designing a library portal for all nations university college

DESIGNING A LIBRARY PORTAL FOR
ALL NATIONS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE KOFORIDUA,
REPUBLIC OF GHANA -A CASE STUDY
A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
MASTER DEGREE IN
LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
By
OWARE HENRIETTA
Reg. No: (10MLS15)
Supervisor
Dr. S. SRINIVASA RAGAVAN
DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE
BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY
TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 620 024 INDIA
APRIL 2012
[2]
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project entitled DESIGNING OF LIBRARY
PORTAL FOR ALL NATIONS UNIVERSITY KOFORIDUA, REPUBLIC
OF GHANA - A CASE STUDY
submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the Master degree in Library and Information
Science, Bharathidasan University, is a record of bonafide research work carried
out by OWARE HENRIETTA under my supervision and guidance and that no
part of this work has been submitted for the award of any other degree, diploma,
fellowship or similar titles or prizes and that the work has not been published in
part or full in any scientific or Popular journal or magazine.
Dr. S. SRINIVASA RAGAVAN
Supervisor & Guide
Librarian & Head, DLIS
Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli – 620 024
Tamilnadu, India
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project, DESIGNING OF LIBRARY PORTAL
FOR ALL NATIONS UNIVERSITY KOFORIDUA, REPUBLIC OF
GHANA - A CASE STUDY which is being submitted in partial fulfillment of
the course requirements leading to the award of Master of Library and
Information Science, is the result of the work carried out by me under the
guidance and supervision of Dr. S. Srinivasa Ragavan, Librarian & Head Dept.
of Library and Information Science, Bharathidasan University.
I further declare that this project has not been previously prepared and
submitted to any other institution/university for any degree/diploma by me or any
other person.
Place: Trichy
Date :
(OWARE HENRIETTA)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am
very
glad
to
express
my
sincere
gratitude
to
Dr S. Srinivasaragavan, Librarian & Head, Department of Library &
Information Science, Bharathidasan University Library, for his guidance and
encouragement throughout my project.
I
am
very
much
thankful
to
Assistant
Librarians,
Dr. R. Balasubramani, B. Jeyaprakash, Dr. Amsaveni, Mr. C. Ranganathan,
Mr.M. Sururlinathi, and Library Assistants B. Neelakandan, A. Rajendran,
C. Kokila, P. Jayanthi and other Library staff and our Ph.D. and M.Phil
scholars for helping me as resource persons, and providing me their valuable
suggestions.
Finally, I thank my uncle Rev. Dr. Samuel Donkor, for his great support
to complete the project successfully.
Place: Trichy
Date :
(OWARE HENRIETTA)
CONTENTS
Ch.
No.
DESCRIPTION
Page
No.
I.
INTRODUCTION
1
II.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
27
III.
PROFILE OF ALL NATIONS UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE KOFORIDUA, REPUBLIC OF GHANA
44
IV.
RESEARCH DESIGN
56
V.
DESIGNING A LIBRARY PORTAL FOR ANUC
69
VI.
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS, AND CONCLUSION
80
BIBLIOGRAPHY
84
______
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
.
.
1
Introduction
Providing the right information to the right user at the right time is a major
challenge for libraries. In recent years, digital resources are growing and
developing very fast creating challenges in information searching, service
provision and resource discovery. Today’s user cannot efficiently find
information they need from resources on various platforms and from different
vendors. They do not know how to access full-text articles from various online
databases. Universities and other research organizations are providing significant
financial support to libraries. A large proportion of this is going into the
subscription of thousands of online resources each year, such as online databases,
e-journals and e-books
All these resources need to be utilized at optimum level, which warrants
year detailed programme both online and outline to the user community to
retrieve the relevant resource and to make use them at right time. In addition to
subscribe resources such as E-books, E-journals, Scholarly databases, thesis and
dissertations, subject guides, bibliographic databases, reports literature and so on,
the same among of scholarly resources that can be accessed to openly through the
internet from range of websites and web portal also need to be managed
[1]
and make aware among the user community to enable them to access these
resource too.
In this context, it is very much relevant and immense need for the libraries
associated to higher academic and research institutions have to design a web
portal or internet based information system that give single point access to all the
knowledge resources pertaining to the curricula, programmes offered and as to
the customized the information requirements of the stakeholders. So the present
study is make on attempt to design a prototype model for All Nations University
College Library users and the staff.
1.1 Evolution of Portal Technology
In the early years, what we now call portals were called as “search
engines.” These search engines were based on boolean technology applied to
HTML documents. The value behind this search engine technology was to help
people find things in the vastness of the Web. The driving force behind all of this
change was the idea that users should have a single point of access from which
they could make connections for all of their Web information needs.
1.2 Portal
The word portal means a gateway that is a major starting point for users
when they get connected to the World Wide Web or the one that users have a
tendency to visit as an “anchor site” that hosts content from multiple web sites. In
other words, a portal is a framework for a web site that brings together
information from a variety of sources. It provides access to an information
network and a set of services through the web. A web portal can be defined as a
[2]
web site that aggregates an array of content and provides a variety of services
including search engines, directories, news, e-mail and chat rooms. Portals have
evolved to provide a customised gateway to web information. A high level of
personalisation and customisation is possible (Melzer, 1999; Boye, 1999).
1.3 How does Portal differ from Web site, and Search Engine
 Internet Portals originated as the librarian of the Web. The world “portal,”
meaning “door,” has been used to characterize Web sites commonly known
for offering search and navigation tools. (Circa 1996), a portal was used to
catalog the available content from the Internet, acting as a “hub” from which
users could locate and link to desired content.
 Whereas a Web site is a related collection of World Wide Web (WWW) files
that includes a beginning file called a homepage. A company or an individual
tells how to get to their Web site by giving the address of their home page.
From the home page, one can get to all the other pages on their site.
 Search engine is a specialized program that facilitates information retrieval
from segment of the internet. Search engines attempt to help a user to locate
desired information or resources by seeking matches to user-specified key
worlds. The usual method for finding and isolating this information is to
compile and maintain an index of Web resources that can be queried for the
key words of concepts enter by the user. The indices are usually compiled
during times of minimum network traffic. Different engines are appropriate
for different kinds of searches, and most can be optimized for specific
results.
[3]
1.4 COMPONENTS OF LIBRARY PORTALS
 A library‘s Web presence. A library website can be made up of three types of
content: Information about the library - staff directories, departmental
descriptions, maps of the building, hours, etc.
 Electronic versions of traditional library services - online tutorials, book
renewals, interlibrary loan requests and status reports, requests for purchase,
online chat/reference, virtual tours of the building(s), etc.
 Access to library content - catalogs, indexes, full-text magazines and
journals, digitized special collections, free and commercial eBooks,
government documents, freely accessible Internet resources, electronic
encyclopedias and dictionaries, licensed content from vendors, etc.
 User authentication: Also known as patron authentication, determines
whether clients are eligible for service by checking the clients against a
library database. This authentication is usually done with a proxy server to
limit access to resources the patron is authorized to use.
 .Resource linking: linking allows a library to seamlessly access tie electronic
resources together. For example, an index or abstract can be linked to a fulltext database, or a local bibliographic record can be linked to a review or to
an e-book. Most portal products require a library to create the links to
electronic sources of information.
[4]
1.5
CLASSIFICATION OF PORTALS
Portals can be classified as:
1.5.1 Public portals
Example: Yahoo. Offer wide range of network services such as email, chat
rooms and channels of common interest like the weather or stock market. Users
can tailor their homepage by selecting from a set of preset channels and they can
add their own links or change the appearance of the portal.
1.5.2 Vertical portals
They focus on a specific industry, and the channels offered are industry
specific. For example, an education portal will have channels that provide
educational information and services from many resources.
1.5.3 Enterprise portals
They provide channels for a single organization, such as a University, and
the channels offered are perceived to be of value to that organization’s
customers. The channels offered link to information or services that are mainly
hosted at the organization. As each organization has both internal and external
constituents they will feature - like with static webs - Intra- and Extra-net portals.
1.6
PORTAL FEATURES
 User authentication (log in and password).
[5]
 Personalised content views (portlets); where the user can modify the content
displayed on the portal homepage to match specific interests.
 Personalised navigation, e.g. ‘quick links’ to frequently accessed information
pages.
 Community-building tools like chatrooms, bulletin boards, emailing lists, etc.
 Consistent, easy-to-use interface - Portals typically have a consistent
interface which flows from the home page down through every area of the
portal.
 The interface is typically designed specifically to make using the portal very
easy. This may include bread crumbing to link to higher levels in the
hierarchy; and hovering menus, which allow for an expanded list of links.
 Minimal client deployment - Portals typically do not require that the users
install new software. This generally means that portals are Web-based.
 Discussions - Some portals provide discussion forums where users can
interact with one another and with the portal host. These forums are designed
to strengthen the relationship between users and the host organization.
 Aggregation - Pulling links and content together into a single place helps
users know where to go if they are looking for information. Aggregation
allows a user to interact with several systems from one single user interface.
 Alerts - Users can sign up for e-mail notification when the information that
they are interested in changes. This can include both key performance
indicator changes and changes in information within documents. Alerts shift
[6]
the model of user interaction from a pull model, where users must go check
the portal, to a push model, where they will be informed when something of
interest on the portal changes.
 Metasearch - The key feature of a library portal is to allow searching cross
multiple databases without having to repeat a search. This feature is
generally referred to as metasearch, parallel search, broadcast search or
federated search.
1.7
FUNCTIONS OF A PORTAL
1.7.1 Ease of use
The foremost feature to be considered is the ease-of-use, which can be
determined by the effectively organized home page. The ease with which the
users find information depends upon the multiple paths provided to find
information, at the same time, keeping the number of clicks to a minimum in
finding pertinent information. The user should perceive ease-of-use with the
accessibility and usability of library portal, so as to interact with the system quite
often. Text should be kept terse and lucid, so that user can scan and locate the
needed information quickly and sometimes, obscured information they seek.
1.7.2 Search and navigation
This functionality forms the basis for most of the successful public web
portals meaning that a successful portal should support its users in an efficient
search for contents.
1.7.3 Information integration
[7]
A portal should warrant the integration of information from disparate
sources. Moreover, the user should also be able to optimally use this information.
There are several mechanisms for doing this. One such promising technique of
innovative interfaces is the Unified Content API (Application Programming
Interface) which speeds up the development of portal applications. The Unified
Content API supports all current tools for developing web environments, such as
JAVA, C++, ActiveX, Visual- and Non-Visual-Java Beans.
1.7.4 Personalization
Personalization is vital to the delivery of appropriate information to portal
users: each user gets only the information which is specifically tailored to his/her
needs. Personalization should be based on user roles, as well as user preferences.
1.7.5 Notification
Notification (push technology) is referred to as a system in which a user
receives information automatically from a network server. Push technologies are
designed to send information and software directly to a user’s desktop without
the user actively requesting it. Thus, the user has the opportunity to subscribe to
active information sources (such as newsfeeds and periodically updated reports)
and ask to be alerted when documents are updated.
1.7.6 Task management and workflow
Portals providing task management services can help users take part in
and/or manage formally defined business processes. The workflow functionality
allows the automation of business processes. Thus, as part of a workflow-
[8]
automated business process, a portal should be able to prompt its users when they
have tasks to perform.
1.7.7 Collaboration and groupware
Knowledge management and groupware ensure that the required
information is stored in the right place and in the right mode. By this means the
right persons are brought together with the right information. Groupware
software assists in less formal collaboration than workflow tools. As with
workflow automation, groupware increases the value delivered by many types of
specialized portals; for example, it:
•
Increases the attractiveness of business-to-consumer e-commerce portals
•
Enables informal communication between suppliers and customers in
business-to-business e-commerce portals.
•
Supply chain portals are also dependent on collaboration support in order to
help suppliers and their customers manage their relationships. Moreover,
collaboration support is a key requirement for knowledge portals.
1.7.8 Integration of applications/busines intelligence
In addition to the already mentioned functionalities, a portal can integrate
and support a specific application type, for example:
•
an application service provider (ASP) application
•
business intelligence (BI) functionality
•
support for e-commerce
1.7.9 Infrastructure functionality
[9]
The infrastructure functionality constitutes the fundament for the work
environment - the other seven functionalities mentioned above build up on this
one. The runtime infrastructure associated with the portal will have a primary
effect on manageability, scalability, security and availability.
1.8
SIGNIFICANCE OF LIBRARY PORTAL
Librarians have become increasingly aware that the multiplication of
electronic resources is a problem for end-users. Users find it difficult to locate the
most appropriate database or resource to search for information relevant to their
need. Even if they locate the right resources, since each service tends to have its
own unique interface, they may struggle to search it effectively. If information is
difficult to find using library tools and services, users are looking for alternative
sources. This new reality translates into the need for making library web
environments effective and useful.
This trend is especially challenging for librarians, who were and continue
to see themselves as the traditional keepers of knowledge, which until very
recently was housed in many millions of books and journals that are rapidly
becoming digitized.
Portals are transformational environments that address the problem of
information glut by customizing information content to meet specific end-user
needs. Library portal is growing in its importance as the preferred way of
organizing and using information. Web portals are seen as positive potential
frameworks for achieving order out of chaos.
[10]
As portals become a primary means for transacting information and
commerce, libraries of all types are becoming involved in thinking, planning and
building various frameworks and services and the Library portal reduce the
barrier of users having to remember multiple log-on.
1.8.1 Users/Clients and Portal
The basic idea behind the creation of portal is to simplify the access of
resources with minimum help of others. Library portal should be simple to
understand and use. Users/Clients need automatic access of resources of their
library from one and only one place that is referred to portal.
1.8.2 Library (Library Staff) and Portal
•
Library staff are becoming computer savvy due to portal environment
•
Current updates on portals keep the library staff well aware
•
Keen to adapt to even faster changing technological environments
•
Maintain the desire to work independently and co-operate constructively
•
Develop and maintain good relations with faculty as well as students (entire
users group)
•
Develop and maintain user focus
•
Maintain a high degree of curiosity
•
Maintain healthy skepticism of technology
•
Develop new skills, transit to a lifelong learning framework
1.9
THE
ROLE
OF
THE
LIBRARIAN
AS SELECTOR AND
ORGANIZER OF INFORMATION ON THE WEB
[11]
As educators who organize and evaluate information resources, academic
librarians bring unique perspectives and skills to the development of portals in
their colleges and universities to campus portal planning and implementation,
they bring their expertise with content, their knowledge of copyright, their
commitment to customer service, and their experience in creating customized
web-based information delivery systems.
Academic librarians provide credible content that has been selected for a
specific learning community.
1.9.1 Content
Academic librarians provide credible content that has been selected for a
specific learning community. Their library’s homepages and collections have
what every web site wants: brand and content. Libraries have the brand name of
the academic institution they serve and content that has been customized to meet
the needs of their users. To students who may have difficulty determining what is
valuable and what is useless on the web, the library offers a safe harbor in a flood
of information.
1.9.2 Copyright
Librarian’s knowledge of current copyright policy is being called upon
now more than ever in setting up electronic reserves and online information for
learning portals created using blackboard and other web-based course
management systems. Faculty and students may assume that if educational
material is on the web, no copyright restrictions apply. However, this is true only
if the copyright for the work has expired, its author has allowed the work to go
[12]
into the public domain, or the work was authored by the federal government.
Librarians provide guidance in determining which web-based materials are under
copyright and seek permission for use of these works with the Copyright
Clearance Center and other agencies.
1.9.3 Customer service
As libraries make more digital resources available on the Web, research is
increasingly conducted outside of the physical library. However, remote users
want interactive assistance from a qualified human being and not just a help
button to click on. Librarians have developed a number of ways to extend personto-person reference service in a digital environment that are applicable in
supporting portal use on campus. Digital Reference Services (DRS) offer quality
service at any time to users outside the library. DRS refer to all internet-based,
human-mediated information services, including those based in library settings
and other types of organizations.
1.9.4 Portal educators
Here, the librarians as Information Architects teach the clients how to
navigate the library portal and make use of the various features offered by such
portals.
1.10 CHALLENGES
Before visiting the library portal, most clients perceive a whole lot of
issues which they might need to be solved and attended to. A standard library
portal should be able to provide clients with all they need even when they do not
[13]
visit the physical library. A student on holiday should be able to locate materials
in the library while online. These and more are services the librarians are meant
to offer to their clients. Despite all efforts which these librarians may put to
satisfy their clients, there still exist some critical issues which stand as an enigma
to librarians. These pose challenges to librarians as Information Architects such
as the under mentioned:
1.10.1 Lack of training in it-related matters
Librarians, especially in developing countries have little or no knowledge
of usage of computers to carry out their routine jobs let alone using them for
portal designs. This poses a threat to the duty of librarians as information
architects.
1.10.2 Classification troubles
Before a librarian can become a metadata creator, there is need for such
librarian to master the rudiments of cataloging and classification. This would
make it easier for application in portal platform where there is need for metadata
creation.
1.10.3 Lack of interest
Some librarians may not have the interest of becoming Information
Architects, thereby selling the job out to business tycoons who claim to know
everything about library portal even when they do not know the rudiments of
librarianship.
[14]
1.11 PROLIFERATION OF DUTIES BY LIBRARIANS
In a situation where there exist few librarians in an organization, the
existing ones have myriads of duties to perform. In such a case, librarians would
be faced with core traditional library services like traditional cataloguing,
reference services, teaching of courses, circulation duties, and others.
1.11.1 Solutions preferred
Following the challenges raised, the following are the solutions proffered
by the authors in a bid to promote Information Architecture Services in libraries:
1.11.2 IT-related Training of library personnel:
Librarians should be trained on Information and Technology issues; new
trends in library services. This will offer them opportunities to compete with their
colleagues who are into utilization of IT in reaching their clients. It should be
made a matter of necessity for improved library services.
1.
Training of Librarians as metadata creators:
This will widen the horizon of cataloger librarians
2. Teaching of Information Architecture
In Library Schools: Information Architecture should be an added course in
Library and Information Science Curriculum whereby students are taught
the rudiments of Information Architecture and Library Portal Designs. If
Library and Information Science Students are taught this as a course, it will
inculcate in them the responsibility of becoming their own library portal
[15]
designers and therefore, leverage the burden on libraries that could employ
them in future, of paying contractors heavily for the same job.
3. Employment opportunities for Librarian Information Architects:
Information architecture, they will be in a proper position to handle such
responsibilities.
1.12 THE MAJOR PORTAL CONTENDERS
After all this more or less theoretical part of trying to find typologies and
distinctions, one should not forget to inquire the portal landscape and to take a
look at real portals. Below are some links to exemplary real portals, so that one
can know about who offers the most extensive, sophisticated, and user-friendly
functionalities. All of these sites offer core portal features: web searching, news,
reference tools, communication capabilities, and personalization techniques.
Though their specifics might differ, the portals look and feel quite similar. They
are as follow:
 AltaVista
 Excite
 Infoseek
 Iview
 Lycos
 Microsoft’s internet Start
 Netscape’s Netcenter
[16]
 Oracle portal Studio
 Plumtree
 Yahoo
1.13 MAJOR LIBRARY PORTALS: AN OVERVIEW
1.13.1 OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc (OCLC)
OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. (OCLC) is "a nonprofit,
membership, computer library service and research organization dedicated to the
public purposes of furthering access to the world’s information and reducing
information costs.
http://www.oclc.org/middleeast/en/global/default.htm
[17]
1.13.2 AMERICAN LIBRARY PORTAL (Chennai)
The American Library Chennai was established to promote understanding
between the people of South India and the United States. In addition to its
excellent collections in the social sciences, business, management, and American
Literature, the Library provides information on the United States, its democratic
institutions, history, and politics. The American Library serves the general
public, including students, teachers, researchers, government officials, media
representatives, entrepreneurs and scholars. General access to the Library is free
[18]
and intended as a service to the people South India from the people of the United
States.
http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/resources.html
1.13.3 WORLD BANK PORTAL
The World Bank is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to
developing countries around the world. It is made up of two unique development
institutions owned by 184 member countries—the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development
Association (IDA). Each institution plays a different but supportive role in the
mission of global poverty reduction and the improvement of living standards.
[19]
The IBRD focuses on middle income and creditworthy poor countries, while
IDA focuses on the poorest countries in the world.
http://lakechad.iwlearn.org/about/partners/partnerprofile.2006-10-25.4225717405
1.13.4 THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE (NLM) PORTAL
The National Library of Medicine (NLM), on the campus of the National
Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, has been a center of information
innovation since its founding in 1836. The world’s largest biomedical library,
NLM maintains and makes available a vast print collection, and produces
electronic information resources on a wide range of topics that are searched
billions of times each year by millions of people around the globe. It also
[20]
supports and conducts research, development, and training biomedical
informatics and health information technology.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/
1.13.5 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS PORTAL
The Library of Congress is the research library of the United States
Congress, de facto national library of the United States of America, and the
oldest federal cultural institution in the United States. Located in four buildings
in Washington, D.C., as well as the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia, it is
the largest library in the world by shelf space and number of books.
[21]
http://www.loc.gov/index.html
1.13.6 INFLIBNET PORTAL
Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre
is an
Autonomous Inter-University Centre (IUC) of University Grants Commission
(UGC) involved in creating infrastructure for sharing of library and information
resources and services among Academic and Research Institutions. INFLIBNET
works collaboratively with Indian university libraries to shape the future of the
academic libraries in the evolving information environment.
[22]
http://www.inflibnet.ac.in/
1.13.7 KNUST Library (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and
Technology) KOFORIDUA, REPUBLIC OF GHANA
The KNUST library in the Republic of Ghana is open to both students and
the general public.There is online access to various academic and non-academic
repository and online journals. All other libraries in KNUST are coordinated to
make studies easier and effective. The large collection of internal and presubscribed books, articles, journals and other published materials means
everyone can get access to any information needed.
[23]
http://www.knust.edu.gh/pages/sections.php?siteid=knust&mid=15&sid=86
1.13.8 BRITISH LIBRARY PORTAL
The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom, and is
the world's largest library in terms of total number of items. The library is a
major research library, holding over 150 million items from many countries, in
many languages and in many formats, both print and digital: books, manuscripts,
journals, newspapers, magazines, sound and music recordings, videos, playscripts, patents, databases, maps, stamps, prints, drawings etc.
[24]
http://www.bl.uk/
1.13.9 UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS PORTAL
University of Madras is situated in Taramani, in the vicinity of many
Information hubs of our capital city of Chennai; this Library of the Madras
University’s Information System has a calm and serine atmosphere for peaceful
study and research. The primary mission of this library is to support the
educational and research programs of the University by providing physical and
intellectual access to information, consistent to the present and anticipated
educational and research functions of the University
[25]
http://www.unom.ac.in/unomdynam_old/uploads/library/
tcl-opac/about%20librarian%20new.html
REFERENCES
1. Gupta, Vivek,. Ed. “Portals”. Hyderabad: The Institute of Chartered
Financial Analysis of India, 2001
2. Jackson , Mary E., Preece , Barbara G. “Consortia and the portal challenge”
The Journal of Academic Librarianship Vol. 28, No. 03, Page 160-162,
May 2002.
3. Strauss, Howard “Library portals: a minority report” Library Journal, Vol.
127, No. 17, Fall 2002 http://search.epnet.com
[26]
4. http://irjlis.com/pdf_v1n2_dec2011/2_IR029.pdf
5. http://www.infomotions.com/musings/portals/
______
[27]
Chapter-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
.
.
Some of the existing studies on designing a Library Portal are reviewed
and appended below:
Tillett, Barbara B (2011) has explained Cataloging is not just building a
catalog, but about providing users with timely access to information relevant to
their needs. The task of identifying resources collected by libraries, archives and
museums results in rich metadata that can be reused for many purposes. It
involves describing resources and showing their relationships to persons,
families, corporate bodies and other resources, thereby enabling users to navigate
through surrogates to more quickly get information they need. The metadata
constructed throughout the life cycle of a resource is especially valuable to many
types of users, from creators of resources to publishers, subscription agents, book
vendors, resource aggregators, system vendors, libraries and other cultural
institutions, and end users. The new international cataloging code, RDA
(resource description and access), is designed to meet fundamental user tasks in a
way that produces well-formed, interconnected metadata for the digital
environment.
Squicciarini, Anna C. (2011) has explained Online Social Networks
(OSNs) facilitate the creation and maintenance of interpersonal online
[28]
relationships. Unfortunately, the availability of personal data on social networks
may unwittingly expose users to numerous privacy risks. As a result, establishing
effective methods to control personal data and maintain privacy within these
OSNs have become increasingly important. This research extends the current
access control mechanisms employed by OSNs to protect private information
shared among users of OSNs. The proposed approach presents a system of
collaborative content management that relies on an extended notion of a 'content
stakeholder.' A tool, Collaborative Privacy Management ( CoPE), is implemented
as an application within a popular social-networking site, , to ensure the
protection of shared images generated by users.
Guan, Weihe Wendy, Burns, Bonnie, Finkelstein, Julia L ., Blossom,
Jeffrey C. (2011) have explained the Harvard Map Collection (HMC) is the
oldest map collection in America, holding 400,000 maps, more than 6,000
atlases, and thousands of reference books. HMC has a strong commitment to
digital resources, and it manages the Harvard Geospatial Library, a foundation
for geospatial data service at Harvard. The Center for Geographic Analysis
(CGA) at Harvard University was founded in 2006, independent of the library
system, to serve the entire university. This article presents the history,
organizational structure, and operational model of CGA and HMC, reviews
achievements, lessons learned, suggests future improvements, and reviews GISrelated medical research at Harvard.
Warnick, Walter (2010) has described the work of the Office of
Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) in the US Department of Energy
[29]
Office of Science and OSTI's development of the powerful search engine,. With
tools such as Science.gov and WorldWideScience.org, the patron gains access to
multiple, geographically dispersed deep web databases and can search all of the
constituent sources with a single query. The paper is both historical and
descriptive. Findings -- That WorldWideScience.org fills a unique niche in
discovering scientific material in an information landscape that includes search
engines such as Google and Google Scholar. Originality/value -- This is one of
the few papers to describe in depth the important work being done by the US
Office of Scientific and Technical Information in the field of search and
discovery.
Takagi, M., Kaneko, T., Mochizuki, M., Sasaki, J., Teshigawara, Y.
(2010) developed a web-based learning system named "CollabTest" that enables
learners to acquire knowledge by creating quizzes and sharing them with their
peers. To date, we have employed this system in 158 classes covering subjects
such as computer networks, statistics, and Western history. However, educational
models and methods to improve the educational effectiveness of using such a
system are not clear. For this reason, the results of using CollabTest differ widely
among teachers. In this paper, we report methods for effective utilization of the
system by using feedback obtained from teachers via questionnaires and
interviews.
Stoermer, H., Palpanas, T., Giannakopoulos, G. (2010) have explained
an increasing interest in the use of the web as an information and knowledge
source. Much of the information sought after in the web is in this case relevant to
[30]
named entities (i.e., persons, locations, organizations, etc.). An important
observation is that the entity identification problem lies at the core of many
applications in this context. In order to deal with this problem, we propose the
Entity Name System (ENS), a large scale, distributed infrastructure for assigning
and managing unique identifiers for entities in the web. In this paper, we examine
the special requirements for storage and management of entities, in the context of
the ENS. We present a conceptual model for the representation of entities, and
discuss problems related to data quality, as well as the management of the entity
lifecycle. Finally, they described the architecture of the current prototype of the
system.
Virili, F., Sorrentino, M. (2010) have explained a grounded theory
analysis of a case study in the banking industry with a view to showing the
enabling role of "Web services" technology in information system development
practices. The grounded theory analysis of the Cashier Management System
development project at the Central Europe Bank (a pseudonym) shows that Web
services technology is a key technological enabler for more agile forms of IS
development, characterized by incremental analysis, requirements revision,
requirements emerging in use and incremental implementation. In particular, an
initial in-depth analysis phase, conducted in a traditional way, is then followed,
during system development, by several iterative phases of requirements
revision/addition, in fulfilment of emerging or previously unplanned user needs
discovered along the way. Such system development practices, enabled by the
Web services technology and influenced by a variety of contextual factors, cover
a middle ground between methodical and a methodical development processes.
[31]
Kong, SC Kong, Siu Cheung (2010) have explained
the goal of
promoting student-teachers to reflect on their teaching performance, a webenabled video system was developed to permit them to record their classroom
performance and then retrieve online videos of their teaching for self-reflection.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of online videos in facilitating
self-reflection amongst student-teachers. Eight student-teachers from four
disciplines were invited to use the video system to reflect on their teaching in two
lessons. A content analysis was conducted to compare the reflective notes made
by the student-teachers before and after browsing the videos of their teaching.
The results indicated that video browsing prompted student-teachers to generate
an additional 50 per cent of reflective notes and stimulated them to significantly
increase the depth of their reflective thoughts in the areas of discipline and
classroom management, and professional knowledge on teaching. Building on
the gains achieved in this way, student-teachers can subsequently engage in indepth professional dialogue with their teacher supervisors.
Virili, F, Sorrentino, M
(2010) have presented a grounded theory
analysis of a case study in the banking industry with a view to showing the
enabling role of "Web services" technology in information system development
practices. The grounded theory analysis of the Cashier Management System
development project at the Central Europe Bank (a pseudonym) shows that Web
services technology is a key technological enabler for more agile forms of IS
development, characterized by incremental analysis, requirements revision,
requirements emerging in use and incremental implementation. In particular, an
initial in-depth analysis phase, conducted in a traditional way, is then followed,
[32]
during system development, by several iterative phases of requirements
revision/addition, in fulfilment of emerging or previously unplanned user needs
discovered along the way. Such system development practices, enabled by the
Web services technology and influenced by a variety of contextual factors, cover
a middle ground between methodical and a methodical development processes.
Okura, T., Koyama, T., Noguchi, J., Iwasaki, A. (2009) have developed
a CALL system for EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners which uses
DVD movies to promote and enhance learner motivation. It is presented as a
worksheet that includes a DVD viewer, caption-display area and control buttons.
Using this system with EFL learners led to positive results (Okura [1]). To
further improve the system, functions were added to control the environment of
learner PCs, such as the selection of subtitles and whether or not to use them, the
language audio and the chapter(s) to be viewed. The instructor can now better
control the overall PC settings and learning environment but also allow
individual students to study at their own pace. We report on the concepts and
development of this system.
Santos, E., Tierny, J., Khan, A., Grimm, B., Lins, L., Freire, J., et al.
(2009) have described simulations that require massive amounts of computing
power and generate tens of terabytes of data are now part of the daily lives of
scientists. Analyzing and visualizing the results of these simulations as they are
computed can lead not only to early insights but also to useful knowledge that
can be provided as feedback to the simulation, avoiding unnecessary use of
computing power. Our work is aimed at making advanced visualization tools
[33]
available to scientists in a user-friendly, web-based environment where they can
be accessed anytime from anywhere. In the context of turbulent combustion for
example, visualization is used to understand the coupling between turbulence and
the turbulent mixing of scalars. Although isosurface generation is a useful
technique in this scenario, computing and rendering isosurfaces one at a time is
expensive and not particularly well-suited for such a web-based framework. In
this paper we propose the use of a summary structure, called contour tree that
captures the topological structure of a scalar field and guides the user in
identifying useful isosurfaces. We have also designed an interface which has
been integrated with a web-based simulation monitoring system, that allows
users to interact with and explore multiple is osurfaces.
Chen, DQ Chen, WB (2009) have explained Organizations that have
limited resources need to conduct clinical studies in a cost-effective, but secure
way. Clinical data residing in various individual databases need to be easily
accessed and secured. Although widely available, digital certification,
encryption, and secure web server, have not been implemented as widely, partly
due to a lack of understanding of needs and concerns over issues such as cost and
difficulty in implementation.
Vassiliadis, Bill, Xenos, Michalis, Stefani, Antonia (2009) have explored
the role of Grid Computing technologies to improve learning in an Open
University environment and electronic learning. It notes that implementing Grid
technologies can improve the efficiency in the cognitive and social domains
services for learners and can enhance their learning capacity and academic
[34]
performance. It also discusses the experience of the Hellenic Open University
(HOU) in using the distance education technologies and its effects to the learning
process, the learners, and the tutors. It also cites a scenario of a learner who uses
the Grid infrastructure to gain more knowledge about the documentary she
watched on television regarding the solar planet system as one of the
comprehensible ways to utilize Grid technologies in the everyday learning
procedure.
Ali, A , Chen, ZF ; Lee, J (2008) have explained, the advent of internet
and wireless technologies, real-time remote monitoring and control is becoming
an essential need for meeting highly dynamic business objectives. At the same
time, web-enabled platforms are required to perform remote monitoring with
efficiently and effectively. Recent progresses on e-manufacturing applications
address the needs for better integration between factory floor and enterprise
systems. This paper presents a web-enabled platform which focuses on webenabled intelligence to enable products and systems to achieve near-zerodowntime performance through device-to-business (D2B) platform. The
proposed web-enabled platform can effectively minimize the massive
information bottleneck that exists between plant floor and information systems.
Case studies are presented to determine how effectively web-enabled industrial
system can be used in factory floor as well as business decision-making.
Manufacturers and users will benefit from the increased equipment and process
performance with the effective implementation of the developed web-enable
platform.
[35]
Yang, SJH , Zhang, J., Chen, IY (2008) have provided context-aware
Web services is an adaptive process of delivering contextually matched Web
services to meet service requesters' needs. We define the term "context" from two
perspectives: one from service requesters; and the other from Web services. From
the former perspective, context is defined as the surrounding environment
affecting requesters' services discovery and access, such as requesters'
preferences, locations, activities, and accessible network and devices. From the
latter perspective, context is defined as the surrounding environment affecting
Web services delivery and execution, such as networks and protocols for service
binding, devices and platforms for service execution, and so on. This paper
presents a Java Expert System Shell (JESS)-enabled context elicitation system
featuring an ontology-based context model that formally describes and acquires
contextual information pertaining to service requesters and Web services. Based
on the context elicitation system, we present a context-aware services-oriented
architecture for providing context-aware Web service request, publication, and
discovery. Implementation details of the context elicitation system and the
evaluation results of context-aware service provision are also reported
Li, Jiansheng, Su, Daizhong (2008) have presented the support modules
and system structure of a Web-enabled environment (WEE) for collaborative
design and manufacture. The WEE provides an effective and efficient way of
collaboration between designers, engineers and manufacturers at different
locations by integrating necessary design resources, including experts from
different domains and their own design tools and applications. Four support
modules are described first, which provide functions of remote execution, design
[36]
data sharing, manufacturing resource access, and product data management.
Then, two basic working models of the collaborative environment are presented:
the server centralized model suits the administrative tasks, while the point-topoint model is more efficient in other circumstances, such as CAD data exchange
and program invocation. A hybrid structure of these two models is implemented
in the system development. A hierarchical architecture of naming services is also
utilized within the WEE to manage various design resources, including CAD,
CAM, product data management, and design optimization tools and applications.
Venkatraman, M., Singh, M. P. (2007) have explained
Interaction
protocols are specific, often standard, constraints on the behaviors of autonomous
agents in a multiagent system. Protocols are essential to the functioning of open
systems, such as those that arise in most interesting web applications. A variety
of common protocols in negotiation and electronic commerce are best treated as
commitment protocols, which are defined, or at least analyzed, in terms of the
creation, satisfaction, or manipulation of the commitments among the
participating agents. When protocols are employed in open environments, such as
the Internet, they must be executed by agents that behave more or less
autonomously and whose internal designs are not known. In such settings,
therefore, there is a risk that the participating agents may fail to comply with the
given protocol. Without a rigorous means to verify compliance, the very idea of
protocols for interoperation is subverted. We develop an approach for testing
whether the behavior of an agent complies with a commitment protocol. Our
approach requires the specification of commitment protocols in temporal logic,
[37]
and involves a novel way of synthesizing and applying ideas from distributed
computing and logics of program.
Maglogiannis, I., Soldatos, J., Chatzioannou, A., Milonakis, V.,
Kanaris, Y. (2007) have presented
a Web based portal, which enables
intelligent processing of biological data in Grid environments. The deployed
software aims at creation of tools for processing data from microarray
experiments over the Hellenic Grid infrastructure. Emphasis is given on user
interface and access issues, while the paper describes also the data parsing and
parallelization of the microarray data processing. The description of the system is
oriented to Grid developers and users, since it focuses on the customization and
use of the microarray applications over the Grid. Apart from supporting the high
performance and economical execution of microarray experiments, the proposed
system endeavors to provide access to a distributed repository of experiments
information and results.
Ramírez, E. H., & Brena, R. F. (2004) have described component
architecture for web-enabling MultiAgent Systems intended for the deployment
of distributed artificial intelligence applications. This integration allows agents to
publish web services or standard HTML providing thus a convenient interface for
other distributed components. By using an Embedded Web Services approach we
provide a simple and efficient mechanism for enabling agents to interoperate
with its users and enterprise systems such as portals or client-server applications.
The architecture we propose is presented from a structural as well as functional
point of view. Comparisons are drawn with other proposals for integrating
[38]
intelligent
agents
with
web
services,
and
experimental
performance
measurements show the advantages of our approach.
Köpsell, S.,
Hillig, U. (2004) have developed a blocking resistant,
practical and usable system for anonymous web surfing. This means, the system
tries to provide as much reachability and availability as possible, even to users in
countries where the free flow of information is legally, organizationally and
physically restricted. The proposed solution is an add-on to existing anonymity
systems. First we give a classification of blocking criteria and some general
countermeasures. Using these techniques, we outline a concrete design, which is
based on the JAP-Web Mixes (aka AN.ON).
Shen, D., Yu, G., Yang, D., Song, B., Dong, X. (2003) have explained
the characteristics of autonomy, dynamic and heterogeneity of Web services, the
composition of Web services is not the same as the integrated system based on
fixed business process flow. So it is necessary to present new enabling systems
for supporting web services composition in the new web services environment.
In this paper, we present an enabling framework, named e_Scope4WS, which
provides the necessary infrastructure for building reliable Web service
compositions. The key technologies such as ontology-based heterogeneity
resolution, discovering appropriate Web services based on semantic and QoS,
dynamic scheduling of composite process flow with the shortest time within web
service composition are addressed in this paper.
Margarita, S. Sonnessa, M. (2003) have proposed a general framework
for web-enabling economic and financial simulations. Especially suited for
[39]
agent-based models, the system is fully built upon Open Source software and
well-known standards which ensure a very high level of generality. For the sake
of completeness, two tools are used to make an instance of this framework: JAS
Library as a simulation tool and Zope for web interface and users management.
Both communicate through XML-RPC. In conclusion, this system is used to
simulate the Prisoner's Dilemma problem.
Jakobovits, R., Brinkley, J. F., Rosse, C., & Weinberger, E. (2001)
described an open-source toolkit that enables clinicians, researchers, and
educators to build their own web-based biomedical information systems. The
Web Interfacing Repository Manager (Wirm) is a high-level application server
aimed at medical professionals, allowing them to create individually tailored
systems for managing their multimedia data and knowledge. We provide an
overview of the features of Wirm, explaining how they meet the requirements for
supporting biomedical information management, and describe four applications
that are currently being developed with Wirm: MyPACS, a teaching file
authoring system for radiologists, Fathom, an experiment management system
for natural language processing, the Digital Anatomist Repository, an image
archiving tool for medical schools, and Ontolog, a browser for medical
vocabularies.
[40]
REFERENCES
1.
Ali, A , Chen, ZF & ; Lee, J (2008). International journal of advanced man-
ufacturing technology, 38 (11-12 ), 1260-1270.
2.
Antezana, E., Blondé, W., Venkatesan, A., De Baets, B., Mironov, V., &
Kuiper, M. (2011). Semantic systems biology: Enabling integrative biology via semantic web technologies. Paper presented at the ACM International Conference Proceeding Series
3.
Chen, DQ &Chen, WB (2009). Clinical trials, 6 (4), 378-385.
4.
Guan, Weihe Wendy, Burns, Bonnie, Finkelstein, Julia L & Blossom, Jeffrey C. (2011). Journal of Map & Geography Libraries; 2011, 7 (1), 36-60.
5.
Jakobovits, R., Brinkley, J. F., Rosse, C., & Weinberger, E. (2001). Enabling clinicians, researchers, and educators to build custom web-based biomedical information systems. Proceedings / AMIA .Annual Symposium.AMIA Symposium , 279-283
6.
Kamadjeu, R., & Tolentino, H. (2006). Open source scalable vector
graphics components for enabling GIS in web-based public health surveillance systems. AMIA ...Annual Symposium Proceedings / AMIA Symposium.AMIA Symposium, , 973.
7.
Kong, SC , Shroff, R & Hung, HK (2009). Australasian journal of educa-
tional technology,25 (4) pages: 544-558
8.
Kong, SC Kong, Siu Cheung (2010). Computers & education Volume: 55
Issue: 4 Pages: 1772-1782.
[41]
9.
Köpsell, S., & Hillig, U. (2004). How to achieve blocking resistance for
existing systems enabling anonymous web surfing. Paper presented at the
WPES'04: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM Workshop on Privacy in the
Electronic Society, 47-58.
10.
Kwon, Y & Chiou, R (2009). Robotics and computer-integrated manufactur-
ing Volume: 25 Issue: 3 Pages: 552-559.
11.
Kwon, Y , Chiou, R & Stepanskiy, L (2009). Robotics and computer-inte-
grated manufacturing volume: 25 issue: 3 pages: 552-559
12.
Levtzion-Korach, O., Alcalai, H., Orav, E. J., Graydon-Baker, E.,
Keohane, C., Bates, D. W., et al. (2009). Evaluation of the contributions of
an electronic web-based reporting system: Enabling action. Journal of
Patient Safety, 5(1), 9-15.
13.
Li, Jiansheng & Su, Daizhong (2008). International journal of production
research Volume: 46 Issue: 9 Pages: 2397-2412.
14.
Maglogiannis, I., Soldatos, J., Chatzioannou, A., Milonakis, V., & Kanaris, Y. (2007). A web based system enabling distributed access and intelligent processing of bioinformatics data in grid environments
15.
Margarita, S., & Sonnessa, M. (2003). Sim2Web: An open source system
for web-enabling economic and financial simulations. JASSS, 6(4)
16.
Okura, T., Koyama, T., Noguchi, J., & Iwasaki, A. (2009). A DVD
movie-based call system enabling control of learner environment via the
web. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 12th IASTED International
[42]
Conference on Computers and Advanced Technology in Education, CATE
2009, 153-157.
17.
Pullen, J. M., Makineni, K., & McAndrews, P. (2007). A grammar-based
web
service
enabling
multi-domain
distributed
interoperation
of
command/control and simulation systems. Paper presented at the Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and RealTime Applications, DS-RT,
18.
137-144.
Ramírez, E. H., & Brena, R. F. (2004). Web-enabling multiagent systems.
Paper presented at the Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of
Lecture Notes in Computer Science), 3315 53-61.
19.
Santos, E., Tierny, J., Khan, A., Grimm, B., Lins, L., Freire, J., et al.
(2009). Enabling advanced visualization tools in a web-based simulation
monitoring system. Paper presented at the E-Science 2009 - 5th IEEE International Conference on e-Science, 358-365.
20.
Shen, D., Yu, G., Yang, D., Song, B., & Dong, X. (2003). An enabling
system for web services composition. Paper presented at the Proceedings of
the International Conference on Agile Manufacturing, Advances in Agile
Manufacturing, ICAM 2003, 625-632.
21.
Squicciarini, Anna C. (2011). Journal of the American Society for Information
Science & Technology; Mar2011, Vol. 62 Issue 3, p521-534, 14p,
[43]
22.
Stoermer, H., Palpanas, T., & Giannakopoulos, G. (2010). The entity
name system: Enabling the web of entities. Paper presented at the Proceedings - International Conference on Data Engineering, 227-232
23.
Takagi, M., Kaneko, T., Mochizuki, M., Sasaki, J., & Teshigawara, Y.
(2010). A survey on educational methods using "CollabTest", a web-based
learning system enabling students to create quizzes collaboratively. Paper
presented at the International Conference on Education and Educational
Technologies - Proceedings, 318-324.
24.
Tillett, Barbara B (2011). Serials; Nov2011, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p266-272, 7p
25.
Vassiliadis, Bill, Xenos, Michalis & Stefani, Antonia (2009). International Journal of Information & Communication Technology Education ; Jul-Sep2009, Vol.
5 Issue 3, p59-73, 15p
26.
Venkatraman, M., & Singh, M. P. (2007). Verifying compliance with
commitment protocols: Enabling open web-based multiagent systems.
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 2(3), 217-236.
27.
Virili, F, & Sorrentino, M (2010). Information systems and e-business man-
agement Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Pages: 207-233.
28.
Virili, F., & Sorrentino, M. (2010). The enabling role of web services in
information system development practices: A grounded theory study. Information Systems and e-Business Management, 8(3), 207-233
29.
Warnick, Walter (2010). Interlending & Document Supply; Vol. 38 Issue 2,
p82-92, 11p.
[44]
30.
Yang, SJH , Zhang, J & Chen, IY (2008). Expert systems with applica-
tions Volume: 34 Issue: 4 Pages: 2254-2266
_______
[45]
Chapter - III
PROFILE OF ALL NATIONS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
KOFORIDUA, GHANA
.
.
All Nations University is the one and only university in Koforidua in the
eastern region in Ghana. All Nations University College (ANUC) is the brain
child of Dr Samuel Donkor, Senior Pastor of All Nations Full Gospel Church.
ANUC was the answer to the question, “What can we do to help for the
development of Africa?” The answer, focuses on higher education. The Diaspora
in Toronto from over 60 other countries accepted the challenge to build All
Nations University College.
It became the mission of the All Nations Full Gospel Church and later the
All Nations International Development Agency (ANIDA), an NGO which
facilitated the development of the University. After many years of consultations
with the Ministry of Education, the University finally presented its Master Plan
to the Ministry and received the authority to establish the All Nations University
College in May 1996 from the National Accreditation Board. The University was
incorporated in the same year and has since worked towards the realization of the
collective dream.
3.1 Vision
 All Nations University College’s vision is to provide higher education, which
is pursued in a Christian environment of truth and integrity.
[46]
3.2 Mission
 The university seeks to provide quality higher education that promotes
development and to raise up leaders with Christian values and ethics for good
governance to serve the people.
 Up to date, the University College recognizes that the primary allegiance of
higher education is truth; its discovery; its dissemination and effective
application to the necessities of life.
 In the pursuit of truth, it is noted that personal commitment towards
excellence is fundamental to the process of higher education. This
commitment calls for discipline. Thus, ANUC brings discipline back to
education.
3.3 ANUC objectives
 To enhance cognitive development use: That is, individuals acquire
knowledge in order to be able to analyze and assess issues in the right
perspective.
 To have a positive influence on individuals so that they may in turn have a
fruitful change in their lifestyles as a result of growth in their knowledge.
 To help people to practically apply the knowledge acquired in their own life,
their societies and in every situation or place in which they find themselves.
 To provide a Total Personality Development that incorporates Leadership,
Spirituality, Character and Discipline
[47]
3.4
DEPARTMENTS
3.4.1 OIL & GAS ENGINEERING
The Bachelor of Engineering (Oil and Gas) programme is aimed at
training indigenous engineers who can participate in the development of the
operations, and in the near future, direct the operations consistent with, and
procure equipment required for, operations at conditions favourable to Ghana’s
national interests.
Oil & Gas Engineering Lab
[48]
3.4.2 BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
The Department of Biomedical Engineering was established for the
purpose of contributing to the growing health needs of Ghana in the area of
hospital equipment and technical expertise.
The department is currently focusing on the following research areas:
•
Biosensors
•
Medical Image Processing
•
Bio signal processing
•
Clinical engineering- Rehabilitation engineering and Bioinformatics
•
Biomaterials
3.4.3 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
All Nations University College is one of the few Universities that have
qualified full-time faculty in Computer Science in the entire country, supported
by sophisticated modern computer laboratories for practical training.
Computer Science & Engineering Lab
[49]
3.4.4 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
The Bachelor of Engineering (Oil and Gas) programme is aimed at
training indigenous engineers who can participate in the development of the
operations, and in the near future, direct the operations consistent with, and
procure equipment required for, operations at conditions favourable to Ghana’s
national interests.
The department currently focusing the research on the following areas:
•
Wireless sensor networks
•
VLSI design
•
Embedded systems
•
Networking
•
Digital signal processing
•
Programmable logic controller.
•
Digital Image Processing
Electronics & Communications Engineering Lab
[50]
3.4.5 BIBLICAL STUDIES
The department of Biblical Studies, though small in terms of student
enrollment compared to other departments, is considered to be the foundation or
the basis of All Nations University College.
3.4.6 BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
The Business Administration department was a foundation department
which started in November 2002, with an intake of 20 regular students, which
has grown to 2,025 (comprising of regular and part time students.)
The Department of Business Administration is the largest in terms of:
•
Student Population
•
Lecturers and Technical Instructors
•
Employee Stability
•
Highest number of Grandaunts
Accreditation and curriculum
The Business Administration programme is fully accredited by the
National Accreditation Board, and offers a Bachelor of Business Administration
(BBA) with the following options:
•
Accounting and Finance
•
Banking and Finance
•
Marketing
•
Human Resource Management
•
Entrepreneurial Studies
[51]
The curriculum is revised every year to keep up with normal trends in
business education globally. ANUC has revised its basic and elective curricula to
embrace emerging concepts in modern day conventional and internet-based
business applications.
3.4.7 HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
The Department offers general courses in Language skills (English, French
and communication). Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Sociology, Research
Methodology, Psychology, Law and other humanities and science courses, for a
well-grounded education.
3.5
LIBRARY
[52]
ANUC has a library with a physical stock of over 40,000 (forty thousand)
volumes of books that cover all courses offered by the University College and
more, including Encyclopedias and other reference books. The library has only
printed documents, such as books, journals, magazines, Newspapers,etc.,
3.6
ANUC HOLDS SEVENTH CONVOCATION
All Nations University College on 19th May, 2011 witnessed her 7th
Convocation ceremony at the City Campus grounds. The theme of the ceremony
was “Embracing Wholistic Education in Pursuit of Excellence”. A total of ninety
eight graduands were congregated with three being awarded with First Class
honours, thirty five with Second Class Upper Division, forty four with Second
Class Lower Division, nine with Third Class and the rest had a Pass
3.7
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
 New Engineering Complex for the School of Engineering.
 New library is fully stocked with over 10,000 books.
 Server room and computer networks.
[53]
New engineering complex for the school of engineering
Server Room
[54]
3.8
ALL NATIONS UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY
Table 1: Department wise Faculty, Students, and Staff
Programme
No. of
students
No. of
faculty
Ph.D.
M.Phil
Masters
Bus. Adm
2,025
30
6
10
14
Oil & gas
285
10
2
-
8
Comp. Scien
509
14
1
1
12
Elec.& comm
421
18
-
-
18
Biom. Engg.
413
11
1
1
9
Bib. Studies
517
10
1
3
6
Humanities
86
11
1
2
8
4256
104
12
17
75
Total
3.9
Admin
staff
23
SPONSORSHIP
 Students of the ANUC (Business Administration) were sponsored by ANUC
to Karunya University (India) to pursue their Masters in Business
Administration (MBA) in 2006.
 Students were sponsored in 2007 to SRM University for further studies.
 Students were sponsored in 2009 to SRM University for further studies.
 This programme is still in the process and now not only in India but in other
foreign countries.
[55]
 As part of its social responsibility, the University has made it possible for
women within the community to access free literacy education, ICT training
and basic business skills as part of empowering women to contribute to
society.
 The University also has a child sponsorship program for over 250 children
from the cradle to university. The child sponsorship programme provides for
children who are disadvantaged due to poverty.
3.10 FUTURE PLAN OF ALL NATION UNIVERSITY
 The School is considering moving toward the M.Sc. designation which offers
deeper specialization in the functional areas than are likely under the existing
system. Increasingly, employers are demanding MBA graduates who enter
the work world to “hit the road running” as functional area specialists as
opposed to the generalist who need more training and orientation to be on
their feet, but which in the long-run, may be in their best interest.
 ANUC is going to invest in more ICT capacity to make internet and
computer facilities more accessible to faculty and students.
 ANUC is going to develop the faculty, at least ten (10) new Ph.D. Scholars
by the year 2015.
[56]
Locations of All Nations University College in the Republic of Ghana
Source: http://www.allnationsuniversity.org/home/
_____
[57]
Chapter IV
RESEARCH DESIGN
.
.
4.1
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
All Nations University is a university with a large number of students.The
university has a library with only printed copies of documents and some CDs
which covers the courses being offered to the students. Although students visit
the internet to seek information but may not get the relevant requirements.
Librarians have become increasingly aware that the multiplication of
electronic resources is a problem for end-users. Users find it difficult to locate the
most appropriate database or resource to search for information relevant to their
need. Even if they locate the right resources, since each service tends to have its
own unique interface, they may struggle to search it effectively. If information is
difficult to find using library tools and services, users are looking for alternative
sources. This new reality translates into the need for making library web
environments effective and useful. Hence the present study ‘Designing Library
Portal for All Nations University College: A Case Study’ has taken up by the
researcher.
4.2
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main aim of the library portal is to fulfill information requirements of
the faculty members, students, researchers in the All Nations University.
[58]
To design a web enabled information system that links all the scholarly
resources, services, facilities as to the requirements of university programmes,
functions and the users.
Moreover, the tool used for construction of web portal i.e. webnode is an
open source application that may not have provision of accommodating a large
amount of data and higher level of resources.
4.3
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study is based on designing a library portal for All Nations
University. It was not possible to evaluate more information on the internet to
feed the library portal due to a limited period. As a result, only a few number of
Databases were selected for the study.
4.4
DESIGNING A LIBRARY PORTAL
Portal itself is a Web site or Web service that provides information content
to serve a specific community. In the Information Technology (IT) World, a
portal is used to describe a browser experience that has an entry point (or
gateway) that is intended to be the starting point for any journey or user
experience. As such in IT, a portal can be described as an 'anchor' or starting
point that makes all the types of information (destinations) available to a
designated audience.
4.5
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE IN THE STUDY UNIT
The All Nations University is interconnected with the help of an
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network and a Gigabit network with a fibre
[59]
optic backbone cable allowing data rates of 155 Mbps and 1 Gbps. The backbone
links 38 buildings of the campus to the departments and hostels. Central switches
and servers provide high-speed computing as well as the internet and e-mail
facilities. Departmental switches in each of the buildings provide users access to
central computing facilities and the internet right at their desktops.
In pursuing its tradition of keeping in step with modern technology, the
Department of Computer Science and Applications (DCSA) of All Nations
University provides internet access at a speed of 14-Mbps. The internet
connectivity is through the Education and Research Network (ERNET) of Ghana
and Reliance Communications. These facilities are available to the All Nations
University Campus Community through a Campus Wide Network which has its
centre in the DCSA. The All Nations University has a domain server
www.allnationsuniversity.org. It has IBM, Hewlett Packard Server Rack based
with external storage and Apache, PHP, SQL, MySQL, Dreamweaver, Adobe
Photoshop,
etc.
The
services
and
support
of
ERNET
&
Reliance
Communications is utilized for this portal.
4.6
DESIGNING A LIBRARY PORTAL
Identifying the users’ goals and expectations:
The ultimate goal of effective Web design is to arrange your site so that it
anticipates your users’ needs and expectations. Hence identifications of user
needs and desires in accessing the information resources has been made to design
the study.
[60]
4.7
DEFINING THE SITE’S CONTENT AREAS
Based on the observation, the researcher has listed all the relevant content
where the resources can be accessed and the same is arranged in a classified
manner according to the context of the site
Once the content has been identified the researcher has completely explode
the site and accessed the extent of the relevance and the usefulness of these
resources according to the users of All Nations University College Library.
4.8
ORGANIZING THE CONTENT AREAS
The content that were exploded, analyzed and reviewed by organized with
relevant links and heading that was hierarchically and associate with the
programmes and the services of and the university.
4.9
FREE WEBSITES FOR WEB DESIGNING (open Access)
As the present study use the free and open access website/web portal
software tool to design the All Nations University Library Portal a review of
some of the open source website developing tools were given below.
 Homestead
Homestead is easy-to-use free website building software, affordable web
hosting and toll-free customer support, Homestead makes it easy for you to
build a website.
 Open Source Web Design
Open Source Web Design is a site to download free web design templates
and share yours with others.
[61]
 Fullsail
Websites and applications that will help to define the future of the Internet.
Whether it's your goal to create the next big thing in online business, or a
website designed to bring people.
 Wix
Sites created with Wix free website builder.
 Terapad.com
Allows creating websites & building one’s own site.
 Quick2soft Technologies
Quick2soft Technologies a Professional Web Design and Development
Company for the past 5 years. specialized in providing
best-in-class
Web Design and Development package, which covers Web Designing, Web
Development, e-Commerce Solutions, Search Engine Optimization (SEO),
Web Hosting Services, Domain Registration, Professional content writing
and Shopping cart Builders.
 Webs
Webs’ point-and-click Site Builder requires no technical skills.
 FreeSiteDesigner.com
It is a website template provider and publishing tool
 Moonfruit
Free website design
[62]
 Yola
It provides everything your business needs to grow online.
 Webnode.com
It is a newly-launched (web 2.0) service. Webnode’s service competes with
what of well-known Google Page Creator and a number of other online
website builders like Weebly, Jimdo, Synthasite, Sampa and RealEditor. One
can make and own a website for free for unlimited time.Making a website
with Webnode is quick and fun and does not need any technical skills.
4.10 SOFTWARE (webnode)
The Webnode is used with the Com Port Redirector software (CPR) and
PULSAlink Windows Software to access all of the features of a Pulsafeeder
3300/3400 series controller over the internet or over an intranet.
The PULSALINK software program is a Windows-based program that is
used to access and control Pulsafeeder 3300/3400 series controllers. The CPR
software program is used to create and manage virtual com ports, which are
redirected over a network to the serial port of a device server.The webnode
contains an Internal Network device server.
The webnode uses the Internet Protocol (IP) for network communications
and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to assure that no data is lost or
duplicated and that everything sent to the connection arrives correctly at the
target.
[63]
 Back- End (Oracle )
Back-end is programming that the user does not see, in a web application it
would be the server-side code that runs on the web server to enact the
application's logic such as storing data to a database, verifying user
registration info, and so on.
 Front-End
The front-end is the part that the user sees and interacts with, i.e. the "user
interface", in websites this is javascript and HTML (though thats just a
presentation language, not a programming language) and also some parts of
the server side language, such as PHP, could be considered front-end as they
are used to dynamically generate the front-end page for the user.
4.11 FEATURES OF WEBNODE
•
The Pulsafeeder Webnode is compatible with all existing 3300/3400 series
controllers with the -RS-232 (RS2L) option.
•
The Webnode is Plug and Play, with minimal setup for intranet connections
and is accessable via the internet through pre-assigned ports (with firewall
access).
•
The Webnode contains built-in web server hardware to prevent network port
access by un-authorized sources.
•
The configuration of the Webnode is stored in non-volitile memory and is
retained on a loss of power.
4.12 METHODOLOGY
This study is explorative in nature in identifying the design and
organization of the library portal for an academic institution and it is also
[64]
analytical in nature in strengthening the empirical relativity due to personal
observation of the selected sites at regular intervals in verifying the standard
parameters and comparing the existence with relevance to educational sites in the
present context. Companies, organizations, educational institutions, communities
and individual people all serve as information providers for the electronic
Internet community.

A portal exclusively for the library of All Nations University College, the
Republic of Ghana has been planned for this project.

The existing website of All Nations University College has been thoroughly
browsed and featured and the features were analyzed.

The report literature and the information brochure pertaining to the study
unit have been studied and the required information as input for the design
of this portal is collected.

A few selected library portals were browsed and the design and content
were analyzed.

The basic details on the library of the All Nation University College have
been collected.

The homepage, no of links, the photograph, and multimedia content have
been chosen and size and amount of the data is calculated.

The textual information for the description has been prepared, checked and
modified to be displayed in the website.
[65]

The resources both open and subscribed to be linked were identified and
classified as to the departments/ schools.

The features such as live chat, RSS Feed, Email, research and the federated
search were integrated.

The site has been designed, constructed and uploaded after the evaluation
by the peers and experts.

The URL of the web portal is http://felopat.webnode.com/
4.13 ADOPTED CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING INTERNET SOURCES
IDENTIFIED FOR THE PROJECT
 Scope
Breadth: Are all aspects of the subject covered?
Depth: To what level of detail in the subject does the resource go?
Time: Is the information in the resource limited to certain time periods?
Format: Are certain kinds of Internet resources (for example PDF, FTP)
excluded?
 Content
Is the information factual, or opinion? Does the site contain original
information, or simply links? Sites can be useful both as information
resources in themselves, and as links to other information. However users
can be frustrated by lists of resources which look promising, but turn out to
simply contain more links.
[66]
 Accuracy
Is the information in the resource accurate? You may wish to check this
against other resources, or by checking some information about which you
have special knowledge. Are there political or ideological biases? The
Internet has become a prime marketing and advertising tool, and it is
advisable to ask "what motivation does the author have for placing this
information on the Net.
 Authority
Does the resource have some reputable organization or expert behind it?
Does the author have standing in the field? Are sources of information
stated? Is the information verifiable? Can the author be contacted for
clarification or to be informed of new information?
 Currency
How frequently is the resource updated, or is it a static resource? Are dates of
update stated, and do these correspond to the information in the resource?
Does the organization or person hosting the resource appear to have a
commitment to ongoing maintenance and stability of the resource?
 Uniqueness
Is the information in this resource available in other forms (for example other
sites, WWW, print, CD-ROM)? What advantages does this particular
resource have? If the resource is derived from another format, for example
[67]
print, does it have all the features of the original? Have extra features been
added?
 Links Made to Other Resources
If the value of the site lies in its links to other resources, are the links kept up
to date, and made to appropriate resources? Are the links made in such a way
that it is clear that an external site is being referred to.
 Quality of Writing
Is the text well written? While hypertext linking and multimedia are
important elements of the Web, the bulk of the information content on the
Web still lies in text, and quality of writing is important for the content to be
communicated clearly.
 Graphic and Multimedia Design
Is the resource interesting to look at? Do the visual effects enhance the
resource, distract from the content, or substitute for content? If audio, video,
virtual reality modeling, etc are used, are they appropriate to the purpose of
the source? A related criterion to graphic design is navigational design,
mentioned below in the context of browsability and organization.
 Purpose
What is the purpose of the resource? Is this clearly stated? Does the resource
fulfill the stated purpose?
 Audience
Who are the intended users of this resource? At what level is the resource
pitched: a subject expert, a layperson, or a school student? Will the resource
[68]
satisfy the needs of the intended users? Does the user group have the
connectivity to access the resource? Does your user group correspond to the
intended audience?
 Workability
Is the resource convenient and effective to use? This is the area where criteria
for Internet resources differ most from print sources. An issue in providing
access to electronic documents is whether a library should just provide links
to the originating site, or "acquire" the publication for local access. Poor
workability may indicate that the library should store the data locally, if
intellectual property considerations allow this aspects of workability include:
 User Friendliness
Are any special commands clear? Is help information available? Have user
interface issues been addressed, such as menu design, readability of screens,
etc.
 Searching
How effectively can information be retrieved from the resource? Is the
resource organized in a logical manner to facilitate the location of resources?
Is the organizational scheme appropriate, for example chronological for an
historical source, or geographical for a regional resource? Is a useful search
engine provided? What operators and ranking
features are available? Is the search engine interface intuitive? Does the
search engine index the whole resource?
[69]
 Brows ability and Organization
Is the resource organized in a logical manner to facilitate the location of
resources? Is the organizational scheme appropriate, for example
chronological for an historical source, or geographical for a regional
resource?
 Connectivity
Can the resource be accessed with standard equipment and software, or are
there special software, password, or network requirements? Can the resource
be accessed reliably, or is it frequently overloaded or offline? Is a local
mirror site available, or do international traffic charges have to be incurred?
4.14 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The personal study aims to satisfy the requirements of the MLIS project
and dissertations to fulfill the partial requirements of the academic programme of
the University and the same time the researcher wanted to carry out a practical
application i.e web designing, which is always required to a library professional
who can mark the website as an interface to the user community and as an image
builder and the promotion tool of one’s library activities, and services. As a
student served in All Nations University Library a web portal has been designed
and launched to add more number of information resources that can be accessible
by internet by the faculty and student users of the All Nations University
College. The portal is a model for the All Nations University College Library
Services and the same time the content and the structure of the portal need to be
updated and maintained even after the project purposes completed.
[70]
______
[71]
Chapter V
DESIGNING A LIBRARY PORTAL FOR ANUC
.
.
[72]
Design and Development of All Nations University Library Portal
http://felopat.webnode.com
5.1
All Nations University College Library Portal
The all nations university library portal is an online site providing access
to a variety of web-based resources available on internet and intranet. These
resources are selected and evaluated by the faculty, department of library and
information science. It provides a way of organizing information from a variety
of sources. This Portal is a website, providing information services to students,
[73]
researchers and faculty for accessing the facilities available in All Nations
University Library.
ALL NATIONS UNIVERSITY LIBRARY PORTAL
http://felopat.webnode.com/
[74]
5.2
Portal contents
The ANUC portal home page contains information about online databases,
journals, books, theses and dissertations, conferences, patents and standards, etc.,
which are also freely available on the web.
5.3
Library Collections
All Nations University Library having various collection like Books,
Journals, Magazines, Newsletters, CDs, Theses, Back volumes, etc., This page of
the portal gives access to all these resources.
[75]
5.4
Electronic Resources
All Nations University library portal provides electronic resources search
as bibliographic databases, full text databases, Search Engines, Subject Gateways
and Reference styles(open access) for all students, and faculty members and
other users on their various subjects.
The above snapshot shows the site give access to all the important
e-resources.
[76]
5.5
Subject gateways
The above page of the web portal is subject Gateways for the various courses
offered in All nations University College.

SOSIG: Intute Social sciences provide free access to high quality resources
on the Internet. Each resource has been evaluated and categorized by
subject specialists based at UK universities.

BUBL: Set of links to contemporary business, management and
information technology issues, including hundreds of full text articles and
[77]
papers, magazines and journals, case studies and tools. Topics include
business process re-engineering, knowledge management.

Cs Computer Science: This category is for the scientific study of
Computer Graphics covering the theory of such techniques of sampling and
rendering and the design and analysis of algorithms used in computer
graphics.

Ads arts and humanities data services: Enabling Digital resources for the
Arts and Humanities.

Virtual Reference Shelf: Virtual libraries or Subject Gateways are
collections of scholarly databases and information websites. The collections
are arranged by subject that have been assembled, reviewed and
recommended by subject specialists and librarians. These virtual libraries
and gateway collections support research and reference needs by identifying
and pointing to recommended, academically-oriented pages on the Web.
[78]
5.6
Search engines
Above page of the web portal shown will enable the all Nations University
users to browse on the web through these search engines such as Scirus, NDLTD,
Journal TOC, Canada.com, Google, Big search engine index and Hotpot.
[79]
5.7
Library Services
All Nations University Library Portal provides various types of services
like information display, current awareness service, access to full text and
bibliographic databases, Inter Library Loan, Online Database, Lending of books,
Photocopy, Newspaper clippings, etc. that can be accessed online through this
portal.
[80]
5.8
Federated Search
Federated search is an information retrieval technology that allows the
simultaneous search of multiple searchable resources. A user makes a single
query request which is distributed to the search engines participating in the
federation. The federated search then aggregates the results that are received
from the search engines for presentation to the user. In this project, the researcher
has provided the federated search facility using google federated search.
University Library databases including OPAC and other open access resources
can be searched at single point
[81]
5.9
Chat with Librarian
The All Nations University Library portal provides online answers to
various questions asked by users. It is a kind of online retrieval service linked
with the portal.
______
[82]
Chapter VI
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
.
.
The student has used Open Access tool to designing a portal for ANCUL,
Ghana after collecting all the important information about the library. The
following are the major outcome of the project work.
6.1
FINDINGS
Library portal has became one of the most commonly used media for
effective and efficient delivery of information as it not only offers information
about policies, staff, opening hours, library members and services available in the
library, but also conveniently deliver electronic resources such as electronic
books, electronic journals, online databases, online dictionary, encyclopedia,
bibliography, electronic directory, biography directly to the users on their
computer screens.

The study found that majority of the students use library portals but not on a
regular basis.

The all nations university library portal is an online sites providing access
to a variety of web-based resources available on internet and intranet.
These resources are selected and evaluated by the faculty, department of
library and information science
[83]

The ANUC portal home pages contains information about online databases,
journals, books, theses and dissertations, conferences, patents and
standards, etc., which are also freely available on the web.

All Nations University Library having various collection like Books,
Journals, Magazines, Newsletters, CDs, Theses, Back volumes, etc

All Nations University Library Portal provides various types of services
like information display, current awareness service, access to full text and
bibliographic databases, Inter Library Loan, Online Database, Lending of
books, Photocopy, Newspaper clippings, etc. that can be accessed online
through this portal.

All Nations University Library Portal provides various types of services
like information display, current awareness service, access to full text and
bibliographic databases, Inter Library Loan, Online Database, Lending of
books, Photocopy, Newspaper clippings, etc. that can be accessed online
through this portal.

The All Nations University Library portal provides online answers to
various questions asked by users. It is a kind of online retrieval service
linked with the portal

A high percentage of users used their own library portal followed by other
institutions library portal as well.

The investigator found that the reason for not using the library portal was
lack of awareness and lack of training and guidance.
[84]
6.2
SUGGESTIONS
1. The Library portal should be updated frequently to meet users requirements.
2. The portal should be evaluated frequently to know if the resources are
really helpful to users.
3. Web metrics tools such as Alexa, web optimization, w3counter etc. should
be used to evaluate the library portal.
4. The librarian should give orientation to users in case of adding any new
item.
5. The users should be given notice about when the server is on and off.
6. Systems should be regularly serviced to allow users to work
enthusiastically.
7. Information literacy programmes should be conducted by the libraries to
enable the effective use of library portal.
6.3
FUTURE PLANS
1. Digital Library will be established by installing DSpace software for
institutional repositories.
2. Web opac will be available for users to search for their books online
without the interment of a library staff.
3. Commercial Databases such as Springer link, EBSCO, Emerald will be
provided by All Nations University library.
4. Users will access information wherever they find themselves, if only they
have internet access by providing them password .
5. Future plans include the updating of the All Nations University portal on a
regular basis so as to include new information to meet the demands of the
users.
[85]
6.4
CONCLUSION
In the age of information explosion, when everybody is talking of
information overload, satisfying users’ information needs in a simple,
personalized and efficient way is becoming a challenge for library and
information centers. Just subscribing to online sources does not serve the purpose
until and unless the users are informed about them so that such resources are
fully utilized. The budget at the disposal of libraries is limited and the demand
for information by the researchers is increasing, whereas the time at their
disposal is limited. Hence, such portals are important as they are user friendly
and provide information through a single window. It is extremely useful for
researchers as they can find all the information related to their discipline at one
place.
______
[86]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
.
.
1.
Venkatraman, M., & Singh, M. P. (1999). Verifying compliance with
commitment protocols: Enabling open web-based multiagent systems.
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 2(3), 217-236.
2.
Levtzion-Korach, O., Alcalai, H., Orav, E. J., Graydon-Baker, E.,
Keohane, C., Bates, D. W., et al. (2009). Evaluation of the contributions of
an electronic web-based reporting system: Enabling action. Journal of
Patient Safety, 5(1), 9-15.
3.
Köpsell, S., & Hillig, U. (2004). How to achieve blocking resistance for
existing systems enabling anonymous web surfing. Paper presented at the
WPES'04: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM Workshop on Privacy in the
Electronic Society, 47-58.
4.
Santos, E., Tierny, J., Khan, A., Grimm, B., Lins, L., Freire, J., et al.
(2009). Enabling advanced visualization tools in a web-based simulation
monitoring system. Paper presented at the E-Science 2009 - 5th IEEE International Conference on e-Science, 358-365.
5.
Ramírez, E. H., & Brena, R. F. (2004). Web-enabling multiagent systems.
Paper presented at the Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of
Lecture Notes in Computer Science), 3315 53-61.
6.
Shen, D., Yu, G., Yang, D., Song, B., & Dong, X. (2003). An enabling
system for web services composition. Paper presented at the Proceedings of
the International Conference on Agile Manufacturing, Advances in Agile
Manufacturing, ICAM 2003, 625-632.
7.
Jakobovits, R., Brinkley, J. F., Rosse, C., & Weinberger, E. (2001). Enabling clinicians, researchers, and educators to build custom web-based biomedical information systems. Proceedings / AMIA .Annual Symposium.
AMIA Symposium , 279-283
8.
Antezana, E., Blondé, W., Venkatesan, A., De Baets, B., Mironov, V., &
Kuiper, M. (2011). Semantic systems biology: Enabling integrative biology via semantic web technologies. Paper presented at the ACM International Conference Proceeding Series
9.
Takagi, M., Kaneko, T., Mochizuki, M., Sasaki, J., & Teshigawara, Y.
(2010). A survey on educational methods using "CollabTest", a web-based
learning system enabling students to create quizzes collaboratively. Paper
presented at the International Conference on Education and Educational
Technologies - Proceedings, 318-324.
10.
Stoermer, H., Palpanas, T., & Giannakopoulos, G. (2010). The entity
name system: Enabling the web of entities. Paper presented at the Proceedings - International Conference on Data Engineering, 227-232.
11.
Virili, F., & Sorrentino, M. (2010). The enabling role of web services in
information system development practices: A grounded theory study. Information Systems and e-Business Management, 8(3), 207-233.
12.
Okura, T., Koyama, T., Noguchi, J., & Iwasaki, A. (2009). A DVD
movie-based call system enabling control of learner environment via the
[88]
web. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 12th IASTED International
Conference on Computers and Advanced Technology in Education, CATE
2009, 153-157.
13.
Pullen, J. M., Makineni, K., & McAndrews, P. (2007). A grammar-based
web
service
enabling
multi-domain
distributed
interoperation
of
command/control and simulation systems. Paper presented at the Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and RealTime Applications, DS-RT,
14.
137-144.
Maglogiannis, I., Soldatos, J., Chatzioannou, A., Milonakis, V., & Kanaris, Y. (2007). A web based system enabling distributed access and intelligent processing of bioinformatics data in grid environments.
15.
Kamadjeu, R., & Tolentino, H. (2006). Open source scalable vector
graphics components for enabling GIS in web-based public health surveillance systems. AMIA ...Annual Symposium Proceedings / AMIA Symposium.AMIA Symposium, , 973.
16.
Margarita, S., & Sonnessa, M. (2003). Sim2Web: An open source system
for web-enabling economic and financial simulations. JASSS, 6(4)
17.
Kong, SC Kong, Siu Cheung (2010). Computers & education Volume: 55
Issue: 4 Pages: 1772-1782.
18.
Virili, F,& Sorrentino, M (2010). Information systems and e-business
management Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Pages: 207-233.
19.
Chen, DQ &Chen, WB (2009). Clinical trials Volume: 6 Issue: 4 Pages:
378-385.
20.
Kwon, Y & Chiou, R(2009). Robotics and computer-integrated manufacturing Volume: 25 Issue: 3 Pages: 552-559.
[89]
21.
Kwon, Y , Chiou, R & Stepanskiy, L (2009). Robotics and computer-integrated manufacturing volume: 25 issue: 3 pages: 552-559.
22.
Kong, SC,Shroff, R & Hung,HK (2009). Australasian journal of educational technology volume: 25 issue: 4 pages: 544-558.
23.
Ali, A , Chen, ZF & ; Lee, J (2008). International journal of advanced
manufacturing technology volume: 38 issue: 11-12 pages: 1260-1270.
24.
Yang, SJH ,Zhang, J & Chen, IY (2008). Expert systems with applications Volume: 34 Issue: 4 Pages: 2254-2266.
25.
Li, Jiansheng & Su, Daizhong (2008). International journal of production
research Volume: 46 Issue: 9 Pages: 2397-2412.
26.
Vassiliadis, Bill, Xenos, Michalis & Stefani, Antonia (2009). International
Journal of Information & Communication Technology Education; JulSep2009, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p59-73, 15p.
27.
Tillett, Barbara B (2011). Serials; Nov2011, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p266-272, .
28.
Squicciarini, Anna C. (2011). Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology; Mar2011, Vol. 62 Issue 3, p521-534, 14p.
29.
Guan, Weihe Wendy, Burns, Bonnie, Finkelstein, Julia L & Blossom,
Jeffrey C. (2011). Journal of Map & Geography Libraries; 2011, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p36-60, 25p.
30.
Warnick, Walter (2010). Interlending & Document Supply; Vol. 38 Issue
2, p82-92, 11p.
31.
Boye, J. (1999), “Are all portals the same?”, Internet Related Technologies,
available at: www.irt.org/articles/js147/index.htm (accessed 20 March
2010).
[90]
32.
Chand, P. and Arora, J. (2008), “Access to scholarly communication in
higher education in India:trends in usage statistics via INFLIBNET”,
Program: electronic library and information systems, Vol. 42 No. 4, pp.
382-90.
33.
Elzer, C. (1999), “Enterprise information portals”, South African Journal of
Information Management, Vol. 1 Nos 2/3.
34.
Warr, W.A. (1998), “Communication and communities of chemists”,
Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Science, Vol. 38 No. 6, pp.
966-75.
35.
Warr, W.A. (2001), “A report on the presentation chemistry preprint
server: a revolution in chemistry communication”, National ACS Meeting
(CINF Division) San Diego, CA, available at: www.chemweb.com/docs/
cps/ cps.pdf (accessed 20 March 2010).
36.
Jackson , Mary E., Preece , Barbara G. “Consortia and the portal challenge”
The Journal of Academic Librarianship Vol. 28, No. 03, Page 160-162,
May 2002.
Internet
http://www.infomotions.com/musings/portals/
http://www.webnode.com/
http://www.portalsindia.com/
http://www.allnationsuniversity.org/home/
http://www.intute.ac.uk/socialsciences/
______
[91]
CHAPTER I
Introduction
CHAPTER II
Review of Literature
CHAPTER III
Profile of All Nations University College
Koforidua, Republic of Ghana
[95]
CHAPTER IV
Research Design
CHAPTER V
Designing a Library Portal for
ANUC
CHAPTER VI
Findings, Suggestions and
Conclusion
Bibliography
[100]