brickwork - Miles Lewis

ABPL 90019 Australian Building
g Analysis
y
brickwork
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BRICK MANUFACTURE
CLAY EXTRACTION
PREPARATION
HAND MOULDING
MACHINE MOULDING
KILNS & CLAMPS
Brickworks in East Brunswick
Michael Cannon, Old Melbourne Town before the Gold
Rush (Main Ridge [Victoria] 1991), p 163
Lake Cellat brickworks, Turkey
Miles Lewis
Lake Cellat brickworks: tempering pit & pugmill
Miles Lewis
left: early nineteenth century
pugmill, Britain
above: late nineteenth century
pugmill
ill ffrom Sh
Sheffield
ffi ld
Edward Dobson, The Art of Making Bricks
and Tiles (2 parts, London 1850), I, p 15
John Woodforde,
Woodforde Bricks to Build a House
(London 1976), p 61
drawing by the
architect Thomas
Watts for a pugmill to
be used in the
construction of
Bontharambo
homestead, near
Wangaratta, 1858
Docker Papers, State Library
of Victoria
grinding
Chilean mill, Cessnock Brick & Pipe
Works, NSW
Chilean mill, Four Mile brickworks,
Thornton NSW
Thornton,
wet pan, style F, by the American Clay
Working Machinery Co
Miles Lewis
American Clay Working Machinery Co (Bucyrus [Ohio]
no date [c1896]), p 157
handmade bricks at
the Hessian
cottage, Rouse Hill,
NSW
Miles Lewis
brick moulds
mould & stock, from Dobson; brick & mould, East Gippsland Historical Museum; mould with stock branded by R
Porter, Sydney
Dobson, Bricks and Tiles, II, p 17; Miles Lewis; Warwick Gemmell, And So We Graft from Six to Six (Sydney 1986), p 36
brickmaker’s stool, 1850
(a) brick earth; (b) moulder’sand; (c) clot-moulder’s sand; (d) stock; (e) water tub;
((f)) page; (g) pallets;
pa e s; (h)
( ) brick
b c on
o pallet;
pa e ; (k)
( ) moulder’s
ou de s place;
p ace; (m)
( ) clot-moulder’s
c o ou de s
place; (o) cuckold – for cutting off the ground earth as it comes from the pugmill
Dobson, Bricks and Tiles, II, p 16
brickmakers at work: lithograph of 1821
Woodforde, Bricks to Build a House, p 175
Lake Cellat brickworks, Turkey: moulding bench
Miles Lewis
EXTRUSION
'Archimidean Pipe, Brick and Tile Machine', patented by Alfred Cornwell of Brunswick,
1863, and a similar machine published in 1872
Victorian patent V646 (from the Commonwealth prints)
Town and Country Journal, 20 April 1872, p 492
Bulmer
B
l
& Sharp's
Sh '
extrusion brickmaking
machine, 1861
wire cutters at Gulson's
brickworks, Goulburn,
NSW
Woodforde, Bricks to Build a House, p 113
Miles Lewis
PRESSING
second brickmaking machine by Edward Jones of Birmingham patented 1835
Andrew Ure, Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures and Mines (London 1839), p 189
Frederick Poeppel's
machine for pressing bricks
from dry clay, patented
1859
Victorian patent no 274 to Frederick
Poeppel, 29 October 1859
Brayton & Berry
Berry's
s American brickmaking machine
machine, patented 1860
Victorian patent no 301 to William Henry Brayton & Charles Edward Berry, 4 January 1860. from the
Commonwealth prints
‘W LYALL’ b
‘W.
brick
i k ffrom ‘H
‘Harewood’,
d’ W
Westernport
t
tB
Bay, after
ft c 1868
Miles Lewis
detail of a brick press at Gulson's Brickworks, Goulburn NSW
Miles Lewis
hacking, parallel
hand moulding: base
pressing, screws holding kick
brick markings
Gemmell, And So We Graft, p 27
hacking: transverse, ?straw
hand moulding: skiving of top face
extrusion: wire cutters
BRICK BURNING
clamp
Scotch kiln
? updraught kiln
downdraught kiln
continuous (Hoffman) kiln
Clamp,
p, Lake Cellat brickworks,, Turkeyy
Miles Lewis
clamps
New Zealand and the Sudan
Jeremy Salmond, Old New Zealand Houses
1800-1940 (Auckland 1986), p 47
Paul Oliver,, Dwellings:
g the Vernacular
House World Wide (London 2003), pl 33
a brick clamp, in section
Dobson, Bricks and Tiles, II, p 27
a Scotch kiln
Cox, Brickmaking, p 26
the Portarlington Mill and Widdicombe's brickworks, view c 1870: kiln at top left
photo on display at the mill
Widdicombe bricks on display at the Portarlington mill
Miles Lewis
brick kiln at Holey
Plain, near Rosedale,
probably 1880s
brickmaking at Baker's
yard, East Maitland,
1885
Miles Lewis
Mitchell Library videodisc 05314
a downdraught kiln, in section
Ron Ringer, The Brickmasters 1788-2008 (Dry Press publishing,
Horsley Park [NSW] 2008), p 50
downdraught
g kilns at the former James & Co brickworks,,
Toogood Ave, Woodville, South Australia
Miles Lewis
downdraught kiln at the
former James & Co
brickworks, Woodville:
view, and detail of
liveholes
Miles Lewis
downdraught kiln, Gulson's Brickworks, Goulburn
view & detail of livehole
Miles Lewis
downdraught kiln, Gulson's Brickworks: interior
Miles Lewis
downdraught kiln, Gulson's Brickworks: loading
Miles Lewis
downdraught kiln, Gulson's Brickworks: breaking open
Miles Lewis
downdraught
d
d
ht kil
kiln with
ith
automatic coal feeding
and forced draught, Four
Mile (Waterloo)
brickworks, Thornton,
NSW: view & detail
Miles Lewis
beehive downdraught kiln &
stack at Woodville, South
Australia
Mil L
Miles
Lewis
i
beehive downdraught
kiln & stack at
Woodville, South
Australia: view, and
detail of p
perforated floor
construction
Miles Lewis
Circular hall
(Hoffman) kiln: plan
Edward Dobson, Bricks and Tiles (8th
ed, London 1886), p 237
A circular (Hoffman) kiln
kiln, in
section.
Kiln at a kiln at a brickwotrks,
Barcelona kiln at a Barcelona
brickworks, since demolished
since demolished
Edward Dobson, Bricks and Tiles
(8th ed, London 1886), p 237
fourteen chamber rectangular Hoffman kiln in plan
Cox, Brickmaking, p 43
Hoffman patent Steam
Brick Company works,
Brunswick
general view c 1900
e with
t staff,
sta , 1870s
8 0s
view
MMBW Sewerage Scheme (1900), p 57
Don Bennetts [compiler], Melbourne's
yesterdays : a photographic record 18511901(M di di [South
1901(Medindie
[S th A
Australia]
t li ] 1976)
1976), p
123
the Upper Hawthorn Brick Company yards of Fritsch, Holzer & Co, c 1888
PGH City Brick kiln, Elizabeth Street, Malvern [demolished 1985]
Alexander Sutherland [ed], Victoria and its Metropolis Past and Present (2 vols, Melbourne 1888), II, p 638
Miles Lewis
Hoffman kiln, Metro Brick,
Swan Bank Road, Stirling, WA
exterior & interior views
Miles Lewis
the main yard of Austral Brick, St Peters, Sydney,
circa 1955, reconstruction by David Dickson
Ron Ringer, The Brickmasters 1788-2008 (Dry Press publishing, Horsley Park [NSW] 2008), p 235
f
former
Austral Co
C Brickworks No 1, S
Sydney Park, S
St Peter's, showing
rectangular and oval kilns
Miles Lewis
letterhead of J Gentle, Bedford Brick Works, St. Peters, 1929
Ron Ringer, The Brickmasters 1788-2008 (Dry Press publishing, Horsley Park [NSW] 2008), p 166
diagrammatic
g
section of a tunnel kiln showing
g the airflow
Ron Ringer, The Brickmasters 1788-2008 (Dry Press publishing, Horsley Park [NSW] 2008), p 337
the modern brickmaking process
Ron Ringer, The Brickmasters 1788-2008 (Dry Press
publishing, Horsley Park [NSW] 2008), p 328
special bricks
British firebricks: ‘Cowen’, ‘Ramsay’, ‘Darley F.B. Co.’ (2)
Miles Lewis
Cowen
Cumbernauld
J M Craig Ltd
Darle F B Co
Darley
Fordel's Patent
Garnkirk
g
Gartcraig
GEC&S
Harris & Pearson
Geo K
Geo.
K. Harrison
Hurll
L k
Lackmannan
Ordish
Ramsay
Starworks
A.A. Christie
firebricks: British brands
Ordish firebricks
from Dandenong,
Victoria
ML collection;
on site at ‘Old
Old
Urangeline’, NSW
Miles Lewis
G P Steiling brick at 'Kolor', near Penshurst
Miles Lewis
Deaf and Dumb Institution, St Kilda Road, by Crouch & Wilson,
1865-71 and later: spandrel with ornamental perforated brick
Miles Lewis
Deaff and
D
dD
Dumb
b IInstitution:
tit ti
glazed (and overpainted) brick string course
Miles Lewis
glazed
l
db
brick
i k by
b th
the F
Farnley
l IIron C
Co Ltd
Ltd, L
Leeds,
d E
England
l d
Miles Lewis
glazed
l
db
brick
i k
obtained by Andrew Muir at Croydon, unidentified origin
Miles Lewis
Commercial Travellers Association building, 318-324 Flinders St,
by H W & F B Tompkins,
Tompkins 1912-13
1912 13 : old and modern views
ARC, BRC Reinforcements (1925), p 143; Miles Lewis
CTA Building,
Flinders Street
detail of glazed
brick façade
Miles Lewis
ruins of Old
Swanwater
h
homestead
t d
[Northern
Grampians
Shire] c 1870
Shire],
Miles Lewis
brick found in the General Post Office, Melbourne, 1859
Miles Lewis
brick & timber fillet found in the General Post Office, Melbourne, 1859
Miles Lewis
brick brand, General Post Office, Melbourne
Miles Lewis
flier for Ackrill & Co’s p
patent wood fixing-brick
g
with wood keyy
Charles Maplestone papers, City of Melbourne Archives
detail of Ackrill & Co’s
Co s flier showing brick types
‘S.G.’ (Samuel Glew) maker’s brand on an Ackrill brick
Miles Lewis
BRICK CONSTRUCTION
b i k nogging
brick
i
hollow (or proto
proto--cavity) walls
cavity
y walls
brick veneer
tuckpointing
brick nogging as illustrated by Loudon
J C Loudon, An Encyclopædia of Cottage Farm and Villa Architecture (London 1846 [1833]), p 37
John Sinclair house
house, 106 Cameron Street
Street, Launceston
Launceston, c 1840
Helen Davies, For the Record: James Bennell’s Buildings in Early Launceston (Terrace Press, Launceston
2006),
), p 77;; Frank Bolt 1985
former hotel, south of Nagambie, Victoria
Miles Lewis
hollow & cavityy walls
hollow (or protocavity)
y) walls
Miles Lewis
Sil erlock or rat
Silverlock
rat-trap
trap walling
alling
'Ellerslie', Pilmer Street, Bacchus Marsh, ?1850s
Miles Lewis
Silverlock or rat-trap walling
house at Beechworth
Miles Lewis
cavity walls with masonry ties
an internal partition with bonding stones, parged to take air flow
Jennings’s patent bonding bricks, 1858 & later
S H Brooks, Designs for Cottage and Villa Architecture (London, no date [c 1839]), pl xlv
Notes on Building Construction: Part III Materials (London 1879), p 135
T H Widdicombe’s version of the Jennings brick
Widdicombe’s brick as published locally in 1872
Miles Lewis; Australian Mechanic, 1872
a bonding brick from the Hawkesbury Agricultural
College NSW
College,
NSW, c 1895
Gemmell, And So We Graft, p 42
T H Widdicombe’s bonding
brick as used by
y the
architects Davidson &
Henderson fron c 1870
Houses, Western Beach,
Geelong, by Davidson &
Henderson, c 1871
Miles Lewis
metal ties
hoop iron ties at Stawell & Bendigo from c 1868
(R A Love & George Steane)
In Melbourne by the 1880s
cast & wrought iron ties as used in Britain from the
1880s, not identified in Australia
Morse wire ties, originating in the USA, used in
Melbourne by c 1885
hoop iron ties
Stawell Literary & Scientific Institute, 54 Longfield
Street, Stawell, 1868, perhaps by R A Love
Miles Lewis
Stawell Grammar School
School, classroom by R A
Love, probably 1869-70: no ties apparent
Miles Lewis
Stawell Grammar, photo
of the master's house
and dormitory
dormitory, 1878
detail of the house wall
showing a hoop iron tie
C E Sayers, Shepherd's Gold: the
St
Story
off Stawell
St
ll (Melbourne
(M lb
1966)
1966),
facing p 67
Miles Lewis
Bible Christian Chapel, now St
Jude's C of E, Upper California
Gully Road (cnr Taylor Road),
Bendigo,
g , by
y R A Love,, 1868
Strathfieldsaye Shire Hall,
Wellington Road,
St thfi ld
Strathfieldsaye,
by
b G
George
Steane, 1869
Miles Lewis
British cavity wall with wrought iron ties and asphalt damp-proof course, 1888
cast & wrought iron ties in use in Britain, 1901
Notes on Building Construction, Part II (London 1888), p 216
Notes on Building Construction, Part II (London 1901), p 9
'Miegunyah', 641 Orrong Road, Toorak, detail of brickwork and tie, probably from the work of c 1882
Miles Lewis
Alfred Isaacs house
house, 1 Goodall
Street, Hawthorn, 1888:
view from the north-west, &
d t il off south-east
detail
th
t corner
Miles Lewis
Alfred Isaacs house,
Hawthorn
detail of hoop iron ladder tie,
south-east
south
east corner
detail of Morse wire tie, northeast corner
Miles Lewis
cavity wall with Morse ties, USA, 1899
International Libraryy of Technology,
gy, Masonry,
y, Carpentry,
p
y, Joinery
y
(Scranton [Pennsylvania] 1907 [1899]), p 118
Morse wire ties
Morse ties from 390 Canterbury Rd
Rd,
Middle Park, 1885; 878 High St
Armadale, said to be about 1885
John Henryy
former store, Thoona, northern Victoria, 1910: view & detail
Miles Lewis
wall ties,, plain
p
and drip
p type,
yp , byy the Titan Nail & Wire Co,, c 1930
Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited, Handbook for Engineers, &c [cover title Shapes and
Sections ] (Melbourne 1930), p 502
the first Australian textbook illustration, by
James Nangle, 1900: a cavity wall with
Jennings's
Jennings
s stepped
stepped-up
up bonding bricks and
wrought or cast iron tie, stoneware dampproof course
a similar stoneware damp proof course
made by Doultons, nine inches [230 mm]
wide
James Nangle, Australian Building Practice,
Part 1 (Sydney 1900), p 63
Notes on Building Construction, Part III Materials (1879),
p 135
brick veneer,
USA 1907
USA,
International Library of
Technology. Masonry,
Carpentry, Joinery
(International
Textbook Company
Company,
Scranton
[Pennsylvania] 1907).
Masonry, p 14
'Ardoo' (Armytage house),
Gnarwarre,, Victoria,, 1902
east front & wall detail
Miles Lewis
'Ardoo', Gnarwarre: subfloor space
Miles Lewis
th apotheosis
the
th
i off the
th brick
b i k veneer
32 Gilbertson Street, Essendon, designed and built by J J Clift, c 1928
J Clift iin 1983
Joe
Miles Lewis
Hattingh house
house, South Africa,
Africa showing tuckpointing
the pointing of
brickwork
Department of Labour
and National Service,
Bricklaying [technical
publication no 20]
(DLNS, Melbourne
1945), p 40
extruded terra
cotta & lumber
terra cotta
block floor as
published in
Australia 1890
Australia,
Australasian
A
t l i B
Builder
ild and
d
Contractors' News, 18
January 1890, p 687
fireproofing of floors and columns, as illustrated by Sulman
Proceedings of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, 1888, p 575
terra cotta lumber
Lynne Dore
terra cotta lumber
Miles Lewis
'Empire Buildings', 418 Collins Street, by T J Crouch, 1888
Temperance and General Building,
Building 186 Swanston St by Alfred Dunn
Dunn, c 1888-9
1888 9
Alexander Sutherland [ed], Victoria and its Metropolis Past and Present (2 vols, Melbourne 1888), II
James Smith [ed], The Cyclopedia of Victoria (3 vols, Melbourne, 1903, 1904, 1905), I, p 173
Commercial
Travellers
Association, 314318 Flinders Street,
by H W & F B
Tompkins, 1911-12:
view of terra cotta
lumber partition
Miles Lewis
Commercial Travellers Association, detail of terra cotta lumber
Miles Lewis
St Michael's Roman Catholic church, Wandong, 1891
Miles Lewis
St Michael's, Wandong: detail of blockwork
Miles Lewis
St Michael's, Wandong: detail at the base
Miles Lewis
terra cotta cladding
‘Anesbury', 72 Alt
Street Ashfield,
Street,
Ashfield
Sydney, by
Norman Selfe,
1888: lyrebird relief
by Lucien Henry
Ann Stephen [ed], Visions of a
R
Republic:
bli th
the W
Work
k off L
Lucien
i
Henry (Sydney 2001), p 92
Sydney Technical
College, 1 Mary
Ann St, Ultimo,
Sydney, by W E
Kemp, 1891:
detail
Ron Ringer, The
Brickmasters 1788
17882008 (Dry Press
publishing, Horsley
Park [NSW] 2008), fifth
p
frontispiece
Public School,
Smollett Street,
Alb r b
Albury,
by W E
Kemp, 1891
Miles Lewis
'Terra Cotta
Detail', by
Robert Haddon,
c 1908
Robert Haddon,
Australian Architecture
(Melbourne, no date
[1908]), p 201
Milton House
House, 21
2125 Flinders Lane,
Melbourne,, byy
Smith & Ogg with
Robert Haddon,
1901
Miles Lewis
Milton House, detail of terra cotta band
Miles Lewis
'Faience Details’
by Robert Haddon,
1908
Haddon, Australian
Haddon
Architecture, p 295
base of the South African War Memorial
Memorial, Alfred Square
Square, St Kilda
Kilda,
by Arthur Peck: manufacture by the Australian Tessellated Tile Co
Miles Lewis
South African War Memorial
Miles Lewis
Wunderlich terra cotta components stacked at works, c 1927
Forty Years of Wunderlich Industry, p 134
Kellow House
[Kellow Falkiner
[Kellow-Falkiner
motor showrooms],
St Kilda Rd
Rd, South
Yarra, by Harry A
Norris c 1929
Norris,
Nash-Boothby Studios, SLV
H2010 63/2
Kellow House,, Brombyy Street flank
Nash-Boothby Studios, SLV H2010 63/3
National Bank, Dean
S
Street,
Albury,
Alb
b
by W T
Meldrum & F H
Newton in association
association,
1937: glazed terra
cotta byy Wunderlichs
Miles Lewis
National Bank, Albury, detail of capitals
Miles Lewis
New South Wales Government Savings Bank, Martin place, Sydney, by H E Ross &
Rowe, from 1922: installation of terra cotta cladding, manufactured by Wunderlichs
Bures, The House of Wunderlich, p 107
NSW Government Savings
g Bank,,
Ionic capital
Forty Years of Wunderlich Industry, p 20
Reliance Building, 32 North St, Chicago, by Burnham & Root, 1890, and D H
Burnham & Co, 1894-5: glazed terra cotta cladding of a window bay
W H Jordy, Progressive and Academic Ideals at the turn of the Twentieth Century (New York
1986 [1972]) pp 59, 58
Manchester Unity Building, Swanston street, Melbourne, by Marcus
Barlow (1931) 1932-3: view & details
H H Paynting & Malcolm Grant [eds], Victoria Illustrated 1834-1984 (Melbourne 1985), p 157.
Journal of the Royal Victorian Institute of Architects, XXX, 6 (January 1933), p 123
'Elmslea Chambers', Montague Street, Goulburn, 1933
Miles Lewis