book of abstracts

Transcription

book of abstracts

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
First International Symposium on Medicinal, Aromatic and
Nutraceutical Plants from Mountainous Areas
(MAP-Mountain 2011)
6th – 9th July 2011
Saas-Fee, Switzerland
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
First International Symposium on Medicinal, Aromatic
and Nutraceutical Plants from Mountainous Areas
(MAP-Mountain 2011)
6th – 9th July 2011
First International Symposium on Medicinal, Aromatic and Nutraceutical
Plants form Mountainous Areas (MAP-Mountain 2011), July 6-9, 2011
Organizing Committee
CARLEN Christoph, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Switzerland, Convener
BAROFFIO Catherine, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Switzerland
VOUILLAMOZ José, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Switzerland
CHASSOT Chantal, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Switzerland, Secretary
Scientific Committee
MÁTHÉ Ákos, Chair of the ISHS-Section Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Department of
Botany, West Hungarian University
BÜTER Bernd, VitaPlant, Basel, Switzerland
CRAKER Lyle, University of Massachussetts, USA
CRISTÓBAL CABAU Roser, Forest Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Solsona, Spain
FRANZ Chlodwig, Institute for Applied Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine,
Vienna, Austria
GIORGI Anna, Agriculture Faculty, University of Milan, Italy
GROGG Alain, HES-SO Valais/Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
HOSTETTMANN Kurt, University of Geneva, Switzerland
NICOLA Silvana, Department of Agronomy, University of Turin, Italy
SIMONNET Xavier, Mediplant, Conthey, Switzerland
STUPPNER Hermann, Institute of Pharmacy / Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck,
Austria
VENDER Carla, Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Roma, Italy
2
Table of Contents
PROGRAM
4
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
9
POSTERS
46
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
126
3
Scientific Program
Tuesday, July 5
17.00
18.00
19.15
Registration
Welcome reception
- Welcome to Saas-Fee
- Welcome to Valais/Wallis
- Opening Conference
The potential of alpine plants for the development of
drugs, cosmetics, food supplements and food additives
Mayor of Saas-Fee
Kurt Hostettmann, University
of Geneva, CH
Welcome cocktail
Wednesday, July 6
09.00
Opening of the Symposium
Jean-Philippe Mayor, Director
Agroscope ACW, CH
Session Ia : Genetic resources, botany, phytochemistry
Chairperson : Chlodwig Franz, Institute for Applied Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
09.20
Therapeutic potential of alpine plants: Leontopodium alpinum Cass., Stefan Schwaiger, Innsbruck University, AT
Sambucus ebulus L. and Horminum pyrenaicum L. (O1)
09.50
Biodiversity of medicinal plants from Northwestern Argentina (O2)
Angela Etcheverry, Salta University, AR
10.10
Wild plants used by the Cimbrian ethnic minority in the Alps
as food and medicine (O3)
Concepción Obón, M. H University, ES
10.30
Coffee break
11.00
Medicinal plant diversity in the flora of the west part of Bucegi
mountains (Romania) (O4)
Neblea Monica Angela, University of
Pitesti, RO
11.20
Climate change impact on conservation status of wild
Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) populations in Armenia (O5)
Armine Abrahamyan, Environmental
Protection Department, Latvia, AM
11.40
Intraspecific variability of roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) naturally
occurring in Mongolian Altai (O6)
Jarosław Przybył, Warsaw University, PL
12.30
Lunch
Session Ib : Genetic resources, botany, phytochemistry
Chairperson : Akos Máthé, Department of Botany, University of West Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
14.00
Advances in technologies for the rapid preliminary investigation
plant bioactive constituents at the microgram scale (O7)
14.30
Morphological traits and aromatic profiles of genepì
Silvana Nicola, University of Torino, IT
(Artemisia umbelliformis Lamb.) ecotypes present in Western Alps (O8)
14.50
Results of the Piedmont Region project GENEPIEM
Essential oil polymorphism of Thymus pulegioides L. collected in
Monti Pisani, Italy (O9)
Szilvia Sárosi, University of Budapest, HU
15.10
Behind a liqueur: the phytochemical profile of genepy (O10)
Federica Pollastro, Università del Piemonte
Orientale, Italy
15.30
Environmental conditions and essential oil diversity of native
Thymus pulegioides L. populations in highlands of Hungary and in
the Carpathians (O11)
Zsuzsanna Pluhár, University of
Budapest, HU
15.50
Coffee break
16.10
Chemical composition of Phyteuma orbiculare, a forgotten food
plant of the Valais (O12)
Olivier Potterat, University of Basel, CH
16.30
Assessment of genetic diversity in IranianWild Mentha aquatica
populations using RAPD marker (O13)
Mohsen Kazemi, Azad University, IR
Poster session
16.45 – 18.00 Poster session with the presence of the authors4
Jean-Luc Wolfender, University of
Geneva, CH
Thursday, July 7
Session II: Domestication, breeding and molecular assisted selection
Chairperson : Bernd Büter, VitaPlant, Switzerland
09.00
Domestication and breeding of wild medicinal and aromatic
plants – 30 years of experience in Israel (O14)
Nativ Dudai, Newe Ya’ar Research
Center, IL
09.30
Rhodiola rosea L. 'Mattmark', the first synthetic variety is
launched in Switzerland (O15)
José Vouillamoz, Agroscope ACW, CH
09.50
Regeneration and multiplication of MAPs genetic resources by
using technical isolation and controlled pollination (O16)
Karel Dusek, CRI, CZ
10.10
Attempts to domesticate Primula veris L.: genetic resources and
selection (O17)
Chlodwig Franz, University of Vienna, AT
10.30
Coffee break
11.00
Development of extraction and rapid analytical methods for
the selection of medicinal plants (O18)
Ivan Slacanin,Laboratoire Ilis, CH
11.20
Genetic diversity of Finnish Rhodiola rosea population based
on ISSR analysis (O19)
Zsuzsanna György, University of
Budapest, HU
12.30
Lunch
Session III a : Cultivation, plant protection and harvesting
Chairperson : Silvana Nicola, Department of Agronomy, University of Turin, Italy
14.00
Optimising the cultivation and harvesting of medicinal and aromatic
plants from mountainous areas to achieve stable yield and high
quality (O21)
Christoph Carlen, Agroscope ACW, CH
14.30
Experimental activity carried out on Golden root (Rhodiola rosea L.)
in the province of Trento (O22)
Carla Vender, CRA-MPF, IT
14.50
Sustainable production of Arnica montana L. in the Catalan
Pyrenees (NE Spain): wild harvesting or cultivation (O23)
Cristobal Roser, Forest Science Center, ES
15.10
Sustainable harvest practices of Haplopappus taeda, a medicinal
plant from the Andean mountains (O24)
Hermine Vogel, University of Talca, CL
15.30
Incidence under real conditions of altitude on the development
and properties of Leontopodium alpinum Cass. (O25)
Xavier Simonnet, Mediplant, CH
15.50
Coffee break
Poster session
16.30 – 17.30 Poster session with the presence of the authors
18.00 – 18.30 Business meeting ISHS ‘MAP-Mountain’ for members of the section MAP
19.30
Cocktail Bacardi/Martini
Gala dinner at “Holzwurm” Bar
5
Friday, July 8
Session III b : Cultivation, plant protection and harvesting
Chairperson : Silvana Nicola, Department of Agronomy, University of Turin, Italy
09.20
In vitro cultivation of Alchemilla mollis (Rosaceae) in Bulgaria (O26)
09.40
Establishment of callus cultures of Rhodiola rosea Bulgarian
Ecotype (O27)
10.00
Coffee break
Marina Stanilova, Institut of Biodiversity,
BG
Krasimira Tasheva, Academy of Science,
BG
Session IV: Post harvest treatments: drying, extraction, product formulation
Chairperson: Catherine Baroffio, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil Research Station ACW, Switzerland
10.30
From alpine plant to natural bioactives: a long way riddled
with pitfalls (O28)
François Paul, DSM Nutritional Products
Pentapharm, CH
11.00
Targets of medicinal plant extracts and isolated phytochemicals
in human cells (O29)
Amandio Vieira, Simon Fraser University,
CA
11.20
Artur Manukyan,University of Munich,DE
11.40
Bioactive compounds and their health-promoting capacity of
some caucasian endemic and rare medicinal plants (O30)
Bioautographic screening of plant extracts for medicinal,
nutritional or cosmetic use by HPTLC: antioxidant activity and
enzyme inhibition (O31)
12.30
Lunch
14.00
The microbiological quality of commercial medicinal herbs,
extracts and tea bags in Iran (O32)
Post harvest treatment of Rhodiola rosea (O33)
14.20
14.40
15.00
15.20
Evelyn Wolfram, ZHAW, CH
Majid Azizi, Ferdowsi University, IR
Mette Goul Thomsen, Bioforsk, NO
Agrorefinery concept applied to medieval aromatic plants from
Thierry Talou, CICT, FR
mountainous area: case of great calamint (Calamintha grandiflora) (O34)
PhytoArk, a value chain project to enhance the valorization of
Massimo Nobile, CimArk, CH
the alpine plants in Valais (O35)
Conclusion of the Symposium
Máthé Akos, Chair of the ISHS-Section
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Saturday, July 9
09h00 – 12h00
Botanical Tour with José Vouillamoz
6
Opening Conference
The potential of Alpine plants for the development of
drugs, cosmetics, food supplements and food additives
K. Hostettmann
Honorary Professor at the Universities of Geneva, Lausanne, Nanjing,
Shandong and at the Chinese Academy of Science in Shanghai, CH-1938
Champex-Lac, Switzerland
Numerous Alpine plants are used since centuries for the treatment of various
diseases. More recently it was found that some of them contain inhibitors of
acetylcholinesterase with some potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease,
namely Gentiana species and Peucedanum ostruthium (Apiaceae). Since 2010, for
the first time, a plant extract has been registered in Switzerland and in some other
European countries as an anti-stress drug. This plant, Rhodiola rosea
(Crassulaceae), is common in Russia and Scandinavia but is also wild growing in the
Alps. Clinical trials (double blind against placebo) have demonstrated that Rhodiola
rosea extracts are reducing the salivary concentrations of the stress hormone
cortisol in patients. Due to the large number of people suffering from stress and
burn out, there is an urgent need to cultivate this highly promising plant. In
Switzerland some cultivations have been initiated.
Edelweiss and Gentiana species have a great potential for dermatological problems
due to their high content in radical-scavenging constituents. From China, we import
large quantities of goji berries, Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae) as food supplements
with many applications. But in fact, this plant is originated from Europe and is
growing well in Alpine regions. Cultivations should be made here without the use of
pesticides. Finally, there is an increasing demand of fruits with high vitamin C
content. Tropical fruits are imported such as acerola and camu-camu from South
America because they contain 30 times more vitamin C than orange. The berries of
the plant Hippophae rhamnoides (Elaegnaceae) or sea-buckthorn which occurs in
the Alps contain the same amount of vitamin C and in addition large quantities of
tocopherols...!
7
8
Oral Presentations
Session I :
Genetic resources, botany, phytochemistry
O01 - O13
Session II :
Domestication, breeding and
molecular assisted selection
O14 – O20
Session III :
Cultivation, plant protection and harvesting
O21 - O27
Session IV :
Post harvest treatments: drying, extraction,
product formulation
O28 - O35
9
LIST OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS
No
Title
Submittted Author
Session I : Genetic resources, botany, phytochemistry
O1
Therapeutic potential of alpine plants : Leontopodium alpinum
Schwaiger
Cass., Sambucus ebulus L. and Horminum pyrenaicum L.
O2 Biodiversity of medicinal plants from Northwestern Argentina
O3
O4
O5
O6
O7
O8
O9
Wild Plants used by the Cimbrian ethnic minority in the Alps as
food and medicine
Medicinal plant diversity in the flora of the west part of Bucegi
mountains (Romania)
Climate change impact on conservation status of wild Melissa
officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) populations in Armenia
occurring in Mongolian Altai
plant bioactive constituents at the microgram scale
Morphological traits and aromatic profiles of genepì (Artemisia
umbelliformis Lamb.) ecotypes present in Western Alps. Results
of the Piedmont Region project GENEPIEM
Monti Pisani, Italy
O10 Behind a liqueur the phytochemical profile of genepy
Stefan
Etcheverry
Angela Virginia
Obon
Concepcion
Neblea
Monica Angela
Abrahamyan
Armine
Przybl
Jaroslaw
Wolfender
Jean-Luc
Nicola
Silvana
Sárosi
Szilvia
Pollastro
Frederica
O11 Thymus pulegioides L. populations in highlands of Hungary and Pluhár
in the Carpathians
O12
Potterat
plant of Valais
O13
Kazemi
populations using RAPD marker
Zsuzsanna
Olivier
Mohsen
Session II : Domestication, breeding and molecular assisted selection
O14
O15
O16
O17
O18
O19
O20
plants - 30 years of experience in Israel
launched in Switzerland
using technical isolation and controlled pollination
Attempts to domesticate Primula veris L. : genetic resources and
selection
Development of extraction and rapid analytical methods for the
selection of medicinal plants
Genetic diversity of Finnish Rhodiola rosea population based on
ISSR analysis
Study of genetic diversity among Iranian pomegranate cultivars
by using morphological and molecular markers
10
Dudai
Nativ
Vouillamoz
José
Dusek
Karel
Franz
Chlodwig
Slacanin
Ivan
György
Zsuzsanna
Mourmohammadi
Zahra
Session III : Cultivation, plant protection and harvesting
Optimising the cultivation and harvesting of medicinal and
O21 aromatic plants from mountainous areas to achieve stable yield
and high quality
Experimental activity carried out on Golden root (Rhodiola rosea
O22
L.) in the province of Trento
Sustainable production of Arnica montana (L.) in the Catalan
O23
Pyrenees (NE Spain): wild harvesting or cultivation?
O24
plant from the Andean mountains
O25
and properties of Leontopodium alpinum Cass.
O26 In vitro cultivation of Alchemilla mollis (Rosaceae) in Bulgaria
O27
Carlen
Christoph
Vender
Carla
Cristobal
Roser
Vogel
Hermine
Simonnet
Xavier
Stanilova
Marina
Tasheva
ecotype
Krasimira
Session IV : Post harvest treatments: drying, extraction, product formulation
O28
O29
O30
O31
O32
From Alpine Plant to Natural Bioactives : a long way riddled with
pitfalls
Targets of medicinal plant extracts and isolated phytochemicals
in human cells
Bioactive Compounds and Their Health-promoting Capacity of
Some Caucasian Endemic and Rare Medicinal Plants
Bioautographic Screening of Plant Extracts for Medicinal,
Nutritional or Cosmetic Use by HPTLC : Antioxidant Activity and
Enzyme Inhibition
extracts, and tea bags in Iran
O33 Post harvest treatment of Rhodiola rosea
Paul
François
Vieira
Amandio
Manukyan
Artur
Wolfram
Evelyn
Azizi
Majid
Thomsen
Mette
Goul
Agrofefinery concept applied to medieval aromatic plants from
O34 mountainous area : case of great calamint (Calamintha Talou
grandiflora)
PhytoArk, a value-chain project to enhance the valorization of
O35
Nobile
the alpine plants in Valais
11
Thierry
Massimo
O-01 - Therapeutic potential of alpine plants:
Leontopodium alpinum Cass., Sambucus ebulus L. and
Horminum pyrenaicum L.
S. Schwaiger, H. Stuppner
Institut für Pharmazie/Pharmakognosie, CMBI, Universität Innsbruck,
Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Numerous exogenous factors such as environmental parameters including UV
radiation, humidity, temperature as well as competition with other individuals or
species could influence the amount of secondary metabolites in plant tissue making
alpine plant to an interesting source for new lead structures in medicinal research.
During the last years we investigated a number of alpine plants for their ability to
prevent and interfere with diseases originating in inflammatory processes. The
most promising results of those studies were the impact of lignan derivatives of the
roots of edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum Cass.) on atherosclerotic processes and
their application in bypass surgery. The investigations of the leaves of Sambucus
ebulus (dwarf elder), a plant described already in the “Materia medica” of
Disocorides to possess anti-inflammatory properties, afforded a number of new
iridoid glycosides. Interestingly, this compound class was not responsible for the
described activity. Bioguided isolation of the extract identified ursolic acid as active
principle. The search for natural products with the ability to influence the
tryptophan metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) led to a
dichloromethane extract of the roots of Horminum pyrenaicum L. (Dragonmouth or
Pyrenean Dead-nettle). Activity guided isolation of the extract afforded diterpenoid
quinone derivatives as active principles. Results of these investigations
demonstrate the potential of European alpine plants as sources of new natural
compounds with interesting pharmacological properties.
12
O-02 - Biodiversity of medicinal plants from
Northwestern Argentina
Angela Etcheverry1, Carolina Yáñez1, Diego López-Spahr1, Carlos
Gómez2, Trinidad Figueroa-Fleming1, Mercedes Alemán1
1
Catedra de Botánica, Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva,
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Avenida
Bolivia 5150, 4400 Salta, Argentina.
2
Laboratorio de Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido (LASEM), Universidad
Nacional de Salta, Avenida Bolivia 5150, 4400 Salta, Argentina.
Argentina is one of the 25 most diverse countries in the world due to their species
richness and endemism. A survey was conducted to categorize medicinal weeds
found in Salta Province, which has the highest number of medicinal taxa in the
country. We found that Dicots constitutes 92.1%, with 76 families and 258 genera.
Asteraceae was the family with the largest number of used taxa (24.55% of the
total medicinal plants), followed by Fabaceae (9.02%), Solanaceae (7.67%),
Verbenaceae (6.65%) and Lamiaceae (5.63%). Monocots are represented by 10
families and 26 genera, in contrast to 65 families and 232 genera for Dicots plants.
These taxa are still used by several ethnic groups from Northwestern Argentina for
the prevention and relief of medical disorders. The medicinal species registered in
this review, which represent near the 52% of the total medicinal Argentinean flora,
demonstrate that Salta province represents an important source of promising
plants.
13
O-03 - Wild plants used by the Cimbrian ethnic minority
in the Alps as food and medicine
D. Rivera1, C. Obón2, F. Alcaraz1
1
Universidad de Murcia, Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de
Biología, 30100 Murcia (Spain)
2
Universidad Miguel Hernández, Departamento de Biología Aplicada,
EPSO, Crta. de Beniel km. 3.2.- 03312 Orihuela (Alicante, Spain)
The Cimbrian ethnic minority extended since the 12th century AD along the
southern and eastern border of the Dolomites in the heart of Europe (Italy). They
were 35’000 in 1854, and the estimated population in 2000 was 2’230, from which
500 lived in Luserna (Trentino Alto Adige, Trento), 1’500 in the Sette Comuni
(Roana (Rowan) and Messaselva di Roana (Rotzo) (Veneto, Vicenza), 230 in
Giazza/Ijetzan (Veneto, Verona), and a few dozens in Piano Cansiglio (Veneto,
Vittorio Veneto). The Cimbrian language (Upper German, Bavarian-Austrian group)
present dialects: Lusernese, Tredici Communi Cimbrian (Taucias), Sette Comuni
Cimbrian. Based on structural and intelligibility differences, the 3 dialects could be
considered separate languages. Lusernese is heavily influenced by Italian.
Interviews, ancient documents and dictionaries were recorded for the traditional
rural knowledge, including the management and uses of wild plants. The objectives
were to determine the fungi and vascular plant species named and used by the
Cimbrian, particularly as food and medicine, and to analyze the results within the
context of the Alpine cultures and traditions. Methods included review of
literature, especially local papers and books, interviews with members of the
different Cimbrian communities in Italy (Trentino and Veneto), and collection of
voucher specimens and / or photographs of plants, gardens and landscapes in the
different areas. A total of 892 records of plant-uses-names were collected for
species of vascular plants and fungi which are (or were) used by the Cimbrian.
Medicinal uses were registered for 104 taxa, and uses as food were recorded for 36
taxa. The medicinal species are: 73 wild, 3 wild and cultivated, 20 exclusively
cultivated, and 8 imported. Concerning the parts used: the whole plant in 36 taxa,
the leaves in 16, the flowers in 14, the roots in 6, and the bulbs in 5.
14
O-04 - Medicinal plant diversity in the flora of the west
part of Bucegi Mountains (Romania)
Monica Neblea, Mădălina Marian, Magdalena Duţă
University of Piteşti, Faculty of Science, Biology-Horticulture Department,
Romania
Romania has many natural resources in all domains and medicinal plants play an
important role in the lives of people. Current regulations concerning plant species
protection are not sufficient. Many types of action can be taken in favour of the
conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants. Some of these are
undertaken directly at the places where the plants are found, while others are less
direct, such as ex situ conservation. This paper presents the ecology, sozological
category, distribution, habitats, threats, management, monitoring and conservation
methods of the most important medicinal plant species in the west part of the
Bucegi Mountains (Meridional Carpathians, Romania). In this territory were
identified 259 species of medicinal plants belonging to 180 genus and 68 families.
Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Ranunculaceae, Apiaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae are the
largest families and each has more than 10 species of medicinal plants. Some
species, such as Gentiana lutea, Angelica archangelica, Arnica montana,
Rhododendron myrtifolium, Leontopodium alpinum, Hepatica transsilvanica,
Streptopus amplexifolius are endemic, rare or vulnerable taxa both in Europa and in
Romania, being mentioned in several national and international documents (Red
List of the superior plants of Romania, Habitats Directive). For three species
(Gentiana lutea, Angelica archangelica, Arnica montana) were realized
orthophotoplans using aerophotography method, in order to highlight their
distribution in the studied area.
15
O–05 - Climate change impact on conservation status of
wild Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) populations in
Armenia
A. Abrahamyan1, A.Teilans2, A. Zorins2
1
Environmetal Protection Department, Rezeknes Augstskola, Rezekne,
LV4600 Latvia
2
Department of Computer Scineces and Mathematics, Rezeknes
Augstskola, Rezekne LV4600,Latvia
Climate change and temperature may lead to long-term irregularities in
interspecific interaction and may alter plant populations’ dynamics, its structure
and ecosystem functioning in the region. Studies on possible effects of climate
change on medicinal plants biodiversity and conservation status are particularly
significant due to their value within traditional systems of medicine and as
economically useful plants. Currently, only limited information on conservation
status under the impact of global climate change of these species is available in
Armenia. Anthropogenic threats to biodiversity (overpopulation, deforestation and
urbanization) have simultaneously hindered research and increased the need for it.
From 2006-2009, field studies were conducted to find out changes in growth,
phenological and habitat characteristics of Melissa officinalis L., population size and
location (GPS mapping). In 2010, we have implicated these research data to carry
out future assessment of the risk analysis and impact of global climate change on
its population distribution and conservation status. Neural network and genetic
algorithms have been identified as stochastic self-learning methods to investigate
hidden regularities between different data. Certain factors, such as biological
characteristic of plants, habitat of the populations, anthropogenic threats and
climate change have been identified as the key elements. In fact, vulnerability of
plant population will particularly increase in central and northern part of the
country, as they were identified to be comparatively stressful environments under
global climate change and anthropogenic threats, which included: poor land
management, increasing population pressure, and excessive collection of plants.
16
O-06 - Intraspecific variability of roseroot (Rhodiola
rosea L.) naturally occurring in Mongolian Altai
Jalbajaw Magsar1, Altantsetseg Sharkhuu1, Katarzyna Bączek2,
Jarosław L. Przybył2*, Zenon Węglarz2
1
Plant Protection & Biotechnology Department, School of Agrobiology,
Mongolian State University of Agriculture, Zaisan 53, Ulaanbaatar,
Mongolia
2
Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw University of Life
Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Intraspecific chemical variability of wild growing roseroot from the area of South
East Mongolian Altai was investigated. Five geographically distant populations were
the objects of the study. The raw materials used for chemical evaluation were
rhizomes and roots. The biologically active compounds in these raw materials were
determined by HPLC, using the Shimadzu chromatograph with DAD detector. Nine
phenolic compounds were identified: salidroside, p-tyrosol, rosavin, rosarin, rosin,
trans-cinnamic alcohol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid and kaempferol. There
were significant differences both between and within populations. The content of
main compound, rosavin, varied from 1 900.63 to 4 216.06 mg × 100g-1 between
the populations, and from 1 118.54 to 3 390.85 mg × 100g-1 within the most
abundant population (No 22).
17
O-07 - Advances in technologies for the rapid
preliminary investigation plant bioactive constituents at
the microgram scale
Jean-Luc Wolfender
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University
of Lausanne, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
In order to identify new pharmacophores or bioactive compounds, metabolite profiling
and bioactivity profiling of crude plant extracts is essential. The large majority of the
investigations in pharmacognosy are performed by bioactivity-guided fractionation
approach that provides mg amounts of pure NP’s from kilogram of plants. This approach
has been very successful in drug discovery, however it is a time consuming process that
may sometimes lead to the isolation of compound with minor interest. With the recent
improvement of sensitivity in analytical methods and bioassay, this approach is now
feasible with milligram amounts of crude extracts and microgram of NPs. This is a
challenging task that requires methods providing high chromatographic resolution for
detailed profiling. Furthermore these methods should give at-line or on-line spectroscopic
information for structure identification and bioactivity results at the same time. In order to
solve this issue, we have developed a strategy combining high-resolution metabolite
profiling of crude plant or vegetable extracts on high peak capacity UHPLC columns with
subsequent microfractionation of the extracts. LC-MS monitored microfractionation is
performed with milligram amounts of crude extracts. Complete structural determination
of the unknown compounds is then based on at-line microflow NMR (CapNMR)
experiments with detection at the microgram level. This approach provides high quality 1D
and 2D NMR spectra on the main constituents directly from a single separation. In parallel
to this chemical screening, bioactivity profiling is performed by testing the content of the
microfractions in various assay such as the zebrafish assay an attractive in vivo system for
functional genomics drug discovery. Such an integrated system provides a way to rapidly
perform bioactivity guided fractionation with very restricted amounts of plant material
preserving thus the biodiversity. On the other hand data collected on the whole mixture
can be used for a more global evaluation of the multiple effects and synergy within
phytopreparations using holistic approaches such as metabolomics. An overview of the
technologies used and strategies followed in our group will be given.
18
O-08 - Morphological traits and aromatic profiles of
genepì (Artemisia umbelliformis Lamb.) ecotypes
present in Western Alps. Results of the Piedmont Region
project GENEPIEM
Silvana Nicola1, Giorgio Tibaldi1, Emanuela Fontana1, Carlo
Bicchi2, Patrizia Rubiolo2, Moreno Soster3
1
Università degli Studi di Torino – Dip. Agronomia, Selvicoltura e Gestione
del Territorio, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44 10095 Grugliasco (TO) Italy
2
Università degli Studi di Torino – Dip. Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco,
Via Pietro Giuria, 9 10125 Torino (TO) Italy
3
Regione Piemonte – Regione Piemonte, Direzione Agricoltura, Settore
Servizi di Sviluppo Agricolo, Corso Stati Uniti 21, 10128 Torino (TO) Italy
The 3-year project GENEPIEM was conducted to characterize the genepì (Artemisia
umbelliformis Lamb.) ecotypes present in Piedmont Western Alps to be used in the
production of genepì liquor. The project aimed to certify the liquor production chain from
the cultivation of the herb, thanks to the peculiarity of the Piedmont ecotypes. Seeds of
three local ecotypes (Gran Paradiso; Elva; Val Chisone) previously gathered from the wild
in Occitan Valleys were sown in 2007 in Alpine experimental fields (> 1500 m asl) and
compared to Swiss selections (RAC 12; RAC 16) for the morphological and phenological
traits and the essential oil profiles. In 2008, the chamaephyte diameters of local ecotypes
were 21.2% smaller than the Swiss selections, while the chamaephyte heights were similar
(5.9 cm). The leaf descriptors were very similar among Piedmont ecotypes and Swiss
selections, except the length of the main lacinia, which was 30% longer in local ecotypes
than in Swiss selections. The Piedmont ecotypes produced 14 flower heads per singular
floral scape, in crowded racemes, which were 37.9% greater than the Swiss selections;
however, the mean floral scape height in the Piedmont ecotypes was 32% smaller than in
the Swiss selections. The essential oils obtained from the distillation of plants from
Piedmont contained - and -thujone as main components together with a homologue
series of sabinyl esters, while those from Swiss plant selections were characterized by 1,8cineole, borneol and -pinene, and - and -thujone were almost absent. The chemical
variability of A. umbelliformis Lamb. was also evident when the sesquiterpene lactone
fractions of both chemotypes were analysed: the plants from Piedmont were
characterized by cis-8-eudesmanolide derivatives and those from Switzerland by trans-6germacranolide derivatives, in particular costunolide. The project led to conclude that all
the Piedmont ecotypes can be considered as a single chemotype, different from the Swiss
selections.
19
O-09 - Essential oil polymorphism of Thymus pulegioides
L. collected in Monti Pisani, Italy
S. Sárosi, J. Bernáth, A. Bertoli, L. Pistelli, S. Benvenuti
University of Budapest, Hungary
Thymus pulegioides is widely distributed in Europe. It is an upright growing Thymus
species characterised by great variability referring to its essential oil components.
Up to now, 6 chemotypes of this plant species have been described with the main
compounds of thymol, carvacrol, geraniol, linalool, fenchone and alpha-terpenyl
acetate. In Italy, only one wild growing population in Campania was analysed and
described as thymol chemotype. In our research work, three populations of T.
pulegioides collected in Monti Pisani (Santagallo, Tuscany, 650 m a.s.l.) were
analysed with respect to their essential oil amount and composition. The GC-MS
analysis provided the separation and identification of approximately 34
components accounting for more than 98% in the hydrodistilled essential oils. Two
populations were taken in the thymol chemotype group (containing 36.88 % and
37.66 % thymol), with the essential oil amounts of 1.53 g/100 g dw. and 0.74 g/100
g dw. The third population, having typical lemon smell, contained higher amounts
of geraniol as main compound (35.64 %) with an essential oil level of 1.05 g/100 g
dw.
This project was supported by the Eötvös State Fellowship and TAMOP-4.2.1/B/09/
1/KMR-2010-0005.
20
O-10 - Behind a liqueur: the phytochemical profile of
genepy
G. Appendino1, F. Pollastro1, C. Avonto1, A. Tubaro2, E. Muñoz3
1
Di.S.C.A.F.F., Università del Piemonte Orientale “amedeo Avogadro”, Via
Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
2
Dipartimento dei Materiali e delle Risorse Naturali, Università di Trieste,
Via A. Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy
3
Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad
de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Avda de Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004
Córdoba, Spain
Genepy is the name given to a series of Alpine wormwoods growing at high altitude
used to prepare herbal teas and, in particular, the homonymous celebrated bitter
liqueur, recently granted a Geographical Indication Status by the European Union.
Genepy has an interesting ethnomedicine, and has been used in folk medicine to
treat cold and inflammation. A remarkable testimony of this use appears in the Les
Confessions by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, where he describes the death of the
gardener Claude Anet who went to the Alps to collect some genepy, but
“s’échauffa tellement qu’il gagna une pleurésie dont le Genipi ne put le sauver,
quoiqu’il y soit, dit-on, spécifique”. We have isolated from Artemisia umbelliformis
Lam., the only genepy that can be cultivated, a series of sesqui- and sesterpene
lactones and flavonoids, some of which show potent anti-inflammatory activity in
vivo. The molecular basis for this activity has been traced to the inhibition of
several targets of the inflammatory cascade, and especially NF-κB and STAT3. The
structure-activity relationships within these compounds will be discussed in the
light of their reactivity with an active cysteine mimic.
21
O-11 - Environmental conditions and essential oil
diversity of native Thymus pulegioides L. populations in
highlands of Hungary and in the Carpathians
Zsuzsanna Pluhár, Szilvia Sárosi, Hella Simkó
Corvinus University of Budapest, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants, Budapest, Hungary
Occurrence, environmental factors and essential oil properties of T. pulegioides
populations have been surveyed in highlands of Hungary and in the East Carpathians.
According to our results, these populations exist in habitats where the base rock
(andesite, rhyolite, Pannonian sandstone or salt diapire) have facilitated the
development of soils with acidic or near neutral character. In the habitats of the
populations studied, mostly slight acidic erubase, podzol, meadow or bare soils were
found. From a coenological point of view, it is considered as the element of mountain
meadows and hayfields, silicate rocky grasslands or greenweed-oak forests. Almost
all dried flowering shoot samples of the populations examined met the requirements
of the Pharmacopoeia Hungarica (Ed. VIII., 2004: min. 0.3 ml/100 g essential oil), and
values ranged between 0.07 and 1.50 ml/100 g (mean: 0.41 ml/100 g). The following
six new chemovarieties have been described: carvacrol/thymol; carvacrol/thymol
metylether/γ-terpinene;
geranial/linalyl-acetate/neral/linalool;
pcymene/spathulenol/geraniol;
β-caryophyllene/thymol/γ-muurolene
and
germacrene-D/β-caryophyllene/γ-muurolene. In the case of T. pulegioides, we have
shown for the first time the high ratio of thymol and carvacrol within the same
essential oil as well as other chemotypes accumulating high proportions of either
thymol, methylether, spathulenol or γ-muurolene. Moreover, we have also pointed
out the role of sesquiterpenes in the formation of chemotypes. Correlations have
also been proven between ecological circumstances and chemotypes patterns.
Among optimal environmental conditions (humid mountain climate), the presence of
monoterpene phenolic or lemon scented chemotypes could be determined, while on
exposed rock surfaces, the dominance of sesquiterpenes and lower level of volatiles
became prevalent. Regarding plant communities, the volatile oil content was lower
and the linalool ratio was higher in a steppe slope than in the neighbouring mountain
hayfields (near Sovata, Transylvania).
Our work was supported by the TAMOP-4.2.1/B-09/1/KMR-2010-0005 project and
by the Bolyai Found of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (2008-2011).
22
O-12 - Chemical composition of Phyteuma orbiculare, a
forgotten food plant of Valais
Christian Abbet1, Ivan Slacanin2, Matthias Hamburger1, Olivier
Potterat1
1
Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
2
Ilis Institute & Laboratory, CH-2503 Bienne, Switzerland
Numerous wild plants have been used in the past by the local Alpine population as
foods. Most of these have fallen into oblivion, and very little is known about their
constituents and biological properties. In this context, we initiated a project to
shortlist forgotten plants which could potentially be taken into cultivation and reestablished as food plants with interesting gustatory properties and a
phytochemical composition which might have beneficial effects on health. Based
on an ethnobotanical survey in the lower Valais region and considerations
concerning the feasibility of large scale cultivation, the round-headed rampion
(Phyteuma orbiculare L., Campanulaceae), which was eaten in the past as a salad,
had been selected for in depth phytochemical investigation. Different extracts of
the aerial parts were submitted to a comprehensive metabolite profiling using a
combination of TLC, HPLC-UV, HPLC-MS and off-line microprobe NMR analyses.
Various secondary metabolites including saponins, phytosterols, flavonoids and
phenylpropanoids were unambiguously identified in the aerial parts of P.
orbiculare. Among the isolated compounds, two saponins and a sinapoyl glucoside
derivative proved to be new natural products. In addition, nutrition relevant
substances such as fatty acids, lipophilic and hydrophilic vitamins, minerals and carotene were quantified using validated analytical procedures. Analysis of leaves
and flowers collected near Orsières (VS) revealed an interesting fatty acid profile
with a very high percentage of -linolenic acid (18:3ω3). Further investigations on
samples collected at different locations and at various vegetation stages are
scheduled.
23
O-13 - Assessment of genetic diversity in Iranian wild
Mentha aquatica populations using RAPD marker
Mohsen Kazemi, Mehdi Aran
Mentha aquatica is one of the most important medicinal plants. The first step for
breeding purposes is to determine the genetic variation. There are various
accessions of this plant in Iran; however, no comprehensive study to fully
understand it has ever been carried out. In this study, the genetic diversity of 51
Iranian wild populations of Mentha aquatica has been evaluated with random
amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fresh leaves of seedlings from each
population were used for genomic DNA extraction. Cluster analysis of the
genotypes was performed using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and UPGMA method
and as a result 51 samples of Iranian Mentha aquatica were divided into 13 groups.
The least and highest similarity coefficient were 0.21 and 0.79 respectively. 20
primers were used that produced 240 bands. Among them 230 (94.94%) bands
were polymorphic and 10 (5.06%) were monomorphic. The obtained dendrograms
and groups showed that the applied markers in the research could distinguish the
Mentha aquatica sample properly. Finally, investigation of genetic variation on this
species indicated that RAPD marker is suitable approach to determine the
polymorphic loci and to estimate the genetic distance between the populations of
the species.
24
O-14 - Domestication and breeding of wild medicinal and
aromatic plants – 30 years of experience in Israel
N. Dudai
Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Israel
There are many traditional medicinal and aromatic plants endemic to the Levant. The
important climatic variations in Israel, in a relatively small area, create a wide range of
natural habitats and high biodiversity of wild plants. The increased demand by industry for
uniform and high quality raw material, along with the modern developments having the
consequence that fewer and fewer people still collect plants from the wild, and that some
of the wild species plants are protected, has necessitated the cultivation of various species.
This shortage of raw material has encouraged seed companies, researchers and farmers to
select cultivars that could substitute for the raw material that once came from the wild.
The first step in the domestication and breeding of wild plants is a survey of their
dispersion according to existing distribution databases. Seed or vegetative propagation
material of the target crops are collected systematically representative of their natural
diversity, and are grown in experimental fields in the Newe Ya’ar Research Center under
intensive conditions - irrigation, fertilization and several harvests per year. Selection of
new cultivars is somewhat different if the plant is annual or perennial and depends on the
propagation methods as well. With annual species, propagation normally is done by seeds
but with perennial species it could be done also by cuttings. Some of the most important
annual aromatic species come from the Umbelliferae family (caraway, coriander, dill, etc,)
but also from other families' such as the - Labiatae (basil), Fabaceae (fenugreek),
Brassicaceae (mustard) and Compositae (chamomile). In breeding a new cultivar single
plants with high performance (yield and quality) are selected from as many sources as
possible. These single plants are tested in the same soil and climate conditions that later
on will be the place of commercial production. The next step is to produce "families", by
self-pollination, from each one of the selected plants, and again to choose only the best
ones during 4 to 7 generations until a uniform line is obtained. Thus a new cultivar is
"born". In perennial species, if there is a possibility of using vegetative propagation, the
selection time could be shorter. The selected plants can be tested in plots after they are
propagated by cuttings, as is necessary - before commercialization. This method has been
used for oregano, thyme, onion, artemisia and others. Hybridization can be conducted
through artificial crossing when the selection process alone does not produce a variety
that has all the characteristics that are needed for commercial production. The next areas
of study are physiology, the effects of environmental factors, and optimization of agrotechnical methods of the selected varieties.
25
O-15 - Rhodiola rosea L. 'Mattmark', the first synthetic
variety is launched in Switzerland
José F. Vouillamoz, Claude-Alain Carron, Catherine A. Baroffio,
Christoph Carlen
Agroscope Station de recherche Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW,
Département de recherche en production et protection des cultures en
régions alpines / cultures sous serre, Centre de Recherche Conthey, Suisse
Rhodiola rosea L., called Golden Root or Roseroot, is an adaptogenic medicinal
plant from alpine and arctic regions that is known to reduce stress, trauma, anxiety
and fatigue. The main active compounds are salidroside and rosavins (rosarin,
rosavin, rovin). Five populations from the Swiss Alps were screened for their
salidroside and rosavins contents. With an average production of 2.89 % (± 1,2)
salidroside and 2.0 % (± 0,75) rosavins and an average dry weight of 99g/plant in
the fourth year, the population in Mattmark (Saas Fee, Valais) near the famous
Matterhorn turned out to be the most productive and vigorous. The best plants
were selected and a random polycross was performed to produce seeds of
‘Mattmark’, the first synthetic variety of Rhodiola rosea. With the pauperization of
natural populations of Rhodiola rosea worldwide to fulfill the demand for raw
material for pharma-industries, domestication and selection of this plant will
become a crucial issue in order to conserve natural populations, particularly in
Russia and Mongolia.
26
O-16 - Regeneration and multiplication of MAPs genetic
resources by using technical isolation and controlled
pollination
K. Dusek, E. Duskova, I. Dolezalova
Center of Applied Research of Vegetables and Special Crops of the CRI,
Czech Republic
Germplasm collection of MAPs maintained at the Department of Genetic Resources
for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants in Olomouc comprises about 1000
accessions. The majority of species are allogamous and insect-pollinated. The
important part of collection represent accessions collected from natural localities of
the Czech Republic, mainly from mountain and submountain meadows. They are
genera Origanum, Betonica, Plantago, Agrimonia, Hypericum, Thymus, Digitalis, which
represent valuable sources for biodiversity conservation and potential materials for
researchers and breeders. The gene bank collection of MAPs includes original seed
samples as well as accessions multiplied following the international standards. The
sample size collected in expeditions varies with respect to abundance of populations
and their preservation in natural habitats, thus there is a need for professional
multiplication under ex-situ conditions. Multiplication and controlled pollination is
needed for acquisition of good-quality seed set (conservation of specific species
genotypes, seed set identity and high germination rate). Two types of pollinators have
been tested during two vegetative periods: honey-bees (Apis mellifera L.) and bumblebees (Bombus terrestris L.). Quantity and quality of seed set were assessed in two
model species, oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and wood betony (Betonica officinalis
L.). The results obtained with B. officinalis showed that the highest yield of seed set
was recorded in plants pollinated by bumble-bees (1.49 g/plant), while plants
pollinated by honey-bees showed 1.25 g/plant and in open-pollinated plants (control)
0.38 g/plant. The highest weight of 1000 seeds was observed in plants pollinated by
honey-bees (1.15 g), followed by open-pollinated plants 1.0 g and plants pollinated by
bumble-bees 0.81 g. The germination of seeds was about 9 % in both pollinators
(bumble-bees 9.75%, honey-bees 9.60%) and control 8.65%. The long-lasting
experiences with seed production under controlled pollination have been exploited in
the genetic resources management, in practical breeding, seed production and
sustainable restoration of countryside (acquisition of seed set for species-rich
meadows).
27
O-17 - Attempts to domesticate Primula veris L.: genetic
resources and selection
Chlodwig Franz, Dieter Boehme, Leo Draxler, Irina Goehler,
Johannes Novak
Institute for Applied Botany and Pharmacognosy, University of Veterinary
Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerpl. 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
In contrast to the cultivated ornamentals of the genus Primula, the medicinally
used flowers and roots of P. veris traded in the international herbal market are
almost all gathered from wild populations in mountainous regions in South-East
Europe and Asia. Attempts of our group to cultivate this species especially for
medicinal and nutraceutical purposes started on one side from an ornamental
variety used for “wild flower mixtures”. On the other side, we performed a
‘transsect’ of the species in the 1990s starting from Germany and Austria
throughout former Yugoslavia until Greece. A high number of spontaneous growing
sites was localized and registered by GPS coordinates to find the individual plants
again after phytochemical analysis of the flowers. Seeds could be collected from
the marked plants to establish a germplasm collection. The generally low
germination rate of wild P.-veris-seeds (20 – 40% only) could remarkably be
improved to approx. 80% by treating them with gibberellic acid (GA3) and
additionally a cold phase below 0°C in the second week after GA3 treatment. In
addition, infections by Alternaria sp., Cladosposium sp. and Fusarium sp. could be
controlled by H2O2 and fungicide application. The most important step in
domestication of P. veris was a selection program performed to improve flower
yield and quality, and a marker assisted program was developed. By repeated
single plant selection the number of flower stems and umbels resp. could be
increased from less than 10 to more than 20/plant, and simultaneously a uniform
stem length and narrow flowering period could be achieved. As regards the
phytochemical fingerprint (flavonoid pattern), there was no specific difference
between the accessions: each chemotype could be identified in every population.
For pharmaceutical purposes, a minimum and maximum content of flavonoids is
requested by the registration authorities, but not for nutraceuticals or similar
products. The mentioned topics improved the quality, uniformity and last not least
the economy of P. veris cultivation remarkably. Nevertheless, the market relies
upon both sources, cultivated as well as wild collected material.
28
O-18 - Development of extraction and rapid analytical
methods for the selection of medicinal plants
Ivan Slacanin
ILIS, Chemin de la Passerelle 17, CH-2503 Bienne, Switzerland
Agrobotanical work, as in the selection of medicinal plants, requires a large number
of phytochemical analyses. To meet these requirements, it is necessary to develop
suitable extraction and analytical methods for the rapid extraction and analysis of
plants. An example of the development of an efficient and rapid method is
described here for Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), Huperzia selago (Licopodiaceae),
Leontopodium alpinum (Asteraceae) and Thymus sp. (Labiateae). The first essential
step for the analysis of plant material is the sample preparation. To compare the
efficacy of the various methods, four different extraction procedures were selected
(maceration, ultrasonic bath, extraction under reflux and ASE) and the extracted
amounts of analytes were compared. Methanol at four different concentrations
(50, 80, 90 and 100%) was selected as the extraction solvent. For the analysis of
essential oils in Thymus sp., the SPME and the HS techniques are used for rapid
extraction before analysis by GC/FID and GC/MS. For the analysis of the extracts,
many different HPLC conditions have been used. In general, the use of acetonitrile,
methanol and water at different concentrations, with or without addition of
phosphoric, acetic or formic acids, is reported as the mobile phase. A rise of the
baseline was observed in the chromatograms produced by the analysis of the
compounds in the extracts of Rhodiola roots. The presence of interfering
substances (i.e. tannins) was assumed to cause this problem, and different
preparation methods were used to lower the base line. Using the long experience
of the ILIS laboratory, the protocol of a first HPLC method was tested for
semiquantitative analyses of the different extracts. Based on these conditions, a
new method was developed to allow rapid quantitative analysis, with a run time of
5 min. Finally, the total time for preparation and HPLC analysis was less than 15
min. Several hundred samples of Rhodiola rosea roots were analyzed for the
purpose of selection.
29
O-19 - Genetic diversity of Finnish Rhodiola rosea
populations based on ISSR analysis
Zsuzsanna György1, Emese Derzsó1, Bertalan Galambosi2,
Andrzej Pedryc1
1
2
BCE Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Budapest
Agricultural Research Institute, Mikkeli, Finland
Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae) is a traditional adaptogenic medicinal plant. The
Asian, Eastern-European and Scandinavian people have used it for centuries as
general immune-stimulant. The pharmacologically most important secondary
metabolites accumulating in the roots and rhizome are cinnamyl alcohol glycosides
(rosin, rosavin and rosarin) and the phenol glycoside salidroside. Several studies
have described that the species show big diversity in morphological characteristics
furthermore according to several experiments not only the age of the plant and the
organ but also the geographical origin has influence on the secondary metabolite
profile of roseroot. The aim of our work was to compare Finnish populations.
Roseroot is living in the northern parts of Finland, around the 69°latitude. We
examined eight habitats, of which six is found around Kilpisjärvi (500 m elevation)
and two is on the Halti hill (1000 m elevation). Young plants were collected in 2003.
Between 2003 and 2007 the plants were cultivated on find sandy till, in beds
covered with black foil in Mikkeli roughly 1000 km to the south (61°latitude, 104 m
elevation). The plants have been cultivated for 5 years, and were evaluated in the
spring of 2009. Six individuals were selected from all populations. The roots and
rhizomes have been morphologically described. Also we examined the inter- and
intrapopulation variability by the use of ISSR markers. The average active agent
content (rosin, rosavin, rosarin, salidroside) of the populations was also measured,
and the variability of the secondary metabolite content was confronted with the
results of the ISSR analysis.
30
O-21 - Optimising the cultivation and harvesting of
medicinal and aromatic plants from mountainous areas
to achieve stable yield and high quality
Christoph Carlen1,2, Claude-Alain Carron1, Xavier Simonnet2
1
Agroscope Changins-Wädesnwil Research Station ACW, 1964 Conthey,
Switzerland
2
Mediplant, 1964 Conthey, Switzerland
With the increasing demand for medicinal, aromatic and nutraceutical plants from
mountainous regions, cultivation of medicinal plants has become more and more
important. Plant-breeding, as well as the development of the best cultivation practices
for the selected cultivars improve both agronomic and phytochemical traits in order to
stabilise yield and increase quality. The example of the genepi (Artemisia umbelliformis
Lam.), a plant mainly used in the liquor production due to the essential oil (aromatic
compounds) and costunolide (bitter compound) contents in the flower trusses, shows
the importance of optimising the cultivation procedures: determing the best seed
germination conditions, planting schemes, fertilisation treatments, pests and diseases
control methods, harvest periods and drying techniques, as well as defining best soil
and climat conditions. For A. Umbelliformis, a very important issue that strongly
influences yield and quality of the flower trusses is the harvest period. The yield of
flower trusses doubled between the beginning and the end of the flowering period,
reaching up to 0.1 kg dry weight per m2. Harvesting from the full flowering onwards
results in higher yields. In contrast to the yield evolution, the contents of essential oil
and costunolide in the flower trusses of A. umbelliformis drastically decreased from
the beginning to the end of flowering. At the beginning of flowering, the essential oil
content of the cultivar ‘RAC 12’ exceeded 1.5 %. Seven to nine days later, the essential
oil content had decreased of 30 % in the first year after planting, and of 60 % in the
second one. However, no significant variation in the phytochemical profile was
observed in relation to the harvesting stages. The dynamics of costunolide content is
very similar to that of essential oil, with a maximum at the beginning of flowering and
a quick drop towards full flowering. At its maximal concentration, the costunolide
content was very high with nearly 3%. In conclusion, harvesting of A. umbelliformis at
the beginning of flowering is recommended to guarantee a product of high quality.
31
O-22 - Experimental activity carried out on Golden root
(Rhodiola rosea L.) in the province of Trento
Nicola Aiello1, Fabrizio Scartezzini1, Carla Vender1, Francesca
Cangi2, Sara Mercati2, Sergio Fulceri2
1
Agricultural Research Council, Forest Monitoring and Management
Research Unit (CRA-MPF), Piazza Nicolini, 6 - 38123 Trento, Italy
2
Laboratorio Controllo Qualità, Gruppo Aboca –Planta medica, Aboca
S.p.a. Via della Libertà 37/ter - 06010 Pistrino di Citerna (PG), Italy
Rhodiola rosea L. (golden root) is a perennial, herbaceous plant belonging to the
Crassulaceae family. Its name does not refer to the colour of the flowers, but to the
rose smell of its root, rich in active compounds (phenylpropanoids,
phenylethanoids and terpenes) that are useful to counteract the typical stress of
the contemporary lifestyle. Most Golden root raw material for industrial processing
comes from wild collecting from the Altai area of Southern Siberia, but this species
grows in most parts of the Alpine range, and it is quite common in the Eastern Alps
of Trento province. Within the project “PARMA” (Piante Alimentari, aRromatiche e
Medicinali Alpine) funded by the Autonomous Province of Trentino during the
period 2004 –2008, the seeds of five Alpine accessions of Golden root were
collected and with the seedlings obtained various experimental trials were carried
out in the province of Trentino with the aim to compare the effects of different
field management and altitudes. During the cropping period, the main
morphological parameters were recorded (n° of stems, stem length etc.) and after
three or four years of cultivation the rhizomes and roots yield was determined and
the qualitative analysis of the main constituents was performed by HPLC.
32
O-23 - Sustainable production of Arnica montana L. in
the Catalan Pyrenees (NE Spain): wild harvesting or
cultivation?
R. Melero, E. Moré, I. Vázquez, R. Cristóbal, M. Fanlo
Forest Sciences Center of Catalonia (CTFC), Ctra. De St. Llorenç de
Morunys, km. 2, E-25280 SOLSONA (Spain)
During 2009, an assessment of the potential production of arnica (Arnica montana
L.) in the Catalan Pyrenees (NE Spain) was conducted. The study was focused in the
peripheral protected area of the Estany de Sant Maurici i Aigüestortes National
Park (26733 ha), where the species grows naturally. For the development of an
economic activity related to arnica production in the area, two options were
considered: wild harvesting or cultivation. Their potentialities and limitations were
examined: resource density in the wild (flowering plants/ha), current demand of
arnica flower caps in the national market, legal constraints, cultivation
requirements and socio-economy of the area. Our results confirm that wild arnica
can often be found in Aigüestortes, but with a scattered distribution, growing in
small areas of less than 1.4 ha. In these areas, the resource density was 490
flowering plants per hectare with 1-3 flower caps per plant (85% of plants with 1
flower cap). Arnica is listed in the Annex V of the Habitats Directive, meaning that
sustainability of wild harvesting has to be guaranteed. Considering the resource
level in Aigüestortes, sustainable wild collection can be ruled out, since the
estimated yield was 70.5 g/ha of dry flowers, if following the recommended
sustainable wild harvesting methods. The consumption in the Spanish market was
estimated in 1266 kg dry flowers/year. Arnica cultivation in small fields could be
the alternative for supplying this demand and also it is adaptable to the current
agriculture of the area, which is based on livestock pasturages. Since local
genotypes showed a good quality with 0.72-1.11% sesquiterpene lactones (0.4% is
the minimum content required by the European Pharmacopoeia) and a good
germination rate (79% in 28 days without pre-treatment), their cultivation is
encouraged.
33
O-24 - Sustainable harvest practices of Haplopappus
taeda, a medicinal plant from the Andean mountains
Hermine Vogel, Ursula Doll, Benita González
University of Talca, Chile
Haplopappus taeda is one of the resinous Haplopappus species traditionally used in
Chile as a digestive herb called “bailahuén”. It is endemic to the mountain areas
over 1300 m above sea level at latitude 35°S. Wild collectors often eradicate the
whole shrub or cut the woody branches at soil level. To study whether these
harvesting practices are sustainable, we marked wild plants in an area with
restricted access and submitted them to different harvesting levels: cutting all
branches at soil level, or cutting 100%, 80% or 50% of the leafy tips of the branches.
Plants were monitored over two years and compared with non-harvested plants.
The average aerial biomass of a wild plant reached about 0.6 kg dry weight, 235 g
being green resinous leaves. 60% of the individuals cut at soil level did not re-grow
at all, whereas the remaining 40% showed only half the number of branches after
one year and 88% after two years. Even when cutting only 80% of the green tips
after two years the number of branches was reduced to 80% compared with the
control treatment. When harvesting all green parts, each branch developed in the
following year about 11 leaves, whereas in the treatments with some of the leaves
left, the number of leaves present reached between 16 and 17. In the second
season these differences were no longer significant. We consider as sustainable
“wild-crafting” the level where the biomass of the harvested plants did not differ
significantly from the non-harvested plants after one growing season. This
condition was only achieved in the treatments where 50% of the leafy tips were
cut.
34
O-25 - Incidence under real conditions of altitude on the
development and properties of Leontopodium alpinum
Cass.
X. Simonnet1, M. Quennoz1, N. Marcon2, S. Schwaiger3, H.
Stuppner3, A.F. Grogg2
1
Mediplant, CH-1964 Conthey, Switzerland
Institut Life Technologies, HES-SO Valais,CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
3
Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmakognosie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain
52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
2
Numerous exogenous factors such as environmental parameters including UV
radiation, harvest date, damages caused by pests as well as competition with other
individuals or species could influence the amount of secondary metabolites in plant
tissue. The altitude of the growing site is a factor rarely assessed. It is a difficult
parameter to dissociate as it involves also many environmental factors like
precipitation, soil composition, temperature, wind speed, sunshine. On the other
hand the genetic variability of the studied species has to be taken in account. The
aim of this study was to investigate the effect of altitude on both the growth and the
phytochemistry of edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum Cass.) by controlling soil
composition and plant genetics. No such study has been performed previously. Two
edelweiss genotypes were planted in pots containing identical substrate and were
grown on an altitudinal transect from 500 m to 2400 m a.s.l in central Valais,
Switzerland. The plants were harvested in 2005 and 2006. Low or high altitudes (up
to 2000 m a.s.l.) did not affect the vigour and productivity of this alpine species.
Among the compounds measured, only chlorogenic acid concentration in leaves and
bracts changed with altitude. The EC50 values, representing the redox properties of
leaves extracts were obtained by means of standard colorimetric tests (antioxidant
power: iron 2,4,6-trispyridyltriazine complex & radical scavenging power:
diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical). No correlation with altitude was shown. However,
redox properties varied from simple to double according to the site. These results
suggest that the growing site (influence of temperature and precipitation) have more
influence than the altitude (UV radiation influence) on plant stress induction and
therefore on the active compounds content.
35
O-26 - In vitro cultivation of Alchemilla mollis (Rosaceae)
in Bulgaria
Marina Stanilova, Rossen Gorgorov, Antonina Vitkova
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences
23, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia
Alchemilla mollis is a high-mountain medicinal plant, critically endangered species
for the territory of Bulgaria. The only known population of the species is situated in
the Central Balkan National Park. The above-ground parts and rhizomes of the
plant are used for skin epithelium regeneration and as styptic and antiinflammatory agents. Recent studies have shown that the species successfully
develops in ex situ collections under different environmental conditions in Sofia
plain, Vitosha Mt. and the Rhodopes Mts. The aim of this study is the conservation
and sustainable use of A. mollis through the application of biotechnological
methods for in vitro cultivation. Different techniques for in vitro cultivation were
studied in order to elaborate a protocol for rapid micropropagation of the species.
Culture was initiated by seed germination on MS-based agar medium containing 3
mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l α-NAA, at 23±2ºC and 16 h light daily. The removal of the
seedlings’ roots stimulated formation of shoot clusters. Plantlets were
consecutively sub-cultured every three mounts by separation of the new shoots
providing a progressively enhanced propagation coefficient of 1.9, 2.5, and 6.1
shoots per explant. Additional increase of the multiplication effectiveness was
achieved in liquid culture with the same composition, which led to formation of
enormous clusters of up to 36 shoots within 6 weeks; however, some of the shoots
were puny and needed to strengthen on agar medium. The best micropropagation
efficiency was achieved by the use of temporary immersion system RITA®. Cluster
development was shortened, and about 28% of all shoots were arranged in threads
similar to rhizomes. Rooting during the next passage on agar medium occurred also
faster, moreover, roots developed trichomes, which facilitated the ex vitro
adaptation in a soil mix.
36
O-27 - Establishment of callus cultures of Rhodiola rosea
Bulgarian ecotype
K. Tasheva, G. Kosturkova
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Physiology and
Genetics, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Rhodiola rosea L., roseroot (Golden root or Arctic root), is an herbaceous perennial
plant of the family Crassulaceae. Rhodiola radix and rhizome is a multipurpose
medicinal herb with antidepressant, anticancer, cardio protective and central
nervous system stimulating effects. Aiming at callus induction, leaves excised from
in vitro micropropagated Rhodiola rosea plants were placed on 18 variants of
nutritious media containing MS basic medium supplement with BAP, 2-ip, kinetin,
2,4-D, IAA, NAA, casein hydrolysate and glutamine in various combination and
concentrations. The highest response to formation of callus (62.85 % and 73.17 %)
was observed on two media - containing 1 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l or 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D.
These two combinations of plant growth regulators proved less efficient when 1 g/l
casein hydrolysate was added. Callogenesis was not observed in any of the variants
containing 2-ip and most of the variants containing NAA. Callus growth rate and
tissue characteristics varied depending on the culture media composition with a
tendency of positive correlation between callus induction efficiency and callus
growth in most of the variants. BAP in concentration of 1 mg/l favoured fast
growing compact tissue with grain structure easy to be maintained. Callus growth
continued for more than 6 months being subcultured each 20 days on the same
initial medium. In the present pioneer study optimal combinations and
concentrations of phyto-regulators were determined for efficient induction and
maintaining of callus amenable for long-term cultivation allowing accumulation of
biomass and biochemical analysis of valuable secondary metabolites.
37
O-28 - From alpine plant to natural bioactives: a long
way riddled with pitfalls
François Paul
Head Plant Alpaflor, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Branch Pentapharm
Usine Alpaflor, Ch. Saint-Marc, 5, CH-1896 VOUVRY
Nature contains a source of infinite inspiration of raw materials potentially
interesting for beauty care. Before being suggested to the cosmetic industry, these
raw materials have to go through a more and more small and sophisticated riddle.
This process will be illustrated with the development of some organic active
ingredients from alpine plants: Edelweiss, alpine willow herb, alpine skullcap, etc.
This riddle is performed through the following steps:
 Plant choice: our goal is to develop plants from alpine flora which have a
high content of secondary metabolites. The large choice among 4’500
species is done according to bibliographic, scientific, ethnobotanic, safety,
economic and marketing criteria.
 Natural and organic plant cultivation: organic certified plants assuring
protection of the biodiversity, sustainability and fair trade. We can
guarantee a total traceability from seeds to the final active ingredients.
 Phytochemical knowledge of the plant: identification of active components
by bioguided fractionation of raw extracts. The specific parts of the plant are
harvested at the point when they contain the highest concentration of
active compounds.
 Natural extraction and formulation with their restrictions: standardized and
organic certified extracts according to Ecocert® and NATRUE requirements.
 Safety assessment: efficacy vs. safety, more and more safety tests are
required.
 Objectives: in vitro and in vivo assays are performed in order to finally
obtain natural bioactive of scientifically proven effectiveness for personal
care.
38
O-29 - Targets of medicinal plant extracts and isolated
phytochemicals in human cells
V. Fong, N. Aftab, A. Vieira
Nutrition Research Laboratory, K9625, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby,
BC, Canada V5A 1S6
As a common initial step in ethnopharmacology, plants with purported medicinal
activity are typically analyzed in experimental disease models; for example, plant
extracts and isolated phytochemicals (or their metabolites) are tested for activities
in terms of modulating physiological parameters in animal models, functions of
human cells, or specific in vitro biochemical reactions. In more random screening of
large numbers of plants for a given biological activity, high-throughput biochemical
and cellular assays are most commonly used. We have been working on developing
several such assays, and two categories of these will be detailed in this
presentation. (1) Screening assays have been developed for potentially
neuroprotective effects of medicinal plants (extracts, and isolated phytochemicals)
based on assessment of the cellular pro-oxidative actions of neurotoxic, misfolded
and aggregated proteins involved in some hereditary human amyloidogenic
diseases. This assay can be used for screening plants or their isolated
phytochemicals, especially those with purported neuroprotective actions. Initial
data will be presented for a component of Picrorhiza kurroa, Royle ex Benth.
(Scrophulariaceae), a Himalayan alpine plant. (2) High throughput screens have
also been developed for plants extracts that may potentially modulate human cell
membrane structure and function, with a focus on the functional parameter of
endocytic transport. These parameters are fundamental to the function of most
cells, and their modulation as measured in these assays may have physiological and
pathological consequences in the context of diseases such as cancer and
atherosclerosis. This work is ongoing; and the latest results regarding the plants
and phytochemicals with major activities will be presented. (3) We are also working
in a third area of medicinal plant analysis with potential relevance to a wide range
of chronic human diseases: modulation of cellular epigenetic programs. A brief
review of this revolutionary and relatively new field of research, and of related
screening strategies, will be presented.
39
O-30 - Bioactive compounds and health-promoting
capacity of some Caucasian endemic and rare medicinal
plants
Artur Manukyan
Center of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich,
Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
Despite the growth of the synthetic medicine production, there is a growing
demand for herbal remedies for the world market. At the same time, in the last
decades there has been a sharp increase of anthropogenic influence on the flora;
particularly some rare and endangered herbs are more and more collected from
wild population in many regions of the world, also in Caucasian region, for local
demand and export. The Caucasus is one of the richest and most threatened
mountainous reservoirs of plant and animal life on Earth. The aim of this work is to
study the content, the composition of biologically active compounds (essential oils,
carotenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids and dianthrone derivatives) and their
antioxidative capacity, as well as the lipid peroxidation potential of different eco
races of some Caucasian endemic, rare, endangered and valuable medicinal plants thyme (Thymus transcaucasicus), St John's-wort (Hypericum eleonorae) and
knapweed (Centaurea hajastana). The metabolite profiles of these herbs were
analyzed by GC/MS and HPLC. Bioactive compounds were quantified and their
health-promoting properties were analyzed in bioassays. It was shown that the
content, composition, antioxidative activity and lipid peroxidation potential of
studied biologically active compounds significantly depends on plant provenances
(eco races). Such research can provide new important knowledge about the
bioactive compounds and their pharmacological effects of the most promising
provenances of selected Caucasian endemic and rare species. It can also make
significant contribution in discovering new effective drugs.
40
O-31 - Bioautographic screening of plant extracts for
medicinal, nutritional or cosmetic use by HPTLC:
antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition
Evelyn Wolfram, Daniela Spriano, Beat Meier
Zürcher Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW), Institut für
Biotechnologie, Fachgruppe Phytopharmazie, Wädenswil, Schweiz
Thin Layer Chromatography has since its invention 1938 a long tradition as a
method for identification and characterization of plant raw materials and extracts.
Since HPTLC uses in most cases a postchromatographic derivatization for optimal
optic detection of the separated natural substances, researchers began also to use
derivatization techniques for activity testing of the separated substances. These
methods on the basis of planar chromatography are called bioautography methods.
The evidence of bioactivity is an important criterion for the commercial use of
natural substances and extracts not only in the pharmaceutical but also the
nutraceutical and cosmetic field. The availability of rapid screening tools in the
early stages of the development process is very valuable for an efficient selection
process for new and innovative ingredient candidates from natural sources.
Starting from culturing and breeding of medicinal and aromatic plant material, such
assays could be used to optimize for high activity in raw material production as well
as in the extraction as well as fractionation steps. The proposed oral paper will give
an introduction to bioautographic assays on the basis of HPTLC for pharmaceutical,
nutritional and cosmetic use and present results on latest developments of such
assays at the Research Group Phytopharmacy at the Zürcher Fachhochschule für
angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW). The wide applicability to the agricultural as
well as phytochemical part of product development projects from medicinal and
aromatic plants will offer participants from academics and industry an insight in an
alternative tool for activity detection.
41
O-32 - The microbiological quality of commercial
medicinal herbs, extracts, and tea bags in Iran
R. Vali Asil1, M. Bahreini2, F. Oroojalian2 and M. Azizi1
1
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2
Medicinal plants may be exposed to a wide range of microbial contamination
during pre- and post-harvest stages and they can present high microbial counts. In
this study, we have analyzed the microbial quality of 44 samples of herbs namely:
Mint (Mentha sp.), Balm (Melissa officinalis), Summer savory (Satureja hortensis),
Iranian Thyme ( Zataria multiflora), Valerian (Valeriana wallichii) and the tea bags.
The samples were collected from traditional herbal shops. Bacterial contamination
of the samples was evaluated using Baird-Parker agar (BP), Tryptone Bile X-Gluc
(TBX), Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBL), and Violet Red Bile Glucose (VRBG) used for the
selective isolation and enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli sp., coliform
bacteria, and Enterobacteriacea respectively. Furthermore Xylose lysine
deoxycholate agar (XLD) and Bismuth Sulfite Agar (BSA) were used for the
detection of Salmonella sp. Fungal and mold contamination was assessed using
yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar. The results was shown detecting a
contamination of the samples with total count (100%) and Enterobacteriacea
(85%), total coliform (83%), mold & yeast (98%) and E. coli sp. (2.27). The analysis
from herbs showed that the percentage of contamination was 56.81% in both
microbiological values. Pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella
sp., from tea bag and herbs were not detected. Water and hydro-alcoholic extract
showed a lower microbial load in comparison to dry herb. In conclusion the highest
and the lowest contamination were observed in valerian and Iranian Thyme,
respectively and therefore selection of a suitable disinfestations method before
using the herb in traditional medicine recommended.
42
O-33 - Post harvest treatment of Rhodiola rosea
M.G. Thomsen, B. Galambosi, Z. Galambosi, M. Uusitalo, A.
Heinonen
Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Norway
The cultivation of Rhodiola rosea faces a number of challenges. It is a slow growing
species that reaches its maximum production in biomass and content of active
metabolites after approximately 5-6 years of cultivation. Cultivated plants develop
more rapidly than wild growing plants, and five year old cultivated plants have
been found to yield the same weight and content of active metabolites as 30 – 50
years old wild growing plants in the Moscow region. To obtain the highest quality
of cultivated plants, harvesting is recommended after 4-6 years. Post harvest
processing of the roots involves washing, division and drying, and may affect the
content of active metabolites in the roots, so that the risk of fermentation after
division is high. A limited number of data is available concerning the optimum
harvest time and drying temperature of Rhodiola rosea. The aim of the present
experiments was therefore to obtain more detailed data for optimizing the harvest
time and drying temperature of fresh roots of Rhodiola rosea in North-Europe at
the Nordic latitude of 60-66 º N. The results showed that Rhodiola rosea had 21 %
higher content of total rosavins from spring to full flowering compared to the
period from seedset to wilting. However, the rhizome also showed an increase of
69% in dry weight during the last half of the growing season. Drying temperature
affected the content of total rosavins which was significantly higher at drying
temperatures up to 50˚C (p<0,05). After one year of storage, the content of total
rosavins was slightly but significantly reduced, especially if dried at higher
temperatures (p = 0,05).
43
O-34 - Agrorefinery concept applied to medieval
aromatic plants from mountainous area: the case of
great calamint (Calamintha Grandiflora)
Thierry Talou1, Diana Dobravalskyte1,2, Chaker El Kalamouni1,
Christine Raynaud1, Rimantas Venskutonis2
1
Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSIACET, Laboratoire de Chimie Agroindustrielle UMR 1010 INRA-INP, 4 Allée Emile Monso FR-31030 Toulouse
2
Kaunas Technology University, Department Food Science, Radvilenu pl 19
LT-50254 Kaunas
Aubrac Tea aka Great Calamint (Calamintha grandiflora), belonging to the Lamiaceae
family, is a perennial herb having a strong and penetrating mint odour which was
presently famous for its use as a condiment in French “Nouvelle Cuisine” by Michelin
three stars cook Michel Bras. Labelled as medieval (forgotten) aromatic plant, great
calamint is grown in fir tree and beech forests in the Aubrac mountains at 1500 meters
elevation (southern Massif Central of France) as well as in Lithuanian land fields (150
meters elevation). The agro refinery concept, i.e. valorisation of entire plants by
sequential extractions of molecules of interest while not penalizing the subsequent
valorisation of residual by-products as biosourced molecules (antioxidant or biocides
ones), is based on the Green Chemistry concept and fits the requirements of Sustainable
Agriculture. In the framework of the AROMATIC program, great calamint was selected as
model plant for application of agro refinery concept to aromatic plants. First, essential
oils and aromatic extracts of French and Lithuanian great calamints were extracted by
hydrodistillation from leaves, flowers and roots. Chemical constituents were
characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Then, in order to study the chemical potential of
by-products, the residues obtained after hydrodistillation were separated into liquid and
solid fractions. The solid fraction was dried and then extracted in cascade with acetone,
methanol and ethanol, while the liquid fraction (aromatic waters) was freeze-dried and
spray-dried. The antioxidant potential of the different plant extracts, including essential
oils, was evaluated by using different in vitro assays. Two main antioxidant activity tests
were employed: i) assays to evaluate oxidation of fats, oils and other fat containing
foods (Oxipress); ii) assays to evaluate radical scavenging activity in model systems
(DPPH, ABTS, FRAP). The antioxidant activities were expressed as gallic acid equivalents
(GAE) to standardize these methods and to allow data comparisons.
44
O-35 - PhytoArk, a value-chain project to enhance the
valorization of the alpine plants in Valais
Massimo Nobile
CimArk, Sion, Switzerland
Around 80% of aromatic and medicinal plants grown in the Valais are used in
relatively low added-value food products. This is the main reason why the Valais
aims at implementing a centre of excellence and building a specific network of
academic and industrial expertise to enhance the valorisation of the alpine plants
in high tech products. The goal is to better exploit the potential of the natural
products in markets such as cosmetics, phytopharmaceutics or health-nutrition.
Technological added-value will result in new business opportunities in order to
reinforce SME competitiveness. PhytoArk is a project of the global value chain of
the aromatic and medicinal plants in Switzerland: it builds up a footbridge between
producers, research centres and SMEs (Small and Medium sized Enterprises).
Briefly, PhytoArk sets up a technological platform entirely dedicated to the
extraction and qualification of new alpine plants and their valorisation in new high
added-value products. It offers a toolbox and services to develop new extracts and
active ingredients, develop and optimize new processes of extraction and
purification, and offer specific competences in terms of economic intelligence.
Therefore, PhytoArk would allow each SME to develop projects, from the idea to
the pre-industrial product, by proposing the full set of competences in the field of
natural product valorisation. By creating wealth, business opportunities and
economical development in the Valais, PhytoArk ambitions to become a leader in
the field of the medicinal and aromatic plants at the International level.
45
Posters
Session I :
Genetic resources, botany, phytochemistry
P01-P33
Session II :
Domestication, breeding and molecular
assisted selection
P34-P37
Session III :
Cultivation, plant protection and harvesting
P38-P73
Session IV :
Post harvest treatments: drying, extraction,
product formulation
P74-P78
46
LIST OF POSTERS
No
Title
Submitted Author
Session I : Genetic resources, botany, phytochemistry
P01
P02
P03
Phytochemical study of Lagochilus cabulicus Benth.
Barari
Phytochemical study of Cistus albidus (Cistaceae) in northern
Bendifallah
mountainous region (Algeria)
Effects on the quality and nutritional traits of wood strawberry
D'Anna
fruits in Sicily
Leila
Fabio
P04
HPLC based metabolite profiling of Satureja khuzestanica
P05
Diversity and distribution of medicinal fabaceae in Salta Province,
Etcheverry
Argentina
Angela
Virginia
P06
Conservation and sustainable use of threatened medicinal plant
Evstatieva
Ljuba
Evstatieva
Ljuba
Gali-Muhtasib
Hala
P07
P08
P09
P10
P11
P12
P13
P14
P15
P16
P17
P18
P19
P20
P21
P22
P23
Sesquiterpene lactones contents in multiple in vitro shoots of
three Arnica montana populations
Sesquiterpene lactones from Lebanese plants: identification and
characterization of antitumor mechanisms
Composition of the essential oil of Stachys lavandulifolia vahl
from Central Zagross Mountains
Essential oil from the fruits of Pistachia khinjuk stocks grown in
Bakhtiari Zagross Mountains, Iran
Ethnobotany and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants from
high altitude of Bakhtiari Zagross mountains, Iran
Polyphenol contents and anti-oxidant effects castor
aralia(Kalopanax septemlobus koidz.) leaf extracts in Korea
Medicinal and environmental indicator species of Utricularia
from montane forest of Peninsular Malaysia
Plant genetic resources conservation by cryopreservation
Ebrahimi
Elham
Ghasemi Pirbalouti Abdollah
Han
Jingyu
Haron
Norma Wati
Kaviani Livani
Behzad
Evaluation of genetic diversity of Iranian wild alcea rosea
Kazemi
population using RAPD
Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of some medicinal
Koane
plants in Central African antidiabetic properties.
Phytochemical Investigation of Echinophora cinerea
Wild plants used by the mocheni ethnic minority in the Alps as
food and medicine
Ethnobotanical survey on wild food plants in the lower and
central Valais
Phyteumosides A and B : New saponins with unique triterpenoid
aglycons from Phyteuma orbiculare L.
Database biodiversity conservation of medicinal herbs in SouthEast Rajasthan
Investigation of essential oil percent and essence component in
six Ecological regional of Hymenocrater platystegius Rech.
Comparison of chemical composition & antioxidant activity of the
essential oil of Nepeta menthoides isolated by Hydrodistillation
and Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation
47
Samad
Mohsen
Jean-Noël
Nikan
Marjan
Obon
Concepcion
Potterat
Olivier
Potterat
Olivier
Ram
Avtar
Sabet Teimouri
Mozhgan
Samadi
Mahtab
P24
P25
P27
P28
P29
P30
P31
P32
P33
Comparative study of different populations of oregano
(Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart) found in Sicily
Effect of Mg treatment on the production of Indian tobacco
(Lobelia inflata L.)
Conventional and unconventional techniques for in situ
conservation and capitalization in agrosystems of Veronica
officinalis
In vivo and in vitro phytochemical studies of Arnica montana L.
species from Romanian Eastern Carpathians
Antioxidant activities of Bulgarian Golden root – endangered
medicinal species
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil
from Seseli rhodopeum
Flavonoid glycosides and free radical scavenging activity of two
Bulgarian Alchemilla species
Chorological studies of some medicanal plants from sozological
categories of Romania Fagaras Mountains flora
Quantitative and qualitative performance of two golden root
(Rhodiola rosea L.) accessions grown at different altitude in
Northern Italy
Tuttolomondo
Teresa
Mathe
Akos
Stefanache
Camelia
Paula
Stefanache
Camelia
Paula
Tasheva
Krasimira
Todorova
Milka
Todorova
Milka
Valeriu
Alexiu
Vender
Carla
Session II : Domestication, breeding and molecular assisted selection
P34
P36
P37
Genetic improvement of essence percent and dry flower yield in
Golparvar
German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) populations
Screening of important medicinal herbs for water stress
Thakur
tolerance
Alpine plant extracts: from nature to the lab
Ahmad Reza
Anju
Vouillamoz
José
Aiello
Nicola
Session III : Cultivation, plant protection and harvesting
P38
P39
P40
P41
P42
P43
P44
P45
P46
P47
Cultivation trial of Arnica montana L. wild accessions
Seed germination tests on Arnica montana L. and Rhodiola rosea
Aiello
L. wild populations
The study on the effects of different levels of vermicompost and
plant density on quantitative and qualitative characters of Azizi
evening primrose ( Oenothera biennis L.)
New diseases and pests in medicinal and aromatic plants
Flowers of Medicinal and aromatic plants fertilized by bees in
Algeria mountainous area
Study of phenological stages and factors affecting on
regeneration of Foxtail lilly (Eremurus spectabilis)
Micropropagation of Nepeta nuda L. – Influence of auxins and
cytokinins
Comparison of volatile compounds induced by aphids and
mechanical damage in Achillea collina
Effect of soil in the growth of "Gentiana lutea L. radical system in
north mountains of León (Spain)
Effect of selected Bio-fertilizers on Yield indices and essential oil
of peppermint (Mentha piperita)
48
Nicola
Majid
Baroffio
Catherine
Bendifallah
Leila
Dashti
Majid
Dimitrova
Milena
Giorgi
Annamaria
Gonzalez Lopez
Oscar
Hadavi
Ebrahim
P48
P49
P50
P51
P52
P53
P54
P55
P56
P57
P58
P59
P60
P61
P62
P63
P64
P65
P66
P67
P68
P69
Growth and essential oil yield of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as
affected by foliar sprays of citric acid and salicylic acid
Growth and essential oil yield of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) as
affected by foliar spray of citric acid and malic acid
Effect of Zn fertilization and irrigation on growth parameters and
essential oil content of Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita L.)
Essential oil content and composition of Germander (Teucrium
polium L.) as influenced by harvesting time
Impact of exogenous salicylic acid on some growth parameters,
essential oil content and composition of Anise hyssop (Agastache
foeniculum) plants subjected to drought stress
Adventitious shoot regeneration and harpagoside content of
Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai – A rare endemic medicinal
plant
Direct adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf and petiole
explants of Ajuga multiflora
Occurrence of phytopathogenic fungi on medicinal, aromatic and
nutraceutical plants in mountainous areas of Croatia
Sowing date and plant density effects on blackseed (Nigella
sativa) Yield in Iran
Induction of somatic embryogenesis for plant regeneration in
Polianthes tuberosa
The effect of drought stress and gibberellic acid(GA) on
germination of Thymus daenensis seeds as a medical plant
Hadavi
Ebrahim
Hadavi
Ebrahim
Hassani
Abbas
Hassani
Abbas
Hassani
Abbas
Jeong
Byong Ryong
Jeong
Byong Ryong
Kaliterna
Josko
Madani
Hamid
Mat Taha
Rosna
Mirabdualbaghi
Mitra
Effect of organic matter from different sources on yield of saffron Mohammadzadeh
Photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake during in vitro culture of
Motounu
Arnica montana L.
The restoration of arnica montana phytopopulations from arges
Neblea
county flora using in vitro micropropagation
Germination of Peucedanum ostruthium (Apiaceae)
Some ecophysiological and edaphic parameters of Angelica
archangelica Linn. (Apiaceae), a threatened high altitude
aromatic herb from Romanian Charpathian Mountains
Effect of abiotic factors on accumulation of secondary
metabolites in St. John’s Worth raw material
Effects of Phytohormones on growth phase and histology studies
of in vitro established callus of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle
procured from Himalayan region of Indian subtropics
Modeling the effects of light and GA treatments on seed
germination of Papaver bracteatum L.
Dormancy breaking treatments on eight ecotypes of Bunium
persicum
Effect of light and temperature on growth and active substances
of caraway (Carum carvi L.)
Seed germination behaviour of the endangered medicinal plant
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle
49
Ahmadreza
Monica
Monica
Angela
Novak
Johannes
Popescu
Gheorghe
Cristian
Radusiene
Jolita
Raman
Dang
Saei
Ali
Saeidnejad
Amir
Hossein
Sharafzadeh
Shahram
Simonnet
Xavier
P70
P71
P72
Micropropagation of Rhododendron brachycarpum D. Don
Sivanesan
Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants under agroforestry
Takhur
intervention
Influence of 6-benzylaminopurine and indole-3-butyric acid on in
vitro propagation and secondary metabolites accumulation in Yordanova
Lamium album L. from Lozen mountain
P73
Achillea collina ‘Spak’: optimal harvesting period
Carron
P74
Basilprotect – A cocktail of parasitoids again aphids in aromatic
Rosemeyer
plants and herbs
Iyyakkannu
P.S.
Zhenya
Claude-Alain
Viola
Session IV : Post harvest treatments: drying, extraction, product formulation
P75
Differential modulation of tumor promotion in skin cancer by
sesquiterpene lactones isolated from indigenous middle eastern Darwiche
mountainous plants
Nadine
P76
Ecocert Alpine rose active protects skin proteins
Frank
P77
P78
P79
Gafner
Molecular mechanisms of mnti-cancer and mnti-inflammatory
Gali-Muhtasib
mffects of gallotannin
Study of cosmeceutical activities of Korean raisin tree (Hovenia
Kim
dulcis var. koreana Nakai) extracts
Application of bioreactor system for commercial production of
Eleutherococcus somatic embryos for secondary metabolites and Shohael
antioxidant properties
50
Hala
Sea-Hyun
Abdullah
P01 – Phytochemical study of Lagochilus cabulicus
Benth.
Ahmad Reza Gohari1, Elham Barari2, Soodabeh Saeidnia1,
Ali Reza Shakeri2, Ebrahim Motaghedi3
1
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, PO Box 14155-6451, Iran
2
Department of Chemistry, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
The genus Lagochilus belongs to the Lamiaceae family and consists of 44 species
distributed all over the world, 33 of which grow in central Asia. Five species of this
genus have been found in the Iranian flora and 4 species are exclusively growing in
Iran. One of these species, Lagochilus cabulicus Benth., was collected during
flowering stage, dried at ambient temperature under shade condition and cut into
small pieces. Plant material was successively extracted with ethyl acetate and
methanol solvents using percolation method. Main compounds were separated
and isolated by column and thin layer chromatography. The isolated compounds
were identified by spectroscopic methods, including 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. In
conclusion, four flavonoids, Tricetin 3´-methyl ether, Quercetin, Quercetin 3-O--Dglucopyranoside, Quercetin 3-O--L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6) -D-glucopyranoside,
two steroids, -Sitosteryl acetate, Stigmasteryl acetate and one triterpenoid,
Lupeol, have been identified for the first time in this plant species.
51
P02 – Phytochemical study of Cistus albidus (Cistaceae)
in northern mountainous region (Algeria)
Leila Bendifallah, Souad Alouan, Sadjia Drah, Fatma Zohra
Dougarem
Université M’hamed Bougara, Faculté des Sciences, Département de
Biologie, 1 avenue de l’indépendance, DZ-35000 Boumerdes, Algeria
Man has always had an extraordinary power to exploit natural resources. One
historical consequence of such power is the ability to benefit from the medicinal
properties of a variety of plant wildlife. The herbal medicine know-how that
supports this ability is usually acquired traditionally, over generations, through trial
and error as well as experimental analysis and observation in many regions of the
world. In Algeria, for example, traditional medicine is thus widely practiced by the
indigenous population. While herbal therapies continue to play a major role in the
traditional medicine practices of many regions worldwide, their prescription
guidelines often lack rigor and are unlikely to meet the requirements of standard
medical practice. In spite of that, as many as over 20 000 species of plants are
currently used in the world for nutrition, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and specific
therapies. We report on one such species, Cistus albidus (Cistaceae), which has
garnered very little scientific interest thus far, particularly in Algeria, even though it
has a plethora of uses for treating various diseases. In particular, its leaves, in
decoction, are used for the hypoglycemic treatment of gastric pain. As a poultice,
the leaves are used to treat abscesses. Infused in tea, they are used as a digestive.
For this study, the leaves were gathered during springtime (in April) from the
mountainous region of Ahl El Ksar, in northern Algeria. By its geographical position
and its micro-climate, this region exhibits a great ecological and floristic diversity,
giving rise to a very strong tradition in herbal medicine practices. In such a
propitious context, the aim of this study was to enhance Cistus albidus as a
medicinal herb. Our phytochemical analysis results showed a remarkable
combination of chemical components including alkaloids, glycosids, coumarins, and
flavonoids. In particular, several families of flavonoids were further revealed by
thin layer chromatography.
52
P03 – Effects on the quality and nutritional traits of
wood strawberry fruits in Sicily
Fabio D’Anna1, Giuseppina Caracciolo1, Walther Faedi2, M.L.
Maltoni2, Eleonora D’Anna1
1
Dipartimento dei Sistemi Agro-Ambientali (S.Ag.A) dell’Università degli
Studi di Palermo – Italy
2
CRA- FRF, Centro di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura di Forlì – Italy
In Sicily, the common wild woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is spontaneous in
the Madonie mountains (554 m above sea level), Nebrodi mountains (900 m) and
Mount Etna (1450 m). The major clone cultivated in Sicily is "Fragolina di Sciacca e
Ribera”, named after the countries where the crop originally developed. It is
characterized by very small fruits, a globose-conical shape, a deep red colour, a
very soft flesh, a strong aroma and flavour. Other everbearing clones are also
cultivated in Sicily because they continuously give production for many months.
Solid soluble content, total titratable acidity, individual sugars, organic acids, total
antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol content, vitamin C and anthocyanins were
quantified in berry sample of Fragolina di Sciacca e Ribera and Regina delle Valli
(everbearing) grown in two production sites in Sicily (Brolo-Nebrodi mountains and
Marsala) characterized by different soil, climatic condition and altitudes
(respectively 890 and 24 m above sea level). The lab analyses on fruits are still
ongoing and the results on the environment and genotype effects will be shown in
this International Symposium.
53
P04 – HPLC based metabolite profiling of Satureja
khuzestanica
Samad Nejad Ebrahimi1,2, Javad Hadian2, Matthias Hamburger1
1
Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel,
Switzerland
2
Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti
University, G.C.,Tehran, Iran
The genus Satureja L. contains over 30 species, distributed in the Mediterranean
area, Middle East, and North America. In Iran, Satureja species are collectively
known as “Marze Kohi”. Altogether 14 species grow in the northern, western and
southern parts of Iran, eight of them being endemic. One of these endemic species
is Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad which is widely distributed in the southern parts of
Iran. In Iranian folk medicine the plant is used as analgesic and antiseptic. Antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic
and reproduction stimulatory properties of S. khuzistanica extracts have been
reported. So far there has been limited investigation on phytochemical profiling of
this plant, except essential oil analysis. An HPLC-based characterization of MeOH
extract of aerial parts of S. khuzestanica was carried out using on-line HPLC-PDAMSn, and off-line microprobe NMR. Various secondary metabolites including
flavonoids, monoterpene glycosides and phenylpropanoids were identified in the
aerial parts of S. khuzestanica. Major metabolites include diosmetin 7-rutinoside,
rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate, militiric acid, methyl militirinate, zataroside A,
zataroside B and erigeroside. Structural characterization of minor compounds is
also reported.
54
P05 – Diversity and distribution of medicinal Fabaceae in
Salta Province, Argentina.
Ángela Etcheverry1, Carolina Yáñez1, Diego López-Spahr1,
Trinidad Figueroa-Fleming1, Mercedes Alemán1, Carlos Gómez2
1
Catedra de Botánica, Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva, Facultad de
Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Avenida Bolivia 5150,
4400 Salta, Argentina
2
Laboratorio de Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido (LASEM), Universidad
Nacional de Salta, Avenida Bolivia 5150, 4400 Salta, Argentina
Fabaceae is the second largest family in terms of medicinal plants in Argentina. The
diversity of this family, due to the large number of species in the world (over
18,000), is evidenced in the production of a large number of metabolites. In this
study, we have analyzed the species diversity and distribution of Fabaceae in the
Salta Province (Northwestern Argentina). We have modelled the potential
distribution of each species using a program that allowed estimating its
probabilistic distribution, based on the principle of maximum entropy. We used a
program to consider the digital elevation models. Georeferenced records were
used, and geographic coverage of environmental parameters that could potentially
limit their ability to survive was performed. Records were digitalized from
herbarium specimens and databases. The geographical coverage of environmental
parameters was obtained from a set of climatic layers, generated through
interpolation of data from different meteorological stations.
55
P06 – Conservation and sustainable use of threatened
medicinal plant – Sideritis scardica Griseb. in Bulgaria
Ljuba Evstatieva1, Kalina Alipieva2
1
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecological Investigations, Bulgarian Academy
of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
2
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry , Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Sideritis scardica Griseb. (Mountain tee, Pirin tea, Mursalitza tee) is an endemic of
the Balkan peninsula, included in the Red Book in Bulgaria as a rare species. Its
collection and trade from nature is prohibited. The species is occurs in Pirin,
Slavjanka and Rodopes mountains from 1000 to 2200 m above sea level. Sideritis
scardica is a very popular medicinal plant used for treatment of bronchitis and
bronchial asthma, against common cold, lung emphysema, etc. There is a big threat
for the wild populations of S. scardicaa which are fairly degraded on the basis of
anthropogenic factors and habitat loss. Limitations, implemented by National
Protection Law, were not adequate to stop this process. One of the most
imperative actions for conservation of natural habitats of species and its
sustainable use are its cultivation. Samples from five wild populations of S. scardica
were examined among controlled conditions near Sofia for chemical constituents
and biomass production. The most perspective selected samples of species were
tested in different cultural areas in Bulgaria, from 100 to 1500 m a. s. l. The
selected plants had grown and developed well in new horticultural conditions and
gave economic yield about 3000 kg/100² m dry mass annually. Chemical variation
of total flavones and flavonoids of S. scardica in cultural conditions is discussed.
Economically valuable habitats are recommended for cultivation in the country.
The results will be used for further selection, sustainable use and production of
qualitative drug material.
56
P07 – Sesquiterpene lactones contents in multiple in
vitro shoots of three Arnica montana populations
M. Petrova1, E. Zayova1, M. Todorova2, J. Staneva2, A. Vitkova3, L. Evstatieva3
1
Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
2
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
3
Arnica montana L. (Asteraceae) is an economically important plant and a source of
bio-active sesquiterpene lactones. A. montana shoot cultures of three origins were
studied: natural habitat in the Carpathians, Ukraine (ACU); Botanical garden,
Chemnitz, Germany (ACG), and Botanical garden, Vienna, Austria (AVA). The rate of
shoot micropropagation on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with
a range of cytokinins: BAP (6-benzylaminopurine); Z (zeatin); 2-iP 6-(ү,ү
dymethylallylamino)-purine and TDZ (thidiazuron) was tested. It was found that
BAP and Z were more effective than 2-iP and TDZ. The maximum number of shoots
(3.1) was obtained for the ACG plants, while for AVA it was much lower (1.7), both
of them being grown in MS medium with 1.0 mg/l BAP, showing that the process of
shoot multiplication is genotype-dependent. Dry leaves collected from morphology
equalized plants after two sub-cultivations on MS medium without plant growth
regulators were used for investigation of sesquiterpene lactones accumulation. The
total sesquiterpene lactones content varied from 1.6% to 2.3%, depending on the
origin. The A. montana plants from ACU origin were successfully in vitro rooting
and ex vitro acclimatized in the greenhouse. The lactone content in the plants from
the greenhouse was several times less (0.63%) than the in vitro cultures.
57
P08 – Sesquiterpene lactones from Lebanese plants:
identification and characterization of antitumor
mechanisms
Mohammad Salla1, Najat Saliba2, Nadine Darwiche1, Hala GaliMuhtasib1
1
Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
2
Salograviolide A (Sal A) and Iso-seco-tanapartholide (Parth) were isolated and
purified respectively from Centaurea ainetensis and Achillea falcata, two plants
indigenous to the Middle East. Bioassay-guided fractionation using colon cancer
cell lines showed significant decrease in cell viability, G 2/M arrest and apoptosis by
Sal A and Parth alone. Combinations of Sal A and Parth produced remarkable
synergism; Sal A (3µg/ml) and Parth (5µg/ml) caused only 25% reduction in cell
viability, while 80% decrease was observed when combining the two compounds.
No significant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by each
drug alone, while the combination produced 25 times increase in ROS in both cell
lines. Apoptosis by the combination treatment was accompanied by a 5-fold
increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The strong antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)
reversed combination-induced cell death, suggesting that ROS are involved in the
antitumor activities of Sal A and Parth. The combination treatment induced major
disruption in the mitochondrial membrane potential (rhodamine123) and NAC
almost totally prevented the permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane,
emphasizing the role of ROS. Members of the serine/threonine mitogen activated
protein kinases (MAPK) appeared to be involved in the antitumor activity of both
compounds; Sal A and Parth combinations activated all three members of the
MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p-p38). The protein levels of p-JNK, p-ERK and p-p38
increased starting at 4h and maximal induction was evident at 8h. Using specific
ERK and p38 inhibitors caused 60% reduction in cell death. In summary, Sal A and
Parth have promising anti-colon-cancer effects and act synergistically by inducing
ROS and activating the MAPK pathway, suggesting that they are potential
chemotherapeutic antitumor drugs for colon cancer therapy. The in vivo activities
of these sesquiterpene lactones should be explored and their exact molecular
targets determined before clinical use. This work was supported by HITECH-FZE
funds provided to the Nature Conservation Center for Sustainable Futures (IBSAR).
Oral presentation is preferred.
58
P09 – Composition of the essential oil of Stachys
lavandulifolia Vahl from Central Zagros Mountains
A. Ghasemi Pirbalouti1, M. Mohammadi2, M. Yousefi2
1
Department of Medicinal Plants, Researches Centre of Medicinal Plants &
Ethno-veterinary, Islamic Azad University-Shahrekord Branch, POBox: 166,
Shahrekord-Iran
2
Department of Plant Sciences, Payam Noor University, Isfahan Branch,
Isfahan,-Iran
In Iran, 34 species of Stachys are present, among which 13 are endemic. Stachys
lavandulifolia Vahl is a native plant that has been used as an anxiolytic and sedative
in Iranian folk medicine. The plant is known as Chay-e-kohi in Persian and its
English name is Betony. It is used as herbal tea in gastrointestinal disorders. Tea
made from the whole plant or leaves is used on account of its sedative,
antispasmodic, diuretic and emmenagogic activities. The decoction of the leaves
and flowers is being used by the tribal people of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari for
treatment of skin infection, menorrhagia and as an anti-bacterial. Also, the areal
part of Stachys lavandulifolia has been used by tribal people of Ilam Province West
Iran, as carminative, sedative and cardio tonic, and for treatment of rheumatism,
indigestion and headache. The essential oils of Stachys lavandulifolia from different
locations (Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Provinces, Southwest Iran) were analysed by
GC and GC-MS. The results revealed differences in the content of compounds
depending on region of sample collection. Chemical variation related to genetic and
environmental factors is frequently encountered in medicinal plants. Further
studies are needed to see if the changes in chemical composition in the studied oils
of Stachys lavandulifolia are on the account of different environmental conditions
of both localities or if the chemotypes are genetically fixed.
59
P10 – Essential oil from the fruits of Pistachia khinjuk
Stocks grown in Bakhtiari Zagros Mountains, Iran
A. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, K. Aghaee
Ethno-veterinary, Islamic Azad University,Shahrekord Branch, POBox: 166,
Shahrekord-Iran
Pistachia khinjuk Stocks. is an evergreen shrub or tree of the Anarcadiaceae family.
P. khinjuk is a native plant in Iran, whose resin has been used as an indigestion,
tonic, toothache and astringent plant in Bakhtiari folk medicine. In addition, fruits
of P. khinjuk are edible. The plant is known as Khenjuk or Kelkhong in Persian. Fruits
of P. khinjuk collected throughout Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, Southwest
Iran, were examined for chemical variability in fruits’ components. Fresh fruits
were hydrodistilled on a Clevenger type apparatus for 3 h and studied by gas
chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),
showing qualitative and quantitative differences. The essential oil was found to be
rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons.
60
P11 – Ethnobotany and antimicrobial activity of
medicinal plants from high altitude in Bakhtiari Zagros
mountains, Iran
A. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, F. Malekpoor, B. Hamedi
Ethno-veterinary, Islamic Azad University,Shahrekord Branch, POBox: 166,
Shahrekord-Iran
The major aim of this study was to investigate ethnobotany and determine
antimicrobial activity of sixteen medicinal, aromatic and nutraceutical plants from
high altitude in the Bakhtiari Zagross Mountains, Iran. Antimicrobial activities of
extracts from sixteen Iranian traditional plants, including Heracleum lasiopetalum
Boiss. (Apiaceae), Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. (Lamiacae), Thymus daenensis Celak.
(Lamiacae), Ziziphora teniur L. (Lamiacae), Echiophora platyloba L. (Apiaceae),
Dracocephalum multicaule Benth. (Lamiacae), Kelussia odoratissima Mozff.
(Apiaceae), Mentha longifolia Hudson. (Lamiacae), Achillea kellalensis Boiss.
(Asteraceae), Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. (Lamiacae), Hypericum scabrum L.
(Hypericaceae), Quercus branti Lindley. (Fagaceae), Myrtus communis L.
(Myrtaceae), Pistachia atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae), Arnebia euchroma (Royle.)
Johnston. (Boraginaceae) and Salvia hydrangea DC. (Lamiacae) were investigated
against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus
cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni and
Candida albicans by agar disc diffusion and serial dilution assays. The results of the
study reveal that some species play an important role in primary healthcare system
of these tribal communities. Some of the medicinal plants showed relatively high
antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria and fungi. The results obtained
appeared to confirm the antibacterial potential of the plants investigated. In
conclusion, it can be said that the extract and essential oil of some of the medicinal
plants from high altitude of Bakhtiari Zagross Mountains could be used as natural
antibacterial agents in the food preservation and human health.
61
P12 – Polyphenol contents and anti-oxidant effects of
Castor aralia (Kalopanax septemlobus koidz.) leaf
extracts in Korea
Jingyu Han1, Sea-Hyun Kim1, Dong-Ha Jun2, Moon-Su Kang1,
Moon-Sup Kim1 and Jin-Tae Lee2
1
Department of Forest Resources Development Korea Forest Research
Institute, Suwon 441-847, Korea
2
Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Haany University,
Gyungsan 712-715, Korea
The aim of the study was to assess the physiological activity of Castor aralia
(Kalopanax septemlobus) leaf and it is possible that can be used as a medicinal
ingredient for application of functional food and medicine industries. The
concentration of total phenolic compound of hot water and 70% EtOH extracts of
Castor aralia leaf showed 104mg/L and 125mg/L respectively. In the result of DPPH
(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging radical activity, 70% EtOH extracts of
Castor aralia leaf showed 93.1% and that result was similar to BHA (butylated
hydroxyanisole) effect at 1,000ppm concentration. Also, xanthine oxidase inhibition
of hot water extracts and 70% EtOH extracts of Castor aralia leaf were 46.6% and
60.4% at 1,000ppm, respectively. In these results, Castor aralia leaf has a good
potential as a medicinal ingredient with a natural anti-oxidant source.
62
P13 – Medicinal and environmental indicator species of
Utricularia from mountainous forest of Peninsular
Malaysia
Noorma Wati Haron, M.Y. Chew
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,
50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Utricularia L. (Lentibulariaceae) is a cosmopolitan genus of carnivorous plants with
highly specialized small bladders (0.2-1mm) for trapping and digesting minute
aquatic animals. There are fourteen species in Peninsular Malaysia, including ten
species from mountainous areas. Utricularia vitellina and U. scandens are both rare
mountain species. Utricularia vitellina is hyper-endemic to the mossy highland
stream banks of Gunung Tahan and Gunung Korbu (elevation from 1,526-2080 m
above sea level). U. scandens is only known from Gunung Tahan (elevation from
380-387 m a.s.l.). U. involvens are found on Guning Jerai myrtaceous lowermountain forest to upper-mountain forest (elevation up to 1189 m a.s.l.) while U.
caerulea grows on mountain stream-beds up to 901 m a.s.l.. Both U. involvens and
U. caerulea are narrow range species. U. aurea, U. bifida, U.gibba, U. minutissima,
U. striatula and U. uliginosa are fairly common species, growing on the elevation
up to 2180 m a.s.l.. Being sensitive to changes and pollutions, both U. aurea and
U.gibba could serve a role as environmental indicator species which are easily used
to predict the general health of the habitat with their absence or presence. U.
aurea also serves as ornamental plant suitable for aquaria and rockeries. U.
caerulae is used for healing of wounds and U. bifida is used as a remedy for urinary
disease.
63
P14 – Plant genetic resources conservation by
cryopreservation
Behzad Kaviani1, Davood Hashemabadi1, Alireza Tarang2, Sahar
Bohlouli Zanjani2, Amir Hosein Darabi1, Afshin Ahmadi Hesar3,
Seyed Hossein Seyedi3, Seyed Morteza Afzalian3 and Sara
Ghafari3
1
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science,
Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
2
North Research Institute, Rasht, Iran
3
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science,
Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
Cryopreservation is a perfect method for long-term conservation of plant genetic
resources at very low temperature (liquid nitrogen, -196°C). This method has been
recognized as a practical and efficient tool for the long-term storage of
germplasms. Cryopreservation is based on the non-injurious reduction and
subsequent interruption of metabolic functions of biological materials by reducing
the temperature to that of liquid nitrogen. Conservation and sustainable use of
genetic resources is essential to meet the demand for future food security. Various
techniques have been developed to minimize desiccation and freezing damage,
thus ensuring high recovery. Plant germplasm kept in liquid nitrogen does not
undergo cellular division. In addition, metabolic and most physical processes are
arrested at this temperature. Thus, plants can be stored for very long time periods
and both the problem of genetic instability and the risk to lose accessions due to
contamination or human error during subculture are overcome. Techniques like in
vitro culture and cryopreservation have made it easy to collect and conserve
genetic resources, especially of species that are difficult to conserve as seeds.
There are still a limited number of cases where cryopreservation is used for plant
germplasm conservation, mainly because the techniques need to be adapted for
each species in function of its natural freezing resistance, explant size and type, and
its water content. Ice crystal formation must be avoided during the freezing
process, which otherwise would cause physical damage to the cells. Air-drying,
freeze dehydration, osmotic dehydration, addition of penetrating and nonpenetrating cryoprotective substances, and hardening metabolism or combinations
of these processes are cryogenic strategies. From the original slow-cooling method,
researches have moved to easier and more reproducible techniques, such as
vitrification. However, the availability or developments of a simple, reliable and
cost-effective strategies and the subsequent regeneration of the plants are basic
requirements for germplasm conservation.
64
P15 – Evaluation of genetic diversity of Iranian wild
Alcea rosea population using RAPD
M. Kazemi1, M. Aran2
1
Department of Horticulture Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural
Resources, Islamic Azad University Karaj branch, Young Researchers Club,
Karaj, Iran
2
Department of Landscape, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol,
Zabol, Iran
The Hollyhock (Alcea rose) is a summer flowering biennial that is native to China
and belongs to the Malvaceae family. Hollyhock is one of the most important
medicinal plants. The first step for breeding purposes is to determine the genetic
variation. There isn’t any report on using molecular markers to evaluate genetic
variation in Alcea rosea. There are various accessions of this plant in Iran; however,
no comprehensive study to fully understand it has ever been carried out. In this
study, we used RAPD technique to estimate the DNA polymorphism and genetic
diversity among various accessions of this plant in Iran. Sixty accessions of
Hollyhock, native to Iran, have been gathered from different parts of Iran to assess
the genetic variability of the plant and to study their quantitative as well as
qualitative features. The collected samples were evaluated using RAPD molecular
marker. Cluster analysis of the genotypes was performed using Jaccard’s similarity
coefficient and UPGMA method and as a result sixty samples of Iranian Hollyhock
were divided into 18 groups. The least and highest similarity coefficient were 0.31
and 0.75 respectively. 18 primers were used that produced 228 bands. Among
them 219 (93.73%) were polymorphic and 9 (6.27%) were monomorphic. The
obtained dendrograms and groups showed that RAPD markers could distinguish
the Hollyhock sample properly. Finally, investigation of genetic variation on this
species indicated that RAPD marker is a suitable approach to determine the
polymorphic loci and to estimate the genetic distance between the populations of
the species.
65
P16 – Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of
some medicinal plants in Central African antidiabetic
properties
J.N. Koane1, J.L.Syssa-Magale1, J. M. Ouamba2
1
Laboratory of Architecture Analysis and Reactivity of Natural Substances,
Faculty of Science, University of Bangui, BP908 Bangui, Central African
Republic
2
Unit of Plant Chemistry and Life Science Faculty, University Marien
NGOUABI, B.P. 69, Brazzaville – Congo
For thirty years, diabetes is a real public health problem worldwide. It results in
abnormally high blood sugar measured in the blood several months apart, at a
concentration greater than 1.4 gr. per liter at fasting and it affects all age groups. It
is a chronic metabolic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not secrete
insulin, insulin-dependent (type I) usually affects young individuals age 30 or when
the pancreas does not produce enough insulin secretion and that it is in deficit;
form of diabetes found in adults and obese: diabetes non-insulin-dependent (type
II). Besides these two forms of diabetes are primitive, there are diabetes secondary
to other diseases, diabetes and gestational diabetes Mady. Indeed, given the
dissatisfaction found in modern medicine, traditional herbal tracks seem to
reinforce potential interest, including the process of development, from plant to
phytomedicine through appropriate scientific methods, could offer a credible
alternative, for communities.
66
P17 – Phytochemical investigation of Echinophora
cinerea
M. Nikan, A. R. Gohari, S. Saeidnia
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
P O Box 14155 – 6451, Tehran, Iran
The genus Echinophora represents a group comprising four species in the flora of
Iran, including one endemic: E.cinerea (Bioss.) Hedge et Lamond. We prepared
chloroform and methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of E.cinerea collected from
Zagros mountain range and subjected them to analysis. Four compounds were
isolated using chromatographic methods and identified with spectroscopic
techniques (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ¹H-¹H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, EIMS, FTIR). These
compound, isolated in this plant for the first time, are: 6-(9’-O-β-Glucopyranosylnon-7’-(E)-ene-3’,5’-diynyl)-pyran-2-one-3,5-diene, Lupeol, Quercetin-3-Glucoside
and β-Sitosterol.
67
P18 – Wild plants used by the Mocheni ethnic minority
in the Alps as food and medicine
C. Obón1, D. Rivera2, F. Alcaraz2
1
Departamento de Biología Aplicada Universidad Miguel Hernández Crta.
De Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela (Alicante) Spain
2
Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología Universidad de
Murcia, Murcia (Spain)
The Mocheni ethnic minority is concentrated in one single valley of the southern
border of the Dolomites Mountains in the heart of Europe (Italy). The Mocheni
arrived in this area during the 13th century, and the estimated population in 2000
was of ca. 2’000: 400 in Fierozzo, 1’000 in Palú and 460 in Frassilongo, three
localities of the Valle del Fersina (Comunità Alta Valsugana e Bersntol / Trentino).
They speak three different dialects (belonging to the Upper German, BavarianAustrian group): Fierozzo (Florutz), Palú (Palai), Frassilongo (Gereut), and can
partially understand Bavarian, Cimbrian, or Standard German. They also speak
Italian. Interviews, ancient documents and dictionaries recorded the traditional
rural knowledge, including the management and uses of wild plants. The objectives
of the study were to determine the fungi and vascular plant species named and
used by the Mocheni, particularly as food and medicine, and to analyze the results
within the context of the Alpine cultures and traditions. Methods include review of
literature, especially local papers and books, interviews with members of the
different Mocheni societies and communities in Italy (Comunità Alta Valsugana e
Bersntol / Trentino), and collection of voucher specimens and / or photographs of
plants, gardens and landscapes in the different areas. A total of 662 records of
plant-uses-names were collected for species of vascular plants and fungi which are
(or were) used by the Mocheni. Medicinal uses were registered for 41 taxa, and
uses as food were recorded for 21 taxa. The medicinal species are: 32 wild, 2 wild
and cultivated, and 6 exclusively cultivated. Concerning the parts used: the whole
plant is used in 17 taxa, the leaves in 5, the flowers in 1, the roots in 4, and the
bulbs in 1.
68
P19 – Ethnobotanical survey on wild food plants in the
lower and central Valais
Christian Abbet, Matthias Hamburger, Olivier Potterat
Switzerland
Alpine regions have a rich ancestral tradition with regard to the use of wild plants
as medicines and food. However, as a consequence of the far reaching societal and
economic changes over the last decades, this traditional knowledge tends to fall
into oblivion. This situation prompted us to undertake an ethnobotanical survey on
edible wild plants with records of use by the population of the lower and central
Valais (Switzerland). The overall goals of our investigations aim at re-establishing
traditional plants as food candidates with unique and pleasant gustatory
properties, and potential beneficial effects on health. Informants coming from
different valleys of Valais including Entremont, Anniviers and Hérens were
interviewed on traditional alimentary uses of wild plants by means of semistructured questionnaires and interviews. Simultaneously, a literature search in
ancient treaties, encyclopedias, and unpublished academic works enabled to
identify further plants which were eaten in ancient times by the population of the
lower and central Valais.
In the investigated regions, wild plants have been mostly used in the form of jams,
teas, syrups, liquors, soups and salads. Interestingly, wild edible plants which are
still consumed in Valais are mostly reputed to have beneficial long term effects on
health. Each region has emblematic plants to which numerous curative properties
are ascribed. While older people took their knowledge from the inherited tradition,
the younger generation often supplements it with specific courses and popular
literature on medicinal plants. Our ethnobotanical survey demonstrates that the
lower and central Valais region has a rich tradition in the use of wild plants. Several
species may have a potential for cultivation and commercialisation. It is therefore
essential to keep and valorize this unique patrimony.
69
P20 – Phyteumosides A and B: new saponins with
unique triterpenoid aglycons from Phyteuma orbiculare
L.
Christian Abbet1, Markus Neuburger2, Trixie Wagner3, Melanie
Quitschau1, Matthias Hamburger1, Olivier Potterat1
1
Switzerland
2
Inorganic Chemistry, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
3
Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Basel, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
The round-headed rampion (Phyteuma orbiculare L., Campanulaceae) is a perennial
herb which grows in subalpine and alpine regions of Central Europe. The leaves and
the flowers were eaten in the past by the population of the Valais region
(Switzerland) as a salad. In a study of forgotten traditional food plants, we
investigated the aerial parts of P. orbiculare. Here, we report the isolation and
structure elucidation of two new triterpene glycosides, phyteumosides A (1) and B
(2), which possess unique triterpenic aglycons. Their structures were elucidated by
spectroscopic and chemical methods, and were corroborated by X-ray diffraction
analyses of the aglycons obtained in crystalline form after enzymatic hydrolysis.
The aglycon of 1 can be considered as an incompletely cyclized onoceroid or
gammaceroid triterpene with two additional tetrahydropyran rings arising from
oxygen bridges. Compound 2, possesses a new 17-polypodene aglycon.
Biosynthetically, both aglycons seem to derive from an unrearranged squalene
molecule, which underwent incomplete cyclization. Within the Plant Kingdom,
gammacerane and onocerane triterpenoids have been mainly found in ferns and
club mosses but are very rare in seed bearing plants.
70
P21 – Database biodiversity conservation of medicinal
and aromatic plants from South Rajasthan
R.B. Dubey, R.A. Kaushik, K.D.Ameta
Herbal Park – Rajasthan College of Agriculture – Maharana Pratap
University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur (Raj.) India
Plants are the most important source for preventive and curative medicinal
preparations. Ancient Indian traditions of medicine like Ayurveda, Unani,
Homeopathy, Siddha, Yoga, Naturopathy and even Allopathy derive many of their
curative tools from plant. Some places are very rich in biodiversity of medicinal and
aromatic plants, like the Aravallion eco-region of Rajasthan (India) which has
numerous medicinal and aromatic plant species growing naturally. Among these
some are rare, endangered and threatened, while some are on the verge of
extinction due to overexploitation, deforestation, unscientific manners of
harvesting, collection of seeds and fruits before maturity, erratic rainfall, repeated
drought and growing demands of these plants. These plants require urgent
attention for database conservation of the valuable biodiversity. An attempt has
been made to collect, conserve and list the biodiversity of medicinal and aromatic
plants of South-East Rajasthan and categorize it on the basis of local name,
botanical name, family, habit, active compounds, method and time of propagation,
part used for medicinal purposes. This biodiversity is being conserved in an herbal
park being maintained at our institute for future use.
71
P22 – Investigation of essential oil percent and essence
component in six ecological regional habitats of
Hymenocrater platystegius Rech.
Mozhgan Sabet Teimouri, Alireza koocheki, Mehdy Nassiri
Mahallati
Department of Agronomy, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad,
IRAN
Hymenocrater platystegius Rech. is indigenous to Khorasan province in the north
east part of Iran. Sampling was conducted from six habitats (Bazangan, Bezd,
Bezgh, Golmakan, Kalat and Zoshk) of H. platystegius in the Khorassan-e-Razavi
province. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation of air-dried samples
for about 3 hour. GC-Mass analysis was performed by gas chromatograph for about
8 hours. For calculation results, the percentage of retention time under
temperature conditions was used for n-Alkenes (C6-C24). The colour of essential oil
was pale yellow with powerful flavours. The highest essential oil yield was found in
Zoshk (2.3%) and the lowest in Golmakan (0.045%). Among 36 components of
essential oil composition, verbenol, eucalyptol, bourbonene, phytol and menthol
were found in Bazangan (0, 1.01, 0.32, 1.48, 0.03%), Bezd (0.2, 0, 0.18, 1.02,
0.02%), Bezgh (0.6, 0.76, 0.6, 0.73, 0.06%), Golmakan (0, 0.27, 0.07, 1.03, 0.13%),
Kalat (0, 0, 0, 0.09, 0%) and Zoshk (0, 1.3, 1.2, 0.32, 0.02%) respectively.
Germaceren was observed in Zoshk (0.11%) and Kalat (0.4%) only.
72
P23 – Comparison of chemical composition &
antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Nepeta
menthoides isolated by hydrodistillation and microwaveassisted hydrodistillation
Samadi Mahtab1, Attar Hossien1, Khanavi Mahnaz2,
Hajimehdipoor Homa3, Shams Ardekani Mohamadreza2,
Mirnezami Tahmineh2
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Azad
University-Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicinal
Plants Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Traditional Medicine, Shahid beheshti University of
Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Nepeta menthoides Boiss. et Bushe is an endemic species grown in North West of
Iran where it is named Ostokhoddus in traditional medicinals. In some studies, this
speciesis erroneously named Lavandula stocheas L., which is not an indigenous
plant of Iran. In the present study, major essential oil compounds of N. menthoides
and L. stocheas collected in Gorgor waterfall in Ardebil province were compared
with different methods of extraction. The essential oil of the aerial parts of N.
menthoides obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted
hydrodistillation (MD) were analyzed by GC/MS. The oil was characterized by a high
amount of 4a-α, 7α, 7a-α-nepetalacton (17.57% in HD and 23.17% in MD). Other
compounds were identified as 4a-α, 7β, 7a-α-nepetalacton, 1, 8-cineol and geranyl
acetate. The duration of microwave oven distillation was 12 times less than
hydrodistillation, whereas the percentage of essential oil was almost the same
(0.4% in MD and 0.3% in HD). Moreover, the amount of 4a-α, 7α, 7a-αnepetalacton in MD was 5.6% more than HD. As in previous studies, the main
compounds of L. stocheas essential oil were linalool and linalylacetate. As a result,
there were no similarity between major essential oil compounds of N. menthoides
and L. stocheas. On the other hand, microwave-assisted hydrodistillation seems to
be more appropriate for extraction of oxygenated monoterpenes of this oil,
whereas hydrodistillation would be more suitable for separation of monoterpenes
hydrocarbons. Antioxidant activity of the essential oils were measured by FRAP
method (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). The antioxidant activity of the
essential oil obtained by MD was higher than the one obtained by HD. Therefore, it
shows that MD is a better method than HD to extract antioxidant-rich oil from this
plant.
73
P‐24 ‐ Comparative study of different populations of oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart) found in Sicily T. Tuttolomondo2, S. La Bella1, G. Ruberto3, G. Virga1, E. D’Anna1 1
Dipartimento dei Sistemi Agro‐Ambientale (SAGA) ‐ Università degli Studi di Palermo ‐ Viale delle Scienze, 13 ‐ 90128 Palermo, Italy. 2
Consorzio di Ricerca per lo Sviluppo di Sistemi Innovativi Agroambientali (Co.Ri.S.S.I.A.) ‐ Viale delle Scienze, 13 ‐ 90128 Palermo, Italy. 3
Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare – (ICB) ‐ CNR – Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy. Oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart) is one of the most popular aromatic species used in Mediterranean cuisine. The genus Origanum originated in the Mediterranean basin as demonstrated by the widespread wild presence of the species in the area. In addition to its use for culinary and ornamental purposes, it is also known as a medicinal plant due to its antispasmodic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and expectorant properties. New knowledge on its uses and properties has brought about significant interest in the species in recent years. A number of wild oregano populations were found in various areas of Sicily following field work carried out between 2004 and 2005 and representative samples of each population were collected at varying altitudes between 60 and 1000m a.s.l. The data collected were processed to evaluate the quantity and quality of production and essential oil composition. Significant differences were found between the different populations regarding plant height, flower stratum thickness and dry matter production. Behaviour amongst the different biotypes also differed according to low or high altitudes. P25 ‐ Effect of Mg treatment on the production of Indian tobacco (Lobelia inflata L.) Viktor József Vojnich1 ‐ Ákos Máthé1 ‐ Éva Szőke2 ‐ Richárd Gaál 1 1
West Hungarian University, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Environmental Sciences 2
Semmelweis University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacognosy Indian tobacco, a native North American species, seems to be a useful medicinal plant that can be introduced in Hungary. The herb contains some 20 piperidine skeleton alkaloids. Its main alkaloid is the lobeline that is used in cases of gas‐ and narcotic poisoning thanks to its stimulating effect on the respiratory centre. It is also used in anti‐smoking preparations. Recently, significant amounts of polyacetylene compounds have been isolated from the plant (lobetiol, lobetolin and lobetyolin. It is propagated by both vegetative methods (in vitro micropropagation) and generative methods (transplants raised in glasshouse). The in vitro tissue culture experiments have been going on in the Institute of Pharmacognosy of the Semmelweis University, Budapest, since 1983, while the open field production (introduction) experiments were started at the Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science of WHU, Mosonmagyaróvár, in 2004. Our observations indicate that the acclimatization of in vitro micropropagated plants is a much more labour demanding and delicate process than the propagation by glasshouse transplant raising. The open field trials– based on our previous experiments ‐ were aimed mainly at optimizing the method and quantity of fertilizer application on the biomass and alkaloid production of plants. The total alkaloid content was determined by the spectrophotometric method. The nutrients were applied in the following methods and quantities: untreated (control), 50 kg/ha N ‐, 100 kg/ha N ground fertilizers, and 50 kg/ha Mg ground fertilizer. In the ground fertilized treatment, at the phenophase of flowering, the following dry mass values were recorded: control plants 1.89 g/plant, 50 kg/ha Mg‐treatment 2.55 g/plant, 50 kg/ha N‐
treatment 2.38 g/plant, 100 kg/ha N‐treatment 2.36 g/plant. The most favourable biomass production was observed as a result of ground application of magnesium. The analysis of total alkaloid content also underlined the favourable effect of Mg. The alkaloid content was highest in both roots and above‐ground plant parts, as compared to the untreated control and N‐application. The total alkaloid content of root: control 791 mg/100 g, 50 kg/ha Mg‐
treatment: 986 mg/100 g, 50 kg/ha N‐treatment: 923 mg/100 g, 100 kg/ha N‐treatment: 870 mg/100 g. The total alkaloid content of above ground plant parts: control 450 mg/100 g, 50 kg/ha Mg‐treatment 490 mg/100 g, 50 kg/ha N‐treatment 488 mg/100 g, 100 kg/ha N‐
treatment 389 mg/100 g. The results indicate the favourable effect of Mg‐fertilization and are in harmony with our previous in vitro and in vivo experiments. The determination of alkaloid composition and lobeline content by HPLC, LC‐MS/MS is in process. P27 – Conventional and unconventional techniques for
in situ conservation and capitalization in agro-systems of
Veronica officinalis L.
Doina Danila1, Camelia Stefanache1,2, Catalina Drutu3, Elena
Trotus3
1
National Istitute of Research-Development for Biological Sciences,
Bucharest/„Stejarul” Biological Research Centre, 610004, Piatra Neamt,
Romania
2
The Faculty of Biology - "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, 700505, Iasi,
Romania
3
Agricultural Research Developement Station, 617415, Secuieni - Neamt,
Romania
The capitalization of vegetal sources of steroidal glycosides is a topical issue
because of the wide spectrum of biological actions, making them valuable for
pharmaceutical industries and cosmetics. Veronica officinalis, used in ethnopharmacy, is a potential source for industrially production of steroidal glycosides. A
series of cosmetic products based on organic extracts of MAP from alpine and
subalpine areas, including V. officinalis, is a way to exploit the bioresources.
Specific composition of raw materials includes skin protective factors with high
levels of antioxidants and polyphenols, a consequence of temperature fluctuations
and high UV radiation. Natural areas in the Romanian Eastern Carpathians, where
we located V. officinalis populations, are under intensifying deforestation, a
phenomenon that leads to impairment of essential habitat for species survival in
the studied area. The aim of our study is the use conventional and unconventional
techniques for in situ conservation and capitalization in agro-systems in terms of
deforestation by obtaining raw materials of V. officinalis. Herbs suplly is based, in
recent practice, on the collection of wild and /or ex situ production in agroecosystems. Biological material used to initiate experimental cultures was taken
from natural populations in the Bistrita Valley. Field culture was done by seeds and
by division of bushes, the first being economically advantageous, the second being
appropriate for the multiplication of selected genotypes. The biggest production of
dried herbs (51.0 q/ha) was achieved by dividing the bushes. The optimal
parameters are: planting period in April, distance between rows of 50 cm, planting
depth of 7.5 cm and plant density of 5 plants/m2. For in vitro plant regeneration
through axillary bud multiplication technique, vigorous plantlets were obtained
after 4-5 weeks of conditioning followed by a transfer to the field, with a survival
rate of 85-90%.
74
P28 – In vivo and in vitro phytochemical studies of
Arnica montana L. species from Romanian Eastern
Carpathians
Camelia Stefanache1,2, Doina Danila1, Radu Necula1, Smaranda
Vantu2, Elvira Gille1
1
National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, Bucharest/“Stejarul”
Biological Research Centre Piatra Neamt, Alexandru cel Bun 6, 610004
Piatra Neamt, Romania
2
Faculty of Biology, “Al. I. Cuza” University, Carol I, no. 20 A, 700505, Iasi,
Romania
Our research purpose is to carry out comparative in vivo (in situ, ex situ) and in vitro
studies on the content of secondary metabolites to highlight the influence of some
environmental factors. These represent preliminary studies in complex issues like
conservation and capitalization of Arnica montana – an important bioresource with
phytotherapeutic and cosmetic value for Romanian Eastern Carpathians. For the in
situ and ex situ samples, the material we analyzed consisted in aerial and
underground parts, while the analyzed material from in vitro cultures was
represented by plantlets, callus and cell suspensions. For in vitro cultures we used
Murashige and Skoog (MS, 1962) basal medium on tissue culture supplemented
with BAP, and for callus cultures we used Benzil-amino-purine, Kinetin (6-furfuryl
aminopurine) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. These media were solidified
with different amounts of agar. The cell cultures were maintained in flasks with MS
liquid medium (without phytohormones), placed on a shaker. Phytochemical
analysis of absolute methanolic extract and dichloromethane extracts, performed
with Thin Layer Chromatography and RP-HPLC-UV (Agilent 1200 series system),
revealed the presence of terpenoids, phytosterols and polyphenolic compounds
which varied quantitatively and qualitatively in the experimental samples. The main
compounds from of the flowers, whole plant, roots and rhizomes of A. montana
can be used both in human and veterinary phytoterapy.
75
P29 – Antioxidant activities of Bulgarian Golden root –
endangered medicinal species
K. Tasheva1, A. Trendafilova2, G. Kosturkova1
1
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Physiology and
Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
2
Laboratory "Chemistry of Natural Products", Institute of Organic
Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,
1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Rhodiola rosea L. (golden root, rose root or arctic root) is a yellow-flower
herbaceous perennial plant. It is a species of cool temperature distributed in the
sub-arctic areas of the northern hemisphere (North America, Greenland, Iceland,
Scandinavia) and high mountains of Asia (the Altai, the Tien-Shan, and the
Himalayas) and in Europe (Central Europe and the Balkan peninsula) at an altitude
of more than 1800 m. The species is endangered and is included in the Red Book of
Bulgaria. It is protected by law in other countries (e.g. UK, Finland, Russia,
Mongolia), too. Rhodiola is a multipurpose medicinal herb with adaptogenic
properties. Its radix and rhizome extracts increase the body’s nonspecific resistance
and normalize body functions; provoke antidepressant, anticancer, cardio
protective and central nervous system stimulating effects. In this study we were
searching for in vitro cultivation conditions stimulating bioactive substances
production. That is why calli were chosen which have been cultivated on media
varying in phytoregulators' nature and concentrations. Total phenolic/flavonoid
content and radical scavenging activity was determined in these calli. Antioxidant
properties were influenced by the composition of the cultivation media. In this
study a good correlation was obtained between the scavenging activity of DPPH
radical with, both, the total phenolic content and the total flavonoid content in
studied extracts. In our experiments a relation between the callus colour
/structure/texture and the secondary metabolite amounts is not profound. Despite
the low accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the calli of Bulgarian
R. rosea the presence of these metabolites indicates the possibility for production
of biologically active substances by non differentiated cells. This could be a basis for
in vitro metabolic engineering and biotransformation for alternative production of
valuable substances by rose root.
76
P30 – Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of
essential oil from Seseli rhodopeum
Milka Todorova1, Antoaneta Trendafilova1, Stoyanka Stoitsova2,
Radka Ivanova 2
1
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian
2
Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia,
Bulgaria
Seseli rhodopeum Vel. is a Bulgarian endemic species with limited distribution in
West and Central Rhodopes. It is included in the Red book of Bulgaria as a rare
species. Essential oils of some Seseli species have been found to exhibit
antimicrobial and antifungal activity. The objective of this study was to investigate
chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil obtained by
hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of S. rhodopeum. The yield of the essential oil
was 0.7% w/w. Thirty six components in concentration over 0.1%, representing
99.9% of the oil, were identified. The oil was characterized by a high amount of
monoterpene hydrocarbons (84.7%), while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were only
7.3%. Oxygenated terpenoids were also in relatively low concentrations (7.9%).
Sabinene was the principal component and reached 51.3%. α-Pinene (11.8%) and
β-phellandrene (10.3%) were also dominant compounds, while germacrene-D, the
main sesquiterpene, was found in moderate concentration (4.3%). Terpinen-4-ol
(2.9%) was the main oxygenated monoterpene. Hexenylvalerate and hexenyltiglate
in addition to cryptone, α- terpineol, δ-elemene and α-copaene, were registered in
traces. Sabinene, α-pinene and β-phellandrene were reported as main components
of S. buchtormense oil from flower heads. Sabinene in concentration over 50% has
been found so far only in the fruit oil of S. globiferum. The antibacterial activity of
the oil was tested against a set of five reference strains of Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria on Müller-Hinton agar. Moderate activity was obtained against S.
aureus ATCC 27853.
77
P31 – Flavonoid glycosides and free radical scavenging
activity of two Bulgarian Alchemilla species
Antoaneta Trendafilova1, Milena Nikolova2, Milka Todorova1,
Antonina Vitkova2, Anna Gavrilova2
1
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian
2
The commercial drug “Herba Alchemillae” (Lady’s mantle) is an aggregate of closely
related species with a wide use in traditional medicine. Seven Alchemilla species
were found in the drug collected in Bulgaria. Among them, A. mollis (Buser) Rothm.
(Rosaceae) and the Bulgarian endemic A. achtarovii are critically endangered
species included in the Bulgarian Red Book. Successful cultivation of these species
has been conducted for the last 15 years in Bulgaria. However, the literature survey
revealed no data concerning detailed phytochemical study and antioxidant activity
of A. mollis and A. achtarovii. Aerial parts of cultivated A. mollis and A. achtarovii
were extracted with MeOH and then separated into petroleum ether, CHCl3, EtOAc
and H2O layers. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH
assay. It was found that ethyl acetate extracts of both species possessed the
highest radical scavenging activity and they were subjected to Sephadex LH-20 CC.
Further, flavonoid containing fractions were purified by RP-18 CC to give individual
compounds. Three different types of glycosides – kaempferol, quercetin and
gossypetin were identified by spectral methods. cis-Tiliroside, trans-tiliroside,
hyperoside, isoquercitrin and miquelianin were found in both investigated species.
In addition, guaijaverin trifolin and variabiloside G were isolated from A. achtarovii,
while rhodiolgin and gossypetin-7-O-rhamnoside-3-O-galactoside were found in A.
mollis. It should be noted that gossypetin-7-O-rhamnoside-3-O-galactoside is a new
natural compound.
78
P32 – Chorological studies of some medicanal plants
from sozological categories of the RomaniaN Fagaras
Mountains flora
Alexiu Valeriu
University of Pitesti, Romania
Based on the estimated number of the Romanian Flora (more than 4000 species
and subspecies of higher plants), a significant amount of medicinal plants is
growing in Arges County. The information from the literature and personal
researches in the field have shown the existence of 2009 species and subspecies in
the Fagaras Mountains in the Arges County. All these taxonomic categories belong
to 584 genera and 144 botanical families. Among these species and subspecies, 411
are included in the following categories of the Red List: rare, vulnerable, endemic
to Romania, endemic to Romania but not endangered, species having rare
European specific spreading area, species having endangered European specific
spreading area (IUCN Red List, Habitats Directive Annex IIb, IVb and Bern
Convention -App I). Results of this paper regarding chorology, ecology and
medicinal proprieties of the studied species offer useful information concerning the
biodiversity, conservation and possibilities for economic and medicinal
exploitation.
79
P33 – Quantitative and qualitative performance of two
golden root (Rhodiola rosea L.) accessions grown at
different altitude in Northern Italy
Fabrizio Scartezzini1, Nicola Aiello1, Carla Vender1, Francesca
Cangi2, Sara Mercati2, Sergio Fulceri2
1
Research Unit (CRA-MPF), Piazza Nicolini, 6 - 38123 Trento, Italy
2
Laboratorio Controllo Qualità, Gruppo Aboca –Planta medica, Aboca
S.p.a. Via della Libertà 37/ter - 06010 Pistrino di Citerna (PG), Italy
Rhodiola rosea L. (golden root) roots and rhizomes are rich in phenylpropanoids
active compounds (rosavin, rosin, rosarin) and in phenylethanoids (salidroside and
tyrosol), all showing with adaptogenic properties, for which they have been used
since a long time for medicinal purposes. Golden root grows in many places of the
Alpine range on rocks and Alpine or sub-alpine meadows, mainly on siliceous
substratum. In the Eastern Alps of the Trentino province, its presence is quite
abundant in various environments. In 2004, numerous seedlings were obtained
from seeds of two accessions, one collected in the Eastern Alps of the Trentino
province, and the other from the Botanical Garden “Paradisia” in Cogne, Val
d’Aosta. In May 2005, these plantlets were transplanted (8 plants m -2) in two fields
situated in the surroundings of Trento at different altitudes (Bondone 1,570 m a.s.l.
and Frisanchi at 1,078 m a.s.l.). In 2010, a sample of 5 plants/accession was
harvested three times: the first time at the end of May (beginning of flowering), the
second time in June (full bloom) and the third time in October (beginning of
dormancy). At each harvest, fresh and dry weights of the single plants were
recorded and on three plants also the content of the main active compounds
(rosavin, rosin, rosarin, salidroside and tyrosol) was determined by HPLC.
Furthermore, at the first two harvests the number of stems/plant, their height and
their fresh and dried weight were recorded too. Both accessions gave better
productive and qualitative parameters in the field situated at higher altitude
(Bondone) where, on average, roots dry yield ranged about 113 g/plant and
salidrosides percent 1.1. In the location “Frisanchi” the roots dry yield ranged about
50 g/plant and salidrosides percent: 0.7. The phenylpropanoids content ranged
about 1.2% in both locations.
80
P34 – Genetic improvement of essence percent and dry
flower yield in German chamomile (Matricaria
chamomilla L.) populations
Golparvar Ahmad Reza
Department of Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University-Isfahan, Iran
German chamomile is one of the most important medicinal plants. Assessment of
genetic diversity and relationship among the traits are very essential in Chamomile
breeding programs. Determination of the best indirect selection criteria for genetic
improvement of essence percent and dry flower yield of German chamomile
(Matricaria chamomilla L.) populations was investigated using some morphological,
agronomical and phonological characteristics. In this experiment, statistical design
of RCBD with three replications was used. Number of flower plant-1, fresh flower
yield plant-1, days to budding, days to 50 and 100% of flowering, number of
flowering stem, plant height, number of tiller plant-1, dry flower yield plant-1 and
essence percent were measured. Analysis of variance showed highly significant
differences among chamomile populations for all the studied traits. This assigns
genetic diversity for mentioned traits and possibility of genetic improvement of
these via selection. Assessment of correlation coefficients revealed positive and
significant relationship of the majority of traits with dry flower yield as well as some
traits with essence percent. Path analysis indicated applicability of indirect
selection through the traits days to 50% flowering, No. flower plant -1, fresh flower
yield plant-1 and days to budding for genetic improvement of dry flower yield
specifically in early breeding generations. The traits 50% flowering and No. flower
plant-1 also were introduced as the best indirect selection criteria for improvement
of essence percent based on path analysis results.
81
P36 – Screening of important medicinal herbs for water
stress tolerance
A. S. Thakur1, P. S. Thakur2
1
Department of Basic Sciences, University Of Horticulture and Forestry,
Solan-173 230 (Hp), India
2
Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, University Of Horticulture
and Forestry, Solan-173 230 (Hp), India
The aim of this study was to screen herb species having immense medicinal values,
for water stress tolerance. Intrinsic abilities of five herb species namely,
Chlorophytum borivilianum, Stevia rebaudiana, Withania somnifera, Andrographis
paniculata and Salvia sclarea for relative drought tolerance have been investigated
by conducting pot culture experiments under controlled conditions in the poly
house. The findings based on the quantum of data collected for growth, production
and physiological behavior revealed differential relative potential to sustain
performance and cope with the conditions of water stress. The data obtained for
growth, herb yield and physiological parameters for unstressed and stressed
medicinal and aromatic herb species indicated differential responses to imposed
levels of water stress. Comparative performance of five herb species to stress
magnitude including zero, 25, 50 and 75% water deficit for stress duration of 10, 20
and 30 days revealed that herb species like Salvia, Chlorophytum and Withania
possess better abilities to sustain growth under conditions of water stress. For
example, growth and herb yield reduction even at 75% water deficit up to 30 days
of stress was substantially less in Salvia, Chlorophytum and Withania as compared
to Andrographis and Stevia. Drought tolerance or susceptibility of herb species was
judged based on growth, herb yield and physiological indices. Growth parameters
like height, number of leaves, flower no, flower buds, leaf area, root characters,
shoot and root fresh and dry weight, etc formed the basis for testing relative
drought tolerance.
82
P37 – Alpine plant extracts: from nature to the lab
José F. Vouillamoz1, Claude-Alain Carron1, Christophe Boissard2,
François Paul2
1
Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Département de recherche en
production et protection des cultures en régions alpines / cultures sous
serre, Centre de Recherche Conthey, Suisse
2
DSM Nutritional Products Ltd - Branch Pentapharm - Usine Alpaflor ,
Vouvry, Switzerland
Alpine plants reputedly produce significant amounts of secondary metabolites,
many of them being important pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals, as often
reported in local traditional medicine. Considerable effort has been made to
generate such metabolites in plant cell or tissue culture, but horticultural
production still remains the main supply for plant extracts. Domestication of rare or
endangered species is therefore a key issue, also playing a role in the sustainability
with conservation of wild populations in the Alps. This can be achieved either by
direct sowing of wild seeds (like Artemisia sp.), going through germination tests, or
by vegetative propagation from wild plants (like Peucedanum ostruthium).
Subsequently, breeding programmes and improvement of organic cultivation in
mountain areas procedures also increase plant extracts production. Secondary
metabolites have to be identified using a wide range of methods such as analytical
and preparative HPLC‘s with different detectors. In particular, bio-guided
fractionations are used to detect the active compounds and their potential
cosmetic activities. In addition, a selection program can be performed in order to
increase the composition of particular active compounds and to improve
agronomic quality of the plant (like Leontopodium alpinum var. ‘Helvetia’). Another
major aspect of the extract performance is to obtain the highest concentration of
active compounds by defining the optimal plant part and the optimal harvesting
time. Several examples illustrate here the successful collaboration between a
research centre and a cosmetic industry in Switzerland.
83
P38 – Cultivation trial of Arnica montana L. wild
accessions
Nicola Aiello, Fabrizio Scartezzini, Carla Vender
Research Unit (CRA-MPF), Piazza Nicolini, 6 - 38123 Villazzano, TN, Italy
Arnica is a mountain medicinal plant which has been used for centuries to trait skin
inflammations and injuries. Morphological characteristics and drug yield of three
Arnica Alpine (wild) accessions (B. G. Paradisia-Aosta, Monte Bondone and Malga
Juribello-Trento) were compared in an experimental trial carried out for two years
in the neighbourhood of Trento. The trial was carried out by transplant (50 x 20
cm), on 4th June 2009 according to a randomized block design with four
replications. The morphological parameters were recorded in the 2 nd year of
cultivation (2010) on 7 June, while flowerheads were harvested every 4-5 days
starting from 3rd to 25th June of the same year, when their florets were completely
opened. The yield of dried flowerheads ranged about 13-33 g m-2 and 2-4 g per
plant. As regard the morphological traits the data recorded ranged from these
values: plant height 35 cm on average; leaf length: 7- 12 cm; leaf width: 4-4.5 cm;
n° of stems/plant: 1.6-3.2; n° of flower-heads per plant: 9.5-15; diameter of the
main flower-head: 7.1 cm on average; n° of the ligulate florets on the main flowerhead: 15-19; maximum diameter of the basal rosette: 22-25 cm; n° of basal
rosettes per plant: 3-6.
84
P39 – Seed germination tests on Arnica montana L. and
Rhodiola rosea L. wild populations
Nicola Aiello, Renato Bontempo, Carla Vender
Research Unit (CRA-MPF), Piazza Nicolini, 6 - 38123 Villazzano, TN, Italy
The seeds of seven Arnica montana and four Rhodiola rosea wild accessions,
collected in different natural sites of Trentino (Italy), were used to carry out the
trials. The germination tests (three replications of 100 seeds each in 9-cm-diameter
plastic Petri dishes) were carried out in a thermostatic chamber provided with cool
white fluorescent tubes (OSRAM TL40 W/33), at constant temperature (20 ± 0.5°C),
in light conditions (8 h under 32 µmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon-flux density),
for 30 days. As regards Arnica the seed germination varied from 34% to 91%, the
mean germination time from 7.9 to 8.9 days and the thousand seed weight from
0.88 to 1.56 g. In the case of Rhodiola (seeds treated with 100 mg L-1 of GA3 to
overcome the dormancy) the germination capacity varied from 85% to 96% and the
T.S.W. from 0.11 to 0.16 g, while the M.G.T. was of 9.7 days on average.
85
P40 – The study on the effects of different levels of
vermicompost and plant density on quantitative and
qualitative characters of evening primrose (Oenothera
biennis L.)
M. Azizi, H. Neamati
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi university of
Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
To evaluate the effects of different levels of vermicompost and plant density on
evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.), the experiment was conducted as a
factorial experiment on the basis of Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD)
with 12 treatments and 3 replications during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. The
treatments included 4 levels of vermicompost (0, 2, 3 and 5 kg.m-2) and 3 levels of
plant density (9, 12 and 20 pl.m-2). During the flowering period, traits such as plant
height, the number of branches, the number of capsules and seeds per capsule on
the main stem and branches separately, seed and oil yields were measured. Oil
extraction was carried out by Soxhelet apparatus and its percentage was
determined as weight. Finally, analysis of fatty acids was done by Gas
Chromatography (GC) device. Oil density and refractive index were also evaluated.
The results showed that the vermicompost application increased plant height, seed
yield, oil percentage, yield and refractive index. Increasing the plant density
decreased the number of branches, capsules and seeds per capsules of main stem
and branches significantly, but increased seed and oil yields. There was a significant
interaction between vermicompost and plant density on the number of branches,
the number of seeds per capsules of main stem and branches and percentage,
density and oil refractive index. The major saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid
and linoleic acid was the major unsaturated fatty acid. The amount of γ-linolenic
acid (GLA) was in optimum range (7-8 %) and the highest amount of it was achieved
with the treatment of 2 kg.m-2 vermicompost and 9 pl.m-2. Overall, application of 2
kg.m-2 vermicompost and 20 and 9 pl.m-2 were the best treatment by considering
the percentage and yield of oil and the percentage and ratio of unsaturated fatty
acids to saturated fatty acids, respectively.
86
P41 – New diseases and pests in medicinal and aromatic
plants
Vincent V. Michel and Catherine A. Baroffio
Growing medicinal and aromatic plants as agricultural crops has many advantages
compared to the gathering method. But in such more intensive production
systems, pests and diseases appear with great regularity. In many cases, they are
not new organisms, but not yet identified as a problem on medicinal or aromatic
plants. Therefore, a diagnostic service for such cases is most important for the
elaboration of adapted production systems and breeding programs for resistant
cultivars. Such a diagnostic service exists at Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil.
87
P42 – Flowers of medicinal and aromatic plants fertilized
by bees in Algeria mountainous area
Leila Bendifallah, Naima Razallah, Saloua Razkallah
Université M’hamed Bougara, Faculté des Sciences, Département de
Biologie, 1 avenue de l’indépendance, DZ-35000 Boumerdes, Algeria
This study concerned floral resources favored by wild bees and honey bees in the
region of Bouira, part of the Ahl El Ksar mountain (880m. elevation) in northern
Algeria. Bees contribute to biodiversity and life on Earth. They are essential for the
successful sexual reproduction of many plants. Probably, their most important
activity, in terms of benefits to humans, is their pollination of natural vegetation.
Also, one-third of the world’s crops require pollination to improve the quality of
seeds and fruits. Indeed, the great majority of crops are pollinated by many of the
estimated 25,000 species of bees. The relationship between bees and flowers is
therefore mutualistic. In this context, our study has inventoried nine plant species
that belong to six plant families. The Asteraceae family is the most favored; its
flowers are visited by 40 species. Next is the Labiateae family with 23 species then
the Cistaceae family with 11 species. The Asteraceae and the Cistaceae families
were preferred by both Megachilidae and Halictidae, the Brassicaceae were
appreciated by Andrenidae. The main plants appreciated by social and solitary wild
bees are Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Pers., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Cistus albidus L.
and Leontodon hispidus L. In terms of species richness and total abundance of
flower- visiting wild bees, our analyses show that the wild bee communities are
very diverse. This is due to the mild climate and rich flora of the region. The fauna
of wild bees we recorded is divided between 4 families and 7 genera. A significant
diversity is noted for the Halictidae family. Three species and one subspecies are
new records for Algeria: Anthophora fulvitarsis Brullé, 1832, Andrena haemorrhoa
Fabricius, 1781, Lasioglossum arabs Pérez, 1907 and Osmia latreillei ssp.
iberoafricana Peters, 1975. The maximum number of taxa is observed in April,
coinciding with the flowering of most plants.
88
P43 – Study of phenological stages and factors affecting
on regeneration of Foxtail lily (Eremurus spectabilis)
Majid Dashti, Hamed Zarif Ketabi, Hossein Tavakkoli
Khorasan-e-Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center
(KANRRC)
Foxtail lily (Eremurus spectabilis) is a perennial plant of the Liliaceae family. Its
dried roots are sticky when powdered and exposed to water. Its leaves are used as
a vegetable in early growth season and sometimes as a mixture with other
medicinal plant. This research was conducted to study habitat characteristics,
phenology, morphology, root system and factors affecting regeneration. In two
sites of North East of Iran (Khorasan-e- Razavi Province) , phenological stages were
recorded in 10-15 days intervals during 3 years. In order to determine relations
between soil and plant, some physiochemical characteristics of soil such as texture,
pH, EC, Na+, K+, lime and gypsum were studied. Geology of provenance was
studied using geological maps and field check. Results showed that this species
exists in rocky foothills in all geographical orientations and slopes of 12% to 68%
with 900 to 3600 m height above sea level. Phenological stages varied in different
altitudes and years. Vegetation growth initiated when rosette leaves appeared in
mid March, followed by floral initiation in April and then florets blooming during
May. Fruitset initiated from late May. In early June seeds are in dough stage, then
ripe and shed in early July. Phenological stages delayed of 6-7 days for every 200
meter of increasing in altitude. A plant that flowered in current year may flower
again next year or not for several years. Precipitations vary from 200 to 600 mm
and annual mean temperature is between 5-15 degrees centigrade. 50 percent of
locations are located in cold semi arid climate. This species prefers sandy loam, silty
loam and well drained soil with pH=7. Low EC indicates less salt-tolerance of this
species. Parent materials are sheil, lime and volcanic stone. This species
regenerates by seeds (sexually). Root dividision (asextually) was not successful.
Seeds require cold pre-treatment to germinate. After 4 months, 50 percent of the
seeds germinated in laboratory condition. Roots were usually harvested
traditionally after leave drying, when seed are not completely mature (milky to
dough stage). These caused severe reduced regeneration.
89
P44 – Micropropagation of Nepeta nuda L. – Influence of
auxins and cytokinins
Y. Y. Nedelkova, M. A. Dimitrova, Z. P. Yordanova,
V. M. Kapchina-Toteva
Department of Plant Physiology, Biology Faculty,
Sofia University ‘St. Kl. Ohridski’, Sofia, Bulgaria
The genus Nepeta (Lamiaceae) comprises more than 250 species of annuals and
perennials most of which grow wild in Central and Southern Europe, Northern
Africa, Central and Southern Asia. Nepeta nuda L. was collected in Lozen mountain
location near Sofia and successfully in vitro multiplicated on MS medium. Nepeta
nuda possesses diuretic, antispasmodic, antiasthmatic, antioxidant and sedative
properties. The effect of different concentrations (0,1-1,0mg.L-1) of cytokinin BAP
(6-Benzylaminopurine) and auxin IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) on number and length
of shoots, callusogenesis, root formation and chlorophyll content of in vitro
propagated Nepeta nuda plants was investigated. Significant stimulation of number
of shoots was observed on MS medium supplemented with 0,8 mg.L -1 BAP by
comparison with control plants grown on MS medium. All concentrations of BAP
suppressed root formation and increased callusogenesis in high concentrations.
BAP strongly decreased the chlorophyll content in in vitro propagated Nepera nuda
plants, whereas IBA stimulated the root formation and increased the length of
shoots in high concentrations (0,7 – 1,0 mg.L-1). Slight increase of chlorophyll
content was established on MS medium with 0,4 mg.L-1 IBA. So far, this is the first
report on in vitro propagated Nepeta nuda through direct plant regeneration
technique and it offers an effective alternative method for propagation and
preservation of this important medicinal plant.
90
P45 – Comparison of volatile compounds induced by
aphids and mechanical damage in Achillea collina
Annamaria Giorgi1, Sara Panseri2, Niranjala Nanayakkarawasam
Masachchige Chandrika Nanayakkara3, Luca M Chiesa2,
Manuela S Mattara1, Maurizio Cocucci3
1
GeSDiMont, Centro di studi applicati per la gestione sostenibile e la difesa
della montagna, Via Morino, 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy
2
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza
Alimentare, Universita’ di Milano , via G.Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
3
Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Universita’ di Milano, via G. Celoria
2, 20133, Milan, Italy
Plants usually release small quantities of volatile compounds, but when they are
damaged by herbivorous as well as mechanically stressed, many more volatiles are
produced. This biochemical plasticity of plants can be modulated by environmental
stimuli and has ecological functions. Odor blends emitted by herbivore-infested
plants are complex mixtures that are often composed of more than 100 different
compounds, many of them occurring as minor constituents. Plant species usually
differ in odor composition but also share several compounds, for example (E)-ocimene and (3Z)-hex-3-enyl acetate that are found in both lima beans and
cucumber. Even within a species, the volatiles emitted differ both quantitatively
and qualitatively, depending on the plant developmental stage as well as on biotic
or abiotic stress conditions. This work describes the application of a Headspace
Solid Phase Microextraction method (HS-SPME) to characterize the volatile
compounds emitted in vivo by plants of Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb that were
infested by aphids (Mizus persicae) using a chamber especially designed for this
task. SPME is a simple and sensitive pre-concentration and extraction technique
that is applied to a wide range of analyses of metabolites and volatile compounds
of medicinal plants. The opportunity to use this method to evaluate variations
caused by specific plant-insect interactions (aphids) is discussed here. We have also
analysed and compared the volatile compounds induced by mechanical damage
simulating the damage provoked by aphids. Many volatiles appeared as new
compounds after infestation as well as after mechanical damage. In particular,
-Fenchene, Terpinol-cisPinocarvone,
Aromadendrene, Iso-caryophyllene, D-Germacrene and Patchoulene. (3Z)-hex3-enyl acetate was the most abundant volatile compound to be isolated in the
headspace of plant after mechanical damage. The dynamic plasticity in secondary
metabolites is an important issue for future research on medicinal plants.
91
P46 – Effect of soil in the growth of Gentiana lutea L.
radical system in northern mountains of León (Spain)
O. González, S. Mayo, A. Rodríguez, P.A. Casquero
Department of Agrarian Engineering and Sciences, Institute of Natural
Resources, University of León,Av. Portugal, 41, 24071 León, Spain
Gentiana lutea L. is a high mountain wild plant whose roots have been used for
traditional medicinal purposes in northwest mountains of the Iberian Peninsula as a
stomach tonic, or to solve the problems of lack of appetite. This medicinal activity
is mainly due to the bitter compounds, of which amarogentin is the bitterest
compound known. The bitter compounds gentiopicrin and swertiamarin are also
important. Amarogentin it’s found mainly in the periderm while both gentiopicrin
and swertiamarin are also found in young tissues, such as the cortex. Soil sample
and radical systems were collected from twelve populations. Roots have been
separated in: rhizome, primary and secondary root (lateral roots). The diameter of
the different parts (cortex and xylem) has been measured to know the proportion
of the cortex and the effect of soil characteristics in the radical system growth.
Results show that in the secondary roots, where the ratio cortex-xylem is higher,
there is a significant negative correlation between concentration of P, Mg, Na, Cu,
B, and Zn, and root diameter. Similar correlation is observed between Cu and K
content and cortex thickness in these secondary roots; and a positive correlation
between Mg and Zn content and cortex-xylem ratio. In principal roots there is a
significant negative correlation between concentration of K and ratio cortex-xylem.
Finally, we show a high correlation between sand content and thickness of cortex.
This correlation is positive in primary and secondary roots and inverse in rhizome.
In conclusion, sandy soils with high levels of Mg and Zn improve the growth of
thicker roots with high ratio cortex-xylem, where is higher bitter compounds
concentrations.
92
P47 – Effect of selected bio-fertilizers on yield indices
and essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Meisam Pourhadi, Ebrahim Hadavi, Hasanali Naghdi-Badi
Horticulture Dept., Agriculture Faculty, Islamic Azad University-Karaj
Branch, Azadi St., Eram Blvd., Mehrshahr, Karaj, Iran, Postal
code:31876/44511
This experiment was conducted under field conditions to evaluate the effects of
some selected bio-fertilizers on agronomic and quality traits of peppermint. A
complete randomized block design with three replications was used. Nine
treatments were done as follows: Azospirillum/Azotobacter (Nitroxin 4 and 8
Kg/ha), Azospirillum/Bacillus subtilis/ Pseudomonas fluorescens (Super Nitro Plus 4
and 8 Kg/ha), Thiobacillus (Biosulfur 4 and 8 Kg/ha), Urea fertilizer (75 and 100
Kg/ha), along with a control treatment with no fertilization. The results indicated
that application of bio-fertilizers increased the yield indices on par with Urea
fertilizer. Leaf size, leaf fresh/dried weight, leaf number, essential oil per dried
weight increased significantly in all bio-fertilizer and Urea applied treatments
compared to control treatments. GC analysis of essential oil showed that the
percentage of menthone and menthol was slightly higher in Urea treatments.
Based on these results, the mentioned bio-fertilizers could be considered as
affordable substitute for chemical fertilization which could enhance the ecological
parameters of soil as well.
93
P48 – Growth and essential oil yield of Basil (Ocimum
basilicum L.) as affected by foliar sprays of citric acid and
salicylic acid
Nima Jafari, Ebrahim Hadavi
Branch, Azadi St., Eram Blvd., Mehrshahr, Karaj, Iran, Postcode:
31876/4511
We investigated the effect of foliar application of three levels of citric acid (0, 0,1,
and 0,3 % w/v) and three levels of salicylic acid (0, 0,2, and 0, 4 % w/v) on height, leaf
dimensions, SPAD reading, and yield indices (wet yield, dry yield and essential oil
yield) of basil. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block
design factorial arrangement (3×3), with four replications. Foliar sprays started 24
days after planting and repeated every 10 days for total of three times. Factorial
analysis suggested both citric acid and salicylic acid affecting only on essential oil
yield. Essential oil yield for 0, 0,1 and 0,3 % w/v of citric acid was 42.9, 52.9 and 58.8
kg/ha respectively. The essential oil for 0, 0,2 and 0,4 % w/v salicylic acid were 54.9,
56.5 and 43.3 kg/ha respectively. Salicylic acid either had no effect or decreased
the essential oil yield in 0,4 % w/v level. The mean comparison among factor-levels
revealed more effects by both factors; 0,1 % w/v citric acid treatment (citric acid 0,1 %
w/v + salicylic acid 0 % w/v) caused the leaf width and length to increase slightly
(α=0.028 , 0.070 respectively). A significant increase in fresh yield compared to
most other factor-level combinations including control, was noticed in same
treatment (α=0.005). The highest dry yield of 10902 kg/ha was reached in same
treatment comparing with control with 8481 kg/ha (α=0.032). Essential oil yield
was significantly higher than control in most factor-levels that contained citric acid.
The highest essential oil yield was observed in citric acid 0,1 % w/v + 0 % w/v salicylic
acid with mean of 73.4 kg/ha compared to 39.5 kg/ha in control. The citric acid
ease of availability and usage makes it a promising candidate in manipulation of
secondary metabolism related pathways in medicinal plants.
94
P49 – Growth and essential oil yield of Dill (Anethum
graveolens L.) as affected by foliar spray of citric acid
and malic acid
Nima Jafari, Ebrahim Hadavi
Branch, Azadi St., Eram Blvd., Mehrshahr, Karaj, Iran, Postcode:
31876/44511
Effect of foliar application of three levels of citric acid (0, 1, and 3 % w/v) and three
levels of malic acid (0, 1, and 3 % w/v) on height, chlorophyll content, postharvest
performance and yield indices (wet yield, dry yield and essential oil yield) of dill
was studied. The experiment was conducted in a randomized design factorial
arrangement (3×3), with four replications. Foliar sprays started 24 days after
planting and repeated every 10 days for two additional times. Factorial analysis
revealed that citric acid caused the incidence of powdery mildew to decrease
significantly from 75% in 0 % w/v to 43% and 36 percent in 1 and 3 % w/v citric acid
respectively. The quality scoring after 16 days of storage in 4 °C revealed that citric
acid had significantly increased the keeping quality score from 2 to 3 and 4 in 1 and
3 % w/v citric acid respectively. Malic acid at 3 % w/v increased the plant height
significantly. The mean comparison among factor-levels revealed more among
effects of both factors; citric acid 3 % w/v + malic acid 3 % w/v combination created
the tallest plants with 97.4 cm which were significantly different than the control
factor-level combination (C0M0) with 70.6 cm. The C3M0 factor-level caused the
highest wet weight. Dry weight of C3M0 was on the top with 11482 kg/ha followed
by 10447 kg/ha in C0M3. C3M0 treated dills showed the highest resistance against
powdery mildew. C3M1 and C3M0 both had the highest mean quality score of 4.5
and 4.3 after 16 days of storage. The highest essential oil yield was observed in
C3M0 with mean of 54.3 kg/ha comparing C0M0 with mean of 23.8 kg/ha. Based
on the results we suggest using these organic acids in manipulation of plant
responses and adaptability and resistance to adverse situations.
95
P50 – Effect of Zn fertilization and irrigation on growth
parameters and essential oil content of Costmary
(Tanacetum balsamita L.)
Hassani Abbas1, Derakhshani Zaynab1, Sefidkon Fatemeh2,
Rasouli-Sadaghiani MirHassan3
1
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University,
P.O.Box: 165, Urmia, Iran
2
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, P.O.Box: 13185116, Iran
3
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University,
P.O.Box: 165: Urmia, Iran
Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita L.) is a herbaceous, rhizomatous and perennial
plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. A pot experiment was conducted to
evaluate the effects of zinc nutrition under different irrigation regimes on growth,
essential oil content and composition of costmary. Experimental treatments were
three irrigation regimes (2, 4 and 8 days intervals) and three zinc nutrition levels (0,
1 and 2 mg kg-1 as soil application). The results showed that irrigation regimes had
significant effects on evaluated parameters. As the soil water content decreased,
leaf area, fresh and dry weight of aerial parts, dry weight of roots, chlorophyll
content, zinc content of leaves and essential oil yield were decreased and in
contrast root to shoot ratio and essential oil content were increased. Growth
parameters, chlorophyll content, zinc content of leaves, essential oil content and
yield were increased by zinc application. Carvone, α-thujone and β-thujone were
the main components identified in the essential oil. Regardless of zinc nutrition, the
highest carvone and α-thujone content were observed in 4 and 8 irrigation
intervals, respectively. β-thujone did not show significant changes under zinc
nutrition and irrigation regimes.
96
P51 – Essential oil content and composition of
Germander (Teucrium polium L.) as influenced by
harvesting time
Hassani Abbas1,2, Beri Sahar1, Kheiri Farshad2, Sharafi Soran3,
Heidari Mahnaz4
1
2
Department of Medicinal and Industrial Plants, Institute of Biotechnology,
Urmia University, P.O.Box: 165, Urmia, Iran
3
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture,
Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch, Mahabad 59135, Iran
4
Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azerbaijan,
Urmia, Iran
The genus Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae) is represented by 12 species in the flora of Iran.
Teucrium polium L. is one of the wild-growing species from this genus which has
therapeutic properties and is widely used in Iranian folk medicine. In this study the
effects of harvesting time on content and chemical composition of the essential oil
of T. polium were evaluated. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation
from the arial parts in three stages of plant growth (pre-flowering, full- flowering
and post-flowering) and analysed by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry
(GC/MS). The highest (0.12%) and the lowest (0.06%) of essential oil content were
obtained at full-flowering and post-flowering stages, respectively. Samples from
different growth stages showed qualitative and quantitative variations in the oil
composition. In total, 21, 24 and 12 constituents were identified and quantified in
the essential oils of subsequent stages, respectively. The main components in all of
the oils were α-pinene and β-pinene. β-pinene percentage was lower in the preflowering stage and increased gradually in subsequent harvests to reach a
maximum in the post-flowering stage.
α-pinene content at full-flowering stage
(24.45%) showed considerable differences with respect to pre-flowering (51.63%)
and post-flowering (48.63%) stages.
97
P52 – Impact of exogenous salicylic acid on some growth
parameters, essential oil content and composition of
Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) plants subjected to
drought stress
Hassani Abbas1, Gheibi Seyyed Ali1, Sefidkon Fatemeh2,
Rasmi Yousef3
1
2
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, P.O.Box: 13185116, Iran
3
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of
Medical Science
Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors limiting plant
growth and productivity in the world, therefore development of methods to induce
stress tolerance or ameliorated effects of stress in plants is vital. Salicylic acid (SA)
is a natural phenolic compound that plays an important role in the regulation of
plant growth, development, and response to environmental stresses such as
drought stress. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of SA treatment (as
foliar application in 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) under different irrigation regimes
(irrigation in 5, 10 and 15 days intervals) on growth, yield, and essential oil
characteristics of Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum). As the irrigation intervals
increased, growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry
weight of aerial parts) and essential oil yield decreased, while essential oil content
increased. The effects of SA treatment were dependent on its concentration. The
application of SA in 0.5 and 1mM increased vegetative growth but in 2mM
decreased it. The highest essential oil content was observed in 2mM of SA and
irrigation intervals of every 15 days and the highest essential oil yield was observed
in 1mM of SA and irrigation intervals of every 5 days. Methyl chavicol and 1,8cineole were the major components identified in the essential oil and did not show
significant changes under application of SA and irrigation regimes.
98
P53 – Adventitious shoot regeneration and harpagoside
content of Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai – A rare
endemic medicinal plant
Iyyakkannu Sivanesan1, Mi Young Lim2, Byoung Ryong Jeong1,2,3
1
Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University,
Jinju, Korea 660-701
2
Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju,
Korea 660-701
3
Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju,
Korea 660-701
Scrophularia takesimensis is a rare, endemic medicinal herb species of Ulnung
Island in Korea. It has been used since ancient times in traditional medicine for the
treatment of fever and anti-inflammation. It is becoming endangered due to
increasing human activity in the area and consequent habitat deterioration. Hence,
there is an urgent need to conserve this rare species. Tissue culture techniques
have been established as a useful approach for the conservation of rare and
endangered plant species. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient in
vitro propagation protocol for S. takesimensis. Leaf, petiole and stem explants were
excised from mature field-grown plants and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS)
medium with or without plant growth regulators (PGRs). Direct adventitious shoot
buds were initiated from explants after two weeks of culture on MS medium
containing different concentrations of PGRs. The highest number of shoot buds was
obtained on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg l-1 6-(γ-γdimethylamino)purine (2iP) and 1.0 mg l-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The shoot buds
were transferred to modified MS medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose, 1.0
mg L-1 IBA, and solidified with 0.8% (w/v) agar for four weeks to induce the growth
of shoots and roots. Plantlets were transferred to the greenhouse with a 96%
survival rate. High performance liquid chromatography analysis detected the
presence of harpagoside in shoot culture and greenhouse-grown plants which were
established from in vitro culture. Light intensity and temperature were significantly
affected accumulation of harpagoside in shoot culture. The content of harpagoside
was high in seeds followed by leaves and roots. Application of this protocol would
be helpful in the conservation of this rare, endemic plant species and large scale
production of harpagoside.
99
P54 – Direct adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf
and petiole explants of Ajuga multiflora
Jang Pyung Lee1, Iyyakkannu Sivanesan2,
Byoung Ryong Jeong1,2,3*
1
Korea 660-701
2
3
Korea 660-701
An efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of Ajuga multiflora is described
through adventitious shoot regeneration. The explants were excised from
greenhouse-grown plants and disinfected in a 70% (v/v) ethanol solution for 60 sec,
1.5% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite for 15 min, and 0.1% (w/v) HgCl2 for 5 min. Each
treatment was followed by 3-4 rinses with sterile distilled water. Direct
adventitious shoot buds were initiated from leaf and petiole explants after two
weeks of culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0,
4.0, 8.0, or 16.0 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA), 6-(γ-γ-dimethylamino) purine (2iP) or
thidiazuron (TDZ). Among the plant growth regulators (PGR) tested, TDZ induced
maximum number of shoots at 2.0 µM and the corresponding percentage of shoot
induction was 98%. Lower concentrations of growth regulators did not initiate any
shoot buds, while higher concentrations induced callus and callus mediated
regeneration. The shoot buds were transferred to PGR-free MS medium
supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose and solidified with 0.8% (w/v) agar for four
weeks to induce the growth of shoots and roots. The in vitro-grown plantlets were
successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse with 100% of survival.
100
P55 – Occurrence of phytopathogenic fungi on
medicinal, aromatic and nutraceutical plants in
mountainous areas of Croatia
Joško Kaliterna, Tihomir Miličevid, Aleksandra Bulajid, Branka
Krstid
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant
pathology, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
Croatian mountains mostly belong to Dinarids mountain range and are abundant
with medicinal, aromatic and nutraceutical plants among which some are protected
and endemic species. Occurrence of phytopathogenic fungi on these plants in
natural ecosystems of mountainous areas of Croatia is not investigated well
enough. Phytopathogenic fungi cause various diseases or mycoses that are
responsible for various changes in host plant natural populations. In order to
determine occurrence of phytopathogenic fungi and disease incidence on
medicinal, aromatic and nutraceutical plants, appearance of disease symptoms
during four year period (2007-2010) was monitored. Monitoring was conducted in
Velebit and Biokovo mountain areas on species from genera: Aconitum,
Adenostyles, Allium, Amalanchier, Arctostaphylos, Arnica, Asarum, Berberis,
Crataegus, Cyclamen, Digitalis, Fragaria, Gentiana, Glechoma, Helleborus,
Hypericum, Juniperus, Paeonia, Plantago, Polygonatum, Potentilla, Primula,
Rhamnus, Ribes, Rosa, Rubus, Salix, Sanicula, Sorbus, Vaccinium, Tussilago and
Veratrum. Samples of plant parts showing symptoms, evidently or possibly caused
by plant pathogenic fungi, were collected and analyzed in mycological laboratory.
Identification of fungal plant pathogenic species was performed on the basis of
morphological characters of their spore-bearing structures and spores. A relatively
great number of plant pathogenic fungal species was determined on monitored
plant species. Plant pathogenic fungal species mostly belonged to families
Pucciniaceae (rust fungi) and Erysiphaceae (powdery mildew). On most plants, at
least one fungal phytopathogenic species was determined, except on plant species
from genera Arctostaphylos, Arnica, Paeonia and Digitalis which showed no disease
symptoms. The determined mycoses usually did not appear with high disease
incidence and disease severity, except on several plant species. These exceptions
were appearance of disease with high intensity on Veratrum alba caused by rust
fungus Puccinia veratri, on Vaccinium myrtillus by fungus Septoria albopunctata
and on Helleborus sp. by fungus Coniothyrium hellebori.
101
P56 – Sowing date and plant density effects on
blackseed (Nigella sativa) yield in Iran
Hamid Madani1, Eisa Amoei2, Amir Hosein Shirani Rad 3
1
Department of Agronomy, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University-Arak-Iran
Islamic Azad University - Takestan- Iran
3
Oil seed department – seed and plant breeding institute-Karaj-Iran
2
Blackseed (Nigella sativa L.) is an annual flowering plant of the Ranunculaceae
family, native to southwest Asia. The oil of blackseed is beneficial due to its content
in many compounds such as aromatic oils, trace elements, vitamins and enzymes.
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of sowing date and plant
density on yield and composition of blackseed oil in Shal farms in Gazvin-Iran. Four
plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants/m2) and five sowing dates (5 and 20 of
April, 5 and 20 of May and 5 of June) were applied. Results showed that blackseed
yield was influenced by sowing date and plant density interaction. Early sowing
date of 1000 seeds resulted in weight not being affected by sowing date and
planting density. Earlier sown plants with density of 40 plants/m 2 resulted in higher
seed yields (1025 kg/ha). Later sowing date in all densities was effective on
essential oil content.
102
P57 – Induction of somatic embryogenesis for plant
regeneration in Polianthes tuberosa L.
Taha Rosna Mat, Abdullah Sakinah, Faris Mohd. Adnan Ahmad
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,
50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
The effects of different hormones such as 2,4 -D (2,4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid),
kinetin, IAA (Indole acetic acid ), BAP (Benzyl amino purine), etc. were investigated
on the regeneration capacity and callus formation in Polianthes tuberosa, a species
found in highlands of Malaysia. Polianthes tuberosa is an ornamental plant with
many uses, such as medicinal purposes, religious ceremony and cut flowers
industry. It has white flowers with strong odor. In Malaysia, this species is still
considered to be underexploited. However, in other countries the essential oil of
this plant has been processed into valuable expensive perfumes. Based on the
potential uses of Polianthes tuberosa, mass propagation of this species through
tissue culture is urgently needed. Therefore, in the present study, regeneration was
attempted using various hormones and callus formation in order to obtain
embryogenic callus from various plant organs. Our results showed that complete
plant regeneration could be achieved on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l
kinetin and 2.0 mg/l IAA from flower bud explants. Embryogenic callus and
subsequent somatic embryogenesis were obtained on MS fortified with 2.5 mg/l
2,4-D. Various stages of somatic embryos development such as globular, heartshaped, torpedo and cotyledonary phase were observed. Plant regeneration was
successfully obtained from these somatic embryos.
103
P58 – The effect of drought stress and gibberellic acid
(GA) on germination of Thymus daenensis seeds as a
medical plant
Samira Mohamadaliyan1, Mitra Mirabdulbaghi2
1
Dept. of agronomy, Islamic Azad University of Varamin, Iran
Department of Horticulture, Seed and Plant Improvement Research
Institute, Karaj, Iran
2
In this research, the effects of different levels of osmotic potential and gibberellic
acid (GA) on the germination of Thymus daenensis seeds as an important medical
plant were evaluated in green house experiments. This factorial experiment was
carried out in a complete randomized design with 4 replications using three
concentrations of GA (0, 30, 60 milligram/Liter) and five drought stress (0, 5, 7, 9
and 11Bar) was applied with PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol 6000). Analysis of
variance indicated significant differences among different concentrations of GA
(p<0.05), and among different levels of water potential (p<0.01) for germination
percentage. By attention to results of this experiment application of 30 mg/Liter GA
is advisable for germination of Thymus daenensis seeds under drought stress, even
though of -11bar.
104
P59 – Effect of organic matter from different sources on
yield of saffron
Mohammadzadeh Ahmadreza
Soil and Water Research Division of Khorassan Razavi Agricultural and
Natural Research Center, Iran-Mashhad
Saffron is highly valued all over the world as an agricultural product, medicinal and
aromatic plant and natural spice. This plant has a particular position among field
crops due to the export revenue in Iran. In order to evaluate the effects of organic
fertilizers on flower yield, an experiment was conducted over 6 years (2004-2009)
in Gonabad Research Station. The experiment was based on complete randomized
block designs with three replications. Three different organic fertilizers, cow
manure (65, 50 and 35 t/ha), hen manure 13, 10 and 7 t/ha) and municipal
compost (52, 40 and 28th/ha), were compared with negative treatment. The effect
of 3 organic fertilizers on saffron flower yield was positive. The highest yield of
flowers was obtained by application of 35 t/ha of cow manure. The flower yields in
cow manure treatments were in the order 35t/ha>65t/ha>50t/ha. On the contrary,
with increasing application of municipal compost and hen manure, an increasing
trend was observed in the saffron flower yields. The application of 52 t/ha
municipal, 35 t/ha cow manure and 13 t/ha hen manure on saffron flower yield
was almost the same. In conclusion, municipal compost and hen manure, at higher
rates could be used as sources of organic fertilizer in saffron cultivation.
105
P60 – Photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake during in
vitro culture of Arnica montana L.
Monica Motounu, Gheorghe Cristian Popescu, Valeriu Alexiu
Arnica montana L. is a vulnerable species that is included in Red List of higher
plants in Romania. It is a long-lived perennial species, whose distribution is
restricted to Europe. The plant’s inflorescence has valuable anti-inflammatory and
cicatrizing properties due to the presence of sesquiterpene lactones of the
helenalin type. These lactones also have a cardiotonic and cardiotoxic action. For
these reasons, Arnica montana has been excessively collected and has now become
rare in Romania. In order to restore populations of Arnica montana in southern
Carpathian, studies were undertaken to establish a biotechnology in vitro plant
breeding program, which yielded a significant number of plants. The purpose of
this paper was to study the process of photosynthesis in Arnica montana in vitro
culture. Photosynthetic rate were correlated with the content of assimilating
pigments. The average intensity of photosynthesis in the multiplication phase was
0.472 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1. Poor photosynthetic activity of plantlets cultivated in vitro is
considered one of the major limiting factors for the improvement of
micropropagation efficiency in Arnica montana.
106
P61 – The restoration of Arnica montana
phytopopulations from Arges County flora using in vitro
micropropagation
Magdalena Maria Duţă, Monica Angela Neblea, Alexandru
Teodorescu
University of Piteşti, Faculty of Science, Biology-Horticulture Department,
Romania
Arnica montana L. is a herbaceous, perennial, hemicryptophytic medicinal plant
that is common through all the Carpathian mountain chain, in wet meadows and
pastures, rarely through the glades and bushes, found in subalpine region, rarely in
alpine area. This species is a vulnerable taxa in the Romanian Flora, being
mentioned both in Red List of the superior plants from Romania and in Habitats
Directive 92/43/EEC-Annex 5A. This paper describes the in vitro propagation
technology of Arnica montana L. as part of the project no. 32160/2008 regarding
the chorological study of sozological categories for Arges county flora, in order to
restore endangered plant populations through conventional and biotechnological
methods of propagation. The established biotechnology suggests the use of the
following nutritive media: for initiation – base medium MS, with ½n, 0,005:2 mg/l
auxins/citokinine, 20 mg/l NaFeEDTA, 20 g/l sucrose, 7g/l agar; for multiplication –
base medium LF, with n concentration, 0,02:0,4 mg/l auxins/citokinine 0,02:0,4
mg/l, 32 mg/l NaFeEDTA, supplemented with 40 g/l dextrose and 7g/l agar; for
rooting – the usage of ½n macro and micronutrients MS, n vitamins LS, 0,1mg/l
AG3, 0,2mg/l IBA, 38 mg/l NaFeEDTA 38 mg/l, 30 g/l dextrose, 7g/l agar and 0,3 g/l
activated carbon. The explants obtained in laboratory will be acclimatized in
greenhouse, then in pilot-fields of the natural habitats, where their monitoring will
be done. Some explants will be used for the initiation of some culture for medicinal
purposes as well as ornamental ones, avoiding in this way the abusive gathering of
the plant from nature and consequently the conservation of the biodiversity.
107
P62 – Germination of Peucedanum ostruthium
(Apiaceae)
J. Novak1, C. Wawrosch2, C. Schmiderer1, C. M. Franz1*, B. Kopp2
1
Institute for Applied Botany and Pharmacognosy, University of Veterinary
Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14,
1090 Vienna, Austria
The background of dormancy and optimal germination parameters were studied on
four populations of masterwort (Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) Koch, Apiaceae). The
species is an alpine plant whose roots are used for flavouring and medicinal
purposes. P. ostruthium is characterised by a (non-deep)-morphophysiological
dormancy with an underdeveloped embryo. The optimal germination temperature
is 26°C and light is required for germination. The application of exogenous
gibberellic acid (GA3) lowered germination at optimal conditions but increased
germination under non-optimal conditions, with the exception of one genotype
where germination failed completely when GA3 was applied. This genotype was
characterised by a lower mericarp and embryo size. Afterripening and the high
temperature needed for germination does not allow germination of the mericarps
when they are ripe in fall. A further advantage could be that germination can start
at alpine conditions only in the next year late spring/early summer when late frosts
cannot damage young plantlets anymore.
108
P63 – Some ecophysiological and edaphic parameters of
Angelica archangelica L. (Apiaceae), a threatened high
altitude aromatic herb from Romanian Carpathian
Mountains
Gheorghe Cristian Popescu, Monica Motounu, Valeriu Alexiu
Angelica archangelica (Apiaceae) grows in damp places in northern and eastern
Europe and is commonly used in folk medicine as a remedy for nervousness,
insomnia, stomach and intestinal disturbances, and arthritis. The plant is generally
cultivated for its roots, which are richer in oils than the other organs and whose oil
is esteemed for its use in flavouring and in making perfumes. In Europe, the
essential oil from Angelica archangelica is employed in liquors, dental preparations
and in high-grade perfumery to impart a musky note, which can not be
distinguished easily from that of true musk. Angelica archangelica is a threatened
aromatic herb for which ex situ cultivation is recommended as a conservational
tool. The aim of this work was to characterize the ecophysiological and edaphic
parameters. We measured the leaf gas exchange, assimilatory pigments content,
soil pH, hydrolytic acidity (HA), cation exchange bases sum (BC), total cation
exchange capacity (CEC), cation saturation level (BS). Physiological determinations
were correlated with light intensity, air temperature and humidity. The results of
pH soil are part from slightly soil acid reaction category. Hydrolytic acidity value
was 4.6 meq / 100 g. Results will be used to achieve a nutrient mixture on the
propagation of rare medicinal species. At a light intensity of 3000 lux, 64% humidity
and a temperature of 20o C, the photosynthetic rate was 1.479 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1,
and the respiration rate was 0.425 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1. The present paper deals with
improvement of knowledge for preparation of nutritive substrates used in the
technologies for Angelica archangelica.
109
P64 – Effect of abiotic factors on accumulation of
secondary metabolites in St. John’s Worth raw material
J. Radusiene, Z. Stanius, B. Karpaviciene
Nature Research Centre, Institute of Boatny, LT-08406 Vilnius
Physiological changes in plants in response to different environmental factors may
stimulate secondary metabolites production. The current study was aimed at
estimating the effect of modified environmental conditions like temperature and
light intensity on accumulation of naphthodianthrones, phloroglucinol derivatives
and phenolic compounds in St. John’s worth. Plants were grown in greenhouse
under different temperature and light intensity conditions which were measured
daily; plants were harvested weekly and assayed for the chemical analysis. The high
performance liquid chromatography method employing Shimadzu Prominence LC20A equipment was used for analyzing plant material. Separation carried out using
YMC-Pro C18 (150x4 mm, 3 µm) column. The results of chemical analysis revealed
that increasing growing temperature and light intensity resulted on a linear
increase of hyperforin, hypericins and some of phenolics content in analyzed plant
materials. Multiple regression analyses were performed to describe the
quantitative effects of abiotic factors on accumulation of phytochemical
compounds. Results of statistical analyses revealed that changes in temperature
and light intensity parameters affected significantly the contents of hyperforin,
hypericin and pseudohypericin as well as phenolic compounds concentrations in
raw material that may be attributed to possible plant physiological changes. By
using the data from chemical analyses and temperature/light measurements, we
developed simple equations for predicting the contents of secondary metabolites
which may be a useful tool for the standardization of plant material quality. The
data suggested that temperature and light intensity are important environmental
modeling factors in biotechnological process of raw material production of St.
John’s worth.
110
P65 – Effects of phytohormones on growth phase and
histology studies of in vitro established callus of
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle procured from
Himalayan region of Indian subtropics
Raman Dang1, Kuntal Das2, Rizwan Ahmad1, P.E.Rajasekharan3
1
Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Hosur Main Road, Bangalore- 27, India
St. John’s Pharmacy College, #6, R.P.C. Layout, Vijayanagar, Bangalore-40,
India
3
IIHR, Dept of Plant Biotechnology, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore80, India
2
Podophyllum hexandrum (Family: Berberidiaceae) is an endangered mountain plant
(slope of Himalayas, India) which has important commercial value especially in
treatment of cancer. The callus culture from shoots (from aseptically germinated
seeds) and roots (from cultivated plant) of Podophyllum hexandrum were initiated
and maintained on Murashiage and Skoog (MS) basal medium with various
concentrations of Phytohormones. The study showed that combined use of
Naphthalene Acetic acid (NAA) and 6-Benzyl amino purine (BAP) exhibits better
results (NAA at 0.5μM to 1.5μM and BAP at 1.5 μM to 2.5 μM ) for shoot callus
initiation and maintenance over that of root callus. Growth phase study was
measured with fresh weight method for shoot callus and revealed its growth rate
correlation with sigmoid curve. TLC chromatogram was developed to identify the
presence of podophyllotoxin (active constituent) in shoot callus. Further cytoarchitecture of shoot calli was examined by histochemical analysis using
microtomy. Total protein content, metabolic activities of cells, DNA & RNA content
were investigated to understand the high growth potency of the shoot callus.
Results showed high amount of proteins and insoluble polysaccharides present in
shoot calli, whereas metabolic activity and RNA content were moderate in the
same in case of high proliferation rate of shoot calli.
111
A. Saei1, Hadipour M.2, Khayyam Nekoui M.3, Dehbashi M.1
1
Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Central Iran (ABRICI),
Isfahan, Iran
2
Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
University (SANRU), Sari, Iran.
3
Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran
Papaver Bracteatum L. is a perennial poppy species that contains high
pharmaceutical alkaloid thebaine. The species is native to Iran and the Caucasian
regions and considered as a potential new crop in many countries for the
production of thebaine but was found to be difficult to establish in the field. Seeds
from 9 populations of Papaver Bracteatum in different regions of Iran were
collected. Seeds from each collection site were given different gibberellic acid (GA)
treatments (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg.L-1) under two light regimes (16/8 h light
/dark, 24h dark) and were germinated at constant temperature of 17 °C in a
germination incubator. A statistic regression model was applied to evaluate the
effect of the above-mentioned treatments on the maximum cumulative
germination percentage, the increase rate and the germination lag times. Overall,
dark environment resulted in higher germination percentage for all GA
concentrations. For seeds treated with no GA, germination percentage was higher
than those of treated with GA, and as the GA concentration increasedm, the
germination percentage decreased. GA treatments did not affect any other aspect
of germination curve. Comparing populations, seeds collected in the north of Iran
had significantly higher germination percentage compared to those from the
northwest and west.
112
P67 – Dormancy breaking treatments on eight ecotypes
of Bunium persicum
Amir-Hossein Saeidnejad1, Mohammad Khajeh-Hosseini1,
Mohammad-Ali Askarzadeh2
1
Department of Crop Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad,
Iran
2
Agricultural Science and Natural Resources Research Centre, Mashhad,
Iran
Bunium persicum, which grows in nature in Iran, is one of the most important
medicinal plants used in food and drug technology and medicine. Seed dormancy is
one of the main barriers in its cultivation development and domestication. In order
to evaluate germination properties of different ecotypes of the plant, and the
effect of different treatments on dormancy breaking, an experiment was
conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran in
2010. Seeds of eight ecotypes were collected from their natural habitat in different
regions of Iran. First, the germination test was carried out to find out germination
ability of the ecotypes. Then, tetrazolium test was done in order to investigate the
viability of the seeds. Dormancy breaking treatments were Gibberellic acid (2500
ppm), potassium nitrate (2 g/lit) and stratification at 4 °C for 3, 4, 8 and 12 weeks.
There were no germination symptoms on any of the ecotypes after the germination
test in H2O. Tetrazolium test results represented high amount of seed viability on
all ecotypes (a range of 60-80% viability depends on the ecotype). However, dead
seeds were also observed between the ecotypes. Gibberellic acid and potassium
nitrate treatments did not have any effect on germination of the ecotypes. Wet
stratification had a great effect on germination percentages of the ecotypes.
Germination percentages improved with increasing stratification period. The
highest germination percentages were obtained in 12 weeks stratification
treatment (58% average of the ecotypes). There were also significant differences
between the ecotypes according to germination percentages. In general, it can be
concluded that Bunium persicum seeds have deep physiological dormancy, and
stratification period is needed to break the dormancy. A longer stratification period
of over 12 weeks is proposed.
113
P68 – Effect of light and temperature on growth and
active substances of caraway (Carum carvi L.)
S. Sharafzadeh
Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad Branch, Iran
Caraway (Carum carvi L.) is a member of the Apiaceae family that is widely used as
a condiment, as a drug and for industrial purposes. Growth and accumulation of
active substances are controlled by genetics and environmental factors such as
light and temperature. Concentration of active substances is influenced by
environmental factors directly through metabolic processes and indirectly through
dry matter production. Fruit production, essential oil formation and the proportion
of carvone in the oil depend on light intensity. Light quality is detected by
phytochrome and blue light absorbing photoreceptors and can affect the growth
and active substances. Short days produce taller caraway plants, higher yields and
larger fruits. Photoperiod affects the essential oil production and number of oil
localization places. Low temperatures (16/20°C) are suitable for biennial caraway at
flowering and seed setting stages. The carvone/limonene ratio is found to be higher
in higher versus lower elevations in the Alps. The optimum temperature for the
species controls the level of oil production. Most metabolites are synthesized
under conditions that are most favourable for overall plant growth.
114
P69 – Seed germination behaviour of the endangered
medicinal plant Podophyllum hexandrum Royle.
Xavier Simonnet1, Mélanie Quennoz1, Sarah Sigg-Bouillant1,
Christoph Carlen2
1
Médiplant, Centre de recherche Conthey, 1964 Conthey, Switzerland
2
The overexploitation of Podophyllum hexandrum, an Himalayan medicinal species
belonging to Berberidaceae, is endangering its survival in natural sites. Etoposide, a
derivative podophyllotoxin , is currently in clinical use in the treatment of many cancers.
The cultivation of this species may answer to the growing needs for plant material. But
the difficulties of germination have not favoured its domestication so far. There were
about 20 publications on the subject so far, without a final answer. The existence of a
morphophysiological type of dormancy for the Berberidaceae was mentioned by several
authors. Germination tests started in 2008 in order to understand better the existing
dormancy type. Seeds were collected from a culture in Switzerland in August 2008,
washed and dried, then conserved at room temperature. A preliminary test with
tetrazolium was conducted to check the seeds' viability. From the harvest on and during
200 days, germinations were made 13 times at regular intervals. Seeds treated with
gibberellic acid GA3 (450 ppm, 24h) were compared to untreated seeds. All the drillings
(4 repetitions of 50 seeds) were done in Petri dishes in a germinator (12 hours with light
at 25°C / 12 hours in the dark with 18°C). Excised embryos were also put in culture on the
Gamborg B5 medium, with 3% saccharose supplement and adjusted to a pH of 5.8, with
or without GA3 (2.5 mol/l). This test was conducted 5 times with 2 weeks interval from
the harvest on, with 5 repetitions of 10 embryos per treatment. The embryos culture
happened in a germinator with the same photo- and thermoperiodism as this used for
the seeds. Without GA3 treatment, the germination rate always exceeded 90 % (average
96 %) with an average germination duration of 150 days, without significant difference
according to the seeds' age. The addition of GA3 allowed to increase significantly the
germination speed, particularly for the older seeds, shortening it from 80 days at harvest
time to 40 days for the seeds older than 7 months. The use of GA3 however sank the
germination rate to 56 % in average without significant difference according to the seeds'
age. However the fresh seeds treated with GA3 at harvest were an exception with 90 %
germination. More than 90 % of the excised embryos presented a normal growth
between 5 and 8 days after having been put in culture. No behaviour difference was
observed between the embryos issued from fresh seeds at harvest and those issued from
dried seeds up to 12 weeks after harvest. The addition of gibberellic acid to the culture
medium had no effect on the growth rate or speed. In conclusion, the embryos were
perfectly able to germinate as from harvest. The best result was finally obtained by
treating fresh seeds at harvest with GA3, allowing 90 % germination after 80 days.
Complementary tests including among others temperature effects will be necessary.
115
P70 – Micropropagation of Rhododendron brachycarpum
D. Don
Iyyakkannu Sivanesan1, Byoung Ryong Jeong1,2,3
1
2
Korea 660-701
3
Korea 660-701
Rhododendron brachycarpum is an evergreen hardy shrub species in Korea. It has
been traditionally used as a medicinal plant and designated as a rare plant species.
Hence, there is an urgent need to develop efficient techniques that allow large
scale multiplication and preservation of this rare plant species. To date there have
been no reports on the micropropagation of this species. The objective of this
study was to develop an efficient in vitro propagation protocol for R.
brachycarpum. Actively growing shoots were excised from greenhouse-grown
plants and disinfected in a 70% (v/v) ethanol solution for 60 sec, 5% (v/v) sodium
hypochlorite for 15 min, and 0.1% (w/v) HgCl2 for 10 min. Each treatment was
followed by 3-4 rinses with sterile distilled water. Single nodal explants were
cultured on Anderson’s basal salt (AM) medium containing 3% (w/v) sucrose, 0.8%
(w/v) agar, and different concentrations and combinations of PGRs. A combination
of cytokinins and auxins produced more shoots from nodal explants than on the
medium containing cytokinins alone. The highest percentage of shoot induction
was achieved with a mean of 16 shoots per explant when nodal explants were
cultured on AM medium supplemented with 2.0 mg·L-1 6-(γ-γ-dimethylamino)
purine (2iP), 0.5 mg·L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1.0 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid
(GA3). The microshoots were separated from the multiple shoots and subcultured
onto the AM medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L-1 GA3 for further shoot growth.
For rooting, elongated microshoots (1.0 - 2.0 cm) were transferred to half-strength
basal medium containing different concentrations of auxins. Maximum rooting was
obtained on half-strength AM medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L-1 indole-3butric acid (IBA). The in vitro-grown plantlets were successfully acclimatized in a
greenhouse. This protocol could be utilized for in vitro clonal propagation of this
plant species.
116
P71 – Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants under
agroforestry intervention
P. S. Thakur1, A. S. Thakur2
1
Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, University Of Horticulture
and Forestry, Solan-173 230 (Hp), India
2
Department of Basic Sciences, University Of Horticulture and Forestry,
Solan-173 230 (Hp), India
This article is about the possibility and scope of successful cultivation of medicinal
and aromatic herbs as intercrops with multipurpose tree species under
agroforestry conditions. Diversification of the existing conventional cropping
sequences coupled with developing of suitable technology packages is the need of
the hour to cope up with ever increasing demand for diversified products. The
hypothesis is, if intercropping of annuals, biennials and perennial medicinal plants
in association with fuel, fodder, timber, pulp, fruit trees including tree species with
medicinal values on the farmland, an alternate land use system; can provide
economically viable option for sustainable systems. Our findings reveal that
planting timber, fuel and fodder or fruit tree species in combination with medicinal
and aromatic crops paves the way for diversified products and better economic
returns to the farmers. Multipurpose tree species outside the forest have played
very important role in catering to the day to day requirements of the rural
population. Intercropping medicinal and aromatic herb species makes agroforestry
more remunerative. Rough estimate is that 95% of medicinal and aromatic plants
are collected and harvested from their natural habitats, which has not only reduced
the availability of medicinal plants but severely affected their regeneration and
even posed threat to the existence of some of the valuable species. The ever
increasing demand by the pharmaceutical firms at national and international
scenario has further led to over exploitation of these precious herbs. The
commercial cultivation of medicinal herbs, which are in great demand or high
conservation priority species (endangered species) on the farmland in association
with woody perennials, seems to be a promising strategy with great conservation
impacts.
117
P72 – Influence of 6-benzylaminopurine and indole-3butyric acid on in vitro propagation and secondary
metabolites accumulation in Lamium album L. from
Lozen Mountain
Milena Dimitrova, Zhenya Yordanova, Veneta Kapchina-Toteva
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St.
Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
Lamium album L. (Lamiaceae) possesses a wide spectrum of therapeutic activities
(anti-inflammatory, astringent, anti-septic, antibiotic) which is related to the variety
of biologically active substances which could be found in that plant: flavonoids,
iridoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, triterpenes, saponins, phytoecdysteroids,
amines, essential oils, tannins and mucilage.The effect of different concentrations
(0.1 – 1.0 mg.L-1) of the cytokinin BA (6-benzylaminopurine) and the auxin IBA
(indole-3-butyric acid) on the in vitro propagation and the amount of secondary
metabolites accumulation and their antioxidant capacity in Lamium album L. was
examined. Slight stimulation of shoot number and internodal segments was
observed on MS medium supplemented with 0.8 mg.L-1 BA compared to control
plants propagated on MS medium. All concentrations of BA suppressed root
formation and stimulated callusogenesis. Significant increase in the number of
roots on the MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA was
established, especially at 0.7 mg.L-1 IBA. Shoots cultivated on MS medium
supplemented with BA from 0.6 up to 0.8 mg.L-1 and IBA in concentration 0.9 mg.L-1
showed enhanced content of total phenols and flavonoids. The highest values of
antioxidant activity were achieved on MS medium with 0.8 mg.L-1 BA and 0.9 mg.L-1
IBA. Compared to shoots, significant stimulation of total phenolic content and
antioxidant activity in forming callus and roots occurred on MS medium
supplemented with 0.2; 0.5; 0.8 mg.L-1 BA and 0.2; 0.5; 0.7 mg.L-1 IBA.The amount
of flavonoids in underground part was twofold lower than that established in
shoots. As far as we know, this is the first report which indicates stimulation activity
of BA and IBA on the production and accumulation of secondary metabolites with
high antioxidant capacity, especially in roots and callus, in in vitro propagated
Lamium album L.
118
P73 – Achillea collina ‘Spak’: optimal harvesting period
Claude-Alain Carron1, Catherine A. Baroffio1, Flore Lebleu2,
José F. Vouillamoz1
1
2
Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture, ISA, Lille, France
Achillea collina Becker (ex Rchb.) is is a tetraploid species of the Achillea
millefolium aggregate used as an aromatic and medicinal plant in the European
Alps where it is cultivated for its chamazulene-containing (30-67%) essential oil. In
Switzerland, ‘Spak’ is a homogenous and productive cultivar that was developed by
Agroscope to match the local climatic conditions. For now, Swiss producers do
harvest the upper 60 cm of the plant with inflorescences at ‘full-bloom’ stage
(BBCH 65, with >50% of plants blooming), but given the mechanisation techniques,
the stem ratio in dry matter tends to become too high. In 2003, we have shown
that the longer the stems are at harvest, the lower are the essential oil and
chamazulene contents. In 2009 and 2010, we have studied the influence of
phenological stages on yield and quality with the scope of increasing the leaves
ratio and evaluating the possibility of a second harvest. The maximum of dry
weight was achieved at ‘full-bloom’, but the stem ratio reached up to 65%. A
second harvest was not possible with plants cut after the early-bloom stage (BBCH
61-63. In addition, essential oil content [%] and chamazulene yields [ml/kg]
resulted to be higher at early-bloom stage. As a consequence, we strongly
recommend harvesting at early-bloom stage which represents the best
compromise between dry matter yield and quality, along with the possibility of a
second harvest.
119
P74 - Basilprotect – A cocktail of parasitoids against
aphids in aromatic plants and herbs
V. Rosemeyer, T. Thielemans
Viridaxis S.A., Gilly, Belgium
Viridaxis is a Belgian company which developed a new way of mass-rearing aphid
parasitoids. Due to its innovative and unique technology, Viridaxis has been able to
develop and produce one new parasitoid species every year.
A parasitoid is a wasp able to parasitize aphids in a host-specific way. In order to
apply the matching parasitoid against a given aphid species, the latter one has to
be (a) detected in the crop and (b) subsequently identified. By the time the aphids
are spotted by the grower and then identified by himself or a specialized
technician, it is usually too late for gaining control over an increasing aphid
population.
Viridaxis developed a new concept of aphid control, based not on the species
identified but on the crop treated. For each crop, the aphids present are well
known. What was needed was a product controlling the largest possible variety of
aphid species susceptibly present in the crop. Starting with strawberries, Viridaxis
studied the aphids attacking the cultures in various regions and over many years,
and developed a unique cocktail of parasitoids species (FresaProtect) parasitizing
and controlling all aphids.
In herbal cultures, only few chemical pesticides are available, and so far, biological
solutions have been fighting only a limited spectrum of aphid species. BasilProtect
contains six different species of natural aphid enemies, and is able to control all
commonly appearing aphids. Its application in ready-to-use units is much faster
than even any chemical treatment.
Different field trials resulted in a compilation of aphid species identified and host
specific parasitism observed. The potential of BasilProtect for aphid control and
finally crop success for the grower will be discussed.
120
P75 – Differential modulation of tumor promotion in
skin cancer by sesquiterpene lactones isolated from
indigenous Middle Eastern mountainous plants
M. Saikali1, A. Ghantous1, N. Saliba2, N. Darwiche1
1
Department of Biology, Nature Conservation Center for Sustainable
futures (IBSAR), American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107-2020 Lebanon
2
Departments of Chemistry, Nature Conservation Center for Sustainable
futures (IBSAR), American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107-2020 Lebanon
Most cancers are of epithelial origin of which skin cancer is the most frequent.
Numerous naturally occurring compounds have been identified as skin
chemopreventive agents, and many of the best-selling anticancer drugs are plantderived. While screening for anti-cancer activities of Middle Eastern plant extracts
used in folk medicine, we identified the Lebanese indigenous mountainous plants,
Centaurea ainetensis and Achillea falcata, to possess potent and selective
activities against skin cancer cells. Bioassay- guided fractionation of these plants’
crude extracts led to the isolation of the plant secondary metabolites, the
sesquiterpene lactones, Salogravolide A (Sal A) from Centaurea ainetensis and
3- -methoxy-iso-seco- tanapartholide ( -tan) from Achillea falcata. Our aims
were to investigate the effects of Sal A and -tan on 1) the growth of skin tumor
cells, 2) promoter-induced cell proliferation and transformation, 3) the inhibition
of AP-1 and NF- B activities and 4) the regulation of key target genes. Using well
established in vitro models of human and mouse epidermal carcinogenesis, we
have shown that these purified sesquiterpene lactones preferentially inhibited
the proliferation of papilloma and malignant skin cells without affecting the
growth of normal keratinocytes. Furthermore, both Sal A and -tan, at
concentrations not toxic to primary keratinocytes, show promising antipromoting activities by inhibiting promoter-induced cell proliferation and
transformation. Elevated levels of the transcription factors, AP-1 and NF- B are a
hallmark of keratinocyte malignant transformation and are upregulated in skin
cancer. Both compounds have shown to differentially modulate promoterinduced AP-1and NF- B transcriptional activities. However, both compounds
similarly modulated key downstream target genes of AP-1and NF- B. These
results highlight the potential chemopreventive properties of Sal A and -tan in
skin cancer. Given the potential of sesquiterpene lactones in the cancer clinic;
identification, cultivation, and conservation of these medicinal plants will
promote their sustainable use and are key to maintaining the biodiversity of
Middle Eastern plants. Oral presentation is preferred.
121
P76 – Ecocert certified Alpine Rose Active protects skin
proteins
Frank Gafner, Daniel Schmid, Fred Zülli
Mibelle biochemistry
Mibelle Biochemistry investigated the symbolic Alpine Rose (Rhododendron
ferrugineum), a plant adapted to extreme conditions with a specific morphological
and phytochemical set up. The leaves form as example specific proteins called
dehydrins to survive the freezing and dehydrating conditions of the alpine
environment. The Alpine Rose showed interesting in vivo activities to reduce the
formation of carbonylated proteins, a marker of skin aging. The extract inhibits the
adhesion of the herpes virus to cells in vitro which combines well with the in vivo
activity. UVB leads to carbonylated proteins, skin aging and is also suppressing the
immune-system, a condition which favours the outbreak of viral infections. The
extract counteracts both problems synergistically. Mibelle Biochemistry decided to
develop an Ecocert certified cosmetic active and to start the agronomic
development and cultivation of Rhododendron ferrugineum in the Swiss Alps with
Mediplant. The supply of the raw material is not dependant on wild harvesting but
respects the sustainability of this precious slow-growing alpine plant.
122
P77 – Molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer and antiinflammatory effects of gallotannin
Racha Al-Halabi1, Mirella Bou Chedid1, Raghida Abou Merhi2,
Hiba El-Hajj3, Hind Zahr1, Ali Bazarbachi3, Hala Gali-Muhtasib1
1
Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
Department of Biology, R. Hariri Campus, Lebanese University, Lebanon
3
Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut,
Lebanon
2
Gallotannin (GT), the polyphenolic hydrolysable tannin, exhibits anti-inflammatory
and anticancer activities through mechanisms that are not fully understood.
Several effects modulated by GT have been shown to be linked to interference with
inflammatory mediators. Considering the central role of nuclear factor kappa B (NFкB) in inflammation and cancer, we investigated the effect of GT on NF-кB signaling
in HT-29 and HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. DNA binding assays revealed
significant suppression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)-induced NF-кB activation
which correlated with the inhibition of IĸBα phosphorylation and degradation.
Sequentially, p65 nuclear translocation and DNA binding were inhibited. GT downregulated the expression of NF-кB regulated inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, TNFα, IL1α, and IL-6) and caused cell cycle arrest and accumulation of cells in Pre G 1 phase.
In vivo, GT (25mg/kg body weight) injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) prior to or after
tumor inoculation significantly decreased the volume of human colon cancer
xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of xenografts treated
with GT showed significantly lower expression levels of the proliferation (Ki-67),
angiogenesis (VEGFA) and metastasis (MMP-2) proteins, which may explain GTs in
vivo anti-tumorigenic effects. Overall, our results indicate that the antiinflammatory and antitumor activities of GT may be mediated in part through the
suppression of NF-кB activation.
123
P78 – Study of cosmeceutical activities of Korean Raisin
Tree (Hovenia dulcis var. koreana Nakai) extracts
Sea-Hyun Kim1, Jingyu Han1, Moon-Su Kang1, Moon-Sup Kim1
and Jin-Tae Lee2
1
Department of Forest Resources Development Korea Forest Research
Institute, Suwon 441-847, Korea
2
Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Haany University,
Gyungsan, Korea
Korean raisin tree (Hovenia dulcis var. koreana Nakai) has been reported to effect
liver function improvement as functional materials for food and medicine. On these
facts, biological activity and safety test were conducted to evaluate biological
activities of the fruit petiole and root extracts of Korean raisin tree as a potential
medicinal materials. Cosmeceutica activities of different extracts were examined by
l.l-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical generation, the ABTS+∙ cation
decolorization, tyrosinase activity, collagenase activity and elastase activity
compared with the properties of the commercial antioxidant butylated
hydroxytoluene (BHT) and L-ascorbic acid (AA). The antioxidant activities fruit
petiole water extract (HDFW), fruit petiole ethanol extract (HDFE), root water
extract (HDRW) and root ethanol extract (HDRE) were 83.6%, 39.6%, 85.9% and
74.5% in DPPH assay, 99.5%, 13.7%, 96.4% and 88.6% in ABTS assay. Tyrosinase
inhibitiory activities HDFW were 56.0% at 1,000ppm. Measured the inhibition
effect of the Korean raisin tree about collagenase and elastase where break the
peptide bonds in collagen and enzyme from the class of proteases where exists in
the dermis. The Korean raisin tree was inhibition the two kind enzymesm,
collagenase activities being on a high scale inhibition, was same concentration.
Uses the anti-oxidation effect and anti-wrinkle effect of this resultant the Korean
raisin tree and with the functional cosmetics use is thought with the fact that will
be possible.
124
P79 – Application of bioreactor system for commercial
production of Eleutherococcus somatic embryos for
secondary metabolites and antioxidant properties
A.M. Shohael1, K.Y Paek2
1
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jahangirnagar
University, Savar-1342, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2
Research center for the Development of advanced Horticultural
Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763,
South Korea
Eleutherococcus species contain eleutherosides including eleutheroside A, B, C, D,
E, F, G etc. and complex polysaccharides as active ingredients from roots and
leaves. Somatic embryogenesis is a key plant production technique for large-scale
production of essential metabolites for different medicinal purposes. Extracts from
Eleutherococcus leaf, stem, and roots are used for analgesic, anti-inflammatory,
anti-pyretic, and diuretic action. Eleutherococcus was mainly distributed in
northeastern Asia but is now listed as a threatened species due to excessive
harvest from its natural habitats. Plant tissue culture technique has been
successfully applied as a prospective alternative for a more efficient mass
propagation method. Large-scale somatic embryo culture is an attractive
alternative over the traditional method of plantation or plant cell culture.
Automation of in vitro culture system is now reducing the labor requirements,
which is linked to scale up of cultures. Somatic embryogenesis offers a potential
system for large-scale plant propagation in automated bioreactor from 2Liter to
500Liter scale. HPLC analysis revealed that the total phenolic, flavonoid, and
eleutherosides contents were significantly higher in germinated somatic embryos
as compared to other stages of somatic embryo. Water, methanol and ethanol
extracts of field-grown leaves, stems and somatic embryos of Eleutherococcus were
examined for their antioxidant properties. All solvent extracts of somatic embryos
of Eleutherococcus exhibited scavenging activities toward DPPH, superoxide anion,
hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ion radicals, similar to field grown leaves and stems.
The results suggested that somatic embryos could be used as a valuable source for
medicinal purpose for its high content of antioxidants and secondary metabolites,
and commercially able to produce in in vitro system through large scale bioreactor.
125
List of Authors
(in alphabetical order)
126
Abrahamyan
Aiello
Aiello
Azizi
Azizi
Barari
Baroffio
Bendifallah
Bendifallah
Carlen
Carron
Cristobal
D'Anna
D'Anna
Darwiche
Dashti
Dimitrova
Dudai
P38
P39
O32
P40
P01
P41
P02
P42
O21
P73
O23
P03
P24
P75
P43
P44
O14
Nativ
Milena
Majid
Nadine
Eleonora
Eleonora
Roser
Claude-Alain
Christoph
Leila
Leila
Catherine
Elham
Majid
Majid
Nicola
Nicola
Armine
Submitted Author
O5
Nr
Sustainable production of Arnica montana (L.) in the Catalan
Pyrenees (NE Spain): wild harvesting or cultivation?
Effects on the quality and nutritional traits of wood strawberry
fruits in Sicily
Comparative study of different populations of oregano (Origanum
vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart) found in Sicily
Differential modulation of tumor promotion in skin cancer by
sesquiterpene lactones isolated from indigenous middle eastern
mountainous plants
Study of phenological stages and factors affecting on regeneration
of Foxtail lilly (Eremurus spectabilis)
Micropropagation of Nepeta nuda L. – Influence of auxins and
cytokinins
plants - 30 years of experience in Israel
Achillea collina ‘Spak’: optimal harvesting period
Phytochemical study of Cistus albidus (Cistaceae) in northern
mountainous region (Algeria)
Flowers of Medicinal and aromatic plants fertilized by bees in
Algeria mountainous area
Optimising the cultivation and harvesting of medicinal and
aromatic plants from mountainous areas to achieve stable yield
and high quality
New diseases and pests in medicinal and aromatic plants
Phytochemical study of Lagochilus cabulicus Benth.
Seed germination tests on Arnica montana L. and Rhodiola rosea
L. wild populations
extracts, and tea bags in Iran
The study on the effects of different levels of vermicompost and
plant density on quantitative and qualitative characters of
evening primrose ( Oenothera biennis L.)
Cultivation trial of Arnica montana L. wild accessions
Climate change impact on conservation status of wild Melissa
officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) populations in Armenia
Title
Israel
Bulgaria
Iran
Liban
Italy
Italy
Spain
Switzerland
Switzerland
Algeria
Algeria
Switzerland
Iran
Iran
Iran
Italy
Italy
Armenia
Country
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
E-mail
Etcheverry
Etcheverry
Evstatieva
Evstatieva
Franz
Gafner
Gali-Muhtasib
Gali-Muhtasib
Giorgi
Golparvar
Gonzalez Lopez
György
Hadavi
Hadavi
Hadavi
O2
P05
P06
P07
O17
P76
P08
P77
P09
P10
P11
P45
P34
P46
O19
P47
P48
P49
Ebrahim
Ebrahim
Ebrahim
Zsuzsanna
Oscar
Ahmad Reza
Annamaria
Hala
Hala
Frank
Chlodwig
Ljuba
Ljuba
Angela Virginia
Angela Virginia
Samad
Ebrahimi
P04
Karel
Dusek
O16
Sesquiterpene lactones from Lebanese plants: identification and
characterization of antitumor mechanisms
Molecular mechanisms of mnti-cancer and mnti-inflammatory
mffects of gallotannin
Composition of the essential oil of Stachys lavandulifolia vahl
from Central Zagross Mountains
Essential oil from the fruits of Pistachia khinjuk stocks grown in
Bakhtiari Zagross Mountains, Iran
Ethnobotany and antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants from
high altitude of Bakhtiari Zagross mountains, Iran
Comparison of volatile compounds induced by aphids and
mechanical damage in Achillea collina
Genetic improvement of essence percent and dry flower yield in
German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) populations
Effect of soil in the growth of "Gentiana lutea L. radical system in
north mountains of León (Spain)
Genetic diversity of Finnish Rhodiola rosea population based on
ISSR analysis
Effect of selected Bio-fertilizers on Yield indices and essential oil
of peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Growth and essential oil yield of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as
affected by foliar sprays of citric acid and salicylic acid
Growth and essential oil yield of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) as
affected by foliar spray of citric acid and malic acid
Ecocert Alpine rose active protects skin proteins
Sesquiterpene lactones contents in multiple in vitro shoots of
three Arnica montana populations
Attempts to domesticate Primula veris L. : genetic resources and
selection
Iran
Iran
Iran
Hungary
Portugal
Iran
Italia
Iran
Iran
Iran
Liban
Liban
Switzerland
Austria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Argentine
Diversity and distribution of medicinal fabaceae in Salta Province,
Argentina
Conservation and sustainable use of threatened medicinal plant
Argentina
Switzerland
Czech Republic
Biodiversity of medicinal plants from Northwestern Argentina
HPLC based metabolite profiling of Satureja khuzestanica
using technical isolation and controlled pollination
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Han
Haron
Hassani
Hassani
Hassani
Jeong
Jeong
Kaliterna
Kaviani Livani
Kazemi
Kazemi
Kim
Koane
Madani
Manukyan
Mat Taha
Máthé
Mirabdualbaghi
Mohammadzadeh
Motounu
P12
P13
P50
P51
P52
P53
P54
P55
P14
O13
P15
P78
P16
P56
O30
P57
P25
P58
P59
P60
Monica
Ahmadreza
Mitra
Akos
Rosna
Artur
Hamid
Jean-Noël
Sea-Hyun
Mohsen
Mohsen
Behzad
Josko
Byong Ryong
Byong Ryong
Abbas
Abbas
Abbas
Norma Wati
Jingyu
Photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake during in vitro culture of
Effect of organic matter from different sources on yield of saffron
populations using RAPD marker
Evaluation of genetic diversity of Iranian wild alcea rosea
population using RAPD
Study of cosmeceutical activities of Korean raisin tree (Hovenia
dulcis var. koreana Nakai) extracts
Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of some medicinal
plants in Central African antidiabetic properties.
Sowing date and plant density effects on blackseed (Nigella
sativa) Yield in Iran
Bioactive Compounds and Their Health-promoting Capacity of
Some Caucasian Endemic and Rare Medicinal Plants
Induction of somatic embryogenesis for plant regeneration in
Polianthes tuberosa
Effect of Mg treatment on the production of Indian tobacco
(Lobelia inflata L.
The effect of drought stress and gibberellic acid(GA) on
germination of Thymus daenensis seeds as a medical plant
Plant genetic resources conservation by cryopreservation
Polyphenol contents and anti-oxidant effects castor
aralia(Kalopanax septemlobus koidz.) leaf extracts in Korea
Medicinal and environmental indicator species of Utricularia from
montane forest of Peninsular Malaysia
Effect of Zn fertilization and irrigation on growth parameters and
essential oil content of Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita L.)
Essential oil content and composition of Germander (Teucrium
polium L.) as influenced by harvesting time
Impact of exogenous salicylic acid on some growth parameters,
essential oil content and composition of Anise hyssop (Agastache
foeniculum) plants subjected to drought stress
Adventitious shoot regeneration and harpagoside content of
Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai – A rare endemic medicinal plant
Direct adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf and petiole
explants of Ajuga multiflora
Occurrence of phytopathogenic fungi on medicinal, aromatic and
nutraceutical plants in mountainous areas of Croatia
Romania
Iran
Iran
Hungary
Malaysia
Germany
[email protected]
ahmadreza_mohammadzadeh@yaho
o.com
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
République
Centreafricaine
Iran
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Korea
Iran
Iran
Iran
Croatia
Korea
Korea
Iran
Iran
Iran
Malaysia
Korea
Obon
P18
François
Zsuzsanna
Gheorghe Cristian
O28 Paul
O11 Pluhár
P63
Olivier
Potterat
Potterat
Przybl
Radusiene
P19
P20
O6
P64
Jolita
Jaroslaw
Olivier
Olivier
O12 Potterat
Popescu
Federica
O10 Pollastro
Concepcion
Concepcion
Obon
O3
Marjan
Johannes
Nikan
P17
Silvana
Novak
Nicola
O8
Monica Angela
P62
Neblea
P61
Monica Angela
Massimo
Neblea
O4
Zahra
O35 Nobile
Mourmohammadi
O20
Iran
Italy
Romania
Romania
Iran
From Alpine Plant to Natural Bioactives : a long way riddled with
pitfalls
Thymus pulegioides L. populations in highlands of Hungary and in
the Carpathians
Some ecophysiological and edaphic parameters of Angelica
archangelica Linn. (Apiaceae), a threatened high altitude aromatic
herb from Romanian Charpathian Mountains
plant of Valais
Ethnobotanical survey on wild food plants in the lower and
central Valais
Phyteumosides A and B : New saponins with unique triterpenoid
aglycons from Phyteuma orbiculare L.
occurring in Mongolian Altai
Effect of abiotic factors on accumulation of secondary
metabolites in St. John’s Worth raw material
Behind a liqueur the phytochemical profile of genepy
Wild Plants used by the Cimbrian ethnic minority in the Alps as
food and medicine
Wild plants used by the mocheni ethnic minority in the Alps as
food and medicine
Germination of Peucedanum ostruthium (Apiaceae)
Lituanie
Poland
Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland
Romania
Hungary
Switzerland
Italy
Spain
Spain
Austria
PhytoArk, a value-chain project to enhance the valorization of the
Switzerland
alpine plants in Valais
Phytochemical Investigation of Echinophora cinerea
Study of genetic diversity among Iranian pomegranate cultivars by
using morphological and molecular markers
Medicinal plan diversity in the flora of the west part of Bucegi
mountains (Romania)
The restoration of arnica montana phytopopulations from arges
county flora using in vitro micropropagation
Morphological traits and aromatic profiles of genepì (Artemisia
umbelliformis Lamb.) ecotypes present in Western Alps. Results
of the Piedmont Region project GENEPIEM
Arnica montana L.
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Sárosi
Schwaiger
Sharafzadeh
Shohael
O9
O1
P68
P79
Abdullah
Shahram
Stefan
Szilvia
Mahtab
Marina
Camelia Paula
O26 Stanilova
Stefanache
Stefanache
P27
P28
Camelia Paula
Ivan
O18 Slacanin
Iyyakkannu
Sivanesan
Samadi
P23
Amir Hossein
P70
Saeidnejad
P67
Ali
Xavier
Saei
P66
Mozhgan
Simonnet
Sabet Teimouri
P22
Viola
P69
Rosemeyer
P74
Dang
Xavier
Raman
P65
Avtar
O25 Simonnet
Ram
P21
Conventional and unconventional techniques for in situ
conservation and capitalization in agrosystems of Veronica
officinalis
In vivo and in vitro phytochemical studies of Arnica montana L.
species from Romanian Eastern Carpathians
Romania
Romania
Bulgaria
Switzerland
Development of extraction and rapid analytical methods for the
selection of medicinal plants
In vitro cultivation of Alchemilla mollis (Rosaceae) in Bulgaria
Korea
Switzerland
Switzerland
Iran
Iran
Austria
Hungary
Iran
Iran
Iran
Iran
Switzerland
India
Rajasthan
Micropropagation of Rhododendron brachycarpum D. Don
Database biodiversity conservation of medicinal herbs in SouthEast Rajasthan
Effects of Phytohormones on growth phase and histology studies
of in vitro established callus of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle
procured from Himalayan region of Indian subtropics
Basilprotect – A cocktail of parasitoids against aphids in aromatic
plants and herbs
Investigation of essential oil percent and essence component in
six Ecological regional of Hymenocrater platystegius Rech.
Dormancy breaking treatments on eight ecotypes of Bunium
persicum
Comparison of chemical composition & antioxidant activity of the
essential oil of Nepeta menthoides isolated by Hydrodistillation
and Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation
Monti Pisani, Italy
Therapeutic potential of alpine plants : Leontopodium alpinum
Cass., Sambucus ebulus L. and Horminum pyrenaicum L.
Effect of light and temperature on growth and active substances
of caraway (Carum carvi L.)
Application of bioreactor system for commercial production of
Eleutherococcus somatic embryos for secondary metabolites and
antioxidant properties
and properties of Leontopodium alpinum Cass.
Seed germination behaviour of the endangered medicinal plant
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Krasimira
Tasheva
Thakur
P29
P36
Alexiu
Carla
Carla
Todorova
Valeriu
P31
P32
O22 Vender
P33
Hermine
José
José
O24 Vogel
O15 Vouillamoz
Vouillamoz
Wolfender
P37
O7
Zhenya
P72
Yordanova
Evelyn
O31 Wolfram
Jean-Luc
Amandio
O29 Vieira
Vender
Milka
Todorova
P30
Milka
Mette Goul
O33 Thomsen
Anju
Krasimira
O27 Tasheva
P.S.
Thierry
Takhur
O34 Talou
P71
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
France
India
plant bioactive constituents at the microgram scale
Bioautographic Screening of Plant Extracts for Medicinal,
Nutritional or Cosmetic Use by HPTLC : Antioxidant Activity and
Enzyme Inhibition
Influence of 6-benzylaminopurine and indole-3-butyric acid on in
vitro propagation and secondary metabolites accumulation in
Lamium album L. from Lozen mountain
Alpine plant extracts: from nature to the lab
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil
from Seseli rhodopeum
Flavonoid glycosides and free radical scavenging activity of two
Bulgarian Alchemilla species
Chorological studies of some medicanal plants from sozological
categories of Romania Fagaras Mountains flora
Experimental activity carried out on Golden root (Rhodiola rosea
L.) in the province of Trento
Quantitative and qualitative performance of two golden root
(Rhodiola rosea L.) accessions grown at different altitude in
Northern Italy
Targets of medicinal plant extracts and isolated phytochemicals in
human cells
plant from the Andean mountains
launched in Switzerland
Post harvest treatment of Rhodiola rosea
Bulgaria
Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland
Chile
Canada
Italy
Italy
Romania
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Norway
Screening of important medicinal herbs for water stress tolerance India
Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants under agroforestry
intervention
Agrofefinery concept applied to medieval aromatic plants from
mountainous area : case of great calamint (Calamintha
grandiflora)
ecotype
Antioxidant activities of Bulgarian Golden root – endangered
medicinal species
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]

book of abstracts

Transcription

Similar documents

Ligsay - Topic: Drug Discovery - Philippine Institute of Traditional

America / Jamaica / Medicinal Plants

Medico-botanical survey of Kumar parvatha Kukke Subramanya

NoWar SA

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Diversity in Greece and Their Future

The Best 100 Philippine Medicinal Plants

Forest Trees and Vines with Medicinal Properties

Calendula officinalis - St. Francis Herb Farm

Medicinal Plants of the Subanens in Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur

Dominican Medicinal Plant Inventory