alfabeto runico

Geography
1
Multicultural Britain
Festivals in Britain
Leggi il testo e rispondi alle domande.
Britain’s ethnic communities make it a very
culturally rich country. One of the many
things the different communities bring to
the country is a celebration of their
traditional festivals.
There are four countries in the United
Kingdom: England, Scotland, Wales and
Northern Ireland. The population of the UK is
58 million. British people speak English, but
there are many other languages, too. 20%
of the people in Wales speak Welsh, 17% of
Scottish people speak Gaelic and around
9% of the people from Northern Ireland
speak Irish.
2
Ascolta e leggi le informazioni su tre
festività. Abbina le foto al paragrafo
corrispondente.
T4.26
1
Britain has a very large ethnic community.
Nearly 30% of the population have origins
in West Indian and Asian countries. This is
because of Britain’s colonial past. Common
languages in the Indian community are
Punjabi, Urdu and Hindi. Britain also has
a large Chinese community and in London
Chinese New Year is a very popular festival.
There are also large numbers of Europeans:
Italians, Poles and Greeks. 49% of the people
in London speak a second language as well
as English.
2
1 How many countries are there in the
United Kingdom?
2 What language do 17% of Scottish
people speak?
3 What are the origins of 30% of Britain’s
population?
4 What three languages are common in
Britain’s Indian community?
5 What is a very popular festival in London?
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3
A
La Madonna del Carmine Hello, I’m Laura. My family are originally from Parma. I’m British and I’m from
London. Every year there’s an important festival in Clerkenwell, the Italian
district of London. Clerkenwell has got an Italian church, St Peter’s. Every
summer it organises the celebration of La Madonna del Carmine. This is in July.
It starts in the morning with Mass at the church. Then there is a procession
with floats. Men carry the Madonna around the town centre and everyone
follows. At lunchtime there is a big feast in Little Italy. You can find all kinds of
Italian specialities, for example, pizza, foccacia and pasta.
B
-0 Diwali -0
Hi, I’m Prem and my family are from India. I’m from Coventry. Every year the
Indian community celebrates Diwali. This is the Indian Festival of Light and it
represents our New Year. The festival takes place in October or November.
Five days before the festival we decorate statues of our gods with new clothes
and jewellery. We put lights next to the statues and then put them next to the
doors of our houses. Then on our New Year’s Eve we have a big party, with
lots of food, music and fireworks.
C
e Chinese New Year f
Hi, my name’s Mei. My family is Chinese. I’m from London. Every year we
celebrate the Chinese New Year. It’s usually in January or February. There’s
always a big celebration in London. There’s a procession with a big dragon.
The dragon is an important symbol of China. Thousands of people come to
China Town in the centre of London. In the evening we have lots of fireworks.
3
Rispondi alle domande.
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2
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When is the Italian festival?
Which part of London is it in?
What is the name of the church?
What is Diwali?
When is Diwali?
What do people decorate at Diwali?
When is Chinese New Year?
Where is the Chinese festival?
Portfolio
Pensa all’Italia...
• Quanti abitanti ci sono?
• Ci sono comunità etniche?
• Da dove provengono?
• Hanno delle feste particolari?
Confronta le tue risposte con quelle del
compagno e poi prepara una breve
presentazione per la classe (25 – 35 parole).
13
a
'
History
7
Celtic Britain and the Rune alphabet
Britain’s history is rich and varied. The British people are from
a range of different tribes. One of these tribes was the Celts.
Here is a time line of their history.
1
Risolvi gli anagrammi e poi completa la linea del tempo
con i nomi dei luoghi. Usa le parole del riquadro come aiuto.
Poi ascolta e controlla.
T4.27
Scotland Iceland
England London
France Wales
Spain Ireland
Celtic Cross
500
475
55
54 62 –
43
62
43200–
300
432
BC
Celts from 1
[CRAFEN] travel across the English
Channel to Britain. The Celtic name for Britain is ‘Albion’.
BC
Celts from 2
[PNAIS] travel to Ireland.
BC
Julius Caesar and his Roman army arrive in 3
[DALGNEN].
BC
The Roman army fights the Celts; the Celts are brave and strong.
AD
Julius Caesar
AD
The Romans win a big battle and Emperor Claudius rides into Londinium
(or 4
) [NOOLDN] on an elephant.
AD
The Celts (with Queen Boudicca) fight the Roman army in Londinium;
the Celts win the battle.
AD
AD
The Celts live in the west of Britain: 5
[DRAINEL],
6
[DTNSOCAL], Wales and Cornwall in the
south west of England. Welsh, Gaelic and Cornish are all names of
Celtic languages from 7
[ALEWS], Ireland and
Cornwall. Cornish is similar to Breton (an old Celtic language from
Brittany in the north of France).
AD
In the northern country of 8
Odin creates the Rune alphabet. This is a
new alphabet with symbols and letters.
AD
14
In Ireland St Patrick draws a circle,
the Celtic symbol for the moon, on the
Christian cross and creates the first
Celtic cross.
[DALCIEN]
Saint Patrick
Queen Boudicca
Runes
Look at this message: “I ⽦ London”.
The ⽦ is a symbol. It means love. The Celts
used symbols (pictures), to write messages.
The symbols were also alphabet letters.
These letters are runes. The Rune alphabet
has got 24 letters. Some symbols
corrispond to letters in our alphabet.
This rune is the Celtic letter
‘L’. It also means ‘water’.
This rune is the Celtic letter
‘D’. It also means ‘morning’
or ‘the start of the day’.
2
Guarda l’alfabeto runico sulla sinistra.
Ci sono le lettere del tuo nome nell’alfabeto
runico?
Yes
3
f
o
j
x
u
r
e
d
■
No
■
Decifra le parole e mettile nella categoria
corretta.
1
6
2
7
3
8
4
9
5
s
k
t
People
w
Colours
Animals
g
b
n
i
Objects
4
Usa l’alfabeto runico per scrivere altre tre
parole.
English word
l
h
m
p
Rune
1
2
3
15
Science
The Animal Kingdom
There are six basic groups of animals. These are: mammals, birds,
amphibians, reptiles, insects and fish. The groups are different in many ways.
1
Ascolta e leggi il brano. Poi scrivi la classe corretta sotto ogni figura
e abbina l’immagine al testo.
T4.28
Amphibians
Fish
Mammals
Insects
A They are the only animals with fur or
hair on their bodies. They drink milk from
their mothers when they are young. They are
vertebrates. This means they’ve got a backbone.
They give birth to live young; they don’t lay
eggs. They are warm-blooded. Monkeys,
elephants, cows and sheep are mammals.
We are mammals, too.
B They are vertebrates and they are also
Reptiles
Birds
1
2
warm-blooded. They’ve got feathers and
wings, so they can usually fly. They haven’t
got teeth or mouths, but they’ve got beaks.
They lay eggs and they often build nests.
Penguins, owls and pigeons are all birds.
fur
C They are vertebrates, but they are cold-
blooded. They lay eggs and their young are
born in water. Their body shape changes a lot
as they grow. They eat insects. They live in or
near water. Frogs and toads are amphibians.
3
beak
D They are vertebrates and they are also
cold-blooded. Most of them lay eggs. Their
skin is very hard. They usually live in hot
countries. Some are very dangerous.
Crocodiles, snakes and lizards are reptiles.
nest
4
feather
16
wing
skin
E They are invertebrates. They haven’t got
a backbone. They usually have six legs and
some have wings. The majority lay eggs, but
some give birth to live young. Beetles,
cockroaches and ants are all insects.
F They are vertebrates and they are also
cold-blooded. They live in water and cannot
live on land. They don’t give birth to live
young; they lay eggs. Examples of fish are
goldfish, sharks and trout.
5
6
fly
2
Ora fai una lista di tutti gli animali menzionati nel testo e mettili nella colonna
corretta. Fai attenzione: alcuni animali possono comparire in più di una colonna.
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
Warm-blooded
Cold-blooded
3
Vero (T) o falso (F)? Correggi le affermazioni
false.
1 Mammals have got fur or hair on
their bodies.
2 All birds have wings.
3 Amphibians live in or near water.
4 Some reptiles are very dangerous.
5 Insects have eight legs.
6 Fish are invertebrates.
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■
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Portfolio
Pensa all’Italia e rispondi alle domande.
Poi usa le tue risposte per scrivere un
paragrafo sugli animali in Italia
(25 – 35 parole).
• Quali uccelli, mammiferi o rettili si
trovano in Italia?
• Qual è il tuo animale selvatico preferito?
Dove vive? Di che cosa si nutre?
17
Maths
Conversions
1
In coppie, fatevi domande e rispondete.
• How much money have you got in your
pocket / bag?
• How far do you travel to school?
• How much do you weigh?
• How tall are you?
• How much water do you drink in a day?
British money
2
9
3
10
Calcola quante monete e banconote ti
servono per comprare gli oggetti seguenti.
Usa il minor numero possibile di monete
e banconote.
Leggi il testo sulla valuta inglese e scrivi il
valore sotto ciascuna figura.
1
The currency in the UK is pounds (£) and pence (p).
The proper name for the pound is ‘the pound sterling’.
There are 100 p in a pound. The face of the king
or queen is always on British notes and coins.
The colours of the coins and notes are:
The 1p (called ‘one pee’) and 2 p (‘two pee’) coins
are copper.
The 5 p, 10 p, 20 p and 50 p coins are silver.
The £ 1 coin is gold.
The £ 2 coin is gold and silver.
The £ 5 note is blue.
The £ 10 note is brown.
The £ 20 is purple and the £ 50 is red.
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3
5
4
1
2
3
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5
6
1
4
2
5
3
7
18
8
4
Distance
1 How many kilos are 112 pounds?
Leggi il testo e poi calcola le distanze in base
alle unità di misura del riquadro.
2 How many pounds are 10 kilos?
To speak about distance, British and American
people traditionally use miles (m), yards (yd),
feet (ft) and inches (in.). Speed limits are in miles
and in British cars you can see the speed in
miles. When people use a map to find the
distance between two places, it is in miles, not
kilometres (km). European law says all British
people must use kilometres, metres (m) and
centimetres (cm) for distance by 2009.
1 mile (m) = 1.61 km
1 yard (yd) = 91.44 cm
1 foot (ft) = 30.48 cm
1 inch (in.) = 2.54 cm
1
2
3
4
How long is 16 inches?
cm
How long is 7 feet?
m
cm
How long is 20 yards?
m
cm
How tall are you in feet and inches?
ft
in.
3 How many grams are 11 ounces?
4 How much is 72 lb 15 oz in kilos and
grams?
5 How much is a 500 g packet of pasta in
pounds?
Liquid measurements
6
Leggi il testo e poi calcola le misure per
i liquidi in base alle unità di misura del
riquadro.
The pint is the traditional form of liquid
measurement for the British. European law says
British people must use litres by the year 2009.
The British can use pints for two things after 2009
– beer and milk. In a pub, they can still ask for
‘a pint of beer’ and they can buy ‘a pint of milk’
in a shop.
1 gallon (gal.) = 4.55 litres
1 pint (pt) = 0.57 litres
Weight
5
Leggi il testo e poi calcola il valore dei pesi
in base alle unità di misura del riquadro.
Traditionally, the British use pounds (lb) and
stones (st) to measure weight. This is changing
to kilograms (kg), also called kilos and grams (g),
but many people still use pounds when they talk
about weights. Cookery books, scales and
supermarkets now use both pounds and
kilograms. There are 14 pounds in a stone and
16 ounces (oz) in one pound. The table shows the
conversion of pounds into metric measurements.
1 How much are 3 pints of beer in litres?
2 How much are 4 litres of milk in pints?
1 stone (st) = 6.36 kg
1 pound (lb) = 0.45 kg
1 ounce (oz) = 0.28 g
3 How much are 3 gallons of water in
litres?
4 How much are 15 litres of cola in pints?
5 How much are 75 gallons of coffee in
litres?
19
Science
Energy
1
Leggi e ascolta il testo sull’energia. Poi prepara una lista delle
diverse fonti di energia.
T4.29
Energy is fundamental for life. But what is energy and where do you
get it from?
• Humans get energy from food. Without energy we cannot walk,
run or think.
• Animals get energy from food, too.
• Plants get energy from the Sun. Sunlight helps them grow.
• A car gets energy from petrol.
• A TV gets energy from electricity.
• A yacht gets energy from the wind.
2
Ora guarda il diagramma.
Energy comes from the Sun.
We drink the milk and eat
the cow’s meat.
The energy cycle
Energy is all around you. Often,
you cannot see it, but all moving
things are using energy. Energy
comes from the Sun. Look at the
energy cycle.
The heat and light make
the grass grow.
The cow grows big and fat
and it produces milk.
A cow eats the grass.
20
Heat and light from the
Sun reach the Earth.
3
Experiment
Leggi e ascolta il testo e decidi se le
affermazioni sono vere (T) o false (F).
Correggi le affermazioni false.
T4.30
Make your own rainbow
Solar energy
You need:
Light is another type of energy. Light comes
from the Sun. Light travels very fast. The Sun
is millions of kilometres away, but it takes
nine minutes for the Sun’s light to reach
the Earth.
Sunlight looks white, but it is made up of
many different colours. When sunlight shines
through drops of water, you can see all the
different colours. This makes a rainbow.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4
Light is a type of energy.
Light doesn’t travel fast.
The Sun is millions of kilometres away.
Heat and light from the Sun don’t
reach the Earth.
It takes a long time for the Sun’s light
to reach the Earth.
Sunlight is made up of different
colours.
You can sometimes see the different
colours of sunlight.
When sunlight shines through water
it makes a rainbow.
• a dish with water • a small mirror
1
■
■
■
4
■
■
Put a dish next to a
window.
■
■
2
Don’t look at the
mirror. Hold a paper
above the dish.
■
Guarda l’esperimento a destra e rispondi
alle domande.
1 What colours can you see on the paper?
2 Does it look like a rainbow?
3 What are the seven colours of the
rainbow?
Portfolio
• a piece of paper
5
Put a mirror in it.
3
In coppie, preparate una lista delle cose
che richiedono energia. Di’ da dove pensi
che provenga l’energia che serve per farle
funzionare.
Per esempio: car – petrol
Move the mirror
around to reflect the
Sun onto the paper.
The mirror looks up
at the Sun.
21