Basketball

Basketball
1.2
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Contents
Articles
Basketball
Basketball moves
1
21
References
Article Sources and Contributors
31
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
33
Article Licenses
License
34
Basketball
1
Basketball
Basketball
Michael Jordan goes for a slam dunk at the old Boston Garden
Highest governing body FIBA
First played
1891, Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.
Characteristics
Contact
Contact
Team members
10-20 (5 on court)
Mixed gender
Single
Categorization
Indoor (mainly) or Outdoor (Streetball)
Equipment
Basketball
Olympic
Demonstrated in the 1904 and 1924 Summer
Olympics
Part of the Summer Olympic program since 1936
Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court. The objective is to shoot a ball
through a hoop 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and 10 feet (3.0 m) high mounted to a backboard at each end.
Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.
A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular play. A field goal scores two
points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the basket than the three-point line, and three points
(known commonly as a 3 pointer or three) if the player is behind the three-point line. The team with the most points
at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the game ends with a draw. The ball
can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while walking or running or throwing it to a team mate. It is a violation
to move without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.
Violations are called "fouls". A personal foul is penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded to an offensive player
if he is fouled while shooting the ball. A technical foul may also be issued when certain infractions occur, most
commonly for unsportsmanlike conduct on the part of a player or coach. A technical foul gives the opposing team a
free throw, and the opposing team also retains possession of the ball.
As well as many techniques for shooting, passing, dribbling and rebounding, basketball has specialized player
positions and offensive and defensive structures (player positioning). Typically, the tallest members of a team will
play "center", "power forward" or "small forward" positions, while shorter players or those who possess the best ball
handling skills and speed play "point guard" or "shooting guard".
Basketball
2
History
Creation
In early December 1891, Canadian American Dr. James Naismith, a physical
education professor and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian
Association Training School (YMCA) (today, Springfield College) in
Springfield, Massachusetts, USA), was trying to keep his gym class active on a
rainy day. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and
at proper levels of fitness during the long New England winters. After rejecting
other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he
wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot (3.05 m) elevated
track. In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its
bottom, and balls had to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point
scored; this proved inefficient, however, so the bottom of the basket was
removed,[1] allowing the balls to be poked out with a long dowel each time.
The first basketball court: Springfield
Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball. The first balls made
College
specifically for basketball were brown, and it was only in the late 1950s that
Tony Hinkle, searching for a ball that would be more visible to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange
ball that is now in common use. Dribbling was not part of the original game except for the "bounce pass" to
teammates. Passing the ball was the primary means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but
limited by the asymmetric shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a major part of the game around the 1950s, as
manufacturing improved the ball shape.
The peach baskets were used until 1906 when they were finally replaced by metal hoops with backboards. A further
change was soon made, so the ball merely passed through. Whenever a person got the ball in the basket, his team
would gain a point. Whichever team got the most points won the game. The baskets were originally nailed to the
mezzanine balcony of the playing court, but this proved impractical when spectators on the balcony began to
interfere with shots. The backboard was introduced to prevent this interference; it had the additional effect of
allowing rebound shots.[2] Naismith's handwritten diaries, discovered by his granddaughter in early 2006, indicate
that he was nervous about the new game he had invented, which incorporated rules from a children's game called
"Duck on a Rock", as many had failed before it. Naismith called the new game "Basket Ball". The first official game
was played in the YMCA gymnasium in Albany, New York on January 20, 1892 with nine players. The game ended
at 1–0; the shot was made from 25 feet (7.6 m), on a court just half the size of a present-day Streetball or National
Basketball Association (NBA) court. By 1897–1898 teams of five became standard.
Basketball
3
College basketball
Basketball's early adherents were dispatched to YMCAs throughout the
United States, and it quickly spread through the USA and Canada. By
1895, it was well established at several women's high schools. While
the YMCA was responsible for initially developing and spreading the
game, within a decade it discouraged the new sport, as rough play and
rowdy crowds began to detract from the YMCA's primary mission.
However, other amateur sports clubs, colleges, and professional clubs
quickly filled the void. In the years before World War I, the Amateur
Athletic Union and the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the
United States (forerunner of the NCAA) vied for control over the rules
for the game. The first pro league, the National Basketball League, was
formed in 1898 to protect players from exploitation and to promote a
less rough game. This league only lasted five years.
The 1899 University of Kansas basketball team,
with James Naismith at the back, right.
Dr. James Naismith was instrumental in establishing college basketball. His colleague C.O. Beamis fielded the first
college basketball team just a year after the Springfield YMCA game at the suburban Pittsburgh Geneva College.
Naismith himself later coached at the University of Kansas for six years, before handing the reins to renowned coach
Forrest "Phog" Allen. Naismith's disciple Amos Alonzo Stagg brought basketball to the University of Chicago, while
Adolph Rupp, a student of Naismith's at Kansas, enjoyed great success as coach at the University of Kentucky. On
February 9, 1895, the first intercollegiate 5-on-5 game was played at Hamline University between Hamline and the
School of Agriculture, which was affiliated with the University of Minnesota. The School of Agriculture won in a
9–3 game.
In 1901, colleges, including the University of Chicago, Columbia University, Dartmouth College, the University of
Minnesota, the U.S. Naval Academy, the University of Colorado and Yale University began sponsoring men's
games. In 1905, frequent injuries on the football field prompted President Theodore Roosevelt to suggest that
colleges form a governing body, resulting in the creation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United
States (IAAUS). In 1910, that body would change its name to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
The first Canadian interuniversity basketball game was played at the YMCA in Kingston, Ontario on February 6,
1904, when McGill University visited Queen's University. McGill won 9–7 in overtime; the score was 7–7 at the end
of regulation play, and a ten-minute overtime period settled the outcome. A good turnout of spectators watched the
game.[3]
The first men's national championship tournament, the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball
tournament, which still exists as the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) tournament, was
organized in 1937. The first national championship for NCAA teams, the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in
New York, was organized in 1938; the NCAA national tournament would begin one year later. College basketball
was rocked by gambling scandals from 1948 to 1951, when dozens of players from top teams were implicated in
match fixing and point shaving. Partially spurred by an association with cheating, the NIT lost support to the NCAA
tournament.
Basketball
High school basketball
Before widespread school district consolidation, most American high schools
were far smaller than their present-day counterparts. During the first decades of
the 20th century, basketball quickly became the ideal interscholastic sport due to
its modest equipment and personnel requirements. In the days before widespread
television coverage of professional and college sports, the popularity of high
school basketball was unrivaled in many parts of America. Perhaps the most
legendary of high school teams was Indiana's Franklin Wonder Five, which took
the nation by storm during the 1920s, dominating Indiana basketball and earning
national recognition.
Today virtually every high school in the United States fields a basketball team in
varsity competition.[4] Basketball's popularity remains high, both in rural areas
A basketball game between the Heart
where they carry the identification of the entire community, as well as at some
Mountain and Powell High School
girls
teams, Wyoming, March 1944
larger schools known for their basketball teams where many players go on to
participate at higher levels of competition after graduation. In the 2003–04
season, 1,002,797 boys and girls represented their schools in interscholastic basketball competition, according to the
National Federation of State High School Associations. The states of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky are particularly
well known for their residents' devotion to high school basketball, commonly called Hoosier Hysteria in Indiana; the
critically acclaimed film Hoosiers shows high school basketball's depth of meaning to these communities.
There is currently no national tournament to determine a national high school champion. The most serious effort was
the National Interscholastic Basketball Tournament at the University of Chicago from 1917 to 1930. The event was
organized by Amos Alonzo Stagg and sent invitations to state champion teams. The tournament started out as a
mostly Midwest affair but grew. In 1929 it had 29 state champions. Faced with opposition from the National
Federation of State High School Associations and North Central Association of Colleges and Schools that bore a
threat of the schools losing their accreditation the last tournament was in 1930. The organizations said they were
concerned that the tournament was being used to recruit professional players from the prep ranks. The tournament
did not invite minority schools or private/parochial schools.
The National Catholic Interscholastic Basketball Tournament ran from 1924 to 1941 at Loyola University. The
National Catholic Invitational Basketball Tournament from 1954 to 1978 played at a series of venues, including
Catholic University, Georgetown and George Mason. The National Interscholastic Basketball Tournament for Black
High Schools was held from 1929 to 1942 at Hampton Institute. The National Invitational Interscholastic Basketball
Tournament was held from 1941 to 1967 starting out at Tuskegee Institute. Following a pause during World War II it
resumed at Tennessee State College in Nashville. The basis for the champion dwindled after 1954 when Brown v.
Board of Education began an integration of schools. The last tournaments were held at Alabama State College from
1964 to 1967.
4
Basketball
5
Professional basketball
Teams abounded throughout the 1920s. There were hundreds of men's
professional basketball teams in towns and cities all over the United States, and
little organization of the professional game. Players jumped from team to team
and teams played in armories and smoky dance halls. Leagues came and went.
Barnstorming squads such as the Original Celtics and two all-African American
teams, the New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") and the (still existing) Harlem
Globetrotters played up to two hundred games a year on their national tours.
In 1946, the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed. The first
game was played in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between the Toronto Huskies and
New York Knickerbockers on November 1, 1946. Three seasons later, in 1949,
the BAA merged with the National Basketball League to form the National
Ad from The Liberator magazine
Basketball Association (NBA). By the 1950s, basketball had become a major
promoting an exhibition in Harlem,
college sport, thus paving the way for a growth of interest in professional
March 1922. Drawing by Hugo
basketball. In 1959, a basketball hall of fame was founded in Springfield,
Gellert.
Massachusetts, site of the first game. Its rosters include the names of great
players, coaches, referees and people who have contributed significantly to the development of the game. The hall of
fame has people who have accomplished many goals in their career in basketball. An upstart organization, the
American Basketball Association, emerged in 1967 and briefly threatened the NBA's dominance until the
ABA-NBA merger in 1976. Today the NBA is the top professional basketball league in the world in terms of
popularity, salaries, talent, and level of competition.
The NBA has featured many famous players, including George Mikan, the first dominating "big man"; ball-handling
wizard Bob Cousy and defensive genius Bill Russell of the Boston Celtics; Wilt Chamberlain, who originally played
for the barnstorming Harlem Globetrotters; all-around stars Oscar Robertson and Jerry West; more recent big men
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal and Karl Malone; playmaker John Stockton; crowd-pleasing forward Julius
Erving; European stars Dirk Nowitzki and Dražen Petrović and the three players who many credit with ushering the
professional game to its highest level of popularity: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, and Michael Jordan. In
2001, the NBA formed a developmental league, the NBDL. As of 2012, the league has 16 teams.
International basketball
The International Basketball Federation was formed in 1932 by eight founding
nations: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and
Switzerland. At this time, the organization only oversaw amateur players. Its
acronym, derived from the French Fédération Internationale de Basketball
Amateur, was thus "FIBA". Men's Basketball was first included at the Berlin
1936 Summer Olympics, although a demonstration tournament was held in 1904.
The United States defeated Canada in the first final, played outdoors. This
competition has usually been dominated by the United States, whose team has
won all but three titles, the first loss in a controversial final game in Munich in
1972 against the Soviet Union. In 1950 the first FIBA World Championship for
men was held in Argentina. Three years later, the first FIBA World
Championship for Women was held in Chile. Women's basketball was added to
the Olympics in 1976, which were held in Montreal, Canada with teams such as
the Soviet Union, Brazil and Australia rivaling the American squads.
XX. Olympic games Munich 1972
Krešimir Ćosić of Yugoslavia (blue
shirt) vs. Petr Novicky of
Czechoslovakia
Basketball
FIBA dropped the distinction between amateur and professional players in 1989, and in 1992, professional players
played for the first time in the Olympic Games. The United States' dominance continued with the introduction of
their Dream Team. However, with developing programs elsewhere, other national teams started to beat the United
States. A team made entirely of NBA players finished sixth in the 2002 World Championships in Indianapolis,
behind Yugoslavia, Argentina, Germany, New Zealand and Spain. In the 2004 Athens Olympics, the United States
suffered its first Olympic loss while using professional players, falling to Puerto Rico (in a 19-point loss) and
Lithuania in group games, and being eliminated in the semifinals by Argentina. It eventually won the bronze medal
defeating Lithuania, finishing behind Argentina and Italy. In 2006, in the World Championship of Japan, the United
States advanced to the semifinals but were defeated by Greece by 101–95. In the bronze medal game it beat team
Argentina and finished 3rd behind Greece and Spain. After the disappointments of 2002 through 2006, the U.S.
regrouped, reestablishing themselves as the dominant international team behind the "Redeem Team", which won
gold at the 2008 Olympics, and the so-called "B-Team", which won gold at the 2010 FIBA World Championship in
Turkey despite featuring no players from the 2008 squad.
The all-tournament teams at the 2002 and 2006 FIBA World Championships, respectively held in Indianapolis and
Japan, demonstrate the globalization of the game equally dramatically. Only one member of either team was
American, namely Carmelo Anthony in 2006. The 2002 team featured Nowitzki, Ginobili, Yao, Peja Stojakovic of
Yugoslavia (now of Serbia), and Pero Cameron of New Zealand. Ginobili also made the 2006 team; the other
members were Anthony, Gasol, his Spanish teammate Jorge Garbajosa and Theodoros Papaloukas of Greece. The
only players on either team to never have joined the NBA are Cameron and Papaloukas. The all-tournament team
from the 2010 edition in Turkey featured four NBA players—MVP Kevin Durant of Team USA and the Oklahoma
City Thunder, Linas Kleiza of Lithuania and the Toronto Raptors, Luis Scola of Argentina and the Houston Rockets,
and Hedo Türkoğlu of Turkey and the Phoenix Suns. The only non-NBA player was Serbia's Miloš Teodosić. The
strength of international Basketball is evident in the fact that Team USA won none of the three world championships
held between 1998 and 2006, with Serbia (then known as Yugoslavia) winning in 1998 and 2002 and Spain in 2006.
Worldwide, basketball tournaments are held for boys and girls of all age levels. The global popularity of the sport is
reflected in the nationalities represented in the NBA. Players from all six inhabited continents currently play in the
NBA. Top international players began coming into the NBA in the mid-1990s, including Croatians Dražen Petrović
and Toni Kukoč, Serbian Vlade Divac, Lithuanians Arvydas Sabonis and Šarūnas Marčiulionis and German Detlef
Schrempf.
In the Philippines, the Philippine Basketball Association's first game was played on April 9, 1975 at the Araneta
Coliseum in Cubao, Quezon City. Philippines. It was founded as a "rebellion" of several teams from the now-defunct
Manila Industrial and Commercial Athletic Association which was tightly controlled by the Basketball Association
of the Philippines (now defunct), the then-FIBA recognized national association. Nine teams from the MICAA
participated in the league's first season that opened on April 9, 1975. The NBL is Australia's pre-eminent men's
professional basketball league. The league commenced in 1979, playing a winter season (April–September) and did
so until the completion of the 20th season in 1998. The 1998/99 season, which commenced only months later, was
the first season after the shift to the current summer season format (October–April). This shift was an attempt to
avoid competing directly against Australia's various football codes. It features 8 teams from around Australia and
one in New Zealand. A few players including Luc Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey and Andrew
Bogut made it big internationally, becoming poster figures for the sport in Australia. The Women's National
Basketball League began in 1981.
6
Basketball
Women's basketball
In 1891, the University of California and Miss Head's School played
the first women's interinstitutional game. Women's basketball began in
1892 at Smith College when Senda Berenson, a physical education
teacher, modified Naismith's rules for women. Shortly after she was
hired at Smith, she went to Naismith to learn more about the game.
Fascinated by the new sport and the values it could teach, she
organized the first women’s collegiate basketball game on March 21,
1893, when her Smith freshmen and sophomores played against one
Women of Monterrey Institute of Technology and
another. Her rules were first published in 1899 and two years later
Higher Education, Mexico City playing a game at
Berenson became the editor of A.G. Spalding’s first Women's
the campus gymnasium
Basketball Guide. Berenson's freshmen played the sophomore class in
the first women's intercollegiate basketball game at Smith College, March 21, 1893. The same year, Mount Holyoke
and Sophie Newcomb College (coached by Clara Gregory Baer) women began playing basketball. By 1895, the
game had spread to colleges across the country, including Wellesley, Vassar, and Bryn Mawr. The first
intercollegiate women's game was on April 4, 1896. Stanford women played Berkeley, 9-on-9, ending in a 2–1
Stanford victory.
Women's basketball development was more structured than that for men in the early years. In 1905, the Executive
Committee on Basket Ball Rules (National Women's Basketball Committee) was created by the American Physical
Education Association. These rules called for six to nine players per team and 11 officials. The International
Women's Sports Federation (1924) included a women's basketball competition. 37 women's high school varsity
basketball or state tournaments were held by 1925. And in 1926, the Amateur Athletic Union backed the first
national women's basketball championship, complete with men's rules. The Edmonton Grads, a touring Canadian
women's team based in Edmonton, Alberta, operated between 1915 and 1940. The Grads toured all over North
America, and were exceptionally successful. They posted a record of 522 wins and only 20 losses over that span, as
they met any team which wanted to challenge them, funding their tours from gate receipts. The Grads also shone on
several exhibition trips to Europe, and won four consecutive exhibition Olympics tournaments, in 1924, 1928, 1932,
and 1936; however, women's basketball was not an official Olympic sport until 1976. The Grads' players were
unpaid, and had to remain single. The Grads' style focused on team play, without overly emphasizing skills of
individual players. The first women's AAU All-America team was chosen in 1929. Women's industrial leagues
sprang up throughout the United States, producing famous athletes, including Babe Didrikson of the Golden
Cyclones, and the All American Red Heads Team, which competed against men's teams, using men's rules. By 1938,
the women's national championship changed from a three-court game to two-court game with six players per team.
The NBA-backed Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) began in 1997. Though it had shaky
attendance figures, several marquee players (Lisa Leslie, Diana Taurasi, and Candace Parker among others) have
helped the league's popularity and level of competition. Other professional women's basketball leagues in the United
States, such as the American Basketball League (1996-1998), have folded in part because of the popularity of the
WNBA. The WNBA has been looked at by many as a niche league. However, the league has recently taken steps
forward. In June 2007, the WNBA signed a contract extension with ESPN. The new television deal runs from 2009
to 2016. Along with this deal, came the first ever rights fees to be paid to a women's professional sports league. Over
the eight years of the contract, "millions and millions of dollars" will be "dispersed to the league's teams." The
WNBA gets more viewers on national television broadcasts (413,000) than both Major League Soccer (253,000)[5]
and the NHL (310,732).[6] In a March 12, 2009 article, NBA commissioner David Stern said that in the bad
economy, "the NBA is far less profitable than the WNBA. We're losing a lot of money amongst a large number of
teams. We're budgeting the WNBA to break even this year."[7]
7
Basketball
Rules and regulations
Measurements and time limits discussed in this section often vary among
tournaments and organizations; international and NBA rules are used in this
section.
The object of the game is to outscore one's opponents by throwing the ball
through the opponents' basket from above while preventing the opponents from
doing so on their own. An attempt to score in this way is called a shot. A
successful shot is worth two points, or three points if it is taken from beyond the
three-point arc which is 6.75 metres (22 ft 2 in) from the basket in international
games and 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) in NBA games. A one-point shot can be
earned when shooting from the foul line after a foul is made.
Playing regulations
End of a match.
Games are played in four quarters of 10 (FIBA)[8] or 12 minutes (NBA).[9]
[10]
College games use two 20-minute halves,
while United States high school
[11]
varsity games use 8 minute quarters.
15 minutes are allowed for a half-time break under FIBA, NBA, and NCAA
[12][13]
rules
and 10 minutes in United States high schools. Overtime periods are five minutes in length[14][15] except
for high school which is four minutes in length. Teams exchange baskets for the second half. The time allowed is
actual playing time; the clock is stopped while the play is not active. Therefore, games generally take much longer to
complete than the allotted game time, typically about two hours.
Five players from each team may be on the court at one time.[16][17][18][19] Substitutions are unlimited but can only
be done when play is stopped. Teams also have a coach, who oversees the development and strategies of the team,
and other team personnel such as assistant coaches, managers, statisticians, doctors and trainers.
For both men's and women's teams, a standard uniform consists of a pair of shorts and a jersey with a clearly visible
number, unique within the team, printed on both the front and back. Players wear high-top sneakers that provide
extra ankle support. Typically, team names, players' names and, outside of North America, sponsors are printed on
the uniforms.
A limited number of time-outs, clock stoppages requested by a coach (or sometimes mandated in the NBA) for a
short meeting with the players, are allowed. They generally last no longer than one minute (100 seconds in the NBA)
unless, for televised games, a commercial break is needed.
The game is controlled by the officials consisting of the referee (referred to as crew chief in the NBA), one or two
umpires (referred to as referees in the NBA) and the table officials. For college, the NBA, and many high schools,
there are a total of three referees on the court. The table officials are responsible for keeping track of each teams
scoring, timekeeping, individual and team fouls, player substitutions, team possession arrow, and the shot clock.
8
Basketball
9
Equipment
The only essential equipment in a basketball game is the ball and the court: a flat,
rectangular surface with baskets at opposite ends. Competitive levels require the
use of more equipment such as clocks, score sheets, scoreboard(s), alternating
possession arrows, and whistle-operated stop-clock systems.
Traditional eight-panel basketball
A regulation basketball court in international games is 91.9 feet long
and 49.2 feet wide. In the NBA and NCAA the court is 94 feet by 50
feet. Most courts have wood flooring, usually constructed from maple
planks running in the same direction as the longer court dimension.
The name and logo of the home team is usually painted on or around
the center circle.
The basket is a steel rim 18 inches diameter with an attached net
affixed to a backboard that measures 6 feet by 3.5 feet and one basket
is at each end of the court. The white outlined box on the backboard is
An outdoor basketball net.
18 inches high and 2 feet wide. At almost all levels of competition, the
top of the rim is exactly 10 feet above the court and 4 feet inside the baseline. While variation is possible in the
dimensions of the court and backboard, it is considered important for the basket to be of the correct height – a rim
that is off by just a few inches can have an adverse effect on shooting.
The size of the basketball is also regulated. For men, the official ball is 29.5 inches in circumference (size 7, or a
"295 ball") and weighs 22 oz. If women are playing, the official basketball size is 28.5 inches in circumference (size
6, or a "285 ball") with a weight of 20 oz.
Violations
The ball may be advanced toward the basket by being shot, passed between players, thrown, tapped, rolled or
dribbled (bouncing the ball while running).
The ball must stay within the court; the last team to touch the ball before it travels out of bounds forfeits possession.
The ball is out of bounds if it touches or crosses over a boundary line, or touches a player who is out of bounds. This
is in contrast to other sports such as football, volleyball, and tennis (but not rugby or American football) where the
ball (or player) is still considered in if any part of it is touching a boundary line.
The ball-handler may not step with both feet without dribbling, an infraction known as traveling, nor dribble with
both hands or hold the ball and resume dribbling, a violation called double dribbling. Any part of the player's hand
cannot be directly under the ball while dribbling; doing so is known as carrying the ball. A team, once having
established ball control in the front half of their court, may not return the ball to the backcourt and be the first to
touch it. The ball may not be kicked, nor be struck with the fist. A violation of these rules results in loss of
possession, or, if committed by the defense, a reset of the shot clock (with some exceptions in the NBA).
There are limits imposed on the time taken before progressing the ball past halfway (8 seconds in FIBA and the
NBA; 10 seconds in NCAA men's play and high school for both sexes, but no limit in NCAA women's play), before
attempting a shot (24 seconds in FIBA and the NBA, 30 seconds in NCAA women's and Canadian Interuniversity
Basketball
10
Sport play for both sexes, and 35 seconds in NCAA men's play), holding the ball while closely guarded (5 seconds),
and remaining in the restricted area known as the free-throw lane, (or the "key") (3 seconds). These rules are
designed to promote more offense.
No player may touch the ball on its downward trajectory to the basket, unless it is obvious that the ball has no chance
of entering the basket (goaltending). In addition, no player may touch the ball while it is on or in the basket; when
any part of the ball is in the spacious cylinder above the basket (the area extended upwards from the basket); or when
the ball is outside the cylinder, if the player reaches through the basket and touches it. This violation is known as
"basket interference". If a defensive player goaltends or commits basket interference, the basket is awarded and the
offending team gets the ball. If a teammate of the player shooting goaltends or commits interference, the basket is
cancelled and play continues with the defensive team being given possession.
Fouls
An attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent through physical contact is
illegal and is called a foul. These are most commonly committed by defensive
players; however, they can be committed by offensive players as well. Players
who are fouled either receive the ball to pass inbounds again, or receive one or
more free throws if they are fouled in the act of shooting, depending on whether
the shot was successful. One point is awarded for making a free throw, which is
attempted from a line 15 feet (4.6 m) from the basket.
The referee may use discretion in calling fouls (for example, by considering
whether an unfair advantage was gained), sometimes making fouls controversial
calls or no-calls. The calling of fouls can vary between games, leagues and even
among referees.
The referee signals that a foul has
been committed.
A player or coach who shows poor sportsmanship, such as by arguing with a
referee or by fighting with another player, can be charged with a more serious foul called a technical foul. The
penalty involves free throws (where, unlike a personal foul, the other team can choose any player to shoot) and
varies among leagues. Repeated incidents can result in disqualification. A blatant foul involving physical contact that
is either excessive or unnecessary is called an intentional foul (flagrant foul in the NBA). In FIBA, a foul resulting in
ejection is called a disqualifying foul, while in leagues other than the NBA, such a foul is referred to as flagrant.
If a team exceeds a certain limit of team fouls in a given period (quarter or half) – four for NBA and international
games – the opposing team is awarded one or two free throws on all subsequent non-shooting fouls for that period,
the number depending on the league. In the US college and high school games, if a team reaches 7 fouls in a half, the
opposing team is awarded one free throw, along with a second shot if the first is made. This is called shooting
"one-and-one". If a team exceeds 10 fouls in the half, the opposing team is awarded two free throws on all
subsequent fouls for the half.
When a team shoots foul shots, the opponents may not interfere with the shooter, nor may they try to regain
possession until the last or potentially last free throw is in the air.
After a team has committed a specified number of fouls, it is said to be "in the penalty". On scoreboards, this is
usually signified with an indicator light reading "Bonus" or "Penalty" with an illuminated directional arrow
indicating that team is to receive free throws when fouled by the opposing team. (Some scoreboards also indicate the
number of fouls committed.)
If a team misses the first shot of a two-shot situation, the opposing team must wait for the completion of the second
shot before attempting to reclaim possession of the ball and continuing play.
If a player is fouled while attempting a shot and the shot is unsuccessful, the player is awarded a number of free
throws equal to the value of the attempted shot. A player fouled while attempting a regular two-point shot, then,
Basketball
11
receives two shots. A player fouled while attempting a three-point shot, on the other hand, receives three shots.
If a player is fouled while attempting a shot and the shot is successful, typically the player will be awarded one
additional free throw for one point. In combination with a regular shot, this is called a "three-point play" or
"four-point play" (or more colloquially, an "and one") because of the basket made at the time of the foul (2 or 3
points) and the additional free throw (1 point).
Common techniques and practices
Positions
Although the rules do not specify any positions
whatsoever, they have evolved as part of basketball.
During the first five decades of basketball's evolution,
one guard, two forwards, and two centers or two
guards, two forwards, and one center were used. Since
the 1980s, more specific positions have evolved,
namely:
1. Point guard: usually the fastest player on the team,
organizes the team's offense by controlling the ball
and making sure that it gets to the right player at the
right time.
2. Shooting guard: creates a high volume of shots on
offense, mainly long-ranged; and guards the
opponent's best perimeter player on defense.
3. Small forward: often primarily responsible for
scoring points via cuts to the basket and dribble
penetration; on defense seeks rebounds and steals,
but sometimes plays more actively.
Basketball positions in the offensive zone
4. Power forward: plays offensively often with their back to the basket; on defense, plays under the basket (in a
zone defense) or against the opposing power forward (in man-to-man defense).
5. Center: uses height and size to score (on offense), to protect the basket closely (on defense), or to rebound.
The above descriptions are flexible. On some occasions, teams will choose to use a three guard offense, replacing
one of the forwards or the center with a third guard.
Strategy
The strategies also evolve with the game. In the 1990s and early 2000s, teams played with more "isolation". Teams
that had one superstar would let one player, usually the point guard or shooting guard, run most of the offense while
the other four offensive players get out of his/her way. Nowadays, teams tend to play with more teamwork. The
"Center" position has evolved to become more of a taller "Small Forward" position. Since teams play more
teamwork, ball movement has evolved with the game, and more jump shots have been taken as a result.
There are two main defensive strategies: zone defense and man-to-man defense. In a zone defense, each player is
assigned to guard a specific area of the court. In a man-to-man defense, each defensive player guards a specific
opponent. Man-to-man defense is generally preferred at higher levels of competition, as it is intuitively easier to
understand and avoid mismatches between players who play different positions. However, zone defenses are
sometimes used in particular situations or simply to confuse the offense with an unexpected look.
Basketball
12
Offensive plays are more varied, normally involving planned passes and movement by players without the ball. A
quick movement by an offensive player without the ball to gain an advantageous position is a cut. A legal attempt by
an offensive player to stop an opponent from guarding a teammate, by standing in the defender's way such that the
teammate cuts next to him, is a screen or pick. The two plays are combined in the pick and roll, in which a player
sets a pick and then "rolls" away from the pick towards the basket. Screens and cuts are very important in offensive
plays; these allow the quick passes and teamwork which can lead to a successful basket. Teams almost always have
several offensive plays planned to ensure their movement is not predictable. On court, the point guard is usually
responsible for indicating which play will occur.
Defensive and offensive structures, and positions, are more emphasized in higher levels in basketball; it is these that
a coach normally requests a time-out to discuss.
Shooting
Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the
basket, methods varying with players and situations.
Typically, a player faces the basket with both feet facing the basket. A player
will rest the ball on the fingertips of the dominant hand (the shooting arm)
slightly above the head, with the other hand supporting the side of the ball. The
ball is usually shot by jumping (though not always) and extending the shooting
arm. The shooting arm, fully extended with the wrist fully bent, is held stationary
for a moment following the release of the ball, known as a follow-through.
Players often try to put a steady backspin on the ball to absorb its impact with the
rim. The ideal trajectory of the shot is somewhat controversial, but generally a
proper arc is recommended. Players may shoot directly into the basket or may
use the backboard to redirect the ball into the basket.
Player releases a short jump shot,
while her defender is either knocked
down, or trying to "take a charge."
The two most common shots that use the above described setup are the
set-shot and the jump-shot. The set-shot is taken from a standing
position, with neither foot leaving the floor, typically used for free
throws, and in other circumstances whilst the jump-shot is taken in
mid-air, the ball released near the top of the jump. This provides much
greater power and range, and it also allows the player to elevate over
the defender. Failure to release the ball before the feet return to the
floor is considered a traveling violation.
Another common shot is called the lay-up. This shot requires the
player to be in motion toward the basket, and to "lay" the ball "up" and
into the basket, typically off the backboard (the backboard-free,
underhand version is called a finger roll). The most crowd-pleasing and typically highest-percentage accuracy shot is
the slam dunk, in which the player jumps very high and throws the ball downward, through the basket whilst
touching it.
Basketball falling through hoop
Another shot that is becoming common[citation needed] is the "circus shot". The circus shot is a low-percentage shot
that is flipped, heaved, scooped, or flung toward the hoop while the shooter is off-balance, airborne, falling down,
and/or facing away from the basket. A back-shot is a shot taken when the player is facing away from the basket, and
Basketball
may be shot with the dominant hand, or both; but there is a very low chance that the shot will be successful.
A shot that misses both the rim and the backboard completely is referred to as an air-ball. A particularly bad shot, or
one that only hits the backboard, is jocularly called a brick.
Rebounding
The objective of rebounding is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or free
throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard. This plays a major role in the game, as most possessions end
when a team misses a shot. There are two categories of rebounds: offensive rebounds, in which the ball is recovered
by the offensive side and does not change possession, and defensive rebounds, in which the defending team gains
possession of the loose ball. The majority of rebounds are defensive, as the team on defense tends to be in better
position to recover missed shots.
Passing
A pass is a method of moving the ball between players. Most passes are accompanied by a step forward to increase
power and are followed through with the hands to ensure accuracy.
A staple pass is the chest pass. The ball is passed directly from the passer's chest to the receiver's chest. A proper
chest pass involves an outward snap of the thumbs to add velocity and leaves the defence little time to react.
Another type of pass is the bounce pass. Here, the passer bounces the ball crisply about two-thirds of the way from
his own chest to the receiver. The ball strikes the court and bounces up toward the receiver. The bounce pass takes
longer to complete than the chest pass, but it is also harder for the opposing team to intercept (kicking the ball
deliberately is a violation). Thus, players often use the bounce pass in crowded moments, or to pass around a
defender.
The overhead pass is used to pass the ball over a defender. The ball is released while over the passer's head.
The outlet pass occurs after a team gets a defensive rebound. The next pass after the rebound is the outlet pass.
The crucial aspect of any good pass is it being difficult to intercept. Good passers can pass the ball with great
accuracy and they know exactly where each of their other teammates prefers to receive the ball. A special way of
doing this is passing the ball without looking at the receiving teammate. This is called a no-look pass.
Another advanced style of passing is the behind-the-back pass which, as the description implies, involves throwing
the ball behind the passer's back to a teammate. Although some players can perform such a pass effectively, many
coaches discourage no-look or behind-the-back passes, believing them to be difficult to control and more likely to
result in turnovers or violations.
13
Basketball
14
Dribbling
Dribbling is the act of bouncing the ball
continuously with one hand, and is a
requirement for a player to take steps
with the ball. To dribble, a player
pushes the ball down towards the
ground with the fingertips rather than
patting it; this ensures greater control.
When dribbling past an opponent, the
dribbler should dribble with the hand
farthest from the opponent, making it
more difficult for the defensive player
to get to the ball. It is therefore
important for a player to be able to
dribble competently with both hands.
Good dribblers (or "ball handlers") tend
to bounce the ball low to the ground,
reducing the distance of travel of the
ball from the floor to the hand, making
it more difficult for the defender to
"steal" the ball. Good ball handlers
frequently dribble behind their backs,
between their legs, and switch
directions suddenly, making a less
predictable dribbling pattern that is
more difficult to defend against. This is
called a crossover, which is the most
effective way to move past defenders
while dribbling.
A demonstration of the basic types of dribbling in basketball.
A U.S. Naval Academy ("Navy")
player, left, posts up a U.S. Military
Academy ("Army") defender.
A skilled player can dribble without
watching the ball, using the dribbling motion or peripheral vision to keep track of the ball's location. By not having
to focus on the ball, a player can look for teammates or scoring opportunities, as well as avoid the danger of having
someone steal the ball away from him/her.
Blocking
A block is performed when, after a shot is attempted, a defender succeeds in altering the shot by touching the ball. In
almost all variants of play, it is illegal to touch the ball after it is in the downward path of its arc; this is known as
goaltending. It is also illegal under NBA and Men's NCAA basketball to block a shot after it has touched the
backboard, or when any part of the ball is directly above the rim. Under international rules it is illegal to block a shot
that is in the downward path of its arc or one that has touched the backboard until the ball has hit the rim. After the
ball hits the rim, it is again legal to touch it even though it is no longer considered as a block performed.
To block a shot, a player has to be able to reach a point higher than where the shot is released. Thus, height can be an
advantage in blocking. Players who are taller and playing the power forward or center positions generally record
more blocks than players who are shorter and playing the guard positions. However, with good timing and a
sufficiently high vertical leap, even shorter players can be effective shot blockers.
Basketball
15
Height
At the professional level, most male players are above 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) and most women above 5 feet
7 inches (1.70 m). Guards, for whom physical coordination and ball-handling skills are crucial, tend to be the
smallest players. Almost all forwards in the men's pro leagues are 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m) or taller. Most centers are
over 6 feet 10 inches (2.08 m) tall. According to a survey given to all NBA teams, the average height of all NBA
players is just under 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m), with the average weight being close to 222 pounds (101 kg). The tallest
players ever in the NBA were Manute Bol and Gheorghe Mureşan, who were both 7 feet 7 inches (2.31 m) tall. The
tallest current NBA player is Hasheem Thabeet, who stands at 7 feet 3 inches (2.21 m). At 7 feet 2 inches (2.18 m),
Margo Dydek was the tallest player in the history of the WNBA.
The shortest player ever to play in the NBA is Muggsy Bogues at 5 feet 3 inches (1.60 m). Other short players have
thrived at the pro level. Anthony "Spud" Webb was just 5 feet 7 inches (1.70 m) tall, but had a 42-inch (1.07 m)
vertical leap, giving him significant height when jumping. While shorter players are often not very good at defending
against shooting, their ability to navigate quickly through crowded areas of the court and steal the ball by reaching
low are strengths.
Variations and similar games
Variations of basketball are activities based on the game of
basketball, using common basketball skills and equipment (primarily
the ball and basket). Some variations are only superficial rules
changes, while others are distinct games with varying degrees of
basketball influences. Other variations include children's games,
contests or activities meant to help players reinforce skills.
There are principal basketball sports with variations on basketball
including Wheelchair basketball, Water basketball, Beach basketball,
Slamball, Streetball and Unicycle basketball. An earlier version of
Schoolgirls shooting hoops among the Himalayas
basketball was Six-on-six basketball played until the end of the 1950s.
in Dharamsala, India.
Horseball is a game played on horseback where a ball is handled and
points are scored by shooting it through a high net (approximately 1.5m×1.5m). The sport is like a combination of
polo, rugby, and basketball. There is even a form played on donkeys known as Donkey basketball, but that version
has come under attack from animal rights groups.
Half-court
Perhaps the single most common variation of basketball is the
half-court game, played in informal settings without referees or
strict rules. Only one basket is used, and the ball must be
"cleared" – passed or dribbled outside the three-point line each
time possession of the ball changes from one team to the other.
Half-court games require less cardiovascular stamina, since
players need not run back and forth a full court. Half-court raises
the number of players that can use a court or, conversely, can be
played if there is an insufficient number to form full 5-on-5
teams.
MECVOLLEYBALL GROUND
Half-court basketball is usually played 1-on-1, 2-on-2 or 3-on-3. The latter variation is gradually gaining
official recognition as 3x3, originally known as FIBA 33. It was first tested at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games in
Macau and the first official tournaments were held at the 2009 Asian Youth Games and the 2010 Youth
Basketball
16
Olympics, both in Singapore. The first FIBA 3x3 Youth World Championships were held in Rimini, Italy in
2011, with the first FIBA 3x3 World Championships for senior teams following a year later in Athens. The
sport is highly tipped to become an Olympic sport as early as 2016.
There are also other basketball sports, such as:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
21 (also known as American, cutthroat and roughhouse)
42
Around the world
Bounce
Firing Squad
Fives
H-O-R-S-E
Hotshot
Knockout
One-shot conquer
Steal The Bacon
Tip-it
Tips
• "The One"
• Basketball War.
• One-on-One, a variation in which two players will use only a small section of the court (often no more than a half
of a court) and compete to play the ball into a single hoop. Such games tend to emphasize individual dribbling
and ball stealing skills over shooting and team play.
Wheelchair basketball
Wheelchair basketball, created by disabled World War II veterans, is played on specially designed wheelchairs
for the physically impaired. The world governing body of wheelchair basketball is the International
Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF).
Water basketball
Water basketball, played in a swimming pool, merges basketball and water polo rules.
Beach basketball
A modified version of basketball, played on beaches, was invented by Philip Bryant. Beach basketball is
played in a circular court with no backboard on the goal, no out-of-bounds rule with the ball movement to be
done via passes or 2½ steps, as dribbling is next to impossible on a soft surface.[20]
Beach basketball has grown to a very popular, widespread competitive sport. 15 Annual World Championships have
been organized.
Dunk Hoops
Dunk Hoops (aka Dunk Ball) is a variation of the game of basketball, played on basketball hoops with lowered
(under basketball regulation 10 feet) rims. It originated when the popularity of the slam dunk grew and was
developed to create better chances for dunks with lowered rims and using altered goaltending rules.
Slamball
Slamball is full-contact basketball, with trampolines. Points are scored by playing the ball through the net, as
in basketball, though the point-scoring rules are modified. The main differences from the parent sport is the
court; below the padded basketball rim and backboard are four trampolines set into the floor which serve to
propel players to great heights for slam dunks. The rules also permit some physical contact between the
members of the four-player teams.
Basketball
17
Streetball
Streetball is a less formal variant of basketball, played on playgrounds and in gymnasiums across the world.
Often only one half of the court is used, but otherwise the rules of the game are very similar to those of
basketball. The number of participants in a game, or a run, may range from one defender and one person on
offense (known as one on one) to two full teams of five each. Streetball is a very popular game worldwide, and
some cities in the United States have organized streetball programs, such as midnight basketball. Many cities
also host their own weekend-long streetball tournaments.
Unicycle Basketball
Unicycle basketball is played using a regulation basketball on a regular basketball court with the same rules,
for example, one must dribble the ball whilst riding. There are a number of rules that are particular to unicycle
basketball as well, for example, a player must have at least one foot on a pedal when in-bounding the ball.
Unicycle basketball is usually played using 24" or smaller unicycles, and using plastic pedals, both to preserve
the court and the players' shins. In North America, popular unicycle basketball games are organized.[21]
Spin-offs from basketball that are now separate sports include:
• Korfball (Dutch: Korfbal, korf meaning 'basket') started in the Netherlands and is now played worldwide as a
mixed gender team ball game, similar to mixed netball and basketball
• Netball (formerly known as Women basketball but now played by both males and females), a limited-contact
team sport in which two teams of seven try to score points against one another by placing a ball through a high
hoop.
Social forms of basketball
Basketball has been adopted by various social groups, which have
established their own environments and sometimes their own rules.
Such socialized forms of basketball include the following.
• Recreational basketball, where fun, entertainment and camaraderie
rule rather than winning a game;
• Basketball Schools and Academies, where students are trained in
developing basketball fundamentals, undergo fitness and endurance
exercises and learn various basketball skills. Basketball students
learn proper ways of passing, ball handling, dribbling, shooting
Typical privately owned basketball hoop
from various distances, rebounding, offensive moves, defense,
layups, screens, basketball rules and basketball ethics. Also popular are the basketball camps organized for
various occasions, often to get prepared for basketball events, and basketball clinics for improving skills.
• College and University basketball played in educational institutions of higher learning.
• This includes National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) intercollegiate basketball.
• Disabled basketball played by various disabled groups, such as
• Bankshot basketball,
• Deaf basketball,
• Wheelchair basketball, a sport based on basketball but designed for disabled people in wheelchairs and
considered one of the major disabled sports practiced.
• Ethnic and Religion-based basketball: Examples of ethnic basketball include Indo-Pak or Russian or Armenian
leagues in the United States or Canada, for example, or Filipino expatriate basketball leagues in the Gulf or the
United States. Religion-based basketball includes, most notably, church-related Christian basketball leagues,
Jewish, Muslim and Hindu basketball leagues, and so on. or denominational leagues like Coptic, Syriac/Assyrian
basketball leagues in the United States or Canada.
Basketball
• Gay basketball played in gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender communities in gay basketball leagues. The
sport of basketball is a major part of events during the Gay Games, World Outgames and EuroGames.
• Midnight basketball, a basketball initiative to curb inner-city crime in the United States and elsewhere by
keeping urban youth off the streets and engaging them with sports alternatives to drugs and crime.
• Mini basketball played by underage children.
• Maxi Basketball played by more elderly individuals.
• Prison basketball, practiced in prisons and penitentiary institutions. Active religious basketball missionary
groups also play basketball with prisoners. Some prisons have developed their own prison basketball leagues. At
times, non-prisoners may play in such leagues, provided all home and away games are played within prison
courts. Film director Jason Moriarty has released a documentary relating to the sport, entitled Prison Ball.
• Rezball, short for reservation ball, is the avid Native American following of basketball, particularly a style of
play particular to Native American teams of some areas.
• School or High school basketball, the sport of basketball being one of the most frequently exercised and popular
sports in all school systems.
• Show basketball as performed by entertainment basketball show teams, the prime example being the Harlem
Globetrotters. There are even specialized entertainment teams, including
• Celebrity basketball teams made of celebrities (actors, singers, and so on.) playing in their own leagues or in
public, often for entertainment and charity events;
• Midget basketball teams made up of athletes of short stature offering shows using basketball;
• Slamball offered as entertainment events.
Fantasy basketball
Fantasy basketball was inspired by fantasy baseball. Originally played by keeping track of stats by hand, it was
popularized during the 1990s after the advent of the Internet. Those who play this game are sometimes referred to as
General Managers, who draft actual NBA players and compute their basketball statistics. The game was popularized
by ESPN Fantasy Sports, NBA.com, and Yahoo! Fantasy Sports. Other sports websites provided the same format
keeping the game interesting with participants actually owning specific players.
References
[1] FAQs.org, James A. Naismith (http:/ / www. faqs. org/ sports-science/ Mo-Pl/ Naismith-James-A. html). Retrieved 2010.02.24.
[2] Thinkquest, Basketball (http:/ / library. thinkquest. org/ 10480/ b-ball. html). Retrieved 2009.01.20.
[3] Queen's Journal, vol. 31, no. 7, February 16, 1904; 105 years of Canadian university basketball, by Earl Zukerman, http:/ / www. cisport. ca/
e/ m_basketball/ story_detail. cfm?id=13618
[4] 2008–09 High School Athletics Participation Survey (http:/ / www. nfhs. org/ WorkArea/ linkit. aspx?LinkIdentifier=id& ItemID=3506)
NFHS.
[5] Street & Smith's SportsBusiness Journal, MLS attendance, TV viewership numbers slip (http:/ / www. sportsbusinessjournal. com/ article/
60481)
[6] Street & Smith's SportsBusiness Journal, NHL’s attendance, TV ratings both showing increases (http:/ / www. sportsbusinessjournal. com/
article/ 61172)
[7] Television New Zealand, BASKETBALL | NBA getting through tough times (http:/ / tvnz. co. nz/ basketball-news/
nba-getting-through-tough-times-2539976)
[8] FIBA Official Basketball Rules (2010) (http:/ / www. fiba. com/ asp_scripts/ downMana. asp?fileID=1260) Rule 4, Section 8.1 Retrieved
July 26, 2010
[9] NBA Official Rules (2009–2010) (http:/ / i. cdn. turner. com/ nba/ nba/ . element/ pdf/ 2. 0/ sect/ officiating/
Official_NBA_Rule_Rook_09-10. pdf) Rule 5, Section II, a. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
[10] 2009–2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules (http:/ / www. ncaapublications. com/ DownloadPublication. aspx?download=BR11. pdf)
Rule 5, Section 6, Article 1. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
[11] Rule 5, Section 5, Article 1
[12] NBA Official Rules (2009–2010) (http:/ / i. cdn. turner. com/ nba/ nba/ . element/ pdf/ 2. 0/ sect/ officiating/
Official_NBA_Rule_Rook_09-10. pdf) Rule 5, Section II, c. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
18
Basketball
[13] FIBA Official Basketball Rules (2010) (http:/ / www. fiba. com/ asp_scripts/ downMana. asp?fileID=1260) Rule 4, Section 8.4 Retrieved
July 26, 2010
[14] NBA Official Rules (2009–2010) (http:/ / i. cdn. turner. com/ nba/ nba/ . element/ pdf/ 2. 0/ sect/ officiating/
Official_NBA_Rule_Rook_09-10. pdf) Rule 5, Section II, b. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
[15] FIBA Official Basketball Rules (2010) (http:/ / www. fiba. com/ asp_scripts/ downMana. asp?fileID=1260) Rule 4, Section 8.7 Retrieved
July 26, 2010
[16] FIBA Official Basketball Rules (2010) (http:/ / www. fiba. com/ asp_scripts/ downMana. asp?fileID=1260) Rule 3, Section 4.2.2 Retrieved
July 26, 2010
[17] NBA Official Rules (2009–2010) (http:/ / i. cdn. turner. com/ nba/ nba/ . element/ pdf/ 2. 0/ sect/ officiating/
Official_NBA_Rule_Rook_09-10. pdf) Rule 3, Section I, a. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
[18] 2009–2011 Men's & Women's Basketball Rules (http:/ / www. ncaapublications. com/ DownloadPublication. aspx?download=BR11. pdf)
Rule 10, Section 2, Article 6. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
[19] Rule 10, Section 1, Article 6
[20] (http:/ / www. beachbasketball. com/ ) Beachbasketball.com web site
[21] Comcast SportsNet Feature about Berkeley Unicycle Basketball (http:/ / bayarea. comcastsportsnet. com/ UncoveredVid.
jsp?bcpid=1274025926& bclid=1313706243& bctid=1432781480)
General references
• National Basketball Association (2001). "Official Rules of the National Basketball Association" (http://www.
nba.com/analysis/rules_index.html). Archived (http://web.archive.org/web/20040716070307/http://www.
nba.com/analysis/rules_index.html) from the original on July 16, 2004. Retrieved July 16, 2004.
• International Basketball Federation (June 2004). Official Basketball Rules (http://www.fiba.com/asp_includes/
download.asp?file_id=327).
• Reimer, Anthony (June 2005). "FIBA vs North American Rules Comparison" (http://www.fiba.com/
asp_includes/download.asp?file_id=518). FIBA Assist (14): 40–44.
• Bonsor, Kevin. "How Basketball Works: Who's Who" (http://health.howstuffworks.com/basketball2.htm).
HowStuffWorks. Archived (http://web.archive.org/web/20060101034243/http://health.howstuffworks.com/
basketball2.htm) from the original on January 01 2006. Retrieved January 11, 2006.
Further reading
• Adolph H, Grundman (2004). The golden age of amateur basketball: the AAU Tournament, 1921–1968 (http://
books.google.ca/books?id=kHVGigFqcNkC&lpg=PP1&dq=Basketball&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true).
University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-7117-4.
• Batchelor, Bob (2005). Basketball in America: from the playgrounds to Jordan's game and beyond (http://books.
google.ca/books?id=v8r__pvCopgC&lpg=PP1&dq=history of Basketball&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true).
Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7890-1613-3.
• Brown, Donald H (2007). A Basketball Handbook (http://books.google.ca/books?id=YJmsqtj-rh4C&
lpg=PA6&dq=history of Basketball&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true). AuthorHouse.
ISBN 978-1-4259-6190-9.
• Forrest C, Allen (1991). All you wanted to know about Basketball (http://books.google.ca/
books?id=FMbE6oVIP-0C&lpg=PP1&dq=Basketball&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true). Sterling publishing.
ISBN 81-207-2576-X.
• Grundy, Pamela; Susan Shackelford (2005). Shattering the glass: the remarkable history of women's basketball
(http://books.google.ca/books?id=ZfS_3MUPBXoC&lpg=PP1&dq=history of Basketball&
pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true). New Press. ISBN 1-56584-822-5.
• Herzog, Brad (2003). Hoopmania: The Book of Basketball History and Trivia (http://books.google.ca/
books?id=oH8uK4Sn_BoC&lpg=PP1&dq=history of Basketball&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true). Rosen
Pub. Group. ISBN 0-8239-3697-X.
• Simmons, Bill (2009). The book of basketball: the NBA according to the sports guy (http://books.google.ca/
books?id=-4IMN7pCebwC&lpg=PA269&dq=history of Basketball&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true).
Ballantine/ESPN Books. ISBN 978-0-345-51176-8.
19
Basketball
• Naismith, James (1941 "1996"). Basketball: its origin and development (http://books.google.ca/
books?id=yDKtaGdhZncC&lpg=PP1&dq=James Naismith&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true). University of
Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-8370-9.
External links
Historical
• Naismith Museum & Basketball Hall of Fame – Almonte, ON (http://www.naismithmuseum.com/)
• Basketball Hall of Fame – Springfield, MA (http://www.hoophall.com/)
• Hometown Sports Heroes (http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/pm.php?id=story_line&lg=English&fl=0&
ex=00000176&sl=3555&pos=1)
Organizations
• Basketball at the Olympic Games (http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/index_uk.
asp?SportCode=BK)
• International Basketball Federation (http://www.fiba.com/)
• National Basketball Association (http://www.nba.com/)
• Women's National Basketball Association (http://www.wnba.com/)
• Continental Basketball Association (oldest professional basketball league in the world) (http://www.
cbahoopsonline.com/)
• National Wheelchair Basketball Association (http://www.nwba.org/)
Other
•
•
•
•
•
•
Basketball (http://www.dmoz.org/Sports/Basketball/) at the Open Directory Project
Basketball (http://dir.yahoo.com/Recreation/Sports/Basketball/) at the Yahoo! Directory
Basketball.com website (http://www.basketball.com/)
Eurobasket website (http://www.eurobasket.com/)
Basketball-Reference.com: Basketball Statistics, Analysis and History (http://www.basketball-reference.com/)
Ontario historical plaque – Dr. James Naismith (http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques_JKL/
Plaque_Lanark03.html)
20
Basketball moves
Basketball moves
Basketball moves are generally individual actions used by players in basketball to pass by defenders to gain access
to the basket or to get a clean pass to a teammate to score a two pointer or three pointer.
Dribbling
Dribbling is bouncing the ball continuously with one hand at a time without ever holding the ball. Dribbling is
required in order for a player to take steps while possessing the ball.
Crossover dribble
In a crossover dribble, the ball handler changes the ball from one hand to the other using a single dribble. The
crossover is a fundamental dribbling technique in basketball used to keep the ball in the hand furthest from the
defender (preventing a steal) while maintaining a desired speed and orientation on the court. It is very efficient when
executing a drive. Make the crossover, get around your defender, and drive to the basket.
Between the legs
This is a commonly-used variation of the crossover in which the ballhandler bounces the ball off of the floor between
his legs and catches it with the other hand on the opposite side of his body. It is used as a safer way to cross over
while directly facing a defender, but requires more slowing of forward momentum than the crossover dribble.
Behind the back
This advanced dribbling technique involves dribbling the ball behind the back either once (as a form of crossover) or
continuously. Dribbling once or a few times in this way can be effective in a given situation, but doing so for
prolonged periods of time brings dangers of losing the ball or having it stolen and is usually only done for show.
Also used to get past defenders.
Wraparound
The wraparound is like a behind-the-back except instead of the ball being thrown in a sideways direction and
bouncing behind the ballhandler's back, it is swung further around the back and thrown in a forward direction,
bouncing on the side or in front of the ballhandler's body. This move is mostly used when a defender lunges toward
one side of the ballhandler's body for a steal. The ballhandler would then simply throw the ball around his body and
quickly pass his defender.
After the dribble
Euro step
The Euro step (sometimes "Eurostep") is a move developed in European basketball in which a player, after picking
up his dribble, takes a step in one direction, and then quickly takes a second step in the other direction before
attempting a layup. It is an attempt to evade at least one defender before attacking the basket.
Šarūnas Marčiulionis, a Lithuanian, is generally credited with bringing the move to the NBA. It was popularized in
North America by Manu Ginóbili, an Argentine who arrived in the NBA from the Italian league, and has since been
used by many US-born players, such as Dwyane Wade
21
Basketball moves
Pro Hop
The combination of a euro step and a jump-stop, the pro-hop is a move in which a player picks up their dribble with
a synchronized right hand dribble/right foot step, or... a synchronized left hand dribble with left foot step. The player
then rips the ball to the opposite side of their body while landing on a jump-stop. The pro hop's ability to split
defenders, or throw an opposing defender off rhythm through 'change of direction speed' is a move popularized by
Shantay Legans, former point guard for University of California at Berkeley.
Pro-hop Euro Step
It is a pro-hop, without landing on a jump stop. Player picks up their dribble with a synchronized right hand
dribble/right foot step, or a left hand dribble with left foot step. Player then rips the ball to opposite side of their body
(behind the back if skilled), takes two steps, and finishes with a reverse layup.
Power Up
The power up is a move in which the player lands on their outside foot then inside foot, and powers up toward the
basket. An effective move because of its balance and power resulting from a two foot gather and take off.
Pump Fake
The pump fake is used when the player with the ball pretends like they will shoot by bringing the ball up in a
shooting motion then bringing it down fast to make the defense think the player will shoot it.
Passes
Bounce pass
The bounce pass is a fundamental and very effective passing technique. This pass consists of one player passing the
ball to a teammate by bouncing the ball off the floor with great energy. Because the ball will be at ground level as it
passes a defender, a successful bounce pass can easily result in a scoring assist because a bounce pass is harder for
defenders to intercept. Still, a bounce pass may be intercepted due to its slower speed. Thus, a player must use his
best judgment when he decides whether to make such a pass. The move has to be executed perfectly because a
bounce pass may be kicked by rapidly-shifting players and might be a difficult catch for the intended receiver.
Chest pass
This pass is performed best by stepping towards your target with one foot, then throwing the ball out towards their
chest with two hands while turning the hands over, ending with the thumbs pointing down. It is best used in the open
court and on the perimeter.
Overhead pass
An overhead pass is another fundamental passing technique. It is used by snapping the ball over the head, like a
soccer throw-in. This pass is especially effective in helping to initiate a fast break. After a defensive rebound, a
well-thrown overhead, or outlet, pass can allow a breaking offensive player to quickly score without even dribbling
by catching the ball near the basket.
22
Basketball moves
Touch pass
A touch pass is an advanced passing technique in which a prior pass or a loose ball is immediately redirected to
another player by tipping or slapping the ball. This is the quickest pass in basketball and is therefore very effective
when executed correctly.
Baseball pass
The baseball pass or lance pass is a long pass in which the passer throws the ball with one hand, as if it were a
baseball or a football. It is infrequently used, mainly to set up last-second plays off a baseline inbounding situation.
Jump pass
A jump pass is a pass performed while the passing player's feet are off the floor. When done intentionally, usually
when a teammate gets open during the shot, it can sometimes confuse the defender, causing him to believe that the
passer is shooting instead of passing. At times, however, it is done as a result of the player having their shooting lane
blocked and often leads to the player turning the ball over to the opposing team. This kind of pass is risky to execute,
and the chances of perfectly passing the ball to an open teammate are considerably low, as it leaves the offensive
player very vulnerable to turnovers.
Blind pass
Also known as a no-look pass, the blind pass is performed when a player looks in one direction but passes the ball to
his target in another direction. Blind passes are risky and infrequently attempted, but when done correctly, can
confuse the defense. The no-look pass has been popularized by players such as Pete Maravich, Isiah Thomas, Magic
Johnson, Larry Bird, Jason Kidd, Rajon Rondo, Michael Jordan, John Stockton,Ricky Rubio and Steve Nash.
Behind-the-back
Behind-the-back passes are passes dealt to a target behind the passer's back. Usually done to confuse the defender,
behind the back passes can either be bounced off the floor or passed directly to a teammate's chest. However, most
behind-the-back passes are direct. Earl Monroe was famous for this move. Steve Nash uses this move often, and
Chris Webber is famed for using this move down in the paint.
Elbow pass
Introduced with much hype by Jason Williams, the elbow pass is one of the most difficult trick passes to execute.
The elbow pass serves as a devastating complement to the behind-the-back pass and can be used with various
no-look elements. Most effective on a fast-break, the elbow pass entails what appears to the defender to be a simple
behind-the-back pass, but as the ball crosses the passer's back, the passer hits it with his elbow, redirecting the ball
back toward the side it started on and hopefully leaving the defender(s) amazed and out of position. Williams was
able to pull off this pass at a full sprint during a Rookie All-Star game, but most players have trouble hitting the ball
with their elbow while standing still.
23
Basketball moves
Two person game
Give and go
"Give and Go" is an offensive play that involves passing the ball (give) and then running (go) to an open spot to
receive the ball back, usually near the basket, for an easy score. This play can be effective when the defender pays
too much attention to the ball instead of the player who moves after passing the ball. This is also known as a
"One-Two" in street ball.
Pick and roll
"Pick and Roll" is an offensive play in which a player stops to screen (block) a defender for the teammate handling
the ball and then slips behind the defender to accept a pass as the handler makes a move towards the basket. In the
NBA, John Stockton and Karl Malone of the Utah Jazz are the quintessential pick and roll tandem and used this play
to great effect in the 1990s. Steve Nash and Amar'e Stoudemire when playing for the Phoenix Suns proved to be
extremely effective at the pick and roll throughout the 2000s. Tony Parker and Tim Duncan of The San Antonio
Spurs and Blake Griffin and Chris Paul of the Los Angeles Clippers are currently among the best pick and roll
tandems.
From the initial position of the pick and roll maneuver, the player who receives the ball has many different options as
to whether he/she passes it, or fakes and then goes for a jump shot.
Backdoor
A backdoor play is when a player without the ball gets behind the defense and receives a pass for an easy score. This
can be executed if the defenders are unaware of the open space behind them. Also, when a defender strongly
commits on defense (e.g. tries to steal or deny a pass), they are vulnerable to a backdoor play. This play is most
notably used by good shooters like Ray Allen of the Miami Heat or Rip Hamilton of the Chicago Bulls.
Alley-oop
24
Basketball moves
Aaron Harrison assists on an Aaron Gordon alley oop at the 2013 McDonald's All-American Boys Game
An alley-oop is an offensive play which involves one teammate lofting the ball up near the rim in anticipation of
another teammate jumping up to catch and dunk it. Because this move requires both teammates to know what the
other is thinking, the alley-oop is a rare but exciting play.
Shots
Layups
A layup is a two point attempt made by leaping from below, laying the ball up near the basket, and using one hand to
tip the ball over the rim and into the basket (layin) or to bank it off the backboard and into the basket (layup). The
motion and one-handed reach distinguish it from a jump shot. The layup is considered the most basic shot in
basketball.
An undefended layup is usually a high percentage shot. The main obstacle is getting near the rim and avoiding
blocks by taller defenders who usually stand near the basket. Common layup strategies are to create space, releasing
the ball from different spots or using an alternate hand. A player tall enough to reach over the rim might choose to
perform a more spectacular and higher percentage slam dunk (dropping or throwing the ball from above the rim)
instead.
To play a safer layup, you can hold it with two hands; that way it is harder to block and you take two steps, that
distinguishes it from the jump shot.
As the game has evolved through the years, so has the layup. Several different versions of the layup are used today.
Layups can be broadly categorized into two types: the underarm and the overarm. The underarm layup involves
using most of the wrist and the fingers to 'lay' the ball into the basket or off the board. The underarm layup is more
commonly known as the finger roll. Notable current NBA players who rely heavily on the underarm finger roll are
Mike Bibby and Dwyane Wade.
Finger-rolls today have many forms, including the Around the World which involves a complete circle around the
player before the layup and a variety of faking in the approach to the rim. A classic example is a play by former
Kings point guard Jason Williams during his time with Sacramento, in which Williams brings the ball behind his
back with his right hand, in a fake of a back pass, and then brings it front again with the same hand for the finish
(reminiscent of Bob Cousy who pioneered the move).
25
Basketball moves
The other layup is the overhand shot, similar to a jump shot but from considerably closer range. Overhand layups
almost always involved the use of the backboard. Players like Scottie Pippen (formerly of Chicago) and Karl Malone
(formerly Utah) have used this move to great effect.
Reverse Layup
Isaiah Hicks does a reverse layup at the 2013 McDonald's All-American Boys Game
A reverse layup is a layup that is finished on the opposite side of the court's split-line, than the player began the
attack on.
Finger roll
A finger roll is performed when a player shoots the ball with one hand during a layup and then lifts his fingers,
rolling the ball into the basket. The rotation produced provides the ball with a soft touch, and the ball will roll around
the rim and then drop into the basket. Former San Antonio Spurs guard "The Iceman" George Gervin was known for
having one of the best finger rolls in the game along with Lakers center Wilt Chamberlain. Michael Jordan and
Scottie Pippen are other notable practitioners, while former NBA star Jason Kidd is renowned for his smooth finger
rolls as well.
Tear drop
The tear drop, also called a runner or a floater, is usually performed by undersized players (mainly point guards). A
player usually starts the layup procedure a good distance away from the basket. The ball is generally released earlier
and in a higher arc than the normal layup. The ball should be away before the taller defender has the chance to block
it. The purpose of this shooting move is to make the defender miss blocking the ball as the ball is released from the
hand one moment sooner than expected. It is so-named because the ball drops down from the high point of the arc
26
Basketball moves
like a falling tear drop. Gary Payton of the Seattle SuperSonics and John Stockton of the Utah Jazz during their
primes, the former in the mid-to-late 90s and the latter in the early-to-mid 90s were considered to have the best tear
drops in the game. Tony Parker of the San Antonio Spurs frequently uses the tear drop with great success. Antawn
Jamison of the Los Angeles Lakers has one of the most highly effective tear drop shots in the league despite being a
power forward. Ben Gordon of the Detroit Pistons, Juan Carlos Navarro of FC Barcelona, Steve Nash of the Los
Angeles Lakers, Chris Paul of the Los Angeles Clippers, Rajon Rondo of the Boston Celtics, J.J. Barea from the
Minnesota Timberwolves, and Derrick Rose from the Chicago Bulls are currently known for the tear drop move.
Power stop/drive
Power drive is a continuous shooting move in which a player stops dribbling and makes a huge leap forward, while
securing the ball in both hands from the dribbling hand, then making a layup. The move is generally used as a layup
because the huge movement coming from the leap provides the momentum for the player to jump forward for a
layup. The move is a great way to squeeze the player under the basket for a fast layup.
Double clutch
A double clutch is a move associate with a layup or a dunk; it is a change of ball position in mid-air (similar to the
"up and under" move, but performed while the player is in the air). It is effectively used by many players, especially
those who are more athletic.
Bank shot
A bank shot in basketball is a shot that relies on the ball bouncing off the backboard and into the basket. It is
frequently used for mid-range jump shots from around a 45° angle and layups. It is not commonly used for
long-range shots or shots from the middle or near the baseline. The purpose of using the backboard is to try to hit the
backboard at an angle, thus slowing the speed of the ball and increasing its chances of falling into the hoop.
Researchers at North Carolina State University found that bank shots may be 20 percent more effective up to a
distance of about 12 feet than direct shots. Another term for a bank shot is "off the glass." NBA players known for
using the bank shot often are Sam Jones, George Gervin, Tim Duncan, Dwyane Wade, Dirk Nowitzki, Scottie
Pippen, and Kobe Bryant.
Putback and tip-in
A putback describes a situation where a player secures an offensive rebound, then immediately scores a basket. If the
player secures the rebound while in the air, for the shot to be considered a putback, the player can land on the ground
before shooting, but cannot dribble before taking the shot. If the player does not secure the rebound but instead taps
the ball into the basket, it is considered a tip-in. There is a point where the difference between a putback and a tip-in
is subjective (e.g., a one-handed rebound in the air followed by a shot before touching the ground). A putback jam is
a spectacular alternative to the tip-in, where the ball is slam-dunked off the rebound in the same motion. Josh Smith
and Kenyon Martin are the perfectors of the putback jam. It is also a primary source of scoring for All-Star center
Dwight Howard, who led the NBA in dunks in the 2008–2009, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 seasons.
Triple threat position and related moves
Triple threat is the position when a player facing a defender receives a pass but has not dribbled yet. The offensive
player's feet are slightly wider than shoulder width and slightly on the balls of his feet, his knees flexed, with both
hands on the basketball in front of him or almost resting on his thigh, presenting the defender with an opponent able
to move in any direction. One foot is held as the pivot and the other slightly ahead. From this, the player can choose
from three options: to jump-shoot, to dribble (drive) past the defender or to pass it to a teammate. There are also
options to get the defender out of his defensive stance by using jab steps and pump fakes.
27
Basketball moves
Jab step
A jab step, also known as side step, is performed when a player holds onto the ball before dribbling while his
non-pivot leg performs a jabbing forward or side motion. This move is used to test defender's defensive weaknesses
and stance. A combination of the pump fake, the drive, the shot and the crossover drive can be performed along with
the jab step to lure the opponent out of his defense. New York Knicks forward Carmelo Anthony is well known for
taking the jab step, as was 13-year pro Kiki Vandeweghe. When he does this, the defender falls off from his
defensive stance, creating a space between him and the defender, allowing him to take a quick mid-range jumper, a
three-pointer, or a drive "to the lane."
Pump fake
A pump fake (also called a shot fake) is a feigned attempt at a jump shot, restrained before the feet leave the ground.
The pump fake is a fundamental move in basketball, used to cause defenders to jump (known in basketball slang as
"lifting" the defender) or be shifted off-balance. Its main applications are in the low post area, where a player is
much more likely to have his or her shot blocked. On the perimeter, it is useful in creating open lanes to the basket
by "showing" the ball enough to entice a defender to attempt to block or steal it, allowing the dribbler to penetrate
easily. Kobe Bryant is known to be a master of the pump fake.
Drawing contact
An offensive move intended to produce a foul call on the defensive player. A typical strategy is to drive into a
defensive player whose feet are not stationary. When the two players make bodily contact, a blocking foul can be
called on the defensive player. If the defensive player has a set position (i.e., both feet are stationary and arms are not
in a downward motion), the contact can result in a charging foul against the offensive player (this is known as taking
the charge for the fouled defensive player). Another way of drawing contact is to pump fake and then jump towards
the defender, make contact and then shoot; this gets you to the foul line. If you make the basket (often made in the
paint), you get the basket and one foul shot.
Post up, related moves and shots
To "post up" is to establish a position in the low post, the area near the basket below the foul line, usually in order to
take advantage of a smaller defender. The offensive player usually faces away from the basket, so that his body can
protect the ball from the defender. From this position, options such as spinning or backing down the defender to
close in to the basket for better scoring opportunities become available.
Up and under
The up and under is a move consisting of two parts: a shot fake (the up) and a step-through (the under). First the
player with the ball fakes a shot by thrusting the ball above his head as if to take a shot, then when the defender
jumps in an attempt to block the shot, the offensive player steps by him and attempts a clear, unguarded shot.
Generally used by post players, Kevin McHale was considered a master of this move.[1]
28
Basketball moves
29
Hook shot
The hook shot is one of the most effective inside moves, but it is also quite
difficult to execute. A hook shot begins when the player puts his body
between the ball and the opponent. He then releases the ball towards the
basket with his outside hand in a "hook" motion. The hook shot and variations
such as the jump-hook and skyhook are effective because they are very
difficult for the defender to block, although it is harder to hit the shot with
precision. The advantage the hook shot offers is the space it creates between
the offensive player and his defender. This extra space can reduce or
eliminate the advantages enjoyed by a taller defender. The hook shot is most
often used by post players because it is difficult to make the shot from a
distance. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar became the NBA's all-time leading scorer by
using his almost indefensible skyhook.
Mason Rocca making a hook shot for
Eldo Napoli, 2006
Turnaround jump shot
When a player posts up, in order to shoot he has to turn around to face the basket. This can be done by turning in the
air, timing the jump shot when the defender is not likely to jump and challenge the shot. Though a fade-away version
of this move was perfected by Larry Bird and Dirk Nowitzki, players such as Michael Jordan, Kobe Bryant, Hakeem
Olajuwon, and Kevin Garnett are also well known for it.
Fadeaway
A fadeaway shot is a variation on a set jump shot in which the shooter attempts his shot leaning backward, creating
the effect of "fading away" from his defender. This makes it more difficult for the defender to contest the shot. The
fadeaway usually has less range than a regular jump shot, because the ball has backwards momentum due to its
inertia, making it somewhat tougher to project the ball over long distances. Michael Jordan, Reggie Miller, Kobe
Bryant, Dwyane Wade, Dirk Nowitzki, Karl Malone, and Steve Nash are famous for their use of the fadeaway. Wilt
Chamberlain was criticized for his frequent use of the fadeaway jumper, since the follow-through usually carries the
shooter away from the basket and out of rebounding position.
Drop step
Also called a "reverse pivot," the drop step is a move in which the player posting up takes a back step on the side of a
defender behind him and spins to that side to gain leverage.
Double pivot
The double pivot involves faking twice on one direction with the ball and then going the opposite direction.
"Thinking twice is the way to go."
References
[1] Thorpe, David. Scouting breakdown: The game's best post players (http:/ / insider. espn. go. com/ nba/ insider/ columns/
story?columnist=thorpe_david& page=ScoutingPost), espn.com, accessed March 29, 2007.
Basketball moves
External links
• Rare Pete Maravich Film and Video (demonstrates "Wrist Pass") (http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=8Y5KAaercTI)
• Ankle-breaker examples
• IHoops Training
• How to shoot basketball guide (http://www.basketballjumptraining.com/how-to-shoot-a-basketball-guide)
30
Article Sources and Contributors
Article Sources and Contributors
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ACBest, AEMoreira042281, AKate96, ARKEANGEL, AStudent, AUBeastmaster, AWN2, Aandrew99, Aaron Schulz, Aaron bballer, AaronEnricoAanes, AaronY, Aaronzimroth, Abc1234pussy,
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32
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
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