GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY

GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY
AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
Greek Mining
Enterprises
Association
10th Vassileos Georgiou & Rigillis Str., 106 74 Athens, Greece
T: (+30) 210 7215900-902 | F: T: (+30) 210 7215950
e-mail: [email protected]
Greek Mining
Enterprises
Association
MAY 2014
GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
Greek Mining Enterprises Association’s objectives
GMEA mission
The Greek Mining Enterprises Association (GMEA), based in Athens, is
the professional association of the Greek mining and industrial minerals
enterprises, with a continuous activity since 1924. It is the recognized
and authorized representative of the Greek mining industry, promoting
the mining sector’s issues and views, at all levels of public administration
and society at large.
GMEA aims to strengthen and promote Greece’s mining sector as an
important component of regional and national development and global
business activity, and to foster relations with the sectors’ employees, as
well as with local communities in which its members are present.
GMEA, for the implementation of its objectives, it elaborates and puts
forward positions and aspects on issues related to the extractive activities,
proposes or stimulates solutions concerning the extractive industry, by
communicating its perspectives to the European institutions, European
Associations, the State and the Public Administration, the local and the
wider community. Additionally, the Association expresses its views to
relevant NGOs and representatives of employees.
For this purpose, GMEA has established an information and cooperation
network among its members, promoting sector-related collaborative
efforts in Greece and in the EU.
Furthermore, the Association employs a team of permanent staff and
utilizes workgroups composed of members of the Board and specialized
representatives from its member – companies.
«What is past, is the prologue for the future»
William Shakespeare
1
GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
Greek Extractive Industry
and Sustainable Development
The Greek Extractive-Metallurgical Industry constitutes an important
sector of the economic activity of Greece, as it supplies essential raw
materials for primary industries and various downstream users both in
our county and abroad.
Greece is one of the EU Member States that has significant mineral
resources in terms of quality, quantity and variety of ores and minerals
with a great industrial interest and a wide range of applications. This is a
fact which, if coupled with the needs of the European and international
community for Mineral Raw Materials, offers comparative advantages
for our national economy.
The sector contributes, with the inclusion
of interrelated enterprises such as aluminaaluminum and ferronickel metallurgies,
quar r y ing, concrete, processing and
production of intermediate and final products,
3-5% to the GDP.
Greek Extractive/Metallurgical Industry is
highly extroverted as the exports of primary
Rehabilitation of lignite mine of the GMEA member
Public Power Corporation SA
and processed materials account for over
70% of its sales, while some companies of this
sector are highly ranked at the European and
international markets of bauxite, alumina, aluminum, nickel, caustic
magnesia, bentonite, perlite, pumice stone and marbles.
The harmonization of the extractive activity with the principles of
sustainable development led the enterprises members of the Greek
Mining Enterprises Association to the adoption, since 2006, of a Code
of Ten (10) Principles of Sustainable Development, which provides
for the constant improvement of their performance in all economic,
environmental and social fields and the establishment of the publication
of the final results based on yearly measurable indicators in the Annual
Report of the Association.
2
GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
Production data and Sustainable
Development Indicators (SDIs)
for the Greek mining/metallurgical industry
in the period 2007-2013
P.G.Tzeferis
Ministry of Environment Energy & Climate
Change, Mineral Resources Policy directorate
( Y P E K A), G r e e c e M i n e r a l & A g g r e g a t e
Resources Division, Athens, Greece
C.Kavalopoulos
Greek Mining Enterprises Association (GMEA),
Greece
K.Komnitsas
Department of Mineral Resources Engineering,
Technical University of Crete, Greece
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GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
Production data for various mineral commodities
produced in Greece in the period 2007-2013
Table 1 (quantities in thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2,093.43
2,174
1,935
1,993.83
2,300
1,815.33
1,844
Aluminium, primary
(Foundry Line)
167.94
162.34
134.74
139.82
167.49
165.05
169.48
Alumina, calcined
(Al2O3)
761.75
771.77
718.80
661.88
683.03
653.01
711.60
Alumina, hydrated
(Al2O3)
789
807.50
795.50
785.10
809.70
784.40
811.60
Mixed sulphide ore
214
272
231
236
230
233.00
230
Galena, PbS (conc,)
22.41
23.31
17.03
17.67
16.59
18.06
18
Zinc blend , ZnS (conc,)
39.73
46.53
34.26
40.59
39.13
41.82
42
Bauxite
Auriferous Pyrite (conc.)
(ong.* 1000)
15.20
Nickeliferrous ores
(laterites)
2,367
2,261.64
1,400
1,902.98
2,235.97
2,256.69
2,220.79
Ferronickel
94,3
87.66
42.42
69.60
93.91
96.44
88.91
Ni content
of ferronickel
18.67
16.64
8.27
13.96
18.53
18.63
16.89
Slag by-product (coarse)
NA
85.35
62.02
57.16
69.67
86.78
84.30
Slag by-product
(fine, -5mm)
NA
90.18
52.70
59.50
79.01
85.51
83.97
399.48
455.07
316.30
513.49
541.81
351.27
360
Dead-burned magnesia
41.96
46.70
51.80
63.90
38.34
22.70
24.77
Caustic-calcined
magnesia
71.03
70.55
55.55
67
59.84
60.63
61.12
Basic monolithic
refractories
31.04
35.62
31.63
36.03
45.20
44.82
42.30
Bentonite, crude
1,382.80
1,500
844.80
1,384.12
1,188.44
1,235.11
1,200
Attapulgite clay
7
28.58
81.38
39.01
17.75
19.87
20
Huntite, crude
16.37
19.60
10.65
16.35
23.80
24.20
15.20
Pozzolan, earth
1,520
1,059
830
550
350,000*
270
266
NA
NA
21.53
79.60
49.73
0
1.10
Magnesite, crude
Pozzolan, specific use
(not cement industry)
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GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Kaolin, crude
30
4.36
0
1.05
NA
0
0
Perlite, crude
1,100
1,000
862.94
790.10
800
790
700
Perlite, treated
650
600
450
480
420
400
430
Pumice
838
828
381
412.70
468.96
385.92
420
Silica (SiO2)
125
64.52
37.91
5.74
1.67
7
10
836.97
900
730
574.77
590
700
760
40
37.15
33.30
25
32
29
30
Amphibolite
57.37
57.50
25.90
23.45
23.26
10.40
19.36
Calcium Carbonate
(CaCO3),
(processed, all sources)
500
600
580
450
400
380
345
Feldspar
95
62
28.62
17.38
10.56
13
0
Quartz
15
16.20
10.91
30.79
11.24
0
0
12.50
12.20
8
9.98
10.20
10.76
10.04
Lignite
66,100
64,521
61,800
56,366.20
58,400
62,334.80
54,000
Crude oil, in barrels
575.41
477,679 628.28
894
675.50
661.51
609.39
Natural gas , in Nm3
21,221.05
14,058.06
11,123.71
6,124.84
5,927.40
6,401.72
5,415
212
220
189
164.77
174.50
191.97
189.50
Mineral Aggregates
(sand, gravel, crushed
stones etc,)*
90,000
85,000
65,000
50,000
38,000
29,000
30,000
Marble, rough blocks
plus slate stones
440*
430
360.52
400
470
500*
520*
Marble, rough shapeless
blocks
420*
451.51
254.49
358.96
390
244
300
NA
ΝΑ
8
7
5.90
4.25
4.25
Gypsum and anhydrite,
crude
Olivine
CO2 (liquid)
Salt, sea salt
Emery
* estimated
5
GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
The industry of marble products
Source: Greek Statistical Authority (EL. STAT)
250,00
million euros
200,00
150,00
Exports
Imports
100,00
50,00
0,00
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Imports and Exports of marble ans ather natural stones (2000 - 2012)
The industry of marble products and ornamental stone, despite the
severe impact of the economic crisis on domestic consumption, managed
to maintain the upward export trend that began in 2008 mainly thanks
to strong demand from the Chinese marble market.
For 2012, marble exports according to data of the Greek Statistical
Authority, increased marble exports by more than 10% in quantity and
30% in value compared with 2011 corresponding data. For 2013, marble
exports kept the upward trend, by increasing more than 5% in quantity .
The Greek Extractive Industry, as a whole has two dimensions: the
domestic and the international one. As far as the domestic dimension is
concerned, we should note that there is a recession, a fall in demand and
prices of raw materials in the construction, steel, cement and concrete
industries. In addition to that, there are severe financial problems in
extractive enterprises and lack of investment initiatives in sector, such
as construction aggregates materials and industrial minerals used in
domestic market.
At international level, there is an upturn in exports, despite the “back
and forth movement” of the global market. The Greek export-oriented
extractive companies are sufficiently placed in the international market.
6
2012
GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
Recent State Initiatives
The state (Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change,
YPEKA) adopted οn 29/2/2012 the National Policy for the Strategic
Planning and Exploitation of Mineral Resources.
The strategic goal here is to ensure the supply of MRM to the society
in a sustainable way and in compliance with other national sectorial
development policies.
The state (Ministry of Environment,Energy and Climate Change,
YPEKA) issued a new law (4014/2011) in September 2011, reforming the
environmental licensing procedures for projects and activities.
The strategic goal here is to facilitate investment activity by
simplif y ing, rationalizing and accelerating the procedures for
environmental licensing of projects and activities while simultaneously
ensuring a high level of environmental protection. A number of
procedures are introduced, ensuring a higher quality of environmental
terms, a reduction in administrative burdens, the elimination of dual
licensing, the improvement in quality of environmental assessment
studies and greater legal certainty, providing also new way of conducting
environmental inspections.
The state (Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change,
YPEK A) completed the new reformed Regulation on Mining and
Quarrying Activities (KMLE, MD2223/11).
The strategic goal here is to enhance Health and Safety in the
mining sector.
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GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
Data from twelve groups of Sustainable Development Indicators
(SDIs) provided by the Greek Mining Enterprises Association
(GMEA) in the period 2007-2013
Table 2: SDIs for the Greek Mining/Metallurgical Industry in the period 2007-2013
2007
2008
a. Average number of people directly employed
10,392
10,920
b. A
verage number of people indirectly employed
(including contractors)
4,193
5,203
c. Total number of hours worked (including a and b) [hours]
26,569,000
32,106,000
d. Number of hours worked per ton of marketable product
[hours/t product]
0.27
0.31
118,743
106,967
8.32
6.69
a. Number of working hours lost due to accidents
34,504
29,495
b. Total number of hours in H & S training
43,810
47,004
3.07
2.93
d. Number of fatalities
3
5
e. Number of fatalities per 10.000 employees
2
3
5.8
4.05
165.7
114.8
40
74
2,109.97
2,031.74
96.8
104.5
7.8
8.9
0.08
0.087
a. Number of public events - “open days”
82
58
b. Number of visits (schools, universities)
236
231
c. Number of trained students
332
330
d. Resources available to the local community
(infrastructure, unions, support, awards etc) [million €]
25.5
27.7
1,449.10
1,670.98
1. E m p l o y m e n t
2. D e v e l o p m e n t o f S k i l l s
a. Total number of training hours [hours]
b. Training hours per employee
3. H e a l t h a n d S a f e t y
c. Number of hours in H & S training per employee
f. A
ccident frequency indicator for all the employees
(direct and indirect) (x106)
g. Accident seriousness indicator for all the employees (x106)
h. E
mployees that are periodically under medical supervision
[% of total employees]
4. T o t a l t u r n o v e r & p r o d u c t i o n
a. Total turnover [million €]
b. Production of marketable products [million tons]
5. E x p l o r a t i o n – R & D c o s t s
a. Total exploration costs [million €]
b. R
&D costs per ton of marketable product (5a/4b)
[€/t product]
6. C o m m u n i c a t i o n w i t h t h e c o m m u n i t y
e. Resources available to the wider community (same as d) [€]
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GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
10,305
10,166
9,729
9,208
9,175
5,151
4,769
5,446
11,427
11,541
29,915,000
28,906,000
30,493,000
28,003,000
22,770,363
0.31
0.34
0.38
0.34
0.39
89,117
124,154
129,906
117,742
227,414
5.78
8.31
8.56
5.74
10.97
32,643
23,050
24,585
22,746
21,469
41,779
54,625
66,481
59,044
52,770
2.71
3.66
4.38
2.88
2.55
7
0
3
2
3
4.5
0
2
2
1.45
5.01
5
4.39
3.07
2.76
136.4
99.5
100.8
69.8
90.4
68
85
80
85
80
1,786.78
1,973.58
2,123.11
2,081.71
1,736.68
96.9
85.9
80.2
81.1
73.1
8.4
12.3
6.6
9.7
11.04
0.086
0.14
0.082
0.119
0.15
40
36
56
53
57
178
161
153
130
138
505
454
223
246
483
27.3
25.9
10.9
11.2
5.98
764.419
706.076
497.43
668.798
630.68
9
// 9
GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
2007
2008
28,520
27,987
294.7
267.8
11,896,545
17,435,018
5,843,221
6,948,150
12,890,396
18,013,768
0.12
0.17
325,774
982,331
154,742
154,868
b. Total land surface under rehabilitation [acres]
3,540
3,556
c. T
otal land surface returned to beneficial use or rehabilitated
by planting trees [acres]
55,350
55,938
d. Number of planted trees at the end of the calendar year
156,048
622,367
e. Cost for rehabilitation of mines and protection of the
environment [€]
11,280,096
11,675,475
f. C
ost for rehabilitation per ton of final product (9e/4b)
[€/t product]
0.11
0.11
562,660
555,889
5.81
5.32
450,475
405,576
1.12
1.328
4,150
4,908
6,600
6,286
a. ISO 9001/2 (GMEA members [%])
48
50
b. ISO 14001 (GMEA members [%])
30
32
c. OHSAS 18001 (GMEA members [%])
10
14
7. E n e r g y D e m a n d
a. Total energy consumption [MJ]x106
b. E
nergy consumption per ton of final product (7a/4b)
[MJ/t product]
8. W a t e r D e m a n d
a. Total net water consumption [m3]
b. Total consumption of recycled water [m ]
3
c. Water consumption during production [m ]
3
d. Total net water consumption per ton of final product
[m3/t product]
e. Water consumption in rehabilitation / restoration activities [m3]
9. L a n d D e m a n d – E n v i r o n m e n t a l R e h a b i l i t a t i o n
a. Total land in use for deposit exploitation at the end of the
calendar year (rehabilitated surface is excluded) [acres]
10. W a s t e M a n a g e m e n t
a. W
astes from mining activities the current year
[thousand tons]
b. W
astes from mining activities per ton of final product (10a/4b)
[tons/t product]
c. W
astes from mining activities used for backfilling
[thousand tons]
d. Wastes recycled or/and used for the production of secondary
materials [thousand tons]
e. Other not mining wastes recycled [thousand kg]
11. U s e o f d a n g e r o u s s u b s t a n c e s
a. Quantity of classified dangerous substances used during production (lubricants are excluded) according to the Directive 67/548/
EEC [tons]
12. C o m p a n y C e r t i f i c a t i o n
10
GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
20,155
24,330
30,965
31,335
31,484
207.8
283.23
386.18
386.24
340.68
16,980,791
17,809,519
16,936,337
17,235,543
12,892,679
5,118,120
8,667,330
9,494,971
9,665,820
8,995,183
15,894,993
10,745,469
18,119,550
17,087,140
15,449,168
0.17
0.21
0.23
0.21
0.17
907,765
582,814
311,054
341,111
310,717
157,675
154,779
164,001
175,469
167,183
3,729
1,682
3,688
5,547
4,272
59,996
63,520
63,550
63,550
61,902
588,468
506,193
169,024
212,348
159,329
9,376,164
16,151,915
8,732,448
10,130,178
10,742,980
0.11
0.19
0.11
0.12
0.14
543,087
532,206
600,478
513,027
512,924
5.6
6.19
7.4
6.3
7.01
462,059
439.48
440,882
417,851
439,316
1.153
797
508
854.7
1204
9,923
13,678
14,641
11,333
11,947
2,287
3,966
38,432
40,625
36,018
59
66
65
68
78
32
33
36
36
39
20
24
27
27
27
11
GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
Prior to reclamation
Return to the natural environment
Gerakopetra Bentonite mine S&B Industrial Minerals
To conclude with, despite economic recession and the collapse in the
domestic materials market, the perspectives or the Greek mineral
industry appear to be positive, relying mainly to its export orientation.
However, the industry has to identify and exploit the trends and
opportunities of the international business environment in order to
overcome crisis, remain competitive and further improve its position
and perspectives.
Results from the list of key performance sustainability indicators
demonstrate the significant strides the industry has made in regards to
sustainability. It is also clear that there is still a need for improvement
in environmental performance and good practice has far to go before it
spreads to all parts of the mining industry, especially for the small-scale
mining. Sustainability performance of GMEA members must pass more
efficiently to the local communities and in general to society, in order to
empower the social license of our sector.
Finally, GMEA believes that we need a new agenda focused on good
practice guidance that is built around society’s demands and the realistic
aspirations of a much more powerful industry sector.
12
GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
Products of GMEA Company Members
Auriferous Pyrite (conc.)
For the first time in Greece, in 2013, we have a production of
30,000 onges from the mines of Chalkidiki, exploited by the
GMEA member HELLAS Gold SA.
Attapulgite
The annual production the last 5 years reaches 28,000 tones
(raw) and 11,000 tones (processed), exclusively from the
northern part of Greece, exploited by the GMEA member
GEOHELLAS SA.
Bauxite-Alumina-Aluminium
GMEA members S&B Industrial Minerals SA, Delphes
Distomon SA and ELMIN SA have a combined annual
bauxite production which varies, the last 5 years, between
2,100,000 and 1,850,385 tones. The 30% of this production
is mainly exported in EU countries and S. Africa.
In the domestic market, GMEA member Aluminium SA,
constitutes the biggest consumer of Greek bauxite with
annual requirements in the order of 1,400,000 tones
and alumina-aluminium in the range of 800,000 and
165,000 tones respectively. The greatest part of aluminium
production (65%) is exported mainly to EU countries and
45% of Alumina production to Mediterranean countries.
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GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
Bentonite
S&B Industrial Minerals SA is the leading bentonite
producer worldwide. Together with the small contribution of
Bentomine SA, the annual production varies, the last 5 years,
between 1,250,000 and 1,500,000 tones raw and between
800,000 and 1,200,000 tones processed. The greatest part
of this production is mainly exported to EU countries, North
America and Russia.
Calcium Carbonate
The average national production of the last 5 years is
approximately 450,000 tones. GMEA members Omya SA
and DION YSSOMARBLE SA produce the 40% of this
amount.
Gypsum
The average national production of the last 5 years is
approximately 650,000 tones. GMEA members Lava SA
and Interbeton SA, produce 235,000 and 225,000 tones
respectively. It must be noted that 50% of this production
is exported to Mediterranean countries and the rest is
exploited by cement and construction materials industries.
Lignite
The average national production of the last 5 years is
approximately 58,000,000 tones, totally used for the
domestic electricity production. The major producer (95%)
is Public Power Corporation SA, member of GMEA.
Limestone Aggregates
The total national production of the last 5 years varies
between 30,000,000 and 50,000,000 tones. GME A’s
member companies Interbeton SA, HALYPS Quarries SA,
LAFARGE BETON SA, Hellenic Quarries SA, TITAN SA,
AGET group LAFARGE and LARCO SA produce the 48% of
this amount.
14
GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
Magnesite-Magnesia products
GMEA member, GRECIAN MAGNESITE, is the greatest
Caustic Magnesia exporter in EU. The company produces
annually roughly 400,000 tones Magnesite raw, 60,000
tones Caustic Magnesia, 35.000 tones Dead Burnt Magnesia
and 40,000 tones Basic Monolithic Refractories.
Marbles
The total national production of marble products varies
between 1,500,000 and 2,100,000 tones. Only two main
companies, Dionyssomarble SA and PAVLIDIS Marble SA,
which produce white marbles infamous all over the world,
are members of GMEA.
Mixed sulphide ores
The whole production stems from the mines of HELLAS
Gold SA, sited in Chalkidiki, Northern Greece. The annual
ex traction of ore exceeds 230,000 tones. By special
processing, the company produces annually 60,000,000
tones of zinc/led concentrates.
Nickel
LARCO SA remains the sole producer of nickel in the E.U.
with exploitation of domestic sources. The production is in
the range of 2,250,000 tones of laterite ore and 18,000 tones
of nickel in FeNi alloy. The total production is exported in
the European industries of stainless steel.
Olivine
Silicate Ferromagnesium industrial mineral, which is used
mainly in refractories’ production. Thermolith SA is the
only company, GMEA member, involved in this sector. The
annual production exceeds 30,000 tones.
15
GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
Perlite
S&B Industrial Minerals SA is the largest Perlite producer in
Greece and one of the leading producers all over the world
(25% of the total output worldwide). The annual production
of raw material exceeds 650,000 tones and processed
450,000 tones.
Pozzolane
GMEA members LAVA SA, Interbeton SA, Bentomine SA
and KYVOS SA have a combined annual production which
varies, the last 5 years, between 600,000 and 300,000
tones. It is used in the cement industry.
Pumice
Annual production varies, the last 5 years, between 380,000
and 420,000 tones, exclusively from the mine of Yali Island,
exploited by the GMEA member LAVA SA. The greatest part
is exported to EU countries, USA and Israel.
Huntite
GMEA member White Minerals SA, produces this material
used in industry as a filler, flame retarder, extender, paint
and paper production. The annual production exceeds
20,000 tones raw and 10,000 tones processed.
16
GREEK EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY
AND METALLURGY
Sustainable Development 2007-2013
Greek Mining
Enterprises
Association
10th Vassileos Georgiou & Rigillis Str., 106 74 Athens, Greece
T: (+30) 210 7215900-902 | F: T: (+30) 210 7215950
e-mail: [email protected]
Greek Mining
Enterprises
Association
MAY 2014