2. Keep Essential Numbers on Speed Dial. 6. Keep The

‫ | سال نو میالدی‬36 ‫صفحه‬
2. Keep Essential Numbers on Speed Dial.
In the event of a flight delay or cancellation, you should get on the line
for your airline agent and call your carrier immediately to make another
reservation. That way, if the line ahead of you is long, you still have a chance
of getting on the next available flight. And if it looks like you'll be stuck
overnight, look into booking a nearby hotel right away. Maybe the airline
will have a contingency plan, but if they don’t, do you really want to sleep
at the airport?
3. Plan Your Carry-on Carefully.
Make a list of what you might need if you got delayed or stuck: a change
of clothes, essential medications and toiletries, extra snacks, and an iPad
with enough games and videos to entertain kids even with a long delay. And
don’t pack valuable gifts in your checked luggage in case your bags get lost.
4. Charge Your Devices.
Take the time to make sure all entertainment sources are 100 percent
charged to avoid mid-flight meltdowns. This is also a good time to look into
portable chargers.
5- Keep Your Kids Entertained.
Plan ahead and find ways to keep your kids entertained at every stage
of the trip: pre-load an iPad with a new movie they haven’t seen before;
bring a snack that seems like a treat but won’t send them into a mid-flight
or mid-car trip sugar high; pack a new book or toy; and if real drama breaks
out, have some sort of bribe handy to reward good behavior.)
6. Keep The Connections to a Minimum.
The more connections you add during holiday peak times, the more
likely you are to run into bad weather and overbooked flights. So try to
book one-flight options when you go away this time of year.
7. If You Can’t Get There, Try to Enjoy The Journey Anyway.
So you made the calls, cried to a gate agent, and pulled every travel
trick, but there is just no way you are getting to your destination for the
holidays. The solution: Make the best of it. If you are stuck at an airport on
the way to your final destination, book a room at a hotel that you wouldn’t
usually splurge on. You might end up having a fabulous holiday anyway.
7
Ways to Make Holiday
Travel with Kids Easier
Holiday travel is frequently a pain—and it can be even worse when you have kids in tow. But
it doesn't have to be: These seven tips will help you minimize headaches at the airport and on
the road.
1. Get to the Airport Really, Really Early.
This seems obvious, but many people still don’t calculate enough time to arrive at the airport in case of
delays. With traffic at a maximum before Thanksgiving and other major holidays, there are few things more
stressful than being at a standstill in the security line and knowing your flight is taking off soon. Give yourself
an extra hour or two.
‫ | سال نو میالدی‬37 ‫صفحه‬
Microsoft's Steve Ballmer is one of the world's richest
men but went for a fairly modest car. He's seen here with
the CEO of Ford, taking possession of the Hybrid Fusion.
The car retails for about $19,000.
Nike founder Phil Knight has a $120,000 Audi R8. Knight,
however, went for a bolder approach and got a black model
with a contrasting silver sideblade.
Super-rich clothier heir Francois-Henri Pinault shares his
Lexus SUV with his wife, Salma Hayek. New models run at
about $40,000 without customizations.
Laurene Powell Jobs, widow of the legendary Apple founder
Steve, drives a silver Audi A5 that's often seen parked
outside the family's home in Palo Alto. As a billionaire, she
can easily afford the $37,000 starting price.
Google tycoon Eric Schmidt has the most modest car
of all: a Toyota Prius. The environmentally-friendly cars
start at just $11,000.
New York's mayor and financial data mogul Michael
Bloomberg drives an Audi R8. The swanky car retails at
$120,000 and goes from 0 to 60 mph in just 3.2 seconds.
Billionaire Larry Ellison, founder of Oracle, is famous for
his many cars. Among his most prestigious is this McLaren
F1. In 1998, the car was declared the fastest ever to hit the
road and its invention is seen as revolutionary. Production
of the cars stopped that year and now they can fetch up to
$4.1 million each.
Warren Buffett is one of the world's richest men, but his
frugality is as well-known as his bank account. The investor
drives a Cadillac DTS, which he purchased to support thenflailing American company General Motors. The car retails
for around $45,000.
Mark Zuckerberg is often seen in a black Acura TSX. The
young billionaire has among the cheapest of the rides: the
car is valued at about $30,000.
Laptop mogul Michael Dell drives an edgy, 2004 Porsche
Boxter. Although a new model could cost you well above
$80,000, you could buy this model used for under $20,000.
Helu is the world's richest man, according to Forbes. The
Mexican telecom giant drives himself to work in his Bentley
Continental Flying Spur. the price tag on the car is more
than most houses at about $300,000.
Bill Gates' Porsche 959 Coupe is one of the only 230 in the
world. It took a federal law signed by then-president Bill
Clinton to allow the billionaire to drive the car because
there was no crash-test rating. The price for such a car is
over $400,000.
Alice Walton, heiress of the Wal-Mart fortune, is the
second-richest woman in the world. But her car of choice
is a simple 2006 Ford F-150 King Ranch. The trucks retail at
around $40,000.
Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Alsaud, member of the Saudi
royal family, drives a Rolls-Royce Phantom. The entry level
version of the prince's car costs $246,000.
Ingvard Kamprad is the founder of Ikea and is worth an
estimated $28 billion. But his ride of choice is as humble
as the furniture he sells: a 1993 Volvo 240. If the car sold
today, it would only be worth about $1500.
The Cars Driven
By the World's Richest People
Some of these vehicles are stars on their own, while others are only
notable because of the billionaire behind the wheel.
Sunday—Sun’s day
‫ | سال نو میالدی‬42 ‫صفحه‬
Middle English sone(n)day or sun(nen)day
Old English sunnandæg “day of the sun”
Germanic sunnon-dagaz “day of the sun”
Latin dies solis “day of the sun”
Ancient Greek hemera heli(o)u, “day of the sun”
Monday—Moon’s day
Middle English monday or mone(n)day
Old English mon(an)dæg “day of the moon”
Latin dies lunae “day of the moon”
Ancient Greek hemera selenes “day of the moon”
Tuesday—Tiu’s day
Middle English tiwesday or tewesday
Old English tiwesdæg “Tiw’s (Tiu’s) day”
Latin dies Martis “day of Mars”
Ancient Greek hemera Areos “day of Ares”
Tiu (Twia) is the English/Germanic god of war and the
sky. He is identified with the Norse god Tyr.
Mars is the Roman god of war.
Ares is the Greek god of war.
Wednesday—Woden’s day
Middle English wodnesday, wednesday, or
wednesdai
Old English wodnesdæg “Woden’s day”
Latin dies Mercurii “day of Mercury”
Ancient Greek hemera Hermu “day of Hermes”
Woden is the chief Anglo-Saxon/Teutonic god.
Woden is the leader of the Wild Hunt. Woden is from
wod “violently insane” + -en “headship”. He is
identified with the Norse Odin.
Mercury is the Roman god of commerce, travel,
theivery, eloquence and science. He is the messenger
of the other gods.
Hermes is the Greek god of commerce, invention,
cunning, and theft. He is the messenger and herald
of the other gods. He serves as patron of travelers
and rogues, and as the conductor of the dead to
Hades.
Thursday—Thor’s day
Middle English thur(e)sday
Old English thursdæg
Old Norse thorsdagr “Thor’s day”
Old English thunresdæg “thunder’s day”
Latin dies Jovis “day of Jupiter”
Ancient Greek hemera Dios “day of Zeus”.
Thor is the Norse god of thunder. He is represented
as riding a chariot drawn by goats and wielding the
hammer Miölnir. He is the defender of the Aesir,
destined to kill and be killed by the Midgard Serpent.
Jupiter (Jove) is the supreme Roman god and patron
of the Roman state. He is noted for creating thunder
and lightning.
Zeus is Greek god of the heavens and the supreme
Greek god.
Friday—Freya’s day
Middle English fridai
Old English frigedæg “Freya’s day”
composed of Frige (genetive singular of Freo) + dæg
“day” (most likely)
or composed of Frig “Frigg” + dæg “day” (least likely)
Germanic frije-dagaz “Freya’s (or Frigg’s) day”
Latin dies Veneris “Venus’s day”
Ancient Greek hemera Aphrodites “day of Aphrodite”
Freo is identical with freo, meaning free. It is from
the Germanic frijaz meaning “beloved, belonging to
the loved ones, not in bondage, free”.
Freya (Fria) is the Teutonic goddess of love, beauty,
and fecundity (prolific procreation). She is identified
with the Norse god Freya. She is leader of the
Valkyries and one of the Vanir. She is confused in
Germany with Frigg.
Frigg (Frigga) is the Teutonic goddess of clouds, the
sky, and conjugal (married) love. She is identified
with Frigg, the Norse goddess of love and the heavens
and the wife of Odin. She is one of the Aesir. She is
confused in Germany with Freya.
Venus is the Roman goddess of love and beauty.
Aphrodite (Cytherea) is the Greek goddess of love
and beauty.
Saturday—Saturn’s day
Middle English saterday
Old English sæter(nes)dæg “Saturn’s day”
Latin dies Saturni “day of Saturn”
Ancient Greek hemera Khronu “day of Cronus”
Saturn is the Roman and Italic god of agriculture and
the consort of Ops. He is believed to have ruled the
earth during an age of happiness and virtue.
The Seven-Day Week
and the Meanings
of the Names of the Days
The Babylonians marked time with lunar months.
They proscribed some activities during several days
of the month, particularly the
first—the first visible crescent,
seventh—the waxing half moon,
fourteenth—the full moon,
nineteenth—dedicated to an offended goddess,
twenty-first—the waning half moon,
twenty-eight—the last visible crescent,
twenty-ninth—the invisible moon, and
thirtieth (possibly)—the invisible moon.
The major periods are seven days, 1/4 month, long.
This seven-day period was later regularized and
disassociated from the lunar month to become the
‫ | سال نو میالدی‬43 ‫صفحه‬
seven-day week.
The Naming of the Days
The Greeks named the days week after the sun, the
moon and the five known planets, which were in
turn named after the gods Ares, Hermes, Zeus,
Aphrodite, and Cronus. The Greeks called the days
of the week the Theon hemerai “days of the Gods”.
The Romans substituted their equivalent gods for
the Greek gods, Mars, Mercury, Jove (Jupiter),
Venus, and Saturn. (The two pantheons are very
similar.) The Germanic peoples generally substituted
roughly similar gods for the Roman gods, Tiu (Twia),
Woden, Thor, Freya (Fria), but did not substitute
Saturn.
‫ | سال نو میالدی‬44 ‫صفحه‬
April—Aphrodite’s month
Old English April(is)
Latin Aprilis
Etruscan Apru
Greek Aphro, short for Aphrodite.
Aprilis had 30 days, until Numa when it had 29 days,
until Julius when it became 30 days long.
Aphrodite is the Greek goddess of love and beauty.
She is identified with the Roman goddess Venus.
May—Maia’s month
Old French Mai
Old English Maius
Latin Maius “of Maia”
Latin Maius mensis “month of Maia”
Maius has always had 31 days.
Maia (meaning “the great one”) is the Italic goddess
of spring, the daughter of Faunus, and wife of
Vulcan.
June—Juno’s month
Middle English jun(e)
Old French juin
Old English junius
Latin Junius “of Juno”
Latin Junius mensis “month of Juno”
Junius had 30 days, until Numa when it had 29 days,
until Julius when it became 30 days long.
Juno is the principle goddess of the Roman
Pantheon. She is the goddess of marriage and the
well-being of women. She is the wife and sister of
Jupiter. She is identified with the Greek goddess
Hera.
July—Julius Caesar’s month
Middle English Julie
Latin Julius “Julius”
Latin Julius mensis “month of Julius”
Latin quintilis mensis “fifth month”
Quintilis (and later Julius) has always had 31 days.
Julius Caesar reformed the Roman calendar (hence
the Julian calendar) in 46 BC. In the process, he
renamed this month after himself.
August—Augustus Caesar’s month
Latin Augustus “Augustus”
Latin Augustus mensis “month of Augustus”
Latin sextilis mensis “sixth month”
Sextilis had 30 days, until Numa when it had 29
days, until Julius when it became 31 days long.
Augustus Caesar clarified and completed the
calendar reform of Julius Caesar. In the process, he
also renamed this month after himself.
September—the seventh month
Middle English septembre
Latin September
Latin septem “seven” + -ber (adj. suffix)
Latin september mensis “seventh month”
September had 30 days, until Numa when it had 29
days, until Julius when it became 30 days long.
October—the eighth month
Middle English octobre
Latin October
Latin octo “eight” + -ber (adj. suffix)
Latin october mensis “eighth month”
October has always had 31 days.
November—the ninth month
Middle English Novembre
Latin November
Latin Novembris mensis “nineth month”
Novembris had 30 days, until Numa when it had 29
days, until Julius when it became 30 days long.
December—the tenth month
Middle English decembre
Old French decembre
Latin december “tenth month”
Latin decem “ten” + -ber (adj. suffix)
December had 30 days, until Numa when it had 29
days, until Julius when it became 31 days long.
A History of the
Months and the Meanings of their Names
The original Roman year had 10 named months
Martius “March”, Aprilis “April”, Maius “May”,
Junius “June”, Quintilis “July”, Sextilis “August”,
September “September”, October “October”,
November “November”, December “December”,
and probably two unnamed months in the dead of
winter when not much happened in agriculture.
The year began with Martius “March”. Numa
Pompilius, the second king of Rome circa 700 BC,
added the two months Januarius “January” and
Februarius “February”. He also moved the
beginning of the year from Marius to Januarius and
changed the number of days in several months to
be odd, a lucky number. After Februarius there was
occasionally an additional month of Intercalaris
“intercalendar”. This is the origin of the leap-year
day being in February. In 46 BC, Julius Caesar
reformed the Roman calendar (hence the Julian
calendar) changing the number of days in many
months and removing Intercalaris.
January—Janus’s month
Februa is the Roman festival of purification, held
on February fifteenth. It is possibly of Sabine
origin.
Intercalaris—inter-calendar month
Latin Intercalaris “inter-calendar”
Latin Mercedonius (popular name) “?”
Intercalaris had 27 days until the month was
abolished by Julius.
Middle English Januarie
Latin Januarius “of Janus”
Latin Janu(s) “Janus” + -arius “ary (pertaining to)”
Latin Januarius mensis “month of Janus”
Janus is the Roman god of gates and doorways,
depicted with two faces looking in opposite
directions. His festival month is January.
Januarius had 29 days, until Julius when it became
31 days long.
February—month of Februa
Middle English Februarius
Latin Februarius “of Februa”
Latin Februa(s) “Februa” + -arius “ary (pertaining to)”
Latin Februarius mensis “month of Februa”
Latin dies februatus “day of purification”
Februarius had 28 days, until circa 450 BC when it
had 23 or 24 days on some of every second year,
until Julius when it had 29 days on every fourth
year and 28 days otherwise.
‫ | سال نو میالدی‬45 ‫صفحه‬
March—Mars’ month
Middle English March(e)
Anglo-French March(e)
Old English Martius
Latin Martius “of Mars”
Latin Marti(s) “Mars” + -us (adj. suffix)
Latin Martius mensis “month of Mars”
Martius has always had 31 days.
March was the original beginning of the year, and
the time for the resumption of war.
Mars is the Roman god of war. He is identified with
the Greek god Ares.
Christmas and holiday season
Also called: Christmas season, Christmastime,
Holiday seasonn, The holidays, Festive season, Winter
holidays, Yuletide, New Year's holidays
The Christmas season, also called the holiday season
(especially in the U.S. and Canada), the festive season,
or simply the holidays, is an annually recurring period
recognized in many Western and Western-influenced
countries that is generally considered to run from late
November to early January, defined as incorporating at
least Christmas and usually New Year, and sometimes
various other holidays and festivals. It incorporates a
period of shopping which comprises a peak season for
the retail sector (the "Christmas (or holiday) shopping
season"), and a period of sales at the end of the season
(the "January sales").
Originally, the term "Christmas season" was
considered synonymous with Christmastide, a term
itself derived from Yuletide, which runs from December
25 (Christmas Day) to January 6 (Epiphany), popularly
known as the 12 Days of Christmas. However, as the
economic impact involving the anticipatory lead-up to
Christmas Day grew in America and Europe into the 19th
and 20th centuries, the term "Christmas season" began
to become synonymous instead with the traditional
Christian Advent season, the period observed in Western
Christianity from the fourth Sunday before Christmas
Day until Christmas Day itself. The term "Advent
calendar" survives in secular Western parlance as a term
referring to a countdown to Christmas Day from the
beginning of December.
Shopping
The exchange of gifts is central to the Christmas and
holiday season, and the season thus also incorporates a
"holiday shopping season". This comprises a peak time
for the retail sector at the start of the holiday season (the
"Christmas shopping season") and a period of sales at
the end of the season, the "January sales".
Although once dedicated mostly to white sales and
clearance sales, the January sales now comprise both
winter close-out sales and sales comprising the
redemption of gift cards given as presents.
Yule
Also called: Yuletide, Yulefest
Yule or Yuletide ("Yule time") is a pagan religious
festival observed by the historical Germanic people,
later being absorbed into and equated with the Christian
festival of Christmas.
Terms with an etymological equivalent to Yule are
used in the Nordic countries for Christmas with its
religious rites, but also for the holidays of this season.
Yule is also used to a lesser extent in English-speaking
countries to refer to Christmas. Customs such as the Yule
log, Yule goat, Yule boar, Yule singing, and others stem
from Yule.
Christmas
Also called: Noël, Nativity, Xmas, Yule
Significance: Traditional commemoration of the birth
of Jesus
Christmas or Christmas Day is an annual religious and
cultural holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ,
celebrated generally on December 25 by billions of people
around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical
year, it closes the Advent season and initiates the twelve
days of Christmastide, which ends after the twelfth night.
Christmas is a civil holiday in many of the world's nations
and is celebrated culturally by an increasing number of
non-Christians, and is an integral part of the Christmas
and holiday season.
While the birth year of Jesus is estimated among
modern historians to have been between 7 and 2 BC, the
exact month and day of his birth are unknown. The date
of Christmas may have initially been chosen to correspond
with the day exactly nine months after early Christians
believed Jesus to have been conceived.
Popular modern customs of the holiday include gift
giving, Christmas music and caroling, an exchange of
Christmas cards, church celebrations, a special meal, and
the display of various Christmas decorations, including
Christmas trees, Christmas lights, nativity scenes,
garlands, wreaths, mistletoe, and holly. In addition,
several closely related and often interchangeable figures,
known as Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas,
and Christkind, are associated with bringing gifts to
children during the Christmas season and have their own
body of traditions and lore. Because gift-giving and many
other aspects of the Christmas festival involve heightened
economic activity among both Christians and nonChristians, the holiday has become a significant event and
a key sales period for retailers and businesses. The
economic impact of Christmas is a factor that has grown
steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the
world.
‫مجله داخل پروازی‬
‫هواپیمایی ماهان‬
‫سال نو میالدی‬
Mahan Inflight Magazine
January 2015
Proprietor: Mahan Air Co.
Managing Director: Mehdi Aliyari
Central Office: Communication and
International Relations Department,
4th Floor, Mahan Air Tower, Azadegan St.,
Karaj High- way, Tehran,Iran
P.O.Box: 14515411
Tel: 021-48381752
Fax: 021- 48381799
Email: [email protected]
CON TEN TS
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Christmas2
A History of the Months 4
The Meanings of the Names of the Week Days 6
The Cars Driven by the World's Richest People
8
7 Ways to Make Holiday Travel with Kids Easier 12
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