agronomy practices. - Official Website of Department Of Agriculture

Serial No. DA.Crops/SM/10MP/Rubber/(1) dated 30 March 2012
Table of Contents
CONTENT
PAGES
SECTION I: Background
1
SECTION II: Objectives
2
SECTION III:
2
Programme Description
1. Rubber Planting-Rubber Block Planting
3 - 41
2. Rubber Planting – Individual Rubber Planting
42 - 53
3. Group Processing Centres ( GPC)
54 - 62
4. Productivity Enhancement
63 - 66
5. Farm Road Maintenance
67
6. Support Services
68
68
7. Implementation, Monitoring & Evaluation
Appendix 1 : Rubber Block Planting Agreement
Appendix 2 : Monthly RBP Physical Progress Report
Appendix 3a & 3b : District RBP Financial Report
Appendix 4: Borang JP/2010/1 : PERMOHONAN PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN
PERTANIAN
69 - 73
74
75 - 76
77 - 78
Appendix 5 : Assistances for Individual Planting
79
Appendix 6 : Estimated Cost for Farm Maintenance (Individual Planting)
80
Appendix 7 : Estimated Cost for Fertilizing (Individual Planting)
81 - 82
Appendix 8 : Implementation schedule for Rubber Block Planting
83
Appendix 9 : Implementation Schedule for Individual Rubber Planting
84
WORK FLOW CHART
AGRONOMY PRACTICES
85 - 88
89 - 101
SECTION I :BACKGROUND
The Rubber Development Programme that is proposed for implementation in
the 10th Malaysia Plan (10MP) has two (2) implementation approaches which are
Rubber Block Planting and Individual Planting. Majority of the programme objectives
and implementation strategies and approaches in the 9MP remain valid and will
continue to be pursued and adopted in the 10MP with some adjustments. Most of the
projects will be implemented in the Rubber Growing Zones in Betong, Sri Aman and
Sarikei Divisions. Rubber smallholders in the other Divisions will however not be totally
neglected as some provisions are also made for project implementation in the other
Divisions.
The Malaysian rubber industry remains an important contributor to the national
economy, generating RM10.5 billion in export earnings in 2009 and employing an
estimated 60,000 workers. However, while domestic consumption of natural rubber
has tripled since 1990, production has declined necessitating the import of some RM
1.2 billion worth of raw materials in 2003 to supply the domestic manufacturing
industry. The greatest decline in rubber production is in Peninsula Malaysia where no
new lands are being developed for rubber planting. In Sabah and Sarawak however,
the decline has been quite insignificant. Furthermore there are vast tracts of
undeveloped land that can still be used for rubber planting.
The small holder sector now accounts for 89% of the total production, involving
an estimated 235,000 smallholders. This sector is however beset by problems of low
productivity, high cost, low technology adoption, uneconomic farm size, low prices and
an ageing labour force. An estimated 31% of rubber small holders are living below the
poverty line. Unless appropriate measures are introduced to support this sector, it is
likely that natural rubber production in the country will continue to decline.
1
SECTION II: OBJECTIVES- RUBBER BLOCK PLANTING (RBP)
The Rubber Development Programme of the Department of Agriculture will
continue to pursue the objectives as spelled out for the 10MP period. The general
objectives of the programme are:

Increasing income of smallholders to above Poverty Line Income (PLI).

Developing rubber as a strategic crop to ensure adequate supply of
rubber and rubber wood for the rubber product and rubber wood based
industries.

Ensuring the viability of integrated rubber industry through the generation
of a sustainable rate of income.
The more specific objectives of the Rubber Development Programme are as
spelt out in the description of the individual component activities of the programme.
SECTION III :PROGRAMME DESCRIPTION
Financial allocation in the 10MP will be used for the implementation of the
following components of the Rubber Development Programme:-
1.
Rubber Planting- Rubber Block Planting (RBP) & Individual Planting.
2.
Group Processing Centres( GPC )
3.
Productivity Enhancement
4.
Farm Road Maintenance
5.
Support Services
6.
Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation
2
1. RUBBER PLANTING- RUBBER BLOCK PLANTING.
1.0
SYSTEM OF RUBBER DEVELOPMENT IN THE 10MP
The system of Rubber Block Planting to be introduced in the 10MP is similar to
that of the 9MP. The Rubber Block Planting (RBP) will be done in contiguous blocks or
areas to facilitate proper monitoring, supervision, management and eventually the
consolidation of small holders for proper extraction of latex. With this concept of block
planting, future tapping activities can be carried out in a more organized manner, e.g.
contract tapping or centralized exploitation, to ensure sufficient quantity and good
quality of raw rubber produced which would enhance the development of industries for
rubber based products and the setting up of processing and manufacturing factories
for latex and rubber wood.
2.0
PURPOSE OF RUBBER BLOCK PLANTING.
The main objective of rubber block planting is to optimize the utilization of idle
land in the interior especially the land with marginal soil types for planting of rubber
where other crops could not be planted into an economic sized holding.
The introduction of rubber block planting in an organized manner and on a big
scale would contribute to increasing the income of the rural population especially the
rubber smallholders in the interior parts of Sarawak where the source of income is
very limited. This programme would also provide employment opportunities for the
local population thus contributing in a small way to the State economy.
3.0
IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH
3.1
The planting of rubber is based on the following approaches:
3.1.1 Demarcation of the proposed project site is to be undertaken by
the farmers themselves before putting up their application for
rubber block planting.
3.1.2 DOA will determine the exact area upon receipt of applications
from the farmers.
3.1.3
A minimum area size of 20 hectares per block will be
implemented through open quotations or tenders.
3
3.1.4 The scheme fund entitlements would be allocated to the District
Agriculture Office based on the quoted amount. This fund would
be used to pay for all the works and related activities tendered out
in the course of implementing the rubber block planting.
3.1.5 The development of the rubber block planting would be carried
out by the approved contractors. Field supervision shall be carried
out by the District Agriculture Office.
4.0
IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES
4.1
The implementation procedures would be as follows:
4.1.1 The establishment of the Rubber Block Planting would be carried
out on suitable titled and untitled land.
4.1.2 The Department of Agriculture would plan, develop and manage
the development of the holdings until the rubber trees reach the
age of 4 ½ years old.
4.1.3 An agreement would be signed by to surrender their lands to DOA
to manage the development and maintenance of the rubber
holding.
4.1.4 Award letter be made to the Contractor by the DOA to develop or
maintain the rubber block planting.
4.1.5 The contractor will be jointly responsible and liable to develop and
maintain rubber block planting according to tender or quotation
specifications.
4.1.6 All payments due to the contractor would be made by the District
Agriculture Office upon satisfactory completion of works as
certified by the project supervisor and District OIC of the
Department of Agriculture.
4.1.7 After the trees have reached the age of 4 ½ years old, the project
will be handed over to the land owners.
4
4.2
Scope of Rubber Planting Programme.
The scope of rubber planting covers land preparation, farm road
construction, establishment of nursery, planting of rubber seedlings and
maintenance of rubber holdings.
4.2.1 Development and Maintenance of Rubber Holding.
DOA will carry out perimeter survey to determine the size
of the project area to be included in tender or quotation document.
The contractors will carry out land clearing, stacking,
construction of farm roads, terracing, setting-up and maintenance
of nursery, field planting and crop maintenance (weeding,
fertilizing, pest and disease control, and pruning).
4.2.2 Construction of Access Road.
Construction
of
access
road
including
related
infrastructures such as culverts, bridges, crossings, drains in
project area will be implemented through tender or quotation.
(Document I).
5.0
INTERESTED PARTIES
5.1
There will be two major parties namely:
5.1.1 STAKEHOLDERS: The Department Of Agriculture, on behalf of
the
Government
financing,
5
of
monitoring,
Sarawak.
(Planning,
coordinating
and
evaluation and the Land Owners for providing
the land).
5.1.2 DEVELOPER:
6.0
The Contractors .
ROLES OF STAKEHOLDERS
6.1
Dept. Of Agriculture (DOA)
6.1.1 Roles of the Crop Division HQ and Soil Survey Branch.
(a) Crop Division
The Crop Division is responsible;
(i)
To make an annual budget proposal to the Ministry for
Modernization of Agriculture (MOMA).
(ii)
To Prepare and call tender required of HQ.
(iii)
To estimate quota for the production of budded rubber
stumps (BRS) by the Entrepreneurs for use by the Rubber
Block Planting.
(iv)
To coordinate and inform Division, District OIC about their
BRS suppliers.
(v)
To allocate fund to the various Divisional Agriculture Office.
(vi)
To monitor the physical and financial progress of the
project.
(vii)
To
facilitate
study
on
an
Environmental
Impact
Assessments (EIA) study and the production of its report if
required.
(b) Soil Survey Branch
(i)
Will carry out the soil suitability survey of the proposed
areas, if required.
(ii)
Submit recommendations or findings to the DAO and
District OIC if soil suitability survey has been done at the
proposed site within the division or district.
6
6.1.2 Land Owners
The land owners must ensure that the land to be used for
the project is free from any dispute and agree to abide by the
rules and regulations imposed for the development of the land by
the Department of Agriculture.
They would not interfere with the contractor for carrying out
the works on their lands for the whole period of the project
implementation.
6.2
Roles of the Divisional Agriculture Officer (DAO) :
6.2.1 (a) Upon receiving physical quota from HQ, DAO will allocate to
the districts their quota.
(b) To identify physical requirements including infrastructure
(access road, bridges etc) for the proposed projects.
(c) Identify the land in collaboration with the land owners, the
location, size and ownership of the areas to be developed.
(d) The required perimeter surveys for the areas are to be done
by the District.
(e) To produce a location map of the proposed areas.
(f) The Soil Survey Division will prepare the soil report, if
required.
6.2.2 According to Implementation Schedule, the DAO:
(a)
Will approve proposals through DvPDC.
(b)
Will submit to HQ the recommended project proposals for
the approval by HQ.
(c)
Will advise the District of the approval and to make the
necessary preparation for implementing the project.
(d)
To inform and advise the DOA appointed suppliers of the
BRS quota allocated by HQ to them.
6.2.3 Upon
Knowing
The
Approval
Implementation, the DAO:
7
And
During
The
Project
(a)
Will sub-allocate the fund received from HQ to the District
as soon as possible.
(b)
Will receive monthly progress report, both financial a nd
physical, from the District OIC.
(c)
Will make supervisory visits to the project sites from time to
time.
(d)
Will resolve or defuse any disputes or misunderstanding
between parties involved in the development operation
through the Project Implementation Management.
(e)
Will carry out the extension and training for both the Staff
and farmers.
(f)
Will monitor the supply of the required planting materials to
the contractor for nurseries and field planting.
6.3
Roles of the District Officer -in-Charge and Contractors.
6.3.1 District Officer – in – Charge (OIC)
(a)
Upon receiving application from the farmers for the Rubber
Block Planting project, will carry outfield investigation to
produce project brief, spelling out locality of the project,
number of participants, soil type, topography, accessibility,
contaguosity and approximate hectarage.
(b)
Upon receiving quota from DAO, will carry out perimeter
survey, submit project paper and recommendation to the
Divisional Planning and Development Committee (DvPDC)
(c)
Will implement the project as recommended and approved
(d)
Will supervise the work of the contractor for six years or
until 10 rounds of fertilizer application done.
(e)
Will certify the work done before payment can be made
(f)
Will make the necessary payment to the contractor.
(g)
Will carry out the extension and training for both the Staff
and farmers.
(h)
Will inform HQ of BRS requirement and monitor the supply
of the required planting materials to the contractor for
nurseries and field planting.
8
(i)
Will submit the monthly physical and financial progress
reports to HQ and Divisional DAO
6.3.2 Contractor
(a)
Will carry out all the necessary works in the Rubber Block
Planting area according to the specifications as stated in
the quotation or tender within the stipulated period.
(b)
To report all the progress of the work done to the District
Officer-in-Charge within the period as stipulated in the
tender or quotation.
7.0
ROLES OF THE LAND OWNERS
The land owners must agree among themselves to undertake the
following responsibility.
(a)
To carry out „rentis‟ for perimeter survey.
(b)
To surrender their land for the development of the Rubber Block
Planting.
(c)
To sign a joint Indemnity letter to absolve the Government and the
contractor of any blame or charges for any reasonable damage caused
to the property during the course of developing the Rubber Block
Planting. Appendix 1
(d)
To give the fullest cooperation to the Government and the contractor at
all times during the project implementation period.
(e)
To assist the DOA to ascertain/monitor planting, fertilizing and
maintenance are carried out according to specification by the contractor.
8.0
FINANCE
The approved rate of grant for the programme is RM13,500.00 per
hectare for High Density Planting for a period of six years. The rates are
summarized in Table 1 below. The actual cost of the project will depends on
tender or quotation value.
9
TABLE 1: ESTIMATED COST PER HECTARE (450 PLANTS PER HECTARE) FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUBBER BLOCK PLANTING IN
10MP.
ITEM
1
2
Work Description:
Land Clearing
1a. Underbrushing, Felling
1b. Cutting & Stacking
Land Improvement
2a. Terracing @ RM 1.50/ meter for 840m/ha
3
2b. Road construction @ RM6.10/m for sub-road
(14ft wide + 1ft drain at both side) for 180m/
ha
Planting Materials and Nursery Charges Up
to 2-Whorl Polybag.
3a. Purchase of BRS ( 525 pt/ha) @
RM2.80/BRS
3b. Transportation @ RM0.20/BRS
3c. Nursery Expenses @ RM1.20/seedling
4
3d. Field Planting-Lining, Holing etc. @
RM1.30/Seedling for 450 seedling
Maintenance
YEAR (RM)
1
st
nd
rd
2
th
3
th
4
TOTAL
(RM)
th
5
6
582
490
582
490
1,260
1,260
1,098
1,098
1,470
1,470
105
105
630
630
585
585
4a. Fertilising of Rubber – 10 rounds
293
193
231
445
345
506
447
588
570
4,279
661
4b. Maintenance – weedicides. Pesticides etc.
i). In Planting- 18 rounds
89
ii). In inter row – 9 rounds
303
TOTAL
6,220
69
63
186
47
67
229
1,474
47
63
186
1,429
Note: The actual cost of the project will depends on tender or quotation value.
10
47
67
229
47
55
186
1,584
47
67
229
47
55
186
1,789
47
67
47
229
1,004
1,038
1,963
13,500
The financial requirement for infrastructures (access road, bridges etc)
for each Rubber Block Planting will be requested under separate federal 10MP
programme.
The grant would be allocated to the District Officer-in-Charge who will
make all the necessary payments for the completed work to the contractor. The
satisfactory completion of work must be jointly certified by Project Supervisors
and the District OIC.
9.0
LAND REQUIREMENT
The land area for the development of the rubber block planting should be
in aggregate or in large contiguous block. If aggregated, each block must not
less than 20 hectare and the distance between each block must not exceed
500 meters. It can both be a titled land, untitled land or a combination of both
and free from any dispute. The land should be of the class suitable or at least
marginally suitable for the planting of rubber with at least 1 metre water table.
Peat soil and swampy land with poor drainage are not suitable.
10.0
LABOUR
The contractor of the project is responsible to provide sufficient workers
to carry out the development and establishment works as specified in the
tender or quotation.
The contractor will be free to recruit workers either from within or outside
the project areas. However, priority should be given to the participants of the
programme.
11.0
ELIGIBILITY TO PARTICIPATE
All the participants who are eligible to participate in the rubber block
planting projects should meet the following criteria:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Applicant must be a local Malaysian citizen and a genuinely interested
farmer residing in the said area and have suitable land within the project
areas.
Applicant must be the head of the farm families (**Ketua Isi
Keluargatani).
Applicant must be 18 years and above.
Each applicant can only apply and be approved with a maximum of 4
hectares. However, the applicant with a land size of more than 4
hectares situated inside the project area can only be approved for a
bigger hectarage if the exclusion of the said land inhibits the total
development of the project.
** Ketua Isi Keluargatani= should be male widow, divorcee, single parent or single female as a head of family.
11
12.0
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
To ensure the smooth running and efficient management of the project
and effective monitoring and supervision of the progress, the following would be
carried out.
12.1 Management/Supervision
DOA DIRECTORATE
RUBBER SECTION HQ
AD (Rubber)
AO(Rubber)
AAO(Rubber)
SAA/AA(Rubber)
DIVISIONAL AGRICULTURE OFFICE
DAO/AO (D)
AAO/SAA
DISTRICT AGRICULTURE OFFICE
OIC
AA(PMU) or SAA/AA (Project Coordinator) (1 for every 4 Project Supervisors)
AA (Project Supervisor) (1 for 700 ha)
1 full time Project Supervisor will manage 700 ha of rubber block planting.
AA(PMU) will act as Project Coordinator if there are only 3 Project Supervisors. 1
full time PC will have to be assigned for every 4 project supervisors.
12.2
Project Monitoring and Reporting
The implementers of the project would be responsible to report the
progress in the following manner:
12.2(a)
The DAO would report on the progress of the project to the
Departmental Project Monitoring Committee (DPMC).
12.2(b)
The District Officer - in - Charge will submit monthly
physical progress report (Appendix 2) to DAO with a copy
to HQ.
12.3
Record Keeping
12.3.1 The District must keep a separate file for each Rubber Block
Planting containing updated Financial Records as spelt out in the
Operation Manual and copies of related documents such as
annual warrant allocation, payment vouchers etc.
12.3.2 District will maintain and update Financial Record (Appendix 3a
& 3b) for each RBP.
12
12.4
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENT COMMITEE (PIMC)
The purpose of this committee is to obtain the full cooperation
from the participants and to inform them of the feedback from the
development and management aspect of the project. The members of
the Project Implementation Management Committee shall consist of the
following:
Chairman - Divisional DAO
Members - AD (Rubber) from HQ
- AO (Dev)
- OIC District in charge
- Project coordinator/Supervisor
- Representative of Contractor
- Representative of the Participants
Co-opted Members - Agriculture Engineer, Soil Surveyor.
12.5
DIVISIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE (DvPDC)
DvPDC will approve project depending on project on cost as spelt
out in the Operation Manual.
12.6
PROJECT APPROVAL PANEL (PAP)
The purpose of this committee is to approve the Block Planting
and its related infrastructure costing beyond authority of DvPDC.
The Member of this committee shall consist of the following:
Chairman
- Director of Agriculture
Members
- SAD(CI), SAD(V), SAD(F), SAD(FI), SAD(R), AD(Eng),
AD(SM)
Secretary
- AD(Planning)
Co-opted members – Relevant DAO and Project Owners.
13
Document A
LAND CLEARING INCLUDING UNDER BRUSHING AND FELLING
A.
Contractual Agreement
1.
Responsibility of the Contractor
1.1
Contractor is required to take all necessary measures and
precautions to prevent loss and damage to the existing
infrastructure, property and human life.
1.2
Contractor is to take full responsibility and pay compensation to
land owners for any damage done to the boundary markers of the
scheme area.
2.
General Guidelines
2.1
The Department of Agriculture is to prepare a plan/ map to show
the layout of the block planting.
2.2
A perimeter survey is to be carried out by the Department of
Agriculture before the Contractor can start work in the proposed
area for the establishment of block planting project.
2.3
The working area is marked in the field with temporary stakes.
Any sub-division of the surveyed area into smaller blocks is to be
done by the contractor.
2.4
No payment is to be made for work carried out outside the
boundary of the marked area.
2.5
Trees outside the working area should not be felled. Contractor is
responsible for all compensations if these occur during land
preparation.
2.6
Contractor is responsible and required to pay for all damages to
properties and/ or men that may occur one way or another while
carrying out the tasks of land clearing. The Department reserves
the right to withhold all or part of the payment due to the
Contractor until all compensations for damages to properties and
men have been paid and evidence of such payments submitted to
the Department of Agriculture.
14
B.
Work specifications
1.
Under brushing
1.1
Contractor is to carry out the task of felling bushes and small tress
before the task of pushing and felling big trees. All bushes and
small tress should be cut at 6 inches from the ground level.
2.
Felling
2.1
All trees with diameter of more than 3 inches should be cut at 2 ft
from ground level.
2.2
All tree trunks and branches should be cut into reasonable
lengths for ease of moving into the inter rows. All terraces must be
cleared of timbers.
2.3
Trees must not be cut so that they felled across rivers, streams,
swamps and land that belong to owners outside the working area.
All trees that felled across rivers, streams, outside the working
areas should be pulled back by the contractor at its own cost.
3.
Clearing
3.1
Contractor should adhere to EIA regulations. As such the concept
on zero burning should be practiced.
3.2
All tree trunks/ branches and debris should be pushed and
removed as according to the guidelines on Zero burning
techniques as provided in Document B.
15
Document B
ZERO-BURNING PRACTICE DURING RUBBER PLANTING/ REPLANTING
During implementation of the zero burning, the Contractor shall adhere to all
the Rules and Regulations governing the burning of plant materials in accordance with
the Natural Resources and Environment Ordinance, Sarawak.
The guidelines for the implementation of zero- burning during rubber planting
and replanting are as follows:-
(A)
Sloping and hilly areas of more than 15° terrain.
1.
Felling of old rubber/ jungle trees as specified in Document A.
2.
Pre-line to determine where terraces will be.
3.
Pre-line to determine where the left- over plant materials will be placed in
the space (inter- rows) between terraces.
4.
Usually wider inter-rows are needed to facilitate the placement or
stacking of the plant remnants, especially on hilly terrain. As such, inter row and tree-row distances will have to be adjusted to obtain the
required planting density. Under this circumstance, the supervisor of the
project is required to advise the contractor accordingly.
5.
Once the stacking rows have been marked or determined, the tree
remnants shall be stacked in the inter-rows.
6.
Start stacking from the top of the hill and work downhill. Prevent too
much leftover materials to be pushed downhill so as to avoid an over abundance of plant materials at the base of the slopes.
7.
Some chain-sawing of the longer branches and other woody materials
may be required during the stacking process. Long pieces of wood logs,
if not well placed, are unstable and may subsequently collapse downhill.
16
8.
If there is an abundance of plant remnants which cannot be stacked
completely in the inter-rows, especially on the steeper terrain, then these
left - over materials can be pushed and stacked just beside the slopes of
the ravines or low-lying areas. However, avoid the plant remnants from
actually being placed inside the ravines or else the water ways will be
clogged up.
9.
Blanket spray the area with appropriate weedicide to eradicate weeds.
10.
Carry out planting of rubber in the usual manner. During replanting of the
old rubber area, all rubber tree stumps within the planting rows or along
the terraces shall be removed. Those rubber tree stumps which could
not be removed especially those within the inter-rows should be
poisoned by using Garlon 250 so as to prevent incidence of root
diseases.
11.
Sequential stages in Zero-burning on hilly terrain are shown in Figure 1
Figure 1 - Sequential stages in zero-burning on hilly terrain
17
(B)
Flat to gently undulating areas of less than 15° terrain.
1.
Felling of old rubber/ jungle trees as specified in Document A.
2.
Stack the plant remnants in inter-row areas. These inter-rows should,
thus, be made wider e.g 6.7 metres( 22 feet ) as compared to the other
non-stacked inter-rows which may be 5.5 metres ( 18 feet ) wide. Lining
operations must consider this feature.
3.
After stacking, lining of planting points, holing, basal fertiliser application
and field planting should be carried out.
4.
Sequential stages in zero burning on flat to gently undulating areas are
shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 - Sequential stages in zero-burning on flat and undulating terrain
UNDERBRUHING & FELLING
PRELINING TO DETERMINE
PLANTING ROWS
STACKING ALONG INTERROW
LINING & STACKING OF
PLANTING POINTS
CLEARING OF PLANTING
ROW
HOLING
FIELD PLANTING OF 2WHORL BUDDED RUBBER
SEEDLING
18
Document C
MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION OF TERRACES
1.
Specifications
1.1
Construction of terraces will be done mechanically in accordance to the
standard guidance provided by the Department of Agriculture (DOA).
1.2
Contractor should construct terraces on terrain of more than 15° along
the contour at spacing of 8.75 metres (horizontal distance) in areas
suitable for planting of rubber.
1.3
Where the spacing of terraces become less than 5 metres and
exceeding 15 metres apart, the contractor should discontinue and make
adjustment to construct a new terrace accordingly.
1.4
Minimum widths of terraces bench are 2.5 metres.
1.5
At least 1.5 metres and 1 metre of the width of the terraces bench are
derived from cutting into the original soil surface for mechanical
constructions respectively.
1.6
Reverse-slope bench terraces are constructed and the drops backward
should be 45 cm drop to the back if constructed mechanically.
19
2.
Other conditions
2.1
Soil cut from the inner slope and used for filling the edge of the terraces
must be well compacted so that the terraces are stable and not subject
to soil erosion.
2.2
In the case of mechanical construction, all the tree stumps have to be
pulled up and moved away from the terraces. All logs and branches
which lie across and block the terraces must be cleared by the
Contractor by shifting them to other location.
20
Document D
ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING ROADS
1.
Type of road
1.1
Agricultural roads are divided into access roads and farm roads.
1.1.1 Access road is from the main road to the project site
1.1.2 Farm road is the road within the project site
2.
Planning and orientation
2.1
Accessibility by roads to all the working areas is an important
requirement in the selection of the scheme participants. Supervisor of
project has to pay special attention to this requirement as no
compensation can be paid either by Government or Contractor for
construction of roads to gain accessibility. Contractor of block planting is
to plan and determine the agricultural roads which will be constructed.
2.2
Contractor is required to provide wooden stakes for the purpose of
marking and aligning the main roads and subsidiary roads. The length of
wooden stakes should be 1.5 metres and the upper 1.0 metre painted
yellow or red for main roads and subsidiary roads respectively.
2.3
Contractor is to provide all necessary cooperation which may be
required by the Supervisor of the project for determining and checking
the alignment of roads. The road alignment should be endorsed by the
project supervisor.
2.4
Contractor is responsible only for the construction of roads within the
boundary of the working areas.
21
2.5
For the purpose of effective supervision and maintenance of the project,
the contractor is required to construct roads to make all areas
accessible.
2.6
The carrying capacity of the farm road should not be more than 200
metres apart.
3.
Width
The widths of the access and farm roads are 6.10 m and 4.25 m respectively.
4.
Road gradient
Line road with gentle gradient of 1:15 to 1:10.
5.
Road boundary
Contractor is required to clear the road shoulders from bushes, logs and
branches that were left behind and remove these materials to sites approved by
the Supervisor of project.
6.
Earth work
6.1
Contractor should carry out earth work in the correct manner to ensure
adequate gradient across the road so that the water is quickly drained off
from the surface of the roads.
6.2
Cutting and filling of road surface should be done to ensure that the
gradient of the slope does not exceed 1:10 except when prior approval
has been sought from the Department of Agriculture.
6.3
If cuttings of earth are necessary, the slope at the edge of road should
not exceed 1:2 and in all cases the earth removed is used to fill in the
parts of the roads which are low- lying.
6.4
Earth for filling must be obtained from areas which require cuttings or
from other approved areas.
22
6.5
Small drains/ditch (1ft width x 1ft depth) must be constructed at the
side(s) of the road to ensure drainage.
7.
Widening and realigning
If there are existing roads which need to be realigned, such roads should be
leveled and/ or widened so as to satisfy the conditions specified above.
23
8.
Machinery
Contractor should acquire the necessary machineries for the implementation of
road construction work.
9.
Bridges and culverts
Construction of bridges and culverts should come under the work requirements
of Contractor. Temporary bridges or crossings have to be put up in certain
places so that machinery and vehicles used for the construction of roads can
pass through and the supervision of work can be carried out.
10.
Farm road maintenance
Farm road maintenance is to be carried out as required per Document G.
Payment for road maintenance will be paid upon completion of each round of
the whole area or according to the length of the road maintained progressively
24
Document E
MAINTENANCE OF RUBBER BLOCK PLANTING
1.0
Schedule of maintenance
1.1
The Contractor is to follow the maintenance schedule as agreed with the
Project Supervisor.
1.2
Maintenance of the working area starts after the field planting of 2 whorls
leaf rubber seedlings.
1.3
To facilitate maintenance and for ease of supervision, the area in each
block planting is divided into homogenous blocks of between 50 to 100
hectares each.
1.4
The Contractor is to follow the following maintenance schedule below:
YEAR
AREA
INTERVAL (DAYS) PER
ROUND
NO. OF
ROUND
1
NIL
NIL
NIL
90
180
90
3
180
90
4
180
90
5
180
90
6
180
Planting Row
TOTAL ROUND
Inter- Row
Schedule 1: Maintenance of Planting Rows and Inter- Rows
2
1.5
Planting Row
Inter- Row
Planting Row
Inter- Row
Planting Row
Inter- Row
Planting Row
Inter- Row
Planting Row
Inter- Row
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
2
1
18
9
The schedule of the maintenance work is to be worked out by the DOA
Project Supervisors. All the maintenance will cease after the trees have
reach the age of 4 ½ years (54 months).
25
2.0
Maintenance of ground cover (Inter- Rows)
2.1
The maintenance work at each round includes chemical spraying of
noxious weeds such as lalang, slashing of regrowth from shrubs and the
eradication of undesirable plants like bertam, rotan, bamboo and wild
bananas. The maintenance of inter-row areas must be done every 180
days (6 months) as in Schedule 1. Soft weeds are allowed in the interrow areas. No weed is allowed to grow more than 50 centimeters high.
2.2
In areas which are covered by natural regrowth, the areas must be
maintained with only soft weeds which are permitted by the Supervisor
of the project.
2.3
When carrying out the maintenance of these areas, the Contractor is
allowed to use only weedicides which are approved by the Supervisor of
the project.
2.4
To prevent young rubber trees from strangulation by cover crop
creepers, the contractor must remove all creepers climbing up the trees
at regular intervals.
2.5
3.0
Estimated area of inter-rows is 7,131m2 (0.72 hectare) per hectare
Maintenance of rubber areas (Planting Rows)
3.1
Weeding of the planting rows must be carried out at a regular intervals
as specified in Schedule 1 and besides manual slashing, spraying with
the following chemicals should be done at 90 days (3 months) intervals
as follows :-
26
3.2.1 For round 1 and 2, weedicide with the following active ingredients
should be used at the rate of 50 ml mixed with 4.5 litres of water.
….. 53.2 % w/w
a) DSMA ( 6H2O )
….. 4.5 % w/w
DIURON
2, 4-D Sodium salt monohydrate
(2, 4-D equivalent...10 % w/w)
….. 11.8 % w/w
3.2.2 For round 3 and subsequent rounds, weedicide with the following
active ingredients should be used at the rate of 70ml mixed with
10 litres of water.
a) Glyphosate isopropylamine (glyphosate..24.0% w/w ) 32.5%
w/w 2,4 - Disopropylamine ( 2,4-D.3.0 % w/w ) ....3.8% w/w
3.2
Contractor is required to take necessary precautions to ensure that the
rubber seedlings are not killed or damaged by herbicides when carrying
out the work.
3.3
Controlled and Corrective Pruning
Contractor is required to maintain the rubber plants by practicing
controlled and corrective pruning techniques as advised by the DOA site
supervisor.
3.4
Maintenance of Planting Rows and Inter-Rows
Where maintenance of both planting rows and inter- rows are to be
carried out with that particular interval, maintenance of planting rows
must be completed first before maintenance of inter- rows can start for
the whole area or in a particular block.
3.5
Estimated area of planting rows is 2,100m2 (0.21 hectare) per hectare.
27
4.0
Maintenance of valley and boundary
4.1
In areas which are low and not planted with rubber such as valleys, and
boundary of jungle, the Contractor is also required to carry out
maintenance work.
4.2
An area of at least 1.8 m from the bottom of the valley to the nearby high
ground is to be well maintained by chemical spraying/ slashing.
4.3
An area that is 1.5 m wide around the jungle boundary is to be
maintained.
4.4
An area that is 1.0 m wide along both sides of the drain or any low- lying
area is to be sprayed.
5.0
Herbicide
5.1
The contractor is required at his own cost to plan, buy and transport all
herbicides necessary to the project sites. He is also required to obtain a
poison spraying license and also follow other directives under the Poison
Ordinance 1949.
5.2
DOA reserves the right to request herbicides in its original packing to be
submitted for analysis.
5.3
Herbicides application can only commence upon written notice by DOA.
5.4
Herbicides that do not meet the specifications are to be replaced by the
contractor until the subsequent samples prove the herbicides are
according to specification.
5.5
Contractor is to keep empty cans/ containers for verification by DOA
before payment of invoice.
28
6.0
Payment and Dispute
6.1
Payment for the maintenance of rubber block planting may be paid
according to the size of the blocks, which must be at least 50 hectares.
Immediately after the contractor have completed the maintenance work,
the DOA Project Supervisor is to do counter checking in the field and
satisfied with the work done before payment certification can be made.
6.2
After completion of each round of maintenance for each block and
having satisfied all the terms and conditions, the contractor is entitled for
100% payment for the particular block.
6.3
Payment for each round of maintenance can be withheld until the
contractor has satisfactorily carried out all the works required. The
Supervisor of Project is to point out the shortcomings, if any, on the work
done and direct the contractor to make necessary improvements within a
specific time frame (e.g. One (1) week for a block of 100 hectares). Item
7.0 may be imposed if no improvements are made.
6.4
Any dispute arising between contractor and Supervisor of the project on
the quality of maintenance work should be referred to the Project
Implementation Management Committee (PIMC).
7.0
Work delay And Liquidated Ascertained Damage
7.1
Contractor has to employ adequate number of workers each day so that
the maintenance work required for all areas can be fully and
satisfactorily carried out in accordance to the schedule of not more than
90 day intervals as specified in this contract. The contractor will be
charged penalty of 0.4% of the contract sum of the round per week if
each round of maintenance is delayed as required in the service order.
Written and verbal warnings would be given to the contractor for failing
to rectify the work delays provided that such delay in the performance of
its obligations shall not be due to an event of force majeure including
(without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing) Government
29
restriction, orders, demands or directions, restrains or judgments of
Court of competent jurisdiction, incremental weather, storms or other
labour disturbances. The Department reserves right to terminate the
contract if delay prolongs for more than 60 days. DOA reserves the right
to reschedule the maintenance calendar.
30
Document F
FERTILIZING OF RUBBER BLOCK PLANTING
1.
Fertilizing of the rubber trees begins at field planting of rubber. Application of
110g of CIRP into the planting holes is to be followed by 10 applications of
fertilizers until the 54th. month as shown in the fertilizing schedule 1 below.
2.
The contractor is required to use the recommended fertilizers RRIM ' X ' and
RRIM ' Y ' as specified below.
3.
Field application of fertilizer should be carried out under the close supervision
of the Supervisor of the project.
4.
The contractor should avoid the application of fertilizer during prolonged dry
period or period of heavy rain.
5.
The contractor is to safeguard the quality of the fertilizers used by having
proper storage place. Fertilizers over the expiry date or become liquefied or
solidified are not suitable.
6.
The contractor should ensure that the area for placement of fertilizer is free
from weeds during application.
Schedule 1. Rate of Fertilizer Application Recommended for Young
Rubber
Months
Rate (gm)
Types of
after planting
2 months
per tree
150 gms
Fertilisers
RRIM Mixture Mag X
7 months
150 gms
RRIM Mixture Mag X
12 months
200 gms
RRIM Mixture Mag X
18 months
350 gms
RRIM Mixture Mag X
24 months
350 gms
RRIM Mixture Mag X
30 months
400 gms
RRIM Mixture Mag Y
36 months
450 gms
RRIM Mixture Mag Y
42 months
500 gms
RRIM Mixture Mag Y
48 months
600 gms
RRIM Mixture Mag Y
54 months
600 gms
RRIM Mixture Mag Y
31
Percentage of nutrient content of RRIM Mixture Mag X and Y
Fertiliser
N
P2O5
K2O
MgO
RRIM Mixture Mag X
8.4
14.4
7.2
2.1
RRIM Mixture Mag Y
10.7
10.4
7.2
2.1
N.B. Avoid applying fertilizer during the drought or during rainy weather.
7.
Payment for fertilizer application will be paid according to each round
completed for the whole area or according to the block completed, which must
be at least 50 hectares.
8.
Work delay And Liquidated Ascertained Damage
The contractor will be charged penalty of 0.4% of the contract sum of the round
per week if each round of fertiliser application is delayed as required in the
service order.
32
DOCUMENT G
MAINTENANCE OF FARM ROAD AREAS
1.0
Maintenance of road areas
1.1
All the areas along both sides of agricultural roads are to be kept free
from plants so that the roads are not blocked.
1.2
Contractor can use herbicides for weed control but permission must be
sought in advance from the Supervisor of block planting.
1.3
The contractor must carry out the scrapping of the uneven road
surfaces, fill the potholes, compact and press or roll over the scrapped
surface areas using the appropriate machineries and both sides of the
road should be kept lower than the road mid-section.
1.4
small drain/ trough must be maintained/ repaired at the side(s) of the
road to ensure drainage.
1.5
The maintenance of the farm road will be carried out as and when
required.
33
Document H
PREPARATION OF PLANTING MATERIAL, LINING, HOLING, FIELD PLANTING
AND SUPERVISION.
1.
Planting Materials
Budded Rubber Stumps ( BRS ) in 10MP
1.0
1.1
Supply of Budded Rubber Stumps (BRS)
DOA will purchase directly BRS from entrepreneurs for its Rubber
Development Programme in the 10MP (2011 – 2015) upon approval
from the authority for procurement through direct negotiation. The
negotiated price (ex-farm and transportation price) from entrepreneurs
will be evaluated in Departmental Tender Committee before submission
to SFS for waiver of tender approval. Insufficient BRS will be purchased
through tender or quotation.
1.2
The suppliers are to produce BRS of the recommended Latex Timber
Cones (LTC) PB 350, RRIM 2023 2025 and 3001 only. To ensure that
the budsticks are from a reliable source, they are to get them from the
rubber source bush nurseries at any of the nearby Agricultural Stations
namely, Tarat PMPC, IAS Layar, Sg. Paoh DETDC and Kabuloh Station
at 10sen per metre, if they have not enough budwood of their own.
1.3
The appointed suppliers are advised to do the following, failing which
they may be dropped from participating in supplying the BRS.
1.
Should have enough healthy root stocks in the ground nursery to
cater for his quota. The root stock should be budgrafted at 5 cm
from the ground level when the trunk of the plant is around 1.20
cm to 3.50 cm in diameter and must be around 3 to 7 months old.
2.
Only good and healthy BRS with budding strips removed are to
be supplied. The length of the BRS should be between 30 cm to
35 cm long with the budpatch around 10 cm from the ground level
and the roots must not be crooked or twisted and upper cut end
waxed.
34
35

Bulk up their own source bush nurseries of the required LTC PB
350, RRIM 2023, 2025 and 3001 to supplement the supply from
the Agricultural Stations.

the following required mother plants of the 3 clones in the rubber
source bush and the BRS supplied are to be properly labelled and
coded with the following colours:
a) PB 350
- Green
b) RRIM 2023 - Yellow
c) RRIM2025 - Red
d) RRIM 3001 - Blue

All the BRS supplied are to be properly packed as sketched
below;
36

The delivery are to be inspected on site by the representatives of the
contractor of the block planting who will do the nurserying works, the
DOA site supervisor and the suppliers. The supplier or his
representative should be informed on the spot of the number of
rejected BRS (if any). Payment should be made based on the
number of BRS accepted and agreed upon by all parties.
1.5. The transportation cost , inclusive of arranging for pythosanitary certificates and
other relevant documents when necessary , for sending the BRS to the various
Divisions are as follows :
DISTANCE FROM SUPPLIER TO
DESTINATION
TRANSPORTATION COST PER BRS
Within 250km
10 sen
Within 400km
15 sen
More than 400km
20 sen
To Song (15sen/BRS) & Kapit
(30sen/BRS) by Express Boat (+ extra
handling charges) from Sibu
Land transport cost + express fare
37
e.g
DESTINATION
MILEAGE
TRANSPORT COST/BRS
From Nyan Mei to Pantu
Within 250km
10sen
From Nyan Mei to Miri
More than 400km
20sen
From Semaian Tan to Kuching
More than 400km
20sen
From Tindin to RME Selepong, Within 250km
Sri Aman
More than
From Maju Jaya MT to Song
400km(20sen) +
express fare
(15sen)
From Maju Jaya MT to Kapit
More
than
400km(20sen) +
express
fare
(30sen)
DAO may call quotation for transport of BRS (if necessary).
1.5
10sen
35sen
50sen
The payment due to the BRS suppliers for the supply of the BRS
(including transport charges, where applicable) must be made within one
month or earlier upon receiving the bill which have been duly certified by
the DOA Site Supervisor, Contractor and the suppliers or their
representatives.
1.6
The quota for each entrepreneur would be made known to them in the
preceding implementation year.
1.7
Guidelines on the nurserying of BRS by the Contractor
a)
The budded stumps are to be raised in black perforated polythene
bags up to two- whorls leaf stage before field planting is carried out.
The recommended size of the polybag is 15cm x 35cm lay flat.
b)
The polybags should be arranged in rows of 2 to provide enough
space for the plants to grow properly and avoid overcrowding.
38
c)
During the nursery stage, compound fertiliser NPK Mg (15:15:6:4)
at 7 gm per polybag is to be applied regularly at monthly intervals
for four months. Foliar spraying using foliar fertilizer (Bayfolan at the
rate of 60ml per 18 Litre of water or equivalent) should be carried
out once a week for 10 weeks. No foliar spraying should be carried
out after that. The leaves of a 2 whorls leaf seedling should have
hardened by the 16th week when the plants are ready for field
planting.
d)
Pests and diseases control are to be carried out regularly by the
contractor under supervision of the RBP supervisors.
2.0
Lining
2.1
The field planting distance of rubber is 5 metres by 4 metres for flat area
and 8.75 metres by 2.25 metres for hilly area.
2.2
The contractor must ensure that the lining for planting point should be
1.5 metres away from the cut terrace of mechanically constructed
terrace.
2.3
Lining pegs should be used to mark the planting points before holing is
done.
3.0
Holing
3.1
Planting holes can be made either mechanically or manually and should
be ready before field planting is done.
3.2
The planting holes size should be at least 45 cm square at the top, 45
cm deep and 30 cm square at the bottom.
39
4.0
Field Planting
4.1
Only healthy 2 whorls leaf plants with hardened leaves should be used
for field planting.
4.2
Before field planting, the contractor is to apply 110gm of rock phosphate
in each planting hole.
4.3
For filling in the planting hole, the contractor should use friable topsoil
and the soil in the hole must be firmed to avoid water-logged condition.
4.4
The contractor is required to replace all dead, stunted or vacant points
with a healthy hardened 2 whorl leaf mature plant.
5.0
Supervision
5.1
The contractor must ensure efficient and effective supervision be
undertaken at all levels of work operations as stipulated above.
5.2
The Department of Agriculture (DOA) will hold back payments for work
not done as according to specifications and standard as stipulated in the
tender or quotation.
40
Document I
DETAILS ON INFRASTRUCTURE
1.
Budgeting
Infrastructure such as access roads, bridges, crossings, culverts, drains
may be built to support the development of rubber block planting. Each year the
District will submit project proposals estimates to HQ. Estimates will contain
details on the project location, type of infrastructure, dimensions and estimated
costs.
2.
Divisional Financial Allocation
Upon budget approval, the Crop Division will approve financial
allocations to the Divisions based on approved budget and project proposal
submission. Fund will be used to pay the contractor for carrying out the work.
3.
Project Approval
Infrastructure projects will be approved in accordance with the Crop
Operation Manual.
4.
Project Implementation
Tenders or quotations will be called by the Divisional Agriculture Office
or Headquarters, depending on the project value.
41
2.
1.0
RUBBER PLANTING - INDIVIDUAL RUBBER PLANTING
BACKGROUND
This approach of rubber planting is designed to be used in remote areas
where it is not feasible or too expensive for the works to be done a by
contractor and where individuals whose lands are scattered and cannot join the
block planting. Besides, individual rubber planting is necessary for the following
reason:
(i).
Economic
For the rural population who reside deep in the interior, their income is
limited. Rubber planting is one of the commodities that are seemed to be
able to raise their income above poverty level. The demand for rubber
commodities is expected to remain stable; this ensures that rubber
planting participant can earn good income, provided that they put in their
effort.
(ii).
Inclusiveness
The rural population need not be lagging behind when it comes to
enjoying the fruit of development brought about by the government. The
individual rubber planting programme is a wise step undertake by the
government for the benefit of the rural people.
(iii).
Availability of land
There are land owner whose lands are scattered thus excluded from
block planting. Individual planting approach is more practical, in which
the participant will undertake to do the projects themselves whereas the
DOA will supply planting material, inputs and tools required.
(iv).
Accessibility (by land and river system)
The lack of access road makes it very difficult and costly to mobilize
machineries to the project site. Hence individual planting is more suitable
to be implemented.
The involvement and commitment of the participant are very important
in view of the fact that they are to undertake the farm development later.
42
(v).
Suitable and practical crop
Where access road is either limited rubber planting is a very practical
crop to be planted. This is because rubber products such as rubber
sheet (smoked or un-smoked) or cuplump can be stored for a prolonged
period. These enable them to accumulate their stock as much as
possible, thus saving time and transportation costs.
(vi).
Expand of rubber areas
Individual rubber planting not only helps to increase areas under rubber
but also the output of rubber produce and of course cess collection by
the government.
2.0
ELIGIBILITY TO PARTICIPATE
All the participants who are eligible to participate in the individual
planting projects should meet the following criteria:
(a)
Applicant must be a local Malaysian citizen
(b)
Genuinely interested farmer residing in the remote area
(c)
Applicant must possess land of the class suitable or at least
marginally suitable for the planting of rubber with at least 1
metre water table. Peat soil and swampy land are not
acceptable
(d)
Applicant must be the head of the farm families (**Ketua Isi
Keluargatani)
(e)
3.0
Applicant must be 18 years and above
Application and Approval Process
(i).
Receive application from applicant.
All the interested farmers are to submit their requests to the
District Agriculture Office using the appropriate application form (Borang
JP/2010/1 : Permohonan Program Pembangunan Pertanian) as in
Appendix 4.
43
(ii).
Field verification by the Project Supervisor from the respective District or
Division concern.
Upon receiving application from the farmers for the Individual
planting project, Project Supervisor will carry outfield investigation to
produce project brief, spelling out locality of the project, soil type,
suitability, topography, accessibility and approximate hectarage.
(iii).
Project appraisal.
Project‟s appraisal will be done at DsPDC and then the District
Heads will forward their recommendations to the respective DAOs.
(iv).
Project approval.
The proposals will be approved through DvPDC and then
respective DAOs will submit to HQ the recommended project proposals
for the approval by HQ.
(v).
Project procurement and implementation.
The procurement of Agricultural input and farm tools will be done
at Divisional level if the project cost is less than RM500,000.00.
Meanwhile, if the project cost is more than RM500,001.00, the
procurement will be done at HQ level.
The respective Agriculture‟s Divisional Office will advise the
District of the approval and to make the necessary preparation for
implementing the project. The District Concern will implement the project
as recommended and approved.
(vi).
Monitoring and evaluation.
District Officer -in-Charge will submit the monthly physical and
financial progress reports to DAO and HQ.
44
4.
ENTITLEMENT
4.1
Each participant is only eligible for a minimum 1 hectare and maximum
of 4 hectares.
4.2
The total scheme entitlements per hectare are RM13,500 for a period of
6 years. These entitlements would be used to pay for all the inputs,
works, incentives and related activities carried out in the course of
implementing the project. Details are given in Table 2.
45
TABLE 2: ESTIMATED COST PER HECTARE for INDIVIDUAL PLANTING (500 PLANTS PER HECTARE)
Year
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
Total:
Work Description:
A. Land Development
1. Demarcation (Incentive Payment)
2. Farm Tools and Equipment (refer to Appendix 5 A)
3. Land Clearing (Incentive Payment)
a. In advance
b. After completion
4. Lining (Incentive Payment)
5. Platform Construction (Incentive Payment)
6. Holing (Incentive Payment)
50.00
50.00
360.00
360.00
870.00
1,000.00
440.00
280.00
1,000.00
280.00
1,500.00
420.00
717.00
403.00
1,610.00
1,725.00
115.00
110.00
240.00
240.00
275.00
275.00
7. Planting Materials
a. Purchase of 575 BRS @RM2.80/
BRS
b. Transportation @ 20 sen/ BRS
c. Purchase of 3 bags fertiliser for nursery @ RM 80/ bag
8. Field Planting @ 55 sen / seedling (Incentive Payment)
C. Maintenance Work
1. Farm Tools and Equipment (refer to Appendix 5 B )
2. Farm Maintenance - 18 rounds, weedicides, pesticides
etc.
3. Fertiliser Application
390.00
200.00
4 rounds
200.00
4 rounds
200.00
4 rounds
200.00
4 rounds
100.00
2 rounds
60.00
1 round
480.00
3 rounds
640.00
2 rounds
720.00
2 rounds
880.00
2 rounds
480.00
1 round
404.00
589.00
664.00
709.00
424.00
2,790.00
6,220.00
1,474.00
1,429.00
1,584.00
1,789.00
1,004.00
13,500.00
Incentive Payment for item C2 and C3
TOTAL
390.00
900.00
3,260.00
Note: The price rate of inputs will depend on the tendered/ quoted price or market price. Incentive payment paid in lieu of work done or Incentive
payment will be reduced or increased to offset increase or decrease in cost of inputs.
46
ESTABLISHMENT OF INDIVIDUAL RUBBER FARM
1.
LAND PREPARATION
Demarcation (Rentis)
1.1
2.
Participant will carry out the demarcation of approved rubber farm.
LAND CLEARING
2.1
Participant will be given assistance in form of farm tools as tabulated in
Appendix 5.
2.2
An advance of RM 800 will be paid to the participants to do felling,
under-brushing, clearing and cutting.
2.3
All tree trunks/ branches should be cut into reasonable lengths and be
pushed and removed from the designated platform/ terrace areas
(Figure 1).
Figure 1: Stacking at hilly area
47
3.
LINING (STRAIGHT & CONTOUR) AND PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION
Equipment required for lining and platform construction are peg, nylon rope,
measuring tape and leveling device.
3.1
Lining for flat to gently undulating areas
3.1.1 Planting point should be marked along a straight line.
3.1.2 Field planting distance is 5 metres (between rows) by 4 metres
(within rows) giving a planting density of 500 points per hectare.
3.1.3 Use lining pegs to mark the planting points before platform is
done.
3.2
Sloping and hilly areas
3.2.1 Planting point is to be marked along the contour of the slope.
3.2.2 Field planting distance is 8.75 metres (between rows) by 2.25
metres (within rows) giving a planting density of 500 points per
hectare.
3.2.3 Starting point for lining should be at the upper part of the hill site.
3.2.4 Use leveling device (A frame with spirit level) to ensure planting
rows and inter-rows are leveled.
3.1.4 The size of the platform should be 1.2 m X 1.2 m
3.1.5 Within 5 years after planting, participants is required to link each
platform by constructing terrace. Terrace will facilitate them to
transport the yield.
48
4.
HOLING
4.1
Dig a planting hole with the size of 45cm X 45cm X 45cm (width X length
X depth).
See diagram below.
45 cm
B
60 cm
45 cm
60 cm
A
60 cm
Soil
45 cm
45cm
cm
60
Figure 2: Appropriate hole size. A) View from above B) View from side
4.2 Leave the dug-out holes for 2 – 3 weeks before planting.
5.
FIELD PLANTING
5.1
Select healthy 2-whorl leaves rubber seedlings with harden leaf for field
planting.
5.2
Apply 110g of CIRP in each planting hole.
5.3
Remove the polybag from the seedling. Place the seedling into the
planting hole below the ground level.
5.4
Fill in the planting hole with friable topsoil until budded point is covered.
5.5
Firm up the soil in the planting hole to avoid water-logged condition.
5.6
Mulching is encouraged after field planting to retain moisture and to slow
down the re-growth of weeds.
49
NURSERY ESTABLISHMENT
1.
Select a nursery site on a flat area which is close to water source as adviced by
DOA.
2.
Under this system, each participant is provided with 575 sticks of BRS and
polybags by DOA.
3.
Polybags should be filled with top soil mixture before BRS are supplied to
participant.
4.
BRS must be planted immediately into the polybag upon receipt.
5.
Watering should be done at least once a day except on rainy days.
6.
Farmers will be supplied with fertiliser (NPK Yellow) for them to raise the
seedlings until they reach two-whorl leaf stage and ready for field planting.
During the nursery stage, compound fertiliser NPK Mg (15:15:6:4) at 7 gm per
polybag is to be applied regularly at monthly intervals for four months.
Foliar spraying using foliar fertilizer (Bayfolan at the rate of 60ml per 18 Litre of
water or equivalent) should be carried out once a week for 10 weeks. No foliar
spraying should be carried out after that.
The flush of a 2 whorls leaf seedling should have hardened by the 16 th week
when the plants are ready for field planting.
50
MAINTENANCE OF RUBBER FARM
Participant will be given assistance in the form of farm tools as tabulated in Appendix
5A and Appendix 5B, weedicides or herbicides or pesticides (Appendix 6) and also
fertiliser (Appendix 7).
1.
Weed Control
1.1
Weed control should start after the field planting of two-whorl budded
seedlings according to schedule below (Table 1).
Table 1: Weed control schedule for 4 ½ years
1.3
YEAR
DAYS PER ROUND
NO. OF ROUNDS
1
NIL
NIL
2
90
4
3
90
4
4
90
4
5
90
4
6
90
2
Total
18
Weed control of planting rows is to be carried out for 4 rounds while the
inter- rows is to be carried out for 2 rounds per year.
1.4
Assistance in the form of weedicide will be given during the maintenance
period for 4 ½ years (54 months) commencing from field planting until
completion of manuring round.
51
16
2.
FERTILISER APPLICATION
2.1
Fertilising of rubber trees begin at field planting of rubber. Application of
110g of CIRP into planting hole is to be followed by 10
rounds of
application of fertiliser until the 54th month as shown in table 2.
Table 2: Recommended rate of fertiliser for young rubber trees
Months After Planting
Rate (g) per Tree
2 months
150
7 months
150
12 months
200
18 months
350
24 months
350
30 months
400
36 months
450
42 months
500
48 months
600
54 months
600
2.2
Avoid applying fertiliser during the drought/ during rainy weather
2.3
Alternate fertiliser recommended for use is NPK yellow N:P:K+MgO
(15:15:6:4).
2.4.
3
Fertiliser will be applied after completion of weeding.
PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL
Details on pest and disease control is described in Agronomy Pratices (Page 89
– 101).
52
4
PRUNNING
4.1
Corrective or formation Prunning
The objectives for corrective or formation prunning are:
a) To correct the depictive growth of the tree as a result of
uncontrolled or imbalanced branching.
b) To stabilize the tree.
c) To reduce the wind damage as the tree reaches maturity.
4.2
Controlled Prunning
The objectives for objective are:
a) To abtain an upright, clean and smooth tree for tapping.
b) To maintain or maximizes the foliage on the tree
c) To boost growth thereby shortening the young stage of the tree.
d) To increase yield.
Participant is required to practise controlled and corrective pruning as advised by the
DOA Project Supervisor.
INCENTIVE PAYMENT
Each participant is required to open a bank account to facilitate payment of incentive.
Details of particulars of payment is stated in Table 2 above.
53
3.
1.1
RUBBER GROUP PROCESSING CENTRES (GPC)
PURPOSE
The main purpose is to provide assistance to a group of active rubber
small holder tappers to construct a centralized proper processing facility as an
incentive to encourage them to produce better quality rubber sheets that would
fetch better price.
1.2
TARGET GROUP
Two main target groups are the rubber small holders from the matured
rubber mini estates or block planting areas and the other ordinary rubber small
holders from other areas. The number of participants to be eligible for
assistance per group must not be less than 10 active rubber tappers from the
same locality. The following are the main criteria.
a)
The group currently carrying out rubber tapping as one of the main
farming activities.
b)
Have improper or no existing basic processing facility.
c)
Willing to construct and properly maintain the facility on a 'gotong royong
' basis.
d)
Willing to top up the fund for the construction of the shed should the fund
allocated be insufficient to cover the total cost.
1.3
TYPES OF ASSISTANCE.
1.3.1 The total entitlement is RM17,000 for a double unit GPC. Out of this
amount RM9,000 would be allocated to the District for the purchase of
building materials e.g cement, zinc sheets for the roof, belian posts,
bricks, sand and gravels and other relevant materials for the construction
of the shed. The other RM8,000 would be used to purchase the following
latex processing equipments.
a) 2 pairs of rubber mangles (ribbed and smooth).
b) 10 innos of 45 Litre buckets.
c) 10 innos of 18 Litre buckets.
54
d) 40 innos of a 2 Litre measuring cup.
e) 5 sets of double latex strainers.
f) 300 innos of coagulating pans.
1.3.2 Other groups of rubber smallholders who requests for rubber mangles
only may also be given a set or more of rubber mangles. The number of
mangles to be issued to this group depends on the number of potential
tappers using the facility. No other form of assistance is given.
1.4
The structural plan of the processing shed are as attached. However, the size
of the shed may be adjusted or varied to suit the local condition upon approval
by the District Officer -In-Charge.
1.5
All the interested farmers are to submit their requests to the District Agriculture
Office using the appropriate application form as attached and the District Heads
will forward their recommendations to the respective DAOs for approval by
PAP.
55
A
56
57
58
59
APPLICATION FORM FOR
RUBBER GROUP PROCESSING CENTRE ( GPC )
KAMPUNG/ RUMAH: ______________________________
1. a) Locality : _______________________________
b) Distance to the nearest village/ town: ____________ ( kms/hrs)
c) Transportation ( by land or river ) : _____________
2. a) Total rubber hectarage in this Kampung / Rumah
i) Mature: _______ ha
ii) Immature: _______ ha
b) No. of active rubber tappers in this Kampung / Rumah: _________
3. Existing processing facility * : a) Nil
b) Poor condition / needs repair
c) Not enough
4. Name of project leader:_______________________ NRIC:_________________
.........................................................
(Signature of Group Leader)
The above survey was carried out by SAA/AA ____________________ on
_______________________________
5. Recommendation by District S/AAO
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
60
Signature: __________________ Date: _______________
6. Approved by DvPDC _____________________ Date: ___________
_______________________
DAO ___________________
* Tick whichever applicable
List of Interested Participants for the GPC
No
Names
Mature
Rubber
(Ha)
Tapped
Daily
Immature
Production
Rubber
(Ha)
By owner By others
(Kgs)
61
Distance
(farm from
house)
No
Names
Mature
Rubber
(Ha)
Tapped
Daily
Immature
Production
Rubber
(Ha)
By owner By others
(Kgs)
TOTAL
62
Distance
(farm from
house)
4.
1.0
PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT
PURPOSE
The main purpose is to provide one-off assistance (agri-chemical, rubber
tapping tools and stimulant) to active rubber smallholder tappers to increase
their rubber production and therefore leading them to generate higher income.
2.0
TARGET GROUP
Main target group are the rubber small holders from the matured rubber mini
estates or block planting areas. The following are the main criteria:
a)
The smallholders currently carrying out rubber tapping as one of the
main farming activities.
3.0
b)
Have 5 hectares or less of land planted with rubber trees.
c)
Have at least 300 matured tapped rubber trees per hectare.
TYPES OF ASSISTANCE.
Productivity enhancement programme consisting funding of:
a)
Fertilizer RRIM mixture Mag Y.
Percentage of nutrient content of RRIM Mixture Mag Y
4.0
Fertiliser
N
P2O5
K2O
MgO
RRIM Mixture Mag Y
10.7
10.4
7.2
2.1
b)
Stimulant
c)
Rubber tapping tools
ASSISTANCE RATE
Assistance rate for agriculture input is:
a)
The maximum assistance rate is RM1,066.00/ hectare.
b)
This assistance is restricted to the most 3 hectares per participant.
63
5.0
ASSISTANCE PACKAGES
The assistance package is consisting of 2 packages. Which are:
Package 1 (For 5 to 15 years old rubber trees)
No.
1
2
3
Component
RRIM Mixture Mag Y*
Latex stimulant 2.5% (500ml)
Tapping tools
Tapping knife
Sharpening stone
Latex cup, Spout,
Spring & Hanger
Price(RM)/
Unit
60/bag
10/bottle
14/blade
12/each
Unit /
Hectare
9 bags (50kg)
5 units
1 unit
1 unit
Amount(RM)
/Hectare
540
50
14
12
1.50/set
300 sets
450
TOTAL
1,066
Package 2 (For 15 to 25 years old rubber trees)
No.
1
2
3
Component
RRIM Mixture Mag Y
Latex stimulant 5% (500ml)
Tapping tools
Tapping knife
Sharpening stone
Latex cup, Spout,
Spring & Hanger
Price(RM)/
Unit
60/bag
10/bottle
14/blade
12/each
1.50/set
Unit/
Amount(RM)/
Hectare
Hectare
9 bags (50kg)
540
5 units
50
1 unit
14
1 unit
12
300 sets
450
TOTAL
1,066
All the interested farmers are to submit their requests to the District Agriculture
Office using the appropriate application form as attached and the District Heads will
forward their recommendations to the respective DAOs for approval by DvPDC.
64
APPLICATION FORM FOR
RUBBER PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT PROGRAMME
NAME:
Address:
.......................................................
IC Number:
........................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
Contact Number:
1.
2.
3.
......................................
Number of household: ......................
Total rubber farm hectarage owned by applicant: _________ ha
i)
Mature: _______ ha
ii)
Immature: _______ ha
Estimated number of rubber trees per hectare: __________ / ha
i)
Mature: _______ trees
ii)
Immature: _______ trees
Number of tapped rubber trees:
i)
Per hectare: ________ trees
ii)
Total planted areas: _________ trees
4.
Number of tapping days/week: __________day(s)
5.
Tapping by:
6.
Average income/month from tapping: RM............................
65
For office use only:
The above survey was
carried out by
SAA/AA:
Reccomendation by
district S/AAO:
Date:
.........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
S/AAO signature:
Date:
Approval by DvPDC:
: Approved
: Not Approved
Assistance approved for: ______ hectare(s)
________________________
DAO __________________
66
5.
1.0
FARM ROAD MAINTENANCE
PURPOSE
The purpose of this project is to provide assistance to groups of active rubber
small holders to maintain their access and farm road that available at their
project site. Small holders will be able to reach their Rubber Mini Estate or
Rubber Block Planting easily for tapping and harvesting their yields purpose.
2.0
TARGET GROUP
Main target groups are the active rubber small holders from the matured rubber
mini estates or block planting that has been done under DOA programme.
3.0
ELIGIBILITY
The roads are eligible for maintenance under following condition:
a)
Tapping activities by the participant still active and the assistance only is
given to the RME/ RBP itself.
b)
Road is in bad condition such as crack, subsidence, potholes etc.
c)
District OIC recommends to DvPDC or HQ for approval
4.0
WORK ORDER
4.1
4.2
5.0
All the areas along both sides of agricultural roads are to be kept free
from plants so that the roads are not blocked.
The contractor must carry out the scrapping of the uneven road
surfaces, fill the potholes, compact and press or roll over the scrapped
surface areas using the appropriate machineries and both sides of the
road should be kept lower than the road mid-section.
PROJECT VALUE
Project cost will depend on the length of the road to be maintained through
tender or quotation.
6.0
PROJECT APPROVAL
Farm Road maintenance will be approved ion according with the crop
Operation Manual.
7.0
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.
Tender or quotation will be called by the Divisional Agriculture Office or
Headquarters, depending on project value.
67
6.
SUPPORT SERVICES
The annual allocation is mainly to provide fund to cover expenditures for the
various services and activities that are necessary to support the implementation of the
various projects under the Rubber Development Programme. Among the services and
activities are:
6.1
Extension and farmers training activities, purchase of extension
equipments and teaching aids, conduct courses, in-situ trainings and
education tours for both the staff and farmers, seminars, dialogue
sessions and so forth.
6.2
Establishment and maintenance of rubber source bush nurseries at 4
Agricultural Stations, i.e Tarat PMPC, IAS Layar, Betong, ATC Sg. Paoh,
Sarikei and Kabuloh Station.
6.3
Appropriate technology promotion, maintenance of rubber hedge
planting and improvement of infrastructures at Pusat Pembangunan Dan
Latihan Getah at Semonggok
7. IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION
The fund is used for payment of travelling allowances, maintenance and repair
of vehicle, fuel and for hire of vehicle.
68
Appendix 1
RUBBER BLOCK PLANTING AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT is made the day of .
between the STATE GOVERNMENT OF SARAWAK ( hereinafter referred to as
“The Government”) of one part and _______________________________________
___________________________ residing at ________________________________
(hereinafter referred to as “ the participants”) of the other part.
WHEREAS
1. The Government is desirous through the DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
SARAWAK (hereinafter referred to as “the said Department”) to implement the
RUBBER BLOCK PLANTING PROGRAMME (hereinafter referred to as “the said
Programme”).
2. The Participant is able and willing to undertake to participate in the said Programme
for the period as stipulated in this Agreement or until the earlier termination of this
Agreement , upon the terms and conditions hereinafter contained.
3. The Participant is the claimant to the rights over a parcel of land situated at
_______________ in _____________ District containing a total area of _______
hectares, more or less, which is held under the Native Customary Rights in
accordance with section 5 of the Sarawak Land Code (Cap. 81)
(hereinafter referred to as “the said land”). The said land is particularly delineated
in red as shown in the plan in the “First Schedule”.
4. The participant has been selected and approved by the Government through the
said Department to participate in the said programme and has consented to the
Government to develop the said Land for the purpose of the said Programme
5. The Government and the Participant have agreed to enter into this Agreement to
regulate and set forth their respective roles and relationship pertaining to the
implementation of the said Programme.
69
NOW THIS AGREEMENT WITNESSETH as follows:-
1.
IN CONSIDERATION of the Participant agreeing to permit the said land to be
used in connection with the said Programme and to participate therein, the
Government through the said Department hereby undertakes to develop the area
demarcated for the said Programme, including the said land, in phases, for the
cultivation of Rubber or such other crops as the said Department may determine
or undertake such other activities connected therewith and incidental thereto and
subject to the terms and conditions stipulated in the Mechanic of Implementation
of the Programme, which may be reviewed from time to time.
2.
The Government may from time to time in future develop other land, which the
Participant may have Native Customary Right lawfully acquired under section 5
of the Sarawak Land Code (Cap. 81) in accordance with the terms and conditions
here to.
3.
The Government hereby covenants as follows:-
(i)
The Government through the said Department undertakes to ensure that the
development of the area demarcated for the said Programme, including the
said land, shall be carried out with due diligence and efficiency.
(ii)
The Government through the said Department shall carry out all activities
and do all such acts may be requisite, advantageous or convenient for or in
connection with the execution of its function.
4.
The Participant hereby covenants as follows:(i)
The Participant hereby agrees to abide by all rules, regulations and
directions as have been or may be imposed by the said Department from
time to time for the smooth and efficient development and management of
the said Programme.
(ii)
The Participant shall entrust the Government with the sole right to carry out
the development and management of the said Land as part of the said
Programme.
70
(iii) The Participant shall allow the Government, authorised officials, workers
agents or representatives to enter, occupy and carry out all necessary
activities thereon under the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
(iv) The Participant shall cooperate closely with the said Department and render
appropriate assistance to ensure that the functions of the Government in the
development and management of the said Land is effected smoothly.
(v)
The Participant shall not make any claims against the Government or the
said Department for compensation if any part of the said land should be
used for the construction of agricultural roads, fences, drains, crossings and
bridges which the Government through the said Department may deem
necessary for the development of the Programme.
(vi) The Participant hereby agrees that in participating in the said Programme,
the said Land shall be maintained and managed by the said Department
until the trees reach the ages of 4 ½ years (54 month).
5.
If the Participant shall be in breach of any term of this Agreement or if he shall
withdraw from the said Programme before the Government through the said
Department has fully established the rubber holdings, the Participant shall
automatically disqualified to participate in the said Programme and shall have no
claims against the Government for any losses or damages that he may have
incurred.
6(a)
The Government through the said Department shall carry out and manage all
the
operations
connected
with
the
establishment,
development
and
maintenance of the said Land up to the sixth year after the field planting of
rubber thereon, together with other parcels of land in the vicinity thereof
belonging to the Participant, which the Participant may wishes to develop
further under the said Programme.
6(b)
The Government through the said Department may appoint one or more local
contractor/ contractors to carry out all or any one of the activities set out in
clause 6(a) above.
71
7.
This Agreement shall be valid as long as the financial grant given under the said
Programme to the Participant is available and may be terminated upon three
months‟ notice served by the Government on the Participant.
8.
Upon the expiry of the validity of this Agreement or the termination thereof the
Participant shall take over all of the activities as referred to in clause 6(a) herein
above from the Government through the said Department .
9.
This Agreement shall be binding upon the heirs, successors in - title, personal
representative and permitted assigns of the Participant.
10. In entering into this Agreement, the parties recognise that it is impracticable to
make provision for every contingency that may arise in the course of
performance thereof and accordingly the parties thereby declare it to be their
intention that this agreement shall operate among them with firmness and without
detriment to the interest of any of them, and if in the course of performance of
this Agreement unfairness to any party is disclosed or anticipated, the parties
shall use their best endeavour to agree upon such action as may be necessary
and equitable to remove the cause of the same.
11. Provided always that in case any dispute or differences shall arise between the
Government or the said Department on its behalf and the Participant during the
progress or after completion or abandonment of the said Programme, as to the
construction of this Agreement or as to any matter or thing of whatsoever nature
arising thereunder or in connection therewith, then either party shall forthwith give
to the other notice in writing of such dispute or difference, and such dispute or
difference shall be and is hereby referred to the Director of Agriculture
Department, Sarawak, who shall mediate between the parties on the disputes or
differences, and if such mediation fails, such disputes or differences shall be
referred to arbitration before a single Arbitrator, whom shall be appointed by the
Chief Judge of High Court in Sabah and Sarawak.
12. Words importing the masculine gender shall be deemed and taken to be include
the feminine and neuter gender and the singular to include the plural and vice
versa.
72
IN WITNESS WHEREOF both parties have here unto set their hands and seals the
day and year first above written.
SIGNED by the DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE,
SARAWAK, for and on behalf of the Government,
_________________________
(
)
in the presence of :Name of Witness: _______________________
Signature: _____________________________
Address of Witness : ________________________
________________________
_______________________
SIGNED by:
Name NRIC No. Signature
1._____________________________ ________________ _____________
2._____________________________ ________________ _____________
3. etc ....
WITNESSED by: __________________________
( Signature )
Name of Witness: __________________________
( NRIC No. )
Address of Witness: __________________________
73
APPENDIX 2
Rubber/10MP/1
PHYSICAL PROGRESS REPORT OF RBP FOR THE MONTH OF ___________ 20___
DISTRICT:______________
Name of RBP
Ha
Fertilizing (G)
Ha
Rd
No
Ha
Road Maint. (I)
Rd
No
Metres
Ach.
Ach.
Ach.
Ach.
Ach.
Ach.
Ach.
Ach.
Ach.
Tar.
Tar.
Tar.
Tar.
Tar.
Tar.
Tar.
Tar.
Tar.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
NOTE:
Ach. = Achievement.
Tar. = Target.
2A = 5000 BRS did not sprout.
3F = Planting behind schedule 2 months.
4A = Waiting for BRS.
74
%
Rd
No
Farm Maint. (H)
%
No. of
Seedling
s
%
Ha
Planting (F)
%
Metres
Stacking (E)
%
Metres
Terracing (D)
%
Ha
Farm Road (C)
%
No. of
BRS
Land
Clearing (B)
%
Year
Imp.
Nursery (A)
%
N o.
Year
Appr.
APPENDIX 3a
Rubber/10MP/2
District Financial record for RBP Implementation
RBP :________________________________________________________________________
Size:________Ha
Payment
Rate per
Total Cost
No
Unit
Ammount
Item
(RM)
Bill No
Date
(RM)
(RM)
1
Land Clearing
( ? Hectares)
2
Stacking
( ? Metres )
3
Farm Road Construction
( ? metres)
4
Terracing
( ? Metres)
5
Nursery
( No. of BRS)
6
RM/BRS
RM/Seedling
Planting
( ? Seedlings)
TOTAL
75
Payment
Voucher No.
Date
Total
Progressive
Payment
(RM)
Remarks
APPENDIX 3b
District Financial record for RBP Implementation
RBP :________________________________________________________________________
Size:________Ha
No
Schedule 1
Type of work & value
Detail of work Done By
Contractor
Rate per
Unit
(RM)
7
Fertilizing
( ? Hectares)
Rd 1Rd 2Rd 3Rd 4-
8
Farm Maintenance
( ? hectares)
Rd 1Rd 2Rd 3Rd 4-
Road Maintenance
( ? metres)
Rd 1Rd 2Rd 3Rd 4-
9
Total Cost
(RM)
Payment
Bill No
Date
Miscellineous
10
i) Access road (metres)
ii) Bridges
iii) Culvert
iv) Drainage (metres)
TOTAL
76
Ammount
(RM)
Payment
Voucher No.
Date
Total
Progressive
Payment
(RM)
Remarks
Appendix 4
Borang JP/2010/1.
JABATAN PERTANIAN SARAWAK
PERMOHONAN
PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN
BAHAGIAN
:___________________________ DAERAH:________________
Sila tandakan kotak yang berkenaan ()
I:
Tanaman
Perikanan Darat
Ternakan
Industri Asas Tani dan Makanan (IATM)
MAKLUMAT PEMOHON
Nama
: _______________________________
Kaum
: _____________________
No.KP Baru
: _______________________________
* Pekerjaan (Gaji bulanan): __________
PPK (No.Ahli)
: _______________________________
No. Tel: _________________________
Alamat Rumah : ___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Maklumat Projek Sedia ada/Kegiatan Aktiviti Utama Masa Kini:
Bil
Jenis Aktiviti
*Keluasan/Unit
(ha)
Keluaran/hasil
(Kg/Bil/tahun)
Purata Harga
Jualan
(RM/Kg)
Purata
Pendapatan
Tahunan (RM)
Bantuan Kerajaan yang pernah diterima(dalam tempoh 5 tahun):
Bil
Jenis bantuan
Tahun
Nilai Bantuan (RM)
Nama Agensi
II. Maklumat Projek Yang Dipohon (Maklumat terperinci diisi dalam Lampiran):
Jenis Projek: ______________________________
Keluasan/Unit: __________________________
Nilai Bantuan (RM): ________________________
Jenis Tanah:____________________________
* Senaraikan Keperluan Bantuan:_________________________________________________________
* Nota :
Maklumat yang lengkap hendaklah diisi dalam Lampiran 1 [Borang Maklumat Permohonan ( Baru)]
77
Borang yang lengkap diisi hendaklah dikembalikan ke Pejabat Pertanian terdekat pada atau sebelum 30
April.
Status Tanah
Sila ()
Bergeran
Sistem Perlaksanaan
Individu
TOL
Berkelompok
PL (Provisional Lease)
Estet Mini
NCR
Tanah Sewa
Alamat Lokasi Projek : ___________________________________________________________________
Saya mengakui bahawa semua maklumat di atas adalah benar. Jika diluluskan, saya akan patuh kepada semua
arahan, syarat/peraturan serta kaedah/Prosedur perlaksanaan pembangunan pertanian Jabatan Pertanian
Sarawak.
Tandatangan: ____________________ Tarikh: _________________
III : PERAKUAN KETUA KAMPUNG/TUAI RUMAH (jika berkenaan)
Saya memperakukan yang pemohon serta keluarga adalah penduduk kampung/rumah panjang ini dan telah
mengusahakan kawasan tanah/projek pertanian yang dipohon.
Tandatangan
: _____________________
Tarikh : _______________________________
Nama
: _____________________
Cop Rasmi KK/TR
Nama Kpg/Rh.Pjg. : _____________________________
_____________________________
UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEJABAT PERTANIAN DAERAH
COP TERIMAAN BORANG:
Tindakan:
Tanaman
Perikanan Darat
Ternakan
IATM
Tandatangan (OiC) : ______________________
Nama
: ______________________
Rujukan Pejabat
: ______________________
Saranan
Tarikh: ________________________
Tandatangan:_________________________________
Tidak disokong
Nama
:___________________________________
Tindakan lanjut
Jawatan :_________________ Tarikh: ___________
*Nota : Maklumat yang lengkap hendaklah diisi dalam Lampiran 1 [Borang Maklumat Permohonan ( Baru/
Lonjakan)]
Borang yang lengkap diisi hendaklah dikembalikan ke Pejabat Pertanian terdekat pada atau sebelum 30 April.
78
Appendix 5
A. ASSISTANCE FOR ESTABLISHMENT STAGE (Year 1)
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Item
Mattock
Machete
Axe
Grind Stone
Water Level
Measuring Tape
Nylon Rope
Mini Spade
Polybag
Price/ Unit
(RM)
35.00
30.00
65.00
15.00
25.00
25.00
5.00
5.00
10.00
Quantity
2
2
1
1
1
1
4
2
7
TOTAL
Total (RM)
70.00
60.00
65.00
15.00
25.00
25.00
20.00
10.00
70.00
360.00
B. ASSISTANCE FOR MAINTENANCE AND FERTILISING STAGE (Year 2)
No.
1
2
3
4
Item
Sprayer
Secateurs
Pruning Saw
Machete
Price/ Unit
(RM)
150.00
20.00
30.00
20.00
79
Quantity
2
1
1
2
TOTAL
Total (RM)
300.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
390.00
Appendix 6
ESTIMATED COST FOR FARM MAINTENANCE (Individual Planting)
Year
Round
Calculation
2
1-4
1 Round
1 ha
= 4 litres herbicide
1 gallon = 4 litres
= RM 50
4 rounds = RM 50 x 4
= RM 200
Total Year 2
1 Round
1 ha
= 4 litres herbicide
1 gallon = 4 litres
= RM 50
4 rounds = RM 50 x 4
= RM 200
Total Year 3
1 Round
1 ha
= 4 litres herbicide
1 gallon = 4 litres
= RM 50
4 rounds = RM 50 x 4
= RM 200
Total Year 4
1 Round
1 ha
= 4 litres herbicide
1 gallon = 4 litres
= RM 50
4 rounds = RM 50 x 4
= RM 200
Total Year 5
1 Round
1 ha
= 4 litres herbicide
1 gallon = 4 litres
= RM 50
2 rounds = RM 50 x 2
= RM 100
Total Year 6
3
4
5
6
5-8
9 - 12
13 - 16
17 - 18
80
Total (RM)
200.00
200.00
200.00
200.00
200.00
200.00
200.00
200.00
100.00
90.00
Appendix 7
ESTIMATED COST FOR FERTILISING
Year
Round
Calculation
1st
1
1 tree = 110g CIRP
1 ha = 500 trees x 113g
= 56.5kg
1 bag = 50 kg
= RM 30
56.5 kg = ~ 2 bags
= RM 60
Total Year 1
1 tree = 150g NPK Yellow
1 ha = 500 trees x 150g
= 75 kg
1 bag = 50 kg
= RM 80
75 kg = ~ 2 bags
= RM 80 x 2 x 2
= RM 320
1 tree = 200g NPK Yellow
1 ha = 500 trees x 200g
= 100 kg
1 bag = 50 kg
= RM 80
100 kg = ~ 2 bags
= RM 160
Total Year 2
1 tree = 350g NPK Yellow
1 ha = 500 trees x 350g
= 175 kg
1 bag = 50 kg
= RM 80
175 kg = ~4 bags
= RM 80 x 4 x 2
= RM 640
Total Year 3
1 tree = 400g NPK Yellow
1 ha = 500 trees x 400g
= 200 kg
1 bag = 50 kg
= RM 80
200 kg = 4 bags
= RM 320
2nd
2&3
4
3rd
4th
5&6
7
81
Total (RM)
60.00
60.00
320.00
160.00
480.00
640.00
640.00
320.00
Year
5th
Round
8
9
10
6th
11
Calculation
1 tree = 450g NPK Yellow
1 ha = 500 trees x 450g
= 225 kg
1 bag = 50 kg
= RM 80
225 kg = ~ 5 bags
= RM 400
Total Year 4
1 tree = 500g NPK Yellow
1 ha = 500 trees x 500g
= 250 kg
1 bag = 50 kg
= RM 80
250 kg = 5 bags
= RM 400
1 tree = 600g NPK Yellow
1 ha = 500 trees x 600g
= 300 kg
1 bag = 50 kg
= RM 80
300 kg = ~ 6 bags
= RM 480
Total Year 5
1 tree = 600g NPK Yellow
1 ha = 500 trees x 600g
= 330 kg
1 bag = 50 kg
= RM 80
300 kg = ~ 6 bags
= RM 480
Total Year 6
GRAND TOTAL
82
Total
400.00
720.00
400.00
480.00
880.00
480.00
480.00
3,260.00
Appendix 8
Implementation schedule for Rubber Block Planting
No
Activities
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Pre- Implementations year
Receive application
Federal Budget Examination
State Budget approval
Inform BRS supplier of quota ( Federal )
Nursery establishment of planting materials
Inform Divisional allocation/quota (Federal)
Inform Divisional allocation/quota (state)
Identification of areas and participants/Land inspection to verify land status
Perimeter survey of proposed areas
Selection, Recommendations & approval of applications by DvPDC
Selection, Recommendations & approval of applications by PAP
Calling of Tenders and Quotations
Implementation year
Award of Tenders and Quotations
Underbrushing, felling, cutting, stacking
Terracing, road construction
Supply of BRS
field planting
Field maintenance of existing RMEs
Implementation of Group Processing Centres ( GPC )
Staff and Farmers training
Rubber source bush nursery maintenance
productivity enhancement implementation
Maintenance of farm road, bridges etc
83
Remarks
Appendix 9
Implementation Schedule for Individual Rubber Planting
No
Activities
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Pre- Implementations year
1 Receive application
2 Federal Budget Examination
3 State Budget approval
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Inform BRS supplier of quota ( Federal )
Inform Divisional allocation/quota (Federal)
Inform Divisional allocation/quota (state)
Identification of areas and participants/Land inspection to verify land status
Perimeter survey of proposed areas
Selection, Recommendations & approval of applications by DvPDC
Selection, Recommendations & approval of applications by PAP
Prepare & calling Quotation/ Tender (Procurement of Input)
Implementation year
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Award of Tenders and Quotations
Underbrushing, felling, cutting
Lining
Platform Construction & Holing
Nursery Set-up
Field planting
Field maintenance of existing RBPs
84
Remarks
85
86
87
88
AGRONOMY PRACTICES.
THE RUBBER TREE
Hevea brasiliensis, also known as the Para rubber tree after the Brazilian port of Para, is a quick
growing, fairly sturdy, perennial tree of a height of 25 to 30 metres. It has a straight trunk and
thick, somewhat soft, light brownish gray bark. The young plant shows characteristic growth
pattern of alternating period of rapid elongation and consolidated development. The leaves are
trifoliate with long stalks. Refoliation is quick and copious flowering follows. Flowers are small but
appearing in large clusters. Fruits are three lobed, each holding three seeds, quite like castor
seeds in appearance but much larger in size. The seeds are oil bearing.
The rubber tree may live for a hundred years or even more. But its economic life period in
plantations, on general considerations is, only around 32 years – 7 years of immature phase and
25 years of productive phase.
89
RUBBER PLANTING.
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR OPTIMUM GROWTH OF RUBBER TREE
1. Rainfall of 2000 to 3000 mm evenly distributed without any marked dry season and with
125 to 150 rainy days per annum
2. Maximum temperature of about 29oC to 34oC and minimum of about 20oC or more with a
monthly mean of 25 to 28oC
3. High atmospheric humidity of the order of 80%
4. Bright sunshine amounting to about 2000 h per annum at the rate of 6 h per day through
all the months
5. Absence of strong winds
RUBBER GROWING SOILS
Soil Type
Soil for rubber cultivation should have a minimum depth of one metre without any intervening
hardpan or impenetrable layer. Water table should also be well below one metre so that at least
one metre of soil with good aeration, essential for root penetration is available.
Drainage
Well-drained soil is essential for optimum growth and yield of rubber plants. In marshy areas,
owing to poor physical properties and waterlogged conditions growth of rubber is always found
to be very poor.
LAND PREPARATION
In Malaysia, rubber plantations are established in forest clearings, rubber replanting or by crop
replacement. Most of the areas available for rubber cultivation are highly undulating and the
extent of flat lands suitable for planting rubber is limited. These situations necessitate clearing of
the land and adoption of proper soil conservation measures before planting rubber.
90
JUNGLE CLEARING
Jungle felling has been done
The land to be brought under rubber cultivation should be cleared of all vegetation. Large trees
of economic value should be removed first followed by felling and removing of smaller trees and
slashing of the under growth. Stacking should be done in order to facilitate planting.
Jungle felling using Bulldozer
Jungle felling using excavator
91
STACKING
All the remaining wood should be cut into pieces that can be handled by manpower. These pieces should
be stacked on stumps and retired. In this way a large proportion of the stem itself is removed without
leaving a big hole. Extremely large diameter pieces should be cut so that they may be rolled away to the
planting row where they are left to rot.
LINING
Lining should be based on plant spacing and planting density to be adopted. Rubber can be
planted by adopting square or rectangular planting system. Square planting is suitable for level
and near level lands. Rectangular system can be adopted in flat lands and slopes. In rectangular
planting the lines should be oriented in the East West direction to intercept maximum sunlight.
Contour lining is done in undulating and hilly areas where the slope exceeds 8 per cent.
TERRACING
On hilly and undulating terrain, cutting of terraces along the contour is a recommended practice
to conserve moisture and prevent erosion. The soil on the hill side is cut from a distance of 1 –
1.5 m in front of the planting row and thrown back in such a way that the terraces so formed will
have a width of 2 to 2.5 metre and an inward drop of 30-45 cm. Steps of uncut earth are left out
at intervals along the terraces to check lateral flow of water.
92
PITTING AND PLANTING
Pitting is necessary to provide an ideal medium for the proper growth of the young rubber root
system. The standard size of the pit is 45cm x 45cm x 30cm. But in hard, stony and compact
soils, the pits should be widened. Pitting should be started sufficiently early and filling should be
completed well in advance of planting so that the filled soil will get sufficient time to settle. While
digging, the topsoil is kept on one side and the subsoil on another side. Filling should be done
with the top fertile soil as far as possible.
The organic manure and phosphatic fertilisers applied to the pits should be mixed with the top 20
cm soil in the pit. The pits should be filled to about 5 cm above ground level. A peg is placed in
the centre of the pit to locate the planting point.
At the time of planting, the top whorl of leaves of the polybag plant should be fully mature. The
soil around the bag is removed and the bags are taken out of the trench. Dressing of the lateral
roots and taproot, if grown out of the bags, may be necessary.
AFTERCARE
After planting, the plants should be inspected at regular intervals and the false shoots sprouting
from the stock should be removed and only the vigorous bud shoot is allowed to develop. Any
side shoot developing up to 2.5 metres from the ground level should also be removed by
pruning.
RUBBER TREE FERTILIZATION
Rubber tree needs fertilizer as the source of food. Nutrient contain in fertilizer can make the tree
growing faster. Reason rubber tree needs fertilizer as follow:
 Increasing nutrient content in the ground and consequently in rubber tree.
 Accelerate the growth of rubber tree.
 Avoid or restore from leaf disease.
 Accelerate patronage in rubber estate and consequently reduce weed.
 Rubber tree can be tapped in time.
93
 Increase latex production
 Accelerate bark renewal
For young tree (1- 15 years after planted), sows the fertilizer surrounding the tree in complete
circle. The radius is between 15- 60cm according to the age of the tree. Scratch the soil to make
fertilizer quickly absorb by the soil. After 15 months, sows the fertilizer in planting rows with width
of 2 meter. For adult tree in clean area, sows the fertilizer all over the area except 60cm from the
tree. If weeds grow within the inter- rows, fertilize the inter- rows with width of 3.0 to 3.5 meter.
WEED CONTROL
One of agronomy practice that important in rubber plantation was weed control. Because of
difficulty in getting labour nowadays, utilizing of herbicides or weedicides is more popular. Weed
can be considered as unwanted plant in rubber plantation. The problems caused by weed are
follows:
 Compete with rubber tree to get sunlight, water, nutrient and space.
 Stunt rubber tree growth
 Delay in tapping rubber tree
 Give a shelter to rubber pest
 Hinder fertilizing and weeding works
 Can cause fire
Weed can be controlled by using following methods:
 Plough or hoe
 Embedded with leguminous
 Consume by ruminant such as goat or cattle
 Weeding
Grass such as Paspalum conjugatum (rumput kerbau), Axonopus compressus (rumput pahit),
Ottochloa nodosa (rumput sarang buaya) and broad-leaved weed such as Borreria alata (herba
itik) dan Ageratum conyzoides (rumpai tahi ayam) which grew within inter- rows must be under
control. Wild weed such as Imperata cylindrical (lalang), Asystasia intrusa (herba jejentik),
Mikina micrantha (selaput tunggul), Ischaemum muticum (rumput tembaga jantan), Eleusine
indica (rumput sambau), Pennisetum polystachyon (rumput ekor kuda), Dicranopteris linearis
(paku resam), Chromolaena odorata (pokok kapal terbang), Stenochlaena palustris (paku
rawan), Mimosa invisa (semalu besar), Melastoma malasbathricum (senduduk) and Cyperus
rotundus (siperus halia hitam) need to be fully controlled.
Paspalum
kerbau)
conjugatum
(Rumput
Axonopus
pahit)
94
compressus
(Rumput
Ottochloa nodosa (Rumput sarang
buaya)
Borreria alata (Herba itik)
Ageratum conyzoides (Rumpai tahi
ayam)
Imperata cylindrical (Lalang)
Asystasia intrusa (Herba jejentik)
Mikina micrantha (Selaput tunggul)
Ischaemum
muticum
tembaga jantan)
Eleusine indica (Rumput sambau)
(Rumput
95
Pennisetum polystachyon (Rumput
ekor kuda)
Dicranopteris linearis (Paku resam)
Chromolaena odorata (Pokok kapal
terbang)
Stenochlaena palustris (Paku rawan)
Mimosa invisa (Semalu besar)
Melastoma
(Senduduk)
Cyperus
hitam)
rotundus
(Siperus
halia
96
malasbathricum
SAFETY MEASURES IN WEEDING
Utilizing the protective gear as following can becomes a part of good practice in weeding which
can reduce:
i)
Boot
ii)
Long sleeve dress
iii)
Rubber Glove
iv)
Plastic apron
v)
Mask
vi)
Goggle
vii)
Hat
Following listed a few safety steps for herbicides user:
i)
Keep herbicides in locked place and away from food.
ii)
Read closely the label before utilize it.
iii)
Use protective gear when spraying weedicides.
iv)
Make sure sprayer does not leak.
v)
Wash the nozzle if clogged. Do not blow it
vi)
Avoid smoking and eating while operating with herbicides.
vii)
If eyes or part of body contacted with weedicides, wash immediately with water.
viii)
Destroy empty weedicide container.
RUBBER TREE DISEASE AND PEST CONTROL
A.
STEM DISEASE
There are several diseases that commonly attack rubber stem which is:
i)
Pink Disease caused by fungi (Corticium salmonicolor)
More damaging for plants in the age group of 2 to 12 years. Main seat of infection is usually
the fork region. White or pink coloured cobweb mycelial growth on the bark surface with
streaks of latex oozing out from the lesions. Rotting, drying up and cracking of the affected
bark follow. Sprouts develop from below the affected portion. The distal portion of branches
dry and dried leaves stick to the dead branches.
Control Measure:
a) For young tree (not yet tapped), apply Bordeaux mixture one per week on to the fork
and branches to reduces disease incidence.
b) For matured tree (tapped), „Calixin Ready Mixed‟ can be applied on the infected area.
ii)
Black Stripe, Black Thread or Black Rot caused by fungi (Phytophthora palmivora)
Commonly occur in the renewed bark region, small depressions are formed due to
localised rotting and drying of bark, which gets pressed to the wood. When scraped, deep
vertical black lines running downward into the tapping bark and upwards into the renewed
bark are noticed. Bark rot often reduces yield. The renewed bark becomes highly uneven.
97
Control Measure:
a)
b)
c)
Apply „Rodomil 25WP‟ with 0.8% concentration rate by spraying or brushing at the
infected area twice a week.
Other fungicide as long as it contains oxadixil and mancozeb such as „Sandafon M‟ or
„Oxadixil mixture‟ and propineb such as „Fruvit‟ with formulation 0.6% also can be
considered.
To prevent the disease spread to other healthy tree, make sure the tapping knife
submerged in fungicide.
Pink Disease
B.
Black Stripe, Black Thread or Black
Rot
LEAF DISEASE
There are several diseases that commonly attack rubber leaf which is:
i)
Abnormal Leaf Fall caused by fungi (Phytophthora palmivora and P. botryosa)
First the fruits rot, later infected leaves fall in large numbers prematurely, either green or
after turning coppery red. A black lesion may develop on the petiole with a drop of latex,
often coagulated, in the centre. Lesion may develop on the midrib and leaf blades also.
Heavy defoliation may lead to considerable loss of crop and die-back of terminal twigs.
Control Measure:
a) Apply Oil-based copper oxychloride dispersed in diluents spray oil employing either
low volume air blast sprayers from the ground or through aerial application.
ii)
Colletotrichum Leaf Disease caused by fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)
Infect tender leaves, mostly at the leaf tip region. A spot are small, brown in colour and is
surrounded by a yellow hallo. Numerous spots coalesce and dry up leading to defoliation.
The infected leaves often crinkle and become distorted before shedding.
Control Measure:
a) For pre-mature tree or rubber nursery, spraying with Daconil or Antracol with
formulation 0.2% at five - seven days intervals until the leaf turn to green.
98
Abnormal Leaf Fall caused by
Phytophthora palmivora
C.
Colletotrichum Leaf Disease caused
by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
ROOT DISEASE
There are several diseases that commonly attack rubber leaf which is:
i)
White Root Disease caused by fungi (Rigidoporus lignosus)
Fungal hyphae sticked to the surface of root and white lines affected roots. Upper fungal
fruit is brownish while beneath is reddish. The foliage turns into yellowish and turn to dry
and fall.
Control Measure:
a) Dig up the root system. Drench fungicide within the groove.
b) For young tree (2 – 5 years), use 20g „Bayleton‟ or 20ml „Tilt‟ diluted in 2 litre water.
Meanwhile, for mature tree use 10g „Bayleton‟ or 10ml „Tilt‟ diluted in 1 litre of water.
c)
Repeat those treatment after 6 months
ii)
Brown Root Disease caused by fungi (Phellinus noxius)
Retardation in growth and general yellowish discolouration of the foliage. Affected roots
when examined and show a thick encrustation of soil, sand and fungal hyphae cemented to
the root and brown lines in the affected roots. In advanced cases the plants dry up.
Infection is noticed on young nursery plants also.
Control Measure:
a) Open up the root system. Completely killed and dried roots may be traced, pruned off
and burnt along with any rotting stump in the immediate vicinity and partially affected
and healthy roots washed with tridemorph 0.5% (Calixin 6.25 ml/l) solution.
b) When the fungicide dries up, a thin coating with a wound dressing compound may be
given. Refill the soil and drench the base with fungicide solution. The dried up plants
may be uprooted, root traced, collected and destroyed.
c)
As prophylactic, measure the bases of trees neighbouring the affected trees may also
be drenched with fungicide solution mentioned above.
d) Drench the nursery beds having affected plants with any of the above mentioned
fungicide solution.
99
White Root Disease
Brown Root Disease
Effect from root disease
D.
PEST CONTROL
In Malaysia, pest in rubber planting is divided into 3 groups:
i)
ii)
iii)
Insect
Mollusc
Mammal
i)
Insects
Species
Grasshoppers
Crickets
Control Measure
Controlled with the following pesticides:
1. Orthene 75S @ 1g + 1 lit water
2. Tamaron 600 @ 1 mil + 1 lit water
3. Malathion LV @ 1 kg per hectare
Controlled with the following pesticides:
1. Lindane 20 @ 2.5 mil + 1 lit water
2. Tamaron 600 @ 5 mil + 1 lit water
3. Orhene 75-S @ 1g + 1 lit water
4. Malathion LV @ 1 kg per hectare
100
Termites
Barnacles and
Mealybugs
Thrips
Leaf worms
Yellow mites
Ladybugs
Leafbugs
ii)
Controlled by drench the following pesticides at the base of
the tree:
1. Dursban EC @ 20 mil + 5 lit water
2. Lorsban 40 @ 25 mil + 5 lit water
3. Stedfast @ 330 mil + 5 lit water
4. Fastac @ 200 mil + 5 lit water
Controlled with the following pesticides:
1. Albarol White Oil @ 28 mil + 5 lit water
2. Bauran karosene-soap @ 28 mil + 5 lit water
Controlled with the following pesticides:
1. Mitac 20 @ 10 mil + 5 lit water but unnecessarily used.
The attack will be end if each season change
A use of chemical control is seldom because this species got
their own natural enemies. If happen, farmers can use the
following pesticides:
1. Dipterex SP @ 10g + 5 lit water
2. Sevin 85S @ 10g + 1 lit water
They are several natural predators that can control this
species. But, also can be control by pesticide such as Mitac20
@ 25g + 5 lit water.
Can be controlled by:
1. Spraying with Sevin 85S @ 20g + 5 lit water
Can be controlled by:
1. Spraying with Sevin 85S @ 25g + 5 lit water
Molluscs
Species
Control Measure
Snails and leeches
Controlled with poisonous bait mixture (bran + „meta‟ + chalk +
cement) with 1:2:6:6 ratio. This bait will be sowed at tree base
or the edge of bushes.
iii)
Mammals
Species
Control Measure
Deer, Mousedeers
and Antelopes
Can be controlled by brushing the rubber stem with ‟Hinder‟.
Boars
Fence the area or kill it by poisonous bait.
Rats and Squirrels
Can be caught by using strong adhesive or poison it with
poisonous bait such as Zinc phosfida, Matikus, Warfarin,
Sorexa HRU and KG 22.
Monkeys
Kill it by shooting.
101