South Pembrokeshire

Transcription

South Pembrokeshire

SOUTH
PEMBROKE SHIRE
MARY BEATRICE MIRE HOUSE
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
PRESENTED BY
KOFOID AND
MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID
PROF. CHARLES A.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
'
SOUTH
PEMBROKESHIRE
SOME OF
ITS
HISTORY AND RECORDS
BY
MARY BEATRICE MIREHOUSE
LONDON
DAVID NUTT,
57-59
LONG ACRE,
1910
i^V^
W.C.
—
PREFACE
me
It seems to
to be the duty of
and preserve the records
collect
may
story of the ages
care to read
love,
and
To
all
and
;
case,
has been a labour of
instruction.
down
I
dedicate this book
as facts
to
fill
any
theories of
facts recorded in the chronicles.
Camden's
'
;
in
my
which
I
own, nor
in the pictures faintly outlined
chiefly indebted to the following
For these
I
am
:
Britannia.'
Lewis Dwnn's
'
of the past, so that the
are interested in unravelling the story of
who
made any attempt
by the
my
and
full of interest
set
in every age to
run on unbroken for those who
this, in
the days that are gone
have not
some
'
Visitation of Pembrokeshire.'
George Owen.
Description of Pembrokeshire.'
Tour through Pembrokeshire.' R. Fenton.
E. Laws.
'History of Little England beyond Wales.'
James
Notes on the Sheriffs of Pembrokeshire.'
'
Historical
'
Allen, M.A.,
'
Private Letters of the late
Esq.,
Chapter
I
and Egerton
and
I.
have written
Allen.
Dean
Allen, of G. A.
Holme,
others.'
contains the General History
chiefly of places too
;
in
Chapter IL
remote to have attracted
1^3171763
PREFACE
vi
more than passing notice from most
historians,
records nevertheless should not be forgotten
deals with
existing,
of
names, and
which
I
the
quaint
;
but whose
Chapter
provincialisms
only mention those which
I
III.
still
have
myself heard used.
M. B. M.
Angle, April, 1910.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I
PAGE
HISTORY
I
CHAPTER
II
RECORDS OF PLACES AND OF FAMILIES
CHAPTER
...
34
III
OF NAMES, CUSTOMS, AND PROVINCIALISMS.
.
.
70
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
SOME OF
HISTORY AND RECORDS
ITS
CHAPTER
I
HISTORY
In 843 Rhodri Mawr, son of Mervyn, the Freckled, King
Mona
of
(Anglesey),
married
Angharad, daughter and
a.d. 843.
Rhodri
Mawr,
King
heiress of Meurig,
Dyfed and Cardigan, and
of
inherited practically the whole of Wales
bind
it
but he did not
together into one kingdom, and the Kelts con-
tinually fought each other.
reign,
;
also
was
slain
Rhodri, after
thirty
years'
one Sunday in Anglesey by Saxons.
His
three sons fought against each other and devastated the
land.
Hubba
In 877
the Viking, one of three brothers
who
overran England from the East Coast, spent the winter
on Milford Haven, giving
Hubberton
;
his
Popton (Pebba's
followers
ton),
his
also
Hubba
warships,
and
slain.
sailed
left
to Hubberstone
and
behind
at
theirs
Studdock (Studda's Dokk or
Wogaston (Wogan), Harding's
others.
name
Hill (Hardingr),
from Milford with
met the Saxons
in
pit),
and many
twenty-three
the Severn, was
defeated
877.
Hubba.
;
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
2
Hywel the Good,
HyweiDda.
Hywel Dda, grandson
or
Rhodri
of
Mawr, married Elen, daughter of Llywarch ap Hyfaidd,
King of Dyfed, and so acquired it by marriage, as his
grandfather had done before him.
948.
Hywel Dda was King
Hywel Dda.
good laws, which he went to
948,
in 905,
Hyfaidd 892.
his father
Owain.
Llywarch died
and
his
of
all
South Wales, he made
Rome
to learn
it
he died
in
son Owain inherited Dyfed and Cardigan.
from Aberffraw
in
and they took refuge
in
In his time the Gaels were driven
Anglesey;
;
was destroyed,
Dyfed.
In 981 the Danes landed and destroyed
981.
983.
"^
Mered^dd.
David's,
St.
but were beaten off by Einion, Owain' s son. Owain died
983, and Einion the year before, 982 his brother Meredydd
succeeded, but died 994, leaving an only daughter, Ang;
On
barad.
his death the
Glamorgan men, aided by Danes,
and burnt Narberth and
invaded Dyfed,
and the land was again torn with hideous
David's
St.
strife
and blood-
shed.
In 1021 Olaf Haroldson,
1021.
oiaf~orNor''*^"
Dyfed,
and again pillaged
King
St.
Norway, invaded
of
Many
David's.
of
his
Vikings settled afterwards along the coast, giving their
names
places
to
Islands,
Caldy,
such
Ongull
as
Angel
or
and
Skokholm
hook),
(a
Hasguard, Tenby (Dane-bi, Dane's house)
derive
Tenby
from
Denbigh
of
northern
Denbigh),
brandston,
the
fel,
rock,
fell),
thus
fishes,
Fishguard,
some, again,
Dinbych-y-Pysgod,
distinguished
from
Hakin (Haakon), Haroldston,
Thorney
(Havard's Fiord),
Welsh
the
;
Grasholm
(Thorn
Orielton
Skyrme
Ey
or
Island),
(Oriel-ton),
(Skroemi,
of
Her-
Haverford
Scourfield
name
the
a
(Skergiant)
;
—
HISTORY
also
Danish and Norse names to things
in
common
use,
such as
In
Lake
Laekr, running water.
Creel
Krili,
Grip
Grip, a ditch.
Miskin
Myki, muck-heap.
Haggard
Hayguard, hay-store.
Rhys
1077
Rhodri's eldest son,
a basket.
Tewdwr, descended from Cadell,
came from Brittany, was joined by
at
1077.
Rhys ap
Tewdwr,
Grufudd ap Kynan, descended from Anarawd, Rhodri's
second son, and between them they conquered and divided
South Wales.
In 1081 William the Conqueror
his
Normans
as were the
;
came
to South
Wales with
lo8ii
he was descended also from the Norsemen,
William
men
of Pembrokeshire,
them, and threw
off allegiance to
they therefore welcomed
the Kymri.
entertained at St. David's by Bishop Sulien.
William was
William died
and shortly afterwards Rhys ap Tewdwr was driven
away to Ireland but he collected an army and returned,
and reconquered the land in a great battle at Llechryd
in 1087,
;
and another
I.
1087.
William I.
Rhys ap
Tewdwr,
The Normans, however,
and he was defeated and beheaded
at St. Dogmael's.
prevailed in the long run,
near Brecon, leaving a son, Grufudd, and a daughter, Nesta.
In 1094 Martin de Turribus, or Martin
Norman
baron,
landed
at
Fishguard,
Tours,
le
a
and estabhshed
1094.
Martin Le
Tours.
himself as Lord Marchier of Cemaes, making
with Newport as the capital.
Sir
a march,
it
Marteine Lloyd,
present owner, traces his descent direct from Martin
Tours.
Some
trace
Castlemartin and
also to Martin le Tours, others to
Martin's
Mordyn, or the
'
the
le
Haven
seaman,'
B 2
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
as the guardian of the coast in ancient days
Roger de Montgomery, Earl
wife, Mabel,
Montgomery, and
and
and
five
son
his
Shrewsbury, had a
of
He had
wicked sons.
Robert
(caUed
For
Kilgerran, trying to drive out the Welsh.
Arnuiph de
called,
Mordyn.
his habitation Gastell
wicked
was
de
taken
Belesme)
this
purpose
another son, Arnulph de Montgomery, landed in Milford
Mont-
Haven, and
gomery
though his
Castle,
WlUiam
I.
Gerald de
Windsor.
was but a very simple one
earthworks
fortress
First siege of
fortification
Pembroke
and green turf. Pembroke is derived
from Pen-vro, the High Rock. Arnulph de Montgomery's
of
1090,
the site of the present
fortified
was
built in logo,
and was handed over
to the
command
of
Windsor.
In 1092 the Welsh again overran Dyfed and
Gerald de Windsor, formerly Castellan of
bcsieged Pembroke, the garrison were hard pressed, with
only four pigs
left
;
these Gerald de Windsor cut
threw contemptuously over the
was more
plentiful within
were not deceived
;
show that food
than without, but the Welsh
however, a letter he caused to be found
near the Bishop's Palace at
was
walls, to
up and
his enemy), telling
Lamphey
(Lanfey, the Bishop,
Arnulph de Montgomery he needed
neither stores nor reinforcements for four months, tricked
and the siege was raised.
In 1094 the Welsh again rose, and this brought William
Rufus to Wales, and again in 1095 William met his death
them
1094.
WUliam
11.
1095.
Henry
I.
successfully,
;
by Tyrrell's arrow shortly afterwards, and was succeeded
by Henry I., Beauclerc. Arnulph de Montgomery and his
brother Robert de Belesme conspired against Henry, and
Arnulph strengthened Pembroke, and sent Gerald de Windsor
to ask help of the Irish
;
he joined with his old enemies the
Welsh (among them Grufudd, son
of
Rhys
at Tewdwr),
;
HISTORY
and
5
Norman-Keltic-Kymric host grievously harried Amuiphde
this
Henry besieged de Belesme at Shrewsbury,
and banished de Belesme and Arnulph, the latter
the Midlands.
took
it,
to Ireland.
Gerald de Windsor, of course, also lost the
Pembroke
Castellanship of
his place,
but not for long)
;
(a
who had been Henry's
Henry forgave Gerald and
Pembroke giving him also Carew as his
and, for her sake,
;
reinstated
him
at
dowry, where Gerald built the
wife's
Saer taking
he married Nesta, the beautiful
daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr,
mistress
named
knight
ceraw de
Windsor.
castle, also the early
Castle of Manorbier.
About
1 107
a part of Flanders was overwhelmed by
H07.
the sea, and the survivors emigrated to England, finding
Flemish
colonisation.
already
many
compatriots there,
who had come
William the Conqueror's queen,
Matilda
of
over with
Flanders
they begged Henry to assign them a place to dwell
He
Henry
in.
i.
them on the Tweed, but after four
years bethought him of making them useful as a check
on the ever-turbulent Welsh, and so assigned them the
first
established
strip of land lying along the coast of
Pembrokeshire between
Tenby, Pembroke, and Haverfordwest.
(Hwlfordd, Kymric
corruption of the old Norse Havard's Fiord
sometimes mentioned as Hwlfordd East.)
;
Hereford
is
In those days
the Flemish and English languages were not more unlike
than are the dialects of Yorkshire and Somerset now.
Cadwgan ap Blethyn, Prince of
Powis, held an Eisteddfod at Cardigan, and the bards sang
At Christmas
of the
much
off.
nos.
1108,
beauty of Nesta, the wife
of
Gerald de Windsor, so
that Owain, Cadwgan's son, determined to carry her
Claiming kinship with her through her father, Rhys
ap Tewdwr, he was kindly received at Pembroke (some
Henry
.
i.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
Owaln ap
Cadwgan.
Owain
ap
Cadwgan.
GUbert
Clare.
HISTORY
two brothers, Meredydd and Rhys,
in revenge took Tenby, and put its defenders to death.
So the racial war waged on from generation to generation,
the land perpetually torn and harassed by the struggle
grievously injured
;
his
and the taking and re-taking of castles and strongholds.
Henry H. Plantagenet succeeded Stephen in 1155, and
The Flemings
sent yet more Flemings into Little England.
1155.
Henry
II.
introduced weaving, also the long-handled, heart-shaped
In
shovel, found besides only in Belgium and in Ireland.
1157 Rhys ap Grufudd and Henry
being Grufudd' s only surviving son
II.
;
made
peace,
Rhys
but the peace lasted
II57-
Rhys ap
Grufudd.
but a very short time, and fighting broke out again.
In 1 169 Dermot, King of Leinster, came to Bristol to
him to his kingdom.
Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke and Lord of Striguil,
surnamed Strongbow, made a pact with him, and they were
joined by three of the grandsons of Henry II. by Nesta.
Gerald de Barri, grandson of Gerald and Nesta, better
petition Henry's help to restore
known
as
Giraldus
Cambrensis,
the historian,
1
169.
strongbow.
born at
Manorbier 11 46, was then a lad of sixteen he did not go
with the expedition to Ireland, but two of his brothers
;
went with
it.
All these grandsons of
Nesta founded the
famihes of Fitzhenry, Fitzgerald, Geraldine, and Carew or
They
Nesta and
Carey, which are to be found in Ireland to this day.
^^^^
were led by Robert Fitzstephen, grandson
I'^^^l^^^
of
Stephen, CasteUan of Cardigan, and sailed in three ships
from Nangle
in April 1170,
Henry
II.
himself being with
They met with success, and were afterwards
reinforced by a large force of Welsh and Flemings under
them.
Earl Strongbow,
Eva.
Henry
II.
who married King Dermot' s
grew
jealous, lest Earl
daughter,
Strongbow should
°^
1 1
70.
Henry
II.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
8
become King
Ireland,
of
and therefore stopped sending
upon which the tide of success turned.
Then King Dermot died. Henry summoned Earl Strongbow to England, and the quarrel was patched up then
supplies to the army,
;
Henry passed on to Pembroke (where the hawking and
hawks particularly pleased him), and on October 18, 1172,
1172.
Strongbow.
Second
Invasion of
again set
from Nangle to Ireland, with a large company.
sail
Earl Strongbow was
made Governor
and died
of Ireland,
Ireland.
June
1177.
I,
The
1 177.
following
brokeshire and Ireland
are
common
Stacpoole.
de Barri
Barry.
Roch
Roche.
Canton
Canton.
Bosherston
Bosher.
Nangle
Nangles of Meath.
Castlemartin, Pem.
Castlemartin, Meath.
of
Bangeston
Beneger.
Synnet
Synnetts of Wexford.
Gwyn
Wynne.
Giraldus Cambrensis was in due time appointed Canon
He was
of Hereford.
livings of
Henry
Rhys ap
Richard
Coeur de
Lion.
II97-
I.,
Pem-
:
a reformer, and particularly bitter
against the marriage of the Welsh priests
Grufudd.
to
Stackpole
Beneger
Glraldus
Cambrensls.
names
;
he held the
Llanwnda, Tenby, and Nangle.
Rhys ap Grufudd then again
attacked West Wales, his son Maelgwyn took and burnt
Tenby.
Pembroke, Wiston, Lamphey, Manorbier, and
Carew alone held out, all the rest he overran. He died of
II.
died 1189, and
the plague in 1197, his daughter Gwenllian married
fed
Fychan
or
Vychan (Kymric,
small),
and her
son,
EdwyGrono
HISTORY
ap Edwyfed, was the
Owen
great,
9
great, great-grandfather
of
Tudor, grandfather of Henry VII.
of St. David's,
Peter de Leia, Bishop
'^
part of the present
cathedral,
who
died in
built a great
1199.
Giraidus
Cambrensis,
Giraidus
Cambrensis greatly wished to succeed him, but his wish
was not
realised.
Isabel,
'
He
died in 1220.
Countess of Pembroke, only child of Earl Strong-^
bow and Eva, daughter
°
of
WiUiam Marechal, Master
He
Earl of Pembroke.
King
" Dermot, married
of the Horse,
who
in
1189
probably built the whole of the
;
the great
King John began to reign in 1199.
He granted Pembroke a new charter, and Pembroke Castle
He came to Pembroke in
Mill to the Knights Templars.
1210,
to
is
certainly his.
and summoned the men
meet him
at
Holy
J
Cross,
of
South Pembrokeshire
by
J the
east gate
of the town,
°
near a hospital called Marian's Chapel, pulled
in 1800
by the Adams family
called Holyland.
Pembroke.
thus became
present castle, between that date and 1219
Donjon
wiiiiam,
Marechal,
gari of
down
"99.
John.
1210visit to
Pem-
broke.
early
to build their house, thence
King's Bridge, close by, was thus called
John's
from King
° '
visit.
He
sailed
from Pembroke to
King
John
at Pembroke.
Waterford, returning later via Fishguard.
made war on Llewelyn ap lorwerth, Prince
North Wales, who afterwards collected and united all
In 1211 he
of
1211.
Ueweiyn ap
lonverth,
the Welsh chieftains both of
the north and south, and
them with great success against King John, but did
not take Pembroke or the Castlemartin strongholds. John
died in 1216, and William Marechal, Earl of Pembroke, was
chosen guardian to the young King Henry III. Llewelyn
ap lorwerth again overran the land, and from Haverfordwest demanded the payment of 1000 marks, or vassalage
the money was paid.
to himself for ever
led
;
iîe.
Henry
iii.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
10
I.,
died in 1219.
left to
the
of
William,
Marechal
II.
Earl Marechal
fell in.
Henry
He
monks
Pembroke the title of Pembroke Mill, Causey Mill,
Tenby, and King's Mill at Castlemartin. He was succeeded
by his son, William, Marechal IL Llewelyn ap lorwerth
again appeared, and harassed the land, burning Haverfordwest to the castle gates, and destroying Narberth and
Wiston castles. While this was going on, the great tower
of St. David's Cathedral, built by Bishop Peter de Leia,
William, Marechal
1219.
III.
II. collected
and the war raged to and
a large force in Ireland,
King Henry
fro.
at last
III.
patched up an agreement between the Earl and Prince
Llewelyn ap lorwerth, handing over Cardigan and Carmarthen to the
1231.
latter,
and
for a while
William, Marechal
peace.
II.,
South Pembrokeshire had
died in 1231, and was buried
beside his father, William, Marechal
He was
London.
Richard.Eari
was
I.,
in the
Temple Church,
succeeded by his brother, Richard,
in iU-favour at Court,
and was refused entrance
who
to his
Pembroke, but besieged and took it after a
nominal resistance. As he and King Henry were such bad
He burnt the town of
friends, the Welsh let him alone.
castle
St.
at
David's during a quarrel with the bishop, and was
treacherously murdered in Ireland, at Henry's instigation,
he was succeeded by his brother Gilbert.
Prince
1234.
in 1234
12^0.
Llewelyn ap lorwerth died in 1240; he had married Joan,
;
Earl Gilbert greatly strengthened
GiibÊari daughter of King John.
Marechal.
pembrokc
Castle
;
he died from an accident at a tourney
and was
at Hertford in 1241,
Church.
:245.
His
Goodrich Castle in 1245
Descendants
him
Marechal'
Marchal
for elcveu
I.,
Walter
brother
days
and
;
;
succeeded,
who
Temple
died
at
his brother Anselm only succeeded
he was the
Isabel,
also buried in the
last of the sons of William,
daughter of Strongbow and Eva,
HISTORY
and the curse
clared that
thus
of the
II
Bishop of Ferns in Ireland (who de-
Wilham had robbed him
fulfilled,
his sons
had
all
of
two manors) was
His great
died childless.
were divided among his six daughters, the
possessions
Pembrokeshire
property
the
to
falling
second,
married to Warine de Munchensy. He was a man
and made many restorations and improvements.
Joan,
of peace,
In 1256 Llewelyn ap Grufudd ap lorwerth, Prince of
"56-
North Wales, made war on the south, but did not attack
Pembrokeshire
;
previous to
had again destroyed
St.
this, in 1248,
an earthquake
David's Cathedral.
In 1260 he
i^ô.
Tenby.
Meanwhile the Wars Henry in.
plundered and destroyed
^
J
^
Wars of the
In 1264 Warine Barons.
of the Barons were raging in England.
de Munchensy, Earl of Pembroke, was beaten at the Battle
of Lewes,
and went into
estates were
exile
;
and Pembroke Castle and
handed over to the Earl
of Gloucester.
In 1265 Earl William de Valence landed at Pembroke
with 150 knights and retook the
Henry
castle.
died
III.
and was succeeded by Edward I. On Christmas
Day, 1277, peace was at last concluded between the English
and Welsh, but war broke out again in 1282, and young
in 1272,
1265.
Henry
iii.
1272.
Edward
i.
"77.
William de Valence, heir to the Earldom of Pembroke,
was
slain.
Prince Llewelyn ap Grufudd ap lorwerth was
also slain in a skirmish at Builth in 1283
Kymric Prince
of Wales.
;
he was the
His descendant, Rhys ap Mere-
dydd, kept the flames of war alight for a time
besieging
him
at
DrwsUyn
last
Castle, Sir
1283.
Lastlc^mric
°
;
while
wa°es.
Wilham Munchensy
(Joan Marechal's son) was buried alive in a mine.
In
1292 Rhys ap Meredydd was executed at York, and his
kinsman Maelgwyn Vychan hanged at Hereford
in 1295
;
with him ended the house of Rhys ap Tewdwr, which for
1295.
End~the
o°Têwd^''*
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
12
two hundred years had waged such bitter and unrelenting
war against the foreign colony of Pembrokeshire.
That colony was of the utmost importance to England,
as a check upon the wild and barbarous Welsh and it was
always accessible by sea from Bristol, as the Welsh never
seem to have made war on the sea. It was girdled by a
;
Edward
I.
chain
castles:
of
Wiston,
Dale,
Benton,
Llawhaden, Narberth,
Laugharne
;
Haverfordwest,
St.
Clears,
Picton,
Llanstephan,
so strong a line of defence that lower
Pem-
brokeshire, with the exception of Tenby, seems to have
escaped during
Manorbier
—
three times taken
the end of
the war Manorbier and Carew were
hands
of
in 1150, 1186,
;
and 1260.
Tenby was
Castle
rebuilt.
the latter part of the long war
all
still
but
At
in the
Gerald de Windsor's successors, and Manorbier
was then
Besides these castles and Pembroke,
rebuilt.
the strongest of
all,
there were fortified houses at Upton,
and Stackpole, defended by the Malefants, Wirand Vernons, also smaller places, such as Roch and
Orielton,
riotts,
Angle Castle, the
latter
'
unique in the whole of Wales,'
according to Barnwell.
1283.
Pembroke
created
County
Palatine.
In 1283
Edward
I.
created Pembroke one of the Counties
Durham, and Hexhamshire (the palatinate of Pembroke was abolished by Henry
After the peace there was much rebuilding and
VIII.).
restoring of castles in lower Pembrokeshire, and William
de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, surrounded both Tenby and
Palatine, with Chester, Lancaster,
Pembroke towns with strong walls in Edward I.'s reign.
As the land grew more settled, the townsmen grew richer,
and demanded protection in their houses—no longer content
to fly to the castles on the approach of danger, leaving
their goods a prey to the spoiler.
It
was
in
1298 that the
HISTORY
13
Charter of Philip de Angulo was granted, of lands
'
in
Angulo,' and the windmill of his mother Isabella, of which
a copy
is
given elsewhere.
Wilham de Valence
1^07.
-'
'
^^.^^'^^f
Anguio.
On
died in 1296, his Countess Joan in
his death his son,
Aymer, became
He was
earl.
•'
an absentee from Pembroke, and died on the day that he
married his third wife at Compiegne, in 1324. He was
1296.
Death
—
I324-
r
1
of
Earl Wm. de
vaience.
buried beside his father in Westminster Abbey, and left
Edward II.
Possessions
were
death
his
at
possessions
his
no children. Among
-^
°
of
the church and rent of Rhoscrowther, the
martin, the
rents,
of
'
Angelo,'
i8s.
Luna (Limney) 20d.
Tenby a weekly market,
of
rents,
Aymer de Valence granted to
every Wednesday, but made no
it.
Aymer de
of Castle- vaience.
Corston {Gos or Cors, a marsh), 46s. 8d.
hills of
those attending
manor
provision for the safety of
When Henry
II.
granted a market
to Pembroke, he decreed that from sunrise on Saturday to
sunset on
Monday
all
should be safe
who came from
the
Edward
11.
ford of Lantesy (Lamphey, original Welsh Lanfydd, church
of the south,
Norman, Lanfoy), from Stentelbrigge (Stem-
from the great Ditch of Pentecoyte (Coits' Mill),
and from the Passage (Pembroke Ferry). Aymer's sister,
Isabel de Valence, married John de Hastings, and her son
bridge),
Laurence became Earl of Pembroke.
succeeded by his son John,
who
1327.
He, in turn, was Edward
in.
fought at Crecy.
died in 1377, his son, the Black
1377.
having died the year before, and Richard II.
succeeded to the throne of England. John de Hastings
Richard
King Edward
III.
Prince,
died in 1375, his son John in 1390, aged eighteen, and
the Earldom and Palatinate of Pembroke
Richard, who, in 1397, presented
Earl of Worcester administering
it
it
fell
to
King
to his Queen, Isabel, the
for her.
In 1397, also,
1397-
11.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
14
KingRichard
sails
King Richard
sailed
from Haverfordwest with an army to
to Ire-
land from
Haverford-
quell rebellion in Ireland, landing again after nine
west,
in
Milford Haven.
months
During the peaceful commencement
began
of the fifteenth century, unfortified country houses
Probable
date of
Hall, Angle.
to be built in Pembrokeshire.
This
probably the date
is
of the building of Hall, Angle.
Owain Glyndwr, who, through
his mother, Elen,
house of Llewelyn ap Grufudd,
of the
last
was
Kymric Prince
was born at Treffgarn in 1349, or thereabouts
Owain was a
his father was Grufudd Vychan (Small).
favourite with King Richard, and was his esquire before his
of Wales,
;
overthrow by Henry Bolingbroke the Lancastrian, who
1400.
Henry IV.
Owaln Glyndwr.
became King Henry IV. in 1400. Owain Glyndwr raised
the Welsh in rebellion against him, and the same year was
by them proclaimed Prince of Wales. In that year also
Pembroke was in the hands of a Deputy, one Francis a
Court, called Lord of Pembroke and Haverford, who
administered it for Henry's son John, Duke of Bedford,
Henry having ousted Queen-Countess
Isabel and her representative, Francis, attacked Owain, and
surrounded him on Plynlimmon, but he burst out and
escaped. Henry himself then attacked him, and managed
but
to seduce one of his followers, William ap Tudor
then
a
minor.
;
1403.
Owain again prevailed, and strengthened his little kingdom.
He was crowned Prince of Wales at Machynlleth in 1403,
and afterwards marched on Carmarthen but Sir Francis a
Court made terms with him and he left Little England in
peace. Sir Nicholas Carew at that time held Carew Castle,
;
and was
1405.
Many
Sir Francis's
battles
ambassador to Owain.
followed
between
Henry and Owain.
In 1405 Owain invited a French force to his assistance
;
HISTORY
15
they landed at Haverfordwest, which town they burnt,
and then marched on Tenby, where they met Owain
Tenby appears to have capitulated. The English fleet
;
then attacked the French
the French returned
flotilla in
home
Milford
Haven
;
but
the following year with a loss
of only sixty, so the battle could
hardly have been
French
flo-
tilla in
Mil-
ford
Haven,
a
sanguinary one.
In 1406 Sir Francis a Court
made another
league with
1406.
Owain, the money paid over being lodged with Stephen
Perrot of Jestynton and John of Castlemartin.
kept
this
Owain
compact, and troubled Pembrokeshire no more
he died an outcast
;
in Herefordshire in 1415.
widow
Henry
of
V.,
and mother
(then a minor), gave birth to a child.
it
On
iv.
Henry v.
1413.
In 1436 Katherine de Valois, daughter of Charles VI.
of France,
Henry
of
1436.
Henry VI.
investigation
was discovered that she had had four children
since her
widowhood by Owen Tudor, a Welsh soldier about the
Court
he was descended from Edwyfed Vychan, who
;
married Gwenllian, daughter of the Lord Rhys, Prince of
South Wales,
who
fought
Tudor was imprisoned
in
against
Edward
I.
Owen
Newgate, but contrived to escape
Owen Tudor.
;
Queen Katherine died in 1437. In 1442, when Henry VI.
came of age, he forgave Owen Tudor, allotting him £40 per
annum. Henry VI. 's queen was Margaret of Anjou, and
1437-
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester and
Pembroke, was holding, as Count Palatine, the
the heir presumptive,
Earl of
Pembroke, Tenby, Kilgerran, and Llanstephan.
Queen Margaret was his bitter enemy, and had him arrested
castles of
and done
to death in prison in February 1447.
Tudor
(the
1447,
Henry VI. created his half-brother, Edmund
7^.
eldest son of Owen Tudor and Queen Katherine), hcmTvi.
In 1454
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
i6
Richmond and Jasper Tudor, the second son, Earl
Pembroke Castle had hitherto been a sort
of Pembroke.
of defensible barrack, but Earl Jasper made it his home, and
in 1456 his sister-in-law, Margaret Beaufort, who had
married his elder brother Edmund, Earl of Richmond, paid
Earl of
1456.
Birth of
Henry VII.
at Pembroke.
him a
;
visit there,
and on January 21 gave birth
afterwards Henry VIL
In 1458 Earl Jasper strengthened the walls of Tenby,
1458.
making them
six feet
Owen Tudor, about
Edward of York
Wars
to a son,
of the
Roses.
wide
all
this time,
round
;
he knighted his father,
and fought stubbornly against
(Edward
Mortimer,
descendant
of
The Wars of the Roses were now raging
England, Henry VII. representing the hope of the House
Lancaster. Sir Owen Tudor was beheaded after the battle
Richard
I.).
in
of
of
Mortimer's Cross in Herefordshire, where the Lancastrians
were defeated
1461.
Edward
IV.
1468.
in 1461
;
and Edward
of
York was crowned
same year. Jasper's
earldom was now forfeited, and little Henry Richmond
handed over to the custody of Lord WiUiam Herbert at
Raglan Castle. In May 1468, Lord William was created
Earl of Pembroke, the first Welshman to hold that honour
Edward IV.
of
England in March
of the
;
but he was captured by the Lancastrians and beheaded the
1469.
following year, 1469.
King Edward IV.
fled the land,
and
welcome Queen Margaret back was Jasper, now
again Earl of Pembroke but after a defeat at Tewkesbury
(young Henry Richmond with him), he fled to Pembroke,
the
first
to
;
FUght of
Henry Rich-
mond
to
Brittany.
and thence by ship from Tenby
to Brittany.
After the battle of Mortimer's Cross in 1461,
Rhys ap
Thomas,
Thomas ap
Grufudd, the leader of the Welsh, retired with his younger
son Rhys to Burgundy, where young Rhys was brought up
and educated
;
when they returned
later to Wales,
he was
;
HISTORY
in consequence a soldier
17
and a gentleman, very
different
who had never stirred from
Thomas ap Grufudd was murdered after his return
Wales, and Rhys ap Thomas became the head of the
from
his half-savage brothers,
home.
to
house.
Being a
man
of
sound judgment and broad views,
he made friends with the Enghsh, and took Carew Castle
on mortgage from Sir
Edmund
Carew,
who was
going
Lord William Herbert had now become Earl of
Huntingdon instead of Pembroke, and Edward IV. had
abroad.
granted the latter to his young son. Prince Edward, so
was no one there on the spot to rival Rhys ap Thomas,
Lord of Carew. Rhys married Eva, the heiress of Court
there
Henry.
After the death of
a boy of thirteen,
who
Rhys cautiously
abroad
V. (Earl of Pembroke),
only reigned two months,
fealty to Richard III., the
Margaret Beaufort,
Edward
Hunchback,
in Brittany
in 1484.
Countess of Richmond,
in favour of her son,
Rhys swore
Later on
approached
1483-
Edward v.
Richard in.
1484.
young Henry, then
with his uncle, Jasper Tudor.
Rhys
was very cautious, but at length gave way, being absolved
from his oath to Richard by the Bishop of St. David's,
and
(or
Henry ap Edmund ap Owen ap Meredydd ap Tudyr
Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond) sailed from Harfieur
'
'
with
his uncle Jasper in
August
I,
1485,
and landed
after fourteen years exile.
He was
at
Dale on
there
met by
Rhys ap Thomas, Lord of Carew, riding on his charger. Grey
Fetterlocks.'
Rhys either lay on the shore for Henry to
'
step over, or crouched under the Mullock Bridge while the
cavalcade passed over his head
;
historians differ on this
They marched to Carew, and lay there that night
at Llwyn Davydd in Llandisilio Parish on August 5, entertained by Davydd ap levan
to him Henry afterwards
point.
;
1485-
Henry Rich-
mond
lands
at Dale.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
i8
sent the Hirlas Horn,
1485,
now
in the possession of Earl
Cawdor,
reward for his entertainment, or as a christening
present to his daughter's son, born nine months after
Henry's visit, and reputed to have Tudor blood in his veins.
Hen^TRich- either as a
^
S°Daie?''
Batue
Henry and Rhys, with their ever-increasing following,
marchcd on through Shrewsbury and Stafford to Bosworth
Field, beyond Atherstone, where they met, defeated, and
slew Richard HI., the Hunchback, and Henry Tudor was
of
FiSr'^''
1485.
Henîi. proclaimed Henry VH.
England, 1485.
of
Rhys ap Thomas is said to have added the
great northern wing of Carew Castle, with large square
he also gave a
mullioned windows in the Tudor style
Soon
after this
;
a°cTrew^"
great tournament there on St. George's Day, 1507, in honour
Castle
of his admission to the
,507.
(mounted on
at
Hants
in
he havmg
of the Garter,
Grey Fetterlocks)
BeauHeu Abbey
rewarded.
Order
in
slain
Perkin
1497,
Warbeck
and been thus
Five or six hundred gentlemen were present at
Thomas's
this tournament (the only one recorded in Wales), and a
Tournament'
... , ^
j
j
at Carew
thousand souls all told the festivities lasted five days and
;
were on a magnificent
1507.
throne was
set, as if
At the banquets the King's
he were present, and not
nobles were served was
left
scale.
it
turned aside, as
if
till
the higher
the King had
the table, after which those of less exalted rank might
down and enjoy the feast.
Henry Vn. died of consumption in 1509, and was
succeeded by his second son, Henry VHI. Sir Rhys ap
Thomas died at Carew in 1527, and was buried at Carmarap Rhys ')
his descendant, Lord Dynevor (Rice,
then
sit
Henry VIII.
^5°9
.
1527.
'
;
repaired the
Rhys and
Stradling.
tomb
in 1865, finding there the skeletons of
second wife Janet, widow of Thomas
Rhys was succeeded by Rice, the son of his son
of his
HISTORY
Griffith,
19
who predeceased him. One of his natural daughters,
Henry Wirriott of Orielton, High
George had a son who died young,
married
Margaret,
Sheriff in 1548
;
their son
and an only daughter who married
Bodowen
(or
Sir
Hugh Owen
of
Bodeon), Anglesey.
Rice ap Griffith ap Rhys was unjustly beheaded for
conspiring to bring James of Scotland to England in 1531,
1531.
when only twenty-three years old his son, Griffith ap Rice,
was pardoned by Queen Elizabeth, but Carew had already
been seized and given to strangers by Henry VHI. In
1780 George Rice married Lady Cicely Talbot, and was
;
created Baron Dynevor.
Henry VIII.
1-111
blockhouses
Haven by building the
1iTî
1.
and Dale, and m 1532 created Anne
fortified Milford
r-Ai
of Angle
Boleyn Marchioness of Pembroke.
Bishop of
St. David's,
In 1538 William Barlow,
unroofed the Palace at
St.
David's
(some say he sold the lead to get portions for his
daughters,
who aU married
bishops)
;
his wife
Wellsburn, a runaway Abbess of Norfolk.
Llawhaden.
Dale and
Angle blockhouses buut.
L!il"
1538.
five
was Agatha
He also unroofed
In 1536 the Act for Suppression of the smaller
Monasteries was passed, and Richard, Suffragan Bishop of
Dover, came to West Wales to enforce
In 1540 Henry VIII. rent
Barlow
of St. David's,
Lamphey
and gave
it
it.
Palace from Bishop
eldest son of Earl Ferrers, afterwards Earl of Essex.
who always managed
1540.
to Richard Devereux,
Barlow,
to suit himself to every change, like
the Vicar of Bray in the old song, became Bishop of Bath
and Wells
in 1548,
and afterwards
of Chichester,
where he
1548-
died.
After Rice ap Griffith was beheaded in 1531,
seized
Carew
Castle,
and granted the governorship
Henry
of it to
c 2
Edward vi.
"547-53.
—
;
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
20
Mary
1553-8-
Elizabeth.
1558.
Sir John
Perrott.
John Perrott of Haroldston and Jestynton, whose mother, Mary Berkeley, was married to Sir
Thomas Perrott, a gentleman of the Bedchamber. Young
his natural son, Sir
John was brought up almost entirely at Court, and
became a man of great power in South Wales, owning
Sir
and many manors on the south side of
Milford Haven, among them Pennar, East and West
much
property,
and
Popton,
In later
life
he
Halle
'
fell
Place in
Nangle
(George Owen).
'
into disgrace with Elizabeth, greatly on
account of his unruly temper and turbulent nature, so
like that of his father,
Henry
whom
VIII.,
he
is
said to have
His end was a sad one
closely resembled in appearance.
he died a prisoner in the Tower under sentence of death
Elizabeth.
in 1592
if
but Elizabeth would probably have pardoned him
;
he had
warrant
lived, as she constantly refused to sign the
for his execution, repeating that he
subject.'
He was Governor-Deputy
was
'
a good and loyal
for Ireland 1583-8.
Richard Devereux, Earl of Essex, and holder of Lamphey
1576.
Robert, Earl
of Essex.
Palace from the King, died in Ireland in 1576.
His son,
Earl Robert, aged nine, succeeded, and his wife, Countess
Lettice, then married the Earl of Leicester,
beth's favourite,
and
his daughter,
afterwards married Sir
Sir
John.
Thomas
Dorothy
Queen
(or
Penelope
Perrott, son of the
Earl Robert's uncle,
Eliza?),
famous
George Devereux, now
Lamphey, and Earl Robert appears to have lived
there with him until he was twenty-two, his real home being
Chartley, where Queen Elizabeth wished to imprison Mary
lived at
Queen
of Scots,
but gave up the project on his remonstrance
he had by that time become her chief favourite.
1592-
John Perrott in the Tower in 1592
vast property was all seized by the Crown, and at Carew
At the death
Sir
John
Perrott.
his
of Sir
HISTORY
Castle an inventory
belongings,
which
was made
of all
interesting
is
furniture of a gentleman's house
beds, of which there
21
was
the furniture and
showing what
as
•
the
Feather
at that date.
seem to have been an extraordinary
number, were valued at
and there were
30s. apiece,
said to
valuation of
furniture at
be
fifty-eight of
blankets,
sheets,
and
them, besides an enormous quantity of
pillows
and
Not many
rugs.
of little value those there were, rushes
at that date
;
seats
for the
window
5s.,
towels
bedrooms, fourteen tables, and plentiful table-linen
many
a clock, a chess-board with men,
books
los., stools
for the
only one small looking-glass, valued at
;
carpets,
were chiefly used
only fifteen chairs, valued at £2
and forms a great number, and cushions
of music, not
much
but
plate,
;
instruments and
all articles of
use of pewter, a few only of copper
carewCastie.
domestic
a large collection of
;
arms, including bows and arrows, swords, small cannon, and
sixty-five horsemen's staves.
There were ninety-five horses
of various kinds, averaging a value of 29s. 6d. each, the
highest priced one being valued at
and 1500 sheep.
£()
;
400 head of
It is curious that the castle
cattle,
seems to have
contained no feminine belongings, except the one small
looking-glass.
Sir
Thomas
Perrott died soon after his father. Sir John,
and Carew was bestowed by Elizabeth on her
Robert, Earl of Essex.
beheaded on Tower
He
fell
favourite,
into disgrace later,
Hill in 1601, the Countess of
and was
Nottingham
having kept back the ring he sent by her to the Queen to
plead for mercy.
Essex's death
Later, on her deathbed, the Countess
confessed this deed to the Queen,
the last spark of
1601.
life
who
is
said to have shaken
out of her in her rage and misery
;
—
'
Elizabeth never recovered from this
grief,
she died in 1603.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
22
With Robert, Earl
Sir Gilly Meyrick,
of Dr.
Knight, of Gellyswick, Milford Haven, son
Rowland Meyrick, Bishop
daughter of
and fought and died
of Essex, lived
Owen
of Bangor,
Barrett of Gellyswick
;
and Katherine,
they were lifelong
from boyhood, and shared the same tragic fate.
In 1588 Lewis Dwnn, Deputy Herald of Wales, made a
visitation, and a list of the county people, and again in
friends
James
I.
1613-
1613, in the tenth year of
Scotland.
James
of
I.
England and VI.
James was descended from the House
of
of
Tudor
through his great-grandmother, Margaret, a daughter of
Henry VII.
In
1613
Lewis
Dwnn
records
that
John
Devereux, son of Patrick Devereux, gent., of Ireland, married
Margaret, daughter of John Harries, of the Hall, Angle.
Owen Morgan,
B.A.,
was Rector
of
Angle at that date, and
Henry Dawes, whose wife was Lettice Walters of Roch
probably during the
Castle, was living at Castlemartin
Sir
lifetime of his father, Griffith Dawes of Bangeston.
John Carew, Knight, was at Carew Castle, which became
Crown property in Elizabeth's reign, after the death of Sir
John Perrott. Harry White (Whites of Tenby) was at
Henllan, PwUcrochan
and at Orielton Sir Hugh Owen,
Knight, of Bodowen, Anglesey, had married Elizabeth,
;
;
heiress of the Wyriotts
;
later
on their daughter married
John Laugharne of St. Bride's, and another daughter Harry
Bowen of Upton Castle. Roger Lort was at Stackpole.
James
I.
forgave the grandson (and namesake) of Robert
Devereux, Earl of Essex, and restored some of his property
in
1620.
^^-
He
Pembrokeshire
;
he seems to have lived at Lamphey.
1620-1, and
him John
Meyrick of Fleet, at Monkton, near Pembroke, and Rowland
Laugharne of St. Bride's. James I. died in 1625, and was
fought in
Holland
in
with
HISTORY
23
John Carew was then only
the tenant of his ancestral acres at Carew Castle, but he
pointed out to King Charles that no luck could come to any
succeeded by Charles
I.
Sir
charies
i.
occupant of Carew other than a descendant of Gerald de
grandson, of Rhys
Windsor, quoting
" the executions of his
Tap Thomas, of Sir John Perrott, and of the Earl of Essex,
'
John
Carew s re-
sir
storation to
King Charles was so impressed by his arguments that he
Sir John Carew
restored to him the freehold of Carew.
was High
^^
Sheriff in 1623.
Charles
I.
in 1642 quarrelled with the Earl of Essex,
and deprived him
of his office
and commands.
In the same
year occurred the Irish Rebellion, and the terrible massacre
of Protestants
and Pembrokeshire men, furious
;
at the
treatment of their beloved Earl (Essex), joined the party of
Parhament against the King. In 1642 Lord Essex was
1642.
chosen to be Captain-General of the Parliamentary forces.
John Meyrick, son of Francis Meyrick
In 1642-3 John Poyer,
of Fleet, Monkton, near Pembroke.
Mayor of Pembroke, put the town in a state of defence for
With him went
the Parliament
churches of
St.
Sir
;
1643.
he also presented a chalice apiece to the
Mary and
St.
Michael in the town, and
equipped a small squadron of vessels
own cost.
The Royalists, under Lord
for defence
by sea
at his
Carbery,
and
attacked
occupied Tenby, and then laid siege to Pembroke, where
the gallant Poyer and
Rowland Laugharne
were very sorely pressed.
vengeance
down
;
amongst
Lord Carbery threatened
other, that
John Poyer should be
Pticks or Prix Pill (Pretty
and that
sacked.
all
of St. Bride's
Pill)
dire
rolled
in a barrel of nails,
the houses round should be plundered and
This so terrified the owners that they fled in
all
|'|g^^^^°^^g
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
24
kinds of disguises, and sent their wives and children to beg
mercy
of
Lord Carbery
at
White
of
wife of Griffith
eight sons
and
Tenby
amongst others the aged
HenUan, PwUcrochan, mother of
;
and grandmother
eight daughters,
children, all at
HenUan.
of four
In spite of her eloquent appeal,
the deputation was badly received.
But help came at last,
the Parliamentary ships Leopard and Swallow arrived in
the Haven, and the Pembroke garrison were able to sally
forth and attack in their turn.
They took Stackpole and
Pembroke
Its
garrison of sixty, Roger Lort hiding (possibly in Lort's
Parliamentarians reta-
Holc)
;
and
also took Trefloyne near
Tenby,
Pill
Fort near
liate,
Haverfordwest, and Haverfordwest
Owen
itself,
He was
of Orielton lay a prisoner.
where
Sir
hurried
Hugh
off half-
dressed in the night, with his wife, to Carmarthen.
The
Parliamentarians took Roch Castle, and afterwards attacked
and retook
Carew capitulated to Poyer,
Pembroke, now Colonel Poyer.
Tenby.
Mayor of
In 1644 King Charles
fighting
Charles
I.
1644.
Siege of
Picton.
He
to Pembrokeshire.
Sir
army
retook Haverfordwest, and besieged
Richard Phihpps at Picton, which he eventually took.
Sir Richard's son
story
the
sent Colonel Gerard with an
the
is
and two daughters were
told that the son
window from
and
his nurse
heir
;
and one
was snatched through
by a Royalist
obliging the castle to surrender
there,
soldier,
thereby
another version has
it
that Sir Richard himself, being a very small man, was
dragged
1644.
making terms with the besiegers.
Erasmus Philipps was the heir in 1644, but could not have
out
been an infant
while
he served as High Sheriff in 1655
probably the true one.
in arms, as
so the second version
is
Colonel Gerard also took
the land with fiendish
;
Roch and Carew, and laid waste
cruelties.
Then the tide of victory
HISTORY
turned
again
:
25
Picton was re-taken after three weeks'
from the Royahsts, who were driven off into GlamorThen came a spht in the Parliamentary party,
ganshire.
siege
chariesi.
Cromwell leading a faction against Lord Essex, called
Independents, Lord Essex and his Presbyterians being too
much
monarchy, nobihty, and old institutions
in favour of
to please the
more
violent Independents.
Lord Essex,
command
Thomas Fairfax
peace's sake, resigned his
;
also resigned his post of Sergeant-Major-
John Meyrick
General at the same time
Sir
;
most strongly disapproved
Essex died
fifth
to Sir
for
in 1646, leaving
both these resignations were
of
no
Pembrokeshire.
in
heir.
Sir
Viscount Hereford, succeeded to his
Lord
Walter Devereux,
Lamphey
property,
which was soon afterwards purchased by the Owens
Orielton.
Esq.,
who
of
was again sold to Charles Mathias,
In 1821
it
built the
modern house.
In 1647 the Scotch Presbyterians sold King Charles to
the English ParHament for £400,000, and he was imprisoned
Holmby House (now spelt Holdenby) in Northamptonshire, afterwards made widely known through Whyte
at
Melville's
1646.
famous novel
of that
name.
Later, the
1647.
^^^^[^^^Jj
ParUament
"""weSth.
King was
by one Cornet Jayne, and brought captive to Saffron
Walden in Essex. The contending parties in England now
stolen
seem to have changed round, and the Royalists and Presbyterians, both Scotch and Pembrokeshire, to have joined
in league together against
Cromwell and
his Independents.
In 1648 Major-General Rowland Laugharne, commanding
Pembroke Castle, was ordered by Cromwell to disband his
forces,
which he refused to do, and was imprisoned.
John Poyer, the
Lort of
fighting
Stackpole and
Colonel
mayor, was threatened by Roger
Grifiith
White
of
Henllan, and
commonwealth.
;
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
26
entrenched himself strongly in Pembroke Castle
First Civil
War.
Cromwell.
A battle was
mean-
Pembroke town for
and, Rowland Laugharne,
occupied
fought,
who had escaped from prison, taking Colonel Fleming's
men in rear with 200 men from Tenby at the critical moment,
Fleming was badly defeated, and Laugharne and Poyer now
and victualled the town, and prepared
fortified
of
Pwllcrochan
Church and
Henllan by
Poyer.
landed at
of
them
that they sailed
forth
sallied
in
pursuit.
themselves in the church (built
Bangeston
buried in the south
to dislodge
wealth.
fortified
Ralph Beneger
is
Poyer
Pwllcrochan,
They, however,
he
Common-
for a siege.
Hearing that two companies of foot from Bristol had
1648.
Siege
Fleming
Colonel
while,
;
aisle),
in the fourteenth
by
century
;
whence he found it impossible
them go, on condition
away and molested him no more. Poyer
;
so agreed to let
then attacked Henllan, where were the owner,
Griffith
White, with Colonel Fleming, Roger Lort of Stackpole, and
John Lort
water
:
it is
of Prickeston.
First Civil
War.
White dropped a number
which are said to have been found
said that in his flight
of gold pieces,
among
These managed to escape by
some
of
the ruins of Henllan.
He had
review.
and proceeded
Poyer then held a great
collected 1200 or 1300
to join Powell at
men by
Carmarthen
pendents (now called Parliamentarians) were
Colonel Horton was sent with an
;
this time,
the Inde-
now thoroughly
army
to Llandilo,
Battles and
uneasy.
sieges of
where Poyer was encamped, and a battle was fought
Fleming also attacking the Royalists in rear, but he fell
Poyer and
Laugharne,
ambush, and
into an
fled
to the church,
which Poyer
upon which Colonel Fleming shot himself rather
than be taken. Horton retired upon Neath, and Poyer
was rejoined by Rowland Laugharne. When they reached
St. Nicholas a great battle took place somewhere between
stormed
;
HISTORY
27
that and St. Pagan's, in which Poyer and Laugharne were
defeated,
and the
latter
wounded
;
the river Ely
is
said to
have run red with the slaughter right down to Penarth.
Poyer and Laugharne made good their retreat to Pemand both now prepared for
broke, and Powell to Tenby
;
a desperate resistance.
He was
Colonel Horton followed hard after them.
first
repulsed at Tenby, but in
May
1648
it
24,
1648.
He formed
his
camp on
capitulated.
Pembroke on
Oliver Cromwell himself appeared before
May
On June
4,
cromweii.
hill
Civil
to the war.
They
but the ladders were too short.
planted two
13 Cromwell
1648.
siegêôf^Pem-
Second
the
south of Underdown, he himself being at Welston.
stormed the town on June
at
little
guns to
Dark Lane from
the mills at the bottom of the
shell
across the
The garrison were reduced to sore straits, and
there had been no time
half of them were mutinous
They had two wells, one in
either to victual for a siege.
the great Wogan cave under the keep in the castle, and
water.
;
The water which supphed
at Monkton con- Weu at
the bridge
°
Monkton
one at Norgans, near Monkton.
this
was conducted across
_
cealed in earthen pipes, fragments of which can
seen, built into the
masonry
of the castle walls.
pipes were pointed out to the besiegers
and were cut through
The
;
but the
still
be
betrayed,
These
by one Edmunds,
Wogan
well remained.
garrison were in great straits for food, having httle
but bread and water, the whole country being in a most
miserable condition, devastated and ruined by war.
After The
,
,
a most extraordinarily gallant and stubborn resistance, both
and mutiny within, and when all hope of
the promised assistance by sea had to be abandoned, and
they realised that it was in vain to search the Haven with
of the foe without
Garrison
pro-"
mlsed help
not sent.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
28
straining eyes
the ships which
for
Rowland Laugharne were
Colonel Poyer and Colonel
forced
to
surrender on
deserted
by the Royalist
held out
;
sent,
would never come.
July
Had
11.
at last
they not been
party, they would certainly have
but the promised squadron of ships was never
and famine and mutiny broke down even
their in-
domitable resistance, though not their courage.
Pem-
Fall of
broke.
Cromwell determined to destroy Pembroke Castle, and
Roger Lort was put on a commission for this purpose. The
Tower was spilt in twain with
gunpowder, but not much more of real demolition was done
roof of the vaulted Barbican
here,
or at Haverfordwest, Carew, or Narberth
;
Tenby
seems to have suffered most, and Roch and Benton were
practically destroyed
On Sunday,
Rev. Peregrine
Phillips
to
preaches to
Cromwell's
who
armv.
his
July
assembled
Picton never even lost
;
16,
OHver Cromwell invited to preach
troops
the
Rev.
Peregrine
harne,
Phillips,
Monkton from Sir Hugh Owen of
Orielton, St. Mary's Pembroke from Sir Roger Lort of
Stackpole, and Cosheston from Sir John Meyrick.
He
lived at Monkton (a gable-end of the old Vicarage still
stands), and was forced during the siege to hide his scanty
held three livings,
stock of flour in the bolster of his bed.
PowelljLaug-
its roof.
Cromwell then
departed to fight and conquer the Scots at Preston Moor.
and
Poyer sent
to the Tower.
Laugharne, Poyer, and Powell were sent to the Tower, and the
following year sentenced to death.
Poyer presented a petition
to Parliament, justly pleading his
the
'
common enemy
demanded a victim.
inscribed
1649.
Death
of
Colonel
Poyer.
child
'
'
;
but
The
Life given of
it
was
many
felt
that public security
three therefore cast lots,
God and
'
shot in the
two being
the third being blank
was made to draw, and the blank
who was duly
services against
Piazza,
fell
;
a
to Colonel Poyer,
Covent Garden, on
;
HISTORY
He
April 21, 1649.
29
a family behind him
left
;
the male
but Bishop Richard Lewis, of Llandaff, was
his descendant on the distaff side, his son and grandson both
have Poyer among their names, a name to be indeed proud of.
branch
is
extinct,
In 1649 Cromwell was again at Tenby, and sailed thence
to Ireland with 3000 horse
and
foot.
John Barlow of Slebech was taken
prisoner in Pill Fort, near Milford Haven, by the ParliamenLater, John Barlow accompanied the Marquis
tarians.
To go back
of
to 1645,
Worcester to the Court of the exiled Charles
II. in Paris,
young kinswoman, Lucy Walters,
daughter of Richard Walters of Treffgarn and Roch, who
assumed, on arrival in Paris, the name of Barlow. She
and with him went
his
became the mistress (some say the wife) of Charles II.
she was then eighteen. Evelyn describes her as The brown,
'
bold, beautiful creature.'
in 1649
James
parted.
on the
Crofts,'
scaffold,
After the death of Charles
Lucy had a
son,
she called
The
pair then
In 1656, the year her father, Richard Walters,
was High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire, Lucy came to London,
where she was arrested and put in the Tower. She was
soon afterwards released, and eventually went entirely to
ruin, the Queen-Dowager taking charge of her two children.
The Walters family migrated from Roch to Dale Castle,
which was afterwards bought by the family of Paynter
;
the Morisons of Portclew, their present representatives,
still
Lucy Walters, taken when an
seventeen, with a good complexion and
Her aunt, Lettice, daughter of WilHam
possess a portrait of
attractive girl of
coal-black hair.
Walters of Roch, married Henry Dawes of Bangeston.
1
The
Ill-fated
Duke
of
Monmouth.
•
I.
whom
and afterwards a daughter.
LucyWaiters
1656.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
30
1660.
Charles
II.
1662.
Roger Lort
created
Baronet.
The Presbyterians of Pembrokeshire had steadily opposed
the King in the first Civil War, but had fully atoned for
their disloyalty by the gallant struggle they made against
Cromwell in 1648. So at the Restoration in 1660, King
Charles II. was gracious to Little England.
He restored
John Barlow to Slebech and created Roger Lort of Stackpole Baronet in 1662, although he had fought so hard on
but Roger was said to favour no cause
the wrong side
but his own,' and to be of any principle or religion to
'
;
'
acquire wealth.'
The
defence
siege of
Pembroke by Cromwell and
by John Poyer seems
and events
in the history
that siege and
all
that
whole land that for
than slowly recover
suffered
and bloody
James
II.
George
George
little
of
Stuart
of plunder, devasta-
so ravaged
and exhausted the
years
it
was unable to do more
by degrees from
also, happily,
civil
II.,
many
itself
all it
line), of
III.
and Mary
whom
George
can be found that
is
had endured
the days of fierce racial struggle
war had passed away, and
William
Probably
it
I.
Anne
unhappy and
in 1689, of
ended the
in 1714,
in the reigns
and
of
George
worth the chronicling
history of this small corner of a great empire, which
I.
played so important a part in the history of
II.
III.
II.,
in the
1727.
1774-
George
ill-fated
and
Mary.
Anne.
1714.
James
brought with
from 1702 to 17 14 (with
1702.
WUUam
of
;
it
of Greater England.
and misery,
tion, poverty,
1689.
to have been the last event
time in which she took her part to any great degree
last
1685.
gallant
importance in the history of Little England, the
of great
and
its
had
earlier times,
and been connected in one way and another with nearly
all the great movements.
who made a tour
Pembrokeshire women
In 1774 an anonymous writer,
Wales, mentions the dress of the
in
as
HISTORY
31
a heavy cloth gown even in summer, and instead of a cap,
'
a large handkerchief, wrapt over their heads, and tied
under their
chins.'
now
This dress has
entirely disappeared
except in the village of Langum, on the
Pembroke, a small colony said to be
where the women do the
pure Norse origin,
and walk long distances
fishing
Here the older ones
with the creel on their backs.
f
1
of
Haven above
•
•
1
a very picturesque and distinctive dress,
still
11-1
the head
wear
Dress of
women
and
of
Pembrokeshire.
throat draped in white linen, entirely covering the hair.
this
is
worn a
soft flat felt hat, the
gown
is
On
generally dark
blue woollen, turned up over a short, scarlet petticoat, the
shoes very broad and strong, with brass buckles,
small fringed shawl pinned round the shoulders.
and a
tunately the younger
and becoming
women
are fast forsaking this suitable
'
'
The aforementioned
worn
Wales by men and women
emporium.'
writer also notices the large beaver hats,
in the Welsh-speaking parts of
alike,
cheap
style for cast-off ladies' finery, or its
imitation from the local
anonymous
Unfor-
the broad brims flapping
over their
shoulders.'
He
speaks of the absence of fences in Pembrokeshire, and
of
horses
and
cattle
being tethered,
their
ropes
often
entangling across the public roads to the danger of travellers.
In August 1790 John Wesley preached at
also at Haverfordwest,
In February 1792
St. David's,
179°.
French men-of-war and a
1792.
Pembroke, and Tenby.
three
lugger, all flying English colours, were seen
from
St. David's. French
vaslon.
They anchored off Carrig Gwasted Point, near Fishguard,
and then ran up French colours, afterwards landing 1400
men and two women. This was a French invasion, under
the
command
army.
of General Tate,
an Irishman
in the
The invaders looted a great many farms
French
of eatables.
in-
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
32
They
but did hardly any other damage.
on their plunder
;
feasted
all
night
but meanwhile John Campbell, Esq., of
Stackpole, and Lord Milford (Sir Richard Phillips of Picton,
created Baron Milford of Ireland,
to
forces
to this
as one of their badges).
'
only 750, but
women
it
is
day carry
The whole
'
force
said that the presence of a
in their high hats
the impression of a very
and
scarlet cloaks
much
However that may
them.
were collecting
oppose them, among others the Castlemartin
Yeomanry Cavalry (who
1792
1776)
larger
be, at
Fishguard,
numbered
number
of
gave the French
army marching
against
noon on February
23, to
everybody's astonishment, the French ships sailed away
again
(Two were afterwards captured
!
one other escaped to Brest.)
;
the lugger and
After a good deal of
tall
down their
Haverfordwest. They were
talking on both sides, the French force laid
arms and were marched into
mostly clad in old English uniforms, dyed a rusty brown,
and old cavalry helmets, and must have presented an odd
and rather pathetic spectacle.
Some think that this
invasion was intended to land in Ireland, where the great
rebellion broke out the following year
;
but among Tate's
papers were instructions from General Hoche, from which
it
appears that three forces were intended to land in England
simultaneously, but those
bound
for
Northumberland and
York never put in an appearance. It was proved that
there were Welshmen among the French, but if the latter
cherished any hopes of the country rising and joining
them, they were doomed to grievous disappointment,
for Pembrokeshire worked itself into a perfect fever of
loyalty
!
Five hundred of the prisoners were confined in a
building at Golden Hill, near Pembroke, where they eked
HISTORY
33
out the meagre prison fare by carving toys and other small
objects for sale, showing
of these escaped
much
by the help
of
neat-fingered
skill.
two Pembroke
girls.
seized a small yacht lying under
to
Lord Cawdor, and
in her
Pembroke
Some
They
Castle, belonging
boarded a French sloop, which
conveyed them back to France, abandoning the yacht,
The two
which was wrecked.
married the two
men
eventually one at
settled in Wales.
for
least
whom
of
girls
went with them, and
they had risked so
these
couples
much
;
returned and
CHAPTER
II
I
HAVE gathered
together some records of places and of
famihes in South Pembrokeshire, which could not conveniently be included in the general History, but which
ought certainly to be preserved
;
it is
a great pity that the
records have not been better kept, they are sadly few and
far between.
These
I
now
them
give, such of
as I could
gather from reliable sources, with their dates.
Angle
De Angulo.
Shirburn.
Rees.
Perrott.
Harries.
Kinner.
Campbell.
Mirehouse.
Owners.
1170.
Henry
II.
In April 1170 Henry
II. sailed
his expedition against Ireland,
ron consisting of three ships.
from
'
The Nangle
on
with Strongbow, the squad-
Some accounts
date of this embarkation as October 18, 1172.
"73-
'
give the
In Easter
week 1173 he landed again at St. David's, and was received
there by Bishop David Fitzgerald, the son of Gerald de
Windsor and Nesta he walked over the Llechlawer stone
;
by the
cathedral, in despite of Merlin's prophecy that he
should die there.
Merlin, the bard of Arthur's court,
said to have been born at St. David's.
according to George Owen,
is
is
The name Angle,
from the Norse Ongull, a
—
fiord
'
;
Anglesey
The Island
is
from the same source,
of the
Fiord.'
generally written Nangle
of the Latin
and
'
Ey
'
being Island,
In the older records
it
is
was probably a corruption
this
;
'
35
In Angulo,' as the
name
figured in deeds
charters.
Between 1173 and 1176 Gerald de Barri, son of Nesta's
daughter Angharad and William de Barri, born at Manorbier,
and best known
became Archdeacon
of
the historian Giraldus
as
of Brecon,
and
U73.
Henry
11.
Cambrensis,
also held the livings
Llanwnda, Tenby, and Angle.
There are Irish grants
in
1215 to Walter and Philip
de Angulo, the grant to the latter being confirmed in 1232.
In 1247 Richard de Angulo held of the earl a knight's
Angle
fee at
;
then there was Stephen, and Philip,
who
'
wreck
John.
1247.
in
1278 granted various lands and demesnes in and about
Angle, together with
1215.
1278.
to Robert de
of the sea,'
Shirburn, with remainder in default of male issue to his
The Golden
daughter Joan, wife of Robert de Castro.
Grove book (page 336) gives Philip de Angulo as marrying
the daughter and heir of Stephen, and their daughter
Isabel as marrying Robert Shirburn, the son of John
that other charter to
found by Dr. Scott
following
who in 1298 granted
William de Rupe or Roch, which was
This was the same Philip
Shirburn.
is
in the British
a translation
From
British
Museum, and
of
Know
all,
my
this
my
Museum
Sloane Charter,
I,
1298.
14.
Philip de Angulo, have given,
present Charter confirmed to
WiUiam de Rupe
have in the tenement of Angle, with appurtenances, together with the dowry of my mother, Isabel, when it shall
(Roch)
all
land which
I
i
:
present and future, that
and by
Edward
which the
XXXII.
granted,
1298,
Edward
I.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
36
called Sepinilond (Sheep Island) and all my
windmiU
as of all my men, with suit of Court
rents of Angle, as well of a
retention therefrom to me or my
without
any
and services of the same,
aforesaid
land, with the aforesaid rents,
the
To have and to hold
heirs.
to the said William and his
appurtenances,
which is aforesaid, with the
and a certain Island
occur,
from the lord in chief of the fee according to measurement, and as it is assigned to the said William by ancient fixed bounds
in meadows,
and limits, freely, quietly, in peace, hereditarily, for ever
heirs or assigns
;
marshes, ways, paths, waters, pastures, turbaries, commons, wreck, in
all easements, save only in forinsic (foreign) service in all things the lord
due therefrom and customary.
my heirs and assigns, bind ourselves
to warrant and acquit and defend forever against all men, the aforsaid
land and appurtenances, together with the aforesaid rents, to the said
William and his heirs and assigns. And that this my gift and grant, and
in chief of the fee as is
But
Edward
^^^^-
I,
I,
the aforesaid Philip, and
confirmation of
my
in the future, I
have strengthened
of
my
present Charter,
may remain
this present
ratified
and established
deed with the impression
seal.
Witnesses
:
John de Nenborth, (Narberth) Seneschal (Steward
Robert de Shyrburn Sheriff (Angle).
Sir Nicholas de
Sir Gilbert
Sir
of
Pembroke).
Karren (Warren).
de Rupe (Roch).
Richard de Stakepole.
|
^
tt-
John de Bary (Manorhier). j
Henry son of Henry (Fitzhenry).
David de Rupe (Roch).
David Wyriot (Orielton).
David Malesent (Malefant, Upton).
Sir
WUham
de Creppings.
John de
Castro,
and many
others, given at
Angle on the Feast of the Purification of the
Blessed Virgin in the year of
Our Lord, 1298.
Gilbert de Angulo joined in the Pembrokeshire conquest
of Ireland
1307.
under Henry
(hence the Nangles of
them by
rebellion,
II.,
and was granted lands
West Meath
was pardoned
to this day)
in 1307,
in
;
Meath
he
lost
and granted lands
s
;
in
37
Connaught, where his descendants took the name of
MacHostilo,
now
Costello.
In 1314 to 1375
John holding a
remained
we
nominally of the Earl
fee
his son
13^.
appears to have Edward
(it
11.
notwithstanding the charter to
in their family
WiUiam de Rupe
Angulo and
find Philip de
in 1298),
but the domain seems then to
have passed to the Shirburns, who held
two centuries
their dwelling, or castle, as also of the de Angulos, was that
of which a small part still stands at the head of Angle creek,
behind the church, and
is
still
it
for
Angle Castle.
called
A
square tower, showing three storeys, with windows and
now remains, but at a short
an old Norman Columbarium, or
distance
wonderful state of preservation.
This was
fireplaces, is all that
there stands
house,
still
in a
Pigeon-
supposed to indicate the dwelling of a Baron in Norman
In Owen's
times, as none of less rank might keep pigeons.
time. Angle
Bay
ran out shoal, as
neere the towne, where
tyde
'
;
we
is
it
does now,
good landing at
therefore conclude that the
'
tymes
all
saving
of the
de Angulos and
Shirburns were able to bring their ships right up to their
very castle walls.
John de Shirburn was Sheriff of Pembrokeshire. He
possibly came there with the great Earl William de Valance,
Robert,
as the home of the Shirburns was in Lancashire.
we see in Phihp de Angulo'
Charter the next was Walter, who was a Juror at Pembroke
after him came his son Nicholas, who
in 1327 and 1331
his son,
was
Sheriff in 1298, as
;
;
received in 1340 from Lawrence Hastings, then Earl of
Pembroke,
a
general
pardon
for
offences
(probably during the Earl's long minority).
in
1350
(his wife's
name was
Margaret).
committed
Nicholas died
His son John was
1340.
Edward in.
'
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
38
a Juror at Pembroke in 1357, ^^^^ did service to Sir William
1362.
de Carew
;
he died in 1362, leaving a daughter, Alice, ten
years old.
John Cradock
of
Newton was
Another John held lands
in 1350, the
also a Juror in
in Castlemartin in
1347
1327.
^^ died
'<
same year as Nicholas de Shirburn, and Roger
(Fenton says Robert), his son, then aged seventeen, married
Margery de Shirburn, Nicholas's daughter, the day
On
father's death.
the death of her brother John in 1362,
leaving only Alice, aged ten, Margery
Angle
;
Fenton
which makes
Newton
of
calls
her
it
appear probable.
Roos (Roose,
in
descendant.
Sir
Richard
Henry
VI.
inherited
is
buried at Angle,
He was
called
Lord
Llanstadwell parish), his
in
Cradock,
Thomas Perrott, and
changed his name to Newton
of Sir
1444-
may have
daughter and co-heiress
a
'
Roger, or Robert Cradock,
(with John).
after her
married
a
daughter
the heiress of Jestynton, and
he died in 1444, and is buried
at Bristol; he was Lord Chief Justice of England. The
;
family of Cradock, or Caradog, was descended from Prince
Jestyn ap Owain ap Hywel Dda,
it
who
built Jestjniton, so
returned appropriately to the Cradocks with Sir
Thomas
Perrott' s daughter.
for
Robert de Vale, Lord of Dale, had property in Angle,
In Angulo to Stephen
in an old deed he grants lands
'
the son of Alexander de Angulo
;
'
and de Shirburn may have
succeeded to the property by marrying a daughter of
Stephen.
In 1447 Nicholas de Carew held lands in Angle of Edward
1447-
de Shirburn,
'
by
Court at Nangle.'
St.
Anthony
military service
This
and
suit
Edward founded
there, believed to
of
Edward's
the Chapel of
be the small chapel behind
the church,
in
still
good preservation, known as the
39
Sailors'
Chapel.
Owen
In 1595 George
writes in a
and lime
of the strata of coal
in
MS. giving the course
Pembrokeshire
The
'
:
1595-
Elizabeth.
second vayne of lymestone, and cheefest of the two, beginneth
at the south of Milfordhaven, west of the Nangle, at a place
West
called
where the one side
Pill,
you
of the Pill
perceive the lymestone, and the other a red stone
kinde
redde
of
stone
.
.
accompanieth
.
lymestone almost throweout, as
lymestone being hott and
stone
is
and substance
in coUer
This vayne
.
.
of
St. Florens,
and
Tenby, where between
to the sea,
and
under the sea
.
.
.
.
.
it
...
by Carewe
and the Windmills
and soe
;
towne
it
also goeth
taketh water, and passing
it
sheweth
.
fire.
Bater Church,
to
to the norther side of the
there
of
of the
burned with
like a stone
Lanion, Lanfey, and to Williamstone
estward to
veine
and therefore the redde
passeth estward
.
which
;
were a cognisance
it
firie,
the
shall
itselfe
right
Gower
in the cliffes of Llanridean in
.
.
east
.
of
Tenby
about twenty
miles from Tenby, aU under salt water.'
George Owen, writing in 1603 of the islands round the
coast of Pembrokeshire, says
'
:
Sheepe Hand, being neere
the East side of Mylford at the entrance without the Blocke
House, which
is
but a small tumpe, because as
sheepe have onely accesse thereunto
it is
drye,
for at
lowe water
and therefore scarce deserveth the name
Hand, and hath nothinge
'
;
I guesse,
in yt
of
an
worth the notinge.
Further within the mouth of the havon, on the same
side, is
the
Hand
more comonlie
but verie
called Ratt
called
little, full
Hand, but of the inhabitants
Thorne Hand
;
this
of deepe Grasse, a
is
a prettie
Hand
muskett shotte from
1603.
James
i.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
40
mayne
the
this
;
and the
last before
ys the land of Water
Rees Esqre.'
Owen mentions Sheep
and that
it
Island elsewhere as
'
Shippe,'
only accessible on foot after half ebb, and
is
speaks of the remains of a tower, built on the narrow neck
of land approaching the island, which served the country
folk
and
their cattle as a refuge
This tower has
now
from the raids
Welsh.
of the
disappeared, but Fenton says
standing in Elizabeth's time, and that
it
was
was the Norman
it
settlers
who used
visible,
point to Danish origin: probably the tower was
added to
these.
it
;
but the earthworks, which are
still
There are also earthworks traceable above
West Pickard Bay, three-quarters
of a mile to the east of
Sheep Island.
Speaking of notices to
quit,
George
Owen
says
'
:
And
then was the old tenant at Mydsomer to remove out of the
" hall house."
'
Henry Owen
in
a note says
'
:
The farmer's
house, as distinguished from the cottages, so used also in
Galloway, the chief house in the manor, was in
of
England
called the Hall House.'
shire Manors,
George
Owen gives in
In his
'
Castle
list
of
many
parts
Pembroke-
Martyn Hundred,'
Nangle,
Hall place in Nangle,
thus showing that there were two separate manors.
his notes
Perrott
Henry Owen says
is
manor
:
In
In Lansdowne MS. Sir John
said to have held the moiety of a manor, there
styled that of
the
'
of
"Nangle
alias
Halecorte" (does this mean
Hall only, not of Nangle
of Studdock, in that parish.'
?),
and
also lands
John Perrott also held
land at Pennar, Wallaston, Lanbeath, East and West
Sir
Popton, Redhill, Shutlake, Moreston, the mill at Pem-
41
broke Ferry, Benton, also Linney and Frains Lake.
another
Owen
gives
Castell
Manors
of the
list
In
Elizabeth's reign George
in
:
Martyn
Edward Herbert
Sr.
(fl-
of Powis.
1594)
Nangle
Water Rees,
Halle Place in Nangle
Perott.
Stacpoole
Stanley.
Estington
Perott.
Henllan
Whyte.
curia ibidem.
It is curious that in so small a place there should
two manors, but such was evidently the
day the Squire's residence
villagers as
'
Anno
Hall,'
is
case,
and
be
to this
always alluded to by the
not the Hall.
Henry VIII. the Collectors of the Tallage
diverse gentlemen and gentlewomen of the best
were
Vynyes or Lordaccompt,' who owned lands in these
In
19 of
'
'
ships
those for Nangle were
'
;
Thomas
:
Perrott, armiger.
Elizabeth Tankard, vidua.
Lewis
Dwnn
in his Visitation
mentions that in 1613
John Devereux, son of Patrick Devereux, gent., of Ireland,
married Margaret,
Nangle, and that
daughter of John Harries,
Owen Morgan,
of
Hall,
B.A., was then its Rector.
Patrick and Margaret Devereux had a son, John, and a
Elizabeth,
daughter,
(Beneger
of
'
of
'
married
Gastell Martyn.'
Lewis
Bangwm
William
Dwnn
also speaks
William Kiner (rather Keener), eldest brother
Kiner,
off
?)
who
alderman of Harffort,' marrying
Angel.'
Their son
Wilham Kiner
of
'
of
John
Jowan Kembl
Hawl off
the
'
1613.
james
i.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
42
married
Angel'
'Als,
do.
Rowe) off Kell Martyn.'
Fenton in his Tour in 1811
ing
'
Among
Meadow.')
whom
from
also speaks of Hall as belong-
the
still
Mayor
of
Common
the twenty-four
first
name
bears the
name
of
'
(The
house
Nangle
in
now
one Hall, and one a building
is
no evidence that
Councilmen,
;
I
;
(John
co-
sisters,
one the Castle,
called the
probably also used at some time as such
and there
Kenner's
John Kynner.'
Fenton mentions a tradition that three
heiresses, built each a
'
Haverfordwest
of
Howell) was elected, occurs the
date,
(probably
of late years to a family called Kinnar.'
till
behind the house
field
Rowd
Richard
to
Nunnery,
but he gives no
in
any other
still
be traced
can find
record to confirm the statement.
In a
field
on the west side of
the site of a church, the field
coffins
is
Pill
Bay can
called
Church Meadow, and
and bones were said formerly to have appeared
where the
may have
cliff
crumbled away to the
sea.
The Danes
harassed this church, and caused the building
of the present
one in
its
more secluded
situation.
In the Minister Accounts Excheques' T. Q. 20
Eliz.
— 411.
Schedule of Grants, Fines, Cartas, &c., relating to
lands in the county of Pembroke,
we
find the following
:
Lacy de Angulo facta ad povendum Henricum Geffrey et Isabellum uxorem ejes de uno
*
Littora ballani Aliciae
burgagio.
(?
B. in MS.)'
The Angle property, with Bangeston, was bought by
John Mirehouse, Esq., from Lord Cawdor on March 22,
1805, and still remains in his family. He died March 29,
1823, and is buried in Angle Church.
43
Bangeston, in Angle
Bulkeley.
Beneger.
Dawes.
White.
Lort.
Ferrers.
Hook.
Campbell.
Mirehouse.
Owners.
The
earliest
record
Benegers
the
of
of
Bangeston
appears to be in 1172, when a branch of the family took
part with Strongbow in the Irish Invasion. There is
an
Irish
saying
that
Could
Banagher.'
anything very astounding
that
have
Benegers?
performed by the
from
arisen
One
Ralph
II.
feats
Beneger of
It
con-
1342-
effigy of Edward
iii
in his canonical habit, as Rector.
Griffith
we
Henry
beats
'
any
Bangeston rebuilt PwUcrochan Church in 1342.
tains two inscriptions recording his name, and an
him
1172.
hear,
Dawes
of
Bangeston
though how
it
is
the next owner of
became
his
does not
whom
appear,
by marriage with a Beneger heiress. He was
the son of Henry Dawes, by Lettice, daughter of William
Walters of Roch (her brother's daughter, the famous
Lucy Walters, went to France and there met Charles II.,
by whom she became the mother of the ill-fated Duke of
possibly
Monmouth).
Henry Dawes was the son
whose widow Joan, daughter
of
of Griffith
Dawes,
Richard Fletcher, married
Henry White of Henllan, near PwUcrochan (now a ruin),
who was Sheriff in 1592. Griffith was the son of Nicholas
Dawes, by Katherine Butler of Johnston.
His
Griffith Dawes of Bangeston was Sheriff in 1665.
only daughter and heiress, Ann, married Griffith White,
son of Henry White of Henllan, who was Sheriff in 1658.
The Whites were a very old Tenby family, and acquired
1592-
Elizabeth.
1665.
charies
11.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
44
Henllan through Jestina Eynon, daughter and heiress of
John Eynon of Henllan, who married John White. One
Griffith White of Henllan, three times Sheriff, was buried
in
Rhoscrowther Church
in 1589.
Henry, or Harry Dawes, father
Bangeston, appears, according to
This
lived at Castlemartin.
fits
Dawes of
Lewis Dwnn, to have
of Griffith
in with the theory that
Bangeston came into the family by
but
it
during his father's Ufetime,
On June
1686.
James
II.
it
is
put,
Thomas
of
'
Banaston
of
sentatives of
Ahce Bowen
land of Carswell
The farm,
the Tenby
wardens
the
for
Charities,
Dawes
Nangle, Esqre.,'
and Francis Dawes
'
Tenbie,' gents., as repre-
Gloucester, spinster, bought
£290
child,
16,
of
destruction
the
then occupied by Richard
poor and aged of Tenbie.'
half to the Rector
and Church-
Tenby.
had an
son of Henry
who married
Elizabeth,
1692,
Griffith,
Griffith died before his father, leaving
who
Griffith
thus inherited Bangeston
Dawes
aged seventy,
his
of
Bangeston died
monument, with
a small marble coat of arms bearing the three
was one
los.,
of Bangeston, as before stated,
from her grandfather.
January
of
of the
of St. Mary's,
White of Henllan.
William III.
and Mary.
of Bangeston, or, as
of St. Florence, for
and
only daughter, Ann,
1692.
at Bangeston.
to this day, belongs half to the Trustees of
Griffith
an only
of
(at St. Florence),
relief
;
Devereux Hammond, James
with
from Thomas Williams
was
in the Parishe of
Lloyd and Francis Smith
Rowe,
Dawes
Lort, of Eastmoor, Manorbier,
gent.,
marriage
lived at Castlemartin
his father
if
16, 1686, Griffith
Pembroke,
'
Henry
also possible that
is
Griffith's
three
'
Daws,'
monuments which were rescued from
when the south transept
of
Angle Church
45
They were replaced
became ruinous, and was pulled down.
a few years ago, pieced together as far as broken fragments
would
is
One
allow, in the north transept.
two
of the other
a plain grey marble tablet to Mrs. Elizabeth Pritchard,
sister of Mrs.
AUce Dawes (probably
Griffith's wife),
died January 17, 1725, aged eighty-six
;
the other, a hand-
some marble monument surmounted by a coat
to Brigadier-General
White,
of
Elizabeth
of
Bangeston,
who
White married four
Sampson Lort
John Lort
of
Ferrers, the third
grand-daughter
died
of
Thomas
First,
of arms,
husband
Dawes
Griffith
October 26, 1722.
times.
Elizabeth
Lort, son
of
Eastmoor, Manorbier (Sampson Lort,
of
of Prickeston,
and
Sir
Roger Lort
of Stackpole
Henry Lort of Stackpole, Sheriff
Grandfather Dawes is said to have disapproved
1619).
the match, and to have hurried across the fields from
were brothers
in
Thomas
who
;
sons of
Bangeston to Angle Church to stop the wedding
Thomas
(a sailor)
but
;
and the wily Elizabeth had got a chap-
lain with a special licence at the boat-house at the foot
of
Bangeston
Hill,
and
so outwitted the irate old gentle-
man, crossing the Haven afterwards
in a boat.
Ehzabeth's
second husband was Richard, Viscount Bulkeley
came Brigadier-General Thomas
erected
the
marble
monument
which she describes him as her
'
Ferrers,
already
;
then
whom
she
mentioned,
on
to
mourned and dearly
truely
John Hook, who
was Sheriff in 1755, and who survived her. She left no
children by any of her husbands, and John Hook therefore
bequeathed Bangeston to his godson and namesake, John
Hook Campbell, Lyon King at Arms he was a grandson
beloved husband.'
Lastly, she married
;
of
Sir Alexander,
who married
Miss Lort of Stackpole,
1755-
George
11.
;
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
46
brother of Sir Pryse Campbell, and uncle of John,
1795-
George
III.
Baron Cawdor
he died
;
first
His son Matthew married
in 1795.
Eustacia, daughter of Francis Basset, of Heanton Court,
Matthew (who married Anne,
William Adams of Holyland, and died without
Devon, and had a
daughter
issue),
of
son, also
and three daughters,
co-heiresses
;
of
whom
Eustacia
married her cousin Sir George Campbell, G.C.B., brother of
John, First Baron Cawdor
;
he died
in 1821, leaving
no
issue.
Matthew Campbell appears to have got into money
difficulties which obliged him to sell Bangeston the valuable
lead roof was stripped off, and everything removed that
could be turned into money, and the bare walls soon assumed
;
This must have happened
the look of ruin and decay.
after 1789, as
(who wrote
1811.
George
III.
Richard Gough,
his
'
Britannia
'
in
Addendum
an
to
Camden
mentions Bangeston
in 1607),
and Fenton in 1811 laments its ruined
its remembered hospitaUty, therefore the
as then occupied,
and
state
recalls
dismantling must have occurred some time between these
two
if
Fenton
dates.
this is correct,
the ruin
we now
also
mentions
its
'
Norman founder
he must have founded an older house than
see,
whose long, unfortified facade, large
oblong windows, and general sumptuous style point to
later
and
less
troubled times,
when
trees,
enemy
The walled enclosure
in front of the house,
now overgrown with
and a carpet
Bowling Green.
of daffodils in spring, is
There
is
and traces
of beeches, leading
of
glories of the old house.
artificial
pond
an old water-mill
away
still
called the
a large kitchen garden with
magnificently high walls, an
adjoining,
the fear of the
much
eyes.
was not constantly before men's
immediately
'
;
to the westward,
in the
wood
also
an avenue
still
recalls the
47
Matthew Campbell was a great friend of Fenton's, and
entertained him at his house in Pembroke on his Tour in
1811.
Bangeston, with Hall, Angle, and the bulk of the Angle
by John Mirehouse, Esq.,
from Lord Cawdor, and remains in his
property, was bought in 1805
as already stated,
Bangeston being a
family to the present day.
ruin. Hall
became the dwelling-house, but at the time of purhase the
family resided (as Lord Cawdor's tenants) at Brownslade,
and did not take up their residence at Hall until 1864.
Jestynton, in Rhoscrowther
Jestyn ap Owain.
Perrott.
Meares.
Mirehouse.
Philipps.
Owners.
Jestyn ap Owain ap Hywel
Dda
(King of South Wales,
who died in 948) Uved at Jestynton, which he called by his
own name, and probably buUt he is called Prince Jestyn,
948^
Edgar,
;
and was King Hywel Dda's favourite grandson.
Hywel Dda acquired South Wales,
wife
Elen,
King
or Dyfed, through his
daughter of Llywarch ap Hwfaidd, King of
Hwfaidd died in 892, Llywarch in 905.
When the Normans first overran Pembrokeshire under
Dyfed.
Arnulph de Montgomery,
in
1090,
Narberth
fell
to the
1090.
wmiam
11.
Rufus.
who built a castle there,
we now see it was razed to
share of Sir Stephen Perrott, Knt.,
but not the one whose ruins
;
by Grufudd ap Rhys in 1183. About this time
Sir Stephen, by his marriage with Eleanor, daughter and
sole heiress of Merchion ap Rhys ap Rhydderch ap Jestyn
the ground
1183.
Henry
11.
;
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
48
of Jestynton, acquired a great increase to his property,
appears to have gone to reside at Jestynton.
name is given in some
chronicles as Elen, in
probably in those days
Andrew,
remain
of
built the
his
;
it
some
was the same name.
castle
and
His wife's
as Eleanor
His son, Sir
Narberth, whose ruins
of
still
daughter Catherine married Caradog or Cradock
Newton the family later took the name of Newton.
The Perrotts continued to reside at Jestynton
;
for
by
several centuries, until their union with Haroldstone
Peter Perrott's marriage with Alice, heiress of Sir Richard
Harold
;
they then resided at Haroldstone, near Haverford-
famous
west, for three centuries, until the time of the
John
Perrott, son of
power
great
George
South Wales, owning
in
Owen
Henry VHI., who became a man
speaks of him as of
much
Previously to
first
property.
inheritance,
in trust for the King.
this. Sir
Thomas
pheasants
introduced
of
Halle place in Nangle,'
'
and he held Haroldstone and Jestynton by
and Carew Castle
Sir
Perrott of Haroldstone
Pembrokeshire
into
increased to a certain extent, but afterwards
'
they
;
chose other
landlords in other places,' as the old chronicle quaintly puts
it.
Sir
Thomas took
ment given
1507-
Henry vii.
at
a leading part in the great Tourna-
George's Day, 1507, and
at the landing of
at the Battle of
of the
Thomas ap Rhys on St.
known to have been present
Carew Castle by
is
Henry VII.
Bosworth
Bedchamber
to
Sir
at Dale,
Field.
His wife was Mary,
(after his
death she married
Thomas Jones of Abermarlais) and Sir John
reputed to be very
was her son by Henry VIII.
Sir
,
;
father,
both
in
also
Later he was Gentleman
Henry VIII.
daughter of James Berkeley
and probably
appearance and temperament.
Perrott
like his
Sir
John
49
was born at Haroldstone, but was brought up almost
entirely at the Court, being a great favourite with Henry.
He was Deputy
under three sovereigns
Elizabeth.
He
:
;
but he
attainted,
and
man both
at Court
and
in
fell
into disgrace in Ehzabeth's time,
all
his
property confiscated
was
he died a
;
lived
Tower in 1592. It is probable that had he
he would have been pardoned, as Elizabeth had
many
times refused to sign the warrant for his execution,
when urged
was a
to do so, that he
'
good
and loyal subject.' He added the great north wing to
Carew Castle (some attribute this to Sir Rhys ap Thomas
in 1503),
and
in the inventory of his goods at his attainder
is
mentioned a quantity
in
ye newe buildinge
glazier at
'
of glass
(this
'
to glaze ye
was locked up
Tewkesbury having the
chamber, a
in a
key), also
'
windowes
deale or
firr
by estimacion provided for ye dyninge chamber of
the newe buildinge at Carewe,' also tymber red framed
There was a most exhaustive
for some particions there.'
list made of aU his possessions at Carew at the time of his
attainder, which is given in Mr. Edward Laws' History of
Little England beyond Wales at length, and which is most
interesting, showing what the furniture and appointments
hordes,
'
'
'
how little change
there has been since in some things, how much in others.
Sir John Perrott's sister Jane married WiUiam Philipps
of Picton, who was grandson of Sir Thomas Philipps of
of
Henry viii.
South
prisoner in the
saying always,
1583.
held the Castle of Carew in trust for the
Crown, and was a great
Wales
from 1583 to 1588, and lived
Henry VIII., Edward VI., and
for Ireland
a great house were in those days
the Kilsant family
;
married several times.
this family
;
and the Perrotts
inter-
1592.
EUzabeth.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
50
In the public records
is
a document consisting of two
leaves of paper, dated Haverfordwest, September
I59I-
Elizabeth.
Perrott, Knt., purchased of Sir
Among
married his mother).
Manor
Nangle (Hall Manor
of
7,
1591
a part of the possessions of Sir John
(33 Eliz.), setting forth
Thomas
Jones, Knt. (who
these are
named
half the
Manor
in Nangle), half the
of
Castlemartin, that of PwUcrochan, Rhoscrowther, Cocksey,
'
a parcel of land late the property of Nicholas Dawes,'
Lynney
also
and Williamston, both purchased
in Castlemartin,
from Nicholas Dawes.
John
Sir
Dorothy,
Perrott's
son,
Sir
Thomas, married Lady
Robert Devereux, the
sister of
Earl of
ill-fated
perty to
Queen Elizabeth restored Sir John's forfeited proSir Thomas, and was about to make him a Baronet
1601,
when he
died,
Elizabeth.
Penelope
Essex.
WiUiam
1635.
Charles
(a son,
29, 1601.
He
left
Roland, died young),
an only daughter,
who married
first
Lewis, and second Sir Robert Naunton, Secretary
of State to
I.
on June
James
I.
an infant, in 1624
;
;
he died
his only
in 1635, his only son,
daughter married
James,
first
count Bayning, second Philip Herbert, afterwards
Earl of Pembroke.
Visfifth
With Penelope Perrott terminated
the direct line of the Perrotts of Pembrokeshire.
Grove, a
ruin between Stackpole and Pembroke, formerly belonged
to
Lloyd
Lloyd
of
of Morril
in
Thomas
North Pembrokeshire.
married Frances, daughter of
Hugh
was
Sheriff in
John
Sir
1595
Perrott,
John
;
his
Philipps, eleventh Baronet,
Philipps
Hugh's
Jestynton, brother of Sir Richard Philipps.
father
we
Morril,
of
who was
mother was Anne, daughter of
who brought Jestynton
as her dowry.
sister
of
Later,
when William
Grifiith Dawes of
find the family of Meares at Jestynton,
Meares married Grace, the
Sir
Bangeston
year
(the
William was Sheriff in 1673, George, his
in 1643.
son, succeeded
him
at Jestynton,
Dawes
Griffith
of
and was
Bangeston
great grandson, John, was Sheriff in
John
Owen
of
who married
in 1822,
51
Sheriff in 1692
died).
1800,
and
1643-
charies
i.
George's
his
son
Hugh
Charlotte, daughter of Sir
1800.
George in.
of Orielton.
One square tower and a few walls are all that remain
Jestynton, now called Eastington, and converted into a
farm.
It is well situated at the east
must have been a
fine place in its
end
day;
be traced, and the one remaining tower
and
strong.
under the
Some think
turf,
of
that there
Angle Bay, and
its
is
moat can
immensely
still
solid
Roman pavement
is
but no excavations have so far been made.
Eastington was purchased from John Meares of Plas
Llanstephan, Carmarthen, by John Mirehouse,
Common
Sergeant of the City of London, and owner of Angle and
Bangeston, on March 25, 1842, and remains in his family
at the present day.
Stackpole
Stacpoole.
Vernon.
Stanley.
Lort.
Campbell.
Owners.
Sir
Richard Stacpoole, knighted by William the Con-
queror, married Margaret, daughter of Sir Richard Tuber-
vUle of Glamorgan,
and lived at Stackpole, now
Stackpole Court, but not so in the older records.
called
He was
succeeded by his brother Robert, whose son, Sir William,
married a daughter of Hywel ap
commanded
Ithel,
troops under King Stephen
Lord
;
of Roos,
and
he was defeated
1091.
wuiiam n.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
52
by King David
Stephen.
1 169.
Henry
II.
Standards
William's son, Sir Richard, married a daughter
in 1138.
1138.
of Scotland in the Battle of the
Henry Vernon of Haddon, and his son was Sir EUdor,
who went to the Crusades with King Richard I. in 1169,
and whose tomb and effigy are in Cheriton Church. He
of
daughter
married Elsbeth,
of
Sessylt
ap Llewellyn ap
Mereddig, and their daughter, Elsbeth, became heiress of
Stackpole.
Elsbeth married
'
Sir
Rhys, an old Knight of
Rhys ap Grufudd
(Welsh names introduced by the old Knight of War' !),
then a daughter, Sioned (or Joanet), who married William
War
'
then followed Grufudd, then
;
'
Vernon
III.
succeeded.
Sir
Harhston
She died
Vernon.
1368.
Edward
of
He
Henry IV.
there
is
life,
(?)
of
He was
no trace
he died
and her
son. Sir
married Benedicta,
of
Pemburge
sister
Castle,
Richard Vernon,
and
and
heiress of
of
living at Stackpole in
Vernons resident there
Richard
Tong, in
1400, but
later.
Wilham Vernon, Constable of England
1467 then another Sir William, who married
Then followed
for
in 1368,
Fulk Pemburge
Staffordshire.
1400.
in Staffordshire, son of Sir
Sir
;
daughter of Lord Ferrers, and was Lord of
Haddon (Haddon Hall in Derbyshire). Then Sir Henry,
Governor and Treasurer to Prince Arthur, son of Henry
Margaret,
Richard
he fought at Bosworth Field in 1485. After him
came Sir Richard, who died 1518; then Sir George, called
the King of the Peak,' from his extravagant hospitahty.
VII.
1485.
II.
1518.
Henry VIII.
1565.
;
'
of
died 1565, and left two daughters, co-heiresses
whom Dorothy eloped with Sir John Manners, son of the
He
;
Elizabeth.
Duke
of
Haddon as her portion, and
Thomas Stanley, son of the Earl of
Rutland, and took
Margaret married Sir
Derby, and took Stackpole and Tong. She appointed as
of
her steward at Stackpole George Lort, son of John Lort
53
Knowlden, Staffordshire, who was born about 1530. He,
in Lady Stanley's hfetime, changed from steward to owner,
probably by purchase.
George Lort's son Roger, born about 1555, married
Abertha, daughter of his father's second wife, who was the
widow
Hugh Bwrrw.
of
died 1613.
There
Roger was
Worne out with
body
As out
Make
and
a quaint verse on his tomb in the
is
Memorial Chapel at Cheriton Church
My
Sheriff in 1607,
rather,
ja^
:
whence
of prison to
my
soul did flye,
Heaven's ioyes.
these sure, reder,
all
things els are toyes.
:
of Prickeston
and Sampson,
1646,
(now a farm on the Stackpole
Eastmoor, Manorbier.
1619.
James
Henry died
Parliamentary wars on Cromwell's side
bitter
in
he was a
1646.
charfeT
i.
Rowland Laugharne and John
defenders of Pembroke Castle in the
opponent
Poyer, the gallant
;
I.
estate),
and Roger succeeded, who took a very leading part
in the
most
of
i.
lingering sicliness here I lye,
Henry Lort succeeded in 1613, and was Sheriff in 1619.
He had three sons Roger, who succeeded to Stackpole,
Henry,
1613.
of
They on one occasion caught Roger, with
White and others, at Henllan, near PwUcrochan, and
besieged them there
but they contrived to escape. Roger
great siege.
;
was
and was created Baronet by Charles II.
he died in 1664, and his son John succeeded,
Sheriff in 1652,
in 1662
;
whose wife was Lady Susanna HoUes, daughter
of Clare.
sister
of the Earl
charies
Their only son, Gilbert, died in 1698, and his
Elizabeth became heiress of Stackpole
;
she was
then a widow, having married Sir Alexander Campbell of
Calder, or Cawdor, in Nairnshire, in
in 1697.
1662.
1688,
who had
died
11.
1698.
wmil^ in.
^°
"^'
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
54
The
eldest son of Sir
Alexander Campbell and Elizabeth
at
young the second, John, succeeded his
Stackpole, and his grandfather at Cawdor in
He
married Mary, daughter and co-heiress of Lewis
Lort, Gilbert, died
mother
1716.
1716.
George
I.
;
Prysc of Gogcrddan
;
he was Lord of the Admiralty and
He added
afterwards of the Treasury.
mansion at Stackpole, and made the
Pryse,
son,
predeceased
Edmund Bacon
grandfather in 1777. He
1777-
George
III.
his
Howard, daughter
Baron Cawdor
1827.
George IV.
i860.
Victoria,
his
and improved the
married
their son
;
Sarah,
John succeeded
Lady Catherine
Carlisle, and was made
married
of the Earl of
He
of Castlemartin in 1796.
John Frederick, was made Earl
son,
His eldest
library.
having
him,
daughter of Sir
to
died in 1821,
in
1827,
and
married Lady Elizabeth Thynne, daughter of the Marquess
of
Bath
to
Queen
by
his son, the third
John Frederick Vaughan, his
son, married Sarah Mary, daughter of General the Hon.
Henry Compton Cavendish (she was Maid of Honour
;
he died in i860.
Victoria)
;
he died
and was succeeded
in 1898,
and present
Earl.
Orielton
Wirriott.
Owen.
Saurin.
Owners.
Stephen Wirriott of Orielton
1124.
Henry
I.
some
is
of the chronicles of battles of
mentioned
in
which the history
those times almost entirely consisted
;
and
Elizabeth.
house
it
'
there
;
of
1295 the
in
Wirriotts of Orielton are spoken of as having a
1580.
1124 in
'
strong
as all houses were fortified at that time,
was probably extra
strong.
In 1580 one
Thomas
Wirriott
was the
bitter
fact, Sir
John's
enemy
fall
of Sir
was greatly due to
Wirriott was imprisoned in
and when he
quarrel,
John Perrott
of
Carew
55
;
in
his untiring enmity.
Marshalsea during the
the
lost ;îooo in
a lawsuit with Sir
John, he was thrown into Haverfordwest Gaol in default of
payment.
In Lewis Dwnn's Visitation mention
is
made, among
gentlemen residing in Pembrokeshire between 1588 and 1613,
of Sir
lesey,
Hugh Owen, Knt. of Bodeon, near
who had married Elizabeth, heiress
of Orielton
and
in
Aberffraw, Ang-
James
in 1640,
1644 his son Arthur was one of a Committee
1644.
the defence and safety of
Charles
nominated by Parliament
for
I.
of the Wirriotts
he was M.P. for Pembroke Boroughs
;
1613.
I.
Pembrokeshire and the adjoining counties.
Rhys ap Thomas
(who died at Carew Castle 1527), Margaret, married Henry
Wirriott of Orielton, Sheriff in 1548 their son, George, had
One
of the natural daughters of Sir
;
a son
who
died young, and an only daughter, the Elizabeth
aforementioned,
who married
Sir
Hugh Owen
of
Bodeon.
There was again a link with Anglesey in later times,
when
Sir
Hugh Owen, second
Baronet, married in 1664,
Anne, daughter and heiress of Henry
The
first
connection
is
Owen
of
Bodeon.
1664.
Charles II.
recorded in Boulston Church, on a
monument to Lewis Wogan, Esq., of Bordston, who died
1692.
in 1692.
Among his four great-grand-fathers and mothers
wmi^m in
is mentioned Sir Hugh Owen of Bodeon, Anglesey, and
Ehzabeth
Wirriott
of
Orielton,
Pembrokeshire,
whose
daughter must therefore have been Lewis's mother, probably
Owen
whose death, with that of
her husband, Morris Wogan, Esq., is recorded on another
one Frances
monument
in the
of Orielton,
same church.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
56
Owen was Whig Member for the
In 1803, when Sir Hugh Owen, sixth
In 1713 Sir Arthur
1713.
Pembroke Boroughs.
Baronet, came of age, 5000 persons
Anne.
1803.
George
III.
the festivities.
He
are said to have attended
died six years after, leaving Orielton
and Bodeon away from
his cousin Arthur, the succeeding
Baronet, to another cousin, John Lord.
name
1861.
Victoria.
of
died in
Lord took the
Owen, and was created Baronet in 1813. He
1861, and was succeeded by his eldest son. Sir
Hugh Owen, who
sold Orielton to M. A. Saurin, Esq., of
Kilwendeg, near Boncath
;
he had married Margaretta
Jones, niece and heiress to the owner of that place.
Bush
Charlton-Meyrick.
Meyrick.
Owners.
In Hasguard Church, near Milford Haven,
of
Katharine, daughter of
who married
1598.
EUzabeth.
Owen
is
the
tomb
Barrett of Gellyswick,
Rowland Meyrick, Bishop of Bangor, and
died 1598, leaving four sons and two daughters, of whom the
eldest. Sir Gilly Meyrick, Knt. (probably named after the
ancestor who named Gellyswick), was a sufferer for his
Dr.
faithful adherence to the unfortunate Earl of Essex, Eliza-
beth's discarded favourite
firm friends through
life,
on Tower Hill in 1601.
1601.
;
they were boys together and
sharing the fate of the scaffold
It
was from
Sir Gilly that the
Meyricks of Fleet, near Pembroke, were descended,
who
took so active a part in Cromwell's siege of that place in
1648
1648.
Charles
I.
;
and
also the Meyricks of Bush,
the presciit seat of the family.
The
near Pembroke,
original stock of the
Meyrick family
of
is
57
Bodorgan, Anglesey, now the property
George Meyrick, Bart.
of Sir
Thomas Meyrick
of
great-granddaughter of
Bush, Sheriff in 1828, married Jane,
Brown Wilhs,
only daughter, Jane Sophia, married
St.
Charlton, Esq., of Apley Castle, Salop.
son of
name
Apley
George iv.
John Chinerton
Thomas, second
John and Sophia, inherited Bush, and took the
St.
of
Their
the antiquary.
1828.
Meyrick
also
;
on his elder brother's death he inherited
he was created Baronet in 1880.
;
Lawrenny
Barlow.
Lort-Phillips.
Lort.
Owners.
Henry Lort of Prickeston, brother of Sir Roger Lort
his grandson, John,
Stackpole, was Sheriff in 1653
in
1653.
This last
1^23.
Law-
1775-
;
1723,
and
his great-grandson,
John, in 1775.
John married Dorothy, daughter
renny, and from the marriage of
of
of
John Barlow
of
their daughter Elizabeth commonwealth.
with Dr. George Phillips of Haverfordwest come the present
family of Lort-Phillips at Lawrenny.
of Elizabeth,
who was
Anne
Lort, married
The younger
John Meares
sister
of Eastington,
Sheriff in 1800.
The present mansion at Lawrenny is
built by the uncle of the present owner.
entirely modern,
BOULSTON
Adam
le Bull.
Wogan.
Ackland.
-'
Boulston, or Bullston, from
now
a ruin
by the shores
Adam
of Milford
"
le Bull,
Owners.
the Norman,
Haven, just where the
George
George
i.
iii.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
58
two branches
'
Cleddau meet
of the river
Camden's
(called, in
Britannia,' Aberdaugleddau, from Gledheu, ancient British
Water of the Two Swords '), was formerly
a seat of the Wogans, a branch of the family established at
Wiston. Great woods in those days spread around it, and
tradition makes them the haunt of many wild beasts, and
for
a sword, the
'
one called in the old chronicles a
chiefly of
'
which
basilisk,'
by sight, and was in its turn slain if first seen. One
of the Wogans had himself enclosed in a barrel, and carried
into the woods
through a peep-hole in the barrel he saw
and slew the monster (spoken of by one old writer as a
slew
;
On some
'cockatrice').
is still
of the old
Wogan
crests the barrel
seen.
Colonel Ackland built the
great friend of Fenton's
over two hundred and
modern house
;
he was a
the old house has been in ruins
;
fifty years.
Manorbier Castle
Fenton
tells
family of the
us that Manorbier Castle remained in the
De
whom, William, married
Gerald de Windsor and Nesta two
Barris (one of
Angharad, daughter of
;
of William's sons took part in the Invasion of Ireland
Strongbow
1400.
Henry
IV.
by
in 1169)
till
the time of
bier, Penally,
Elizabeth.
IV.,
who granted
patent to John de Windsor the Manors of Manor-
letters
and Begelly
but they did not long remain
;
with him, and changed into
1560.
Henry
under
many hands
during the wars of
the Roses.
Queen Elizabeth granted Manorbier
ap Owen
Trellwyn (Trefloyne)
of
Bowen, married a daughter
of
;
to
his descendant,
Sir
Thomas
Thomas
Erasmus Philipps
of
Picton,
House
and dying without
Many
of Picton.
went through her to the
issue, it
of the freeholders' leases in
bier were for a certain rent
and
'
59
seven red
thus to us of the old Lancastrian days
;
roses,'
Manor-
speaking
but the castle ceased
to be inhabited before the bitter struggle of the Parlia-
mentary wars, thus coming down
preservation as an old
some others.
The name Manor
Norman
member
Pyr
old Welsh
same.
name
He
the
ridicules
name (Man
perfect
supposed by Fenton
one of the oldest Welsh
of the
East
;
the
Caldy Island, Inys Pyr, points to the
for
struggle between a
of
is
Dywrain, or Pyr
of
more
baronial residence than have
of Bere, or Pyr,
to be derived from a
clans (Gwynardd),
to us in
as
man and
or Bear
?),
legend of the deadly
the
false
a bear, to which some trace
and which certainly sounds
improbable.
Castlemartin
The name Castlemartin
Mordyn, as Carmarthen
when
the
the
is
Romans were
is
of
which
Solway was
built,
and
'
There
may have
named from
to
Mordyn means Castle of the Sea Man,'
who had charge of the defence of the coast
Castell
at that place.
At the time
were established on the south and west
fortified places
of the official
Caer Mordyn.
leaving Britain, about a.d. 400,
Roman Wall from Tyne
coasts.
a modification of Castell
the
is
also a Castle Martin near Fishguard,
the same origin, or
Norman Martin de
near Fishguard in 1094
creek of Milford
;
may have
been so
who landed
Haven, a smaU
Turribus,
but Martin's
Haven near Pwllcrochan, was
certainly
400.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
6o
the
official
where
dockyard
were built and kept in
their ships
The remains
be seen
a
in
of the
'
Castell
'
moderate
can
roads meeting at
five
the Pound, the one leading in the direction of Linney
is
called
still
Bluck's
then, as now,
under
Pwll,
Warman's
;
Hill,
Linney
close by,
to repel invasion, built
of
a
from the Castell to
led
Head.
Lady and
Castle
were both formerly earth-forts
by the Sea-Men.
The Norman
Invasion occurred in 1066.
1066.
William Marechal,
1219, left to the
1219.
Henry
it
Head
mouth
Bull Street (Bull, Pwll, the
river or stream)
still
was apparently an
it
;
Of the
size.
repair.
of Castlemartin
north of the Pound
field,
earth-fort of
sea-men round the coast,
for all the
III.
1244.
Earl of Pembroke,
monks
of
In 1244
John de Castro Martini, and another
about 1270.
in
been made), and others
in 1405.
own
is
of the
John de Castro signed the Charter
Angulo as a witness
The Earls
hands, with
its
of
died in
Pembroke, among other
that of King's Mill at Castlemartin.
Sir
who
1298
of the
(of
tithes,
mentioned
same name
of Philip
de
which mention has already
name are spoken of
Pembroke held the
'
in
Castell
1324 and
in their
'
associated earth-forts at BuUiber
and
Flimston, together with King's Mill and the earth-fort adjacent to
having a Knight Resident
the death of Earl
1324-
Edward
it,
II.
Aymer de Valence
Castlemartin was worth £102
ship only £175 i6s. ^\d.
rich
in
os. 2d.,
charge of them.
in
At
1324 the Manor of
and the whole Lord-
Castlemartin was an exceedingly
and valuable corn-growing
district.
Members
of the
family of de Castro Martini took part in the Irish Invasion
under Henry
II.
and Strongbow, and some remained and
settled there, founding families
of
an Irishman,
Sir Nicholas
;
in later times the
de
Castlemartin,
daughter
married
:
Richard
Sir
an
Wellesley,
ancestor
the
of
6i
Dukes
of
Wellington.
As before mentioned, Flimston was also a knightly
William le Fleming,
residence under the Earls of Pembroke
;
whom
from
probably derived
it
and Walter de Castro
its
name, held
it
in 1246,
in 1324.
BOSHERSTON MeRE
This
is
a very curious blow-hole on the
not far from
cliffs
near Stack-
Goven's Chapel, the quaint
little
hermitage nestling halfway down the great limestone
cliffs,
pole,
St.
have been the
final refuge of Sir
of Arthur's
Knights
Round
end
life
and said
of
to
his
blow-hole
and
of the
Gawain, one
who
Table,
became Saint Gawain,
thus at the
or Goven.
connected underground with the sea-caves,
is
at certain states of
wind and
the caves and imprisoning the
tide the sea, dashing into
air,
forces
it
up through the
narrow passage and out through the blow-hole with a
and
This
shrill
sound, like a prolonged scream or whistle, the
terrific
edges of the hole being polished like marble by the friction
of small stones
The mere
is
and earth, carried up by the rush
said to
'
play
'
when the sound
is
of wind.
heard, but this
happens now more seldom than formerly, though persons now
living
have heard
may have
'
frequently, possibly
some
fall of
rock
obstructed, or partially obstructed, the passage.
Camden,
though
it
in his
'
Britannia
'
(page 640), thus alludes to
it,
in rather a sceptical spirit
Near Stackpole Bosher, otherwise Bosherston, upon
the sea-side,
is
a pool or pit called Bosherston-Mear
;
the depth whereof several that have sounded have not yet
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
62
This pit bubbles and foams, and makes such
discovered.
a noise before stormy weather that
miles
off.
The banks
are of
heard above ten
it is
no great circumference
at the
but broader downwards, and from the bottom there
top,
a great breach towards the
But there
distant.
which
much more
is
is
about a furlong
talked of this place
trouble you with at present, because I take
than
I shall
some
relations of
known from
sea,
is
it
for fabulous
...
its
noise
is
distinctly
that of the sea, which also on these coasts
often roars very loud.'
The opening
of the blow-hole is round,
man
the size through which a
and about
of
could with difficulty squeeze
The author has never heard the mere actually
play,' but has stood by when it gave an occasional deep,
hoUow groan the uprush of wind through the hole was
tremendous, and one seemed to hear it coming from a long
himself.
'
;
way
all
it
actually rushed out, then for an interval
stiU,
then the groan again, and then the wind.
before
off
would be
MiLFORD Haven
This
Fiord
'
name is derived from the ancient Norse 'Mille
(the Haven of the Thousand Fiords), and it is
aptly so named, for the bays and creeks and indentations
and the main channel winds like
branching high up into two channels, where it
spread out on every
a river,
formerly bore the
the
Two Swords
a sword
;
the
:
side,
name
of
Aberdaugleddau, the Haven of
Gledheu being the old British word
little river
for
whose two branches feed the Haven
being called the Cleddau, from the same source.
George Owen, writing
in 1595, says in a
'
Pamphlett
conteininge the description of Mylford
three places chiefflie
(alsoe called
fit
Haven
to be fortified that
'
'
:
is
I
63
conceave
Ratt Hand
Thorne Hand) the Stack and Dale Poynt.'
The Nangle,' not Nangle. As
Hand/ he makes an error. Thorn Island, more
to the
commonly called Thorney (Ey, island), is distinct from
He
everywhere speaks of
'
'
Rat
Hand
rode of
a mere rock, nearer the Haven's
is
Of Thorney,
mouth.
said
which
Island,
calling it
Rat
Island, he says,
'
The
lyeth verie neere leveU but not fuUie of the faire
St.
Mary
well, soe that I crossinge
from the stack to the Nangle bay
I lost
over in a boate
the sight of Rat
came neere the land whereby
I guessed that if a forte were builded upon Rat Hand it
could not annoy ships riding in St. Mary Well roade, but
Hand
a good space before
I
to that the Maryners that carried us over being Nangle men,
and expert
in
the harborowe, answered that noe great
shyppinge could ryde soe neare the shore there by reasons
of the shallowes but that they
must ryde within viewe
of
Rat Hand.'
The Stack is a rock or rydge of Stone,
further up within the Haven and standeth between ladie
Chappell (St. Mary lodge) and Southhooke pointe, but
somewhat more West and lower downe than Southhooke
Further
'
:
poynte.'
Further
'
:
It is
thought that
St.
Mary WeU rode
is
within Culveringe Shotte of the Stacke.'
Further
'
:
Few
side of the Stacke
tell
us that they
sufficient
ships are scene to passe on the
.
.
may
.
North
but the Masters of the Harborowe
well passe
...
for there
is
water
and noe danger.'
Further
:
'
Shippe Hand
is
semperinsula, yt
is
an Hand
1595-
EUzabeth.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
64
at full sea but not at lowe water
the
mayne
there
.
.
.
between yt and
another peece of grounde and a greate
is
and the mayne land verie hard
to come to where there standeth the remnant of a towre
built upon the entrance thereof as it seemeth, serving for
ditch or trench betwixt yt
a forte or defence of the same, and from the same peece of
may
grounde you
goe into Shippe
Hand dry
foote at half
ebbe but not without a ladder for the hard ascending of
the same, but at every full sea the same is compassed about
by the
sea
;
the neighbours here reporte that the same was
a place of retrete for the Countrey people in olde time to
save them and their cattell from the
often assaulted them.
Shippe Hand
.
.
.
aloft
... On
North
overlookinge
all
commonly
the
that then
side
on the toppe of the
seated the Easter Blockhouse,
blockhouse,
the
Welshman
or
this
...
Cliffe
called
entrance
of
is
Nangle
havon's
Mouth, being a rounde turrett never yet finished made
in
K. Hen. ye 8th his tyme for to impeach the entrance into
that havon, but in most men's judgment to noe good
purpose for that
it
marke
Pille
West
stoode soe highe above the
sea
full
Roade is a little roade on the
west parte of Nangle towne and standeth neere Ratte Hand,
between yt and the South blockhouse, yt is a little Creeke
.
.
.
or Pille full of Rockes turnynge into the land, but neere the
same there
is
a place for Shippes to ride upon necessitie,
but few shyppinge useth to staye there, for that
it is
in the
Mary WeU roade is the
chiefest roade in Mylford and safest upon most Windes
large and good Ancker hould and about XVI. fathoms
water alwaies it recheth from Rat Hand to the entrance of
the Nangle Baye which is XII. furlonges and more.
havon's mouth in effecte ...
St.
.
.
.
65
The Stack standing neere against the middle thereof so yt
a forte upon the Stacke were able to comande that rode.
The Oyster Stones is a danger at the entrance of the Mowth
of Nangle Baye and it is three stones lyeing in the waye
somewhat nearer to the Nangle pointe than to the other
side, they first appeare at three quarters ebbe and are lockt
at a quarter flood, the maesters of that havon are driven
;
come
to
by
in
speciall
markes
for feare of this danger,
;
.
but
that there cometh noe great shippinge nor any
by reason
strangers to that Creeke, but onely smale boates of the
harborowe, there
.
.
of
.
is
no great accompt made
Popton pointe
is
called wester
of a little village neere the
Popton upon
or sconce
trench
of
Mowth
the Easter pointe of the
Nangle havon soe called
same
of this danger.
earth
.
.
this pointe there
.
The havon
is
an ould
Nangle
of
noe harborowe but a drye baye at every ebbe, soe that
there is not rode or riding for any ships but verie good
is
landing
all
along the Creeke from half flud to
before half find
towne, where
it is
is
all
full
sea but
owse and slime saving neere the
good landing at
tymes
all
of the
tyde
there are noe such smale Creekes to be seen within the
as Mr.
'
Saxon
in his
Crosward
havon, yt
is
shippinge.
.
is
Mappe hath noted downe.
to
.
.
.
.
a rode for smale barkes and not for greate
.
.
Martin's havon
Pennar Mowth
Pembrook towne,
in all Milford,
.
a pointe on the wester side of Martyn's
cometh up to Pwllcrochan Church,
place.
.
;
baye
it
is
is
a
it is
little
Creeke
that
but a smalle landing
the Creeke that cometh
this is the greatest
and
up
largest Creeke
passeth up into the land three myles and
more, at the upper end
it
compasseth the towne and
parteth into two branches and
castell of
Pembrook serving the
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
66
said towne for a
A
XL
barke of
mote
or strong ditch on every side thereof.
may
or L"' tunne
enter this Creeke at lowe
water and ryde at Ancker at Crowe poole, but noe further
without helpe of the tyde.
'
The Crowe
is
.
.
.
a hollowe or shelfe a pretty
Mowth
entrance of Pennar
.
.
and on the Crowe groweth one
and
.
is
within the
an oyster bed,
of the best oysters of all
and a sweet
Milford, being a bigg
it
way
oyster, the poore people
thereabouts are greatly relieved by the oysters there, for
upon lowe water the bed
oysters there without
The Carne
is
drye,
and the people gather the
any dredge or other helpe of boate.
.
.
.
Pembrook
side above Patrichurch a flight shoote in the ChanneU
within the full sea marke.
It is a danger, and the greatest
'
in Milford;
it
a rocke or ridge of stones on
is
locked at half flood, but
is
The Carne Pointe
entering eastward and
Goode landinge
Goode on the
open.
.
.
.
the pointe beneathe the ferry house, and
is
between yt and the ferry (Hobbs Point
'
ells
is
?)
there
is
a Creeke
lowe land and good landing there.
Slibberig ^ Cave.
east side of the bight beneth
Con Jooke.^
and west
Badd, South hooke pointe.
Hubberston
called
Indifferente the east
side of Gelly's weeke.
The Earle of Pembrook, when he was President of Wales,
sought to have this Harborough fortified, soe did Sir Jn.
Perrott
they had licence, and should have had meenes to
'
;
doe yt from Queen
and the downfall
'
'
Slibberig
'
=
'
of
:
but that the death
of the other did disappoint
Jooke' ='yoke,' both Flemish.
Cunjeck beach, now filled up.
slippery
hundred yards west
Eliz.
'
;
'
of the
one
it.'
The cave was two
Such
George
is
by the quaint old chronicler
Milford Haven as it was in his day, and
the account given
Owen
of
aU the centuries that have passed have changed
slightly
;
the names are
quaint spelling, and
the arrangement of
it
its
The confounding
is
how
curious
is
the
St.
Maryners
entirely his view of
defences was adopted in later times.
of the
of the
names
of
Nangle
'
Rat and Thorn Islands
throughout
it
misled
him on
Mary's Well and Chapel are close to the
present Chapel
of the
masonry
Bay Fort
the well
;
of the chapel,
a few years ago.
but very
it
the same, allowing for his
still
very curious, and he persists in
'
67
The new
now
still exists,
perhaps
;
this point.
of the
site
and traces
built upon, could be seen
fort of
East Blockhouse stands
immediately behind the old unfinished one of Henry VIII. 's
time,
whose walls
them
is
still
remain standing, the mortar
of extraordinary hardness.
approach to Sheep Island
and earthworks
of the
is
no longer any landing
actual high water.
whom
the
site of
'
is
as
it
'
ould trench or
was, save that
neere the towne
'
except at
In several other paragraphs besides
the one quoted he differs from
of
on the
'
ancient refuge can stiU be seen.
sconce of earth,' and Nangle bay
is
towre
in
gone, but rough stone walls
Popton Fort now occupies the
there
The
'
'
Mr. Saxon and his Mappe,'
he does not appear to hold a high opinion
!
The
Carne (or Carrs) Rocks have now been joined to the Dockyard by a jetty built out upon them, and are no longer a
danger to shipping. The old Chapel of St. Anne, on the
western point of the Haven's mouth (which
Owen
curiously
does not mention, nor does he allude to Dale), was demolished
in
Queen Anne's time
houses.
to
make room
These were rebuilt
for the first light-
in 1800.
F 2
'
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
68
In a letter dated August ii, 1485, from Richard HI.
Henry Vernon, a squire of his body, he says
Our
rebelles and traitoures departed out of the water of Sayn
(Seine) the first day of this present moneth making their
to
'
:
cours westwardes ben landed at Nangle besides Mylford
Haven on Soneday last passed as we be
credibly enfourmed.'
Following on these chronicles of the Haven in bygone
days,
it
may
not be amiss to give a short account of the
more recent history
town
of the
of Milford
Haven.
MiLFORD Haven (Town)
Sir
Duke
of the third
1758.
George
William Hamilton, Ambassador at Naples, grandson
II.
of Hamilton, married in 1758 Catherine,
daughter of John
Barlow
of
Slebech
(she
died
1782).
Through her he acquired property at Milford Haven, for
which his nephew, the Hon. Charles Greville, son of the
had
taken up a very lovely girl, Emma Hart, whom Sir WiUiam
much admired, calling her the fair tea-maker when
Earl of Warwick, acted as agent.
Charles Greville
'
they
met
at
Greville' s
'
house.
GreviUe
started
great
schemes at Milford, planned docks, and built a large pier;
he was soon overwhelmed with debt, and then made a
shameful bargain with Sir William, the result of which
Emma
was that
was enticed
to Naples, on the pretext of
masters for her beautiful voice, and there
WiUiam's hands.
i^gi.
Georgelii.
After
five
years
they
fell
into Sir
returned
England, and were there married on September
6,
to
1791.
Milford was transferred to Greville, with a settlement of
£800 per annum on the bride.
'
An
error
on Richard's part, the landing was at Dale.
69
1800 the Government rented the Milford Ship-
In
isoo-
Yard for fourteen years, and Greville, Sir WUham
and Lady Hamilton, and Lord Nelson all met at a banquet
given at the Lord Nelson Hotel at Milford by GreviUe;
apparently without any awkwardness being felt by any-
building
one
!
Charles Greville died in i8og, leaving the Milford
1809.
In 1814 the Government
1814.
property to his brother Robert.
lease ran out,
and was not renewed, the money demanded
being too extortionate.
From
Milford declined, and untold
sums were sunk and
the effort to revive them, both
son,
also
Robert.
his only son having
in
Hyde
Park.
The
that time the fortunes of
latter
by Robert
finally
The Government
pronounced Patter),
for its protection.
Lord Nelson
is
portrait of her
his
been thrown from his horse and killed
in
1814 began to buUd
known
as Pater-
by country people as Pater,
the Haven Forts were afterwards built
Emma Lady Hamilton's career with
spoken
(still
and
quitted the place,
the present dockyard on the site then
church
Greville
lost in
of
a matter of history
by Romney
;
there
is
at Stackpole Court.
a beautiful
CHAPTER
III
OF NAMES, CUSTOMS, AND PROVINCIALISMS
In a tract of country peopled by such a mixture of races as
is
South Pembrokeshire, the place-names cannot
of very great interest
than anything
else,
and as names
;
stick
fail
to be
more tenaciously
they often furnish very valuable aids
to history, in tracing the former dwelling-places of the
various families.
The
earliest
foreign settlers here
and they have
seem to have been
mark
in the
many
the Gaels
;
names we
find beginning with Kil, as Kilpaison, Kilgetty,
Kilwendeg, Kilrue.
left their
Kil signified a hermit's
afterwards
cell,
a church or burying-place, sometimes a retreat or hidden
Names beginning with
common of aU in Ireland.
spot.
Next came the
Kil
are
among
the most
Kelts, possessing the land to a
much
men grew more numerous
them we owe such names as
greater degree than the Gaels, as
and
civilisation
BuUiber,
Bentlass,
Lyserry,
Pentre,
drew on
Lydstep,
Portclew,
Treffgarn,
final
'
to
Crickmarren,
Lanion,
Trebowen.
ton
'
Penally,
Rhoscrowther,
name.
Pennar,
Sawdern,
Then came the Norse-
has prevailed so universally through-
out the length and breadth of England over
of
Crunwere,
Crickmail,
Lamphey,
Pwllcrochan,
Trefloyne,
men, whose
;
all
other forms
To them South Pembrokeshire owes very many.
:
such as Angle (Ongull, a
fiord),
71
Grassholm (Holm, a wood),
Hubberston (Hubba), Herbrandston, Harding's Hill (Hardingr), Jeffreston, Langum, Studdock (Studda), Thorney (Ey,
Pop ton (Pebba), Skomar, Skokholm, Williamston,
Cheveralton, Wogaston (Wogan), Orielton, Mellaston, Roch.
A good many Keltic names were altered by the Norse-
island).
men
to suit
themselves,
cutting
off
Treff (signifying place, or place of
;
the
this
is
Tre or
Keltic
very prevalent
where the Keltic race was strong) and substituting their own equivalent of ton.' Thus we have the
in Cornwall,
'
hybrid Keltic-Norse, such as
Trefmawr, now Moreston.
Tref-gors,
now
Corston.
Trefjestyn or Trejestyn, Jestynton.
Trefnewydd, now Newton.
The Danes seem
chiefly to
have harassed the
coast,
landing only for short periods, and penetrating but
little
Tenby (Dane-bi) was their chief settlement, or, as
the Welsh had it, Dynbich-y-Pysgod (the abode of Danish
fishers).
From them we also have Frains Lake (frayne,
glittering; laekr, a brook), and Skyrme (Skroemi, a giant),
a common family name about Pembroke still.
The Flemings left but httle trace in the way of names,
though Flimston was probably named from William
le Fleming, who held it under the Earls of Pembroke in
inland.
and we have
1246
;
race
is still
as those
also Flemington.
But the type
of their
strong in the land of their enforced adoption,
who took
testify, certain
part in the South African
War
types in South Pembrokeshire and
the Boers being identical.
can
among
!
.
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
72
Names which were once pure Welsh, and have now been
beyond
altered almost
Walwyn's
recognition, are
:
Castle, formerly Castell
Gualchmai.
—Castell Gwys (white).
Hean Castle — Hengastell, the old or
Amroth — Eare Were, or Earwear.
Llanmilo — Castell Llwyd, belonging to Milo de Cogan.
Wiston
earliest castle.
Of the families who have passed away from the places
once associated with their names are
:
Barlows of Slebech.
Adams
of Paterchurch.
Wyrriotts of Orielton.
Dawes
of
Whites
of Henllan.
Wogans
Cunys
Bangeston.
of Boulston.
Welston
of
(Walter,
also
Coyneys
of
Staffordshire)
Laugharnes of
St.
Bride's.
Malefants of Upton.
Even
as late as early in the nineteenth century oxen
were used for ploughing
in
Pembrokeshire
;
frequently in
conjunction with horses, two oxen abreast with two horses
The smuggling
abreast in front.
of the chief harvests of all classes
of
;
French brandy was one
every creek from Tenby
was a landing-place, Manorbier Castle a perfect nest
caches
and when a cargo was in, teams were requisi-
to Dale
of
'
'
;
tioned right and
even the Squire's horses might be found
weary and exhausted in their stalls in the morning
but if
a myst-erious keg stood in the hall, no questions were asked
left,
;
Among many
superstitions,
it
was
(and
still
is)
;
considered unlucky for the
New
hold on
first
visitor across the thres-
Year's morning to be a
also brings ill-luck to a fisherman
him
on
'
catch
his
way
to the boat
Wren-hunting on
!
St.
73
woman
met
if
'
;
a
woman
coming against
there will be but a poor
;
Day was an
Stephen's
old
custom shared by Pembrokeshire with Ireland, and thereprobably of Gaelic origin
fore
Isle of
Man, but
now
has
and
girls
;
South Pembrokeshire, at any
in
On New
entirely died out.
went round from house
Year's Water
all
who
rate, it
Year's morning boys
to house with the
and an evergreen
'
they sprinkled
prevailed also in the
it
sprinkler,
'
New
with which
received them, singing
:
Here we bring new water from the well so clear,
For to worship God with, this happy New Year
Sing levy dew,' sing levy dew, the water and the wine,
With seven bright gold wires and bugles that do shine
Sing reign of fair maid, with gold upon her toe.
Open you the west door, and turn the old year go.
Sing reign of fair maid, with gold upon her chin,
Open you the east door, and let the New Year in.
;
I
am
indebted to Mr. Edward Laws, in his most inter-
esting book,
for this
'
History of Little England beyond Wales,'
quaint and charming verse, for the custom of
sprinkling the
New Year's water has
fallen into disuse in the
country districts west of Pembroke, though children
round singing hymns and quaint
given by Mr. Laws,
I
New
Year
are very dirty,
shoes are very thin.
We wish you a Happy New Year,
And
'
'
Levy
please to turn us
dew,' said to be
'
Lief ar
go
one of which, also
myself heard on last
The roads
My
carols,
still
in.
Dduw,' a cry to God.
:
;
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
74
One
Flemish occupation
of the survivals of the
the
is
long-handled, heart-shaped shovel (found also in Belgium,
and
in Ireland),
done, and the
'
with which a great deal of farm work
is
Culm
is
culm
for the
'
ball
'
'
fires is
mixed.
a mixture of small coal and mud,i burnt in the cottages
it is
made up
built
it
into balls with the hands,
and the
;
fire carefully-
up night and morning, and never allowed
to go out
makes a red, glowing fire of good heat, but little flame.
The carrying of burdens on the head, a survival of
very old times,
ago, but
still is
manner, and
it
is
universal than
less
common
fairly
only
;
it
was ten years
women
carry in this
wonderful what a weight even slight
is
young girls can bear with ease, once it is placed on the
brimming pails of water or milk, or
head by a comrade
huge, ungainly bundles of drift wood. The custom gives
:
a splendid, upright carriage and even, swinging walk, and
it
is
a thousand pities that
it
should ever decline.
gathering of
laver from the rocks
industries
the Angle villagers,
of
is
one of
the
The
chief
and one meets very
picturesque groups returning from the shore, in patched and
tattered garments (sea water being ruinous), with great
bundles of drift
wood
poised on their heads.
They coUect
the laver from the rocks beyond Freshwater Bay, about
and have there
three miles from Angle,
little
number
of
huts of wreck-wood, thatched with sedge, in which
to store
is
built a
(which go by the
it
collected
weekly and sent
name of Little Angle) it
off by train to Swansea,
;
where the Rhondda Valley miners consider
delicacy,
something
eaten
like
as
a
what
is
'
In
vegetable.
Or
known
as
rather, sea-slime.
it
a great
appearance
it
is
Gold Beaters' Skin,
;
sticking flat
wet with
Camden,
and
close to the rocks
makes the
salt water,
in his
the picking of
;
it, all
fingers very sore at
Britannia,' thus describes
'
it
(p.
75
first.
641)
:
... A
sort of Food, made in several parts of this county of a seawhich by the description I hear of it, I take to be the oysterthey gather in the spring-time a sort of Alga
green or sea-Uverwort
or sea-weed, wherewith they make a sort of food called Llavan or Llawvan
Having gathered the weed, they wash it
in English, black butter.
then
clean from sand and shme, and sweat it between two tile-stones
shred it small, and knead it well, as they do dough for bread, and make
it up into great balls or rolls, which some eat raw, and others fryed with
plant,
.
.
.
;
oatmeal and butter.
An
old custom, universal a few years ago, but
gradually falling into disuse,
on the doorstep.
is
now
the chalking of patterns
This being nearly always of grey slate
or limestone, the chalk shows
round the edge
of the
up on
it
;
the patterns run
stone only, and are often quite
must
elaborate, the one thing necessary being that they
absolutely join, leaving no end or space, and also join the
doorposts on either side, otherwise
in
'
!
enter
'
The Devil
will creep
This belief in evil spirits waiting their chance to
and do mischief dates back
to Druidical days
;
and
the chalked doorsteps of Pembrokeshire are probably one
of its last survivals.
The language of South Pembrokeshire
words, and most terse and expressive
gathered from
all
the races
who have
is
;
fuU of quaint
terms are
its
settled there through
the centuries, but though certain words are traced to the
Welsh, there
absolutely no affinity between the
is
brokeshire dialect and the Welsh language
in
aU
else,
South Pembrokeshire
cally English
:
'
is
fiercely
Pem-
in that,
;
as
and emphati-
a lot of jabbering foreigners
'
they have
'
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
76
been known to describe the crew of a Welsh vessel in Angle
Bay
The expressions
!
here give are those only which
I
myself have heard used
and they ought
day, alas
have reduced even these
will
of the
and chronicled before that
when the march of progress
to be collected
not so far distant,
!
many, many more,
there are
;
quiet, out-of-the-way corners
world to one dead level of uniformity and
tempted to add)
dullness.
unfortunately impossible
It is
quaint forms of speech
these
am
(I
and intonation which give so much
to reproduce the voice
character to
I
the voice
;
usually rises at the end of the sentence in a half-querulous,
questioning cadence
emphasised, as
apparently, there
or rather
she,
nounced
like
ah
'
Aal,
all.
Aal
to fly,
To
go abroad, to
'
word
the meaning.
is
generally
For them,
to,
'
is
he or
pro-
sexes,
In the same
said very shortly.
way
:
to pieces.'
all
to pieces.
fall
two
which applies to both
aa,'
'
or
no neuter gender, everything
is
with stress on
Ei must take
last
home
to drive
if
'
and the
;
'
The baking-tub has gone abroad.'
abroad to find what's wrong.'
it all
Anny-guU, the kittywake.
Axed, asked.
Bean-cracker, a landraU.
Bittie,
a small child.
She's got three
'
little bitties.'
Bush, to thrust with horns, as a cow.
Caffle, tangle.
'Tis aal caffled up.'
'
Cannt, can't.
Capers, angry remonstrance.
was capers
Carr, to carry
;
'
Ei towld en what
done, and there
ei
'
!
the final
'
y
'
is
invariably
lost.
Often also used instead of take or bring,
'
'
Ei shannt carr yer parcel
I
carr'd her a
cup
!
of tea.'
Chappall, Chapel.
Clift, cliff.
clift
'
'
!
John
The word
Sir
Ages, clift for me.'
Sir
!
'
John
cleft
'
is
!
Not take beef
also
Old buU
!
pronounced
'
clift.'
'
fall
over
Rock
of
'
)
'
Coming
coming towards.
against,
(pronounced Coaming
to rain,
mit 'en
ei
This does not imply contact.
comin' against me.'
Coming
when
Ei was half ways
'
^^
to
nne) going to rain.
Cornel, comer.
Cot, a pen, the duck's cot, the pig's cot.
Couple, several
not necessarily two, generally more.
;
Cowl, a basket.
Cowld, cold.
Culm, the
fuel used in the cottages, a mixture of small coal
Cursed, cross, wicked, spiteful.
Dab, to smear.
Done, did.
'
Aa dabbed
'
Ei done
it
Aa's reel cursdd, aa
'
aasilf
proper.'
(I
and mud, or slime.
is.'
with the paint.'
did
it
well.)
Dotty, foolish, imbecile.
Dull, stupid (Welsh Dul).
(German
Dysel, thistle
Distel).
E, in the latter half of a word
generally
is
probably Gaelic.
Elligug, guillemot; pronounced
as
I,
masilf,'
'
aasilf
this is
'
Elligook.'
Evil, a three-pronged garden fork.
Failed, exhausted, done; pronounced
'filed.'
'
Aa's most
Also expresses non-success.
nearly exhausted.)
'
Ei
'
From there, away, with stress on from.' Come you from there
away
We lit a fire, so aa had to come from there
'
'
(He
filed.'
is
filed to find 'en.'
(Come
'
!
'
'
!)
!
Gain, to improve
;
pronounced
'
gine.'
'
(He
Aa's ginin' stoutly.'
is
getting better.)
Gone, become.
'
'Tis
gone very shabby.'
'
Aa's gone aal
to fly.'
'
Aa's
gone that weak, aa can scarcely stand.'
Grip, a ditch.
Gwain, going; pronounced 'gwine.'
Haggard, a rickyard (hay-guard).
Heck, to hop.
Heft, to
lift.
'
Ei can heck about a
Too wighty
'
Highly, cheerful, pleasant.
Hinderable,
'
bit to-day.'
(weighty),
'
'Tis a
we cannt
Very hinderable weather on the hay (pronounced high ').
Come, Honey, come, 'tis you 'tis
(You are
'
Honey, an endearment.
the chosen one
'
!)
!
'
'
Howd,
also
Also
'
!
'
Catch a howlt there
How, used as why.
How you come to do
way you come to do it ?
Hoult, hold.
heft en.'
highty place.'
hold, or stop.
when someone
is
'
Howd
djang.
'
on
!
it ?
'
Sometimes,
Howd on
Aa cannt howd
'
!
it
(Stop
long.'
'
!
Which
stop
!
;
SOUTH PEMBROKESHIRE
78
I,
pronounced
Ei
'
or
'
Eh.'
'
Jolly, stout.
Keeped, kept.
Aa
'
me about
keeped on at
Key, to lock ; pronounced ky.'
'
aa's only locked
(locked
'
it.'
Ky the dure (door
'
is
latched)
'
.
pronounced as poor ')
Aa was
'
only locked
in,
not
kyed.'
Lake, a brook or stream.
Lapster, lobster.
Lear, thin, starved, empty.
Leave,
let.
an
Leet,
'
'
Leave en goo
artificial
!
watercourse.
Lock, to latch.
Lonker, a fetter to hobble animals.
Danish laenke.
Maid, pronounced mide
a girl is always so addressed, and a man or
boy as man or mun.
Gor, mide, how not you come sooner
Run,
mun, run shut the gyte
(gate).
Main, very.
Aa's main sorry.' (He is very iU.)
Meet with, to find.
Ei cannt meet with en.' (I have lost it.)
Milky, to go milky is to milk.
Miskin, manure heap. Norse myki.
Moil, a pig's grubbing.
Go you call the sow, she 's moilin' in the field.'
Molly, lamb, a lamb brought up by hand.
My, pronounced mei or may.'
Go you from there You 're filUn' all
mei eyes.'
'
'
;
'
!
'
;
!
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
Nesh, deUcate.
No
A
bit
shape (stress on
Not you, do
from.
Off,
On
'
to,
no
'
(spoilt, soft.)
useless, unpractical.
'),
'
That's no shape
'
!
Not you touch en
off yoong Johnny.'
'
not.
'
'
nesh
!
'
!
Ei had en
expresses urging, angry insistence.
'
Aa was on
to
me aU
the time
about it.'
Onlocky, unlucky } also oneasy, onhandy.
Orra one, or norra one, not one.
Aa piled at me.'
Pile, to throw stones.
'
Pill, a creek.
Welsh
pwll.
Please you, for please.
Plim, to swell, as
Please you
'
rice.
'
sit
down.'
Aa phmmed up
grand.'
Popples, round stones.
Proper, well, rightly.
'
Ei done
Quat, squat, or squatted.
'
it
proper.'
Aa was quat
in a bush.'
'
When
aa saw
me
aa quat down.'
Rash, impetuous.
Real,
pronounced
'
'
The young horse
is
a bit rash.'
reel.'
/
'
:
Rightly, exactly.
pronounced
Rule,
'
Ei cannt say
'
ree-ule.'
rightly.'
(I
do not know.)
Gor, mun, not you be sa scrimpy with
Scrimpy, niggardly, stingy.
Send, to accompany part way.
Take care, not you shed en
Shed, to spill, from bucket or basket.
'
it
'
'
Skirp, a small shower.
Skit, to splash.
a young
Slip,
Slop, a
gap
'
Not big
'
Ei was skitted
rain,
79
!
'
I
only skirps, just skirping a
bit.'
all over.'
girl.
bank.
in a
Soggy, stupefied, inert.
Somethin' shockin', very bad.
Sorry, sick, weak.
'
'
Aa was
'
coughin' somethin' shockin'.'
'How's your mother?'
a sorry httle thing.'
'Tis
She's very sorry.'
Steer, steep.
Stum, to
stifle
used also to express covering the
•
with fresh
fire
fuel.
Tacky, sticky.
That, used for so
Think upon,
'
;
Aa 's gone
for think of.
that weak, aa can scarcely stand.'
When
'
ei
come
upon
to think
it,
ei
was
fnghtened.'
Tide, the sea.
To me,
'
my.
for
Aa put
'
en in the
tide.'
(He threw
it
into the sea.)
Aa's cousin to me.'
Towld, told.
Toy, indicating small
size.
'
A
toy of a thing
1
Trash, hedge-trimmings.
Tripples, the frame placed
Tump, a haycock.
Turn it go, to let out,
us in
on a cart
to loose.
'
for loading hay.
Ei tumt en goo
'
j
also
'
Please you turn
(invite us in).
'
Vear, a weasel.
Weighty, heavy
pronounced wighty.'
Wox, wax.
In the psalmSj 'My heart ... is even like melting wox.'
Yoong, young
always accompanies boy or girl.
What yoong by was
'
;
'
;
that
You
is
?
'
'
'Twas John Rees's yoong mide.'
generally added after
here,'
'
Please you take
any command
:
'
Go you
back,'
'
Come you
it.'
In Angle village, whose one street runs nearly due east
and west, that form of direction is invariably used
'Where's John?' 'Aa's gone East.'
'Tell en to caU
in when aa cooms West.'
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South Pembrokeshire

Transcription

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