udv.de / CAR 16 / An investigation into the availability of ESP in cars

German Insurance Association
No. 16
German Insurance Association
Wilhelmstraße 43 / 43 G, 10117 Berlin
PO Box 08 02 64, 10002 Berlin
Phone: + 49 30 / 20 20 - 50 00, Fax: + 49 30 / 20 20 - 60 00
Internet: www.gdv.de, www.udv.de
Compact accident research
An investigation into
the availability of ESP in cars in 2009
Imprint
German Insurance Association
German Insurers Accident Research
Wilhelmstraße 43 / 43 G, 10117 Berlin
PO Box 08 02 64, 10002 Berlin
[email protected]
www.udv.de
Editors: Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Hummel, Dr. Matthias Kühn
Layout: Franziska Gerson Pereira
Photo references: Insurers Accident Research and source references
Published: 04 / 2010
2
Preliminary remarks
Preliminary remarks
At the beginning of 2009, for the fourth time, the UDV (German Insurers Accident Research) investigated which new cars in Germany are equipped with ESP (an electronic stability program)
as standard, which vehicles only have ESP available as an option and which do not have it at all.
This publication updates the previous investigations [1, 2 and 3] for the year 2009. The results are
intended, above all, to help consumers decide which new car to buy, but they are also meant to
encourage car manufacturers to equip all of their vehicles with ESP. The UDV has been making this
demand for some time.
Content
3
Content
Preliminary remarks
2
How ESP works
4
Different names used vor ESP
4
Potential benefits of ESP
5
Percentage of newly registered cars in Europe equipped
with ESP
5
ESP-availability for new cars in Germany in 2009
5
Results for 2009 and comparison with the results for 2006
7
Demands and recommendations of the UDV
10
References
11
Annex 1
12
Annex 2
15
4
How ESP works
How ESP works
By applying the brakes to wheels individually,
as appropriate, and intervening in engine and
transmission management, an ESP system prevents a vehicle from skidding. To enable the ESP
system to respond to critical driving situations,
a microcomputer continuously compares the
driver’s input with the car’s driving status. The
steering angle sensor indicates the direction in
which the driver intends to go, and the engine
management system, wheel-speed sensors
and yaw-rate sensor supply signals that indicate the vehicle’s behavior. If a discrepancy is
discovered between the calculated driving status and the driver’s input, the ESP system intervenes within fractions of a second.
Different names used for ESP
Car manufacturers use a variety of different
names and abbreviations for systems that control vehicle stability electronically (Figure 1). All
these systems basically work in the same way,
although they may differ in design or in the
additional functions they offer (such as correction of the steering angle or trailer stabilization
for vehicles with a trailer).
ƒ ESP - Electronic Stability Program
Audi, Chrysler, Fiat, Kia, Mercedes, Opel, Peugeot, Skoda, VW and others
ƒ DSC - Dynamic Stability Control
BMW, Jaguar, Land Rover, Mazda
ƒ DSTC - Dynamic Stability & Traction Control
Volvo
ƒ MASC - Mitsubishi Active Stability Control
Mitsubishi
ƒ PSM - Porsche Stability Management
Porsche
ƒ Stabili Trak - Vehicle Stability Enhancement System
Cadillac
ƒ VDC - Vehicle Dynamic Control
Alfa Romeo, Subaru
ƒ VSA - Vehicle Stability Assist
Honda
ƒ VSC - Vehicle Stability Control
Daihatsu, Lexus, Toyota
Figure 1:
Different names used for ESP
Potential benefits of ESP
Potential benefits of ESP
The effectiveness of ESP has been confirmed by
numerous national and international studies.
The UDV’s investigations [4] reveal that ESP
could have a positive impact on 25 percent of
car accidents involving personal injuries and at
least 35 percent of car accidents involving fatalities.
If these findings are applied to the accidents
involving one or more cars recorded in the official statistics for the year 2007, taking into account that in 2007 36 percent of all cars were
equipped with ESP, around 21,000 such accidents involving personal injury and around 400
involving fatalities could have been prevented
or their effects mitigated by ESP.
Percentage of newly registered
cars in Europe equipped with ESP
In Germany, 81 percent of all newly registered
cars are currently equipped with ESP. Toge-
ther with Sweden (98 percent), Germany is
far ahead of other European countries in this
respect (Figure 2) and far above the European
average, which is 55 percent [5].
However, although Germany is a leading adopter of ESP in Europe, the situation cannot be
considered to be satisfactory because, as things
stand, only around 42 percent of all cars registered in Germany are equipped with ESP [5].
ESP-availability for new cars in
Germany in 2009
In January and February 2009, the UDV
collected information on ESP-availability for
new cars in Germany. The research was carried
out primarily on the internet. A total of 296 model ranges of 38 marques available on the German market were included (see Figure 3).
Within each model range (e. g. Renault Twingo), the availability of ESP was ascertained for
each model variant, taking into account the
Percentage of newly registered cars with ESP in 2008
98%
81%
65%
56%
55%
51%
42%
S
Figure 2:
D
E
5
GB
Percentage of newly registered cars with ESP in 2008
(Source: Bosch)
I
F
EU
6
ESP-availability for new cars in Germany in 2009
List of the 38 car manufacturers in the investigation
Alfa Romeo
Audi
BMW
Cadillac
Chevrolet
Chrysler
Citroen
Dacia
Daihatsu
Dodge
Fiat
Ford
Honda
Hyundai
Jaguar
Jeep
Kia
Lancia
Land Rover
Lexus
Mazda
Mercedes
Mitsubishi
Nissan
Opel
Peugeot
Porsche
Renault
SAAB
SEAT
Skoda
Smart
Ssang Yong
Subaru
Suzuki
Toyota
Volkswagen
Volvo
Figure 3: Car manufacturers
ESP - availability
Available with all cars as standard
Available with all cars as an option
Not available with any cars
Available with some cars as an option
Available with some cars as standard
Available with all cars as an option or as standard
Available with some cars as an option or as standard
Figure 4:
ESP-availability
engine (e. g. 1.3/ 43 kW) and trim level (e. g.
“Expression”). The availability of ESP in a model
range was indicated by means of three colors
(green, yellow and red) as follows:
ƒ Green: ESP available as standard
ƒ Yellow:ESP available as an option
ƒ Red:
ESP not available
Results for 2009 and comparison with the results for 2006
7
Examples illustrating the use of color bars
A Honda Civic
B Fiat Sedici
All model variants are equipped
ESP as standard:
3
[30%]
with ESP as standard
ESP as an option:
4
[40%]
ESP not available:
3
[30%]
[100%]
Number of model variants: 10 [100%]
Figure 5: Examples illustrating the use of color bars
If all the variants in a model range are equipped with ESP as standard, the whole color bar
for this model range is green. If they all have
ESP available as an option, the whole bar is
yellow, and if none of the variants is equipped with ESP, the whole bar is red. There are
also model ranges in which some variants
are equipped with ESP as standard, others
have ESP available as an option, while ESP is
not available at all for some variants. In such
cases, the color bar has two or three colors,
as shown in Figure 4. Two typical examples
are shown in Figure 5.
ESP-availability was recorded in two lists for all
296 model ranges: by manufacturer (see Annex 1) and by vehicle category and manufacturer
(see Annex 2). The vehicle categories defined by
the Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (German Federal Motor Transport Authority) [6] were used. These
ten vehicle categories and ESP-availability within
these categories are shown in Figure 6.
Before the results were published, they were
made available to the car manufacturers, who
were asked to check them. Any comments they
made were taken into account in the description of the results.
Results for 2009 and comparison
with the results for 2006
The percentage of model ranges equipped
with ESP as standard has steadily increased
in recent years (Figure 7), reaching 72 percent
for 2009 models (2006: 58 percent; 2007: 64
percent; 2008: 67 percent). However, the percentage of model ranges with no ESP availability at all has remained static at 9 percent (the
same as 2008). In the view of the UDV, this lack
of progress is very regrettable. It means there
are still 26 model ranges in Germany that are
not equipped with a life-saving ESP driver assistance system (Figure 8). In addition, there are
15 model ranges in which not a single model
variant is equipped with the required anti-skid
system as standard. In the very small car segment, there are still only two out of 17 model
ranges that have ESP as standard (the Smart
and the Toyota IQ). Moreover, 10 model ranges
in this vehicle category do not offer a single
model with ESP as standard. The UDV accident
researchers believe that a strategy of making
consumers pay extra for ESP is wrong. Buyers
of small cars are rarely prepared to pay 300 euros or more for this safety feature. For instance,
only about two of every 100 Peugeot 206 bu-
8
Results for 2009 and comparison with the results for 2006
ESP available
ESP optional
ESP not available
as standard
Vehicle category
Very small cars
Small cars
Compact cars
Midrange cars
Upper midrange cars
Luxury cars
MPVs
Utility vehicles
Off-road vehicles
Sports cars
Figure 6:
ESP available
Total
with some cars
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
2
8
30
33
15
12
36
5
51
20
12
27
75
92
100
100
92
24
80
90
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
4
4
0
0
0
1
8
6
1
12
13
10
0
0
0
3
38
9
5
9
16
6
3
0
0
2
8
7
1
53
53
15
8
0
0
5
38
11
5
17
30
40
36
15
12
39
21
64
22
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
ESP-availability in the vehicle categories of the KBA (German Federal Motor Transport Authority) in 2009
ESP- availability - 2006 / 2009 comparison
ESP not available in all
variations of a particular
model series
2%
ESP optionally available in
all variations of a particular
model series
20%
58%
20%
ESP fitted serially in all
variations of a particular
model series
ESP only available
in certain variations
of a particular
model series
2006
2%
9%
17%
72%
2009
Figure 7:
ESP-availability - 2006 / 2009 comparison
9
yers ordered ESP as an option in 2008 [7], and
for the VW Fox it was 11 out of every 100 [8].
The decision for or against ESP should therefore not be left to the consumer, and all cars
should be equipped with ESP as standard, thus
relieving car buyers of this decision. Instead,
ESP is not expected to be made mandatory
in Europe for new model ranges until November 2011 and for all new cars until November
2014. Consumers who want to play safe when
buying a car can get information on ESP-availability for different car models from the UDV
website (www.udv.de). You can search the database (last updated on March 13, 2009) not
just for the manufacturers and model ranges
of all new cars for the years 2006 to 2009 but
also for individual models. There is also a list
showing ESP-availability for older models (under the “ESP-Gebrauchtwagenliste” link). This
is important, above all, for buyers of used cars.
Model ranges without ESP (as at March 13, 2009)
Marque
Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Chrysler
Citroen
Dacia
Dacia
Daihatsu
Daihatsu
Dodge
Fiat
Ford
Ford
Land Rover
Mazda
Nissan
Nissan
Nissan
Opel
Peugeot
Renault
Renault
Subaru
Suzuki
Toyota
Figure 8:
Model ranges without ESP
Model range
Matiz
Aveo
Lacetti
Nubira
PT Cruiser
Berlingo First
Logan
Sandero
Cuore
Copen
Viper
Doblò
Ranger
Turneo
Defender
BT 50
NP 300 Pick Up
Patrol
Navara
Combo
Partner Origin
Clio Campus
Kangoo Campus
Justy
Jimny
Hiace
Vehicle category
(Very small car)
(Small car)
(Compact car)
(Compact car)
(MPV)
(Utility vehicle)
(Compact car)
(Compact car)
(Very small car)
(Small car)
(Sports car)
(Utility vehicle)
(Off-road vehicle)
(Utility vehicle)
(Off-road vehicle)
(Off-road vehicle)
(Off-road vehicle)
(Off-road vehicle)
(Utility vehicle)
(Utility vehicle)
(Utility vehicle)
(Small car)
(Utility vehicle)
(Small car)
(Off-road vehicle)
(Utility vehicle)
10
Demands and recommendations of the UDV
Demands and recommendations
of the UDV
The studies carried out both nationally and
internationally on the effects of ESP have unanimously found that ESP can offer great benefits. All cars – regardless of price segment
and vehicle category – should therefore be
equipped with ESP as standard. That means
not just in Germany but also in Europe and
ultimately the rest of the world. ESP should
never be offered only in conjunction with expensive trim levels. Buyers of used cars should
also make ESP an important consideration.
Dealers should point out how necessary it is
for both new and used cars to be equipped
with ESP.
The information provided on the availability
of ESP, the new option of searching for cars
with ESP on the Internet and the UDV campaign “www.schutzengel-esp.de” help consumers with their decision-making when buying
a new car. If you choose a car from a model
range that does not have an entirely green color bar (indicating ESP is available as standard
with all cars), you should exercise caution and
make sure the car you want really is one of
those that has ESP.
Link:
www.udv.de / fahrzeugsicherheit / pkw / fas / esp-2009
References
11
References
[1]
Hummel, Th., Kühn, M. (2006). Untersuchung zur Verfügbarkeit von
ESP in Pkw 2006 (An Investigation into the Availability of ESP in Cars
in 2006). GDV, German Insurers Accident Research (UDV). Berlin.
[2]
Hummel, Th., Kühn, M. (2008). Untersuchung zur Verfügbarkeit von
ESP in Pkw 2007 (An Investigation into the Availability of ESP in Cars
in 2007). GDV, German Insurers Accident Research (UDV). Berlin.
[3]
Hummel, Th., Kühn, M. (2008). An Investigation into the Availability of ESP in Cars in 2008. GDV, German Insurers Accident Research
(UDV). Berlin.
[4]
Langwieder, K., Gwehenberger, J., Hummel, T., Bende, J. (2003). Benefit Potential of ESP in Real Accident Situations Involving Cars and
Trucks. ESV Paper No. 150. 18th ESV Conference, Nagoya (Japan).
[5]
Bosch (2009). Internal BOSCH communication documents.
[6]
Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (Federal Motor Transport Authority) (2009).
Neuzulassungen von Personenkraftwagen im Dezember 2008 nach
Segmenten und Modellreihen (Newly Registered Cars in December
2008 by Segment and Model Range).
[7]
Peugeot (2009). Internal Peugeot communication document.
[8]
Volkswagen (2009). Internal VW communication document.
12
Annex 1
ESP-availability according to manufacturer
Alfa Romeo
Daihatsu
Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)
Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)
Cuore
Mito
147
Sirion
159
Copen
GT
Materia
Terios
Brera
Dodge
Spider
8C
Audi
(ESP)
Nitro
A5
Viper
Fiat
A6
A8
500
Q5
Panda
Q7
Bravo
TT
Grande Punto
R8
Ulysse
3er
Sedici
5er
Doblò
6er
Qubo
7er
Scudo
Ford
X3
X5
Ka
X6
Fiesta
Z4
Fusion
(ESP)
Focus
Mini
Mondeo
Stability Control System (StabiliTrak)
C-Max
BLS
CTS
S-Max
STS
Galaxy
Kuga
SRX
Escalade
Ranger
XLR
Tourneo
Electronic Stability Programme
Transit
(ESP)
Honda
Matiz
Vehicel Stability Assist (VSA)
Jazz
Aveo
Lacetti
Civic
Nubira
Accord
Epica
Legend
FR-V
Captiva
CR-V
HHR
Electronic Stability Programme
S2000
(ESP)
Hyundai
Sebring
Electronic Stability Programme
300C
i10
PT Cruiser
i20
(ESP)
i30
Grand Voyager
Citroen
Electronic Stability Programme
Croma
1er
Chrysler
(ESP)
Linea
Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)
Chevrolet
Electronic Stability Programme
Journey
A4
Cadillac
(ESP)
Avenger
A3
BMW
Electronic Stability Programme
Caliber
Electronic Stability Programme
Electronic Stability Programme
Sonata
(ESP)
Coupé
C1
Grandeur
C2
Matrix
C3/ Pluriel
Tucson
C4
Santa Fe
C5
H-1 Travel
C6
C3 Picasso
Jaguar
Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)
X-Type
Xsara Picasso
XJ
C4 Picasso/ Gr. Picasso
C8
XF
C-Crosser
XK
Berlingo
Berlingo First
Jumpy
Jeep
Electronic Stability Programme
(ESP)
Wrangler
Cherokee
Grand Cherokee
Dacia
Logan
Sandero
Commander
Compass
Patriot
ESP serially
Source: GDV / Effective: 13.03.2009
ESP only optionally available
ESP not available
13
ESP-availability according to manufacturer
Kia
Electronic Stability Programme
(ESP)
Nissan
Picanto
Micra/ C+C
Rio
Tiida
Cee'd / Pro Cee'd
Note
Magentis
Qashqai
Opirus
Murano
Carens
NP300 Pick Up
Carnival
Pathfinder
Soul
Patrol
Sportage
X-Trail
Electronic Stability Programme
Opel
Delta
Agila
Musa
Corsa
Range Rover
Insignia
Discovery
Meriva
Zafira
Freelander
GT
Defender
Combo
Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)
Antara
IS
Peugeot
GS
107
LS
RX
206
SC
207 / 207SW / CC
307CC
Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)
2
308 / 308SW
3
407 / 407SW / Coupé
6
607
RX-8
1007
5 Van
807
MX-5
4007
BT-50
Partner Origin
CX-7
Partner Tepee
Electronic Stability Programme
Expert Tepee
(ESP)
Porsche
A-Klasse
Porsche Stability Management (PSM)
B-Klasse
Boxster
C-Klasse
911
CL-Klasse
Cayenne
Cayman
CLC-Klasse
Renault
CLK-Klasse
CLS-Klasse
Twingo
E-Klasse
Clio /Grandtour
G-Klasse
Clio Campus
GL-Klasse
Mégane neu
Electronic Stability Programme
(ESP)
Electronic Stability Programme
(ESP)
Electronic Stability Programme
(ESP)
Mégane
GLK-Klasse
M-Klasse
Laguna
R-Klasse
Vel Satis
S-Klasse
Kangoo
SL-Klasse
Kangoo Campus
SLK-Klasse
Modus /Gr. Modus
Scénic /Gr. Scénic
SLR
Mitsubishi
(ESP)
Astra/ Astra TwinTop
Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)
Mercedes
Electronic Stability Programme
Tigra TwinTop
Phedra
Mazda
(ESP)
Navara
Thesis
Lexus
Electronic Stability Programme
GT-R
(ESP)
Ypsilon
Land Rover
(ESP)
350Z / 370Z
Sorento
Lancia
Electronic Stability Programme
Espace /Gr.Espace
Mitsubishi Active Stability Control (MASC)
Koleos
Colt
Lancer
SAAB
9-3
Grandis
9-5
Outlander
Pajero
L200 Doppelkab.
Seat
Neuer Ibiza
Ibiza
Exeo
Leon
Altea
Toledo
Alhambra
ESP serially
Source: GDV / Effective: 13.03.2009
ESP only optionally available
ESP not available
14
Annex 1
ESP-availability according to manufacturer
Skoda
Electronic Stability Programme
(ESP)
Volkswagen
Electronic Stability Programme
Fabia
Fox
Octavia Mod.2009
Polo
Octavia Mod.2008
Golf
Superb
Golf Plus
Jetta
Roomster
Eos
Praktik
Smart
Electronic Stability Programme
New Beetle
(ESP)
Scirocco
Fortwo
SsangYong
Electronic Stability Programme
Passat
(ESP)
Phaeton
Actyon
Kyron
Touran
Rexton
Sharan
Tiguan
Rodius
Subaru
Touareg
Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)
Justy
Caddy / Caddy Maxi
Impreza
Multivan/Caravelle/Transp.
Volvo
Legacy
Dynamic Stability & Traction Control (DSTC)
Outback
C30
Forester
S40
V50
Tribeca
Suzuki
Electronic Stability Programme
(ESP)
S60
C70
Alto
V70
Splash
Swift
S80
SX4
XC60
Jimny
XC70
XC90
Grand Vitara
Toyota
(ESP)
Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)
IQ
Aygo
Yaris
Auris
Corolla Verso
Prius
Avensis
RAV4
Land Cruiser
Land Cruiser V8
Hilux
Hiace
ESP serially
Source: GDV / Effective: 13.03.2009
ESP only optionally available
ESP not available
Annex 2
ESP-availability according to vehicle category
Very small cars
Chevrolet
Citroen
Daihatsu
Fiat
Matiz
Hyundai
Lancia
Agila
Peugeot
107
Cuore
Renault
Twingo
Smart
Fortwo
500
Panda
Ford
Opel
C1
Suzuki
i10
Alto
Splash
Ka
Toyota
IQ
Aygo
Ypsilon
Volkswagen
Fox
Small cars
Alfa Romeo
BMW
Chevrolet
Citroen
Mito
Nissan
Mini
Opel
C2
Sirion
Materia
Renault
Hyundai
Kia
Mazda
Clio /Grandtour
Clio Campus
Seat
Neuer Ibiza
Ibiza
Fiesta
Skoda
Fabia
Jazz
Subaru
Justy
i20
Suzuki
Swift
Toyota
Yaris
Volkswagen
Polo
Fusion
Honda
206
207 / 207SW / CC
Copen
Ford
Corsa
Peugeot
C3/ Pluriel
Daihatsu
Micra/ C+C
Tigra TwinTop
Aveo
SX4
Picanto
2
Mitsubishi
Colt
Alfa Romeo
147
Mitsubishi
GT
Nissan
A3
Opel
1er
Peugeot
Compact cars
Audi
BMW
Chevrolet
Dacia
Renault
Skoda
Fiat
Ford
Honda
Hyundai
Kia
Lancia
Mazda
Mercedes
Mégane neu
Octavia Mod.2009
Octavia Mod.2008
Sandero
Dodge
307CC
Mégane
C4
Logan
Tiida
308 / 308SW
Lacetti
Nubira
Citroen
Lancer
Astra/ Astra TwinTop
Caliber
Subaru
Bravo
Toyota
Impreza
Auris
Grande Punto
Corolla Verso
Focus
Prius
Civic
Volkswagen
Golf
Golf Plus
i30
Jetta
Rio
Cee'd / Pro Cee'd
Eos
Delta
New Beetle
Scirocco
3
A-Klasse
Volvo
C30
Midrange cars
Alfa Romeo
Audi
159
Lexus
Brera
Mazda
Cadillac
Chevrolet
Chrysler
Citroen
Dodge
Fiat
Ford
Mercedes
Opel
Insignia
Epica
Peugeot
407 / 407SW / Coupé
Sebring
Renault
Laguna
C5
Avenger
SAAB
9-3
Seat
Linea
Skoda
Croma
Subaru
Exeo
Superb
Legacy
Outback
Mondeo
Accord
Toyota
Hyundai
Sonata
Volkswagen
Coupé
Volvo
Kia
C-Klasse
CLC-class
3er
BLS
Honda
Jaguar
6
RX-8
A4
A5
BMW
IS
Avensis
Passat
S40
X-Type
V50
Magentis
S60
ESP serially
Source: GDV / Effective: 13.03.2009
ESP only optionally available
ESP not available
15
16
Annex 2
ESP-availability according to vehicle category
Upper midrange cars
Audi
A6
Mercedes
BMW
5er
Peugeot
607
300C
Renault
Vel Satis
Chrysler
Citroen
Honda
Hyundai
Kia
E-class
C6
SAAB
9-5
Legend
Volvo
C70
Grandeur
V70
Opirus
S80
Lexus
GS
Audi
A8
Lancia
BMW
6er
Lexus
7er
Mercedes
Luxury cars
Cadillac
Thesis
LS
CLS-class
CTS
S-class
STS
Jaguar
XJ
CL-class
Volkswagen
Phaeton
MPVs
Chevrolet
HHR
Chrysler
PT Cruiser
Grand Voyager
Citroen
C3 Picasso
Mazda
5 Van
Mercedes
B-class
Mitsubishi
Grandis
Nissan
Note
Xsara Picasso
C4 Picasso/ Gr. Picasso
Qashqai
Opel
Meriva
C8
Dodge
Journey
Fiat
Ulysse
Ford
C-Max
Zafira
Peugeot
1007
Renault
Modus /Gr. Modus
807
Scénic /Gr. Scénic
S-Max
Espace /Gr.Espace
Galaxy
Honda
Hyundai
Kia
FR-V
Seat
Leon
Altea
Matrix
Toledo
Carens
Alhambra
Carnival
Soul
Lancia
Musa
Phedra
Skoda
Roomster
SsangYong
Rodius
Volkswagen
Touran
Sharan
Utility vehicles
Citroen
Berlingo
Peugeot
Berlingo First
Jumpy
Fiat
Doblò
Expert Tepee
Renault
Kangoo
Kangoo Campus
Qubo
Ford
Scudo
Skoda
Tourneo
Toyota
Praktik
Hilux
Hiace
Transit
Hyundai
H-1 Travel
Nissan
Navara
Opel
Combo
Partner Origin
Partner Tepee
Volkswagen Caddy / Caddy Maxi
Multivan/Caravelle/Transp.
Sports
S
t cars
Alfa Romeo
Spider
8C
Audi
BMW
Cadillac
Mazda
Mercedes
MX-5
CLK-class
TT
SL-class
R8
SLK-class
Z4
XLR
SLR
Nissan
350Z / 370Z
Dodge
Viper
Honda
S2000
Jaguar
XF
XK
Cayman
Lexus
SC
911
ESP serially
Source: GDV / Effective: 13.03.2009
GT-R
Opel
Porsche
GT
Boxster
ESP only optionally available
ESP not available
17
ESP-availability according to vehicle category
Off-road vehicles
Audi
BMW
Q5
Mercedes
GL-class
X3
GLK-class
M-class
X5
R-class
X6
Cadillac
Chevrolet
Citroen
Daihatsu
Dodge
G-class
Q7
SRX
Mitsubishi
Outlander
Escalade
Pajero
Captiva
L200 Doppelkab.
C-Crosser
Nissan
Murano
Terios
NP300 Pick Up
Nitro
Pathfinder
Fiat
Sedici
Patrol
Ford
Kuga
X-Trail
Ranger
Honda
Hyundai
Jeep
Opel
Peugeot
4007
Porsche
Cayenne
Santa Fe
Renault
Koleos
Wrangler
SsangYong
Actyon
Cherokee
Kyron
Grand Cherokee
Rexton
Commander
Subaru
Compass
Patriot
Kia
Forester
Tribeca
Suzuki
Jimny
Grand Vitara
Sportage
Sorento
Land Rover
Antara
CR-V
Tucson
Toyota
RAV4
Range Rover
Land Cruiser
Discovery
Land Cruiser V8
Freelander
Volkswagen
Tiguan
Touareg
Defender
Volvo
Lexus
RX
Mazda
BT-50
XC70
CX-7
XC90
ESP serially
Source: GDV / Effective: 13.03.2009
XC60
ESP only optionally available
ESP not available
German Insurance Association
No. 16
German Insurance Association
Wilhelmstraße 43 / 43 G, 10117 Berlin
PO Box 08 02 64, 10002 Berlin
Phone: + 49 30 / 20 20 - 50 00, Fax: + 49 30 / 20 20 - 60 00
www.gdv.de, www.udv.de
Compact accident research
An investigation into
the availability of ESP in cars in 2009