Raised bog

Restoration management in Lille Vildmose: ”Little Wild Bog”
Finland
Norge
Sverige
Estland
Danmark
Letland
Litauen
Kaliningrad
Tyskland
Polen
Geology and landscape
b or
gå
•
4000 BC – sea area
nd
en
• 0 – Lagoon with shallow water
Li
• Until AD 500 – Marine landscape
Mulbjergene
• After AD 500 – Development of raised bog
Kongerslev
K
nd
dl u
ste
g
on
• Lille Vildmose is a young raised bog
Smidie
rd
gå
lev
Has
Bælum
Afgrænsning af
undersøgelsesområde
Toftebjerg
e
å
Ø. Hurup
Ko
Alsbjerg
ru p å
Als Odde
Pilotprojekt Lille Vildmose Nationalpark
Landskabsbeskrivelse
Afgrænsning af undersøgelsesområde
5000
0
5000 Meters
Original bog extension
The original bog extension: 5.600 ha
Present bog extension
Current bog extension: 3.300 ha
Drained bog extension: 2.300 ha
Storvorde
Lan
ge
Hals
rak
Skellet
L
nalen
dka
ve
Flan
sb
Ho
Gu
du
ml u
n
å
org
nb
de
d kan
in
Mou
æ
Kongerslev
vg
sl e
Ha
Tofte skov
Bælum
år
de
å
Ø. Hurup
Veddum
Skelund
Als Odde
Landskabet ca. 1880
Landareal i Stenalderen
Landskabet 2002
Als
Kystlinie 2002
Landareal i stenalderen
Revler
Revler
Hede
Løvskov
Strandplan
Hævet havbund
Kultureng
Nåleskov
Hævet havbund
hede
løvskov
vanddybde 0 - 2 m
Mose
Byzone/bygninger
vanddybde 0 - 2 m
højmose
nåleskov
vanddybde 2 - 4 m
Natureng
Sommerhusområder
vanddybde 2 - 4 m
kær
Landsbyer
vanddybde 4 - 6 m
Overdrev
Strandplan
Kystlinie 2002
vanddybde 6 - 10 m
Sø
vanddybde over 10 m
Strandeng
sand
strandeng
Ældre vandløb
Amtsvandløb
Kommunevandløb
Private vandløb
vanddybde 4 - 6 m
vanddybde 6 - 10 m
vanddybde over 10 m
Industrial peat extraction
• Since 1950 industrial peat extraction for
gardening
• Until 2003 – 200.000 m³ peat were
•
extracted per year
Resources 8 million m³
Planning
• EU – Habitat area
Criterion for pointing out:
- Raised bog
- Raised bog with growth of trees
- Different types of dunes
- Etc.
• EU – Bird Protection
Criterion for pointing out:
- Wood Sandpiper
- Black Stork
- Crane
- Golden eagle
- Etc.
• Nature Conservation project
• Project for a National Park
Initiatives to create a coherent nature reserve composed by bog areas
• EU–Habitatdirective forces authorities to act
• The Danish Government is submitted to the
EU - Commission
• The County has worked out a nature
restoration project
Investigations
Intact raised bogs:
- State of preservation
- Tofte Bog (Staatsbosbeheer, Holland)
Drained raised bogs:
- Chemistry and Sphagnum structures
- Closeness of mineral soil
- Possible water levels
- Possibilities for promoting sphagnum growth
- Possibilities for promoting other types of
nature
State of preservation of the bogs
• The bogs are in a different state of
preservation – not a stable state
• The bogs are drying out
• Drainage and peat extraction are the most
important threats
Experiments
Experiment on peat extraction areas for
sphagnum growth (Cuspidatum)
Alternatives
Project aims and strategies
In accordance to EU-Habitat Directive:
• Protection of remnant bogs
• Connection of remnant bogs
• Destribute sphagnum growth
• Compensate insufficient state of preservation
• Change suitable peat extraction areas to
promote sphagnum growth
• Change suitable peat extraction areas to
other types of nature
Project means
• Stop drainage on the bogs
• Stop peat extraction 250 – 500 m from bogs
• Stop peat extraction closer than 0,5 m and 1
m from mineral layer
• Remove topsoil from cultivated areas
• Raise ground water level
• Possible building of dams along bog edges
Cross section
Present
The surface of the earth
Ground water level
Future:
Ground water level
Results
• Temporary stop for peat extraction on most areas
• Limitation and restrictions on other peat extraction
areas
• Legal period about privilege and economical
compensation has started
• Until now we have made investigations and plans
• In future we will realise the plans
• Create a huge nature reserve consisting of 18.100 ha
On Land
07.850 ha
On sea
10.250 ha
• From this 5.000 ha with raised bogs and wetlands