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Community Test Pitting, Stoke-by-Nayland
SBN 096
Archaeological Test Pit Report
SCCAS Report No. 2013/011
Client: The Stour Valley Landscape Partnership
Author: Rob Brooks
May 2013
© Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service
Community Test Pitting, Stoke-by-Nayland
SBN 096
Archaeological Excavation Report
SCCAS Report No. 2013/011
Author: Rob Brooks
Contributions By: Richenda Goffin and Andy Fawcett
Illustrator: Rob Brooks
Editor: Richenda Goffin
Report Date: May 2013
HER Information
Site Code:
SBN 096
Site Name:
Community Test Pitting
Report Number
2013/011
Planning Application No:
N/A
Date of Fieldwork:
27th and 28th October, 2012
Grid Reference:
TL 9860 3636
TL 9922 3576
Oasis Reference:
suffolkc1-141653
Project Officer:
Jo Caruth
Client/Funding Body:
The Stour Valley Landscape partnership –
Managing a Masterpiece/Heritage Lottery Funding
Client Reference:
N/A
Digital report submitted to Archaeological Data Service:
http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/library/greylit
Prepared By:
Rob Brooks
Date:
09/07/2013
Approved By:
Joanna Caruth
Position:
Senior Project Officer
Date:
12/07/2013
Signed:
Contents
Summary
Drawing Conventions
1.
Introduction
1
2.
Geology and topography
1
3.
Archaeology and historical background
4
4.
Methodology
11
5.
Results and finds evidence
13
5.1
Introduction
13
5.2
The pottery
13
5.3
Test Pit results
14
6.
Discussion
36
7.
Conclusions
39
8.
Archive deposition
40
9.
Acknowledgements
40
10. Bibliography
41
11. Plates
42
List of Figures
Figure 1. General locations of test pitting (red) and HER entries (green
2
Figure 2. Test pit locations in the village (test pits not to scale)
3
Figure 3. Test pit locations in Tendring Hall Park (test pits not to scale)
3
Suffolk Records Office reference T113/1
5
Figure 4. Extract from Hodskinson’s 1783 map, with village marked as ‘Stoke’
6
Figure 5. 1838 Tithe map of the village
7
Figure 6. 1838 Tithe map of Tendring Hall, with its park and gardens
8
Figure 7. 1904 Ordnance Survey map of the village with approximate test pit locations 9
Figure 8. 1904 Ordnance Survey map of the Hall with approximate test pit locations 10
Figure 9. Test Pit 1 location
18
18
19
19
22
Figure 14. Test Pits 10 and 14 locations
22
Figure 20. Pottery, CBM and worked flint distribution plan
Figure 21. Prehistoric and Roman pottery, CBM and worked flint distribution plan
Figure 22. Medieval pottery and CBM distribution plan
Figure 23. Post-medieval pottery and CBM distribution plan, showing average
fragments per spit
26
26
29
29
30
32
33
34
35
59
List of Tables
Table 1. Apportionment listings (1838)
Table 2. Pottery quantities
5
14
List of Plates
Plate 1. SCCAS staff patrol the village!
Plate 2. View across the allotments and TP19.
Plate 3. Digging TP 19.
Plate 4. Digging TP10.
Plate 5. The first excavated spit in TP 7.
Plate 6. TP14 on the edge of the Recreation Ground.
Plate 7. TP 15 by the tennis courts.
Plate 8. TP 7.
Plate 9. Dedicated workers in the rain in TP 15.
Plate 10. TP 8.
Plate 11. TP 7.
Plate 12. Carefully sieved spoil heaps from TP 2.
Plate 13. Sieving at TP 19.
Plate 14. TP 16.
Plate 15. The top spit in TP1 and a selection of finds, note the Roman pottery in the
centre!
Plate 16. TP 5, someone's enjoying the rain!
Plate 17. Well found in TP 11.
Plate 18. SCCAS staff, lots of them, supervise sieving in TP8!
Plate 20. A monitoring visit at TP 10.
Plate 21. TP 16 being started in the rain.
Plate 22. Soil profile in TP2.
Plate 23. Recording TP 20.
Plate 25. A barrowful of stones from the sieving is backfilled into the base of TP 5
Plate 26. TP 9 in one of the rare moments of sunshine!
Plate 27. TP 16 attracting attention!
Plate 28. TP18 uncovered the former drive to Tendring Hall.
Plate 29. Lots of pottery and tile finds were made the soil layers in TP 8.
Plate 30. All that remains of Tendring Hall. Setting out for TP 18.
Plate 31. SCCAS staff get stuck in in TP 19.
Plate 32. Discussing pottery
42
43
43
44
44
45
45
46
47
47
48
48
49
49
50
50
51
51
52
52
53
53
54
54
55
56
56
57
58
58
59
60
Plate 33. Gathering before the start
Plate 34. Pre-start briefing
Plate 38. Discussing strategy
Plate 39. The finds start coming in
Plate 40. Finds brought to the Hall
Plate 41. Some of the finds from TP 8
Plate 42. Trays of finds in the Hall
Plate 42. End of weekend summing up.
Plate 43. Sample of pottery finds
List of Appendices
Appendix 1.
HER listings
Appendix 2.
Listed buildings
Appendix 3.
Listed buildings at Grade I and Grade II*
Appendix 4.
Context list
Appendix 5.
OASIS form
Appendix 6.
Pottery catalogue
Appendix 7.
Bulk finds catalogue
Appendix 8.
Post-medieval pottery and CBM levels
60
61
61
62
62
63
63
64
64
65
66
67
Summary
A community test pitting event took place at Stoke-by-Nayland in Suffolk, over the 27th
and 28th October, 2012. This was run by Suffolk County Council Archaeology Service
and The Stour Valley Landscape Partnership as part of the Managing a Masterpiece
scheme. The test pitting revealed a small number of prehistoric and Roman finds pottery, worked flints and Ceramic Building Material (CBM). The prehistoric material
indicates a low level of background activity, with the Roman CBM as well as that
recorded in the church and a local house suggesting the presence of a nearby Roman
building. There were gradually increasing levels of finds from the 12th century onwards
with a peak of artefactual material from the post-medieval period, mainly consisting of
pottery and CBM. The medieval and post-medieval finds, as well as the map evidence
and surviving buildings may show shifts in the focus of occupation from the north-west
to the south-east of the village. They also indicate typical domestic occupation
throughout these periods, as well as agriculture, medieval businesses organised from
the guildhall, and industry in the form of medieval malting and post-medieval smithing.
Drawing Conventions
Plans
Limit of Excavation
Features
Break of Slope
Features - Conjectured
Natural Features
Sondages/Machine Strip
Intrusion/Truncation
S.14
Illustrated Section
Cut Number
0008
Archaeological Features
Sections
Limit of Excavation
Cut
Modern Cut
Cut - Conjectured
Deposit Horizon
Deposit Horizon - Conjectured
Intrusion/Truncation
Top of Natural
Top Surface
Break in Section
Cut Number
Deposit Number
Ordnance Datum
0008
0007
18.45m OD
1.
Introduction
A community test pitting exercise was carried out in Stoke-by-Nayland and Tendring
Hall Park (to the south of the village), in Suffolk on the 27th and 28th October, 2012. A
total of fifteen test pits were dug by volunteers from the community and local
educational institutions, overseen by professional archaeologists. The project was run
by Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service on behalf of and in conjunction with
The Stour Valley Landscape Partnership as part of their Managing a Masterpiece
project. This project is funded by a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund, and focuses
on aspects of wildlife, landscape, archaeology, art, recreation, conservation of built and
natural features, and transport.
2.
Geology and topography
The village lies on a high point within the local landscape, being almost entirely located
on a plateau within the 55m contour, with ground levels dropping to the River Box to the
north-east, and a drainage basin leading to the River Stour to the south and south-west.
Tendring Hall Park lies to the south-east of the village, where the topography slopes
down to the south-west from the 50m contour to the 15m contour. The Hall itself was
originally terraced into this slope before its demolition.
The recorded superficial geology for the village consists of Kesgrave Formation and
Lowestoft Formation sand and gravel, overlying a bedrock formation of Red Crag
Formation sand (BGS, 2013).
1
Norfolk
SUFFOLK
Essex
0
25km
0
0.5
1km
599250
599000
598750
y
ur
db
Su
598500
SBN 081
a
Ro
Fig. 2 border
N
d
236500
Stoke-byNayland
SBN M isc
o
Sc
re
St
nd
tla
et
oo
Sch
l St re
SBN 062
et
Church Street
236250
SBN 060
Par
k
SBN M isc
Ro
ad
236000
Tendring
Hall Park
SBN 069
Fig. 3 border
SBN
095
235750
0
TL
150
300m
©Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Suffolk County Council Licence No. 100023395 2013
Figure 1. General locations of test pitting (red) and HER entries (green
2
SBN
064
598800
598700
598600
ad
Ro
598500
598400
y
ur
db
Su
N
TP.1
236500
TP.2
Po
ad
ls te
eet
St r
TP.16
TP.5
236400
Primary
school
Tennis
courts
TP.15
e et
ol S tr
Scho
Allotments
TP.14
TP.11
St M ary's Church
TP.10
236300
TP.8
TP.9
TP.19
Church Street
Guildhall
TP.17
236200
TL
0
50
TP.7
100m
Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Suffolk County Council Licence No. 100023395 2013
Figure 2. Test Pit locations in the village (test pits not to scale)
TP.20
TP.18
235750
Former position
of Tendring Hall
235700
0
25
TL
50m
Figure 3. Test Pit locations in Tendring Hall Park (test pits not to scale)
3
599300
599250
599200
599150
235800
N
3.
Archaeology and historical background
A Landscape Character Study of the Stour Valley was carried out by The Stour Valley
Landscape Partnership, which details the historical, archaeological and natural
characteristics of the area. A brief summary of this is now given, detailing the historical
and archaeological background to both the village of Stoke-by-Nayland and Tendring
Hall areas in which this phase of test pitting took place. A list of Historic Environment
Record (HER) entries for the Stoke-by-Nayland parish and some other nearby areas is
also included as Appendix 1.
The village of Stoke-by-Nayland is known to have Saxon origins, with a reference in the
will of Ealdorman Ælfgar of Essex to the church in 950, then by his daughter in 1000-2
(HER listing SBN 062, Fig. 1). The Ealdorman family bequeathed gifts to the church to
set up a major monastery, but most of these assets appear to have ended up instead
going towards the growth of the Abbey at Bury St Edmunds. Nonetheless, the village
formed with the substantial church as one of its key focal points. Much of the tile and
brick used within the construction of the church is reused Roman material, indicating
that a substantial Roman building or buildings were present locally.
Several listings from the HER are present close to the settlement, including undated
cropmarks and a trackway just north of the village (SBN 081), with further undated field
systems to the east (SBN 060). Within the village a post-medieval ‘witch bottle’ was
discovered opposite the Angel Inn (SBN Misc), whilst 210m south of the church a
Roman lamp was found (SBN Misc).
Tendring Hall, and its associated park and gardens, is located immediately south-east
of the village (SBN 064 and 069). The original hall was built in the 1630s, or possibly as
early as the 1560s, however in the 18th century Sir John Soane was employed as the
architect for a new hall for the Rowley family, which he located on a new site where
today only the listed portico still exists. By 1811 the hall had been substantially
enlarged. During WWII the hall was brought into use for troops and prisoners of war, but
was finally demolished in 1955 (Lever, 2009). The park consists of a formal 18thcentury landscape including a canal and an oak grove.
4
A search of the National Heritage List records 192 listed properties in Stoke-byNayland. The majority of these are Grade II listings for medieval and post-medieval
houses and other buildings. However, four structures are rated as Grade II* with the
church as Grade I, with further details given in Appendices 2 and 3.
The 1783 Hodskinson’s map does not show a great deal of detail for Tendring Estate or
Stoke-by-Nayland, although the focus of the settlement seems to be located on the
eastern side of the village. The area that is now Polstead Road has been highlighted,
suggesting that it had become the main route (Suffolk Records Office reference T113/2,
Fig. 4). The 1838 Tithe map for both the village and the estate show that the form of the
village was similar to that which exists today, and it is apparent that the Rowley family
held a large amount of local land, going well beyond the extent of the park and gardens
(Figs. 5-6). The apportionments for the Tithe map are listed in Table 1 and indicate the
presence of shops, hemp growing (presumably for textiles), other agricultural fields and
also a local malting industry. The early Ordnance Survey maps of the village show a
very similar layout to that seen today, whilst the map of the Tendring Estate shows the
hall layout prior to its demolition (Figs. 7 and 8).
Plot
16
19
20
25
26
28
29
30
32
35
38
40
42
43
44
48
536
537
650
647
Description
Occupier
Land owner
Malting Field
Garden
Garden
House and yard
Cottage and gardens
House and gardens
House and shop
House and shop
Cottage and shop
House and gardens
Beerhouse
Hemp land
Cottage and gardens
Cottage and gardens
Cottage and gardens
Cottage and shop
Malting meadow
Malting office and cottage
Pasture
Cross field
Iver Golding
Dickens and others
William Cowley
Samuel Beneworth
William Frost
Rev C.M Torlesse
herself
William Pillock
Cook and others
Palmer and others
Thomas Crookes
John Mortimer
Vince Lothers
King and Hughes
Hughes and others
Holmes and others
William Durham
William Durham
Iver Golding
Iver Golding
Sir Joshua Rowley
Sir Joshua Rowley
Sir Joshua Rowley
Sir Joshua Rowley
Lucy Cook
Sir Joshua Rowley
Elizabeth Mortimer
Bailey Pillock
Samuel Mortimer
Sir Joshua Rowley
Joseph Pensow
Martha Mortimer
Charles Martin ???
Thomas Beeton
William Chisnell
Martha Mortimer
Sir Joshua Rowley
Sir Joshua Rowley
Sir Joshua Rowley
Sir Joshua Rowley
Table 1. Apportionment listings (1838)
Suffolk Records Office reference T113/1
5
N
Figure 4. Extract from Hodskinson’s 1783 map, with the village marked as ‘Stoke’
6
N
Figure 5. 1838 Tithe map of the village
7
8
Figure 6. 1838 Tithe map of Tendring Hall, with its park and gardens
N
9
Figure 7. 1904 Ordnance Survey map of the village with approximate test pit locations (red)
10
Figure 8. 1904 Ordnance Survey map of the hall with approximate test pit locations (red)
4.
Methodology
Prior to the weekend of excavation, the volunteers were issued with a booklet
describing what was needed in order to complete the test pits regarding the excavation
methodology, time and basic equipment requirements. On the day, any further
equipment, including recording booklets and tools were issued and an introductory talk
was given. The volunteers were instructed on health and safety methodologies, such as
excavation in relation to cables or services. A qualified first aider from SCCAS was also
available on both days of the exercise. Out of the twenty test pits that were to be dug,
five were abandoned without being started. An outreach programme at the primary
school excavated a further two test pits under the supervision of Duncan Allan
(SCCAS/FT).
The test pits were all excavated by hand, having been first measured to 1m x 1m and
pre-assigned with an individual number. These pits were then plotted onto sketch plans
using known OS points. Prior to excavation digital photographs were taken of the top of
the test pit, and a 1:10 plan was made with a written description of any pertinent
features on pro forma record sheets. At this point the first 0.1m of each test pit was dug
and sieved through a 1cm mesh. The finds for that spit were then washed and listed on
the record sheet, as was the context description. Each spit was numbered from a single
continuous numbering system, with 0001 being the top spit (0-0.1m deep), 0002 being
the next spit (0.1-0.2m) and so on. At the beginning of each new spit further 1:10 plans
and descriptions were made, with a new photograph being taken. Finds were separated
by spit and assigned their relative context number. During the recording process
members of SCCAS circulated throughout the village, checking that the excavations
were being carried out successfully and safely, and that the recording methodology was
being followed. However, the poor weather conditions made recording extremely difficult
in some cases. At the end of each day finds were returned to the village hall and
collected. The target depth for each trench was 0.6m below ground level, in order to
obtain a reasonable sample of material, whilst attempting to make the work as practical
and safe as possible. At the end of the excavation of each test pit, sections were drawn
at 1:10 of each test pit, although due to time constraints and the inclement weather, this
was not always possible.
11
Site data has been input onto an MS Access database and recorded using the County
HER code SBN 096. Each spit was issued a unique context number relevant to the test
pit and spit, e.g. 0205 represents Test Pit 2, spit 5. The primary school test pits and two
unstratified contexts were assigned numbers beginning with 9101, 9201 and 9301
(Appendix 4). An OASIS form has been completed for the project (reference no.
suffolkc1-141653, Appendix 5) and a digital copy of the report submitted for inclusion on
the Archaeology Data Service database (http://ads.ahds.ac. uk/catalogue/library/greylit).
The site archive is kept in the main store of Suffolk County Council Archaeological
Service at Bury St Edmunds under HER code SBN 096.
SCCAS would like to acknowledge and give thanks to Access Cambridge Archaeology
and Carenza Lewis (University of Cambridge), for providing the recording booklets used
during the exercise, as well as for giving advice on how to run the event.
12
5.
Results and finds evidence
5.1
Introduction
The following results describe the contexts recorded in each trench, as well as any
pottery and ceramic building material (CBM) recovered and a brief interpretation from
the author. The presence of worked flint and animal bone is also summarised. Full soil
descriptions as recorded on site are included in Appendix 4, whilst a pottery catalogue
and bulk finds catalogue are included as Appendices 6 and 7 respectively. Most of the
CBM, with the exception of two Roman pieces (TPs 16 and 19) and five medieval
pieces (TP16 and the Primary School Test PitsTPs 1 and 2), was all identified as being
later medieval or post-medieval. The distribution patterns for the CBM, pottery and
worked flint have been included as Figures 17, 18 and 19. Other finds from the test pits
were almost entirely post-medieval, including bottle glass, window glass, clay tobacco
pipes and iron nails, although prehistoric worked flint was also recovered from eight test
pits. A number of other iron objects were not identifiable.
5.2
The pottery
Richenda Goffin
Introduction
A total of 739 sherds of pottery was recovered from twelve test pits, with another 37
sherds from two test pits within the primary school grounds (abbreviated as PSTP1 and
2). Five unstratified sherds are also present. The pottery was counted and scanned for
fabric and form type, and an overall date range for each fabric was established.
The pottery was catalogued by test pit and context using letter codes based on fabric
and form and inputted onto a spreadsheet (Appendix 6). The codes used are based
mainly on broad fabric and form types identified in Eighteen centuries of pottery from
Norwich (Jennings 1981), and additional fabric types established by the Suffolk Unit (S
Anderson, unpublished fabric list).
13
A breakdown of quantities of pottery from each test pit is shown below:
Test Pit
1
2
5
7
8
9
10
11
14
15
16
19
PSTP 1
PSTP 2
Unstratified
Total
Total number of sherds
8
167
31
19
185
1
79
124
40
7
11
67
17
20
5
781
Table 2. Pottery quantities
Most of the pottery recovered dates to the post-medieval period. However there is a
small abraded sherd of flint-tempered ware in Test Pit 16, context 2 which has an
overall prehistoric date. Two fragments of Roman date were also identified. Twelve
sherds of medieval date were also present in four of the test pits and three were found
in two unstratified contexts.
5.3
Test Pit results
Pottery analysis by Richenda Goffin and CBM identification by Andy Fawcett
Test Pit 1 – Merchant’s House
Test Pit 1 was located within the garden of a modern house (Fig. 9). A building is shown
in the north-west corner of the plot on the 1886, 1904 and 1926 Ordnance Survey
maps, with fields immediately to the north. The site was reported by the current owners
to have been a haulage yard from the 1930s to 2000, when it was redeveloped to build
the existing house.
Two spits were dug within this sondage to a depth of 0.2m below ground level (BGL),
only recording topsoil. The pit was then abandoned due to the quantities of modern
material present within contexts 0101 and 0102 (Appendix 4).
14
Eight small fragments of pottery were recovered from the pit. A fragment of a hard
wheelthrown buffware was present, which may date to the Roman period. The other
sherds are all late post-medieval wares and consist of Staffordshire Salt-glazed
stoneware dating to the 18th century and fragments of plain white refined white
earthenwares dating to the 19th century.
Thirty fragments of CBM were recovered from the test pit, consisting mainly of postmedieval material, as well as a small number of possible late medieval pieces. One
piece of worked flint, another of burnt flint and a fragment of animal bone were also
found in this pit.
Test Pit 2 – Well House
Test Pit 2 was located within the garden of Well House, a Grade II listed 14th century
timber-framed house with later additions (Fig. 10). The early Ordnance Survey maps for
the site show it with much the same layout as today, with the eponymous well adjoining
the western side of the house and farmland to the north and west of the property.
In total seven spits were excavated within this test pit (Appendix 4 - 0201-0207), with
the first three (0-0.3m BGL) interpreted as light to dark brown topsoil. The remaining
spits (0.3-0.7m BGL) were interpreted as a mixture of buried topsoil/garden soil, mixed
with subsoil through post-medieval and modern activity, as well as root action.
167 fragments of pottery were collected from this test pit, of wide ranging date.
The earliest sherd is a fragment of a Roman colour coated ware dating from the 2nd-4th
century AD. The fabric is fine and buff in colour, and it is possible that the sherd is an
imported ware, perhaps from Central Gaul (Andy Fawcett, pers. comm.). If so this is a
very unusual find for a Suffolk assemblage.
Five fragments of medieval coarseware dating to L12th-14th century were identified in
five different contexts from Test Pit 2. One sherd is from a neckless jar of the type found
in assemblages in Colchester (Cotter 96, fig 16). A large, relatively unabraded sherd of
the same date was present in context 6. Other small fragments of post-medieval and
late post-medieval wares were also recovered from this context. Sherds of Glazed red
earthenware (contexts 2, 6 and 7) and Iron Glazed wares (context 7) dating to the 16th15
18th century were also present. The majority of the assemblage however consists of
18th-19th century wares such as Nottinghamshire stoneware, Pearlware, Creamware
and Ironstone china with transfer printed decoration. Forms present include dishes,
flowerpots and a chamberpot rim.
In total, 440 fragments of post-medieval CBM were recovered from this test pit, which
were all post-medieval or modern. Ten pieces of worked flint, six of burnt flint and
twenty of animal bone were collected from the various spits.
Test Pit 5 – The Croft’s
Test Pit 5 was located within the vegetable garden of Croft’s House (Fig. 11), which is
present on all three of the early edition Ordnance Survey maps and appears to have
changed little in its layout. The maps show that the allotments were already present
beyond the south-west boundary at the end of the garden. A Grade II listed timberframed house lies to the north of the property, whilst the Grade II listed primary school is
immediately south of the site.
Seven spits were excavated within this test pit to 0.7m BGL (Appendix 4 - 0501-0507).
The soil profile appeared to be quite disturbed, with the first two spits (0-0.2m BGL)
encountering topsoil, whilst the next four spits (0.2-0.6m) were a mix of orange-brown
and dark brown stony-sandy-clayey soil with some low levels of charcoal flecks. These
spits were interpreted as a mixture of topsoil and disturbed subsoil. The final spit (0.60.7m) was made up of brownish-orange sand with very high quantities of gravel, which
was a mixture of subsoil and the natural geology.
This test pit also contained sherds of a wide ranging date, but the group is far smaller
than in Test Pit 2. A fragment of a medieval coarseware base was found in context 5
dating to the late 12th-14th century. A sherd of the base of a Raeren stoneware drinking
vessel made in the Rhineland and a fragment of a Dutch-type redware dates to the
early part of the post-medieval period, c. 15th-17th C (context 4). Other late postmedieval wares are also present, including Staffordshire white salt-glazed stoneware
dating to the 18th century, and sherds of Creamware, English stoneware, Late postmedieval red earthenwares and Ironstone china. Forms represented include a drinking
vessel, a bottle and a flowerpot.
16
One late medieval CBM fragment was recovered from this test pit, but the remaining
twenty-four pieces were all post-medieval and modern. One piece of worked flint and
one piece of animal bone were found in this pit.
Test Pit 7 – Cross Keys
Test Pit 7 was located within the garden of Cross Keys (Fig. 12), a house that was at
least partially built in 1970s, but in a traditional style. It lies immediately across the road
from the church, with the Grade II* listed Guildhall to the north-west, the Grade II listed
St Mary’s Cottage to the west and the Grade II listed Old Vicarage to the east. The 1886
Ordnance Survey map shows buildings on the site, whilst the 1904 and 1926 maps
indicate that the buildings had been demolished and the site served as the entrance
track to the Vicarage. The first three spits were amalgamated in this pit.
The first three spits (0-0.3m BGL) were recorded as dark brown soil, with stones, brick
fragments, charcoal and low levels of chalk, which was interpreted as a topsoil layer.
The final spit (0.3-0.4m BGL) was a pale brown soil later, containing stone and
charcoal, which was interpreted as a buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix. These relate
to entries 0701-0704 in the context list.
The nineteen sherds recovered from two contexts in this test pit consist of a sherd of
Glazed red earthenware (16th-18th C), sherds of creamware dating c.1740-1880,
Refined white earthenware, Yellow ware and Ironstone china dating to the L18th-19th
century.
Twenty-nine fragments of CBM were recovered from this test pit. Medieval material
including a piece of glazed tile has been recorded along with post-medieval fragments.
The medieval CBM was found in two spits. One piece of worked and another of burnt
flint were collected, as were eight pieces of animal bone.
17
N
TP.1
Merchant's
House
0
5
10m
Crown Copyright. All Rights
Reserved.
Suffolk County Council Licence
No. 100023395 2013
N
TP.2
Well
House
Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved.
Suffolk County Council Licence No. 100023395 2013
0
5
18
10m
N
TP.5
The Croft's
0
5
10m
N
TP.7
Cross Keys
Sch
S
ool
t
t ree
0
19
5
10m
Test Pit 8 – Half Moone Cottage
Test Pit 8 was located within the garden of Half Moone Cottage (Fig. 14). This property
is a Grade II listed timber-framed property, located immediately east of the church,
adjoining the Grade II listed vicarage/Old Rectory to the east. On both the 1886 and
1904 Ordnance Survey maps the full street frontage of the plot, including the area of the
test pit, was built on. However, by the time the 1926 OS map was drawn up, the
western range of the building had been demolished, leaving that which is still present
today. The plot was in what appears to have been the heart of the village at the time,
close to the church, public house and police station. It was reported by several of the
volunteers that the Half Moone property was once a public house, and it is known as a
relatively common name for pubs and inns.
Six spits were excavated within this test pit (Appendix 4 - 0801-0806) with the top of the
next spit described as 0807. Spits 0801-0803 (0-0.3m BGL) were recorded as dark
brown soil with stone, occasional grey ash and root disturbance and this material was
interpreted as a layer of topsoil. The remaining spits (0.3-0.6m BGL) consisted of light
brown soil, with stones, occasional clay and sand content, brick fragments and
occasional charcoal, which is thought to be a mixture of buried topsoil and disturbed
subsoil. The top of the next unexcavated spit was recorded as containing brick, tile and
stones.
The largest quantity of pottery from all the test pits was recovered from seven contexts
in Test Pit 8 (185 sherds). Fragments of Late Colchester-type wares were identified in
context 7. These included several sherds from jugs or cisterns (one probably dating to
c.1475-1550), and a perforated fragment from a strainer or colander. Overall such local
redwares date from the 14th century through to the early 16th century. Other early postmedieval wares were identified in context 4. Fragments of Late medieval and
transitional redwares were present, including a cauldron or jar and a possible lid. A
number of Glazed red earthenwares (16th-18th C) from the pit include fragments from a
panchion and different pipkins, one of which has a tubular rod handle.
A large range of different later post-medieval wares were identified from Test Pit 8.
These include Nottinghamshire stonewares, English stoneware, Ironstone china,
Staffordshire stoneware, Late Slipped redware, Refined white earthenware, Yellow
20
ware, English lustreware, Pearlware, and Banded creamware, all dating from the late
17th century through to the 19th century. A large part of a Banded creamware bowl with
flat rim and blue and white annular decoration was present in context 6.
The CBM assemblage consisted of at least five medieval pieces, whilst the remaining
thirty pieces were post-medieval. Nineteen fragments of animal bone, as well as one
burnt flint and some slag fragments were recovered from this pit.
Test Pit 9 – The Old Rectory
Test Pit 9 was located within the garden of The Old Rectory (Fig. 13), which is a Grade
II listed brick house, located east of the church, adjoining the Grade II listed Half Moone
Cottage to the west. The first three editions of the Ordnance Survey map indicate that
the layout of the site has remained largely unchanged.
Four spits were excavated within this test pit (Appendix 4 - 0901-0904). The first three
(0-0.35m) were recorded simply as soil and were interpreted from the photographic
evidence as topsoil. Below this the final spit (0.35-0.45m BGL) was recorded as a
mixture of 80% soil and 20% clay and may indicate a transition to a topsoil and subsoil
mixture.
Only a single fragment of pottery was recovered from context 2. This was a fragment of
blue and white transfer decorated Pearlware dish dating to 1770-1850.
Seven fragments of post-medieval CBM were recovered from the test pit, along with
three pieces of animal bone.
21
N
No.1
TP.9
The Old
Rectory
Church Street
0
5
10m
TP.14
Recreation
Ground
N
Half
Moone
House
Reserved.
Suffolk County Council Licence
No. 100023395 2013
TP.10
Coach House
0
5
22
10m
Test Pit 10 – Coach House
Test Pit 10 was located in the south-west corner of the Coach House garden (Fig. 14),
which used to be part of the vicarage/Old Rectory gardens. The property is immediately
north of The Old Rectory, east of the church and also the Grade II listed Almshouses. It
appears that the test pit has been part of the old Rectory’s gardens since at least 1886.
Within this test pit seven spits were excavated, the first two of which (0-0.2m BGL) were
recorded as dark brown soil with stones and were interpreted as the local topsoil layer.
The following four spits (0.2-0.6m BGL) were a very mixed layer of lighter brown sandy
soil, stones, mortar/sand patches and clay, which was probably a mixture of topsoil and
disturbed subsoil. The final spit (0.6-0.83m BGL) was a corner sondage dug to expose
the natural geology, which recorded orange-light brown sandy-clay with large stones
that overlaid the brownish-orange sandy-clay geology. These relate to entries 10011007 in the context list.
A single fragment of medieval coarseware dating to c. late 12th-14th century was
identified from this test pit. The remainder of the pottery dates to the post-medieval
period. A fragment of Colchester slipware dating to the 15th-16th century was recovered
from context 5. Glazed red earthenwares and Iron glazed blackwares are present in
small numbers (8 sherds) dating to the 16th-18th century. A small amount of 18th
century wares made up of Staffordshire salt-glazed stoneware and Nottinghamshire
stoneware is present. The remainder of this test pit assemblage is made up of late postmedieval wares including English stoneware, Creamware, Pearlware, Refined white
earthenware, Ironstone china and Late post-medieval redwares.
Fifty-nine fragments of post-medieval and modern CBM were recorded in all but one of
the spits in this test pit, along with one worked flint, one burnt flint, slag fragments and
eleven pieces of animal bone.
Test Pit 11 – Street House
Test Pit 11 lies in the back garden of Street House garden (Fig. 15), a Grade II* listed
timber-framed jettied house, with the Grade II listed timber framed Beech Cottages to
the west and the Grade II listed Street Cottage to the east. The Angel Inn, also Grade II
23
listed, also backs onto the Street House garden. The layout of the property has changed
little since the late 19th century.
Seven contexts were issued for this test pit, which encountered a well at 0.4-0.5m BGL,
numbered as 1105 and 1107. The first four spits (0-0.4m BGL) were recorded as
topsoil. In Spit 05 (0.4-0.5m BGL) the well top was uncovered. It was made of reused
Tudor bricks and plain handmade bricks bedded into lime mortar, and was located in
the north-west corner of the sondage. No further excavation was carried out into the
well itself, but surrounding the structure a greyish-orangish-brown soil was recorded
(0.5-0.6m BGL) which was probably a buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil layer. These
relate to entries 1101-1107 in the context list.
A small quantity of Glazed red earthenware was present in the contexts of Test Pit 11.
In addition the base of a probable Westerwald stoneware chamberpot from the
Rhineland was identified from context 2 dating from the 17th-18th century. A fragment
of Sunderland slipware dish was present in 003/004 dating to the 19th century. The
remains of a number of small and deep bowls were present in context 7. These include
a large footring from a Pearlware blue and white decorated bowl, possibly a punch bowl
(1770-1880), and a fragment of a heavily sooted Staffordshire combed slipware bowl
which is slightly earlier in date (1650-1800). A wide range of other late post-medieval
wares are also present in this test pit dating from the 18th-19th century.
The 108 fragments of CBM from the test pit were a mixture of medieval and postmedieval pieces, including a post-medieval unfrogged brick of pre-1850 date. Eight
pieces of animal bone and one of burnt flint were also collected from the test pit.
Test Pit 14 – Recreation ground to rear of Coach House
Test Pit 14 lies in the recreation ground to the north of Coach House, east of the church
and Almshouses (Fig. 14). The early Ordnance Survey maps show that the recreation
ground was probably common land at this point and was much the same shape as it is
today. There is no evidence to suggest that the area has been built on at any point
since the late 19th century.
24
The two upper spits within this test pit were made up of topsoil consisting of dark brown
soil with stones (0-0.2m BGL). Underlying this were two spits of topsoil with disturbed
subsoil, recorded as lighter brown soil with some stones and charcoal flecks (0.2-0.4m
BGL), which covered a final spit simply recorded as light orange-brown (0.4-0.5m BGL)
that was probably an interface between the subsoil and the uppermost geological layer.
These relate to entries 1401-1405 in the context list.
Small quantities of pottery were recovered from four contexts in Test Pit 14. The earliest
is a fragment of Colchester-type ware which has a wide date range of 13th-Mid 16th
century, which was found with a sherd of Glazed red earthenware (16th-18th C) in
context 1, but was also found with sherds of 18th and 19th century date. The remainder
of the assemblage dates from the mid 18th through to the 19th century.
Most of the 150 fragments of CBM from this test pit were post-medieval, though it was
not possible to fully identify all of the material. Four pieces of worked flint and one of
animal bone were also recorded.
Test Pit 15 – Recreation ground north-west of the church
Test Pit 15 is positioned in the recreation ground to the north-west of the church
grounds, immediately south of the tennis courts and across the road from three Grade II
listed timber-framed buildings (Fig. 16). There is no evidence to suggest that the area
has been built on at any point since the late 19th century.
Five spits were excavated in this test pit, with the upper four (0-0.4m BGL) being made
up of light-mid brown soil, with varying levels of stones and clay and occasional sand,
interpreted as topsoil. The final spit (0.4-0.5m BGL) was brown sandy-clay and stones,
interpreted as a mixture of topsoil and disturbed subsoil. These relate to entries 15011505 in the context list.
The seven sherds recovered from this test pit are almost exclusively late post-medieval
in date. The earliest fragment is a sherd of banded Creamware dating from 1780-1900.
Seventeen fragments of mainly post-medieval CBM were recovered from this test pit,
although some medieval material was also present, as well as six burnt flints and one
piece of animal bone.
25
The Angel
Inn (PH)
N
TP.11
Street
House
No.3
Crown Copyright. All Rights Reserved. Suffolk
County Council Licence No. 100023395 2013
rch S
C hu
0
5
10m
N
TP.15
Recreation
Ground
The Old
School
Cottage
0
5
10m
tr eet
26
Test Pit 16 – Recreation ground north-west of the church
Test Pit 16 is near the west edge of the recreation ground to the north-west of the tennis
courts, across the road from the Grade II listed primary school (Fig. 17). There is no
evidence to suggest that the area has been built on at any point since the late 19th
century.
The upper three spits (0-0.3m BGL) of brown sandy soil with some stones and
occasional darker brown patches were interpreted as topsoil. Underlying this was a
layer of darker brown sandy-soil with stones (0.3-0.4m BGL), which was a buried topsoil
layer. Underlying this was an orangish-brown disturbed sandy-subsoil layer, containing
a deposit of charcoal (0.4-0.6m BGL). These spits relate to contexts 1601-1606 in
Appendix 4.
Although only eleven sherds were recovered from this test pit, an abraded flinttempered sherd dating to the prehistoric period was recorded from context 2. In addition
five sherds of medieval coarseware were present, and a sherd of unprovenanced
glazed ware which is also medieval. The medieval component therefore represents a
considerable quantity of the total amount of pottery from the pit, although it is clearly
residual and accompanied by later, post-medieval wares. A fragment of a Glazed red
earthenware pipkin and a Staffordshire combed slipware dish were identified which are
post-medieval.
Sixty-four fragments of CBM were found within this test pit. This represents one of the
more diverse selections of CBM from the village, with a possible Roman piece,
medieval and later medieval material, as well as post-medieval examples. Three worked
flints and two animal bones were collected.
Test Pits 17 and 19 – Allotments
Test Pits 17 and 19 were located within the allotments on the south-west edge of the
village, to the rear of three Grade II listed buildings and the Grade II* listed Guildhall
(Fig. 18). The area was an undeveloped field on the early Ordnance Survey maps. No
records were returned for Test Pit 17, which was only excavated 0.1m into the topsoil
(context 1701 – Appendix 4).
27
Five spits were excavated into Test Pit 19, of which the top two (0-0.2m BGL) were
made up of medium brown stony topsoil with low levels of charcoal. The next two spits
were interpreted as subsoil (0.2-0.4m BGL) recorded as sandy and stony, with charcoal
flecks. Underlying this, the final spit (0.4-0.5m BGL) was made up of orange stony-sand
which was the natural geology. The spits in this test pit are recorded as 1901-1905 in
Appendix 4.
Sixty-seven sherds were recovered from this test pit. They are almost all of late postmedieval date apart from sherds of Glazed red earthenware and one of Iron Glazed
blackware (16th-18th C), a fragment of a red stoneware teapot dating to the 18th
century and a sherd of Staffordshire combed slipware.
CBM from Test Pit 19 totalled seventy-eight fragments, the majority of which were postmedieval. However, a possible Roman piece was also recorded as was a fragment of
animal bone.
Test Pits 18 and 20 – Tendring Hall
Test Pits 18 and 20 were located just to the east of the upstanding portico of Tendring
Hall, in the area occupied by the driveway to the hall on the early Ordnance Survey
maps (Fig. 19). After the removal of turf and 0.05m of topsoil, compacted gravel and
sand was recorded in Test Pit 18, which was interpreted as either evidence of the
former driveway surface or more probably the natural geology (context 1801 – Appendix
4). No finds were recorded from this test pit.
Test Pit 20 was dug in two spits to 0.2m BGL, recording topsoil, mixed with orangeclayey subsoil, above orangish-brown sandy-gravel subsoil and clay (contexts 2001 and
2002 – Appendix 4). At the base of the second spit a natural geological layer of sand,
gravel and clay was uncovered. Eighteen sherds of post-medieval CBM were recovered
from this test pit, although the state of the material made it hard to identify. A single
burnt flint was also found within the test pit.
28
N
TP.16
Recreation
Ground
o
ho
Sc
lS
et
tre
0
5
10m
Drift
Cottage
N
TP.19
Allotments
TP.17
Alltoments
Guildhall
Cottages
0
20
40m
Reserved. Suffolk County
Council Licence No. 100023395
2013
29
N
TP.20
Tendring Hall
Portico
TP.18
Reserved. Suffolk County
Council Licence No. 100023395
2013
0
30
5
10m
Primary School Test Pits
Two test pits were excavated as part of an Outreach programme at the Primary School.
These were both only excavated to 0.2m BGL, revealing topsoil in all spits (contexts
9101-9102 and 9201-9202 – Appendix 4).
The earliest pottery from Primary School Test Pit (PSTP) 1 was a sherd of 16th century
local early post-medieval ware, whilst in PSTP 2 there was a body sherd of 16th-18th
century Glazed red earthenware. The remainder of the pottery from both of these test
pits was later 17th-20th century.
PSTP 1 produced one sherd of medieval CBM and twenty-eight sherds of postmedieval and modern CBM, whilst PSTP 2 had four or more fragments of medieval
CBM and approximately eighty sherds of post-medieval CBM. A small piece of worked
flint and a piece of animal bone were also recovered from PSTP 1.
Other finds
Five sherds of pottery were collected from incorrectly recorded contexts. These include
two late 12th-14th century coarseware body sherds that have been recorded herein as
being in context 9301. These sherds were originally recorded as coming from Test Pit
116, Spit 2. The remaining pieces include a further medieval coarseware sherd, a 15th17th century Dutch-type redware sherd and a 19th century ironstone china sherd, which
have been assigned context 9302, having originally had no context number assigned.
31
32
ad
Ro
T P.19
tre et
T P.7
St M ary's Church
Figure 20. Pottery, CBM and worked flint distribution plan (test pits not to scale)
TL
= Worked flint
= Post-medieval
= M edieval CBM
= M edieval pottery
(14th century onwards)
= M edieval pottery
(up to 14th century)
= Roman
T P.15
ol S
Scho
= CBM
PST P.2
PST P.1
T P.16
T P.8
T P.10
T P.14
T P.9
T P.11
eet
St r
= Prehistoric
S
ry
bu
ud
= Pottery
T P.5
T P.2
T P.1
P
d
tea
ols
0
50
100m
N
33
= Roman
ad
Ro
= Worked flint
tre et
T P.7
St M ary's Church
T P.10
T P.14
Figure 21. Prehistoric and Roman pottery, CBM and worked flint distribution plan (test pits not to scale)
TL
= CBM
T P.19
PST P.1
T P.16
ol S
Scho
= Prehistoric
S
ry
bu
ud
= Pottery
T P.5
T P.2
T P.1
P
d
tea
ols
eet
St r
0
50
100m
N
34
ad
Ro
tre et
T P.7
Figure 22. Medieval pottery and CBM distribution plan (test pits not to scale)
TL
= M edieval CBM
= M edieval pottery
(14th century onwards)
T P.15
ol S
Scho
= M edieval pottery
(up to 14th century)
PST P.2
PST P.1
T P.16
St M ary's Church
T P.8
T P.10
T P.14
T P.11
eet
St r
= CBM
S
ry
bu
ud
= Pottery
T P.5
T P.2
T P.1
P
d
tea
ols
0
50
100m
N
35
T P.19
T P.15
e et
ad
T P.7
St M ary's Church
T P.8
T P.10
T P.14
T P.9
T P.11
Figure 23. Post-medieval pottery and CBM distribution plan, showing average pieces per spit (test pits not to scale)
= 60-70 pieces
= 31-40 pieces
= 21-30 pieces
= 21-20 pieces
PST P.2
PST P.1
T P.16
r
ol St
Scho
= 1-10 pieces
Ro
eet
St r
= CBM
d
y
TL
Su
r
bu
= Pottery
T P.5
T P.2
T P.1
P
d
tea
ols
0
50
100m
N
6.
Discussion
With contributions by Richenda Goffin
The test pitting exercise has revealed varying levels of prehistoric, Roman, medieval
and post-medieval activity across the modern settlement core of Stoke-by-Nayland but
with an absence of material dating from the late Anglo-Saxon to late 12th century (Fig.
20). The majority of the finds assemblage represents material deposited into topsoil and
disturbed subsoil during the eighteenth and nineteenth century.
Any consideration of the results needs to take account of various circumstances that
may have biased the results, not least the weather conditions which hindered
excavation work. The first of these is the variable depths to which the test pits were dug
which affected the size of the individual samples from across the village and has made
it more challenging to confidently plot any patterns in the data set. The other difficulty
posed by the material is bias in the collection practices. For example, burnt flints are
found in a general spread across the village, but their absence from some pits may
indicate a bias in how effectively they were recognised and collected, rather than a true
pattern.
Prehistoric artefacts were only found in small quantities, but worked flint was recovered
from eight test pits spread across the village, with one pot sherd from Test Pit 16 on the
recreation ground (Fig. 21). Such material is not unexpected and the area would have
formed a favourable settlement site, close to a water source but above the floodplain. It
is also possible that some of the worked flint derives from medieval and post-medieval
building works.
The Roman finds from the site are recorded in the north-west corner of the village and
the allotments and were recovered from four test pits (Fig. 21), with a fragment of
wheelthrown buffware which is probably Roman found in Test Pit 1 and a rare colourcoated ware, dating to the 2nd-4th century identified in Test Pit 2. The latter is possibly
an imported fineware and is therefore a significant find. It is notable that these two, only,
finds of Roman pottery were recovered from adjacent test pits at the northern end of the
village. The other material consists of two CBM fragments, which are possibly Roman.
As this material was only present in small quantities, it is not clear if it is significant
beyond indicating the presence of a low level of activity somewhere in the general area.
36
However it is also notable that Roman CBM has been recorded in the construction
fabric of the church and is also apparently used in the cellar wall of a house on School
Street (according to the owner). This shows that Roman artefacts were being spread
around the village for some time after the period, as well as being reused. The presence
of such a high level of CBM would seem to indicate the presence of at least one Roman
building in the vicinity, but the location of this has not yet been identified.
Medieval artefacts were found across the village with CBM in Test Pits 1, 5, 7, 8, 11 and
15, as well as PSTPs 1 and 2 (Fig. 22). A slight shift appears in the pottery across the
village, although this is once again only supported by low levels of artefactual evidence.
Earlier pottery (12th century up to/including 14th century) was present in Test Pits 2, 5,
10 and 16, with later pottery (14th century-late medieval/transitional) in Test Pits 8, 10
and 14. This indicates a possible concentration of the earlier material in the north-west
of the village, with later material usually being recorded in the south-east. This may
indicate an early shift in settlement to that corner of the village as later depicted on
Hodskinson’s 18th century map (Fig. 6). However the lack of earlier medieval finds
closer to the church seems abnormal, given that these buildings often indicate the core
of medieval villages. The types of artefacts are typical of medieval domestic occupation
and it is probable that some of the animal bone, shell and other finds types are also
medieval material, redeposited in later contexts.
Post-medieval finds, usually consisting of CBM and pottery were found in every test pit,
excluding pits 17 and 18 (with the average number of frgaments of pottery and CBM per
spit shown on Figure 23 and Appendix 8). These finds are typical of a post-medieval
village, demonstrating activity such as small scale industry (in the form of slag from the
smithy) and garden/field manuring (represented by the finds in the allotments and within
gardens) as well as the build up of domestic refuse. High levels of pottery and CBM
were found across the village, with c.180 sherds from Test Pit 8 (with 30 pieces of
CBM), c.160 sherds recovered from Test Pit 2 (with 440 pieces of CBM) and 124 sherds
from Test Pit 11 (90? pieces of CBM). The lowest recorded amount of post-medieval
material was from Test Pit 1, where only seven sherds of pot were found along with c.
twenty-five pieces of CBM. However this amount may be a result of the 20th century
disturbance within the garden, as well as the shallow depth to which the pit was
excavated. The average levels of pottery and CBM recovered per spit, as shown on
Figure 23 do indicate a slight concentration of material in the south-east of the village,
37
again probably correlating with the concentration of buildings shown on Hodskinson’s
late 18th century map which also follow north along what is now Polstead Street (Fig.
6). There is also a peak in Test Pit 2, where the particularly high amount of CBM may
show partial demolition and repair works to Well House. Other definitively post-medieval
material includes glass and clay tobacco pipe fragments, whilst many of the other
artefacts (animal bone, iron objects, shell, mortar/plaster and slag) could come from a
mix of post-medieval and earlier periods. However, the predominance of early postmedieval to modern material suggests that most of these artefacts are likely to be postmedieval. The pieces of slag in Test Pits 8 and 10, close to the old smithy are almost
certainly post-medieval (Fig. 4), whilst the CBM recovered from Test Pit 20 must relate
to activity associated with Tendring Hall.
38
7.
Conclusions
The test pitting works have indicated a low level of prehistoric and Roman activity in the
area. The most unusual aspect of this is the presence of the Roman CBM within test
pits and local structures, which suggests a nearby building. There is then an apparent
gap in the occupation of the village until the late 12th century (when pottery appears to
indicate settlement in the north-west corner of the village). However this gap merely
reflects the limits of the finds assemblage, as it is known from documentary evidence
that the settlement has Saxon origins and a 10th century church. The medieval and
post-medieval finds, as well as the map evidence and surviving buildings may suggest a
shift in the focus of occupation after the 14th century from the north-west to the southeast of the village.
Whilst the village has Saxon origins, these were not recorded within the finds
assemblage and it has not yet clearly been established whether there was a centre of
settlement within the existing village. It is possible that this earlier occupation may have
existed on the topographical plateau that continues to the south-east and north-west of
Stoke-by-Nayland. The post-Saxon medieval finds assemblage is typical, suggesting
domestic occupation and an economy based on agriculture, as well as cottage
industries, with local merchants overseeing these through the guildhall. The large
church may stand on the site of the former monastery and reflects the wealth of its
endowment, although in this case that may be a reflection of the wealth of particular
individuals rather than that of the village as a whole (Richard Channon, pers comm.), as
well as emphasising its relative importance within the county, despite the competition
posed by the abbey in Bury St Edmunds. The post-medieval occupation evidence
derived from the test pitting is typical of such a village, with evidence of domestic refuse,
as well as manuring of agricultural land and smithing, whilst the map evidence shows
that the malting and textile industries were part of the local economy, with several
shops, a pub and a police station present at various times.
39
8.
Archive deposition
Paper archive: SCCAS Bury St Edmunds
Digital archive: SCCAS R:\Environmental Protection\Conservation\Archaeology\
Archive\Stoke by Nayland\SBN 096 Test pitting
Digital photographic archive: SCCAS R:\Environmental Protection\Conservation\
Archaeology\Archive\Stoke by Nayland
Finds archive: SCCAS Bury St Edmunds.
9.
Acknowledgements
The fieldwork was carried out by volunteers from Stoke-by-Nayland and elsewhere,
assisted by members of SCCAS Field Team and Conservation Team, as well as
members of Stoke by Nayland History society. Particular thanks must go to John
Prescott, Vivienne Klimowicz, Melanie Isted, Julia Stansfield and Angela Colcough who
helped with the initial organisation and drummed up support for the project.
The project was funded by the Managing a Masterpiece scheme, and SCCAS are
grateful to Dan King for his support throughout the weekend and to Chris Burton for his
assistance in setting the project up.
Project management was undertaken by Jo Caruth who also provided advice during the
production of the report.
Post-excavation management was provided by Richenda Goffin. Finds processing was
undertaken by Jonathan van Jennians and Preston Boyles. The specialist finds report
was produced by Richenda Goffin with additional advice provided by Andy Fawcett.
The report illustrations were created by Rob Brooks and the report was edited by
Richenda Goffin.
40
10. Bibliography
BGS, 2012, Information obtained from http://www.bgs.ac.uk/products/digital maps/
data_625k.html and reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey
©NERC. All rights Reserved
Cotter, J.P., 2000, Post-Roman Pottery from Excavations in Colchester, 1971-85.
Colchester Archaeol. Rep. 7. English Heritage, London.
English Heritage, 2013, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest.
District of Listing: Stoke-by-Nayland. List Entry Numbers: 1200348, 1200113, 1033513,
1033538 and 1200030, available at: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/
Jennings, S., 1981, Eighteen Centuries of pottery from Norwich. EAA 13, Norwich
Survey/NMS.
Lever, J., 2009, Tendring Hall, Suffolk: (executed) house for Admiral Sir Joshua Rowley,
1783-1789, available at: http://jeromeonline.co.uk.mytempdomain.com/drawings/index.
cfm?display_scheme=525
41
11. Plates
Fieldwork
Plate 1. SCCAS staff patrol the village!
42
Plate 2. View across the allotments and TP19.
43
Plate 4. Digging TP10.
Plate 5. The first excavated spit in TP 7.
44
Plate 6. TP14 on the edge of the Recreation Ground.
Plate 7. TP 15 by the tennis courts.
45
Plate 8. TP 7.
46
Plate 9. Dedicated workers in the rain in TP 15.
Plate 10. TP 8.
47
Plate 11. TP 7.
Plate 12. Carefully sieved spoil heaps from TP 2.
48
Plate 13. Sieving at TP 19.
Plate 14. TP 16.
49
Plate 15. The top spit in TP1 and a selection of finds, note the Roman pottery in the centre!
Plate 16. TP 5, someone's enjoying the rain!
50
Plate 17. Well found in TP 11.
Plate 18. SCCAS staff, lots of them, supervise sieving in TP8!
51
Plate 20. A monitoring visit at TP 10.
52
Plate 21. TP 16 being started in the rain.
Plate 22. Soil profile in TP2.
53
Plate 23. Recording TP 20.
54
Plate 25. A barrowful of stones from the sieving is backfilled into the base of TP 5
55
Plate 26. TP 9 in one of the rare moments of sunshine!
Plate 27. TP 16 attracting attention!
56
Plate 28. TP18 uncovered the former drive to Tendring Hall.
57
Plate 29. Lots of pottery and tile finds were made the soil layers in TP 8.
Plate 30. All that remains of Tendring Hall. Setting out for TP 18.
58
Plate 31. SCCAS staff get stuck in in TP 19.
59
The Operations Centre
Plate 32. Discussing pottery
60
61
62
Plate 38. Discussing strategy
Plate 39. The finds start coming in
63
Plate 40. Finds brought to the Hall
Plate 41. Some of the finds from TP 8
64
Plate 42. Trays of finds in the Hall
65
Plate 42. End of weekend summing up.
66
1
0
5
10cm
Scale 1:2
2
3
1
4
0
Scale 1:4
1. Sherds of Colchester Ware, all from TP8
2. Sherd of Roman Colchester buff ware from TP1
3. Sherd of a base of a Raeren jug from TP5
4. Part of a Staffordshire Ware bowl and slipware from TP11
5. Sample of finds found in Stoke by Nayland
Plate 43. Example of pottery finds
5
10
20cm
Appendix 1.
HER listings
Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Sites and Monuments Record
24/01/2013
Ref
Parish
Site Name
Period
MSF5676
Rom Late Rom, C4 - early C5, bronze buckle
with animal head returns.
PLS 009
PLS 009
PLS 012
Un
Concentric ring ditch, circa 20m diameter. Centroid TL 9879
3734 (MBR: 25m
by 25m)
Un
Remains of ? field boundary ditches from
rectilinear field system, trackway and two
adjoining rectangular ? enclosures, the
boundary of which appears to traverse
concentric ring ditch, PLS 012.
MSF10224
Steps Farm to Water
Tower, Stoke by Nayland
MSF19570
PLS 034
MSF19905
SBN 014
Centroid TL 9875
3737 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
Med Pottery Scatter.
Centroid TL 9871
3706 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
Med Papal bull of Gregorius VIIII (1227-1241)
found metal detecting.
Centroid TL 9894
3724 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
Un
Field system with curving trackway.
Centroid TL 9965
3485 (MBR:
100m by 100m)
Un
Ring ditch or small, not completely circular, Centroid TL 9922
3493 (MBR: 10m
enclosure, circa 30m diameter, with a
curving additional length of ditch on the SE by 10m)
side (S1)(S2).
MSF5604
SBN 016
NGR
Centroid TL 9887
3711 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
Bronze strap end with interlace decoration, Centroid TL 9887
animal head terminal and coin hoard.
3711 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
MSF10223
PLS 013
Summary Description
Sax
MSF5677
PLS 031
POLSTEAD, BABERGH, SUFFOLK
MSF5606
SBN 024
Tendring Hall Farm
MSF5614
Un
Large ring ditch or small circular
enclosure, circa 50m diameter.
Centroid TL 9849
3506 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
SBN 025
Tendring Hall Farm
Un
Ring ditch, circa 30m diameter.
Centroid TL 9855
3495 (MBR:
100m by 100m)
MSF5615
SBN 026
Tendring Hall Farm
MSF5616
Un
Centroid TL 9870
3471 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
SBN 027
Tendring Hall Farm
MSF5617
Un
Centroid TL 9865
3494 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
SBN 028
Tendring Hall Farm
MSF5618
Un
Oval cropmark of possible long barrow,
circa 40m long by 28m wide.
Centroid TL 9878
3483 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
Un
Ring ditch or small circular enclosure,
circa 40m diameter.
Centroid TL 9844
3510 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
Un
Linear ditches outlining a field system.
Centroid TL 9935
3625 (MBR:
100m by 100m)
SBN 036
MSF5626
SBN 060
MSF12302
MonListRpt2
Ref
Site Name
Period
SBN 062
Church of St Mary
MSF12830
Med St Mary's, Stoke By Nayland, is a large
perpendicular church situated in the
middle of the village. Probably a
Domesday minster.
Centroid TL 9860
3627 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
SBN 063
Tendring Hall, Fishing
Temple & Canal
MSF13621
PMed Temple (listed building) and ornamental
canal, approximately 170m long x 30m
wide with squared-off ends.
Centroid TL 9875
3547 (MBR:
190m by 100m)
SBN 064
Tendring Hall
MSF13618
PMed Tendring Hall (site of).
Centroid TL 9920
3572 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
SBN 065
Tendring Hall Estate
Neo Complete polished stone axehead,
112mm by 62mm by 30mm.
Centroid TL 9995
3565 (MBR:
100m by 100m)
Un
Ring ditch, approximately 30m diameter
and 30m N of ring ditch, SBN 025.
Centroid TL 9852
3501 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
Un
Small ring ditch, approximately 10m
diameter, very close to and just W of ring
ditch SBN 025.
Centroid TL 9851
3493 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
Un
Ring ditch, approximately 30m diameter,
situated between ring ditches SBN 025
and SBN 027.
Centroid TL 9859
3497 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
MSF13746
SBN 066
MSF14728
SBN 067
MSF14729
SBN 068
MSF14730
SBN 069
Tendring Hall Park
MSF14413
SBN 077
Un
Sub-square enclosure, circa 70m sides, on Centroid TL 9818
N side irregular boundary/water course
3520 (MBR: 10m
(S1).
by 10m)
Un
Straight N-S trackway cropmark (S1).
Un
Small ring ditch, diameter circa 5m, one of Centroid TL 9866
a large group of ring ditches, SBN 025,
3498 (MBR: 10m
027, 066, 067 and 068.
by 10m)
Un
Cropmarks of at least three parallel
Centroid TL 9919
ditches from sinuous NW-SE trackway (?) 3489 (MBR:
with rectangular enclosures (?) on E side 100m by 100m)
(S1)(S2).
Un
Faint cropmarks of field boundaries(?) and Centroid TL 9865
trackway in field on the Stoke by
3675 (MBR:
Nayland/Polstead border (S1).
100m by 100m)
Un
Cropmarks of small ring ditch on edge of
group. See SBN 025-028 etc.
MSF17108
SBN 079
MSF17474
SBN 080
MSF17475
SBN 081
MSF17810
SBN 082
MSF18504
NGR
PMed Registered Park and Garden - remains of Centroid TL 9939
landscape park of Repton and earlier C18 3564 (MBR: 10m
features.
by 10m)
MSF17107
SBN 078
Summary Description
Centroid TL 9845
3525 (MBR:
100m by 100m)
TL 9884 3485
(point)
SBN 090
Farm buildings at Tendring 18th Range of 18th C outbuildings
Hall Farm
MSF25273
SBN 091
Farm buildings at Scotland 16th- 16th C farmhouse with a 16th C barn and Centroid TL 9960
Place Farm
an 18th C cartlodge and stable
3675 (MBR:
131m by 133m)
MSF25274
MonListRpt2
Centroid TL 9931
3524 (MBR: 91m
by 79m)
Ref
Site Name
Period
SBN 095
Tendring Hall Prisoner of
War camp
MSF26066
WW2 Prisoner of War camp for German and
Italian prisoners. Tendring Hall was
demolished 1956.
Centroid TL 9920
3572 (MBR:
158m by 160m)
SBN Misc
Black Horse Stable
PMed A possible witch bottle was presented to
Moyses Hall Museum in 1984.
Centroid TL 9883
3635 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
MSF1514
Summary Description
SBN Misc
Brick Field
MSF19680
Un
SBN Misc
Downs Farm
Rom Lamp found in garden of Downs Farm.
MSF5630
MonListRpt2
NGR
Field name suggests possible brick works. Centroid TL 9993
3618 (MBR:
100m by 100m)
Centroid TL 9860
3605 (MBR: 10m
by 10m)
Appendix 2.
Listed buildings
Suffolk County Council Designation List Report
24/01/2013
Number of records: 78
DesigUID
Name
Type
Preferred Ref
N GR
DSF2763
CHURCH OF ST MARY
Listed Building
278559
TL 98628 36281 (point)
DSF1714
Listed Building
278607
TL 98467 36459 (point)
DSF2900
Listed Building
278598
TL 98799 36444 (point)
DSF315
ALDE HOUSE
Listed Building
278604
TL 98765 36473 (point)
DSF1695
ALMSHOUSES
Listed Building
278560
TL 98700 36328 (point)
DSF1208
ANGEL INN
Listed Building
278600
TL 98824 36308 (point)
DSF2138
ASSUR
Listed Building
278596
TL 98815 36405 (point)
DSF1291
Listed Building
277057
TL 98575 37173 (point)
DSF1241
BARN TO THE EAST OF STEPS
FARMHOUSE
BARN TO WEST OF SCOTLAND PLACE
Listed Building
450257
TL 98934 36180 (point)
DSF2903
BEECH COTTAGES
Listed Building
278565
TL 98782 36281 (point)
DSF1703
BISHOPS
Listed Building
278629
TL 99381 36636 (point)
DSF1763
BLACK HORSE INN
Listed Building
278593
TL 98832 36355 (point)
DSF1248
CART LODGE TO NORTH WEST OF
SCOTLAND PLACE
Listed Building
450256
TL 99557 36788 (point)
DSF299
CHERRY TREES
Listed Building
278627
TL 99284 36560 (point)
DSF1259
CLIP BUSH COTTAGES
Listed Building
278605
TL 98730 36601 (point)
DSF2531
CROWN COTTAGES
Listed Building
278583
TL 98862 36300 (point)
DSF1260
DICKHILL COTTAGE
Listed Building
278595
TL 98818 36396 (point)
DSF1704
DOVECOTE
Listed Building
278639
TL 99386 35611 (point)
DSF2139
DRIFT COTTAGE
Listed Building
278612
TL 98560 36276 (point)
DSF1712
GADS HILL
Listed Building
278599
TL 98782 36476 (point)
DSF309
GARDEN WALL TO HILL HOUSE
Listed Building
278577
TL 98674 36134 (point)
DSF2508
GRIMSEY COTTAGES
Listed Building
278591
TL 98921 36206 (point)
DSF1696
HALF MOON COTTAGE AND SHOP
ADJOINING
Listed Building
278563
TL 98724 36273 (point)
DSF2136
HILL HOUSE
Listed Building
278576
TL 98669 36152 (point)
DSF2140
HILLSIDE
Listed Building
278618
TL 99411 36657 (point)
zSortedDesignationListRpt
Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd
Page 1
DesigUID
Name
Type
Preferred Ref
NGR
DSF1995
HOLLY COTTAGE
Listed Building
278638
TL 98453 36475 (point)
DSF1711
HOLLY TREE COTTAGE
Listed Building
278594
TL 98821 36375 (point)
DSF1759
HOMESTEAD
Listed Building
278624
TL 99232 36496 (point)
DSF298
HONEYCROFT
Listed Building
278626
TL 99272 36547 (point)
DSF1709
HOUSE OWNED BY SIR JOSHUA
ROWLEY AND OLD BUTCHER'S SHOP
OCCUPIED BY K &K ELECTRICAL
Listed Building
278582
TL 98858 36308 (point)
DSF1769
HOUSES ABOUT 24 YARDS NORTH
EAST OF THE DOWNS ALMSHOUSES
Listed Building
278574
TL 98707 36080 (point)
DSF2533
LAVENDER COTTAGE
Listed Building
278609
TL 98524 36368 (point)
DSF2132
LILAC COTTAGES
Listed Building
278625
TL 99247 36515 (point)
DSF318
LOWER FEN
Listed Building
278617
TL 99384 36674 (point)
DSF3111
MAIN LODGE TO TENDRING HALL PARK Listed Building
278592
TL 98934 36181 (point)
DSF1761
MALTINGS COTTAGE
Listed Building
278631
TL 99636 36674 (point)
DSF317
MEAD HOUSE
Listed Building
278615
TL 99089 36483 (point)
DSF2133
OAK BEAMS
Listed Building
278628
TL 99344 36622 (point)
DSF1713
OAK BOUGH
Listed Building
278602
TL 98810 36354 (point)
DSF2905
OLD READING ROOM
Listed Building
278569
TL 98777 36248 (point)
DSF2532
OUTBUILDING AT THE REAR OF THE
COTTAGE
Listed Building
278590
TL 98900 36216 (point)
DSF1760
OUTBUILDING TO BISHOPS
Listed Building
278630
TL 99397 36638 (point)
DSF1710
PARK HOUSE
Listed Building
278587
TL 98890 36245 (point)
DSF314
PARK STREET COTTAGES
Listed Building
278588
TL 98899 36235 (point)
DSF1762
PARK STREET STORES
Listed Building
278586
TL 98865 36270 (point)
DSF2902
POPLAR FARMHOUSE
Listed Building
278550
TL 97834 35969 (point)
DSF292
PORTICO TO FORMER TENDERING
HALL
Listed Building
278674
TL 99201 35753 (point)
DSF1209
POSTBOYS
Listed Building
278603
TL 98799 36384 (point)
DSF1257
RIDGEWAY COTTAGE
Listed Building
278616
TL 99385 36653 (point)
DSF1689
SIR HUGH'S AND HOPE COTTAGE
Listed Building
278611
TL 98549 36308 (point)
DSF1211
ST ANTHONY'S COTTAGE WALNUT
TREE COTTAGE
Listed Building
278610
TL 98534 36350 (point)
Page 2
DesigUID
Name
Type
Preferred Ref
NGR
DSF2107
ST MARY'S COTTAGE
Listed Building
278614
TL 98561 36233 (point)
DSF2626
STEPS FARMHOUSE
Listed Building
277056
TL 98537 37168 (point)
DSF1210
STOKE BY NAYLAND PRIMARY SCHOOL Listed Building
278608
TL 98500 36402 (point)
DSF1205
STREET COTTAGE
Listed Building
278567
TL 98808 36290 (point)
DSF1207
SUNNYSIDE
Listed Building
278597
TL 98814 36427 (point)
DSF297
THATCHERS COTTAGE
Listed Building
278623
TL 99096 36463 (point)
DSF2505
THE COTTAGE
Listed Building
278568
TL 98743 36211 (point)
DSF2393
THE COTTAGE
Listed Building
278589
TL 98908 36222 (point)
DSF313
THE CROWN INN
Listed Building
278584
TL 98884 36300 (point)
DSF2535
THE DOWNS ALMSHOUSES
Listed Building
278573
TL 98684 36055 (point)
DSF1261
THE OLD BAKEHOUSE AND FENWOOD
Listed Building
278570
TL 98811 36271 (point)
DSF327
THE OLD VICARAGE
Listed Building
278561
TL 98679 36234 (point)
DSF1850
THE RECTORY
Listed Building
277055
TL 98789 37200 (point)
DSF2901
THE STABLES
Listed Building
278601
TL 98806 36342 (point)
DSF1993
THE TEMPLE
Listed Building
278549
TL 98660 35522 (point)
DSF2380
THE VICARAGE
Listed Building
278564
TL 98746 36271 (point)
DSF2112
THE WHITE HOUSE
Listed Building
278585
TL 98854 36281 (point)
DSF1262
TUDOR COTTAGE
Listed Building
278572
TL 98847 36282 (point)
DSF328
TUDOR COTTAGES
Listed Building
278571
TL 98837 36280 (point)
DSF2109
VALLEY FARMHOUSE
Listed Building
278555
TM 00091 36084 (point)
DSF2764
WALL TO THE NORTH EAST OF THE
OLD VICARAGE
Listed Building
278562
TL 98706 36266 (point)
DSF2000
487559
TL 98698 36274 (point)
DSF2134
WAR MEMORIAL IN THE CHURCHYARD Listed Building
OF ST MARYS CHURCH
WELL HOUSE
Listed Building
278637
TL 98477 36482 (point)
DSF2904
STREET HOUSE
Listed Building
278566
TL 98796 36286 (point)
DSF1206
THE DOWNS FARMHOUSE
Listed Building
278575
TL 98634 36054 (point)
DSF316
THE MALTINGS
Listed Building
278606
TL 98568 36306 (point)
DSF1212
THE OLD GUILDHALL AND TUDOR
COTTAGES
Listed Building
278613
TL 98565 36258 (point)
Page 3
Appendix 3.
List Entry
Number,
name and
details
1200348
School
Street,
West Side,
The Old
Guildhall,
Tudor
Cottages,
II* GV
1200113
The Downs,
Stoke-byNayland,
The Downs
Farmhouse,
II* GV
1033513
School
Street,
East Side,
Stoke-byNayland,
The
Maltings,
II* GV
1033538
Church
Street,
North Side,
Stoke-byNayland
Street
House,
II* GV
Listed buildings at Grade I and Grade II*
Description
A fine C16 and C17 timber-framed building with exposed timber-framing and plaster infil. 2 storeys. The
upper storey is jettied on the whole of the east front and north side on exposed joists, with curved
brackets and moulded shafts with capitals, and a moulded bressummer. At the north-west corner there is
a massive corner post and bracket. The upper storey is divided into 4 bays and the ground storey is
divided into 11 bays by moulded shafts with capitals. 4 window range, casements with moulded mullions
and lattice leaded lights. There is the original 4-centred arched door head of a former doorway. The house
was restored at the beginning of the C20 and divided into tenements. The present doorways, approached
by steps, are boarded, with fillets. Roofs tiled, with a fine central chimney stack with 6 octagonal shafts
with moulded bases (rebuilt at the top) on a rectangular base (dated 1619).
Former farmhouse. Early C16, with later extensions. Timber-framed and rendered; rear extensions partly
faced in C19 red brick; plaintiled roofs. 2 storeys; 3-cell plan, with the original chimney-stack set externally
on the rear wall of the hall, and a cross entry. The stack has been rebuilt in plain red brick. 4 window
range: on the upper floor, 2-light casement windows with square-leaded panes, pintle hinges and small
supporting brackets below the sills; on the ground floor, 2 small-paned sash windows in cased frames and
one cross window with square leading. Edwardian 4-panelled entrance door, still in the cross-entry
position, with a corresponding door on the rear wall: sunk panels, the top 2 glazed, flat pediment with
shaped mock-Jacobean brackets. Frame in 4 bays, the main feature of the interior being the outstandingly
fine carved and moulded ceiling to the central 2-bay ground-floor hall, some parts of which have been
recently exposed. The main cross-beams have multiple roll-mouldings combined with 2 rows of runningleaf design which terminate in leaf-stops. At the intersection of these main beams is a large carving of a
standing angel with outstretched wings, surrounded by an ornate canopy: he wears flowing robes, and
carries a blank shield. The joists are of triangular section and also have multiple roll-mouldings which
terminate in leaf-stops with a central motif, varying from one joist to another: flowers, fruit, figures and
miniature trees. This amount of detail on joist stops is very unusual. The cambered fireplace lintel, slightly
damaged by later plastering, has a lower narrow band of running-leaf carving and a wider upper band in a
different leaf design, the 2 separated by a double band of embattled ornament; in the centre of the top
band is a shield bearing the Mowbray crest of a lion rampant. The remaining framing of the main range is
plain, with only the main components visible; the roof is inaccessible. The rear range is in 3 sections, that
nearest the main house in 2 bays, into one of which a straight flight of stairs has been inserted. On the
ground floor the main beam, cut back for later render, has supporting brackets and plain unchamfered
joists.
Originally a good quality late medieval house, with an open hall and crown-post roof, flanked by 2 cross
wings. This was extended northwards in the 16th and subsequent centuries. Now divided into 4
tenements: the original house is now cottages 2 and 4, cottage No 2 continues the same roofline to the
north, and No 1 is lower than the rest of the building, with a gable facing the road. Restored in the C20.
The timber-framing is exposed on the front with plaster infil; apart from the hall section all the upper storey
on this front is jettied, on exposed joists with curved brackets. 2 storeys. 5 window range, casements with
lattice leaded lights, mostly modern but in style. The doorways have 4-centred arches and have boarded
doors with fillets. Roofs tiled, with 2 good chimney stacks with 4 grouped octagonal shafts. There is a 2
shafted stack at the north end and an external stack at the rear.
A good C15-C16 timber-framed and plastered house with 2 gables on the front and a gabled cross wing
on the north side. The west part of the front has a jettied upper storey on brackets. Over the doorway
there is part of a moulded wall plate and a castellated doorhead. 2 window range, double-hung sashes
with glazing bars. 2 doorways, one has a 6-panel door and the other a 4-panel door. Roof tiled, with 2
large square chimney stacks. The interior has carved ceiling beams with folded ribbon ornamentation and
moulded beams. Some 4-centred doorways and a C15 window with diamond mullions. Recent
excavations revealed below the C16 fireplace, at a depth of about 3 ft, an earlier hearth probably of
Norman date and below that a still earlier hearth.
1200030
Church
Lane,
Stoke-byNayland,
Church of
St Mary,
I GV
A fine C15 church built of freestone rubble and brick, with stone dressings. The nave and aisles have
castellated parapets and Perpendicular windows. It incorporates the remains of an earlier church built in
the late C13 or early C14 of which the south porch, St Edmunds Chapel and part of the aisle wall are part.
The late Norman piscina in the north chapel is the only surviving part of the original Norman church which
stood on the site and was recorded in the Doomsday survey of 1085. The imposing west tower which is
120 ft high forms a prominent landmark in the surrounding countryside. It is in 4 stages with an embattled
parapet with crocketted pinnacles and diagonal buttresses with canopied niches. The south porch is late
C13-early C14, with a groin vaulted roof with interesting carved bosses (restored). Above there is a small
priests chamber. The South door is of the same date, elaborately carved with figures, birds and insects,
said to be a Jesse tree. The nave has 6 tall arches and a stringcourse carved with cherubs (restored
1865) under the clerestory windows. The arch braced tie beams of the roof rest on carved corbels. At the
west end there is a tall lancet arch opening into the tower and revealing the west window. St Edmunds
Chapel was built circa 1318 by John de Peyton. There is a fine C15 octagonal font carved with the signs
of the Evangelists, a band of cherubs and ogee niches in the shaft. The font stands on a stepped base
with 4 standing platforms carved with shields, one of King Edward IV. The church has a number of
brasses of the C15 and a standing wall monument to Sir Francis Mannock of Giffords Hall (d 1634).
Graded for its architectural, historical and topographical value.
Listings taken from English Heritage, 2013
Appendix 4.
Context list
Context No
Feature Type
Description
Depth
Over
0101
Topsoil Layer
Dark brown soil with 5% stone flecks and small nodules. 0-0.1m below ground level.
0.1
0102
Under
Finds Sample Spotdate
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
Topsoil
0102
Topsoil Layer
Soil, clay and stone. Test pit abandoned as too much modern builders’ rubble encountered. Site was a haulage yard from 1930's to 2000, when it was
redeveloped.
0201
Topsoil Layer
Dark brown soil with sand and stone. Worked vegetable patch, manure, compost and topsoil has been added over 25 years. 1/5 bucket of flint and
stone recovered.
0202
Topsoil Layer
Brown soil with sand and stone (1/3 bucket of stone). Topsoil with pebbles and more sand than first spit.
0.1
0101
Topsoil
0.1
0202
0.1
0203
0201
Yes
No
0.1
0204
0202
Yes
No
0.1
0205
0203
Yes
No
0.1
0206
0204
Yes
No
0.1
0207
0205
Yes
No
0206
Yes
No
No
No
Topsoil
Topsoil
0203
Topsoil Layer
Light brown soil, sand and stone. 1/2 bucket of stone and flint small handful of charcoal. Some fine roots with a few small and medium pebbles.
Topsoil
0204
Soil Layer
Light brown soil, sand and stone. Few roots, 1 large flint, some slate, stone, medium and larger pebbles.
Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix.
0205
Soil Layer
Light brown soil, sand and stone. Greater portion of sand than previous spits, larger pebbles, flints. Roots from hedge and flowers.
Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix
0206
Soil Layer
Light brown soil, sand and stone. Sandier soil, bottle, china, mortar, larger pebbles, brick, large stone - some less round flints - smaller size.
0207
Soil Layer
Light brown soil, sand and stone. Contains brick, large stones and pebbles - roots from hedge. Unexcavated.
0.1
Buried topsoil/garden soil
0501
Topsoil Layer
Dark brown, soil (80%), sand (10%) and medium sized stone (10%).
0.1
0502
0.1
0503
0501
Yes
No
0.1
0504
0502
Yes
No
0.1
0505
0503
Yes
No
0.1
0506
0504
Yes
No
0.1
0507
0505
Yes
No
0506
Yes
No
Yes
No
Topsoil
0502
Topsoil Layer
Dark brown, soil (80%), sand (10%) and medium sized stone (10%).
Topsoil
0503
Soil Layer
Orange-brown, soil (70%), sand (10%), clay (10%) and stone (10%).
0504
Soil Layer
Orange brown, soil (64%), stone (15%), sand (10%), clay (10%) and charcoal (1%).
0505
Soil Layer
Dark brown, soil (64%), medium and large stones (20%), sand (10%), clay (5%) and charcoal (1%).
0506
Soil Layer
Orange brown with a dark patch, stone (50%), sand (30%), soil (19%) and charcoal (1%).
0507
Soil Layer
Orange brown with some dark patches, small, medium and large stone (40%), sand (30%), soil (29%) and charcoal (1%).
0.1
Subsoil/top of natural
070 1
Topsoil Layer
Dark brown, soil (90%), brick (8%) and charcoal (2%). No features.
0.3
0702
0.1
0703
0701
Yes
No
0.1
0704
0702
Yes
No
Topsoil
0 7 02
Topsoil Layer
Dark brown, soil (90%), brick (8%) and charcoal (2%). No features.
Topsoil
0703
Topsoil Layer
Dark brown, soil (95%), stone (4%), charcoal (<1%), chalk (<1%).
Topsoil
Context No
Feature Type
Description
Depth
0704
Soil Layer
Pale brown subsoil, stone (<1%) and charcoal (<1%).
0.1
Over
Under
0703
Yes
No
Yes
No
0801
Topsoil Layer
Dark brown, soil (75%) and stone (25%).
0.1
0802
0.1
0803
0801
Yes
No
0.1
0804
0802
Yes
No
0.1
0805
0803
Yes
No
0.1
0806
0804
Yes
No
0.1
0807
0805
Yes
No
0806
Yes
No
Topsoil
0802
Topsoil Layer
Dark brown, soil (85%) and medium and large stone (15%). Root disturbed and small/medium stones.
Topsoil
0803
Topsoil Layer
Dark brown, soil (75%), stone (25%) and grey ash.
Topsoil
0804
Soil Layer
Light brown, soil (45%), stone and brick (35%), sand (15%) and clay (5%).
0805
Soil Layer
Light brown, stone and brick (35%), soil (30%), clay (20%) and sand (15%) with charcoal flecks.
0806
Soil Layer
Light brown, small, medium and large stone (35%), soil (30%), clay (20%) and sand (15%).
0807
Soil Layer
Top of final unexcavated context, brick, tile and stones.
0901
Topsoil Layer
Soil (98%).
0.1
0902
0904
Yes
No
0.1
0903
0901
Yes
No
0902
No
No
No
No
Topsoil
0902
Soil Layer
Soil (80%) and clay (20%). 0.15-0.25m BGL.
Topsoil/subsoil.
0903
Soil Layer
Soil (80%) and clay (20%).
0.1
Topsoil/subsoil.
0904
Topsoil Layer
Topsoil. Should have been recorded as Context 0001 for this test pit. 0-0.15m BGL.
0.15
0901
0.1
1002
1007
No
No
0.1
1003
1001
Yes
No
0.1
1004
1002
Yes
No
0.1
1005
1003
Yes
No
0.1
1006
1004
Yes
No
1005
Yes
No
Topsoil.
1001
Topsoil Layer
Dark brown, soil (98%) and medium stones (2%). 0.2-0.3m BGL.
Topsoil
1002
Soil Layer
Lighter brown, stone (95%), sand (4%) and soil (1%).
1003
Soil Layer
Soil (55%), Mortar/sand (40%) and stone (5%).
1004
Soil Layer
Soil (97%) and small and medium stones (3%).
1005
Soil Layer
Sandy light brown, clay (66%), soil (30%) and sand (10%).
1006
Soil Layer
Excavated sondage to find natural. Orange/light brown, clay (70%), sand (25%) and large stones (5%).
0.23
1007
Topsoil Layer
Soil (99%) and medium stones (1%) - should have been context 1. 0-0.1m BGL.
0.1
1001
No
No
0.1
1102
Yes
No
0.1
1103
Yes
No
Topsoil
1101
Topsoil Layer
Topsoil.
Topsoil.
1102
Topsoil Layer
Topsoil.
Topsoil.
1101
Context No
Feature Type
Description
Depth
Over
Under
1103
Soil Layer
Layer taken off before reaching formation of structure. Dug at same time as context 1104.
0.1
1104
1102
Yes
No
1103
No
No
0.1
Yes
No
0.1
No
No
Yes
No
0.1
Yes
No
0.1
Yes
No
0.1
Yes
No
0.1
Yes
No
0.1
No
No
0.1
No
No
0.1
Yes
No
0.1
Yes
No
0.1
No
No
0.1
No
No
0.15
Yes
No
0.05
Yes
No
0.1
Yes
No
0.1
Yes
No
0.1
No
No
Topsoil.
1104
Soil Layer
Layer taken off before reaching formation of structure. Excavated with context 1103.
0.1
Topsoil.
1105
Well Structure Brick structure between spits 4-5, possibly Tudor bricks on lime mortar.
Well set within topsoil. Appears to pre-date the late 19th century layout of the site though, as undercuts the old brick structure.
1106
Soil Layer
Greyish-orangish-brown soil outside of well.
1107
Well Structure Well structure. Brick lined shaft, with a double course of bricks – mixed Tudor bricks and plain handmade bricks. Bonded with lime mortar,
Well.
1401
Topsoil Layer
Rich brown soil (90%) and small stones (10%)
Topsoil
1402
Topsoil Layer
Dark brown soil (90%) and small stones (10%)
Topsoil
1403
Soil Layer
Lighter brown soil (84%), medium stones (15%) and charcoal flecks (1%)
1404
Soil Layer
Light brown.
1405
Soil Layer
Light orange-brown.
Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix/interface with natural?
1501
Topsoil Layer
Green grass and then mid brown soil (95%) and small stones (5%). The grass surface was prepared and hence easily workable. However heavy and
persistent rain fell after the turf removal causing the earth to coagulate and the sieving to become impossible.
1502
Topsoil Layer
Light brown soil (70%) and small-medium stones (30%). The going was difficult due to the stone, there was a concentration of charcoal to the east of
the square but did not appear to be a cut.
1503
Topsoil Layer
1504
Topsoil Layer
1505
Soil Layer
Turf and topsoil.
Topsoil
Mid brown soil (70%), clay (15%) and small-medium stones. The soil darkened to mid brown and became less stony. Excellent loam, more charcoal in
evidence to the east but removed by the time 40cm depth was reached.
Topsoil
Mid brown soil (70%), medium and large flints (15%), sand (10%) and clay (5%). The soil structure has changed. It is more difficult to work with, large
unworked flint strewn across the site with a lightish patch in the middle of the eastern boundary. The lightish patch was sandy soil.
Topsoil
Sandy brown clay (35%), sand (30%), stone (20%) and soil (15%).
Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix?
1601
Topsoil Layer
Brown soil (60%), sand (30%) and small-large stones (10%).
Topsoil.
1602
Topsoil Layer
Brown soil (83%), sand (10%) and small-medium stones (10%). Dark patches.
Topsoil.
1603
Topsoil Layer
Brown soil (83%), sand (10%) and stone (7%). One dark patch.
Topsoil.
1604
Soil Layer
Darker brown soil (85%), sand (10%) and small stones (5%).
Buried topsoil.
1605
Soil Layer
Brown soil (83%), sand (15%) and stone (2%). No features.
Disturbed subsoil.
Context No
Feature Type
Description
Depth
Over
Under
1606
Soil Layer
Possible charcoal ring.
0.1
Yes
No
0.1
No
No
0.05
No
No
0.15
Yes
No
0.05
Yes
No
0.1
Yes
No
0.1
Yes
No
0.1
No
No
0.15
Yes
No
0.05
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Disturbed subsoil and charcoal.
1701
Topsoil Layer
Topsoil.
Test pit abandoned after excavation of initial 0.1m.
1801
Topsoil Layer
Turf and topsoil, overlying compacted gravel and sand.
Topsoil overlying what is probably the natural geology. Alternatively the gravel and sand could be an area of buried driveway??
1901
Topsoil Layer
Medium brown soil (95%) and stone (5%).
Topsoil.
1902
Topsoil Layer
Soil (94.8%), small stones (5%) and charcoal (0.2%).
Topsoil.
1903
Soil Layer
Subsoil.
1904
Soil Layer
More sandy and stony (10%), charcoal flecks.
Subsoil.
1905
Soil Layer
Sandy and medium stones (30%).
Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix/top of natural geology?
2001
Soil Layer
Dark brown and slightly orange soil (70%), stone (25%) and clay (5%). Just soil and stone in top layer, some fragments of brick.
Topsoil, mixed with subsoil.
2002
Soil Layer
Dark orange brown large stone (80%), soil (18%), sand (1%) and clay (1%). Hit natural at 20cm, mainly consisted of stone.
Subsoil/natural geology.
9101
Topsoil Layer
No details recorded. Excavation of topsoil in Primary School Test Pit 1 outreach programme. Uppermost spit.
0.1
9102
Topsoil?
9102
Topsoil Layer
No details recorded. Excavation of topsoil in Primary School Test Pit 1 outreach programme. Bottom spit.
0.1
9101
Topsoil?
9201
Soil Layer
No details recorded. Excavation of topsoil in Primary School Test Pit 2 outreach programme. Uppermost spit.
0.1
9202
Topsoil?
9202
Soil Layer
No details recorded. Excavation of topsoil in Primary School Test Pit 2 outreach programme. Bottom spit.
0.1
9201
Topsoil?
9301
Unstratified
Finds
No data recorded. Finds label records Test Pit 116, spit 0002A, which didn't exist. Renumbered to fit into new context numbers.
Yes
No
9302
Unstratified
Finds
Three pot sherds without any context information recorded.
No
No
Appendix 5.
Spit/Context
& depth
Test Pit 1
01/0001
0-0.1m
02/0002
0.1-0.2m
Test Pit 2
01/0001
0-0.1m
02/0002
0.1-0.2m
03/0003
0.2-0.3m
04/0004
0.3-0.4m
05/0005
0.4-0.5m
06/0006
0.5-0.6m
07/0007
0.6-0.7m
Test Pit 5
01/0001
0-0.1m
02/0002
0.1-0.2m
03/0003
0.2-0.3m
04/0004
0.3-0.4m
05/0005
0.4-0.5m
06/0006
0.5-0.6m
07/0007
0.6-0.7m
Test Pit 7
01/0001
0-0.3m
02/0002
0.3-0.4m
03/0003
0.4-0.5m
04/0004
0.5-0.6m
Test pit records
Description
Archaeological interpretation
Dark brown soil with 5% stone flecks and small nodules of
chalk.
Soil, clay and stone. Test pit abandoned as too much
modern builders’ rubble encountered. Site was a haulage
yard from 1930's to 2000, when it was redeveloped
Topsoil
Topsoil
Dark brown soil with sand and stone. Worked vegetable
patch, manure, compost and topsoil has been added over 25
years. 1/5 bucket of flint and stone recovered.
Brown soil with sand and stone (1/3 bucket of stone).
Topsoil with pebbles and more sand than first spit.
Light brown soil, sand and stone. 1/2 bucket of stone and
flint small handful of charcoal. Some fine roots with a few
small and medium pebbles.
Light brown soil, sand and stone. Few roots, 1 large flint,
some slate, stone, medium and larger pebbles.
Light brown soil, sand and stone. Greater portion of sand
than previous spits, larger pebbles, flints. Roots from hedge
and flowers.
Light brown soil, sand and stone. Sandier soil, bottle, china,
mortar, larger pebbles, brick, large stone - some less round
flints - smaller size.
Light brown soil, sand and stone. Contains brick, large
stones and pebbles - roots from hedge. Unexcavated.
Topsoil
Dark brown, soil (80%), sand (10%) and medium sized stone
(10%).
Dark brown, soil (80%), sand (10%) and medium sized stone
(10%).
Orange-brown, soil (70%), sand (10%), clay (10%) and
stone (10%).
Orange brown, soil (64%), stone (15%), sand (10%), clay
(10%) and charcoal (1%).
Dark brown, soil (64%), medium and large stones (20%),
sand (10%), clay (5%) and charcoal (1%).
Orange brown with a dark patch, stone (50%), sand (30%),
soil (19%) and charcoal (1%).
Orange brown with some dark patches, small, medium and
large stone (40%), sand (30%), soil (29%) and charcoal
(1%).
Topsoil
Dark brown, soil (90%), brick (8%) and charcoal (2%). No
features.
Dark brown, soil (90%), brick (8%) and charcoal (2%). No
features.
Dark brown, soil (95%), stone (4%), charcoal (<1%), chalk
(<1%).
Pale brown subsoil, stone (<1%) and charcoal (<1%).
Topsoil
Topsoil
Buried topsoil/garden soil
Topsoil
Subsoil/top of natural
Topsoil
Topsoil
Topsoil
Spit/Context
& depth
Test Pit 8
01/0001
0-0.1m
02/0002
0.1-0.2m
03/0003
0.2-0.3m
04/0004
0.3-0.4m
05/0005
0.4-0.5
06/0006
0.5-0.6
07/0007
Unexcavated
Test Pit 9
01/0001
0-0.15m
02/0002
0.15-0.25m
03/0003
0.25-0.35m
04/0004
0.35-0.45m
Test Pit 10
01/0001
0-0.1m
02/0002
0.1-0.2m
03/0003
0.2-0.3m
04/0004
0.3-0.4m
05/0005
0.4-0.5m
06/0006
0.5-0.6m
07/0007
0.6-0.83m
Test Pit 11
01/0001
0-0.1m
02/0002
0.1-0.2m
03/0003
0.2-0.3m
04/0004
0.3-0.4m
05/0005
0.4-0.5m
06/0006
0.5-0.6m
0007
Description
Dark brown, soil (75%) and stone (25%).
Topsoil
Dark brown, soil (85%) and medium and large stone (15%).
Root disturbed and small/medium stones.
Dark brown, soil (75%), stone (25%) and grey ash.
Topsoil
Light brown, soil (45%), stone and brick (35%), sand (15%)
and clay (5%).
Light brown, stone and brick (35%), soil (30%), clay (20%)
and sand (15%) with charcoal flecks.
Light brown, small, medium and large stone (35%), soil
(30%), clay (20%) and sand (15%).
Top of final unexcavated context, brick, tile and stones.
Soil (98%).
Topsoil
Soil (98%).
Topsoil
Topsoil
Unknown
Soil (99%) and medium stones (1%).
Topsoil
Dark brown, soil (98%) and medium stones (2%).
Topsoil
Lighter brown, stone (95%), sand (4%) and soil (1%).
Soil (55%), Mortar/sand (40%) and stone (5%).
Soil (97%) and small and medium stones (3%).
Sandy light brown, clay (66%), soil (30%) and sand (10%).
Excavated sondage to find natural. Orange/light brown, clay
(70%), sand (25%) and large stones (5%).
Topsoil.
Topsoil.
Topsoil.
Topsoil.
Layer taken off before reaching formation of structure. Dug
at same time as context 0004.
Layer taken off before reaching formation of structure.
Excavated with context 0003.
Brick structure between spits 4-5, possibly Tudor bricks on
lime mortar.
Topsoil.
Greyish-orangish-brown soil outside of well.
Well structure. Brick lined shaft, with a double course of
bricks – mixed Tudor bricks and plain handmade bricks.
Bonded with lime mortar,
Topsoil
Topsoil.
Well set within topsoil. Appears to predate the late 19th century layout of the
site though, as undercuts the old brick
structure.
Well.
Spit/Context
& depth
Test Pit 14
01/0001
0-0.1m
02/0002
0.1-0.2m
03/0003
0.2-0.3m
04/0004
0.3-0.4m
05/0005
0.4-0.5m
Test Pit 15
01/0001
0-0.1m
02/0002
0.1-0.2m
03/0003
0.2-0.3m
04/0004
0.3-0.4m
05/0005
0.4-0.5m
Test Pit 16
01/0001
0-0.15m
02/0002
0.15-0.2m
03/0003
0.2-0.3m
04/0004
0.3-0.4m
05/0005
0.4-0.5m
06/0006
0.5-0.6m
Test Pit 19
01/0001
0-0.15m
02/0002
0.15-0.2m
03/0003
0.2-0.3m
04/0004
0.3-0.4m
05/0005
0.4-0.5m
Description
Rich brown soil (90%) and small stones (10%)
Topsoil.
Dark brown soil (90%) and small stones (10%)
Topsoil.
Lighter brown soil (84%), medium stones (15%) and
charcoal flecks (1%)
Light brown.
Light orange-brown.
Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil
mix/interface with natural?
Green grass and then mid brown soil (95%) and small
stones (5%). The grass surface was prepared and hence
easily workable. However heavy and persistent rain fell after
the turf removal causing the earth to coagulate and the
sieving to become impossible.
Light brown soil (70%) and small-medium stones (30%). The
going was difficult due to the stone, there was a
concentration of charcoal to the east of the square but did
not appear to be a cut.
Mid brown soil (70%), clay (15%) and small-medium stones.
The soil darkened to mid brown and became less stony.
Excellent loam, more charcoal in evidence to the east but
removed by the time 40cm depth was reached.
Mid brown soil (70%), medium and large flints (15%), sand
(10%) and clay (5%). The soil structure has changed. It is
more difficult to work with, large unworked flint strewn across
the site with a lightish patch in the middle of the eastern
boundary. The lightish patch was sandy soil.
Sandy brown clay (35%), sand (30%), stone (20%) and soil
(15%).
Turf and topsoil.
Brown soil (60%), sand (30%) and small-large stones (10%).
Topsoil.
Brown soil (83%), sand (10%) and small-medium stones
(10%). Dark patches.
Brown soil (83%), sand (10%) and stone (7%). One dark
patch.
Darker brown soil (85%), sand (10%) and small stones (5%).
Topsoil.
Brown soil (83%), sand (15%) and stone (2%). No features.
Disturbed subsoil.
Possible charcoal ring.
Disturbed subsoil and charcoal.
Medium brown soil (95%) and stone (5%).
Topsoil.
Topsoil.
Subsoil.
More sandy and stony (10%), charcoal flecks.
Subsoil.
Sandy and medium stones (30%).
Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix/top
of natural geology?
Topsoil.
Topsoil.
Topsoil.
Buried topsoil/disturbed subsoil mix?
Topsoil.
Buried topsoil.
Spit/Context
& depth
Test Pit 20
01/0001
0-0.15m
02/0002
0.15-0.2m
Description
Dark brown and slightly orange soil (70%), stone (25%) and
clay (5%). Just soil and stone in top layer, some fragments
of brick.
Dark orange brown large stone (80%), soil (18%), sand (1%)
and clay (1%). Hit natural at 20cm, mainly consisted of
stone.
Topsoil, mixed with subsoil.
Primary school Test Pit 1
01/0001
No details present.
0-0.1m
02/0002
No details present.
0.1-0.2m
Primary school Test Pit 2
01/0001
No details present.
0-0.1m
02/0002
No details present.
0.1-0.2m
Subsoil/natural geology.
Topsoil?
Topsoil?
Topsoil?
Topsoil?
Appendix 6.
Testpit
Context
Pottery catalogue
Fabric name
Form
No of
sherds
Comments
tiny frag
Date range
TP1
01
01
Yellow ware
BODY
1
01
01
Staffordshire white salt-glazed stoneware
BOWL?
1
L18th-19th C
1720-1780
01
01
Refined white earthenware
BODY
4
Plain
1800-1900+
01
01
BODY
1
Moulded
1800-1900+
01
01
Buffware
JAR?
1
Possibly narrow mouthed jar, poss w yellowish surface wash
Roman??
TP2
02
01
Medieval coarseware
BODY
1
12th-14th C
02
01
Glazed red earthenware
BODY
1
16th-18th C
02
01
Late post-med earthenware
FLOP
1
18th-20th C
02
01
Tin-glazed earthenware
BODY
1
17th-18th C
02
02
English stoneware
BODY
1
02
02
Chinese porcelain
BOWL?
1
Fine scroll decoration in orange red
Abraded
02
02
BODY
1
02
02
Medieval coarseware
BODY
1
17th-19th C
02
02
FLOP
2
02
BODY
2
Blue and white
Annular rings
02
02
BODY
1
02
Post-medieval redware
BODY
1
02
03
BODY
2
02
03
Late slipped redware
BODY
1
02
03
English stoneware
BODY
1
02
03
BODY
1
16th-18th C
L12th-14th C
02
02
17th-18th C
18th-20th C
19th C
19th C
16th-18th C
16th-18th C
Bowl fragment
18th-19th C
Green transfer printed ware
1825-1900
17th-19th C
02
03
Creamware
BODY
1
1740-1880
02
03
Porcelain
BODY
1
17th-19th C
02
03
Pearlware
BODY
2
02
03
BODY
4
Moulded
1770-1880
19th C
02
03
Unspecified colour coat
BODY
1
02
04
Medieval coarseware
BODY
1
L12th-14th C
02
04
BODY
2
18th-20th C
02
04
English stoneware
BODY
1
17th-20th C
02
04
Porcelain
BODY
1
18th-20th C
02
04
Creamware
BODY
2
02
04
Ironstone china
DISH
4
Roman colour-coated vessel, poss an import from Central Gaul
2nd-4th C
1740-1880
And bowl. Blue and white transfer printed
19th C
02
04
DISH
7
And bowl. Dish with red and black banded dec
19th C
02
05
Medieval coarseware
CP/JAR
1
Rim of jar, probably from form with neckless rim - Colchster type
12th-14th C
02
05
FLOP
4
18th-20th C
02
05
Creamware
BODY
2
1740-1880
02
05
Porcelain
BODY
3
02
05
BODY
1
1 moulded
17th-19th C
16th-18th C
02
05
Yellow ware
BODY
1
02
05
Ironstone china
MUG?
1
02
05
English stoneware
BODY
1
02
05
Pearlware
CPT
02
05
Transfer printed ware
MUG
L18th-19th C
Brown transfer printed ware, floral dec
1810-1900
3
Sponged rim of CPT? And fragment of dish
1770-1880
1
Probably children's mug, purple transfer printed ware
1848-1900
17th-20th C
02
05
Pearlware
DISH
4
Different vessels, 1 willow pattern border
1770-1880
02
05
DISH
1
Dish with red band as in context 4
19th C
02
05
Bone china
BOWL?
15
Several vessels, one with gold line around rim
1794-1900
02
06
Creamware
BODY
4
Includes footring
1740-1880
02
06
Porcelain
BODY
1
Moulded, probably bowl
17th-19th C
02
06
Ironstone china
BODY
6
Blue sponged ware + one other vessel seen in other contexts in TP2
1810-1900
02
06
English stoneware
BODY
1
02
06
Ironstone china
DISH
4
Blue and white transfer printed wares
19th C
02
06
MUG
2
Probably children's mug, purple transfer printed ware, animals
1848-1900
02
06
MUG
3
Sponged red rim dec + base of plain frag
19th C
02
06
DISH
2
Dish with red band as in context 4
19th C
02
06
Bone china
BOWL?
11
Several vessels, one with gold line around rim, could be just REFW but cup handle BONE
1794-1900
17th-20th C
02
06
Pearlware
RIM
1
Rope effect rim
1770-1880
02
06
BODY
2
Thick body sherds, added later
16th-18th C
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
06
06
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
Medieval coarseware
Iron glazed redware
English stoneware
Nottinghamshire type stonewares
Yellow ware
Pearlware
Ironstone china
Pearlware
Creamware
Ironstone china
Refined bone china
FLOP
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BOWL
FLOP
CPT
DISH
DISH?
BODY
DISH
BODY
BODY
BASE
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
3
11
1
1
2
1
5
9
TP5
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
02
02
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
Creamware
English stoneware
English stoneware
Creamware
Tin-glazed earthenware
Ironstone china
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BOWL
FLOP
BODY
BODY
BODY
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
7
Large body sherd, oxid ext margins, sandy fab, prob 13th-14th C
Very abraded
Very abraded
Part of bottle
blue and white dec, and willow pattern, more than one vessel
Base
brown stipple, floral
Crenallated rim shape
Blue with applied strip
Plain white
Plain white, ?bone china, some with gold line
Mocha banded & glazed wall tile
Fragment from mixing bowl
Base
Annular, banded
Blue and white
18th-120th C
13th-14th C
16th-18th C
16th-18th C
17th-20th C
1700-1800
L18th-19th C
18th-20th C
1770-1880
1800-1900+
1770-1880
1810-1900
19th C+
1740-1880
1800-1900
1794-1900
19th C+
1780-1900
17th-20th C
16th-18th C
17th-20th C
18th-20th C
1780-1880
17th-18th C
1800-1900+
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
03
04
04
04
04
04
04
05
05
05
06
07
Creamware
English stoneware
Raeren stoneware
Dutch-type redware
Iron glazed blackware
Creamware
Medieval coarseware
Colchester type ware
B0DY
BODY
BODY
BOTT
DJUG
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TP7
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
03
Yellow ware
Brown-glazed whiteware
Ironstone china
Creamware
Yellow ware
Ironstone china
Creamware
Creamware
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BOWL?
BODY
BODY
BODY
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
6
1
2
TP8
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
Pearlware
Ironstone china
Ironstone china
Yellow ware
Ironstone china
Pearlware
Pearlware?
English stoneware staffordshire type
Ironstone china
Ironstone china
Creamware
Ironstone china
Pearlware
Ironstone china
English lustreware
Ironstone china
JUG?
FLOP
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BOWL?
BOWL?
BODY
BODY
BODY
BOWL
BODY
PIP
BODY
BOWL
BODY
BODY
BOWL
SAUC?
BOWL
BOWL?
5
1
2
1
4
3
1
1
1
1
2
5
2
4
1
4
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
TPW Red
Frilly base of drinking vessel
Corrugated pale blue, seen in another contexty
Base sherd
Rilled pale blue glaze ext
Investigate this fab
Transfer printed ware, green
Bright blue in, white ext, seen elsewhere
Blue and white
Fluted
Transfer printed ware, blue and white
Transfer printed ware, black
Small footring
Red banded
Applied sprigs
Plain frags
Blue and white
Large sherd, glazed internally
Annular creamware, pale blue bands
Blue and white
Willow pattern, Trnasfer printed ware
Blue and white transfer printed ware
Probably Sunderland lustreware
Orange TPW overglaze
1800-1900
1720-1780
1848-1880
17th-20th C+
L15th-16th C
15th-17th C
16TH-18TH c
1740-1880
L12th-14th C
16th-18th C
L13th-M16th C
19th C+
16th-18th C
L18th-19th C
1800-1900+
18th-20th C
1825-1900
1740-1880
L18th-19th C
1800-1900+
1740-1880
1740-1880
18th C
18th-20th C
18th-20th C
1770-1850
1800-1900
1800-1900
L18th-19th C
1800-1900
1770-1850
1770-1880
L17th-M18th C
1800-1900
19th C+
1800-1909
16th-18th C
1740-1880
1800-1900+
18th-19th C
1770-1850
1800-1900+
1800-1900
1800-1900+
19th C+
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
02
02
02
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
Yellow ware
Brown-glazed whiteware
Ironstone china and refined earthenware
English stoneware
Ironstone China
Creamware
Ironstone china
Staffordshire slipware
Yellow ware
Ironstone china
Staffordshire manganese
Late medieval and transitional ware
Pearlware
Ironstone china
Pearlware
Glazed red earthenware?
English stoneware staffordshire type
Pearlware
Dutch type slipware?
Colchester slipware
Yellow ware
Pearlware
Ironstone china
Ironstone china
BOWL LARGE
BODY
BODY
BOTT/JAR
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
JAR SMALL
BASe
BODY
BODY
BODY
BOWL
BODY
BODY
BODY
BASE
BODY
BODY
BASE
DISH
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BASE
PIP
BODY
LID?
CAUL/JAR
JAR?
BODY
DISH
BODY
BOWL?
BODY
BODY
BOWL
PANCH
BODY
BODY
CPT
DISH
BOWL
BODY
PIP?
3
1
17
1
1
1
4
4
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
6
1
5
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
4
1
2
11
2
2
2
1
Transfer printed ware, some black
Base sherd?
Internal encrustation
Black transfer printed ware and 1 cup handle
With blue band
Blue and white transfer printed ware, dish base?
And base - 1 with small footring
Moulded
Footring
Most from storage vessel or jar
Plain joining base sherd from ?cylindrical jar
Blue and white, transfer printed ware
Black
Pink and green stipple internally
V abraded
Burnt?
Thumbed jug base… prob 16th C
External surface almost comp gone
Cauldron or jar rim with pouring lip
Iron glazed small jar?
Blue and white foliate decoration
Different vessels, 1 sooted base
Horizontal handle
Banded chamberpot with blue mocha
Blue and white
Tubular rod handle from pipkin?
L18th-19th C
18th-20th C
1810+
1700-1800
17th-20th C
16th-18th C
16th-18th C
1800-1900+
1740-1880
1800-1900
16th-18th C
19th C+
1650-1800
L18th-19th C
16th-18th C
19th C+
1800-1900
L17th-18th C
16th-18th C
15th-16th C
1740-1880
1800-1900
18th-20th C
18th-19th C
19th C+
18th C
1740-1880
19th C+
16th-18th C
16th-18th C
16th-18th C
15th-16th C
15th-16th C
L17th-M18th C
16th-18th C
1740-1880
16th-18th C
16th-18th C
13th-M16th C
15th-16th C
L16th-17th C
16th-18th C
15th-16th C
15th-16th C
L18th-19th C
1770-1850
1800-1900
1800-1900
15th-16th C
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
Pearlware
Ironstone china
Banded creamware
Colchester slipped ware
Colchester slipped ware
Late colchester type ware
FLOP
JUG
BOWL
BOWL?
CIST?
BODY
JUG
JUG/CIST
JUG
STRAIN/COL
BODY
2
2
1
6
5
2
1
3
1
1
4
Flower pot with iron object in base
Blue and white, vine leaf dec
18th-20th
1770-1850
1800-1900+
Annular with blue/white bands and white ?paint in base. Footring, same vessel as in context 6 1780-1900
Colchester type slipware, prob cistern or squat jug, Cotter suggests date c1475-1550
14th-15th C
2 joining, slipped and glazed, reduced core
14th-15th C
Large sherd, thumbing for strap handle, Cheam whiteware copy?
13th-M16th C
Thick reduced base sherds
14th-15th C
Squat jug rim, see Cotter 128
L15th-16th C
Perforated fragment, either strainer or colander, see Cotter 155
L15th-16th C
Part of possible chafing dish, small slipped frag.
15th-E16th C
TP9
09
02
Pearlware
DISH
1
TP10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
03
03
03
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
06
Creamware
Staffs salt-glazed stoneware
Porcelain
Ironstone china
Ironstone china
Glazed red earthenware?
Medieval coarseware
Ironstone china
Ironstone china
Creamware
Ironstone china
English stoneware
Creamware
Ironstone china
Colchester slipped
Creamware
Pearlware
BODY
BODY
TCUP
BODY
BODY
PLANT POT
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BASE
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
FLOP
MUG/TYG
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
5
9
2
3
2
1
1
1
11
4
7
3
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
Miniature tea cup, green floral dec
Plain white
Transfer printed ware, brown
Some blue and white transfer printed ware
Plain
Small rod handle
Plain
Blue and white
1770-1850
1740-1880
1720-80
18th-20th C
1800-1900
1800-1900
18th-20th C
16th-18th C
L12th-14th C
16th-18th C
16th-18th C
1810-1900
1800-1900+
1740-1880
1800-1900+
1800-1900
16th-18th C
16th-18th C
16th-17th C
17th-20th C
1720-80
1740-1880
1800-1900
1800-1900
16th-18th C
15th-16th C
16th-18th C
16th-18th C
1740-1880
1800-1900+
18th C
1770-1850
16th-18th C
10
10
06
06
CHT?
MUG?
1
1
1800-1900
1720-80
TP11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
03/04
05
05
05
05
05
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
English stoneware
Creamware
Westerwald stoneware
Ironstone china
Creamware
Sunderland slipware
English stoneware
Creamware
Pearlware
Creamware
Ironstone china
Ironstone china
Ironstone china
Creamware
Ironstone china
Porcelain
English stoneware
English stoneware
Pearlware
Ironstone china
Yellow ware
Westerwald stoneware
Staffordshire combed slipware
Mocha ware
Lustreware
Creamware
Yellow ware
Pearlware
BODY
FLOP
BODY
DISH
DISH
BOWL?
BASE
BOWL?
FLOP
BODY
BOWL
BODY
BODY
FLOP
DISH
BOTT
BOWL?
BOWL
BOWL
BOWL/JAR
BODY
PLATE?
BODY
BODY
DISH
BODY
BODY
MUG?
BOWL
BODY
BODY
BODY
BOTT
JUG
BODY
BODY
BODY
BOWL
BOWL
BOWL
MUG
BOWL SMALL
BOWL SMALL
BOWL DEEP
DISH/PLATE
1
4
2
1
1
1
1
2
5
2
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
4
1
9
1
1
1
10
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
17th-19th C
18th-20th C
16th-18th C
19th C+
16th-18th C
1740-1880
1600-1800
16th-18th C
18th-20th
1810-1900
1800-1900
1740-1880
19th-20th C
18th-20th C
1800-1900
17th-20th C
1700-1800
18th-19th C
16th-18th C
16th-18th C
1740-1880
1770-1850
1740-1880
1800-1900
1800-1900
1800-1900
1740-1880
1800-1900
19th C+
19th C+
17th-20th C
17th-20th C
17th-20th C
1770-1850
1800-1900
L18th-19th C
17th-18th C
16th-18th C
1650-1800
1780-1900
1800-1900
1740-1880
19th C
L18th-19th C
1770-1880
Plain
Slipped, check out fabric
Or saucer, polychrome
Cobalt blue, chamber pot?
Black transfer printed ware
Fluted bowl
Transfer printed ware, bw willow pattern.
Blue outside, white inside
Transfer printed ware, B&W
Transfer printed ware, B&W, willow pattern
Blue banded
Gold bands internally
7 plain, 1 blue foliate
Plain
Top part of blacking bottle
?Frag of cream jug with floral dec
Could be Staffordshire stoneware
Abraded, small bowl
Heavily sooted beneath the rim
With red internal dec
With daven(port) stmaped in green on base and delicate floral dec
Blue 'feather' on edge
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
English stoneware
Pearlware
Pearlware
Ironstone china
Pearlware
Ironstone china
Creamware
Creamware
Ironstone china
Creamware
Porcelain
BODY
BOWL PUNCH?
BASE
DISH
BODY
BODY
JAR?
BOWL?
BOWL
BODY
JUG?
BOWL
BODY
BODY
6
5
1
1
1
4
1
1
7
1
4
1
1
1
TP14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
03
03
03
03
04
04
04
04
Colchester-type ware
Ironstone china
Creamware
Mocha ware
Creamware
London-type stoneware
Ironstone china
Medieval coarseware?
Ironstone china
Creamware
Black stoneware and basalts
Colchester-type ware
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BASE
JUG?
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
2
1
2
1
4
1
3
1
4
1
1
6
1
2
1
1
2
2
4
TP15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
02
02
02
02
03
03
03
Ironstone china
Porcelain
Ironstone china
Banded creamware
BODY
CUP?
BODY
BODY
BODY
BOWL
BODY
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TP16
16
16
16
01
01
01
Medieval coarseware
BODY
BODY
PIP
1
1
1
Prob from storage vessels
Large footring, blue & white TPW - Indian Temples EKB on reverse
Blue and white
TPW B&W
TPW base
Misc sherds, Blue and white
Plain
Plain white
Poss creamjug, floral dec on rim
With orange floral dec
Includes 1 very worn rim fragment
possible rod handle from jug??
Plain
Pipkin foot, very abraded
17th-20th C
1770-1880
1770-1880
1800-1900
1770-1880
1800-1900
1740-1880
1740-1880
1800-1900
18th C
L18th-19th C
1740-1880
19th C
17th-20th C
18th-20th
13th-M16th C
16th-18th C
1800-1900+
1740-1880
1780-1900
1740-1880
17th-19th C
1800-1900
19th C+
13th-14th C
16th-18th C
1800-1900+
1740-1880
L18th-20th C
16th-18th C
17th-20th C
16th-18th C
18th-20th
16th-18th C
1800-1900+
1800-1900+
18th-20th C
1800-1900+
1780-1900
L18th-20th C
16th-18th C
L12th-14th C
16th-18th C
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
02
02
02
02
03
03
03
06
Yellow ware
Creamware
Flint-tempered ware
Ironstone china
Medieval coarseware
Medieval coarseware
Medieval coarseware
DISH
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
TP19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
English stoneware
Red stoneware
Ironstone china
Ironstone china
Yellow ware
Creamware
Ironstone china
Creamware
Porcelain
Creamware
Banded creamware
BODY
BODY
FLOP
BODY
TPOT?
DISH
BODY
BODY
BOWL?
BODY
BODY
BODY
FLOP
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
FLOP
MUG?
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
1
1
3
1
1
1
6
2
2
2
4
1
3
1
1
5
8
1
2
4
2
1
1
4
9
67
JAR
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
FLOP
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
1
2
3
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
Primary School TP 1
91
01
English stoneware
91
01
Creamware
91
01
Ironstone china
91
01
Colchester slipware
91
01
Porcelain
91
01
91
02
91
02
Local early post-med ware
91
02
Pearlware
91
02
Porcelain
91
02
Abraded body sherd of prehistoric flint-tempered pottery
Base sherd
Sooted. Quartz,grey core & reddish brown margins - ?Mile End/Gt Horksley Essex?
Storage vessel
Red stoneware, cream band and green slip
Blue and white
Plain white abraded
1 with slight floral dec
Blue and white
Brown ext
Blue and white, 1 green
Small chips of plain industrially produced china
Includes bowl or jar rim
b&w, and one plain
1 with slight floral dec
L17th-18th C
L18th-19th C
1740-1880
Prehistoric
1800-1900+
L12th-14th C
L12th-14th C
L12th-14th C
17th-20th C
16th-18th C
18th-20th C
16th-18th C
1730-1780
1800-1900
1800-1901
L18th-19th C
19th C+
1740-1880
1800-1900
19th C+
18th-20th C
16th-18th C
L17th-18th C
L17th-18th C
19th C
1740-1880
16th-18th C
18th-20th C
17th-19th C
1740-1880
1780-1900
1780-1900
19th C+
17th-20th C
1740-1880
1800-1900+
Blue and white dec
Plain white
Plain
17th-20th C
18th-20th C
18th-20th C
16th C
1770-1880
18th-20th C
19th C+
Primary School TP 2
92
01
Creamware
92
01
Yellow ware
92
01
English stoneware
92
01
Staffordshire salt glazed stoneware
92
01
92
01
92
01
92
02
92
02
English stoneware
92
02
92
02
92
02
Creamware
92
02
Ironstone china
92
02
Ironstone china
BOWL
BOWL
BODY
BASE
BODY
DISH?
BODY
BOWL
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Other
93 (116)
93 (116)
93
93
93
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
BODY
1
1
1
1
1
01 (02)
01 (02)
02
02
02
Medieval coarseware
Medieval coarseware
Dutch-type redware
Medieval coarseware
Ironstone china
Roman and medieval pottery in red text
Annular, pale blue external line
Rouletted band
Blue and white
Blue and white - also 1 clay pipe with spur & 1 stem
Sand with fine silver mica. Buff ext margin & darker grey core
Med coarse sandy w grey core & red margins with sparse red ?clay pellets
Abraded
Blue and white TPW
1740-1880
L18th-19th C
17th-19th C
1720-1780
19th C+
19th C+
1770-1900
1700-1800
17th-20th C
1800-1900+
16th-18th C
1740-1880
1800-1900+
1800-1900+
L12th-14th C
L12th-14th C
15th-17th C
L12th-14th C
1800-1900
Appendix 7. Bulk finds catalogue
Pottery
Context
Number
0101
0201
0202
0203
0204
0205
0206
0207
0502
0503
0504
0505
0506
0507
0701
0702
0703
0704
0801
0802
0803
0804
0805
0806
0807
0901
0902
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1101
1102
Pottery
Count
CBM
9
4
10
14
18
39
39
43
3
16
7
3
1
1
7
10
2
Pottery
Weight
16
9
20
37
77
254
292
189
7
81
90
43
5
2
38
26
5
45
37
32
28
17
27
28
152
106
154
455
441
1073
765
2
10
3
51
11
4
9
13
8
39
7
222
69
23
79
57
CBM
Count
27
17
CBM
Weight
149
109
97
129
130
59
8
540
1871
1476
196
342
5
11
6
2
1
1
10
13
5
20
4
4
1
3
3
5
1
6
38
10
8
2
1
30
43
74
173
58
27
18
59
404
765
678
527
501
124
214
154
1089
678
32
47
873
400
223
181
2
884
1123
Plaster/Mortar
Plaster/
Plaster/
Mortar
Mortar Count
Weight
Fired Clay
Clay Pipe
Fired Clay Fired Clay Clay Pipe
Count
Weight
Count
1
5
8
62
127
1
3
1
1
2
4
5
62
1
30
1
1
1
3
1
8
17
7
23
51
7
260
4
84
8
5
69
88
Iron Nails
Clay Pipe
Weight
Iron Nails Iron Nails
Count
Weight
3
25
1
4
10
5
17
2
17
162
1
22
101
4
1
5
12
10
391
1
4
1
7
1
2
3
20
3
1
17
2
1
1
2
2
4
4
3
6
2
9
10
54
1
2
3
2
32
12
34
30
4
1
4
3
5
2
19
23
24
14
16
83
2
7
24
103
Pottery
Context
Number
1103
1105
1107
1401
1402
1403
1404
1502
1503
1601
1602
1603
1604
1606
1901
1902
1903
1904
2001
9101
9102
9201
9202
9301
CBM
Pottery
Count
47
7
48
10
11
10
9
4
3
3
4
3
Pottery
Weight
398
154
1219
27
27
17
26
5
14
42
15
21
1
23
20
23
2
6
72
47
50
16
9
10
16
10
3
35
38
35
35
5
CBM
Count
25
3
7
21
55
28
46
17
21
11
12
29
1
15
3
32
10
18
19
10
44
40
CBM
Weight
1141
160
5795
177
153
322
414
158
562
1075
134
117
227
42
303
48
295
78
22
245
188
757
708
Plaster/Mortar
Plaster/
Plaster/
Mortar
Mortar Count
Weight
Fired Clay
Clay Pipe
Fired Clay Fired Clay Clay Pipe
Count
Weight
Count
Iron Nails
Clay Pipe
Weight
1
2
1
2
3
2
2
6
2
5
Iron Nails Iron Nails
Count
Weight
2
94
1
1
1
1
1
28
6
20
20
1
11
1
5
8
4
6
86
20
41
1
2
3
5
12
41
Slag
Context
Number Slag Count
0101
0201
0202
0203
0204
0205
2
0206
0207
14
0502
0503
0504
0505
0506
0507
0701
0702
0703
0704
0801
0802
0803
0804
1
0805
2
0806
0807
0901
0902
1002
1
1003
2
1004
1005
1006
1101
1102
1103
1105
Slag
Weight
8
41
PMed Bottle Glass
PMed Window Glass
Worked Flint
Burnt Flint
PMed
PMed
PMed
PMed
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Worked
Bottle
Bottle
Window
Window
Worked
Flint
Burnt Flint Burnt Flint
Count
Weight
Count
Weight Flint Count Weight
Count
Weight
1
2
9
20
1
14
4
9
7
6
2
8
13
16
2
6
2
5
12
45
10
17
2
3
8
23
21
50
1
2
1
2
22
262
37
66
3
4
12
49
27
55
1
2
1
10
3
132
1
Animal
Bone
Count
Animal
Bone
Weight
3
2
4
4
5
4
3
6
15
17
10
29
1
23
8
1
72
3
5
6
4
1
8
2
1
2
1
5
3
53
56
42
2
72
6
54
36
1
4
2
1
58
89
1
1
37
1008
Animal Bone
1
3
1
160
16
56
4
9
3
2
16
90
7
18
1
2
1
10
5
16
3
2
3
9
18
11
2
1
9
22
1
1
9
18
15
11
2
32
12
2
1
6
18
2
2
3
5
5
3
1
23
1
2
11
1
15
1
55
6
1
3
12
5
Slag
Context
Number Slag Count
1107
1401
1402
1403
1404
1502
1503
1601
1602
2
1603
1604
1606
1901
1902
1903
1904
2001
9101
9102
9201
9202
9301
Slag
Weight
PMed Bottle Glass
PMed Window Glass
Worked Flint
Burnt Flint
PMed
PMed
PMed
PMed
Glass
Glass
Glass
Glass
Worked
Bottle
Bottle
Window
Window
Worked
Flint
Burnt Flint Burnt Flint
Count
Weight
Count
Weight Flint Count Weight
Count
Weight
2
23
6
12
4
18
1
1
2
22
1
34
1
2
2
24
2
2
6
78
2
4
78
Animal Bone
Animal
Bone
Count
1
Animal
Bone
Weight
19
1
1
2
2
1
3
19
9
1
1
38
2
2
2
2
5
1
4
3
40
5
1
3
29
1
2
2
5
1
23
31
1
1
1
3
1
3
19
4
17
Context
Number
0101
0201
0202
0203
Shell
Count
Shell
Shell
Weight
1
Pmed CBM
Context
Number
1101
1102
Pmed+ CBM
1103
1105
Notes
1
0204
0205
0206
0207
0502
Pmed CBM
Pmed CBM
Pmed CBM
1107
1404
1502
1503
1601
0503
0504
Pmed CBM
Pmed CBM
1 x Lmed and
Pmed CBM
Pmed CBM
Pmed/Modern
CBM
Pmed CBM
Med and Pmed
CBM
Med and Pmed
CBM
1602
1603
0505
0506
0507
0701
1
0702
0703
1604
1606
2001
0801
2
1
9101
0802
3
9102
0803
4
Pmed and
18th/19th C
2 CBM
1x ?med and
6 Pmed CBM
3
0806
0807
6
4
0901
0902
1002
1
1003
4
1004
1
Pmed and mod
2 CBM
Pmed and
5 modern CBM
Pmed and mod
3 CBM
1
Notes
Med and Pmed CBM
Med and Pmed CBM
Pmed and mod CBM.
Combination of finds
from 1103 and 1104.
1 Pmed CBM
Pmed CBM - whole
brick pre-1850
Pmed CBM
Pmed CBM
Med and Pmed CBM
Pmed CBM
?Lmed and Pmed CBM
1 x ?Rom and Pmed
1
1904
12
0805
Shell
Weight
1903
4
Pmed/Mod CBM
Med and Pmed
4 CBM
Pmed and mod
22 CBM
12
?Pmed CBM too dirty to ID
Shell
1901
1902
0704
0804
Shell
Count
2
Med and Pmed CBM
3 Pmed CBM
All ?Pmed CBM - too
dirty to ID
?Pmed CBM
Pmed+ CBM - too dirty to
ID
?Rom x 1 and Pmed
CBM
?Pmed CBM - too dirty to
ID
2 Pmed and modern CBM
9201
1 x med and Pmed CBM
?Med and Pmed CBM too dirty to ID
9202
3 x med and Pmed CBM
9301
Appendix 8.
Test Pit
TP1
TP2
TP5
TP7
TP8
TP9
TP10
TP11
TP14
TP15
TP16
TP19
PSTP1
PSTP2
Post-medieval pottery and CBM levels
Pot sherds
7
160
30
19
180
1
78
124
39
7
6
67
17
20
Average pot sherds
per spit
CBM pieces
3.5
22.85714286
4.285714286
4.75
30
0.25
11.14285714
24.8
7.8
1.4
1
13.4
8.5
10
Average CBM
pieces per spit
25
440
24
25
30
7
59
90
140
15
55
77
28
80
Spits
12.5
62.85714286
3.428571429
6.25
5
1.75
8.428571429
18
28
3
9.166666667
15.4
14
40
2
7
7
4
6
4
7
5
5
5
6
5
2
2
70
50
Average pot
sherds per
spit
40
30
Average
CBM pieces
per spit
20
10
19
PS
TP
1
PS
TP
2
TP
16
TP
15
TP
14
TP
11
TP
10
TP
TP
9
TP
8
TP
7
TP
5
TP
2
0
TP
1
Number of pieces
60
Archaeological services
Field Projects Team
Delivering a full range of archaeological services

Desk-based assessments and advice

Site investigation

Outreach and educational resources

Historic Building Recording

Environmental processing

Finds analysis and photography

Graphics design and illustration
Contact:
Rhodri Gardner
Tel: 01473 265879
[email protected]
www.suffolk.gov.uk/Environment/Archaeology/

read the report - Suffolk Archaeology

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