbHgApOMW@ŸpOgAjB;S=B=hKX>GFLMBbHIGFL@FHp*lS@Aj?=Aˆ
/ SR
D"P
"
d+D1

User Interface
Task Planner
Map Builder
Localization
Path Planner
Collision
Avoidance
!"$#&%('()*!+-,.'/+10%1,3254+1),76&8:9<;>=?'/2A@B+-%12ACED-FD1+-,.GIH5@*JKGLHNM<25%PO2RQS254!@4T25%(GH"+1!2A@U
œ¯ @9CE;SjB@RŽœ@koG@A=?gAjBbLsJ@RMW`Y@oGb*jP@9jB@Ai\MK:;ZoG>GFL@A=;SCPMW`G@kpSjBgm`YbLMW@9g9MB>GjB@O–wb—M=?`G;d>GFLo:sV@hiG;SMW@9o_MW`GpOMpSFHF
=B@9iG=B;Sj7bHiYCE;dj?K_p[MWbH;Si:g9;dFHFL@Ag9MB@Ao¡;Si¡MW`G@tj?;dsV;SMbL=œsGj?;\pSoGgApS=?MB@AoNMW;rMB`G@t;SMB`G@AjœK:;ZoG>GFL@A=A–wbLC™j?@8NQ>GbLjB@AoPˆ
š7`GbL=…=?@AiG=?;dj€oqpOMWp(g9;diG=?bH=?MB=€K_pSbLiGFLl˜;SC‹MW`G@]IV;d=?bLMWbL;di4;SC‹MW`G@ j?;dsJ;OMŸK:@ApS=B>YjB@Ao›s\l4MW`G@ ;ZoG;dKU@9MBj?l
pSiGo”KU@“pS=?>GjB@9K:@9i\MW=];SCRMW`Y@NjB;dsV;S(M B}=XIGj?;“uYbLK:b—MŒl$=?@AiG=?;djB=˜¬E@A=BIV@Ag9b pSFLFLl›=B;SiqpSj pSiGoFHpS=B@9jX=B@9iG=B;SjB=mµ£ˆ
ŠŒixMB`G@…CE;SFHFH;*ŽRbLiGcG–GŽ@yŽRbHFLF™oG@A=?gAj?bHsV@yMW`Y@yCE>GiGgvMWbL;diqpSFLbLMŒl¡;OC/MW`G@yoGPb jJ@Aj?@Ai\MkK:;ZoG>GFL@A=hbHi(MW`G@yiG;djBK:pSF
;dIV@AjBpOMWbL;diqpSF<K:;ZoG@OˆX‚wIV@Ag9Pb CqgXMWpSM= EQ=Ÿ=?>Ggm`$pO=Ÿ@Sˆ}cGˆ{sG>GbLFHoGbLiGc¡pNK:pSIxCEj?;dK&=?gAjWp[MWgm`{–<pSj?@XoG@A=?gAj?bHsV@Ao
bHiNMB`G@€jB@AFHpOMW@9o(FHbLMB@AjBpOMW>Gj?@Sˆ
VXWEYZY\[Z]^[\WE_a`cbEWd[\egfU_$hji
ž M<MW`G@FH;*Žœ@9=?MFH@vfd@AFZ;SCGMB`G@pSjBgm`Gb—MW@9g9MW>YjB@S–OMW`G@‹jB@ApSg9MBbLfd@gA;dFLFHbL=BbH;SiŸp“fd;dbLoqpSiGg9@œKU;woG>YFH@1bH=-jB@9=BIV;diG=?bHsGFL@
CE;dj=WpOCE@9FLl…iqp“fZbHc\pOMBbHiGchMW`G@œjB;dsV;SM„pSjB;d>YiGo];dsG=DMmpSg9FH@A=;di]bLMB=IGpOMW`{ˆ„ž=/oG@9=Bg9jBbHsV@Ao]bLi]²œ`qpOIYMW@9j<Iw–d;d>Yj
KU;woG@9F—‘esqpS=B@9o¡oYlZiqpSKUbHghŽRbHiGoY;¶Ž¦pSIYIGjB;\pOgm`bLi\MW@AcSjWpOMB@A=j?@“pSFPpSiGo¡fZbHjDMW>qpSFV=B@9iG=B;Sj7oqpOMmpXbLi¡;dj?oG@AjœMB;
p“fd;dbLo¡gA;SFHFHbL=BbL;diG=1@9fS@AiNŽRbLMB`¡;dsG=DMmpSg9FH@A=œiG;SM7oG@vMW@9g9MmpOsGFH@ts\l_†kƒhŠ©|t¤ B}==B@9iG=B;dj?=Aˆ‹š7`G@MWpSjBcd@vMIV;dbHi\MB=
CE;djhMW`G@Xg9;dFHFLbH=?bH;di˜p“fd;dbLoqpSiGg9@]pSjB@yCEjB8@ NQ>G@9i\MWFLlx>GIVoqpOMW@9o4s\lxMW`Y@XIqpOMB`4IGF pSiYiG@AjkoG@A=?gAjBbLsJ@9o•bHixMB>GjBi{ˆ
GFH@ApS=B@:iG;SMW@UMW`qp[MXoG>G@:MW;x>YIJoqp[MW@A=rbHiMB`G@:Ž;dj?FHo%KU;woY@AFÀ–-MW`Y@_IV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si;SC7MB`G@A=?@_MmpOjBcd@vMrIV;dbHi\MB=
g“pOi%gm`qpSiGcS@¡oGjWpO=?MWbLg“pSFLFLlCEj?;dK ;diG@:=B@Ag9;diGoMW;MW`G@_;SMW`G@9jAˆš7`G@¡oYlZiqpOK:bLg:ŽRbHiYoG;*Ž pSIGIGj?;\pSgm`%bL=
@A=?IJ@9gAbHpSFHF—l oG@A=?bHcdiG@9o_MW;y`qpSiGoYFH@=?>Ggm`N=Bb—MW>qp[MWbH;SiG=AˆŠeMgA;SiG=BbLoG@Aj?=œMW`G@koYlZiqpSKUbHg9=;SC™MB`G@j?;dsV;SMŽR`Y@Ai
cd@9iG@AjBpOMWbLiGckKU;SMBbH;di€gA;SK:K:pSiGoG=9–SpOiGoyMB`G@Aj?@9CE;dj?@œbLM<gApS>G=B@9=/iG;hIGjB;SsGFH@9K:=-MW;h=B@9iGoX@Sˆ}cGˆ¶MmpSj?cd@9M<IV;dbHi\MB=
sV@A`GbLiGoNMW`G@€jB;SsJ;SMR@vfd@9ixbLCbLMbH=RbHi(p]C‰pS=?MR=DMWjBpSbHcd`\MRKU;SMWbL;di{ˆ
g
!#"$%'&(')*,+-.$
W hjfUY\[f5[\WE_
7š `G@:†kƒhŠ©|t¤ =DlZ=?MW@9K pSIGIGFLbH@A=ŸIV;d=?bLMWbL;di•IGjB;SsqpSsGbLFHbLMŒl˜cdj?bHoG=ŸoG@9=Bg9jBbHsV@AobHi4MW`YbH=ŸMW`G@9=BbL=…MB;FL;wgApSFHbL’A@
MW`Y@…j?;dsV;SM“ˆ/žhC§MW@9jh@ApSgm`>GIJoGpOMW@ŸsqpO=B@Ao˜;di(iG@9Ž =B@9iG=B;djRbLiYCE;djBK:pOMBbH;di{–QMW`Y@ŸsJ@9FHbH@vC<=?Mmp[MW@€bH==?g“pSiYiG@Ao
CE;dj1FH;Zg“pOFGK_p¶uYbLK_p€pS=‹oG@9=BgAj?bHsV@Ao:bHi_‚w@AgvMWbH;Si gwˆzªYˆz«Yˆ1‚wbLiGgA@hbHiUKU;d=?M‹g“pO=B@A=‹MW`G@hIV;d=Bb—MWbH;SiUbL=1>GiGb'NQ>G@9FLl
oG@vMW@Aj?K:bLiG@AoP–VMB`G@XcdFL;dsqpSF™K:p[uwbHKX>YK;SC/MW`Y@rsV@AFHbL@9C=DMmpOMB@rbL=pS=?=B>GKU@AoMB;_sV@yMB`G@rMWj?>G@rFL;wgApOMWbL;di(;SC
MW`Y@¡jB;dsV;SM¡¬‰=?@A@(‚w@9g9MBbH;diªwˆz~xCE;SjrpxoYbH=Bg9>G=B=?bH;di;OCMW`G@_=BbLMB>qpOMBbH;di{–-ŽR`G@9i%MW`G@¡j?;dsV;SMrbL=r>GiYgA@AjDMmpSbLi
pSsV;d>YMrbLMW=rFH;Zg“pOMBbH;diTµ£ˆ˜š7`Y@N@A=?MBbHK:pOMW@9o%IV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si$;SCRMW`Y@¡jB;dsV;SMrbH=yCEj?8@ NQ>G@9iQMBFLl$=B@Ai\M]MB;MW`G@¡;OMW`G@9j
KU;woG>YFH@A=9ˆ
ŠŒir;d>Yj<g9>GjBj?@Ai\M/bLK:IYFH@AKU@Ai\MWpOMWbL;diMW`Y@FL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;ditKU;ZoG>GFH@1pOoGoGbLMBbH;diGpSFHF—lk=?@AjDfd@A=/pS=™MW`G@‹cd@AiY@AjWp¶‘
MW;Sj™;SCwfZbLj?MW>GpSFS=?@AiG=?;djj?@“pSoYbHiGcd=P>G=B@9orbHitMB`G@1`\lwsYjBbHo€g9;dFHFLbH=BbL;diŸp“fd;SbHoqpSiYgA@KU;woG>YFH@R¬E=B@A@‚w@9g9MBbH;di Iwˆ}~Qµvˆ
š7`GbL=kbLiQMB@AcdjBpOMWbL;di(bH=hiG@Ag9@A=?=WpSjDlx=?bHiGg9@…MB`G@yg9;dKUIG>YMmp[MWbH;Si˜;SCfZbHj?MB>qpSF™KU@“pS=?>GjB@9K:@9i\MW=tpOgAgA;SjBoGbLiGcUMB;
lZNTˆ<¬ Iwˆ}~Qµ=?MBjB;diGcSFLl¡oY@AIV@AiGoG=h;diNMW`Y@…sV@AFLbH@v
C D¬ µ;SC<MW`Y@…IV;d=?bLMWbL;diN@A=DMWbLK_pOMBbH;diPˆ
f
Y fU_ _ i
7š `G@Xg9;dFHFLbH=?bH;di(p“fd;SbHoqpSiYgA@XKU;woY>GFH@€bH=hIGj?;diG@rMB;_cd@vMt=?MB>GgSEbHix@OˆzcYˆXk7‘Œ=B`GpSIJ@9o4;dsG=DMmpSg9FH@…gA;diCGcd>GjWp¶‘
MWbL;diG=9–SsV@Ag“pO>G=B@b—M„;SiGFLl€g9;diG=BbLoG@Aj?=p=?K_pSFLFdCEjWpSgvMWbL;dir;SCYMW`G@@9i\fwbLjB;diYK:@9iQMŽR`G@Ai]cS@AiG@9jWpOMBbHiGckK:;SMBbH;di
gA;SK:K:pSiGoG=9ˆtš7`G@9jB@9CE;SjB@S–PbLMtbL=iG@9gA@9=B=WpOj?lCE;djk@UgAbL@Ai\MŸiqp“fZbHcdpOMWbL;di˜MB;¡cd>GbLoG@yMB`G@XgA;SFHFHbL=BbL;dixp“fS;dbHow‘
pSiGg9@ysGpS=B@9o;di˜pUKU;woY@AF™;SCMW`G@…@Ai\MWbLjB@…@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\M“ˆ7†hƒkŠ©|¤ Bz=hIqpOMB`˜IGFHpSiGiG@9jk>Y=B@A=k;wg9gA>GIGpSiGg9l
cdj?bHo›K_pSIY=ypO=…Ž;djBFLo$KU;woY@AF/MW;cd@9iG@AjBpOMW@:K:bLiGbHKX>YK ‘egA;d=DMtIqpOMB`G=€MW;˜MWpSjBcS@9M…FH;Zg“pOMBbH;diY=Aˆ =ŸbLfS@Aip
cd;\pOFYIV;dbHi\M“–[MW`G@7@9=?MBbHK:pOMW@9o]gA;d=DMCE;dj„j?@“pSgm`GbLiGcŸMW`GbL=„MmpOjBcd@vM1pSjB@œgA;dKUIG>YMB@AoXCE;dj/@ApSgm` IJ;S=BbLMBbH;dirbHiXMW`Y@
@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\M“ˆš7`Y@A=B@Ÿg9;d=?MpSjB@gA;dKUIG>YMB@Ao¡sqpO=B@AoN;SiNproG@vMW@Aj?K:bLiGbH=DMWbLgRfS@Aj?=BbH;SiN;SC{fOpSFH>Y@bLMB@AjBpOMWbL;di{ˆ
ƒk@9jB@O–TpSg9MBbH;diG=7;OC<MB`G@€jB;dsV;SMRpOjB@€K:;ZoG@9FH@AoNoY@9MW@9jBKUbHiGbL=?MBbHg“pOFHFLl]pSiGo(MW`G@Ÿg9;d=?MRCE;djMBjWp“fd@9jB=BbLiGcUp]cdjBbLo
gA@9FHFJpSjB@tpS=B=?>GK:@9o¡MW;XsV@IYjB;dIV;dj?MBbH;diGpSFqMW;rMB`G@t;ZgAgA>YIqpSiGgvl:fOpSFL>G@;SC™MB`G@tg9@AFHF¾!ˆ A `G@9iG@9fS@Aj7MW`Y@tK_pOI
;SCJMW`G@h@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\Mœgm`GpSiGcd@9=oG>Y@hMB;yiG@vŽ =B@9iG=B;dj‹bHiwCE;djBK:pOMWbL;di{–SMB`G@RgA;d=DMCE;Sj‹j?@“pSgm`YbHiGc€MW`G@RMmpOjBcd@vM
FH;Zg“p[MWbH;Si(pSjB@€>GIVoqpOMB@Ao˜pS=hŽ@AFLFÀˆ G„p[MW`IGF pSiYiGbHiGc bL=hsGpS=B@9ox;diNMW`Y@rpS=?=B>GKUIYMBbH;diNMW`GpOMRMW`G@…IJ;S=BbLMBbH;di
;SC/MB`G@rj?;dsV;SMbL=koY@9MW@9jBKUbHiG@9ox>GiY'b NQ>G@AF—ldˆhš7`Q>G=A–VMW`G@yK:bLiGbHKX>YK ‘egA;d=DM7IqpOMB`xMW;UMW`G@…MmpSj?cd@9MkFH;Zg“pOMBbH;di
bH=Rcd@9iG@AjBpOMW@9os\l(=?MB@A@AIV@A=DMŸoG@9=BgA@9i\MŸbHi(MW`G@…gA;S=?MW=k=?MWpSj?MBbHiGcUpOMhMW`G@…@A=DMWbLK_pOMB@AojB;dsV;SMhIV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si{ˆŠŒiZ‘
MW@9jBKU@AoGbHpOMW@]MWpSjBcd@vM…IJ;dbLi\MW=ypSjB@U@vuZMWjBpSg9MB@Ao$CEj?;dK&MB`GbH=…IqpOMB`sqpO=B@Ao$;di%pNfZbH=BbLsGbHFLbLMŒl˜gAj?bLMW@9jBbL;di$pOiGo
pSj?@…=?@Ai\MRMW; MW`G@€g9;dFHFLbH=BbL;di¡p“fS;dbHoqpOiGgA@€KU;woG>YFH@Sˆ
ži:@vuYpSKUIGFH@CE;dj1Iqp[MW`UIGF pSiYiGbHiGcŸbLiUMB`G@RKX>G=?@A>GK@9iQfZbLjB;diGKU@Ai\MbH=cdb—fd@9i:bLi_³„bLcd>Gj?@RªYˆ gZˆ/ƒk@9jB@O–
MW`Y@MmpSj?cd@9M1FL;wgApOMWbL;diXbH=„;di]MW`G@7j?bHcd`\MIqpOj?M1;SCVMW`G@7K:pSI pSiYo MB`G@RgA;dj?jB@9=BIV;diGoGbLiGcŸgA;d=DM‹bHiGg9jB@“pO=B@ŽRbLMB`
MW`Y@]oGbH=DMmpSiGg9@]MW;¡MW`YbH=tMmpOjBcd@vM“ˆrš7`YV@ CGcd>GjB@ pOFH=B;NoY@AIGbLg9MW=ŸMB`G@]K:bLiGbHKr>GK gA;d=DM€IqpOMW`4CE;dj€p¡=?IJ@9gA*b Cqg
jB;SsJ;SM€IV;d=?bLMWbL;di{ˆ ³qjB;SK&MW`GbL=ŸIqpOMB`{–„pOi›bLi\MW@Aj?K:@9oGb p[MW@XMmpOjBcd@vMyFL;wgApOMWbL;dibL=…@£uZMWjWpOg9MW@9o%pSiYo=?@Ai\MyMB;
MW`Y@tgA;dFLFHbL=BbH;Si p*fS;dbHoGpSiGgA@K:;ZoG>GFL@Sˆ„ŠŒi¡MB`GbH=‹@vuYpSKUIGFL@S–wMB`G@FL;wgApOMWbL;diUK_pSFj ES@9o_ŽRbLMB`_MW`G@ :bL=gm`Y;d=B@9i{ˆ
‚w@9@_­®š7`GjWSSs{q¯7²³„°™d±SsY´{CE;Sj7K:;dj?@ŸoG@9MWpSbHFL=;di(MW`G@€Iqp[MW`IGF pSiYiG@Aj9ˆ
D"P
"
d+D1
g
2AD-+P4T25% %1,.H5'()!@+1),3+1H"%(5, &
+ C2j' H"+12A@KJ, +-, % G!@,.JF"H5C!0, !+-, %(H"+12A@ J*H"% D1)H5J*!@
@*J*!' H"+-,.D )A) '/2AD-+ H5@*JK+1), %1,.D10C+1!@ G !@* G 0*G\'/2AD-+H"+1) 4T%12AG +1), ,.D1+1!GH"+-,.J %1225+:C!2' H"+12A@ f"!$#&% [ZY\e i
ŒŠ ixMB`G@riG;SjBK:pSF-;dIJ@9jWpOMBbH;diGpSF™K:;ZoG@O–VMB`G@rK:pSIxsY>GbHFLoG@AjhbH=h>G=B@9oMW;:>GIJoGpOMW@rp_=?MWpOMWbLgyKU;woY@AF-;SCMW`Y@
@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\M“ˆ•š7`GbL=]K:;ZoG>GFL@:cS@AiG@9jWpOMB@A= ;wg9gA>GIGpSiGg9l$cdjBbLo%K:pSIG=(¬E=B@A@ ­ lFLC‰±\‡Z/^ l1±JIZ/š7`GjWSSs ´ µ
MW;N@9=?MBbHK:pOMW@…MW`G@X;ZgAg9>GIqpSiYg9l;OC1@“pSgm`•FH;Zg“p[MWbH;SixbHi˜MW`G@X@9i\fwbLjB;diYK:@9iQMAˆil‹pOgm`›=?g“pSi4;OC‹MB`G@Xj?;dsJ;OM(B}=
IGj?;*uwbLK:b—MŒl(=B@AiY=B;dj?=…bL=g9;di\fd@AjDMW@9o›bLi\MW;Np_FL;wgApSF<;wg9gA>GIqpOiGg9lxcdjBbLoxK:pSI{ˆtš7`G@rK_pSIxsG>GbHFLoG@AjkbH=pSsGFH@
MW;abHi\MB@AcdjBpOMW@•K:pSIG=(sqpS=?@Ao ;dioG*b jP@9jB@Ai\dM EQbHiGoY=˜;SCr=B@9iG=B;dj?=xbLiQMB; p”IGj?@9fZbH;d>Y=BFLl =B>GIGIYFHbH@9o K:pSI{ˆ
A `G@9iG@9fS@AjŸMW`G@yK_pOIgm`qpSiGcS@A=ŸoG>G@yMW;¡iG@vŽ=B@AiY=B;djŸbLiYCE;djBK:pOMBbH;di{–GMB`G@r>YIJoqp[MW@Ao4KU;ZoG@AF<bH=k=B@Ai\MtMB;
MW`Y@…IGpOMW`IGF pOiGiG@Aj9–G=B; MW`GpOM7MW`G@€j?;dsJ;OMRg“pSi˜pSoG@ NZ>GpOMW@9FLlNj?@“pSgvMhMB; gm`qpSiGcd@9=kbLiNMW`G@€@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\M“ˆ
³„bHcS>GjB@ªYˆz«kbHFLFH>G=DMWjBpOMW@9=-pk=Bb—MW>qp[MWbH;SiyoG>YjBbHiYckMW`Y@œKX>G=?@A>GK MB;d>GjD‘ecd>GbLoG@1IGjB; n?@9g9MA–SŽR`G@Aj?@œMW`Y@œjB;SsJ;SM
oG@9gAbHoY@Ao¡MW;…MmKp EO@ŸproG@vMW;d>YjpSj?;d>GiGoNpygAjB;*ŽRoN;SC-IV@A;SIGFH@hbHi¡;SjBoG@9jMW;yjB@ApSgm`NbLMB=œcd;\pOFÀˆ/ƒh@Aj?@S–GpX²œž
K:pSI(;SCMB`G@€KX>G=?@A>GK¥bL=RbHi\MW@9cdjWpOMB@AoNŽRbLMB`(K_pSIY=7sqpS=B@9ox;di(=?;diqpSjhpSiGoF pO=B@Aj7KU@“pO=B>Gj?@AKU@Ai\MW=9ˆ
²œ;diG=?bH=?MB@Ai\MbLiQMB@AcdjBpOMWbL;di…;SCqFH;Zg“pOF\K_pSIY=„bHi\MB;tpkcSFH;dsqpOFdŽœ;dj?FHoyK:;ZoG@AFQj?8@ NQ>GbHj?@AQ= EQiG;*ŽRFL@AoGcd@;SCqMW`Y@
IV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si;OC„MW`Y@yj?;dsJ;OM“ˆ‹ŠeC1pUK:pSI(;SCMW`G@…@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\MbL=hpSFHj?@“pSoYl¡IGjB;*fZbHoG@9o{–TMW`G@9i˜MW`YbH=RIJ;S=BbLMBbH;di
g“pOiysV@1@A=?MBbHK:pOMW@9o€sQl€;S>Gj-FH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;SikKU;woY>GFH@Oˆ<žkIGIGj?;\pSgm`G@9=CE;dj™g9;diGgA>YjBjB@9i\MWFLl€sY>GbHFLoGbHiGcMW`G@‹K_pOI
CEjB;SK =Bg9jWpOMBgm`pSiGo›@A=DMWbHK:pOMBbHiGc¡MB`G@:IV;d=?bLMWbL;di•;SCœMB`G@UjB;dsV;SM…pSj?@:oG@9=Bg9jBbHsV@AobHi ­ š7`GjWdOs{-šR³/¯d±Y
š =€³/°{d±O´‰ˆ
('
)
fU]+* Y\f_$_gi
š7`G@€CE>GiGoqpOK:@9iQMWpSF{MmpO=ME¡;SCMW`GbL=7K:;ZoG>GFL@ŸbH=MB;:@9iG=B>Gj?@…MB`qpOMRMW`Y@…j?;dsV;SMhg“pSiIJ@9j?CE;dj?K¥bLMB=7K:bL=B=?bH;diG=
jB@9FHbHpSsGFLlypSiYo:@ :g9bH@9iQMBFLl]s\l]cS@AiG@9jWpOMBbHiGc€IGFHpSiG=1pSiGoUKU;diGbLMB;djBbLiGckMB`G@AbLj@vuw@Ag9>YMWbL;di{ˆš7`G@9=B@hK:bL=B=?bH;diG=
gg
!#"$%'&(')*,+-.$
9<@ +-, 5%(H"+-,.J GH H5' 0%1,.J !@ H D1!+10*H"+12A@ :
Q ), %(,3+1),3%1225+ )*H5J +-2+1H 5 ,HJ, +-2A0% H"%12A0@*JKH
'/%12RQ:JK254 , 2C!,5
cd@9iG@AjBpSFHF—lbLiGgAFL>GoG@¡oYbPjJ@AjB@9i\MrEQbHiGoG=];OCk=?>GsYMWpS=MEQ= =B>Ggm`apS=]iGp*fZbLc\pOMWbL;di{–bHi\MW@9jWpSgvMWbH;Si{–IJ@9jBg9@AIYMBbH;di{–
@9MBgSˆ1ŠŒi(MW`G@…†hƒkŠ©|t¤=?lZ=?MB@AK¥MŒŽ;:oG*b jP@9jB@9iQM EQbHiYoG=R;SCMWpSM= E_IGF pSiYiG@Aj?=kpOjB@…pSIGIGFLbH@9o{ˆ
š7`G@ CqjB=DM:=DlZ=?MW@9K bH=]sqpS=?@Ao ;di =…¤ <i¤ =]–/p•FH;ScdbHgApSFœFHpSiGcd>qpOcd@_MW`GpOMUjB@AIYjB@A=?@Ai\MW= EQiG;*ŽRFH@AoYcd@
bHi˜MW`G@X=?bLMB>qpOMWbL;dixgApSFHg9>GFH>Y=]¬‰=?@A@]@OˆzcGˆ ­ <† ° \‡ ´ µvˆš7`G@]c\pSIsV@9MŒŽ@A@9i›MB`G@XFL;dcdbHgApSF™jB@9IGjB@9=B@9iQMWpOMWbL;di
pSiGo”MW`Y@FL;*ŽFL@9fd@9FRK:;ZoG>GFL@A=X;SCkMW`G@(=?;SC§MŒŽpOjB@˜pSjBgm`Gb—MW@9g9MW>YjB@(bH=]sGj?bHoGcS@AoasQl =y¤ lQm­®ƒ¯ <S±O´À–
ŽR`GbLgm`]oG@Ag9;dK:IV;d=?@A=„MB`G@`GbLcd`w‘ŒFL@9fS@AF =y¤ <¤ = pOg9MWbL;diG=bHi\MW;ptK_pSg9jB;O‘eFHPb ES@1=B@ NZ>Y@AiGg9@h;OCVpSIGIGj?;dIGjBbHpOMW@
oGbLjB@AgvMWb—fd@A=hpSiYoKU;diGb—MW;dj?=œMW`Y@AbHj7@£uw@AgA>wMWbH;Si{ˆ1š7`GbH=7=Dlw=DMW@9K`qpS=RsJ@9@Ai=B>Gg9gA@9=B=?CE>YFHFLlpOIGIGFHbL@AoNoG>YjBbHiYc
MW`Y@7KX>G=B@9>GK MB;d>GjD‘ecd>GbLoG@œIGj?; n?@AgvM“ˆ/š7`Y@h=?@Ag9;diGo MmpSF= ErIGFHpSiGiG@9j/bH=/bLK:IYFH@AKU@Ai\MB@AoXbLi D† G %¬‰†h@ApSg9MBbLfS@
GF pSi -pSiYcd>qpScd@“µvˆš7`GbL=7K:;ZoG>GFL@bL=7pSIGIGFLbH@9o¡MW;]bHi\MB@AcdjBpOMW@ŸpOg9MWb—fd@ŸFL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;diUbHi\MW;]j?;dsV;SM7gA;SiQMBjB;dF
pSiGo(ŽRbHFLFPsV@€oGbH=?gA>G=?=B@Ao˜bHi˜‚w@9g9MWbL;diªYˆ}~Gˆ
]^i N_ 5i <fUhji
h† ƒkŠ©|t¤ B}=€>G=B@9j…bLi\MW@AjDC‰pSgA@]bL=Ÿ@A=?IJ@9gAb pOFHFLl˜oG@9=BbHcSiG@Ao•CE;djMB`G@ KX>G=B@9>GK&MB;d>GjD‘ecd>GbLoG@]pSIGIYFHbHgApOMWbL;di{ˆ…ŠŒi
MW`Y@XKX>G=?@A>GK–{†hƒkŠ©|¤¨pOIGIGFHbL@AoMŒŽœ;N>G=?@AjtbLi\MW@AjDC‰pSgA@9=A–{;SiG@X;diw‘esJ;dpSjBo˜bHi\MW@9j?C‰pSg9@yMW;_bHi\MW@9jWpSgvMŽRbLMB`
IV@A;dIGFL@ oGbHj?@Ag9MBFLlS–-pSiGo›;diG@U;di›MB`G@rA$@9s{ˆUš7`G@:;Siw‘ŒsV;\pSj?o›bLi\MW@AjDC‰pSgA@ bL=ypNKUb—uw@AoZ‘ŒKU@AoGbHp¡bHi\MW@9j?C‰pSg9@
MW`GpOMNbHi\MB@AcdjBpOMW@9=¡cdjWpOIG`GbHg9=A–R=B;S>GiGo{–pSiGonKU;SMWbL;di{ˆ ŠŒi MB`G@4KX>G=?@A>GK–7MW`G@4>G=?@Aj?=¡Žœ@9jB@4jB@ NQ>GbHj?@Ao
MW;›IGj?@A=B=:sG>YM?MW;diG=UgAFL;d=B@NMB;›MB`G@˜;Siw‘ŒsV;\pSj?o oGbL=BIGFHp“l%MW;›gm`G;Z;d=B@sJ@vMŒŽœ@9@Ai oYPb jJ@AjB@9i\M_;dIwMWbH;SiG=˜¬‰=B@9@
³„bLcd>GjB@:ªYˆ}~”¬¾pdµBµvˆ t>GjBbLiGc˜MB`G@_MB;d>GjyMB`G@¡j?;dsJ;OMr>G=?@Ao”bLMB=rgApSK:@9jWp(MW;IV;dbHi\MyMW;xMB`G@_@£uY`YbHsGb—MW=AˆxŠeM
=B`Y;¶Ž@Ao]MB@vuZM1pSiGorcdjWpSIY`GbHg9=„;diybLMW=oGbH=?IGF p“l…pSiYo]IGF p“ld@9oXIGj?@v‘Œj?@Ag9;djBoG@9o]=B;d>YiGoG=„CEj?;dK ² MW;t@£uYIYF pSbLi
MW`Y@…@£uw`GbHsGb—MW=9ˆ
'
'
O«
' "
d!#"$%'&('
g
H
=>@ 2AH"%(J @B+-, %14 H5'/, 254+1),3+-2A0% A0*!J,3%1225+ H5@*J
!@ +-, %14TH5'/,5
20*C!H"%H"5,.D:254+1)*, ,
k† ƒhŠ©|t¤ B}= A@As˜bHi\MW@9j?C‰pSg9@…g9;diG=?bH=?MB=R;SCp gA;dFLFH@9g9MWbL;diN;SC A$@9sxIqpOcd@A= *–GŽR`GbHgm`˜=B@AjDfd@9=kCE;d>GjRK:pSbHi
IG>Gj?IJ;S=B@A= •^˜;diYbLMW;SjBbHiYcG–g9;di\MWj?;dFÀ–IYjB;*fZbHoGbLiGc•sqpSgSEQcdjB;S>GiGo bLiYCE;djBK:pOMBbH;di{–‹pSiYo IGj?;¶fZbLoGbHiGcpoYbH=D‘
gA>Y=B=BbL;di CE;dj?>GK˜ˆ¦š7`G@bLiQMB@AjDC‰pSgA@˜@AiqpSsYFH@Aonj?@AKU;SMW@˜>G=B@9jB=¡MB;%gA;di\MBjB;dFRMW`G@xjB;dsV;SM•¬EFH@vC§M_bLK_pScS@˜bLi
³„bLcd>GjB@:ªYˆ}~¬EsTµBµ…pSiGo$MB;x;dsG=?@AjDfd@NbLMA–/pSFL;diGc(ŽRbLMB`MW`Y@¡KX>G=?@A>GK pSiGoMW`G@¡IV@A;SIGFH@ MW`G@9jB@9bHi ¬EjBbHcS`QM
bHK:pScd@bHi³„bHcS>GjB@Ÿªwˆz~˜¬‰sqµBµvˆ
ŠŒi%MW`G@_KX>G=B@9>GK–pSi”pSIGIYFHbHgApOMWbL;di•;SC7MW`Y@¡oGbH=DMmpSiYgA@ CqF—MW@9jrbHi\MBjB;ZoG>GgA@9o%bHi²œ`qpSIYMB@Aj]«˜MB>GjBiY@Ao
;d>YMkMW;:sJ@X;SiG@r;SC„MW`G@XKU;d=DMtpOM?MWjBpSg9MBbLfd@ybHi\MW@9jWpSgvMWbL;di˜CE@ApOMW>Gj?@A=k;SCMW`G@yjB;dsV;SMAˆkš7`G@roGbH=DMmpSiGg9@ CqF—MW@9j
ŽœpS=(>G=B@9oMB;oG@9MB@Ag9M>Gi EZiY;¶ŽRi¦;dsG=DMmpSg9FH@A=›¬EK:;S=?MWF—l fZbL=BbLMB;djB=Wµ:sGFL;wSg EQbHiYc%MW`G@4j?;dsJ;O(M B}=NIqpOMW`Pˆ!ŠŒi
gA;SKXsGbHiGpOMWbL;di ŽRb—MW`np%KU@“pS=?>GjB@x;SC€IGjB;ScdjB@9=B=A–RMW`Y@4jB;dsV;SM¡oY@AgAbLoG@Ao MB;sGFH;*Ž b—MW=¡`G;SjBi ŽR`G@9iG@9fS@Aj
iG@9gA@A=?=WpSjDldˆ ^xpSi\l fwbL=Bb—MW;dj?=4¬‰@9=BIV@Ag9b pSFLFLl”gm`GbLFHoGj?@AiTµ]Žœ@9jB@•pSK:pS’A@9o s\l MB`G@xC‰pSgvM¡MW`GpOM_MB`G@jB;SsJ;SM
pSSg EQiG;*ŽRFH@9oGcd@9o˜MW`Y@AbHj7IYjB@A=?@AiGg9@rs\lNsGFL;*ŽRbHiGc bLMB=7`G;dj?i{–TpSiGo(jB@9IJ@ApOMW@9oGFLl¡=?MW@9IGIV@AoxbLi(bLMW=Žœp“ldˆ
/('
+-,¡96 3 U<. 7…68A0U, V0 U [ 5R6/8 q3 %0(5 7h5“8 7y6/8A0U,
ŠŒi˜MB`G@…IGjB@vfwbL;d>G=h=B@9g9MWbL;di(Žœ@yoGbH=?gA>G=?=B@Ao˜MW`G@…bHi\MW@9cdjWp[MWbH;SiN;SC/FL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;di¡bLi˜=?bLMB>qpOMWbL;diG=ŽR`G@9ixMW`Y@
IV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si_;SC™MB`G@tjB;SsJ;SMœbH=>GiG'b NQ>G@9FLl:oG@9MB@Aj?K:bLiG@Ao{ˆŠŒiN=?>Ggm`(g“pS=?@A=9–YMW`G@ŸIGpS=B=?bLfd@kfd@Aj?=BbL;di(;SC-IJ;S=BbLMBbH;di
IGj?;dsqpSsGbLFHb—MŒl€cdjBbLoG=„bL=/pSsGFL@œMW;@ UgAbL@Ai\MWF—lyMBjWpSSg E…MW`G@IV;d=?bLMWbL;dir;OCqMW`G@j?;dsV;SM1pS=/b—M„IV@AjDCE;djBKU=„b—MW=„MWpSM= EQ=9ˆ
ž=…iG;SMB@AopOsJ;*fd@O–„IqpO=B=Bb—fd@:FH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;SioG;Z@A=…iG;SMygm`qpSiGcd@UMW`G@UgA;Si Cqcd>GjBpOMWbL;di›;SCœMB`G@_j?;dsJ;OMrpOiGo
MW`Q>G=bLMB=bLiQMB@AcdjBpOMWbL;di€bHi\MW;kjB;dsV;SM<gA;SiQMBjB;dFZbH=<=?MBjWpSbLcd`\MBCE;djDŽpOjBo{ˆƒk;*Ž@9fd@9jA–dŽ@œ=?`G;*Žœ@9oUbLiX²œ`GpSIYMW@9j„~G–
MW`GpOMŸMW`G@]IGpS=B=?bLfd@ IqpOjWpSoGbLcdKg“pSi›sJ@]@£uZMWjB@9K:@9FLlxbHiG@ :g9bH@9iQM…b—CMW`G@ IV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si;SC‹MW`G@]j?;dsJ;OM€bH=tiG;OM
EQiG;*ŽRi{ˆŠŒi =B>Ggm`:=Bb—MW>qpOMBbH;diY=A–\pSgvMWb—fd@AF—lXg9;di\MWjB;SFHFHbLiGckMB`G@RjB;dsV;SM=?;…pS=MW;ŸsV@A=?M‹FL;wgApSFHbL’A@œb—Mg“pOiUoYjWpS=DMWb—‘
g“pOFHFLl_bHKUIGjB;*fS@€MB`G@…@ UgAbL@AiGgvl(;SC/IV;d=Bb—MWbL;di(@A=?MBbHK:pOMWbL;di{<ˆ khiYCE;dj?MB>GiqpOMB@AF—ld–TpSgvMWbLfS@yFL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;di:K_p“l
bHi\MB@Aj?CE@9jB@7ŽRbLMB`]MW`G@RjB;SsJ;S8M Bz=IYjBbHK:pSjDlyMWpSM= EQ=Aˆš7`Y@AjB@vCE;djB@O–ZMB`G@7MmpSF= EXIGFHpSiGiG@9j`qpS=MW;€=?lZiGgm`YjB;diGbL’A@kFH;O‘
g“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;di ŽRbLMW`:MW`G@t;OMW`G@9jpSgvMWbH;SiG=Aˆ/ŠŒiN;S>GjpSIYIGjB;\pOgm`{–YMW`Y@t`GbHcS`w‘ŒFL@9fd@9FTgA;di\MWj?;dFP=DlZ=?MW@9K¥pSgm`YbH@9fZbLiGc
ѓ¿D¿ÉAÁ¾Á¾Ä mיי×Ó ½?ÈDÓ »¶¹¶Â HÌSºv¹[¹QÓ Ê¶¿ ?¼¾É[Âz¹¶º BÁÀºv»¶¼ÀÎv»¶Â Ê*¿
!
#"
$&%
'
(
O~
!#"$%'&(')*,+-.$
MW`YbH=…bHi\MW@9cdjWpOMBbH;di›bH=…bHKUIGFL@AKU@Ai\MW@9o$bHi$†DG ¬‰†h@ApSg9MBbLfd@ GF pSi <pOiGcd>qpScS@*µv–/p˜iG;SMWpOMWbL;di•CE;djy=?IJ@9gAb ‘
C§lZbHiGc !#"$&%[ˆ…‚Y† G1=ŸIYjB;*fZbHoG@]p¡KU@“pOiG=MW;N=DlZiGgm`GjB;SiGbH’9@]gA;diGg9>GjBj?@Ai\M
pSgvMWbLfZb—MWbH@9=A–dKU;diGb—MW;dj/pS=BIV@AgvMW=‹;SCJMB`G@RjB;dsV;SM‹pSiYoUb—MW=1@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\M“–QFL;wgApSFHF—lyj?@Ag9;¶fS@Aj1CEjB;dK @vuw@Ag9>YMWbL;di
C‰pSbLFH>Gj?@A=A–wpSiGop“fd;SbHoN=B@9iGoGbLiGc bHiGg9;diG=BbL=?MB@Ai\M7gA;SK:K:pSiGoG=MW;]=B@9iG=B;SjB=hpSiGoN@ jP@9g9MW;SjB=y¬‰=?@A@U­®¯¯7² Ÿ\‡w
¯¯ €²S±Y/^g Ÿ ^˜g ŸJ g[´ µvˆŠŒi%MW`GbL=yg9;di\MWj?;dF=DlZ=?MW@9K Ž@¡oGbL=?MWbLiGcd>GbL=B`$pSg9MBbH;diG=…IV@Aj?CE;SjBKU@AoMB;
pSgm`GbL@9fS@rMW`G@yjB;dsV;S8M Bz=kIGjBbLK_pSjDlNMmpSF= EQ=ŸpSiGo4pOg9MWbL;diG=RCE;djRMW`G@XIY>GjBIV;d=B@y;SC1FH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;di{ˆŠŒi;djBoY@AjkMB;
KUbHiGbLK:bL’A@/MW`Y@bHKUIqpSgvM;OCTIJ;d=?bLMBbH;di…@A=DMWbHK:pOMBbH;di…;dirMB`G@K:pSbHi…MmpSF= EZ=„;SCVpkKU;dsGbLFH@1jB;dsV;SMA–OŽ@7IGjB;dIV;d=?@
prg9;di\MWjB;SFPIqpSjBpSoGbLcdKMW`qpOMœg“pS>Y=B@A=7MB`G@tjB;SsJ;SMMW;X@£uw`GbHsGb—MœMB`G@tsV@A`qp“fZbH;djM= EO@9MWgm`Y@AoxbLi_MW`Y@CE;dFHFL;*ŽRbHiGc
MmpOsGFH@Oˆ
g
'
'
'
'
'
§¬ MmpS=FEQ=hiY;SM CqiGbH=?`G@Aoqµ
[ ¬§MW`G@€jB;SsJ;SM EQiG;*ŽR=hbLMB=7IJ;d=?bLMBbH;diN=?>UgAbH@9i\MWFLl_Žœ@9FHF§µ
MB`G@€IJ;S=BbLMBbH;diNbL=MWjBpSgSES@9o()+*:ŽR`YbHFH@tMB`G@€jB;dsV;SM7IV@AjDCE;djBKU=7bLMB=MmpS=FEQ=
iYZ]^i
bLi\MW@Aj?jB>GIwMhMWpSM= E_@vuw@Ag9>YMWbL;di
¬EjB@£‘DµFH;Zg“pSFLbH’9@kMW`Y@…j?;dsV;S,M +*
g9;di\MWbLiZ>Y@…MWpSM= E¡@£uw@AgA>wMWbH;Si
[ZY i
i_$e
i _ e
[ZY i
.-
š pSs{ˆTªYˆ ˆŠŒi\MW@9cdjWp[MWbH;Si;OC/pSgvMWb—fd@€FH;Zg“pSFLbH’ApOMWbL;di_bLiQMB;]MW`G@€gA;SiQMBjB;dF™=DlZ=?MW@9K˜ˆ
A `G@AiY@9fd@9jMW`Y@…j?;dsV;SMhFH;d=?@A=7MWjBpSgSEN;SC/b—MW=7IV;d=Bb—MWbL;di!/A–GMB`G@…IGjBbLK_pSjDl_MWpS=MEQ=kpSjB@€bHi\MB@AjBj?>GIYMB@AopOiGo
gA;SiQMBjB;dFYbH=`qpSiYoG@Ao ;*fd@9j1MB;ŸMW`G@RpSgvMWb—fd@RFH;Zg“pSFLbH’ApOMWbL;di€K:;ZoG>GFL@oG@A=?gAj?bHsV@AoUbHiU²œ`qpSIwMW@Aj~Yˆ/š;…pSgm`YbH@9fS@
K:p[uwbHK:pSFQ=WpOCE@vMŒlXoG>Gj?bHiGctMB`G@7IGj?;wg9@A=B=;OCPpOg9MWb—fd@7FL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;di{–*>YiGgA@9j?MmpObHi\MŒlXbLiXMW`G@7j?;dsJ;O(M B}=/IJ;S=BbLMBbH;di
bH=„gA;diG=?bHoG@9jB@9o:bLiXMŒŽœ;ŸŽœp*lZ=9ˆ1³„bHj?=?M“–OMW`G@7Iqp[MW` IGF pOiGiG@Aj>Y=B@A=‹pSi];ZgAg9>GIqpSiYg9l]K:pSIXŽR`GbLgm`Uj?@AIGj?@A=?@Ai\MW=
MW`Y@›IV;d=?bLMWbL;di ;SCy;dsG=DMmpSg9FH@9=N>GiGoG@9jg9;diG=?bHoG@9jWpOMBbH;din;SC…MW`Y@›g9>GjBj?@Ai\M>GiGg9@Aj?MWpSbHi\MŒlnbLinMW`G@4j?;dsJ;O(M B}=
IV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si ¬‰=?@A@(@Sˆ}cGˆ³„bLcd>Gj?@¡~Gˆz±”¬¾p\µXpSiYo”³„bHcd>YjB@¡~Gˆ ¬‰p\µyCE;djX=?>Ggm` K:pSIG=Wµvˆ%‚w@Ag9;diGo{–1Žœ@pSIYIGFLl
;d>Gjœ`QlZsGj?bHo(pSIYIGjB;\pOgm`(MB;XgA;SFHFHbL=BbL;di_p“fS;dbHoqpOiGgA@tMB;]=?MW@9@AjMB`G@tjB;SsJ;SMœoG>Gj?bHiGc pSgvMWb—fd@tiqp“fZbHcdpOMWbL;di{ˆ„žk=
oG@9=BgAj?bHsV@AoUbHi:²œ`qpSIwMW@Aj Iw–\MB`GbH=KU;woY>GFH@bL=1pSsGFL@MW;…p“fd;dbLoU;SsG=?MWpSgAFL@A=1iG;SM‹oG@vMW@AgvMmpSsYFH@Rs\lXMW`G@Rj?;dsJ;O(M B}=
=B@9iG=B;SjB=r@vfd@9i$ŽR`G@Ai›MW`G@ IV;d=Bb—MWbL;di•;SCMB`G@UjB;dsV;SM€bH=€iG;OMy>YiG'b NQ>G@9FLl4oG@vMW@9jBKUbHiG@9o{ˆ:žk=y=?;w;Si$pS=€MW`Y@
jB;SsJ;SMRbL=7jB@9FH;Zg“pSFLbH’A@9o{–Yb—M7gA;SiQMBbHiQ>G@9=hMB;U@£uw@AgA>wMW@rb—MW=7IGj?bHK:pSj?lUMmpOM= EQ=Aˆ
ži¦bHKUIJ;djDMmpSi\M(IGj?@Ag9;diGoGb—MWbH;SiCE;dj;d>Gj(bLiQMB@AcdjBpOMWbL;di =Bgm`G@9K:@bH=(MW`qp[MMB`G@$j?;dsV;SMbH=pSsGFL@•MB;
bHi\MB@AjBj?>GIYMbLMW=hIGj?bHK:pSj?l(pOg9MWbL;diG=kpS==?;w;Si4pS=b—MW=hIJ;S=BbLMBbH;dibH=hFH;S=?M“ˆRš<;NpSgm`GbL@9fS@rKUbH=B=?bH;dibHi\MB@AjBj?>GIYMD‘
pSsGbLFHb—MŒl¡pSiYoxgA;SiQMBbHiQ>qpOMBbH;diP–GIGjBbLK_pOj?lNpOg9MWbL;diG=RbHiYgAFH>YoG@€=BIV@AgA*b Cqg“p[MWbH;SiG=R;SCR¬E=B>Gsw‘©µ?pSgvMWbL;diG=7MW`qp[Mk`Gp*fS@
Á¾É[¿/0DÁ¾¸§É¶¹7¼Àºv¿?»¶È¾É¶¼VºvÂzÅÝÊkĶº£ÅÆËq¿DÃØ¶Ó ¿DÙ¶¹AÓ ÁeÇmÁ¾Âƺv¹7×P¿<Ê*¿DÁ¾¿B½ŒÁJȾ»[½eÉRÇȾÂ}ÁÀ»[ÇmÁÀÂzº92¹ 1vÂzË\Á¾É¶¿<Ķ¼¾º9Ì[Ç£Ì[ÂzÅÆÂ}ÁE͏º£ËSÁ¾É¶¿ÎvÅƺvÌ[ÇvÅ*Ã7ÇmÏ*ÂzÏ»¶Ã˗ǣÅÆÅÆÈqÌS¿DÅƺm×
U
gKI
MW;sV@4IV@Aj?CE;SjBKU@Ao ŽR`G@9iG@9fS@Aj(MW`G@4IGj?bHK:pSj?l pSgvMWbL;diG=NpSj?@bHi\MB@AjBj?>GIYMB@AopSiGonŽR`G@9iG@9fS@Aj(MW`G@vlnpSj?@
gA;SiQMBbHiQ>G@9oxpOC§MB@Aj7=?>Ggm`pSi(bLiQMB@Aj?jB>GIYMBbH;diPˆ1³T;Sj@vuYpSKUIGFH@O–YMW`Y@…iGp*fZbLc\pOMWbL;diNIGj?;wg9@A=B=9–qjB@9=BIV;diG=BbLsGFH@tCE;Sj
gA;SK:IG>wMWbHiYc(MB`G@UiG@vuZM…MmpSj?cd@9M…IV;dbHi\MW=…pSiYo$KU;diGbLMB;djBbLiGc_MB`G@:IYjB;dcdj?@A=?=…MB;¶ŽœpSj?oG=yMB`G@:cSbLfd@9i›MWpSjBcS@9M“–
cd@9iG@AjBpOMW@9=NpiG@vŽIGF pSi”ŽR`G@9iG@9fS@Aj(bLMUbH=UjB@ApSg9MBbLfOpOMB@AonpOC§MB@Aj:p$jB@9FH;Zg“pSFLbH’ApOMWbL;di%;SCŸMB`G@xj?;dsJ;OM“ˆ ŠŒi
MW`Y@riG@£uwM=B@9g9MWbL;dixŽ@rŽRbHFLF™IGjB@9=B@9iQMŸpSi@vuwIV@Aj?bHKU@Ai\MŽR`GbLgm`bHFLFH>G=DMWjBpOMW@9=RMB`GbH=hbHi\MB@AcdjBpOMWbL;di˜;OC1pSg9MBbLfS@
FH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;di_bLi\MW;]jB;SsJ;SMRg9;di\MWj?;dFÀˆ
/('
3t.‹88 e 3Ÿ,¡Z
6c
š<;UoY@AKU;diG=?MBjWpOMB@tMW`G@€gApSIqpSsGbLFHb—MWbH@9=;OC„;d>YjRpSIGIGj?;\pSgm`NŽœ@€IV@AjDCE;djBKU@Ao(=B@vfd@9jWpSF™@£uYIV@Aj?bHKU@Ai\MW=7ŽRb—MW`GbLi
MW`Y@‹g9;di\MW@£uwM„;SCYpSiy; :g9@oY@AFHb—fd@9j?lŸj?;dsJ;OM-bHi€;d>Gj-; UgA@‹@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\M“ˆŠŒirpOFHFSMB`G@A=?@@£uYIV@Aj?bHKU@Ai\MW=-MW`Y@
MmpOM= E ;SC{MB`G@j?;dsJ;OMŽœpS=MB;rj?@“pSgm`Np…FH;Zg“pOMBbH;diUbHi CEjB;SiQMœ;SC-p…=B`G@9FLC™bLi_;diG@hjB;Z;dK;SC{;d>Gj‹oG@AIqpOj?MWKU@Ai\MAˆ
ŠŒiN;dj?oG@Aj‹MW;rCE;dj?gA@hMW`G@tFL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;di]KU;ZoG>GFH@RMW;yFH;d=?@kMBjWpSSg EU;SC™MW`Y@tjB;dsV;S8M Bz=IJ;d=?bLMBbH;di{–\Ž@tK:pSiQ>qpSFHF—l
jB;OMmpOMB@Ao(MW`G@…jB;dsV;SMRs\lpSsV;d>YM‡ ]oG@9cdjB@9@A==?`G;djDMWFLlNpOC§MW@9jh=DMmpSjDMWbLiGc bLMW=RKUbH=?=BbH;Si{ˆ1³„bHcS>GjB@…ªYˆ IX=B`G;*ŽR=
MW`Y@bHiYbLMWbHpSFq`GbLcd`w‘ŒFL@9fS@AFTiqp“fZbHc\pOMBbH;diUIGFHpSi_cd@9iG@AjBpOMW@9oNs\l:MB`G@=DMWjB>Yg9MW>YjB@Ao(j?@“pSgvMWbLfS@g9;di\MWjB;SFHFH@9jœp[MœMW`Y@
sV@AcdbLiGiGbHiYc;SCk=B>Ggm` pSi@vuwIV@Aj?bHKU@Ai\M“ˆ ƒh@Aj?@S–1MW`G@Nj?;dsJ;OM]=?MWpSj?MB=:p[M]FH;Zg“pOMBbH;di ˜pSiYo”MB`G@¡MmpOjBcd@vM
4
3
B
2
1
corridor
room
doorway
9<@*+1 H5C C!H5@ 254+1), J,.C! 5, %(FX%1225+
FH;Zg“p[MWbH;Si%bH=]FHpSsJ@9FH@9o Tˆ”š7`G@(IGFHpSi”=BIV@AgAb*Cq@A=UbHi”oG@vMmpSbLFœŽR`G@9i pSiGo”`G;*Ž¥MB`G@(jB;dsV;SM bL=XMW;›pSoqpSIwM
bLMB=:MBjWp“fd@9FtK:;ZoG@9=¡pS=¡b—M_CE;dFLFH;*ŽR= MW`G@iGp*fZbLc\pOMWbL;di IGpOMW`{ˆ ŠŒinK:pSi\l bHiGoG;Z;djU@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\MW=Nb—M_bL=
pSoYfOpSi\MWpScd@A;S>G=yMB;pSoqpOIYMyMB`G@_oYjBbLfZbLiGc˜=DMWjBpOMW@9cSl•MW;˜MB`G@_=?>GjBj?;d>GiGoYbHiGcd= XMW;˜oGjBb—fd@Ug“pSj?@9CE>GFLFLl ¬¾pOiGo
MW`Y@AjB@vCE;djB@:=BFL;¶ŽRF—lYµ€ŽRbLMB`GbHi›; UgA@9=A–/MB;x=?ŽRb—MWgm`K; j”MB`G@¡=B;SiqpSjB=…ŽR`G@AioYjBbLfZbLiGcMB`GjB;S>Gcd`%oG;Z;djDŽp“lZ=
¬EMB;rp“fS;dbHoUgAj?;d=B=DMmpSPF EXsJ@vMŒŽœ@9@Ai_MB`G@h=B;diqpOjB=mµ£–YpOiGoUMB;yoYjBbLfS@ NZ>YbHSg EQFLl bLi MB`G@h`qpSFHF—Žp“lZ=Aˆ„š7`G@koYPb jJ@AjB@9i\M
MWjBp“fd@AFQKU;woY@A= ?; UgA@O– D`qpSFHF—Žp“lS– pSiGo ?oG;Z;dj?Žœp“l kpSj?@‹oY@AIGbLg9MW@9oyMB`GjB;d>Ycd`yj?@AcdbL;diG=™ŽRbLMB`yoYPb jJ@AjB@9i\M
MW@£uZMW>Gj?@A=A!ˆ A `G@AiG@vfd@9j<MB`G@1jB;dsV;SM™g9jB;d=?=B@A=-MW`Y@‹sV;d>GiYoqpSjBbL@A=™sV@9MŒŽ@A@9irjB@9cdbH;SiG={MW`G@‹pSIYIGjB;dIYjBb p[MW@„MBjWp“fd@9F
KU;woG@ŸbL=7=B@vMkbLi(;d>Gj7gA;SFHFHbL=BbL;diNp“fd;dbLoqpSiGg9@€K:;ZoG>GFL@Sˆ
!
Sª
g
!#"$%'&(')*,+-.$
w‚ `G;djDMWF—l…pOC§MW@9j<=DMmpSjDMWbLiGchMB`G@‹@vuw@Ag9>YMWbL;dir;SCYMW`G@‹iqp“fZbHc\pOMBbH;di€IGFHpSi€Žœ@‹K_pOiZ>GpSFHF—lMW>YjBiG@9orMW`G@‹jB;SsJ;SM
s\l:‡1MW;€MW`G@RjBbLcd`\M“ˆ/žhC§MW@9j1MB`GbH=MB>GjBiUMW`G@RjB;SsJ;SM1ŽœpS=1C‰pSgAbLiGcŸŽœ@9=?MœŽR`YbHFH@7MB`G@kIV;d=?bLMWbL;di]@A=DMWbLK_pOMBbH;di
pS=]Ž@AFHFpS=]MW`G@(IqpOMB`”IGF pSiYiG@Aj pS=?=B>GKU@AoaMW`G@Nj?;dsV;SM]MW;4C‰pSg9@=?;d>YMB`w‘Œ=?;d>YMW`Z‘eŽ@A=?MAˆ ²œ;SiG=B@ NZ>Y@Ai\MWF—l
MW`Y@XIqpOMB`4IGF pSiYiG@AjtcS@AiG@9jWpOMB@Ao4MmpSj?cd@9MIJ;SbHi\MW=ŽR`YbHgm`4g“pO>G=B@9o•MB`G@]jB;SsJ;SMkMW;_MB>GjBi4j?bHcd`\M€pOiGo4K:;*fS@
=?MBjWpSbLcd`\M“ˆ‹‚w`Y;dj?MBFLlNp[C§MW@Aj7MB`qpOM“–G†kƒhŠ©|t¤ Bz=hjB@ApSg9MBbLfS@…g9;dFHFLbH=?bH;diNp“fS;dbHoqpOiGgA@ŸMW>YjBiG@9oMB`G@€jB;dsV;SM7MW; MW`Y@
FH@vC§MXsV@AgApS>G=B@(;SCRMB`G@¡iG;djDMW`G@9jBiŽœpSFHF;SCRMW`G@Ng9;djBj?bHoG;dj9)ˆ A `GbHFL@:MB`G@N=B;dFLbHo%FLbHiG@:bHi³bHcd>Gj?@NªYˆzª¬¾pdµ
=B`Y;¶ŽR=7MB`G@ŸjB@ApSFJMBjWop n?@9g9MW;Sj?l¡;OC<MB`G@ŸjB;SsJ;SMA–wMB`G@toqpS=?`G@AoFHbLiG@oY@AIGbLg9MW=MB`G@MBjWop n?@9g9MW;Sj?l¡@9=?MBbHK:pOMW@9oNsQl
MW`Y@:IV;d=Bb—MWbL;di•@A=?MBbHK:pOMWbL;di4KU;woG>YFH@¬‰iY;SMW@]MW`GpOMyMB`GbH=€KU;woY>GFH@]oGbLoGi B®M…jB@“pOFHbH’9@XMW`G@UK:pSiQ>qpSFgm`qpSiYcd@
bHix;djBbL@Ai\MmpOMBbH;diqµvˆtžMtMB`G@X@9iGo•;SCMW`GbL=tIqpOMB`MW`G@XpSgAg9>GKX>GFHpOMW@9ooGbH=?gAj?@AIqpSiYgAbH@9=ŸsJ@vMŒŽœ@9@Ai›@vuwIV@Ag9MB@Ao
pSiGoK:@ApS=B>YjB@Ao=B@9iG=B;djyjB@ApSoGbHiYcd=yj?@AoG>YgA@AoMW`G@UgA;di CqoG@AiYgA@¡bLi›MB`G@:IV;d=?bLMWbL;di•;SCœMB`G@UjB;dsV;SM…sJ@9FH;*Ž
MW`Y@…cSbLfd@9iMB`GjB@9=B`G;SFHo{ˆ
H"+1)K254+1), (% 225+ H , 4 25%1, H5'/+1 5,7C2j' H5C!.H"+12A@KH5@J J*0% !@ !@*+1!H5C .H"+12A@X254+1)*,
,.C!, 4dD1+1H"+-, H"+ +1), , A!@@*!@254H5'/+1 5,
C2j' H5C!.H"+12A@ A
B
! H $
6:8&9 ;3=
G 2 5 ,.D:!@B+-2 %122AG
4 25% J* D1H5G A0*H"+12A@XH5@*J
+1H"%15, + C2j' H"+1 2A@U
'/2A@B+1!@0,.D +-2@*H !AH"+-,3+-2+1)*,
ž MkMB`qpOMRIV;dbHi\M7MB`G@yj?;dsV;SMRgA;di\MBjB;dF™=Dlw=DMW@9KbLi\MW@Aj?jB>GIwMW@AoMW`G@€iqp“fZbHcdpOMWbL;diNIGjB;ZgA@9=B=kpSiGo=?MWpSj?MB@Ao
MW`Y@pOg9MWb—fd@4FL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;diaK:;ZoG>GFL@Sˆ ŠŒiMB`GbH=N@£uYIV@Aj?bHKU@Ai\MNMW`Y@pOg9MWb—fd@4FL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;diaK:;ZoG>GFL@xŽœpS=
S‡
IqpSjBpSKU@9MW@9jBbL’A@AoŸMB;7jB@AbLiGbLMBb pSFLbH’9@<MB`G@sJ@9FHbL@9CZ=?MWpOMW@;diYgA@MW`G@IV;d=?bLMWbL;ditbL=™FH;d=DM*ˆ<š7`G@1jB@9=B>GF—MWbHiYc7>GiGbLCE;SjBK
oGbL=?MWj?bHsG>wMWbH;Si˜;*fd@9j€pSFHF-IV;d=B=?bHsGFL@rIV;d=Bb—MWbL;diG=hbHixMB`G@r@9iQfZbLjB;diGKU@Ai\MŸbL==?`G;*ŽRi›bLi³„bLcd>Gj?@XªYˆzª¬EsTµvˆtžk=
oGbL=BgA>Y=B=B@9obLi›²œ`qpSIYMB@Aj€~G–™pOg9MWb—fd@]FL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;di(=?MWpSj?MB=tŽRbLMB`›jBpSiGoG;SKKU;SMWbL;dibLi4;djBoG@9jMW;(j?@AoG>Gg9@
MW`Y@r=?MWpOMW@y=BIqpOgA@rMB;_=B@vfd@9jWpSFFH;Zg“pSF™K:p[uwbHK:pYˆ7³„bLcd>Gj?@rªYˆzª¬EsTµh=?`G;*ŽR=MW`Y@rIqpOMB`x;SC„MW`G@yjB;dsV;SMk>Gi\MWbHF
MW`Y@rsV@AFHbL@9CbL=kj?@AoG>YgA@Ao4MB; _FL;wgApSF™K:p[uwbHK:pYˆ7žMtMW`YbH=hIJ;dbLi\MbLi˜MWbLK:@O–VMB`G@rIV;d=?bLMWbL;diG=kpOMhMW`G@…Žœ@9=?M
@AiYo ;SChMW`Y@g9;djBj?bHoG;SjXC‰pSgAbLiGc4@“pS=DM:pSiGo”MW`G@(@“pO=?MU@AiGo”C‰pSg9bHiGcŽ@A=DM:Ž@Aj?@MB`G@(K:;d=DM FHPb ES@AF—l$;SiG@A=9ˆ
š7`G@kgA;dj?jB@A=?IJ;SiGoGbHiYcrsV@AFHbL@9CJbH=‹oG@AIYbHg9MB@Ao:bHiq³„bLcd>Gj?@RªYˆ ‡:¬¾p\µ£ˆ/š<;roGbL=WpSKXsYbHcd>qp[MW@MW`Y@hMŒŽ;XKU;d=?M‹FHPb ES@9FLl
IV;d=Bb—MWbH;SiG=A–QpSgvMWb—fd@FL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;diroG@Ag9bHoG@9o:MW;ycd>GbLoG@h†kƒhŠ©|t¤ bHi\MB;…MB`G@iG@£uZMjB;Z;dK MB;rb—MW=1FH@vC§Mt¬E@Ab—MW`G@9j
jB;Z;dK ²”;Sj €µvˆOš7`GbH=/MWpSjBcS@9MFL;wgApOMWbL;diyŽœpS=gm`G;d=?@AiUsJ@9g“pS>Y=B@RbLM„bH=/g9FH;d=?@œMW;tMB`G@7jB;dsV;SM1pOiGo]@vuwIV@Ag9MB@Ao
MW; K:p[uwbHK:pSFHF—l]jB@9oG>Gg9@€MB`G@Ÿ>GiGg9@AjDMmpSbLiQMŒl¡;SCMB`G@ŸIV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si¡@A=DMWbHK:pOMBbH;di{ˆŠŒiMB`GbH=œIqpSj?MBbHg9>GF pSjjB>Gi(MW`Y@
gA;SjBjB@9=BIV;diGoGbLiGcxiGp*fZbLc\pOMWbL;di•pSgvMWbH;SiFL@“pSo†kƒhŠ©|t¤bLiQMB;˜j?;w;SK ²–™ŽR`G@Aj?@_bHi4C‰pSgvMXpOFHFpSKrsGbHcd>YbLMWbL@A=
gA;S>GFHo(sV@…j?@A=?;dFLfS@Ao{ˆ1š7`G@…gA;dj?jB@9=BIV;diGoGbLiGc sJ@9FHbH@vC<bH=RoG@AIYbHg9MB@AobHi³„bLcd>GjB@tªYˆ ‡(¬EsTµvˆ
HT "
RS
g
'
5
4
3
corridor
room
doorway
2
1
!$C!H5@ 254+1), J,.C! 5, %(FL%1225+ H"4T+-, %&D10*' '/,.D(D-4T0CU%1,.C2j' H5C!.H"+12A@ kž C§MB@Ajœ=?>GgAg9@A=?=?CE>GF™j?@AFH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;di{–SMB`G@g9;di\MWj?;dFJŽœpS=œcSbLfd@9iNsqpSgSE MW;…MW`G@tiGp*fZbLc\pOMWbL;di MmpS=FE ŽR`YbHgm`
cd@9iG@AjBpOMW@9o(pyiG@vŽ¦iGp*fZbLc\pOMWbL;diUIGF pSiUMW;yjB;Z;dK ¯ ¬‰=?@A@t³bHcd>Gj?@ªwˆÆ±\µ£ˆ³„bLcd>GjB@kªYˆÆ‡_¬EsTµpSFL=B;y=B`G;*ŽR=MW`Y@
gA;SK:IGFL@9MB@tMWjWp n?@Ag9MB;dj?l_MmpKEO@Aixs\l¡MB`G@€jB;dsV;SMRoG>YjBbHiYc MB`GbH=7@£uwIJ@9jBbHKU@Ai\MAˆ
(' 8(c/5h3cQc/8A0U,
ŠŒi$MB`GbH=…gm`qpSIYMB@AjrŽ@¡bLiQMBjB;ZoG>Gg9@Ao$;S>GjrbLiQMB@AcdjBpOMWbL;di›;SCRpSgvMWbLfS@_FL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;di4bLiQMB;x`GbLcd`w‘eFH@9fS@AF1jB;SsJ;SM
gA;SiQMBjB;dFT=Dlw=DMW@9K:=9ˆš7`G@kIYjBbHiYgAbHIYFH@7;SCJMW`GbL=1pSIGIGj?;\pSgm`_bL=MW;…IqpS=B=?bLfS@AFLl]MBjWpSSg EXMB`G@RjB;dsV;S8M Bz=1IV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si:pO=
bLM1IV@AjDCE;djBKU=1bLMB=/MmpSF= EZ=9ˆŠŒi:MB`G@kiY;djBK:pSFG;dIV@AjBpOMWbL;diqpSFwK:;ZoG@O–QMB`G@RIJ;S=BbLMBbH;di ;SCJMW`G@Rj?;dsJ;OMbL=1pS=B=?>GKU@Ao
MW;€sV@ EZiY;¶ŽRi:>GiGPb NZ>Y@AFLlS–dŽR`GbHgm`UK:Kp ES@9=‹@9=BIV@Ag9b pSFLFLlXIYF pSiGiYbHiGcŸKU;djB@œ@ UgAbL@Ai\M“ˆš7`G@Rg9@Aj?MWpSbHi\MŒl ;SCVMW`Y@
¸§¹tܺAÈEÁ-½?ÇvȾ¿?È{ºvÌOȉ¿?¼ 9¿?ÊRÂƹkÁ¾É¶Â È-ȾÄO¿B½©Â O½ “Âz¹[ʐºvËw¿©Ï*ÄS¿D¼ÀÂzÝ¿?¹9ÁeÈPÁ¾É¶Â È{ÁÀ»¶¼¾¹[¿?ʐºv»*Á{ÁÀºÈ¾ÄS¿D¿?ʐ»¶ÄÁÀɶ¿Ä¶¼Àº“½D¿?ÈÀÈPº£Ë
¼À¿ Åzº*½DÇvÅzÂ?Ç£Á¾Âƺv¹QÓ
/ S/
"
S±
!#"$%'&(')*,+-.$
IV;d=Bb—MWbH;SiN@A=?MBbHK:pOMWbL;di(bH=7g9;di\MWbHiQ>G;S>G=BF—l(K:;diYbLMW;SjB@AopSiYoxpSgvMWb—fd@…FH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;Si_bH=RbLiQfS;ES@9o˜ŽR`G@9iG@9fS@Aj
MW`Y@y>GiYgA@AjDMmpSbLi\MŒl(cdjB;*ŽR=RMW;Z;:FHpSjBcd@Oˆš<;UjB@“pOFHbH’9@ŸMW`GbL=kpOIGIGjB;dpSgm`{–VpSg9MBbLfS@yFL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;di:bH=7MWj?@“pOMB@AopO=
pSi (ŽR`YbHgm`4IV;d=B=?bHsGF—l˜bLi\MW@AjDCE@Aj?@A=ŽRb—MW`;SMB`G@AjpSg9MBbH;diY=;SCMB`G@XjB;SsJ;SMAˆš7`Q>G=9–{MW;¡@9iG=B>Gj?@XMW`qp[M
MW`Y@jB;dsV;SMgApSi]jB@9FHbHpSsGFLl€gApSjBjDlr;S>YMbLMB=„MmpOM= EQ=A–dMB`G@7`GbHcS`w‘ŒFL@9fd@9Fwj?;d>YMBbHiG@9=pSjB@œbHKUIGFH@9K:@9iQMB@AoX=?>Ggm`]MW`qp[M
MW`Y@9lXIYjB;*fZbHoG@7ptKU@“pOiG=„CE;dj/`GpSiGoGFLbHiGckbHi\MW@9jBjB>YIYMW=1pSiYo]gA;di\MWbLiQ>GbHiGc=B>Gg9gA@A=?=?CE>GFLFLl p[C§MW@Aj„jB@“pOg9MWb—fOpOMWbL;di{ˆ
A bLMB`MB`GbH=7bLiQMB@AcdjBpOMWbL;di(=Bgm`G@9K:@O–qŽœ@…@vuwIGFL;dbLM7MB`G@…CE;SFHFH;*ŽRbLiGc]pSsGbLFHb—MWbH@9=œ;SC„;d>Gj7@£uwMB@AiGoY@AobLK:IGFL@v‘
KU@Ai\MmpOMBbH;di;OCtIV;d=Bb—MWbH;SiIGjB;dsGpSsGbHFLbLMŒl›cdj?bHoG=9ˆš7`G@9l pSj?@(pSsGFH@›¬ µrMW;•@ Ug9bH@Ai\MBFLl”pSiYo pSg9gA>GjBpOMW@9FLl
MWjBpSSg E]MW`G@hjB;SsJ;S8M Bz=‹IV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si{–V¬ gdµ„MB;roG@vMW@AgvM=?bLMW>GpOMWbL;diG=1bHi ŽR`GbHgm`:MW`G@RMWjBpSSg EQbHiGcy`qpS=1C‰pSbHFL@Ao{–QpSiYo4¬¾«dµ
MW;˜pSgvMWbLfS@AF—l4jB@9FH;Zg“pSFLbH’A@yMW`G@ jB;SsJ;SM€bLi›MB`G@ g“pS=?@:;OC=B>Ygm`%pNC‰pSbHFL>GjB@Oˆ]žFHF/MB`G@A=?@UCE@ApOMW>YjB@A=ypSj?@UsGpS=BbLg
IGj?@AgA;SiGoGbLMBbH;diY=MW; @A=DMmpSsGFLbH=?`KU;dsGbLFH@tj?;dsV;SMW=ŽRb—MW`pU`YbHcd`NoG@9cdjB@9@y;OC/pS>wMW;diG;SKrldˆ
ŠŒi ;d>Gj:@vuwIV@AjBbL@AiGg9@xMW`Y@AjB@˜`qp“fd@`GpSjBoGF—l”sJ@9@Ai pSi\lag“pO=B@A=_bHi ŽR`YbHgm` MB`G@xj?;dsJ;OM_`qpO=_FH;S=?MUbLMB=
IV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si€ŽR`Y@AiX>G=?bHiGch;d>Gj-IqpO=B=Bb—fd@FH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;SitK:@vMW`G;Zo{ˆ<š7`Q>G=A–SMB`G@‹@vuwIJ@9g9MB@Ao]p“fd@9jWpScS@MWbLK:@g9;d=?MB=
CE;dj1FH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;di]pSj?@R@vuZMWj?@AKU@AFLl FL;*Ž€ˆ³q>Gj?MB`G@Aj?K:;dj?@S–\MW`Y@hMBbHKU@7=BIV@Ai\M;diUFH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;diXbL=‹cS@AiG@9jWpSFLFLl
;d>YMŒŽ@AbLcd`G@9ors\lŸMW`G@1IV@AjDCE;djBK:pSiGg9@‹cdpSbHiŸj?@A=B>YFLMWbLiGc7CEjB;dK pSgAg9>GjWpOMB@AF—fl EQiG;*ŽRbHiGcRMW`G@‹jB;SsJ;S8M Bz=-IV;d=Bb—MWbL;di{ˆ
t@A=?IGbLMB@MW`G@9=B@7@9iGgA;d>YjWpScdbLiGc€jB@9=B>GF—MW=/MW`Y@AjB@RpOjB@7=B@vfd@9jWpSFGŽœpSjBjBpSi\MW=CE;dj„CE>wMW>Gj?@7jB@A=?@“pSj?gm`{ˆ‹¤ts\fwbL;d>G=?FLld–
MW`Y@U@ UgAbH@9iGg9l;SCMB`G@]=?lZ=DMW@AK gApSi›sJ@]bLK:IGj?;*fd@Ao•s\l•pSoGpSIYMWbLiGc¡MW`Y@UIV;d=?bLMWbL;dig9@Aj?MWpSbHi\MŒl4KU@“pO=B>Gj?@
pSg9gA;dj?oGbHiGcyMW;XMW`Y@tgA>Gj?jB@9iQM7MWpSM= EQ=9ˆ‹žk=7pSiN@£uGpOK:IGFL@S–wgA;diG=?bHoG@9jœMW`Y@t=Bb—MW>qpOMBbH;diUŽR`G@Aj?@tMW`G@jB;dsV;SM7`qpO=
MW;NMBjWpSiG=?IJ;Sj?M…pSi•;ds n?@9g9MypSiGo•oGbL=BIV;d=B@]b—M€pSi\lQŽR`G@Aj?@:bLi4MW`G@]`qpOFHFLŽœp“ldˆXŠŒi4MB`GbH=ŸgApS=B@ bLMt=B> UgA@9=…MB;
EQiG;*Ž MB`qpOM/MB`G@j?;dsJ;OM/bH=bHirMB`G@`qpOFHFLŽœp“ld–dsY>YM/MW`Y@@vuYpSgvM1FH;Zg“pOMBbH;di…bH=/iY;SM/iG@9@AoG@9o{ˆš<;ŸgA;dKUIJ@vMW@9iQMBFLl
`qpSiYoGFH@€=B>Ygm`IGjB;SsGFH@9K:=9–GMW`G@€gA;SiQMBjB;dF-=Dlw=DMW@9K`GpS=hMB;:IYjB@AoYbHg9MRMB`G@y@ jP@9g9Mk;SCIJ;d=?bLMBbH;di(>GiGg9@AjDMmpSbLiQMŒl
;di(bLMB=RgA;d>Gj?=B@€;SC„pSg9MBbH;dipSiYo˜j?@“pSgvMhpSIGIGj?;dIGjBbHpOMW@9FLlSˆ
g
'
ŠŒi MW`YbH=_oYbH=B=?@AjDMmpOMBbH;di Ž@•pSoGoYjB@A=?=B@9o=?@9fS@AjWpOF€pS=BIV@AgvMW=¡;SC…KU;dsGbLFH@(jB;dsV;SM_FH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;SisqpS=B@9o ;di
IV;d=Bb—MWbH;SiIYjB;dsqpOsGbHFLbLMŒl:cdjBbLoG=hpS=p iG;*fd@9F„pOIGIGjB;dpSgm`MB;:@9=?MBbHK:pOMWbLiGc]MW`G@…IJ;S=BbLMBbH;diN;OCp jB;dsV;SMhsqpS=?@Ao
;di4=?@AiG=?;djŸoqpOMWpYˆiG;d=?bLMWbL;di4IGj?;dsqpSsGbLFHb—MŒl(cdjBbLoG=tpSj?@ pSi4bHKUIGFL@AKU@Ai\MmpOMBbH;di;SC^xpOjMES;*f4FL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;diP–
ŽR`GbLgm`¡>G=B@9=7pycS@AiG@9jWpSFT=Bgm`Y@AKU@CE;dj‹=?Mmp[MW@h@A=?MBbHK:pOMWbL;di{ˆƒk@9jB@S–ZMW`G@k=?MWpOMW@k;SC{bLiQMB@Aj?@A=?MœbH=1MW`G@kIJ;S=BbLMBbH;di
;SCVMW`G@Rj?;dsJ;OMŽRbLMW`YbHi bLMB=@Ai\fZbHjB;SiGK:@9i\MœpOiGo:^xpSMj EO;*f FH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;SiXpSbLK:=p[M1jB@AIYjB@A=?@Ai\MWbLiGcXpOjBsGb—MWjWpOj?l
IGj?;dsqpSsGbLFHb—MŒlNoGbH=DMWj?bHsG>YMBbH;diY=k;*fd@9jtMW`GbL==DMmpOMB@Sˆtž ES@9lpSoYfOpSi\MmpOcd@X;SCMB`GbH=hMW@Agm`YiG'b NQ>G@XbL=kMB`qpOMtb—MtgApSi
jB@9IGjB@9=B@9iQM=Bb—MW>qp[MWbH;SiG=„bLiXŽR`GbHgm` MW`G@7IV;d=?bLMWbL;diX;SCJpŸjB;SsJ;SM/bH=/iG;OM1oG@9MB@AjBKUbHiY@Ao]>GiGPb NQ>G@AF—ldˆ/š7`G@9jB@vCE;djB@O–
^xpSFj ES;*f FH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;Sig“pSinFL;wgApSFHbL’A@NKU;dsGbHFL@(jB;dsV;SMW= )+*O–œbÀˆ}@Sˆ1ŽRbLMW`Y;d>YM EZiY;¶ŽRFL@AoGcS@;SCtMB`G@AbLj
bHiYbLMWbHpSFVIJ;d=?bLMBbH;di{ˆ
ŠŒi$g9;di\MWjWpO=?M€MW;(MW`G@ ;SMB`G@Aj€bLK:IGFL@AKU@Ai\Mmp[MWbH;SiG=;SC^xpSFj ES;*f›FH;Zg“pSFLbH’ApOMWbL;di{–VIJ;d=?bLMBbH;di4IGj?;dsqpSsYbHFHb—MŒl
cdj?bHoG=]>G=?@x)p CqiY@v‘ŒcSjWpSbLiG@Ao”cdj?bHow‘esqpS=B@9o”oGbH=?gAjB@vMWbL’“pOMBbH;di;SCkMW`G@(=DMmpOMB@=?IqpSg9@Sˆ t>G@¡MW;4MW`YbH= jB@9IGjB@£‘
=B@9i\MmpOMBbH;di{–;S>GjXbHKUIGFL@AKU@Ai\MmpOMBbH;di•bL=]pSsGFL@:MW;4bLi\MW@AcSjWpOMB@_jWp“Ž oqpOMWpxCEjB;dK IGj?;*uwbLK:b—MŒl•=B@AiY=B;dj?=:pOiGo
bH=€MW`Y@AjB@vCE;djB@_pSsGFL@UMB;x@vuwIGFL;dbLMypSj?sGbLMBjWpSjDl•cd@A;SK:@vMWjBbLg]CE@“pOMB>GjB@9=r;SCMB`G@_@9i\fwbLjB;diYK:@9iQMAˆ˜ŠŒi$;djBoG@9j…MB;
oG@ApSF„ŽRbLMB`MW`G@]`Q>GcS@U=DMmpOMB@]=BIqpOgA@]MW`qp[MŸ`qpS=tMB;sV@]K:pSbHi\MmpObHiG@9oxoG>Gj?bHiGcNIV;d=?bLMWbL;di@9=?MWbLK_p[MWbH;Si{–JŽ@
bHi\MBjB;ZoG>GgA@9o_pŸIGj?;dsqpSsYFHbHFLbH=DMWbHg‹KU;woG@9FG;SCPIGjB;“uwbHKUbLMŒly=B@9iG=B;dj?=A–QŽR`GbHgm`:g“pSiUsV@h@ UgAbH@9i\MWFLlXjB@9MBjBbL@9fd@9o_p[M
jB>YiQMBbHKU@SˆŠŒi:g9;dKXsGbLiqpOMWbL;dirŽRb—MW` ptMW@9gm`GiG'b NQ>G@RCE;dj=?@AFH@9g9MBbLfd@9FLlr>GIJoGpOMWbLiGcŸMW`G@7sV@AFLbH@9CV=DMmpOMB@S–QIJ;S=BbLMBbH;di
IGj?;dsqpSsGbLFHb—MŒl_cdj?bHoG=RpOjB@€pSsGFL@tMW; cdFL;dsqpSFLFLlUFH;Zg“pSFLbH’9@tp jB;dsV;SMCEj?;dK¥=Bg9jWpOMBgm`pSiYo@ UgAbH@9i\MWFLl_MWjWpOSg E¡bLMB=
FH;Zg“p[MWbH;Si¡;diGg9@€MB`G@€IJ;S=BbLMBbH;diNbL=7oG@9MB@Aj?K:bLiG@Ao{ˆ
žFLFZMB@Agm`GiGPb NQ>G@A=bLiQMBjB;ZoG>Gg9@AoXbLiyMW`YbH=MB`G@A=?bH=„Ž@Aj?@œfOpSFHbLoqpOMB@Aor@£uZMW@AiY=BbLfS@AF—lX;dirMB`G@œj?;dsV;SM†hƒkŠ©|¤]ˆ
š7`G@y@vuwIJ@9jBbLK:@9iQMB=hŽ@Aj?@rg9;diGoG>GgvMW@9obHi(MŒŽœ;:oGPb jJ@Aj?@Ai\Mk@Ai\fZbHjB;SiGK:@9i\MW=Aˆ7¤ŸiY@y@9iQfZbLjB;diGKU@Ai\MA–Pp IqpSjDM
;SCJ;d>Gj1gA;SKX>YMW@9j1=BgAbL@AiGg9@koY@AIqpSjDMWKU@Ai\M“–QbLiGgAFL>GoG@A=‹pSFLFYCE@“p[MW>Gj?@A=‹;SCJMŒlZIGbLg“pSFq; :g9@k@9i\fwbLjB;diYK:@9iQMB=1=B>Ggm`
pS=hIJ@9;dIGFL@tŽpSPF EQbHiGcUs\ld–TjB@vCE>GjBiGbL=B`GbLiGcU;SC/; Ug9@A=A–VpSiYox=B@vfd@9jWpSF<IGF pOgA@A=7MB`qpOMkFH;Z; E¡pSFL'b EO@Sˆ‹š7`G@y;OMW`G@9j
@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\MXbL=rpgAj?;¶ŽRoY@Ao”KX>G=?@A>GK–„bLiŽR`GbLgm`†kƒhŠ©|t¤¥=B@9j?fS@AoapS=ypSipS>YMB;diG;dKU;d>G=…KX>G=?@A>GK
MW;S>GjD‘ecd>GbHoY@¡jB;dsV;SM]CE;dj]@£uZMW@AiYoG@Ao IJ@9jBbH;ZoG=];SChMWbLK:@Oˆ$š7`GbL= >GiG=?MBjB>GgvMW>Gj?@Ao @Ai\fZbHjB;SiGK:@9i\M:=DMWj?@A=B=?@Ao
pSoGoYbLMWbL;diqpSFJjB@ NZ>YbHjB@9K:@9i\MW=RCE;djRjB;dsG>Y=?MkFH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;Si_=B>Ygm`pS=kpSgAg9>GjWpOg9lpSiGoMW`G@…pSsYbHFHb—MŒl:MB;:`GpSiGoGFL@
=Bb—MW>qp[MWbH;SiG=bHiNŽR`GbLgm`xp K:op n?;djIqpOj?Mh;SC<MW`G@€jB;SsJ;S8M Bz=7=?@AiG=?;djB=hbH=7sYFH;ZSg ES@Ao˜s\lNIJ@9;dIGFL@Sˆ
¯pS=?@Aox;Si˜MW`Y@…cS@AiG@9jWpSF-IGj?;dsqpSsGbLFHbL=?MWbLgtjB@9IGjB@9=B@9iQMWpOMWbL;dix>Y=B@Ao˜bHi;d>GjRIV;d=Bb—MWbH;SiIYjB;dsqpOsGbHFLbLMŒl:cdjBbLo
'
«
D#"$B
d1'd
pSIGIYjB;\pSgm`P–Žœ@xŽ@Aj?@4pSsGFL@˜MB;%pSoGoYjB@A=?=_MW`Y@˜CE;dFLFH;*ŽRbHiGc›pSoYoGbLMBbH;diqpOF-NZ>Y@A=?MBbH;diY=¡bHiaMW`G@˜gA;di\MW@£uZMN;SC
KU;dsGbHFL@j?;dsJ;OMRFH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;Si{ˆ
ˆhƒh;¶Ž g“pSi(Ž@yp[MBMmpObHi(jB;dsY>G=?MhIV;d=Bb—MWbH;SiN@A=?MBbHK:pOMWbL;di¡@vfd@Ai˜bHi(oYlZiqpSKUbHgŸ@9i\fwbLjB;diYK:@9iQMB=
gwˆhƒh;¶ŽagApSirŽ@oG@A=?bHcdi pkFH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;SiŸIGjB;ZgA@9oG>GjB@O–SŽR`GbLgm` pSFHFL;¶ŽR=pKU;dsGbLFH@1jB;dsV;SMMW;t@ :g9bH@9iQMBFLl
FL;wgApSFHbL’A@b—MW=?@AFLC-CEj?;dK¥=Bg9jWpOMBgm`ŽRb—MW`G;S>YMRMW`G@€iG@9@Ao;SC/p `Q>GK:pSi(=B>GIV@AjDfwbL=B;dj
«Yˆhƒh;¶Ž¦g“pOiŽ@…pSgm`GbH@vfd@€=Wp[CE@Ÿiqp“fwbLc\pOMBbH;di¡oY>GjBbLiGc]MW`G@ŸIGj?;wg9@A=?=h;OC„cdFL;dsqpSFVFH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;diU@9fd@9ixbLi
MB`G@€IGjB@9=B@AiYgA@r;OC„;dsY=?MmpOgAFH@9=7MW`qpOMRgApSiGiG;OMksV@€oG@9MB@AgvMW@Ao˜s\l¡MW`G@€j?;dsJ;O(M B}=h=?@AiG=?;djB= ŠŒi•;djBoG@9jMW;(pOgm`GbH@vfd@]MW`G@ CGjB=?M€j?8@ NQ>GbLjB@AKU@Ai\MA–PŽœ@ @£uwMB@AiGoY@Ao›;d>GjŸpSIYIGjB;\pOgm`•MB;^xpSFj ES;*f4FH;Zg“pOF—‘
bH’ApOMWbL;dixs\lp_MW@Agm`YiG'b NQ>G@XŽR`GbLgm)` CqFLMB@Aj?=t=B@9iG=B;djŸoGpOMmpY–P=B;¡MW`GpOMtMW`Y@XoqpSK:pScdbLiGc_@ jP@9g9M€;SC *( )
bHi4MB`G@:@9i\fwbLjB;diYK:@9iQM…bL=…j?@AoG>YgA@AoPˆ¡ŠŒi›MB`GbH=€g9;di\MW@vuZM…Žœ@:IGjB;SIJ;d=?@AopSiGo@9fOpSFH>GpOMW@9o•MB`GjB@9@:=?IJ@9gA*b Cqg
CqF—MW@Aj?=A–d;SiG@œŽR`GbLgm`]gA;diG=?bHoG@9jB=/g9;diGoGb—MWbL;diqpSFZ@Ai\MWj?;dI\lrCE;dj=B@9FH@AgvMWbLiGct=B@9iG=B;SjjB@“pOoGbHiGcS=A–dpOiGoXMŒŽœ;tŽR`YbHgm`
Mm%p ES@bLiQMB;tpSg9gA;d>YiQM/pSoGoGb—MWbL;diqpSJF EQiG;*ŽRFH@9oGcd@7pOsJ;d>wM„MW`Y@œ@ jJ@AgvMW=/;OCTIJ;d=?=BbLsGFH@‹@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\M/oYlZiqpOK:bLgA=Aˆ
š7`G@U@Ai\MWj?;dI\l CqFLMB@AjŸŽœpS=€@A=B=?@Ai\MWbHpSFCE;dj€=B>Gg9gA@9=B=?CE>YFHFLl•;SIJ@9jWpOMBbHiGc†hƒkŠ©|t¤ bHi›pNgAjB;*ŽRoG@9o%KX>G=?@A>GK
CE;djŸFL;diGcd@9jŸIJ@9jBbH;ZoG=Ÿ;SCMWbLK:@OVˆ l/uwIV@Aj?bHKU@Ai\MmpSFg9;dKUIqpSjBbL=B;diY=Ÿ>G=BbLiGc(oqpOMmp(gA;SFHFH@9g9MB@Ao4MW`G@9jB@UoG@AKU;diw‘
=?MBjWpOMB@AoaMW`qpOMUs\laIGjB;ZgA@9=B=?bHiGc=B@AiY=B;djUjB@ApSoGbHiYcd=:=?@AFL@Ag9MBbLfS@AFLlS–MB`Gd@ CGFLMW@9jB=U@A=?IJ@9gAb pOFHFLl$oG@A=?bHcdiY@Ao CE;Sj
IGj?;*uwbLK:b—MŒl:=?@AiG=?;djB=7g9;dKXsGbLiG@kMB`G@tj?;dsG>G=DMWiG@9=B=hpSc\pSbLiG=?MœgA;dj?jB>GIwMW@AoN=?@AiG=?;dj7jB@ApSoGbLiGcd=œŽRb—MW`_MB`G@ŸpSsGbLF—‘
bLMŒlMW;Nj?@Ag9;¶fS@AjŸCEjB;SKcdFL;dsqpSF™C‰pSbLFH>Gj?@A=kbHi4FH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;di{ˆhžoGoYbLMWbL;diqpSF-MW@9=?MB=ŸgA;diGoY>Gg9MB@Ao›bHi4pSi4; :g9@
@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\M“–Pc\p“fd@]@9fZbLoG@AiGg9@]MW`qpOMt;d>GjMB@Agm`GiGPb NQ>G@]g“pSi4@9=?MBbHK:pOMW@rMB`G@XIV;d=Bb—MWbL;di;SC‹p¡j?;dsJ;OMt@9fS@Ai
bLC<;diYFLlNpOi˜;d>wMWFHbLiG@t;SC<MW`Y@…@9i\fwbLjB;diYK:@9iQMhbL=7>G=B@9opS=hpXŽœ;SjBFHo(KU;woY@AFÀˆ
ž!=B;SFH>YMBbH;diMW;¡MW`Y@X=B@9gA;diGo•IGj?;dsGFL@AK–JiqpOK:@9FLl(MW`G@rIGjB;dsYFH@AK;SC1@ :g9bH@9iQMtcdFH;dsGpSFFL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;diP–
bH=‹p€K_p n?;dj1IGjB@9gA;diGoYbLMWbL;di MW;…;dIJ@9jWpOMB@kKU;dsGbLFH@j?;dsV;SMW=ŽRbLMB`_p…`GbHcS`:oG@9cdjB@9@k;OC™pS>YMB;diG;dKyldZˆ G<;d=Bb—MWbH;Si
IGj?;dsqpSsGbLFHb—MŒl$cdj?bHoG=UpSj?@NŽœ@9FHFR=B>Gb—MW@9oaMB;IGj?;*fwbLoG@(K:@ApSiG=U;dia`G;*Ž¥MW; +*FH;Zg“pSFLbH’9@Np›KU;dsGbLFH@
jB;SsJ;SM1ŽRb—MW`GbLiUb—MW=1@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\M“ˆ„ŠŒi:MW`YbH=MW`G@9=BbL=‹Ž@pOIGIGFHbL@Ao MW`G@RCEjWpOK:@vŽœ;dFj EX;SCPoG@Ag9bH=BbL;diw‘ÀMW`G@9;djB@vMWbHg
IGFHpSiGiGbLiGc_bLix;dj?oG@AjMB;¡cd>GbLoG@Xp:K:;dsYbHFH@€j?;dsJ;OMkMB;¡IGF pOgA@A=kŽR`GbHgm`4KU;d=?MkFHPb ES@9FLl`G@AFLIbLMhMW;_>GiG'b NQ>G@9FLl
oG@vMW@Aj?K:bLiG@b—MW=/FL;wgApOMWbL;di{ˆ-ŠŒi]@A=?=B@AiYgA@S–wpSgvMWbH;SiG=pSj?@cd@AiY@AjWp[MW@Ao s\lXKUbHiYbHKUbH’AbLiGc7MW`G@CE>YMW>Gj?@7@vuwIV@Ag9MB@Ao
>GiGg9@AjDMmpSbLiQMŒlS–wKU@“pO=B>Gj?@AoUsQl]MB`G@R@Ai\MWj?;dI\lU;SCJMB`G@RsJ@9FHbL@9CJ=?Mmp[MW@Sˆ„ŠŒi:g9;dKXsGbLiqpOMWbL;diXŽRbLMB` ;d>Gj1K:;ZoG@9FG;SC
IGj?;*uwbLK:b—MŒl(=B@AiY=B;dj?=A–{MW`Y@]pSg9MBbLfS@XFH;Zg“pSFLbH’ApOMWbL;di¡MW@9gm`GiG'b NQ>G@]=?>GgAg9@A=?=?CE>GFLFLloYbH=Bg9;*fd@Aj?=tCE@“pOMB>GjB@9=t`G@9FHIYCE>GF
CE;dj…FH;Zg“pSFLbH’ApOMWbL;di4=B>Ggm`”pO=r@Sˆ}cGˆ™CE>Gj?iGbLMB>GjB@:;dj…MB`G@_=?bH’9@_;SC7j?;w;SK:=9ˆ A@¡pOoGoGbLMBbH;diGpSFHF—lpSIYIGFHbL@Ao•MW`GbL=
IGj?bHiGg9bHIGFL@/MW;7MW`G@‹IGj?;dsGFH@9K ;SCGpSg9MBbLfd@1=?@AiG=?bHiGcGˆ„ƒk@9jB@‹;d>Gj™MW@9gm`GiG'b NQ>G@‹ŽpO=„pSsYFH@/MW;h=B@9FH@9g9M„pSIGIGj?;dIGjBbHpOMW@
IV;dbHi\MWbLiGc]oGbLjB@AgvMWbL;diG=CE;djMB`G@€oGPb jJ@Aj?@Ai\M EZbLiGoG=7;SC„=B@9iG=B;dj?=Aˆ
žgvMWbLfS@:FL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;di˜jWpSbL=B@9o›MB`G@ NQ>G@9=?MBbH;di;SCœ`Y;¶Ž MW;=WpOCE@9FLl4iqp“fZbHcdpOMW@Up(K:;dsYbHFH@rjB;dsV;SM€@9fS@Ai
oG>Gj?bHiGcNMB`G@ IGjB;ZgA@9=B=…;SCœcSFH;dsqpOF„FH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;di{ˆ…š7`G@UbHiG=DMmpSFLF pOMBbH;di˜;SC†hƒkŠ©|¤pS=…pNKX>G=?@A>GK MB;d>GjD‘
cd>GbLoG@RjB;dsV;SM‹=B`Y;¶Ž@AoP–YMW`qp[Mœp€K:pSbHi IGj?;dsGFH@9K!ŽRbLMB`:j?@A=BIV@AgvMœMB;y=BpOCE@kiGp*fZbLc\pOMWbL;di bH=1MW`G@hIGj?@A=B@9iGgA@k;SC
;dsG=DMmpSg9FH@9=„MW`qp[Mg“pSiYiG;SMsV@oG@vMW@AgvMW@9o:s\lrMB`G@j?;dsJ;O(M B}=/=B@9iG=B;dj?=AˆŠŒi];dj?oG@AjMW;tcd>GpSjWpSi\MB@A@7=Wp[CE@iqp“fZbHc\p[‘
MWbL;diU@9fd@9i(bHi MW`G@kIGjB@9=B@AiYgA@Ÿ;SC™=?>Ggm`NbHi\fZbH=?bHsGFL@R;dsG=?MWpSgAFL@A=9–wŽ@bHi\MBjB;ZoG>GgA@9o¡;d>Gj‹`\lZsGjBbLoNpSIGIGj?;\pSgm`_MB;
jB@ApSg9MBbLfS@ŸgA;dFLFHbH=?bH;di:p“fd;dbLoqpSiGg9@S–YŽR`YbHgm`NbHi\MB@AcdjBpOMW@9=sJ;OMW`N=B@9iG=B;SjhoGpOMmpXpOiGo(oqpOMmp…CEjB;dK pXIGjB@vfZbH;d>G=?FLl
=B>YIGIGFHbL@AoXK:pSI{ˆš7`G@ EO@9l]bLoG@“p;OCT;d>GjMB@Agm`GiY'b NQ>G@7bH=MW;tcd@9iG@AjBpOMW@fwbLj?MB>qpSFZ=B@AiY=B;djj?@“pSoGbLiGcd=sqpS=B@9o ;di
«
pŸK_pOI];SCJMB`G@R@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\M“ˆ/š7`Y@hIV;d=?bLMWbL;diX;SCVMW`Y@hj?;dsV;SMjB@9F pOMBbLfS@MW;ŸMW`G@7K:pSI bH=@9=?MBbHK:pOMW@9o]>G=BbLiGc
;d>Gj€bLK:IGFL@AKU@Ai\Mmp[MWbH;Si;SC^xpSjMEO;*fFL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;diPˆXƒk@9jB@]MW`Y@:g9;dK:IYFH@vujB@9IGjB@9=B@Ai\MWpOMWbL;di$;SCœIJ;S=BbLMBbH;di
IGj?;dsqpSsGbLFHb—MŒltcdj?bHoG=<@AiqpOsGFH@9=/pkj?;dsV;SMMB;tp“fd;SbHoXg9;dFHFLbH=BbL;diG={ŽRb—MW`rbLi\fwbL=BbLsGFH@;dsY=?MmpOgAFH@9=„@vfd@Ai]b—CGMW`Y@œjB;SsJ;SM
bH=7>YiGgA@9j?MmpObHi˜pSsJ;S>YMRbLMB=7IJ;d=?bLMBbH;di›¬§ŽR`GbHgm`bH=MB`G@€g“pS=?@…@9=BIV@Ag9b pSFLFLl¡oY>GjBbLiGc cdFH;dsGpSFPFL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;diTµ£ˆ
š7`G@(IGjB;SsGFH@9K ;SChIV;d=Bb—MWbL;di%@A=DMWbLK_pOMBbH;dig“pSiYiG;SM sV@_MWj?@“pOMB@Ao”bHiGoY@AIV@AiGoG@9i\MWFLl$CEjB;dK MW`G@N;OMW`G@9j
MmpO=MEQ=€;SCpNKU;dsGbLFH@Xj?;dsJ;OM“ˆrl=BIV@Ag9b pSFLFLlMW`G@ bLiQMB@AcdjBpOMWbL;di;SCœpSgvMWbLfS@ FH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;Si˜bLiQMB;NMW`G@ gA;SiQMBjB;dF
=?lZ=DMW@AK ;SC-=B>Ygm`˜pyjB;dsV;SM`GpS=œMW;rsJ@pSoGoGj?@A=B=?@Ao{–q=?bHiGg9@ŸpSgvMWbLfS@tFH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;di]g“pOiNbHi\MW@9j?CE@Aj?@kŽRb—MW`¡MW`Y@
jB;SsJ;SM8Bz=yK_pObHiMWpS=MEQ=X=?>Ggm`apS=r@OˆzcYˆ;Ug9@¡oG@AFLbLfS@Aj?lSˆŠŒi$MB`GbH=…MW`G@9=BbH=9–/Žœ@_IGjB;dIV;d=?@Ao%MW`Y@_CE;dFHFL;*ŽRbHiGc
bHi\MB@AcdjBpOMWbL;diy=?gm`G@AKU@ŽR`GbLgm`X@vuwIGFL;dbLMB=/pSFLFwpOoYfOpSi\MmpScd@9=„;SCTIV;d=?bLMWbL;di…IGjB;dsGpSsGbHFLbLMŒlŸcSjBbHoY=Aˆ„š7`Y@IJ;S=BbLMBbH;di
;SCMW`G@…jB;dsV;SMRbL=RMBjWpSgSEO@Ao4pOgAgA>YjWpOMB@AFLlNpSiGox@ UgAbH@9i\MWFLlNpS=hMB`G@€jB;dsV;SMhIV@Aj?CE;SjBKU=hb—MW=7K:pSbHiNMWpSM= EQ=AˆœžM
MW`Y@…=BpSKU@€MBbHKU@S–ZMW`G@€gA@9j?MWpSbHi\MŒl(;SC<MW`G@€IV;d=Bb—MWbL;diN@A=DMWbHK:pOMBbH;di¡bL=RgA;di\MWbLiQ>G;d>G=?FLlNKU;diGb—MW;dj?@Ao(pSiGo(MW`Y@
jB;SsJ;SMRbL=RpSg9MBbLfS@AFLl_jB@9FH;Zg“pSFLbH’A@9o¡ŽR`G@AiY@9fd@9jkMB`G@€>GiGgA@9j?MWpSbHi\MŒl(cdj?;¶ŽR=7MB;w; F pOjBcd@Oˆ
ŠŒi˜=?>GKUK_pSjDld–YŽ@…IGjB;dIV;d=?@Ao˜p FL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;diU=Bgm`Y@AKU@…ŽR`GbLgm`xpOFHFH;*ŽR=KU;dsGbLFH@tj?;dsV;SMW=MB;U;SIJ@9jWpOMB@
jB@9FHbHpSsGFLlxpSiGo•@ :g9bH@9iQMBFLl•bLi4IJ;dIY>GF pOMB@AopSiGo•>GiG=DMWj?>Gg9MB>GjB@9o%@Ai\fZbHj?;diGKU@Ai\MW=…pSiGo•MW`Q>G=…jB@ApSFHbL’A@9=€pSi
bHKUIV;dj?MWpSi\M7=?MB@AI(MW;*ŽpOjBoG=RMWj?>GFLl¡pS>YMW;SiG;dKU;d>G=7KU;dsGbHFL@j?;dsJ;OMW=Aˆ
7 % ! XžIJ;d=?=BbLsGFH@ Y ;wgApOMWbL;di ;SCPMB`G@kj?;dsV;SM“ˆ/ŠŒi:;d>Gj‹@vuwIV@AjBbLK:@9i\MW= {bH=p…=FNZ>GpSjB@k;SC™=BbL’A@ I IOg9K ŽRbLMB`
pSipSiYcd>GF pOj7jB@A=?;dFH>wMWbH;SiN;SC ‘g Aˆ
tbH=?MWpSiGg9@MW;tMB`G@7gAFL;d=B@9=?M W sG=DMmpSg9FH@bLiXMW`G@œK_pSIrbLCqMW`Y@7jB;dsV;SM/bL=pOM„FH;Zg“pOMBbH;di JpSiYoVCGjB@A=1pkgA@AjDMmpSbLi
IGj?;“uYbLK:b—MŒl_=?@AiG=?;djAˆ
=€jBpSiQ>GF pOjBbLMŒl:;SC<MW`G@€oGbL=Bg9jB@9MBbH’ApOMWbL;diN;SCoGbH=DMmpSiGg9@A=y¬‰~SgAK¥bLi;S>Gj7bHKUIGFH@9K:@9i\MmpOMBbH;diTµ£ˆ
bL=?MmpOiGgA@ŸKU@“pS=?>GjB@9o˜s\lp]IGj?;*uwbLK:b—MŒl¡=B@9iG=B;Sjr¬ "!# $ µvˆ
@ =…pO>G=B=?b pSi4oGbL=?MBjBbHsY>YMWbL;dixKU;woY@AFHbLiGc MW`G@X>YiGgA@9j?MmpObHi\MŒlbLixMW`G@]oYbH=D‘
%'& ‚ZMmpOiGoqpSj?o4oG@9fZb p[MWbH;Si;SCMW`YV
MWpSiGgA@ MB;UMB`G@€gAFH;S=B@A=DMh;dsG=?MWpSgAFL@ŸbHiNMW`Y)@ ($pSI(bLC-MW`G@€j?;dsJ;OMRbH=RpOMRFL;wgApOMWbL;di Œˆ
@ =€pS>G=?=BbHpSi4oGbH=DMWj?bHsG>YMBbH;di˜K:;ZoG@9FHbHiYc:MW`Y@]>GiGgA@9j?MWpSbHi\MŒl;OCœp ] @AiG=?;dj
%+* ‚ZMmpOiGoqpSj?o4oG@9fZb p[MWbH;Si4;SCMW`Gq
ŽR`G@9ixoG@vMW@9g9MWbLiGcUpSi;dsG=?MWpSgAFL@Sˆ
% ‚QMmpSiGoGpSjBo]oG@vfZb pOMBbH;diX;OCqMW`G@ =€pS>G=?=Bb pOiXoGbH=DMWj?bHsG>YMBbH;diyK:;ZoG@9FHbHiYckMW`Y@>GiGg9@Aj?MWpSbHi\MŒlrjB@A=?>GFLMBbHiGckCEjB;dK
MB`G@€gA;dKXsYbHiqpOMBbH;di_;SC %'& pOiGo %+* % , % &.- % * ˆ
/ GjB;dsqpOsGbHFLbLMŒlUMW`qpOMhp IGj?;*uwbLK:b—MŒl_=?@AiG=?;dj e @9MB@AgvMW=RMW`G@€gAFL;d=B@9=?Mh;dsG=DMmpSg9FH@ŸbLi(MB`G@€K_pOI{ˆ
/ $ GjB;SsqpSsGbLFHbLMŒlUMW`GpOMkpUIGj?;“uYbLK:b—MŒl¡=?@AiG=?;djkbL= @ pq@AgvMW@9oxs\lpSix>Yi EQiG;*ŽRix;dsG=DMmpSg9FH@…pOMkp jWpSiGcS@ ;SC<MW`Y@…=?@AiG=?;djhoGbH=?gAjB@vMWbL’“pOMBbH;di{ˆ
0 & ¬ 1 ‰µ G1j?;dsqpSsYbHFHb—MŒl_;OC/KU@“pS=?>GjBbLiGc oGbH=DMmpSiGg9@ 1 b—CMB`G@yj?;dsV;SMRbH=hpOMRFL;wgApOMWbL;di /pSiGo(MW`Y@y=?@AiG=?;dj
gApSix;diYFLl(sV@yj?@ pq@9g9MW@9o4s\lxpOix;dsG=DMmpSg9FH@…bHi(MW`G)@ (%pSIPˆ7š7`GbH=hoGbH=DMWj?bHsG>YMBbH;di(bL=kcd;*fS@AjBiY@Aos\l˜p
=€pS>G=?=Bb pOioGbL=?MBjBbHsY>YMWbL;diŽRbLMB`=DMmpSiGoGpSjBooG@9fZb p[MWbH;Si % gA@9i\MW@Aj?@Ao”pOM€MB`G@:oYbH=?MWpSiGg9@ MB;˜MW`Y@
g9FH;d=?@A=?Mh;dsY=?MmpOgAFH@ŸbLiNMW`G@€K:pSI{ˆ
'
«S~
h H
##%f P*
H $jf Z T '
d E
¬ µ jB;dsqpOsGbHFLbLMŒl…;SCVK:@ApS=B>YjBbHiYctoGbH=DMmpSiYgA@ oG>G@MB;€pSi iEQiG;*ŽRi:;dsY=?MmpOgAFH@Oˆ„š7`GbL=oGbH=DMWj?bHsG>YMBbH;di
bL=7cd;*fd@Aj?iG@Ao˜s\l / $ pSiYoMB`G@€jB@A=?>GFLMBbHiGc]cS@A;dKU@9MBjBbHgŸoYbH=?MBjBbLsG>YMWbL;di{ˆ
µ GjB;SsqpSsGbLFHbLMŒl€;OCJKU@“pO=B>Gj?bHiGctoYbH=?MWpSiGg9@ bLCqMB`G@jB;SsJ;SM„bH=p[MFH;Zg“pOMBbH;di Œˆ/š7`GbL=/oGbH=DMWj?bHsG>YMBbH;di
0 ¬ ‰d
bL=Rp g9;dKXsGbLiqpOMBbH;diN;SC 0 & ¬ 1 ‰µ7pSiGo 0 ¬ µvˆ
tbL=?MWpSiGgA@tMB;_p >GK:pSi¬ !# $ µvˆ
0 ¬ ¾µ GjB;dsGpSsGbHFLbLMŒl MW`GpOM7MW`G@Ÿg9FH;d=?@A=DMk;SsG=?MWpSgAFL@tbH=7bLiNoGbH=DMmpSiGg9@ bLC-MW`G@Ÿj?;dsV;SM7bH=Rp[M7FH;Zg“pOMBbH;di
Œˆ
0 ¬ µ G1j?;dsqpSsYbHFHb—MŒl•;SCRKU@“pS=?>GjBbLiGcoGbL=?MmpOiGgA@ b—CMW`Y@N=B@AiY=B;dj]gApSi;diGF—lsV@¡j?@ pq@9g9MW@9o s\l$p
>GK:pSi(bHiNoGbL=?MmpOiGgA@ bLi¡MW`G@ŸoGbLjB@9g9MWbL;diN;SC<MW`G@Ÿ=?@AiG=?;djRsJ@ApSKˆš7`GbH=7oGbL=?MBjBbHsY>YMWbL;di¡bH=7cSbLfd@9i
s\l(p =…pO>G=B=?b pSi(oGbL=?MWj?bHsG>wMWbH;Si_ŽRbLMB`˜=DMmpSiGoGpSjBooG@9fZbHpOMWbL;di %+* gA@9iQMB@Aj?@Aop[M ˆ
0 ¬ ‰µ GjB;dsqpOsGbHFLbLMŒlŸ;SCGK:@ApS=B>Gj?bHiGckoGbH=DMmpSiYgA@ bLCGMB`G@œj?;dsV;SM„bL=/pOMFH;Zg“p[MWbH;Si TpSiYo]p`Q>GK:pSirbL=
bLi…oYbH=?MWpSiGg9@ ˆ<š7`GbH=-oGbL=?MWj?bHsG>wMWbH;SitbH=-p7gA;SKXsGbHiGpOMWbL;dit;SC 0 & ¬ ‰µv– 0 ¬ 1 µv–[pSiGo 0 ¬ µvˆ
0 ¬ ¾µ GjB;dsGpSsGbHFLbLMŒl MW`GpOMkp `Q>GK:pSibH=7bLiNoGbH=DMmpSiGg9@ ' b—CMB`G@€jB;dsV;SM7bL=kp[MRFH;Zg“pOMBbH;di Œˆ
0 ¬ ‰µ GjB;dsqpOsGbHFLbLMŒl4MW`GpOM p`Q>GK:pSibH=XbLi%oGbL=?MmpOiGgA@ bLC7MB`G@¡j?;dsJ;OM]bH=]p[MXFH;Zg“p[MWbH;Si pOiGo
KU@“pS=?>GjB@9=RoGbH=DMmpSiGg9@ ˆ
µ Gj?;dsqpSsGbLFHb—MŒlMW`GpOM-MW`G@‹K:@ApS=B>YjB@AKU@Ai\M bL=<gApS>G=?@Aors\lypR`Z>YK_pS#i " Y W h [\_$ MB`G@g9FH;d=?@A=DM
0 ! ¬ d
;dsY=?MmpOgAFH@ŸbLiNMW`G@€K:pSI{ˆ
0%'&)(+* ¬ µ GjB;dsqpOsGbHFLbLMŒlŸMW`GpOM/MW`Y@K:@ApS=B>YjB@AKU@Ai\M bL= ] gW "i MB`qpSiXMW`Y@7@vuwIJ@9g9MB@Ao K:@ApS=B>YjB@AKU@Ai\MAˆ
0 G
%
'
*
" # 7š `GbL==B@9g9MWbL;di(oG@A=?gAj?bHsV@A=MW`Y@tCE>GiGoqpSKU@Ai\MWpSFPKU;SMWbL;di_@ NQ>qpOMWbL;diG=œCE;Sj7pX=?lZiGgm`Gj?;O‘ŒoYjBbLfS@€K:;dsYbHFH@hjB;SsJ;SM
­®¯l1³/dªO´¾ˆš7`G@€oG@Aj?bLfOpOMBbH;diNsV@AcdbLiG=ŽRbLMB`¡MW`G@€g9;djBj?@Ag9MhoYlZiqpOK:bLgtF p“ŽR=A–GpS=B=?>GK:bLiGc]MW`qp[M7MW`G@Ÿj?;dsJ;OM(B}=
MWjBpSiG=?F pOMBbH;diqpOFSpSiYo…j?;SMmp[MWbH;SiqpSF¶fd@AFL;wg9bLMŒlkg“pSi€sV@gA;di\MBjB;dFLFH@AoŸbLiGoG@9IJ@9iGoG@Ai\MBFLlU¬§ŽRbLMW`ŸFLbHKUbLMB@AokMB;djMNQ>G@9=mµ£ˆ
š<;˜K:Kp ES@]MB`G@ 8@ NQ>qpOMBbH;diG=…KU;djB@]IGjBpSg9MBbHgApSFÀ–{Ž@:oY@AjBb—fd@UpSipSIGIGj?;“uYbLK_p[MWbH;SiMW`qpOM€KU;ZoG@AFL=tfd@AFL;wg9bLMŒl
pS=pyIGbL@Ag9@9ŽRbH=?@kg9;diG=DMmpSi\MœCE>YiGg9MBbH;diUbHi MWbLK:@OQˆ kkiYoG@Aj‹MW`GbL=pO=B=B>YK:IYMBbH;diP–wj?;dsJ;OM‹MBjWop n?@9g9MB;djBbL@A=‹gA;diG=?bH=DM
;SC-=?8@ NQ>G@AiYgA@A=R;SXC CqiGbLMB@AF—l K_pSi\lU=B@9cdKU@Ai\MW=7;SC{gAbHj?gAFL@A=Aˆ‚w>Ggm`NjB@9IGjB@9=B@9iQMWpOMWbL;diG=RpSj?@kfS@Aj?l:gA;SiQfS@AiGbL@Ai\M
CE;dj…gA;dFLFHbL=BbH;Si›gm`Y@ASg EQbHiGcY–=BbHiYgA@_bLi\MW@Aj?=B@9g9MWbL;diG=y;SC7;dsG=DMmpSg9FH@9=yŽRbLMB`$g9bHjBg9FH@9=XpSj?@:@ApS=?l›MW;˜gm`G@ASg ET)ˆ A@
pSFL=B;UoG@Aj?bLfd@rpSix>YIGIJ@9jsV;d>GiGoCE;djRMW`G@ypSIGIGj?;“uYbLK_p[MWbH;Si@9jBj?;djAˆ7š7`G@yIGbH@9gA@vŽRbH=B@ygAbLjBgA>YF pSjRjB@9IGjB@9=B@9iw‘
Mmp[MWbH;SixCE;djBKU=MB`G@]sqpS=?bH=t;SC1MB`G@]oYlZiqpSKUbHgrŽRbLiGoG;*Ž pSIGIGj?;\pSgm`4MW;Ng9;dFHFLbH=BbL;di˜p*fS;dbHoGpSiGgA@O–™oG@A=?gAj?bHsV@Ao
bHi˜‚w@9g9MBbH;di Iwˆ
'*) 3Ÿ), 3t<. 7h5
0]68A0U, N)3 7y6/8A0U, c
™@9M¬?µpSiYoP¬?µ„oY@AiG;SMB@7MW`G@RjB;SsJ;S8M Bz=1g9;w;dj?oGbHiGpOMW@7p[MMWbHKU@„bHi =B;dKU@7cdFL;dsqpSFwgA;Z;djBoGbLiqpOMB@7=?lZ=?MB@AK–
pSiGorFH@9MMW`G@jB;dsV;S8M Bz=/;SjBbH@9i\MmpOMBbH;di_¬‰`G@ApSoGbLiGctoGbLjB@AgvMWbL;diTµ™sJ@oG@A=?gAjBbLsJ@9o]s\lY¬?µvˆ„š7`G@œMWj?bHIGFL@9M oG@9=BgAj?bHsV@A=€MW`Gr@ EQbLiG@AK:pOMWbLgXgA;Si Cqcd>GjBpOMWbL;di•;SC‹MW`G@ jB;SsJ;SMAˆXš7`G@ KU;SMWbL;di4;SCœp(=DlZiGgm`GjB;[‘ŒoGj?bLfd@UjB;SsJ;SM
bH=hgA;SiG=?MBjWpSbLiG@AobLip Žp“l˜=B>Ggm`MB`qpOMMB`G@yMBjWpSiY=BF p[MWbH;SiqpSFPfS@AFH;ZgAb—MŒl(pSFLŽœp“lw=kFH@ApSoG=bLi˜MB`G@r=DMW@A@9jBbLiGc
oGbLjB@AgvMWbL;di ;OC„MW`Y@yj?;dsJ;OM“–YŽR`GbLgm`xbL=kp iG;diZ‘Œ`G;dFL;diG;dKUbHgkgA;diY=?MWjBpSbHi\M ­ <p[Mm ´ ˆ -@vM¬vµ7pSiGo ¬"!\µ
oG@9iG;SMW@…MW`G@#G‘Œg9;w;dj?oGbHiGpOMW@9=k;SC„MW`G@yjB;dsV;SMpOMkMBbHKU@#tpSiGo$"!Y–Jj?@A=?IJ@9g9MWb—fd@9FLldˆ ™@9M%P¬&?µRoY@AiG;SMB@rMW`Y@
MWjBpSiG=?F pOMBbH;diqpOF<fS@AFH;ZgAb—MŒl;SC‹MW`Y@Uj?;dsV;SM€pOMŸMBbHKU@'£–-pSiGo)(¬?µkb—MW=Ÿj?;SMmpOMBbH;diGpSF<fS@AFL;wg9bLMŒldˆrš7`G@Ai*¬"!\µ
pSiGoP¬"!Sµœg“pSisV@…@£uwIGjB@9=B=B@9o4pS=hpXCE>GiGgvMWbH;Si˜;SC+¬vµ£–,J¬?µ7pSiGoY¬?µ
¬&"!\µ ¬&vµ -.-0/21 P¬&?µ #*gA;d=4Y¬?µ ¬‰¯ˆ µ
P¬"!Sµ P¬£µ - - /23/21 J¬&?µ #*=BbHiY¬?µ ¬‰¯ˆ gSµ
/23
!
«dª
E
'd
]
6 '
##" H
+-#.#U
Z>GpOMWbL;diG=…¬¾¯kˆ µpOiGo¬¾¯ˆ gdµœoG@9IJ@9iGo˜;Si¡MW`G@Ÿfd@9FH;ZgAb—MWbH@9=œ;SC<MW`Y@ŸjB;dsV;SM“–ZŽR`GbHgm`>G=?>qpSFHF—l_gApSiGiG;OM
sV@=B@vM7oGbLjB@AgvMWF—ldˆ„ŠŒiY=?MW@ApSo{–YMB`G@kfS@AFL;wg9bLMŒlJ¬?µ‹oY@AIV@AiGoG=œ;di_MW`Y@bHiYbLMWbHpSFYMBjWpSiG=?F pOMBbH;diGpSFGfd@9FH;ZgAbLMŒlJ¬mµ
pOM A–-pSiGoMW`Y@rMWjBpSiG=BFHpOMWbL;diqpSF<pSg9gA@9FH@AjBpOMWbL;diV ¬? µhbHiMW`Y@rMWbLK:@ybHi\MW@9j?fOpSF
­ ´ ˆ ™b'ES@vŽRbH=?@S–{MW`Y@
;dj?bH@Ai\MWpOMWbL;di Y¬?µkbL=pUCE>GiGg9MBbH;dix;SC/MW`Y@XbHiGb—MWbHpSF{;dj?bH@Ai\MWpOMWbL;di Y¬£µ£–JMW`Y@rbHiYbLMWbHpSF™jB;OMmpOMBbH;diqpOF{fd@AFL;wg9bLMŒl
(¬mµRp[M *–TpOiGoMB`G@…jB;SMWpOMWbL;diqpSF™pOgAgA@9FH@9jWpOMBbH;di (k ¬ ? µŽRb—MW` ­ ´ ˆ‚w>GsG=DMWb—MW>YMBbHiGc0J¬?µ7pSiGo G¬&?µ
s\lrMB`G@gA;SjBjB@9=BIV;diGoGbLiGcŸbHiYbLMWbHpSJF EQbHiG@9K_p[MWbHgpSiGo]owlwiGpSK:bLggA;Si Cqcd>GjBpOMWbL;diJ¬mµ Y¬£µ (¬£µpSiGoXMW`Y@
pSg9gA@AFL@AjBpOMWbL;diG= J ¬ ? µpSiYo (k ¬ B µlwbL@AFLoG=MW`G@€@£uYIYjB@A=?=BbL;diJ¢
¬&"!\µ ¬&vµ - - / 1 J¬&vµ - - / J ¬ ? µ /3
/ 3 - / ( ¬ ? µ #mg9;d= G¬vµ - - / (¬£µ - ¬‰¯ˆÆ«dµ
š7`G@t@ NZ>GpOMWbL;diG=pSjB@hiG;*Ž bHiUMW`G/2@h3 CE;djBK!MB`qpOM‹/2MW3 `G@RMWjBop n?@AgvMW;djDl:;OC{MW`G@kjB;dsV;SM‹oG@9IJ@9iGoG=@£uYg9FH>G=?bLfS@AFLl
;di bLMW=UbHiYbLMWbHpSFœowlwiGpSK:bLg(gA;di CGcd>GjWp[MWbH;Si pOMUMWbLK:@ NpOiGo MB`G@xpOgAgA@9FH@9jWpOMBbH;diG=9–œŽR`GbLgm` Ž@pS=?=B>GKU@
MW;•sV@(gA;di\MWj?;dFHFHpSsGFL@•¬ECE;dj]KU;d=DM K:;dsYbHFH@:jB;dsV;SMB= MB`G@pSgAg9@AFL@AjWp[MWbH;SiG=]oG@9MB@Aj?K:bLiGbHiGc4b—MW=]KU;SMWbL;di”pSj?@
KU;diG;SMB;diGbHg€CE>GiGgvMWbL;diG=t;SC1MB`G@XgA>YjBjB@9i\MWf= pq;*ŽRbHiGc:MW`Gj?;d>Gcd`MB`G@]K:;OMW;dj?= ­ ?d³/d« ´ ˆ…ƒk@9iGgA@O–™FHbHKUbLMB=R;di
MW`Y@…g9>GjBj?@Ai\MW=hoGbLjB@AgvMWF—l¡gA;SjBjB@9=BIV;diGoMW; FHbLK:b—MW=‹;diMB`G@…pSgAg9@AFL@AjWp[MWbH;SiG=mµ£ˆ
tbHcdb—MmpSF™`GpSjBoYŽœpSj?@XbHKUIJ;S=B@A=hgA;SiG=?MBjWpSbLiQMB=ŸpS=hMW;_ŽR`G@9i•;diG@rgApSi4=B@vMtMW`Y@rKU;SMW;djhgA>YjBjB@9i\MW=U¬¾pOiGo
MW`Q>G=R=?@9MhiG@9Ž pSgAg9@AFL@AjWp[MWbH;SiG=mµ£ˆƒk@9iGgA@O#– lZNTˆ<¬¾¯kˆÆ«\µœgApSi(sJ@Ÿ=?bHKUIGFH*b Cq@Ao_sQlNpS=B=?>GK:bLiGcXMW`GpOMRsJ@vMŒŽœ@9@Ai
MŒŽ;NpSjBsYbLMWjBpSj?l¡IJ;dbLi\MW=hbHi(MWbHKU@S–,tpSiGo$"!Y–qMW`G@yjB;dsV;SMhg“pSi˜;diGF—l(sJ@…gA;di\MBjB;dFLFH@Aos\l CGiGbLMB@AFLl¡K_pSi\l
pSg9gA@AFL@AjBpOMWbL;di gA;dKUK_pOiGoG=Aˆ ™@9M NoG@AiY;SMW@RMW`GbL=iQ>GKXsV@Aj1;SCVMWbHKU@œMBbHSg EQ=Aˆš7`G@9i{–QMW`G@hpSg9gA@AFL@AjBpOMWbL;d iG= pSiG o ( CE;dj ! •pSjB6@ EO@AIYMhg9;diG=?MW pSi\MRbHi(prMBbHKU@bHi\MB@Aj?fOpSF ­ °J¢ ´ ¬ ! ™µ£ˆ -@vM pOiGo
sV@ŸoG@ CqiG@Ao˜pS= pSiGo !
CE;djœ=B;dKU@ŸbHi\MW@9j?fOpSF{bLiGoG@£u ! „<ˆ kh=BbHiYcX/ MW`GbL=
oGbL/=B gAj?@9MB@CE;djBK–QMW`G@tow/ lwiGpSK:bLgsV@A`qp“fZbH;S/jœ;SC<pX=DlwiYgm`GjB;O‘eoGjBb—fd@Ÿj?;dsJ;OMbH=@vuwIGj?@A=B=?@Aos\l_MW`Y@CE;dFHFL;*ŽRbHiGc
8@ NQ>qp[MWbH;Si{–dŽR`GbHgm`]CE;dFLFH;*ŽR=„oYbHjB@9g9MBFLl…CEjB;dK lZNVˆq¬¾¯ˆz«\µ„>GiGoY@Aj/MW`Y@RpS=B=?>GK:IwMWbH;Si];SCVIGbH@9gA@9ŽRbL=B@7g9;diG=?MWpSi\M
pSg9gA@AFL@AjBpOMWbL;diG=
#! " ¢
¬&"!\µ ¬&vµ - $&% - /&')(+* P¬& µ - # ./ &/ ' ,
#mg9;d= G¬ µ - (¬& µ # - ( #Z¬ µ ¬‰¯ˆz~\µ
g
/
/
1' 0 [ 4.0 ˜(8 e 7y96 3 0]68A0U, N)3 7y6/8A0U, c
A `GbLFH@ lZNTˆR¬¾¯kˆz~QµroY@A=Bg9jBbLsJ@9=XMW`G@Ncd@9iG@AjBpSF7g“pO=B@N;SChKU;dsGbHFL@_j?;w;SMrgA;di\MBjB;dF¾–‹b—MXbL=]iG;SM]IqpOj?MWbLgA>GFHpSjBF—l
`G@9FHIYCE>GF‹ŽR`G@Ai”oG@vMW@9jBKUbHiGbLiGc˜MB`G@NpSgvMW>qpSF=?MB@A@Aj?bHiGc4oYbHjB@9g9MBbH;di{ˆxš7`GbH=XbL=rsV@AgApS>G=B@NMB`G@_MWjBop n?@AgvMW;dj?bH@9=
cd@9iG@AjBpOMW@9o s\lMW`Y@A=B@(@ NZ>GpOMWbL;diG=UpSjB@Ng9;dKUIGFH@£uP–pSiGo”cd@9;dKU@9MWj?bHg¡;SIJ@9jWpOMBbH;diG=]=?>Ggm` pO=]gm`G@ASg EQ=:CE;Sj
bHi\MB@AjB=?@AgvMWbH;SiG=hpSjB@€@vuwIV@AiG=?bLfS@…MB;UIV@AjDCE;djBKˆ
½©º“º90· ¼À/-Ê*Âƺv¹[Á¾Ç£Â ½©Á¾¿r¿vÓ Á¾É[Ç£ÁkÁÀɶ¿]Ê*¿D¼À WÇ£Á¾Âƺv¹˜º£Ë 1 &Ð 2.3 Ök ÈtÇ£¹[ÇvÅzº9Îvºv»OÈ 1™ÁÀɓ»[Ȑ×J¿rºv¹¶ÅÆÍ(Ê*¿BȾ½D¼¾ÂÆÌO¿yÁ¾É[¿Xʶ¿D¼À mÇmÁÀÂzº9¹(Ë º9¼kÁÀɶ¿rÏ
lZN
'
&"
d« ‡
š;yoG@Aj?bLfS@tpyKU;dj?@kIGjBpSg9MBbHgApSFqK:;ZoG@9FÀ–dŽ@ŽRbHFLFGiG;*Ž =BbLK:IGFLbLC§l l<NTˆP¬¾¯ˆ}~Qµs\l_pOIGIGjB;“uwbHK:pOMBbHiGcŸMW`Y@
jB;SsJ;SM8Bz=‹fd@9FH;ZgAbLMBbH@9=‹ŽRb—MW`GbLi¡pyMBbHKU@hbLi\MW@AjDfOpSF ­ ) °J¢ ´ s\l_prgA;SiG=?MWpSi\MfOpSFH>G@Oˆ/š7`G@tj?@A=?>GFLMBbHiGcyK:;SMBbH;di
@8NQ>qp[MWbH;Si{–l<NTˆP¬¾¯ˆzª\µ£–wg9;di\fd@Aj?cd@A=MW; l<NTˆP¬¾¯ˆ}~Qµ1pS=1MW`G@hFH@9iGcSMW`:;SCPMB`G@RMWbHKU@RbHi\MW@9j?fOpSFL=‹cS;w@9=‹MB;y’9@AjB;Yˆ
ž=…Žœ@UŽRbHFLF=B@A@_>GiGoG@9jyMW`YbH=ypS=B=?>GK:IwMWbH;SiMW`Y@:MWjBpon?@AgvMW;djDl›;SCRp˜j?;dsV;SM…g“pSi%sV@:pSIGIGj?;*uwbLK_pOMB@AosQl
IGbL@AgA@vŽRbH=?@…g9bHj?gA>GFHpSjRpSjBg9=Aˆ1š7`GbL=hj?@AIGj?@A=?@Ai\MmpOMBbH;dibH=Ž@AFLF—‘e=B>Gb—MW@AoNCE;dj7cS@AiG@9jWpOMBbHiGc KU;SMWbL;diNgA;di\MBjB;dF™bLi
jB@ApSF{MWbLK:@O–GpS=RoG@9=Bg9jBbHsV@AobHi˜‚w@9g9MBbH;di Iwˆz«Yˆ
ŠeCJMB`G@MWbLK:@œbHi\MW@9j?fOpSFH= ­ ) °J¢ ´ pSj?@7=B>Ug9bH@Ai\MBFLlX=?K_pOFHFÀ–[MW`G@MB@Aj?K J¬ µ - # g“pOiUsV@RpSIGIYjB;“uQ‘
bHK:pOMB@Ao¡s\l(pSi(pOjBsGb—MWjWpOj?lUMWjWpOiG=BFHpOMWbL;diqpSFTfd@9FH;ZgAbLMŒl ­ J¬ µ J¬ °J¢ µ ´ –GoG>Y@€MB;XMW`G/ @Ÿ=?K:;Z;SMB`GiG@A=?=7;SC
jB;SsJ;SMœK:;OMWbH;Si_bHi:MWbHKU@Sˆ -bPES@v ŽRbH=B@O–YMW`Y@MW@9jBK Y¬ µ - (¬& µ - ¢ ( ¬ µ g“pSi(sV@ŸpSIGIGj?;“uYbLK_p[MW@Ao_sQl
pSi˜pSjBsYbLMWjBpSj?l G¬ µ - ( # –GŽR`Y@AjB@ ( ­ (¬ µ (¬& °J¢ µ ´ ˆš7`GbH=RFH@ApS/ oG=RMW; MW`G@ŸCE;dFLFH;*ŽRbHiYc]K:;SMBbH;di
@8NQ>qp[MWbH;Si
/
#! " ¢
¬&"!\µ ¬&vµ - $&% - /&')(+* #*gA;S=<¬ G¬& µ - ( #Z¬ µ?µ ¬‰¯ˆ ISµ
ŽR`GbHgm`P–Vs\lN=?;dFLfZbLiGcXMW`G@€bLiQMB@A&/ cd' jBpSFÀ–wg“pSisV@…=?bHKUIGFH*b Cq@Ao¡MB;
#! " ¢ ¬&"!\µ ¬&vµ - $&% ¬ ¬ °J¢ µBµ
¬‰¯ˆÆªdµ
ŽR`G@Aj?@
¬?µ ¬‰¯ˆ ‡Sµ
' ' g9¬‰=B;dbL=¶i ¬ YG¬¬ µBµ µ # =B bLi-( ¬ Y ¬ µ - ( #Z¬ µBµ?µ ( š7`G@…gA;dj?jB@A=?IJ;SiGoGbHiYcU@ NQ>qpOMWbL;diG=7CE;djMB`G@ Q‘egA;Z;djBoGbLiqpOMB@tpSj?@
!$ " ¢ {¬&"!Sµ {¬&£µ - % ¬ ¬ °J¢ µ?µ
¬‰¯ˆÆ±dµ
' ¬EgA;d=4Y¬ µ $gA;d=¶¬G¬& µ - ( #Z¬& µBµBµ ( ¬&?µ ¬‰¯ˆÆdµ
=BbH' i™¬ G¬& µ?µ # ( |k;SMBbHg9@XMW`qpOM…b—C( Y–{MB`G@ jB;dsV;SMŸŽRbHFLFCE;dFLFH;*Ž pN=?MWjBpSbHcS`QM€FLbHiG@Oˆ ²œ;di\fd@9jB=?@AFLlS–„b—C( Y–™MW`Y@
jB;SsJ;S8M Bz=MBjWop n?@9g9MB;dj?l(oG@9=Bg9jBbHsV@A=hp gAbLjBgAFL@S–YpS=Rg“pSisJ@€=?@A@Ai˜s\lNgA;diY=BbHoY@AjBbLiGc
#A=BbHi Y¬ µ
¬¾¯kˆ dµ
(
#*gA;S=4G¬ µ
¬¾¯kˆ µ
(
CE;djŽR`GbLgm`MB`G@ŸCE;dFHFL;*ŽRbHiGcXj?@AFHpOMWbL;diN`G;dFLoG=
¬¾¯kˆ gSµ
(
š7`GbL=r=B, `Y;¶ŽR=yMW`qpOM…- MW`Y@ , !‰‘ÀMW`$MBjWop n?@9- g9MB;dj?l›bH=ypxg9bHjBg9FH@ pSsJ;S>YM(¬ – µtŽRbLMB`$jBpSoGbH>Y= $ ' ˆ
ƒk@9iGgA@O–Ps\lpS=?=B>GKUbHiGcUIGbL@AgA@vŽRbH=?@rgA;SiG=?MWpSi\MkfS@AFH;ZgAb—MWbL@A=A–qŽ@ygApSipOIGIGjB;“uwbHK:pOMB@€MB`G@€MWjWp n?@Ag9MB;dj?l;SC/' p
jB;SsJ;SMRs\l(p =B@ NQ>G@AiGg9@r;SCgAbLjBg9>GF pSjpSiGo=?MWjBpSbHcS`QMRFLbHiG@tpSjBg9=Aˆ
E
'd
H #'
«d±
]
6 '
E
'd
##" H
+-#.#U
k| ;SMBbHg9@hMB`qpOM“–wpSIqpOj?M‹CEjB;dK!MB`G@bLiGbLMBb pSFwgA;diGoYbLMWbL;diG=9–lZNQ>qpOMBbH;diY=Ÿ¬¾¯kˆ Idµ/MW;¡¬¾¯ˆz\µoG@AIV@AiYo¡;diGF—l ;di
fd@9FH;ZgAb—MWbH@9=Aˆ9A `Y@Aixg9;di\MWj?;dFHFLbHiGcrMB`G@€jB;dsV;SMA–G`G;*Žœ@vfd@9jA–V;diG@€bH=7iG;OM7CEjB@A@ŸMB;U=?@9MkpSj?sGbLMBjWpSjDl_fd@9FH;ZgAb—MWbH@9=A–
=BbLiGgA@XMB`G@ oYlZiqpSKUbHgXg9;diG=DMWjWpObHi\MW=Ÿ;SC1MB`G@ jB;dsV;SMŸbLK:IV;d=B@rsJ;d>YiGoG=Ÿ;di4MW`Y@]K_p[uwbLKX>GKoG@9fZb p[MWbH;Si;SC
fd@9FH;ZgAb—MŒl_fOpSFH>Y@A=RbHi(=B>YsG=B@ NZ>Y@Ai\MtbLiQMB@AjDfSpOFH=Aˆ
S' R [ ,
3Ÿ. 0U34,42 0U, Z
6 \)3 [ 4.10 ˜(8 e 7…68A0U, .1.0:.
¤ts\fwbL;d>G=?FLld–wMW`G@€oG@9jBbLfOpOMBbH;di_K_Kp EO@A=7MW`Y@€pSIGIGj?;*uwbLK_pOMB@€pS=B=?>GKUIYMWbL;di¡MW`qp[M7fd@AFL;wg9bLMBbH@A=pSjB@ŸIGbL@Ag9@9ŽRbH=?@
gA;SiG=?MWpSi\MXŽRbLMB`GbHipMWbHKU@UbHi\MW@9j?fOpSFÀˆ˜š7`GbH=r@AjBj?;djrbL=rsV;d>GiGoY@Ao”FHbLiG@“pSj?FLl4bLi$MWbLK:@UsV@9MŒŽ@A@AiagA;SiQMBjB;dF
IV;dbHi\MW= °J¢ ˆ
²œ;diG=?bHoG@9j/MW`G@7@9jBjB;SjB= pSiGo CE;djMW`G@ G‘<pOiGo Q‘egA;Z;djBoYbHiqpOMB@S–[jB@9=BIV@Ag9MBbLfS@AFLlS–\ŽRbLMW`YbHirMB`G@œMWbLK:@
bHi\MB@Aj?fOpSF ­ °J¢ ´ ˆ ™@9M °J¢ ˆ<š7`G@œoY@9fZb pOMBbH;di…bHi€MW`Y@œoGbLjB@AgvMWbL;diy;OCqpSi\l…;SCYMB`G@MŒŽ;tp¶uY@9=„bL=
K:p[uwbHK:pSF\bLCqMB`G@jB;SsJ;SMKU;¶fS@A=;diXp=?MBjWpSbLcd`\M„MWjBpon?@AgvMW;djDlrIGpSjWpSFLFH@9FQMB;MW`GpOM1p[uwbH=9ˆ‚wbLiGgA@bHiX@ApSgm`XMWbLK:@
bHi\MB@Aj?fOpSF\Ž@7pS IGIYjB;“uwbHK: pOMW@ J¬?µ™sQlrpSirpSjBsGb—MWjBpSj?lŸfS@AFH;ZgAb—MŒl ­ J¬ µ J¬ °J¢ µ ´ –dpSiy>GIGIV@Aj/sV;d>GiGoy;SC
MW`Y@œ@Aj?jB;dj?= pOiGo CE;dj¬ ! - µe‘eMW`…MWbLK:@1bHi\MB@Aj?fOpSFQbL=<cS;¶fS@Aj?iG@Ao]s\l J¬ °J¢ µ #P¬& µ # –
ŽR`GbLgm`˜bL=7FHbHiY@“pSjbLi ˆ
š7`G@€jB@ApSoG@Aj7=?`G;d>GFLoNiG;SMBbHgA@tMB`qpOMMB`GbH=œsJ;d>YiGopSIGIGFLbH@A=œ;diGFLlUMW;XMB`G@ŸbHi\MB@AjBiGpSF{IGj?@AoGbLg9MWbL;di¡;SC<MW`Y@
jB;SsJ;S8M Bz=<IV;d=Bb—MWbH;Si{ˆ A `G@Air@vuw@Ag9>YMWbLiGctgA;SiQMBjB;dF¾–*MW`G@FH;Zg“pOMBbH;diŸ;SCwMW`G@jB;dsV;SM<bH=-KU@“pS=?>GjB@9orIV@Aj?bH;ZoGbHgApSFHF—l
ŽRbLMB`(bLMW=ŽR`Y@A@AF ‘Œ@9iGgA;ZoG@Aj?=X¬§CE;d>GjMBbHKU@A=Rp]=B@9gA;diGo˜bHi(;d>Gj7bLK:IYFH@AKU@Ai\MWpOMWbL;diTµvˆ
š7`GbH=]g9;dKUIGFH@vMW@A=XMB`G@NoG@9jBbLfOpOMBbH;di;OChMB`G@NjB;SsJ;SM KU;SMBbH;di{ˆ•š<;•=B>GKUK_pOjBbH’9@S–/Ž@(`qp“fd@(oG@Aj?bLfS@Ao
pSi¦pSIGIGj?;“uYbLK_p[MW@xCE;dj?K MW`GpOM(oG@A=?gAj?bHsV@A=(MWjWp n?@Ag9MB;djBbL@A=(s\l =B@ NZ>Y@AiGg9@A=x;OCXgAbLjBg9>GF pSj¡pSjBg9=A–ŸpSiYoŽ@
`qp“fd@roG@Aj?bLfd@9o•p_FHbLiG@“pOjhsV;d>GiYo;dixMB`G@X@Aj?jB;djhoG>G@yMW;NpSixpSIGIGj?;“uYbLK_p[MW@ypS=B=?>GK:IwMWbH;SiK_pOoG@ybLixMW`Y@
oG@9jBbLfOpOMBbH;di›¬EIGbH@9gA@vŽRbH=B@€g9;diG=?MWpSi\MkfS@AFL;wg9bLMWbL@A=Wµvˆ
#
­ žtd±O´
@…pObY¤Xˆ[žj?jWpS=„pSiGo ‚ n?>YQ
j ?Yˆ1@A=DMWFHb¾ˆYƒRlZsGjBbLo{–S`GbLcd`w‘eIGjB@9gAbH=?bH;di…FH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;diCE;dj<MW`G@K_pObHF
oGbH=DMWjBbLsG>YMBbHiGc˜K:;dsYbHFH@UjB;SsJ;SMX=?lZ=?MB@AKKU;dIG=9ˆ4ŠŒi " (
( ) ) ( (), (q– ™@9>Yfd@9i{–V¯œ@AFLcdbH>GK– dd±Yˆ
­ ¯¯7² ° JI ´ ?S;\pSgm`GbLK ¯>G`GK:pSiGi{K– A;dF—CEjWpSK¯œ>YjBc\pSj?o{–džkjBKUbHiX¯kˆ\²œjB@9K:@9jB=9– tbH@vMW@Aj„³q;*uJ–dš7`Y;dK_pO=
ƒk;SCEK:pSiGi{–Z³qjWpOi EU‚wgm`GiG@9bHoG@9jA– ?SbHpSiGiGbL=‚ZMWj?'b ES;S=A–wpSiGo(‚w@9sqpS=DMWb pOi_š7`Gj?>Gi{ˆ-š7`G@KU;dsGbLFH@
jB;dsV;SMh†R`GbHiG;Yˆ v– ªq¬ gSµ z« «d±w–q‚w>GKUKU@Aj SJ Iwˆ
­®¯¯7² Ÿ\‡[´¨^˜bHgm`qpO@AF{¯@A@9MB’S– A;dF—CEjWpSK ¯œ>Gj?c\pSj?o{–YžkjBKUbHi¡¯kˆq²œjB@9K:@9jB=9–qpSiGo(³q;“uJˆ tbH@vMW@9jAˆ-žgvMWbLfS@
FH;Zg“pSFLbH’“p[MWbH;Si_CE;dj=?@AjDfwbLgA@yjB;dsV;SMpSIGIGFLbHg“p[MWbH;SiG=AˆŠŒi " ,
* (
&+ ( ) * ! #"%$'& %[–G‚ZMW;ZSg EQ`G;dFLK˜–T‚QŽœ@9oG@Ai{– S\‡wˆ
­®¯¯ €²d±O´¨^˜bHgm`qpO@AF¯œ@9@9MB’S– A$;SFLCEjWpOK&¯œ>YjBc\pSj?o{–-³q;“uPˆ tbH@9MB@Aj9–™pSiGo•žj?K:bLi•¯ˆ-²œj?@AKU@AjB=9ˆXŠŒi\MW@£‘
cdjWpOMBbHiGc pOg9MWb—fd@€FH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;di_bLi\MW; `GbHcS`w‘ŒFL@9fd@9F™jB;dsV;SMRg9;di\MWjB;SF™=?lZ=?MB@AKU=Aˆ ( ) ( (2 * & v– dd±wˆ
­®¯7²³ ° d±SpOV´ A$;dF—CEjWpSK¯œ>Gj?c\pSj?o{–-žjBKUbHi•¯kˆ<²œjB@AKU@Aj?=A– tbH@vMW@9j€³T;“uJ!– =€@9jB`qpOjBo <%p ES@AKU@9lS@Aj9– tbLMj E
ƒ)pS( `GiY@AFÀ– tbLMj E‚wgm`Q>GFL’SZ– A%pOFLMW@9j]‚ZMB@AbLiG@Aj9–1pSiGoa‚w@9sqpS=?MBb pSiš7`YjB>Gi{ˆ•š7`G@NbLi\MW@AjBpSg9MBbLfS@
KX>G=B@9>GKMW;S>GjD‘ecd>GbHoY@NjB;dsV;SM“ˆaŠŒi " +$* &)
-, (. ( ) (
/ # + )v–G^xpSoGbL=B;di{L– A Šm– dS±Yˆ
­®¯7²³ ° d±OsY´ A$;dF—CEjWpSK¯œ>Gj?c\pSj?o{–-žjBKUbHi•¯kˆ<²œjB@AKU@Aj?=A– tbH@vMW@9j€³T;“uJ!– =€@9jB`qpOjBo <%p ES@AKU@9lS@Aj9– tbLMj E
ƒ)pS( `GiY@AFÀ– tbLMj E(‚wgm`Q>GFL’S– A%pSF—MW@9j‚QMW@AbLiG@Aj9–VpSiGo•‚w@9sqpS=DMWb pOixš7`Gj?>Gi{ˆ l„uwIJ@9jBbH@9iGgA@9=ŽRbLMB`
pKX>G=?@A>GK MB;d>GjD‘ecd>GbLoG@(jB;dsV;SM“ˆnš<@Agm`YiGbHgApSFkj?@AIV;dj?MA-– kkiYbLfd@9jB=?bLMŒla;SC€¯œ;SiGi{–ŠŒiG=DM“ˆ‹;SC
²œ;dK:IY>YMW@9j‚ZgAbH@9iGgA@O– dd±wˆ
­®¯ Ÿ³<²d±O´ A$;dF—CEjWpSK ¯œ>Gj?c\pSj?o{–kžkiGoGj?@“pS= t@Aj?jA– tbH@9MB@AjN³q;“uJ–tpSiYožkjBKUbHi ¯ˆ7²œjB@AKU@Aj?=Aˆ!ŠŒiZ‘
MW@AcSjWpOMBbHiGc(cdFL;dsqpSFIV;d=Bb—MWbL;di4@A=DMWbHK:pOMBbH;di›pSiGoIJ;S=BbLMBbH;diMBjWpSSg EQbLiGc˜CE;dj€KU;dsGbLFH@Xj?;dsJ;OMW=
š7`G@€oYlZiqpSKUbHgtK:pSMj EO;*fNFH;Zg“pSFLbH’ApOMWbL;di_pOIGIGjB;dpSgm`{ˆŠŒi " 01 324 5"
(6 ( ) (7 &+ (, * 98 ;: $=< %[– dd±Yˆ
­®¯ l1³/dªO´ ?S;d`qpSiGir¯œ;dj?@AiG=DMW@AbLi{–dƒ…ˆÆ†€oˆ l/fd@9jB@9M?M“–\pOiGo ™'b NQbHpSiGch³q@AiGcGˆ', $ (>
* & @? )
BA )vˆ„žyˆ @]ˆ G@9MB@Aj?=A– {MWo{ˆ—– A$@9FHFL@A=BFL@9lS–T^˜žr– ddªYˆ
'
!
'
"'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
~
- /f+ &
­®¯³/ƒd‡[´ A$;dF—CEjWpSK ¯œ>YjBc\pSj?o{– tbH@vMW@9jX³q;“uP–1pOiGo ŸpSiGbL@AFƒk@AiYiGbHcGˆ›³TpS=DMXcdj?bHow‘esqpS=B@9oIJ;S=BbLMBbH;di
MWjWpOgSEZbLiGc:CE;SjkKU;dsGbLFH@ŸjB;SsJ;SMB=Aˆ7ŠŒi " ( ) ( "
/ #&+ ) ': $'& %[–q³qjB@AbLsG>Gj?cG–=Ÿ@Aj?K_pSi\lS– d\‡wˆG‚wIGj?bHiGcd@9j;1@Aj?F pScGˆ
­®¯³/ƒt‚wdªdpO´ A$;dF—CEjWpSK ¯œ>YjBc\pSj?o{– tbL@9MB@Aj³q;“uJ– ŸpSiYbH@AFJƒk@9iGiGbLcG–GpSiYoNš7bHKU;]‚wgm`GKUbHowM“ˆ!l1=DMWbLK_pOMBbHiGc
MW`G@(pSsY=B;dFL>YMW@NIV;d=Bb—MWbL;di%;SCpK:;SsGbHFL@_jB;SsJ;SMX>G=BbLiGc•IJ;d=?bLMBbH;di%IYjB;dsqpOsGbHFLbLMŒl›cdjBbLoG=AˆŠŒi
" ? )
, (0 ( ) ) ( / + )v–<IqpScd@9=
±ddª  – ddªYˆ
­®¯³/ƒt‚wdªSsY´ A$;dF—CEjWpSK ¯œ>YjBc\pSj?o{– tbH@vMW@AjX³T;“uJ– ŸpSiGbL@AFƒk@AiYiGbHcG–‹pSiYoaš7bLK:;4‚wgm`GKUbHoYMAˆ G<;d=Bb—MWbH;Si
MWjWpOSg EZbLiGcŽRb—MW`rIV;d=?bLMWbL;dirIYjB;dsqpOsGbHFLbLMŒlŸcdj?bHoG=9ˆwŠŒi " $* ( "
) ( ( ) ( 8 98?: $ )%[–dIqpScS@A= g wˆdŠ l<l l%²œ;dK:IY>YMW@9j
‚w;wg9bH@vMŒl GjB@A=?=A– dSªYˆ
­®¯ @€ O´ ?S;d`qpSiGi$¯œ;dj?@AiG=DMW@AbLipSiGo ‹;djWpOK @€;SjB@AiPˆ(†h@ApSF—‘ÀMWbHKU@];dsG=DMmpSg9FH@:p“fd;dbLoqpSiGg9@UCE;dj€C‰pS=DM
K:;dsYbHFH@…jB;SsJ;SMB=ŸbHig9FH>YM?MW@9jB@Ao•@9iQfZbLjB;diGKU@Ai\MB=AˆXŠŒi " (
( ) ) ( (), (q–qIGpScd@AD= IdK‡ g Id‡d‡Z– d Yˆ
­®¯ @€ ´ ?S;d`qpSiGiy¯œ;dj?@AiG=DMW@9bHiXpOiGo ‹;SjWpSK @€;SjB@AiPˆ\š7`G@‹fS@AgvMW;dj Cq@AFLoy`YbH=?MB;dcdjBpSK¦‘TC‰pS=DM;SsG=?MWpSgAFL@
p*fS;dbHoGpSiGgA@RCE;dj1KU;dsGbHFL@7jB;dsV;SMB=Aˆ !? ( ( ( ) (q–
‡G¬¾«\µ gS‡S± gS±S±Y– S ˆ
­}²œ;*uY ´ ŠŒiGcd@AK:pSj ?Yˆ²œ;“uPˆ¡¯œF pSiYgm`G@ pSi›@vuwIV@AjBbLK:@9i\MrbLicd>YbHoqpSiYgA@UpSiGoiqp“fwbLc\pOMBbH;di•;SCpSi
pS>YMW;SiG;dKU;d>G=ŸjB;SsJ;SMfd@A`YbHgAFL@Sˆ ? ( ( ( ) (q–
‡G¬ gdµ d« gO~G–YžkIGjBbLF d ˆ
­}²œšR ´ š7`G;dK:pS=^ˆO²œ;¶fS@AjpOiGo ?S;*l€žyˆ[š7`Y;dK_pO=Aˆ' ( ( ? (*[Jˆ A bHFL@9l
‚w@Aj?bH@A=RbLiš<@AFL@Ag9;dK:Kr>GiGbHgApOMWbL;diG=9ˆ A bHFL@9lS–G|k@vŽ ‹;dFj EV– d ˆ
­}² A O´ Šmˆ ?Yˆ²œ;“u pSiGo =]ˆ}šŸ<ˆ A bLFLCE;diYcG–@9oGbLMB;djB=9ˆ ( ( (
)vˆ ‚wIGjBbLiGcd@9j
1@AjBFHpScG– d Yˆ
­ Ÿ† AS±O´ =€j?@Acd;djDl t>YoG8@ ET– @€pOMW`GFL@A@9i•†h;dK:pSiGPb ET–™pSiGo‚w>G@ A `YbLMW@9=BbLoG@A=9ˆ ™;wgApSFHbL’AbLiGc¡pNjB;SsJ;SM
ŽRbLMW`aKUbHiGbLKX>GK MWjWp“fS@AFÀˆ ! 2 (
( S]– gd‡G¬ gdµ IS±d« ª S~G–^xpOjBgm`
dd±Yˆ
­ l1F—C‰±\‡ ´ žrˆ lRˆ l1F—CE@A=9ˆ‚w;diGpSjD‘esqpS=B@9oNjB@ApSF—‘ÀŽœ;dj?FHo¡K:pSIGIYbHiGc]pOiGoNiqp“fZbHc\pOMBbH;diPˆ 2 (
( ), (q–q†Ržh‘Œ«q¬¾«\µ g[~\ gSª Iw– ?S>YiG@ d±\‡wˆ
­Ll1iYc\S~S´ ‚w@“pSi liGcd@AFL=B;diPˆ " () . ! " ) #) (qˆ G`
MW`G@9=BbH=9– t@AIqpOj?MWKU@Ai\MR;SC/²œ;dKUIG>YMB@Ajk‚wgAbL@AiGg9@S– pSFLf@ kkiGb—fd@9jB=Bb—MŒld– dO~Gˆ
­Ll1iYc\J I[´ ‚w@“pSi liGcd@AFL=B;diPˆ²œ;di\MWbHiQ>G;S>G=rK:pSI›FH@“pOjBiGbLiGcNCE;djyKU;dsGbLFH@Xj?;dsV;SMW=9ˆNŠŒi " * "B) +. * ( ( )H–qƒk@9jB’A@9FHbHpS`{–GŠŒ=?jWpS@9FÀ– d Iwˆ
'
'
"'
"'
'
'
'
'
!
'
'
~
­®³/¯œš´ tbH@9MB@Ajh³q;“uP–A;dFLCEjBpSK¥¯œ>YjBc\pSj?o{–JpSiGo4‚Z@AsqpS=DMWbHpSixš7`Gj?>Gi{ˆRžgvMWb—fd@…K_pSjFES;*f(FH;Zg“pOFHbH’Ap[‘
MWbH;Si¡CE;djRK:;dsYbHFH@kjB;dsV;SMB=Aˆ () ( (2 * & vˆ/MW;:pSIGIV@“pSj9ˆ
­®³/¯œšRdªO´ tbH@9MB@Aj³q;*uJ–KA;dF—CEjWpSK ¯>GjBc\pOjBo{–\pOiGo ‚w@9sqpS=?MBb pSirš7`GjB>GiPˆT²œ;di\MWj?;dFHFLbHiGcR=?lZiGgm`YjB;O‘eoGjBb—fd@
jB;dsV;SMW=7ŽRb—MW`(MW`G@…oYlZiqpSKUbHgŸŽRbHiYoG;*ŽpSIGIGj?;\pSgm`MW;UgA;dFLFHbH=?bH;di¡p*fS;dbHoGpSiGgA@OˆŠŒi " 1 32 & (. ( ) ( &+ ( * v–
ddªYˆ
­®³/¯œšR\‡[´ tbH@9MB@Aj„³T;“uJ–A;dFLCEjBpSK¯œ>GjBcdpSjBo{–dpSiGo:‚w@AsGpS=?MBb pSi]š7`Gj?>Gi{ˆTš7`G@7oYlZiqpOK:bLgœŽRbHiGoY;¶Ž pSIw‘
IGjB;\pOgm`€MB;RgA;dFLFHbH=?bH;dikp“fd;dbLoqpSiGg9@Sˆ= ( )@ ( v–*~q¬ µ gS« «d«Y–T^xpOjBgm` d\‡wˆ
­®³/¯œšh²d±dp[´ tbL@9MB@Ajy³T;“uJ–9A;dFLCEjBpSK ¯œ>YjBc\pSj?o{–1‚w@9sqpS=DMWb pOi%š7`GjB>Yi{–1pSiGo%žkjBKUbHi¯ˆ„²œjB@AKU@Aj?=Aˆ˜ž
`QlZsGj?bHoagA;dFLFHbL=BbH;Sip“fd;dbLoqpSiGg9@KU@9MB`G;Zo”CE;Sj]K:;dsYbHFH@_jB;dsV;SMW=9ˆŠŒi " 4 & ( ( ) ( ( ) (q– -@9>Yfd@9i{–\¯œ@9FHcdbL>GK– dd±Yˆ
­®³/¯œšh²d±Ssw´ tbL@9MB@Ajh³q;*uJ– A$;SFLCEjWpOK¥¯œ>Gj?c\pSj?o{–J‚w@AsqpO=?MWbHpSixš7`YjB>Gi{–JpSiGo˜žj?K:bLi˜¯kˆP²œj?@AKU@Aj?=Aˆ G;[‘
=BbLMBbH;di•@9=?MWbLK_p[MWbH;SiCE;dj€K:;dsYbHFH@]j?;dsV;SMW=€bHi›oYlZiqpSKUbHg]@9i\fwbLjB;diYK:@9iQMB=Aˆ¡ŠŒi " $* )
, ( ( ) (7 / # + )v–G^xpSoGbL=B;di{L– A Šm– dS±Yˆ
­®³T@9oqd«O´ ²ˆd³q@AoG;SjAˆ;? ' ))) ( * ( ( 5"
) ) " ': ( ²pSjBiY@AcdbL@Ÿ^˜@9FHFH;Si khiGbLfS@AjB=?bLMŒlS–
G1b—MBMB=B>Gj?cd`{
– GVž Ig «Y– g dd«Yˆ
­®³„bHjBS~S´ ?dpSK:@9=_†€ˆ‹³„bHj?s\ldˆ žkjBgm`Gb—MW@9g9MW>YjB@S–7j?@AIGj?@A=?@Ai\MmpOMBbH;di pSiGo bLi\MW@AcSjWpOMBbH;di (žki @vuYpSKUIGFL@
CEjB;dK jB;SsJ;SM:iqp“fZbHc\p[MWbH;Si{ˆ¦ŠŒi " $ $ 00 * * )
( ) ( ( ( "
* ( * + v–7|h@9Ž
¤Ÿj?FH@ApSiG= ™žr– SS~Gˆ
­>=…pOMWJ g[´ lRQˆ =…p[M“ˆŠŒiQMB@AcdjBpOMWbLiGcIGFHpSiGiGbLiGcpOiGojB@ApSg9MBbHiGc˜bHipx`Y@9MW@9jB;dcS@AiG@9;d>G= pS=DlwiYgm`GjB;diY;d>G=
pSjBgm`Gb—MW@9g9MW>YjB@(CE;dj]gA;di\MBjB;dFLFHbHiYc4jB@“pOF—‘eŽ;dj?FHoKU;dsGbHFL@¡jB;SsJ;SMB=AˆaŠŒi " 400"%$ S–
‚YpSi ?S;d=B@O–V²œžr– d gwˆ
­>=…¯9³ @…S±O´ ?S@AiG=©‘D‚ZMB@ jJ@Ai =€>wMWK:pSiGi{– A$;SFLCEjWpOK ¯>GjBc\pOjBo{– tbH@9MB@Aj³q;*uJ–YpSiGo @Ÿ>Gj?-M @€;SiG;dFHbLcd@Sˆ™žki
@vuwIJ@9jBbLK:@9iQMWpSF„g9;dKUIqpSjBbL=B;di˜;SC1FH;Zg“pOFHbH’ApOMWbL;di(K:@vMW`G;ZoG=9ˆtŠŒi " .1 32
& (6 ( ) (7 + ( * 98 ;: $=< %[– dd±Yˆ
­>=y-² ?@€\‡[´ tbHoGbL@Aij =Ÿ>G’A’9;diGbÀ–žoqpOK ²œ`G@9lS@AjA– ™>Gg ?S>GFHbHpY–<pSiGo @€>Yj?hM @€;SiG;dFHbLcd@Sˆ¡^xpSi\l›jB;dsV;SMB=
K_Kp EO@€=B`G;djDM7Žœ;SMj ETˆ;0 v– ±q¬ µv–T‚ZIGjBbLiGc d\‡Zˆ
­>=y‚YSªO´ ?S@AiG=©‘D‚ZMB@ jJ@Ai{]ˆ =€>wMWK:pSiGi pSiGon²œ`YjBbH=DMWbHpSi ‚Zgm`GFH@9cd@AF¾ˆ žKU;d= ²œ;dKUIqpSj?bH=?;di ;OCt=BgApSi
K_pOMBgm`GbHiYc¡pSIGIYjB;\pSgm`Y@A=CE;djk=B@9FLC ‘ŒFL;wgApSFHbL’“pOMBbH;di_bHixbLiGoG;Z;djh@Ai\fZbHjB;SiGK:@9i\MW=AˆŠŒi " ( ( ) ( ( ) ( vˆ7Š l<l<l²œ;dK:IY>YMW@9j
‚w;wg9bH@vMŒl GjB@A=?=A– dSªYˆ
- /f+ &
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
~g
- /f+ &
­®ƒ¯ -d±O´ tbHjMEyƒ)pO( `GiG@AF¾–KA;dFLCEjBpSK ¯>GjBc\pOjBo{–\pOiGo =€@9jB`qpSj?o <p%ES@AKU@9lS@Aj9ˆ =…¤ lQm sYjBbHoYcdbHiGc
MW`G@yc\pSIsJ@vMŒŽœ@9@Ai•FH;dcSbHgU¬ =…¤ <¤i=…µ7pSiGoxp:jB@ApSF-jB;dsV;SMAˆ7ŠŒi " 5"
( ) ( / #&+ ) ': $=< % # *[– -|t²7‚Vˆ
‚wIGjBbLiGcd@9j;1@AjBFHpScG– dd±Yˆ
­®Hƒ l<@€d«O´ ?S;\pSgm`GbLKƒpOj?MW>YiGcG–1¯.pS( j?sJ@9-F lFHIV@AF—M“–1pSiGOo @€pSj?F—‘©ƒh@AbLiG’ @ŸF ;S( =B@AiY@AjAˆ > .
5"
& [ˆ†…ˆ¤ H
o 9iZs Gj?c AjHpSc G( iGgAi
AAiP–q
 9
o diP– dS«Yˆ
­®ƒ AiG\‡[´ ŸpS
i …ƒ AiY
i HcGˆ =dsqp GiG!o E[p #"$%&'
(
'
)*+
,(-(+.,(/*0%&$
2Ž 1($3,'3E,%&$4)4&,(95ˆ 61$7&(8B8$9
,$4$A– k':($4<;=>{?¯ '
'A@=B,(4*C1'D;@ FEEDGIH
' =(*01' H
­KJH@ EL ´ ?D13
*MJ(4N,+,()O1'
PUQ³ (&1R'E @B(43
'
( H S1R'
P
*01(MET<+
1$PC1I&'
*0$U'Q1F:V)D1WT
&'X'X$Y?(&1)Z"",$ H\[ ' " #
$* ( ) ( ( )
, ( 9898?: $ )%W@"Q1),$ L ± I G « H[ l l<l ?² *0"&(]IV3,<;)G^(4,$$@
_EELH
­>?d³ E «O´ ?$"
H ?'
$X1'
Pa`'
&1 H b³ ;V'
' H ( > & ( "
( H ` @ Gc&($,@ A&P H @ _EEdHU[ ]Y?¯ e TI L ±S± T T dIH
f @g1R L O´ h H l H @1*C1R' H `i'
Yi1"
"
(4D13jk'
,1( CQ%&,(4'
)k1'
Pj"
(P
3&'j"(+
,*$ H
? ( ,
' m l+2 ( ) ( ) @."
1),$ d I V n IV@A61R(3
'
'
_EL H
f @go Ep 1Rq 9(&1* @B('C1'P ?
1'
'0o?('
$4,' H GS&'rs1C
,P=*
IP$t1R'
P
,(^'
,(7T
,'D?*&1R&'
$5>u(*0+?(+9'Q1F:V)D1R' H.[ ' " _v# ( ( wv)
) (Q@Q`x"
(4 p_EEpH
f @go Ep +q o?,' n1R*0' @B
",(4$y1'
P 9
')RT<zc1o9;I' H `{(+y}|I"
(1R&'~1R'
P*C1R"
"
')
$4&(1R&);€+Q1$4,P~'1#$*C1'D3
(&1(43r;€R>$"
1R&1‚("
($,'D&1R&'
$ H ( w)v
) ( ( * & @
"Q1),$ nrG ILd @
`x)
$4 p_EEpH
f @go2 Eƒ q B1_:VP @B(7&' EW1*0"„@Ih H G H o?'
1$$4
@V1'
P…h H /
(4"
D;@V,P
%&(4$ H [ zZ†R`x`` [ G^(4,$$@
‡21*ˆ+
(4P
)R@\/`O@ p_EEƒH
f @‡ E IWq 61
( @BQ1R+1'
PjhZo1 n1‰‡?Q1R&s1 H `'}|I,'
P,P~"&'D&s1R] CQ,P1R"
"
(13>u(
*0+B(4+Z$,'$(ŠT<+Q1$4,P *&'
$ H2[ ' " _v ( ( „)v ( 3"
+ ( ( * & ;: %W@ pFEE I H
f @‡@ EL q 5$ Gc1S3 E)@1+
'
)@Q`x'D&
'r;‹h H ‡21$4$&1'
P(&1@51'P ?1*,$x` H @B
(4,' H `x3&')
'
P
(B
'
3,(4&1'D<; $43,(&X+Q1F;,$1'‰*0VP
,$>u(x*0+}T<(4+.Rx'Q1F:V)1R&' H[ '
" _v + 132 & (9 ( „)v ( + ( * & @ p_EELH
'
'
pFnd
/
&
f 1 ƒL q
B$$&1R*C1 Q 1R+ H hZ,1%Tw&*0-+
$713 1F:PQ1R'
3,6>u(…(+C*C1'"
1R&(01R'
P
*0+C(+&$ H ? 4& ( 2 ( ( wv) #) &v
V@
p E VEƒ @
p_EƒLH
f S‡ E q 5$ c13 1+
'
)@V/3Q1R, H 5%*C1'„@I1R'
Py`x'D&'D;yh H ‡21$4$&1'P
(&1 H ^s1'IT
'
'
)C1'
P#13&'
)C'‹"Q1(7&s1R;C+
$4,(4:R1+ˆ$7&V3Q1$43ˆP*C1R'
$ H zS,3
'3F1Rb(".(4F@
o?(_Y ' k'
%:,(4$%<;@ p_EE H
f En q ' ,'r+.() H z‚
yV3F1N,1R&' "
(+
* >u(O*0+
(4+&$ H [ ' " _v * ( * (
( & Av „)v @ p_EEn
H
f /hx] EG q (4 '
)R@ 1(' ;,($X@ l^'
(4 r
OhZ$"
'
w@\1'P6`x,$4$&1'
P(y]I1 H z‚
$&1"
(&1‰1(43
,3
( 6`iP
,$4)'>u(1'
* ; H 2 (
#
? () wv # /2v #&+ „)v @ E g @ p_EEDGIH
f ] EL q ]V:' I'
)=1R'
P6h ,P]I**'
$ H k'
$4
".(4:V$4,P/F1R('
'
)X>c"
(+
1+
$7&3*0VPIT
,$O>u(X(+X'
1_:V)D1R&' H [ ' " _v 4 ( ( „)v (
( w)v , (Q@ p_EELH
f ] Eƒ q ]V:' V,'
) 1'
Ph ,P]V**0'$ H ` (+.ˆ'Q1F:I)D1R'a1R(3
%&,3&
(4y+Q1$4,P'
"Q1(4s1;k+
$4,(4:R1+-*C1R( _:€P
3,$'j"
(4I3,$4$0*IP,$ Hj[ ' (4,' W1*"€C1 H
f o‚ Eƒ q H
f E Rq ] H '
)01'
P6‡ H ,*C1' H JZ,"*C1Rg1&'
*
$ *0+
B(+Z'Q1F:V)D1R'-$7;I$ŠT
&,* H{[ ' " _v !" ( )„)v ( (@g"Q1)$ p_E \p_Eƒ @
o?$4'A@/`O@\e_:*ˆ+,( p_EE H * g d g H
f S1W Ep q F1'ITŠ‡?s1P
51R&*ˆ+. H ( ( (" H DY?(‚`x3,1P
,*3 +
$
($,@
o?$4'A@/`O@ p_EEpHU[ ]o2e WT GE g d T E g L T m H
f E q /3Q1R, H 4&*01'A@2z‚
*C1$ H ,1'A@ 1'P ,$ b13 1,+
'
) H '&
3,*"
}|I<;~R>ˆ$:V'
)€*01( R_:P
,3$'"
(+
*0$ H [ ' " _v & (6 ( „)v ( .„)v /2v + „)v @ p_EE H
f Ep 1Wq
' H 'Q1(4P 1'P JZ
)! H ((1'D4T r;r H +
X(+I3,1NF1R'/+r;
&(&1R3 V'
)X)*0&(43Z+.,13,'$ H ? Vv ( ( ( w)v (Q@
G "d dGL Idƒ gI@ p_EEpH
f Ep +I#
q $
' H ,'Q1R(Pj1'
PjJ
)% H ((1'D4T D;r& H ]I*ˆ1R'
,$ˆ*C1R"+
P
'
)
1'
PyV3F1RN,1R&'X>u(21R'-1&'
'
*
$2*+
(+. Hc[ ' " _v 1 32
& (9 ( „)v ( + ( & & @'$(1 W1)@ 1"Q1'A@
e_:*ˆ+.( pFEEpH
'
'
'
'
'
'
pFnn
/
f c En q
&
\'
) a1R'
P lU:R1'
)$ /$ H h +g".$4C$4&*C1W&'‰' ' V' Y 'a'D:I('VT
*0'r$ˆ+D; *01R3
'
))gRP(1'
)…$43F1'$ H‹[ ' & ( " v ( ( „v) "$$%W@ p_EEn
H
H 1'
qP l H /$ H B+
1%;3,'
$4$7&,'D9(&1R'
)‚$3,1'01)'
*,'Dc>u(^,'D:V('
*0'D
*C1""
'
) H ( ( ( @ n ddd IdnDE @ p_EEDGVH
s1* ] H _: n4_; H ‡?*"
&1R&'Q1;‹>u,1$+
…+
'P
$ˆ>u(ˆ"Q1R(4&1%;#+
$4,(4:,P
*C1( _:yP
3,$'"(V3,,$4$$ H 8 ( #) &v V@ dE p p_L g p G I@ p_EEIpH
J,3&( H :,$ r
R@h1F;V*0'
P-hZ,(,@ :,$ ,$4" , (1'
3,R&@ H 'A@1R'
P-h H ]I3
( H
` )3/"
(4)(1*0*')‰1'
)
1)->u(CP;V'Q1R*03/P
*C1'
$ H 2 ( wv " @ dp E Iƒn @ p_EEDGIH
c,( ] H 61F;V+.3 H z‚
1*01
' Q%&,( `x'‰'D&(4IP
3&'‹&3,'
3,"&$ HC[ ' ‡?_|
1'
P >u'
) f ‡ E q H
(Y /3 ,(*4 H ` (,13: "
s1' 1'
)
1) H h ,$4F1(43 h ,"(7
9` † ‡‚]
†Rhh2T ƒLRn @ t1 '
%:($%<;@ p_EEpH
(Y!/3 (* H hZ+.2"
s1''
'
) H @ p_d ( GE @ p_EE IH
Jx1'
$ H /(&1F:3B1'
P0` H H ^>u$ H JZ)($&'*C1"$>u(4*MY Px1') $'Q1( H
[ ' " _v ; ( . (w)v ) (Q@Q"Q1)$ pp_L p Vp @ p_Eƒ H
hZ+'Xh H 
("
D;=1R'
P H JZ,(4$r+.()( H ‡?s1R$$%> ;V'
)x1'
PX(3,_:('
)B>u(* $'
$'
)
> 1
($C'~1&'
*
$C*+
(+$ H [ ' " _v ? , (
(„v (7 /2v #+ „v @ p_EELIH
Jx1'
$ H /(1_:,3 H ]V,'
$4(‚>u
$'-'y3,(4&1'D<;y)(4P
$2>u(2*0+
x(+.$ H 0 "
@
"Q1)$ Lp GRn @Q]I
**,( p_EƒƒH
e$ H e$4$' H ]J` ~&
2(4+ H zc3
'
3,1(4,"(4,@r]h [ [ 'D&,(4'Q1R'Q1Rw@ pFEƒn
H
[ s1eZ
(+
(1 r
$A@ChZ+ c_Yt,(4$,@y1'P ]V&1'Mo?(3 ,P H 9h [ ]J 1'm 3,}T
'Q1F:I)D1R'
)X(4+.R H 0 @ p_L d V"L ! @Q]V
*0*,( pFEE H
]1)!: (R$@ %„(4&; H J'D&'A@S1''P B(,)(4
; P
H ` *+
ˆ(4+B&Q1W
F1R('
$‚%&$‚"
13, H ,()*,+- /.0)12+143 65Q@ E "d 7 Lƒd ILEE @I`"
( p_EEDGVH
P
F1 SF1(4 9H 8 * + :3;-<3>=1?3wA
v @BC+6= 653;5 D3;551-;-<3 51E&F=1 G=> ,D1 6* F= H 8 -I+) "
=3 :->5H*J5„v H /()D1' 1>u*01'
' ^
+
$4
,(4$,@ [ '
3 H @ p_EƒƒH
f c EDG q
f 5_: Ep q
f Sh DE G q
f 61F; E Rq
f /3 Ep q
'
'
'
f /3 E q
f ƒ q
f 6J EL q
f /( ƒƒ q
f e ƒn q
f 'e o E Wq
f J# EDG q
f cF1 ƒƒ q
f 9h E Wq
f h' ƒL q
f he E Wq
f ]I` E q
f ]
‡ En q
f ] gJ q
f ] O] E q
f ]I* EL q
f ] E Wq
f ] EDG q
f z o EL q
pFn Zh '
1P b1(4(‹1'P ]V&
1(46hZ$$ H `"
"
(4_|I*C1R'
)€"I&*01B"3,,$y>u("Q1(7T
&s1R;0+
$4,(7:1R+
$4I3
1$43gP
*01'
$ H[ ' 8 * _v H1
.* 6) *7151
751*750+1?3 650+2 63;514 65H*J5„v 65 /*7143 /2v 3?+- 751-;-<3 5„v@9"Q1),$ pF!ƒƒ\pF!En
H /()1' 1>sT
*C1'' ^
+$4
,(4$,@ [ '
3 H @ pFEE H
S1FY (4,'
3kh H hZ1+
'
,(C1'
P o?'
)RT<JZY?1'
) Q1'
) H `' 'D&(VP
3&'&aP
P
'
*C1( _:y*IP,$ H EE 8 + +:3;5@I"Q1)$ n p_L &@ 1R'V
1(4; pFEƒLH
]V&Q1R(4 H h $$4,D1'
P c&,(SeZ(4:V) H /*71?3 /2v 3?+- 51-;-<3 5„v > *75 ..0* :+Vv V@
3Q1",( p GIH e
*ˆ+,( ! T p_d T Fp !d"ƒ ! T ']I,(4,$?'y`x(7&I Q3,1 [ 'D,)'
3, H ^('D&3
Jx1w@ pFEE H
H ]I3
*PI‚1'
P H `xN,1(* H /+
Z(+t'Q1F:V)D1R'0'C1 P;V'Q1*3 Y?(PC
$'
)
1'ˆ
'
$7&,1P;OP
%.
$' rQ1R&'ˆ$7&(&1W&,)R; H
[ ' 8 * _v H 1
8 * _v H 1
1@ E32
51*50+1?3 650+-6 65H*J5„v 657751-;-<3 51 @ 61;=G+5 E&F=1 G=@ p_EE IH
o?,(4'r^]I3
,?1'
P 1R*0$ H ‡?(4_Y ; H `j3,*"Q1(4$'O>\"$4&'g,$4*01R&'B&3IT
'
r
$
$4'
)V3,3,"Q1'
3;/)(P$ H?[ ' 8 * _v HD1
751*750+1?3 650+- 65H*J5„v 65 @ 6143wv =G+5)/)1 +143 65Q@Q"Q1R),$ p_L Rƒ p_LdRn @ pFEEn
H
hZP]I*0*'
$@‚h 3Q1(4P BIVPY '„@ 1(' „1kJx1)A@ ]r:,' V,'
)
@ $"
]I
%:1R'A@Q1'
P661'r
s1C H ,$ H 1F:V,( b|I".(,'
3OY 61=s1F;,(P‹(+.
1(3
%&3&( H ) + +:3;5 [ 'D&)'
3, H &1"
"F1( H
g1(7;X]VQ1 %.,(,@ 1F:V
( '
NF1,NR@r1'
PX`x'D
'D;]V,'D&N H ‡?*"Q1(4$4'X>\<Y?(1'
)}T
+Q1$Pj$4*01R&(4$O>u(=1‹*+
0(+ H‰[ ' E 8 65H 65 :3;-> @ 61;= @
:
*0 pFƒdp @
"
1),$ LLIp ILLDG @ p_E"E IH
hZPa]V**0'$ H z‚
…3,(4:R1R&(Tw:V3,<;‰*
IPk>u(OI3,1+
$713…1F:PQ1R'
3, H
[ ' 8 * _v H 1
751*750+1?3 650+-; 65H*J5„v 65&@ 61?3wv = +54/) 1 +143 65Q@
p_EELH
hZPa]V**0'$ 1'P€]V:' V,') H ^(+
1+
$7&3X(4+ˆ'Q1F:V)1R&'k'"Q1(7&1%;
+
$(4:R1+
‚,'D:V(4'
*,'D&$ H[ ' 8 * _v351*750+143 650+- 2 63;51 65H*J5„v 65/*1?3 /2v 3?+51-;-<3 5„v @ p_EE H
Jx1)%c]IQ1R ; 1R'
P $ b13 1+
'
) H F1(4'
')Z".)3F1W*01"
$ Y gYtF(1 V3F1IIP
*0&(3?'>u(*01R' H[ ' 8 * _v H 1
51*750+143 650+- 2 63;51 65H*J5„v 65
/*1?3 /2v 3?+-#751-;-<3 5„v @ p_EEDGIH
]I,+Q1R$4&1'z‚(
'1'P`x(4'
ao ( 3 R,' H [ 'D&)(&1R'
)k)(PIT<+
1$P~1'
Pj&")3,1
*C1"$>u(B*0+ (+g'Q1F:V)D1R' HX[ ' 8 * _v H1
? 3;*151
,+1?3 650+- 653"
H*5„v 65 /*7143 /2v 3?+- 751-;-<3 5„v @ p_EELH
pFnDL
f z o2oA Eƒ q I] ,+Q1R$4&1' z‚
('A@-`x(' o
( 3'A@ %>u(&1* o?
(4)D1(4PA@ &,( \F|.@yz‚
(4$4,'
\(( '
)
1
$,@ B1'
gJ,''
)
@z‚
*C1$6J>u*01'
'„@g/3Q1R, (4, @B1'
P z‚*
]I3
*P H /1"…,1(''
)O1'
P…)IT $",P…'Q1F:V)D1R'0'ChJ [ e H5[ ' (4&'W1*"
1 H f o‚ Eƒ q H
f z Uo Eƒ q ]I,+Q1R$4&1'Cz‚(
'A@ &,( QF|.@1'P >u(1* o?
(4)D1(4P H ` "
(+
1+
$7&3 1R"
"
(13
&…3'
3,(('DB*C1R"
"
')C1'P‹V3F1N,1R&'…>u(x*+
B(4+.R&$ H +Vv 3;5C+*753;5 +5)/) 1 65 6)=@ 61;= 63;51 3>==) W@ p_EEƒH
f z Eƒ q ]I,+Q1R$4&1' z‚(
'A@ ,'
$ŠT7]V %.,' B*C1''A@ ,( QF|„@ >u(1* o?
(4)D1(4PA@b1R'
P
o?,' 1R*0' ".($ H [ 'D&)(&1W&')0&".)3F1 1R'
P‹*&(43*01"
$ >u(*+
(+.
'Q1F:I)D1R' ` $4&1R&$43F1Rc1R"
"
(13 Hx[ ' 8 *_v HD1
*3 H7151
,+143650+- 65H*5"
5„v 657/*7143 /2v 3?+-#751-;-<3 5„v @
61P
$'„@ [ @ p_EEƒH
f z‚
( Eƒ q ]I,+Q1R$4&1'-z‚
(' H b'P
'
) s1'
P*C1( r$?>u(2*+
x(4+‚'Q1F:V)D1W&' Hc[ ' 8 *_v H
1
; 51*50+1?3650+- 65H*J5„v 65 @6143wv =/+5 /)1 +1?365Q@ 5:'A@
ot,%T
)
*@ pFEEƒH
f z‚
( EE 1Rq ]I,+Q1R$4&1'…z‚
(4
' H ` +
1_;,$4s1'-1""
(D1R3C&ˆ1'
P
*01( ˆP
$43,_:(4;C'C*+
(+.
'Q1F:I)D1R' H +Vv 3;5 C+*753;5 @ p_EEEH
f z‚
( EE + q ]I,+Q1R$4&1' z‚(
' H F1R('
'
)/*(3T ")3F1Rc*01"
$>u('
PI(*+
X(+.
'Q1F:I)D1R' H /*1?3 /2v 3?+-#751-;-<3 5„v @ "p G GIp @ p_EEEIH
f z EL q ] 4
( H ,$7&r1'
POe H z‚$43
3
PIT +
( (4*C1' H /"$ `a$4;V$4,*!>u( *01RP
$7&(4+
'
'g 3,Tw<;V".t+
P
')$ H[ ' 8 *_v H 1
*3;*J=1#)* 3wv *6*F=
.65 6+5„v :3;-> @61;= @98 8?: $ H[ ‡?*0"&(Z]II3<; ^(,$4$,@ p_EELH
f : En q B,(4Q1(P @r‡?($7&"
,( N,,(,@1'
P UY21RPˆ:' ^4 W1*,( H ,,"'
)x(&13 >^"$%&'/1R'
P‹(4,'D&1R&'->^* :V'
)0'
P
V( $4;V$4,*$+D;3,(4(,1R&'>U(1'
)}T
Q'
P
(b$3,1'
$ H
[ ' 8 *_v H 1
6 1@ E32951*750+143650+- 65H*J5„v 65)751-;-<3 51
@ 61;=G+5 E&F=1 G=@"Q1)'
$ E I"L !Ip @ p_EEn
H
f t1* EL q o?(1' t1R*C13
H +
-(+0V3F1NF1W&''jP;V'Q1*3-,'D:V(4'
*,'D&$0
$'
)
P
F1P‰(3 ''
)/1'
P‰:VP,'
30)(4P
$ Hˆ[ ' 8 *_v H 1
$ $4 751*750+1?3650+65H*5„v !65 @6143wv =D+5)/) 1 +1?365Q@Q"Q1)$ pFn !p \pFn !L @
/''
F1"$,@6eg@
`x"
(4 p_EELH
f 51(4q o?(1' t1*01
3
\1'P c1R 51'
); H ^s1R3, (3,)'&'X'XPI;I'
1*03‚,'D:V(4'
*,'D&$ H
2"6)*750+-#H/@6143wv E&F=1 G=@&1"
"F1R( H ]I",3,1 [ $4$
g'6/+
Bh +&$ H