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14/10/2002
Merton Open Space Study
Volume 2: Strategic Landscape
and Biodiversity Strategy
April 2002
WS Atkins Planning Consultants Limited
Woodcote Grove, Ashley Road, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5BW
Tel: (01372) 726140 Fax: (01372) 740055
JOB NUMBER: AF2490
DOCUMENT REF: Merton Volume 2
0
Draft
RG
MR
JF
MT
Feb 2002
1
Final Draft
RG
MT
JF
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Apr 2002
2
Final Report
RG
MT
JF
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April 2002
Originated
Checked
Reviewed
Authorised
Date
Revision
Purpose
Description
Merton Open Space Study Volume 2: Strategic Landscape and Biodiversity Assessment
CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION
1-1
2.
HISTORIC LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT
2-1
3.
A STRATEGY TO PROMOTE BIODIVERSITY
3-1
4.
DEVELOPMENT OF A GREEN NETWORK
4-1
5.
CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
5-1
List of Tables
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
The Physical Characteristics of the Open Spaces (%)
Landscape and Visual Assessment of Open Spaces
Appropriate Landscape Management
Local Nature Reserves in Merton
Potential Local Nature Reserves in Merton
Ecological Value of all Open Spaces
List of Figures
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2
Figure 3.3
Figure 3.4
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2
Figure 4.3
Figure 4.4
Figure 4.5
Figure 4.6
Figure 4.7
Figure 4.8
Appendix A
Appropriate Landscape Management of Public Open Spaces
Appropriate Landscape Management of Private and School Playing Fields
Accessibility to Local Nature Reserves
Pedestrian Accessibility to Areas of Nature Conservation Value
An Urban Open Space Network
Planning Stages for Identifying New open Space
Public Open Spaces
Urban Green Spaces
Areas of Nature Conservation Value
Green Corridors
Green Chains
Existing Green Network
Existing Green Network and UDP Site Proposals
Proposed Additional Green Chains and Corridors
Merton Open Spaces with Unique ID numbers
Appendices
Appendix A
List of All Open Spaces in Merton with Unique ID numbers
i
ii
1.
INTRODUCTION
Background
1.1
This report has been carried out for the London Borough of Merton, as part of the
commission to undertake an Open Space Study to inform an Open Space Strategy for
Merton.
1.2
This is Volume 2 of three volumes which comprise a first stage Open Space Strategy.
Volume 1 provides an assessment of the distribution and quality of open spaces
within the borough. Volume 3 provides a Playing Pitch Assessment which identifies
the supply and demand of playing pitches in the borough.
1.3
This Volume provides a strategic assessment of the landscape character and
biodiversity in Merton to inform a Green Network. The aim of a Green Network is to
establish a network of footpaths and cycleways linking together the green open
spaces.
Structure of Report
1.4
This report is set out in three further sections. Chapter 2 provides a historic landscape
assessment of the borough. Chapter 3 identifies the ecological value within the
borough and sets out a strategy to further protect and enhance biodiversity in Merton.
The final chapter builds upon Chapters 2 and 3 to establish a framework for a Green
Network in Merton and across the borough boundaries, into the neighbouring London
Boroughs of Lambeth, Kingston, Wandsworth, Croydon and Sutton.
1-1
1-2
2.
HISTORIC LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT
Introduction
2.1
In order to understand the current landscape, it is necessary to examine and
understand how the landscape was formed historically.
Geology and Landform
2.2
The basic structure of any landscape has been shaped by its underlying rocks and
relief. Geology, in addition to the natural processes of weathering, erosion and
deposition, influence the form of the landscape, its drainage and soils, which then
determine vegetation patterns and land use. The River Wandle and Beverley Brook
have had major physical influences on the landscape of the London Borough of
Merton, and have been a focus for human settlement and economic activity
throughout its history.
2.3
The London Borough of Merton is located in the south western section of the Thames
Basin. This vast, saucer like structure was formed 50 million years ago, when glacial
ice sheets eroded the younger surface deposits from the older Cretaceous rocks
beneath. Under the basin are Upper, Middle and Lower Chalk, which form the aquifer
that has supplied London with water for centuries. The chalk rises to the surface, to
form the Chiltern Hills in the north, and the North Downs, in the south.
2.4
Within the basin, more recent sedimentary deposits cover the chalk. The most
extensive of these, are beds of London Clay, formed by the sediments laid down by
the warm tropical seas, some 30 million years ago. Above the clay lie deposits of the
sands and silts, which covered the area extensively, before glacial erosion. These
sediments often remain as hills and elevated areas – as shown at Wimbledon Common
– in what is otherwise, a low lying landscape.
2.5
The majority of London Clay is a stiff, dark grey or bluish colour, which turns brown
when exposed at the surface, due to oxidisation of the iron within the clay.
Characteristics of the London Clay are the septaria, or concretions of argillaceous
2-1
limestone, occurring as layers of nodules, and in some cases, they contain numerous
fossils. They are known as cement stones, as they used to be in great demand for
cement manufacture. The lowest part of the formation is a sandy bed, with black flint
pebbles and occasional layers of sandstone, and is known as the ‘Basement Bed’. In
the centre of the London Basin, a great deal has been denuded, and in the City, the
depth varies from 25 to 40 metres. The London Clay contains numerous fossilised
plant remains.
2.6
To the south of the London Borough of Merton, river terrace gravels predominate.
Where the ground rises above 25 metres AOD, the gravels give way to rounded hills
formed from London Clay. Further north, the band of gravels narrows, particularly to
the west, where clays, Claygate Beds and High Level Terraces form the higher ground
occupied by Wimbledon Common, which forms the watershed between the River
Wandle and Beverley Brook.
Soils
2.7
Soils within the London Borough of Merton reflect the underlying geology of the
area and the influences of the water table and the rivers. Much of the area is
dominated by heavy clay soils, often associated with London Clay. Prior to the
installation of land drainage works and flood defence schemes in the area, these soils
would have been prone to flooding on a regular basis. Where river terrace gravels
occur, the soils are coarser and drain more freely, but can become waterlogged during
the winter months. At Wimbledon Common, the contrasting geology gives rise to acid
soils. The existing narrow floodplains of the River Wandle and Beverley Brook
contain clayey, lime-rich, alluvial soils and a high water table.
Drainage and Hydrology
2.8
The sources of the River Wandle and Beverley Brook, which are the main rivers
running through the London Borough of Merton, originate on or near the dip slope
spring line of the North Downs Chalk aquifer. They flow northwards onto the London
Clay of the central London basin syncline.
2.9
The groundwater is recharged by rainfall percolating through the chalk areas within
the southern catchment. The majority of the groundwater flows northwards towards
the dip slope spring line. This results in major headwater springs occurring at
Carshalton Ponds, Beddington Park and Waddon Ponds. Twentieth century
exploitation of groundwater within the catchments for potable water supply has
2-2
weakened spring flows and resulted in the augmentation of the Carshalton Springs by
the Sutton and East Surrey Water Company.
2.10
The average rainfall in the northern half of the borough is 630mm, rising to 760mm in
the higher ground, to the south. The average effective rainfall, however, is lower than
this:
•
in the north it is 160mm. Most of the rest of it flows directly into the water system,
due to the impermeability of the built up area;
•
and in the south it is 320mm. Most of the rest of it percolates through the soil, to
recharge the chalk aquifer.
2.11
The influence of human settlement, particularly in the last 150 years, when the
population numbers have increased hugely, has resulted in a loss of floodplain, and an
increased rate of run-off. The resultant increase in flash floods has necessitated the
instillation of numerous flood defences, resulting in a reduction of natural channel
banks, features, riparian habitats and water quality.
Historical Development
Pre-Roman
2.12
Much of the pre-Roman settlement in the London Borough of Merton appears to have
been concentrated along the river valleys, which provided defence, communication
and a source of food and water. Their dependence upon hunting and fishing continued
into the Mesolithic era, with favoured settlement sites on drier, higher areas, close to
rivers, or water supplies. The Neolithic period saw the introduction of farming,
together with simple industries such as pottery. The Iron Age brought increased
militarism, with evidence of defensive positions at key vantage points, and along
rivers. One of these fortified enclosures is still visible as a bank and ditch at
Wimbledon Golf Course.
Roman
2.13
Romans first arrived in Britain at the beginning of the first millennium AD, founding
Londinium, to the north-east of Merton. A series of roads were built, radiating out
from this Roman settlement. One of these was Stane Street, still in use today, crossing
the Wandle near Merton Bridge, on its way to Chichester.
2-3
2.14
The steep gradient of the River Wandle, particularly in the upper reaches, meant that
although the river was not easily navigable, it was ideal for the siting and powering of
mills. The Romans were responsible for introducing the first corn mills along its
banks.
Saxon and Norman
2.15
Saxons settled at strategic points in the area, after the end of the Roman occupation, in
order to defend approaches to London. Anglo Saxon villages established, forming
foundations of places that still exist today – Croydon, Wallington and Merton are just
a few examples. It is believed that a Saxon noble called Wendle gave his name to the
village of Wandsworth and its River Wandle.
2.16
Mills continued to be developed along the Wandle during this period and many of
those established during this period continued to mill corn up until the end of the
nineteenth century and in a few cases into the 20th Century.
Medieval
2.17
Merton and Morden manors were in ecclesiastical ownership during the medieval
period. Merton Priory occupied 60 acres of land along the banks of the Wandle, to the
south of what is now Merton High Street. Parts of the southern wall and gateway are
still visible today. Morden Hall, which included a riverside deer park, was owned by
Westminster Abbey.
2.18
The Domesday Book recorded at least 13 mills along the Wandle during this period,
most of them were located on the steeper sections, above Mitcham.
Tudors and Stuarts
2.19
The Wandle valley continued to be a favoured area during the Tudor and Stuart
period, with the river being recognised as a valuable trout stream. In 1606, a royal
edict governed hunting and fishing along the river, but this did not protect against the
poaching, which apparently continued to be a real problem.
2.20
The numbers of mills continued to grow, and by 1600, there were at least 24 corn
mills along the Wandle’s banks. Corn mills were joined by fulling mills for cloth
making and gunpowder mills.
2-4
Georgian
2.21
The growth of industry, based upon the Wandle’s water power continued into the
eighteenth century. The range of mills continued to expand, serving the hat making,
dyeing, iron, copperware, fur making, tobacco, leather, paper and oil industries. In
1750, the calico industry, which had been introduced by the Huguenots, developed as
a major industry, employing almost half of the working population of Merton.
Bleaching the calico required large areas of flat land and a constant supply of pure
water, fed by a network of ditches.
2.22
Despite the growing industrialisation of the area, the Wandle valley remained popular
among members of the aristocracy, who favoured it as a rural retreat, close to London.
One of the best known of theses estates was Merton Place.
Victorian
2.23
During the nineteenth century, numbers of mills along the Wandle continued to grow.
By 1831, there were reputed to be at least 90 mills, many with two or three
waterwheels, which served the hemp, iron, drug grinding, silk printing, woollen and
felt industries. Merton Priory developed as a centre for textile printing – Arthur
Liberty and William Morris owned mills here.
2.24
The increasing numbers of mills along the Wandle screened the industry’s growing
fragility, caused by the arrival of steam power, and increasing competition for water.
The growth of towns and villages resulted in increased amounts of water being
abstracted from the river and aquifer. This, in combination with the continued division
of the channel, to provide more and more mill runs, resulted in falling water levels,
particularly during the drier summer months, and in periods of drought.
2.25
The rapid growth of the population in the nineteenth century meant that the local
authority were unable to provide adequate waste disposal and refuse collection
facilities. Pollution levels within the Wandle rose steadily, until it became the most
polluted river in London – it remained classified as a public sewer up until 1965. It
became a significant health hazard, contributing to the spread of cholera and typhoid.
1900-1980
2.26
The early twentieth century saw the continued decline of the mill industry along the
Wandle. River related activities were replaced by a wide range of new industries, with
2-5
factories built right up to the edges of the riverbank. Discharges from some of these
industries contributed to the degree of pollution.
2.27
Increased residential and industrial development resulted in a growing concern to
conserve the river and its surrounding environment. Blocks of land were bought and
donated to the National Trust in the early twentieth century. In 1969, the Greater
London Council created the River Wandle Liaison Group to purchase land for the
creation of additional sections of riverside footpath. Designation of areas of the
Wandle and Beverley catchments as Metropolitan Open Land has progressed since
this time with the last addition incorporated into the UDP review in 1999 (First
Deposit). The MOL designation and a policy of setting large scale development back
from the rivers have prevented further development along these river corridors.
1980-Present Day
2.28
Industry is no longer reliant upon its riverside location for power generation, resulting
in some industrial areas becoming derelict. These large areas of now disused land,
together with an increased demand for new housing have generated an opportunity for
the boroughs to refocus proposals to upgrade and enhance the rivers and their
surrounding environments. Large numbers of public open spaces remain throughout
the borough, ranging in size from small, to very large, and from playing fields, to
public parks and commons.
Rivers
River Wandle
2.29
The River Wandle rises near Croydon, and is fed by springs at Carshalton. It flows
through Beddington and Merton, and is joined by the River Graveney in Tooting,
before joining the River Thames, to the west of Wandsworth Bridge. During its
eighteen kilometre course, it drops thirty metres in level, and in the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries, it drove numerous waterwheels along its course. Through its
upper reaches in the London Borough of Croydon, the river is small scale, contained
in a narrow channel between private gardens and small areas of public open space,
often local parks. Along the middle reaches of the river, in the London Borough of
Merton, there is a mixture of urban green space, set within a dense urban framework
of industry and residential areas. The open spaces run adjacent to one side of the river,
linked by linear parks which closely follow its route. These linear parks now form
part of the ‘Wandle Trail’. The river corridor runs through an area of land with a high
proportion of semi and light industrial activity which was originally located next to
2-6
the Wandle, to take advantage of the power provided by the numerous mills once on
its banks. The designed parkland landscapes of Morden Hall Park and the remnant
landscapes associated with mills – Ravensbury Park, Watermeads and Bennetts Hole
– form stretches of open space where the river becomes a focal point, instead of
simply a boundary or dividing element within the landscape. The river then travels
north along its route, into the London Borough of Wandsworth, where it passes
through a heavily industrialised landscape, before reaching its confluence with the
River Thames.
Beverley Brook
2.30
Beverley Brook rises in Sutton, flowing northwards from Wimbledon Common to
Richmond Park, before flowing into the River Thames near Putney Bridge. It forms
the western boundary between Merton and the Royal Borough of Kingston. Today,
this is a less natural river, running largely between vertical revetments. It does,
however, provide habitats for aquatic plants and animals, at least in places, and the
narrow strips of green space on either side of the river channel form important green
corridors.
2.31
Two culverted flood alleviation channels were constructed within the Beverley Brook
catchment area, just north of Priest Bridge, in its lower reaches. They were designed
at the wrong level, meaning that even during dry periods, more water from its
catchment is discharged into the Thames through these two flood alleviation channels
than from Beverley Brook itself.
2.32
From its source in Worcester Park, the brook is a small scale feature within the
landscape, frequently confined in a narrow channel, passing between housing and a
few small scale parks. In its middle reaches, the brook is surrounded by large areas of
open space – notably Wimbledon Common and Richmond Park. Through this stretch,
the brook should be able to enjoy a natural relationship with its floodplain, as there
would be space for it to flood, with no detrimental effect on the surrounding
landscape. Advantage has not been taken of this potential, as for most of this reach,
the channel is artificially retained. The surrounding open spaces provide an extensive
recreational and amenity resource for the local residents, but the potential of the brook
within its setting has not been realised. Beverley Brook continues its course
northwards through a largely residential landscape, before reaching its confluence
with the River Thames.
2-7
Pyl Brook
2.33
Pyl Brook is a tributary of Beverley Brook, joining it approximately halfway along its
course. It is comprised of two arms – the Pyl and east Pyl, before merging near
Barnes, to form a single channel. The brook is small scale, incised and narrow
throughout its length. It flows through a fragmented landscape of housing, public
open space, school playing fields and industry, before disappearing into culvert under
West Barnes Lane, and the A3, before discharging into Beverley Brook, opposite
Beverley Park. Where it passes through areas of open space, it has the potential to
become a more significant feature of the landscape. An example of this is where it
forms a section of the southern boundary to Morden Park. It flows through a narrow,
straight, deep, concrete channel, along the park’s edge and is only recognisable as a
brook from any distance, by its tree-lined edges. Prior to flowing along the edge of the
park, it flows through a section of the park, but does not create a significant feature
within the landscape.
2.34
The Environment Agency has developed flood alleviation proposals for the Beverley
and Pyl Brooks. These proposals take advantage of open land along the river to
accept floodwater and should also achieve improvements to the nature conservation
value of land.
River Graveney
2.35
The River Graveney is the most highly modified and least natural channel within the
London Borough of Merton. It flows through a series of engineered, concrete faced
structures, and much of it has been culverted. The surrounding landscape is mainly
suburban housing which has ignored the river, resulting in culverting and other
containment, to protect the surrounding housing. On approach to its confluence with
the Wandle, the River Graveney splits into two channels, and the northern section,
when coming out of culvert, flows through a deep sided, ‘U’ shaped concrete channel
– looking far more like an urban drain, than a natural landscape feature. The southern
section, entirely in culvert, joins the Wandle, just north of Wandle Park. The character
of the river does not appear to change significantly from its source, to its confluence
with the Wandle, although the volume of water gradually increases along its route.
Landscape Character and Green Space
2.36
Landscapes with a green, open and undeveloped character often provide important
areas of open space, vegetation and wildlife habitats, forming an important
recreational and amenity resource for the local population. Many of the open spaces in
2-8
the London Borough of Merton are fragmented, being mainly ‘designed’ spaces,
rather than natural, rural green spaces, but they still provide an enormous benefit to
the wildlife and local residents, and they should not be overlooked. The other
landscape types merge with these green spaces to form the characteristics of the
Borough. The main landscape types found within the Borough are listed below, with a
brief description given of each. They are also illustrated in Figures 4.1 to 4.6 in
Chapter 4 of this Volume.
Historic Parkland Landscapes
2.37
These are normally large scale, plots of open land, often associated with historic
buildings, or institutions. They frequently have mature vegetation, a mixture of
ornamental and native species, with a formal, designed layout and a historic parkland
character.
2.38
The Council has a number of parks which are important in terms of their historical
significance within the Borough. The parks rage from large open landscapes such as
the Capability Brown landscape at Wimbledon Park to the industrial heritage
represented within Ravensbury Park. Cannizaro Park, Morden Park and Wimbledon
Park are listed as Grade II* landscapes by English Heritage. Many other sites are
locally listed including; Ravensbury Park, John Innes Park, The Canons, South Park
Gardens and Wandle Park. There are heritage restoration plans for four of the historic
parks – Wimbledon, John Innes, Morden and Ravensbury – funded through the
Heritage Lottery Fund.
Nature Reserves
2.39
The nature reserves are either locally or nationally designated, providing them with
some protection. Most are sites with high nature conservation value, as a result of
their specific vegetation types and associated habitats. It is important that a balance is
reached between protecting and conserving these important habitats, and allowing
public access to view and appreciate them.
Allotments
2.40
An important amenity resource, particularly in areas where private gardens are too
small to allow quantities of vegetables to be grown, these allotments are normally
provided in fragmented, patchwork landscapes, often a subdivision of larger open
spaces.
2-9
Cemeteries
2.41
Cemeteries are normally large, open, often flat sites, with mature parkland or
ornamental trees, around the edges and throughout the area, with the form of the site
strongly structured by the headstones and graves. More established cemeteries often
have greater numbers of elaborate, and often historic, monuments and mature trees.
Many of them form important habitats for wildlife, and should be recognised as a
valuable resource.
Public Open Space
2.42
Public open spaces comprise a variety of landscape types, including parks, playing
fields, greens and other open spaces. They all share some similar characteristics, as
they are normally maintained by the local authority, are often flat, open spaces, with
some mature trees, mown grass, and occasional beds of flowering shrubs and bedding
plants, and they are all accessible to the public. They are important amenity and
recreational resources, allowing a range of passive and active recreation to occur, and
are of great benefit to their local communities. Volume 1 provides a detailed
assessment of the distribution, variety and quality of public open spaces in Merton.
This is summarised in paragraph 2.50 below.
Golf Courses
2.43
These semi-enclosed, often undulating landscape areas often provide a gradual
transition between the edge of urban development and adjacent public open spaces
and commons, particularly where the original landscape features have been retained.
The golf courses have a well maintained, managed appearance, with their mown
fairways and manicured greens and combine indigenous and ornamental mature trees,
with more recent shrub and tree planting.
Sports Clubs and their associated Grounds
2.44
The sports clubs are in either public or private ownership. They are generally open,
flat areas of mown grassland, bordered/screened by rows of trees. Some have tall
floodlighting columns, which dominate the surrounding areas, both during the day,
and at night. Many have associated sports pavilions, facilities and car parks. Most
have pitches marked out on them, and many appear to be well utilised, as can be seen
by the bare, muddy patches throughout them. Many are located in the lowest lying
areas of the borough, within the floodplains of the River Wandle or the Beverley
Brook, and so need artificial drainage during the winter months, which is when they
2-10
are wettest, and also most heavily utilised. The survey undertaken for Volume 1 of
this Open Space Study also looked at the quality of playing pitch and sports ground
provision in the borough.
Private Gardens
2.45
These range from small to large scale spaces, laid out in a variety of styles, and are
there for the use of private individuals, associated with houses, flats, and other
residential developments. They contribute significantly to the ‘greening’ of the
Borough as a whole, and provide a substantial percentage of the Borough’s wildlife
habitat and many of the routes between larger areas of open space, green corridors
and nature reserves. The ecological value of back gardens is recognised in UDP
Policy NE8.
Residential Landscapes
2.46
A wide mixture of housing styles, sizes and ages can be found within the London
Borough of Merton, which contributes to the overall character of the landscape.
Suburban detached housing, built between the wars, small scale twentieth century
complexes and flats, Victorian and Edwardian terraced housing, along with some
substantial mansions and villas, Georgian houses, tower blocks and historic houses
blend together, to form the urban framework. They all have a variety of sizes and
types of gardens, or open spaces associated with them.
Industrial Landscapes
2.47
These comprise both light industrial, large scale warehouse complexes and heavy
industrial, such as gas works, waste processing plants and electricity sub-stations.
Both of these types have large buildings, which often dwarf the surrounding areas,
associated with large vehicle yards, loading bays, and stacking areas. There are some
derelict and vacant sites associated with previous industrial uses, often leaving
contaminated land that would be expensive to remediate and re-use.
Commercial Landscapes
2.48
The commercial landscapes cover a variety of uses. High Streets are traditional
shopping areas, developed within the existing pattern of urban areas. They are centres
of high activity, with increased traffic and pedestrian users. Shopping Centres are
large scale, homogenous retail developments. They are often situated outside of town
centres, but there are many shopping centres appearing within the existing town
2-11
centres. Most are inward looking, and do little to contribute to the character or
atmosphere of the surrounding area and have large multi-storey, or open car parks,
and are often shed-like in appearance. Garden Centres are large scale flat spaces, with
designated parking areas and open storage yards, mixed, normally randomly laid out
clusters of buildings, with some glasshouses.
Educational and Institutional Landscapes
2.49
These open spaces within the London Borough of Merton. Schools and Colleges are
generally characterised by playing fields, with uniform, mown grass throughout.
There are clusters of buildings, often ranging in age and style, set within the grounds
and adjoined by small areas of car parking provision, primarily for members of staff,
with dropping off points for pupils. Hospitals are normally made up of a collection of
large buildings, with a variety of age structure and style, often set within large, open
landscapes with mown grass, mature trees and large areas of car parking. Some of the
grounds, for example, the Atkinson Morley Hospital, are important for nature
conservation.
Transport Corridors
2.50
Major roads and railways have a significant impact upon the surrounding landscape
through which they pass. Traffic is audible, but not always visible from a large
number of the open spaces, with many busy internal roads, in addition to the heavily
trafficked through routes of the A3, A217 and A24. A number of railways run through
the borough, including sections of the underground District line, which runs above
ground for sections. The railways are less visually and audibly intrusive, as they do
not have the continuous streams of traffic that the roads do, and they often provide
ideal corridors for wildlife and habitat creation. The tram link is a relative newcomer
to the Borough and the impact caused by it is minimal.
2.51
The draft Supplementary Planning Guidance on Urban Design (2002) discusses the
categories of different types of built development in the Borough in more detail.
Landscape and Visual Quality of Open Spaces
2.52
Each open space surveyed was assessed to determine the nature of each of the
following landscape and visual quality attributes:
2-12
Physical character
Condition of foliage
Topography
Aesthetic factors
Sounds and smells
Tree/hedge and grass coverage
Age structure of trees
Viewpoints
Most appropriate landscape management strategy
Landscape improvements
2.53
The assessment takes the form of a checklist which aims to identify a number of
broad principles of park design which can be used to compare the visual quality of
different parks. Parks with a variety of different characters are likely to be more
attractive or pleasant than those with few attributes. It should be recognised that
many of the attributes require subjective assessment and consequently the results may
be influenced by varying value judgements of different surveyors.
2.54
The survey of open spaces assessed the physical characteristics of each space. The
surveyors were asked to provide a breakdown of the characteristics of each park.
Table 2.1 illustrates the results of this assessment, for example 43% of the
Metropolitan Parks are covered by Natural heathland, 38% by natural woodland, 18%
by recreational grassland and 3% by water areas. The information on each park is
available within the database.
2-13
Table 2.1: The Physical Characteristics of the Open Spaces (%)
Public Open Space
park
District
park
Local
park
Small
local
park
Private
playing
fields
School
playing
fields
Natural heathland common
43
0
1
4
1
0
Natural Woodland
38
19
8
8
2
1
Formal planted park
0
10
14
12
2
0
Informal Grassland
0
28
21
24
8
21
Recreational Grassland
18
29
46
44
67
55
Agricultural Land
0
0
0
0
0
0
Hard Playing Surface
0
3
5
6
19
23
Water area
3
8
2
1
0
0
Derelict / wasteland
0
0
0
0
0
0
Other
0
5
2
0
1
0
Total
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Metro
Physical Characteristic
2.55
Research undertaken by LPAC (1992, p118) suggests that the majority of park
visitors use open space for passive recreation. This highlights the importance
attached to natural features such as scenery, trees, streams and views. This study
provides a broad evaluation of the characteristics and qualities of different open
spaces to inform the planning of each park and enable comparisons to be made. Table
2.2 demonstrates the number of open spaces which have significant landscape and
visual qualities. The definitions of the characteristics are explained in more detail in
Volume 1, Appendix B.
2-14
Table 2.2: Landscape and Visual Assessment of Open Spaces
Public Open Space
Metro
park
District
park
Local
park
Small
local
park
Wildlife Area
2
4
20
15
41
10
15
25
Ponds
2
1
9
1
13
0
2
2
Rivers and Streams
1
3
7
3
14
1
1
2
Formal/Oriental Gardens
0
2
7
7
16
0
1
1
Lake
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
No Vandalism
2
4
27
24
57
32
43
75
No Graffiti
2
3
15
15
35
31
41
72
Undulating topology
1
2
6
3
12
5
3
8
Interesting stimulus
2
4
17
16
39
5
7
12
Pleasant/beautiful
2
4
28
23
57
34
40
74
Quiet
0
0
5
8
13
4
2
6
Safe/comfortable
1
3
23
22
49
33
44
77
Woodland tree blocks
2
4
10
8
24
6
2
8
Avenues of trees
2
3
15
10
30
12
11
23
Total
19
39
189
155
402
208
258
466
Landscape and Visual
Qualities
2.56
Total
Parks
Private
Playing
Fields
School
Playing
Fields
Total
Playing
Fields
Table 2.3 demonstrates that 7 public open spaces and 8 private and school playing
fields would benefit from major landscape improvements. These spaces are
illustrated on Figures 2.1 and 2.2. The definitions of the landscape management
categories are as follows:
Conservation: Emphasis on conservation of the existing character and on
appropriate limited management of particular features which contribute to the
character.
Minor Improvements: Emphasis on enhancing what exists, for example;
strategic tree planting, grass planting.
Major Improvements: Major restoration, for example; land modelling, creation
of greater variety of spaces, major tree planting scheme.
2-15
Table 2.3: Appropriate Landscape Management
Management
Metro
park
District
park
Local
park
Small
local
park
Public
Parks
Total
Private
Playing
Fields
School
Playing
Fields
Playing
Fields
Total
Conservation
2
2
16
10
30
19
28
47
Minor Improvements
0
2
15
12
29
12
13
25
Major Improvements
0
0
1
6
7
3
5
8
Total
2
4
32
28
66
34
46
80
2.57
The majority of sites which are considered to need major or minor landscape
improvements are in the east of the Borough. Landscape management should take
account of the need to address deficiencies in natural greenspace and areas of nature
conservation. This is discussed further in Chapter 3.
2.58
This analysis is subjective and should only be used as a guide to inform further more
detailed assessments. It is recommended in Volume 1 that this analysis is reflected in
a Priority Matrix which would be one element informing the planning and
management of the public open spaces.
A Green Network for Merton
2.59
The following chapter identifies significant areas of ecological importance within the
borough and develops recommendations to protect and enhance Biodiversity in
Merton. The strategic historic landscape and biodiversity assessments will inform the
expansion of a Green Network for Merton. This is discussed in Chapter 4.
2-16
Legend
Ward Boundaries
Roads
Railways
Management Strategy
Conservation
Major improvements
Minor improvements
Note: Only shown for Metropolitan,
District, Local, Small Local Parks
Title
Volume 2
Sub Title
Kilometres
0
0.5
1
2
3
4
Figure 2.1: Appropriate Landscape
Management for Public Open
Spaces
Date
28/02/2002
Legend
Ward Boundaries
Roads
Railways
Management Strategy
Conservation
Major improvements
Minor improvements
Not accessible at time of survey
Title
Volume 2
Sub Title
Kilometres
0
0.5
1
2
3
4
Figure 2.2: Appropriate Landscape
Management for private sports
grounds and school playing fields.
Date
28/02/2002
3.
A STRATEGY TO PROMOTE BIODIVERSITY
Introduction
3.1
According to the Mayor’s draft Biodiversity Strategy (2001), biodiversity is “the
‘variety of life’, the myriad species of plants and animals on earth and the range of
habitats where they live. It also includes the genetic variation within species.
Biodiversity includes elephants, sparrows and bluebells; woodlands, rivers and
grassland” (Para 1.3). Over 150 nations signed up to protecting biodiversity at the
Rio Earth Summit in 1992.
3.2
This chapter provides an overview of the provision of nature conservation areas in
Merton and develops recommendations to protect and enhance its biodiversity as part
of an overall Open Space Strategy.
Natural Capital
3.3
Colour aerial photography reveals the borough of Merton to be extensively green with
numerous areas of open space. The largest unitary areas are Wimbledon Common,
the majority of which lies within the borough in the north-west and the similarly
extensive Mitcham Common in the south-east. Wimbledon Common has particular
biodiversity importance as a Site of Special Scientific Interest and candidate Special
Area for Conservation under the EC Habitats Directive for its heathland communities
and stag beetle populations.
3.4
Morden Hall Park, Morden Park and Wimbledon Park provide examples of sites
intermediate in area, between around 30-40 ha, and there are numerous smaller sites
scattered throughout the borough. The rivers Wandle and the Beverley Brook provide
partial corridors and focal points of biodiversity interest. The majority of the borough
is residential. Gardens form a significant area within the estates of suburban housing
and are present as narrower green corridors between the older Victorian terraces of
the urban centres.
3-1
3.5
The natural capital of the borough, on a site basis, is described in the London Ecology
Unit Handbook 29, Nature Conservation in Merton. The handbook describes 4 sites of
Metropolitan Importance, 10 sites of Grade I Borough Importance, 13 grade II sites
and 20 sites of local importance. The notified sites include both unitary areas of
wildlife interest, e.g. Morden Cemetery, Cannon Hill Common, and linear sites
providing wildlife corridors such as rivers and the semi-natural vegetation along
railway embankments. The wildlife sites are selected on nature conservation criteria
and not all are accessible areas of public open space (e.g. the railway corridors). The
handbook identifies two areas of "deficiency", i.e. areas where there are no notified
site of Metropolitan or Borough Importance accessible to the public within 1 km.
One is located in the west of the borough on the border with Kingston upon Thames
and the other in the east either side of the Streatham Junction to Mitcham Junction
railway line.
3.6
Merton has more Local Nature Reserves than any other London Borough. The ten
reserves are illustrated in Figure 3.1 and Table 3.1. Appendix A provides a list of all
open spaces in the Borough and relates them to unique ID numbers to enable
interrogation of the survey database.
Table 3.1: Local Nature Reserves in Merton
3.7
Local Nature Reserve
Area
(Hectares)
WSA ID Number
(see Appendix A)
1
Cannon Hill Common
14.4
M004
2
Sir Joseph Hood Memorial Playing Fields
2.9
M005
3
Cherrywood Open Space
1.8
M015
4
Fish Ponds Wood and Beverley Meads
5.8
M074 and 74A
5
Wandle Meadow Nature Park
3.6
M075
6
Bennetts Hole
1.2
M078
7
Merton Park Green Walk
1.6
M092
8
Myrna Close Open Space
0.7
R038
9
Oakleigh Nature Reserve
0.6
R039A
10
Morden Park
17.8
M077
There are no suggested catchment areas for LNR’s. English Nature suggests a ratio of
1ha of LNR for every 1000 population. Merton currently has 0.3ha per 1000
population. Which will decrease to 0.26ha by the year 2016. This doesn’t take into
account the distribution of the LNR’s. On the basis of the LEU 1km walking
3-2
distance, Figure 3.1 demonstrates that there are some parts of the Borough which are
not within a 1km pedestrian catchment of a LNR. These areas cover parts of the
wards of:
Village;
Hillside;
Raynes Park;
Durnsford;
Pollards Hill;
Ravensbury;
Phipps Bridge and
St Helier.
3.8
However, many of these areas are served by other sites of nature conservation
importance. Wimbledon and Mitcham Common are designated by the London
Ecology Unit as Sites of Metropolitan Importance which serve the whole of the
Borough. Wimbledon Common is also a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The
Commons meet the Local Nature Reserve deficiency in Pollards Hill, Raynes Park,
Hillside and Village wards.
3.9
This map also identifies a further 11 sites which are currently being looked at in
conjunction with English Nature. These sites are listed in table 3.2.
Table 3.2: Potential Local Nature Reserves in Merton
Proposed Local Nature Reserve
Area
(Hectares)
WSA ID Number
(see Appendix A)
1
Raynes Park Sports Ground
0.5
M021
2
The Spinney at Morden Recreation Ground
1.2
M018
3
Cranmer Green
3.2
R005
4
Moreton Green
1.6
M062
5
Pyl Brook
0.9
R061
6
Lower Wandle
2.6
R067
7
London Road Playing Fields
6.9
R011
8
Part of Ravensbury Park
7
M079
9
Part of Morden Hall Park
42
M083
10
Part of Morden Cemetery
18.5
C006
11
Derwent Road Floodwash
1.8
M093
3-3
3.10
The sites which should be prioritised are highlighted in Table 3.2 and coloured blue in
Figure 3.1. Lower Wandle is of strategic importance as it provides a link with other
sites along the river such as Wandle Meadow Nature Park. The river is a wildlife
corridor and it is recommended by English Nature that it should be considered as one
unit. English Nature also consider that the change in management of Cranmer Green
will enhance its conservation value and LNR potential. Ravensbury Park is also
considered to have high conservation value and good public access. It is also
considered that Pyl Brook has good potential due to its conservation value and local
community commitment. The designation of these sites would improve the ratio to
0.4ha per 1000 population and would help meet deficiency in the wards of Durnsford,
Village, Pollards Hill, Phipps Bridge, Ravensbury and St Helier.
3.11
Measures to improve the nature conservation value of these sites and their interest for
the public are discussed later in this Chapter.
3.12
Most of the designated and proposed LNR’s have up-to-date management plans
compiled within the last 5 years. However, the plans for Myrna Close, Bennetts Hole,
Beverley Meads and Fishponds date back to around 1992-3 and should be updated.
The plans provide a description of the nature conservation interest and the
management required to maintain that interest.
3.13
Eventually the history and nature conservation interest of each LNR will be described
in a series of leaflets. Currently the Council has published leaflets on Fishponds
Wood/Beverley meads, Myrna Close and Wandle Meadow, plus one that gives the
location of all Merton’s Parks and Nature Conservation Areas.
3.14
All sites of importance for nature conservation are protected under policy NE.4 within
the Unitary Development Plan and many fall also under Policy NE.1 on Metropolitan
Open Land. The Plan also recognises the importance of linkages between sites in its
Green Corridor and Green Chains policies (NE.5, NE.2) which promote habitat
connectivity and access links respectively. This is discussed in more detail in Chapter
4.
3.15
Policy NE.7 (Environmental Protection) of the UDP (Second Deposit Draft 2000)
states that the Council will have regard to the minimum standards of provision for
accessible natural greenspaces which have been used by the former London Ecology
Unit in assessing the provision of accessible natural greenspace in London as set out
in “Policy Criteria and Procedures for Identifying Nature Conservation Sites in
London” (former LEU, March 2000). Areas of the Borough which have poor access
to accessible natural greenspace are shown in Figure 4.1 of the UDP (2000).
3-4
3.16
In some areas of the Borough it may only be possible to provide small sites of nature
conservation interest. However, it is considered that all sites are considered to be
important regardless of their size. Smaller areas may have particular local value or
provide links in a green chain. They may also provide a significant habitat with more
importance than a larger site.
3.17
The distribution of open space in the borough is discussed in more detail in Volume 1,
Chapter 4 of this study and is based on the hierarchy developed by the London
Planning Advisory Committee (LPAC) and adopted by Merton. The LPAC hierarchy
recommends that there should be areas of nature conservation in parks within 400m of
all local residents. It was recommended by LPAC (1992) that this catchment be
refined to 280m to take account of severance factors, e.g. gradients, rail lines, busy
roads.
3.18
Each open space has been assessed to determine whether it has significant ecological
value. The results which are summarised in Table 3.3 and plotted in Figure 3.2,
demonstrate that there is extensive coverage of areas of nature conservation interest
throughout the Borough with 57 out of 182 sites containing significant ecological
value.
3.19
Figure 3.2 highlights those parts of the borough which have no nature conservation
provision within a 280m catchment area. These areas include a significant part of the
Longthornton, Graveney, Pollards Hill, Trinity, Raynes Park and Hillside wards.
However, Hillside is characterised by low density residential housing with large
gardens which are valuable nature conservation resources and is located within 1 km
of Wimbledon Common, a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Longthornton and
Graveney are also deficient in local and district parks and natural greenspace.
3.20
It is recommended that the potential of public and urban open spaces within and
beyond the borough boundary to meet these deficiencies is investigated. All sites
have potential given appropriate resources for habitat creation and management. A
comparison of Figure 3.2 with the location of public and urban open spaces (Figure
4.1 and 4.2 of this volume) demonstrates that there are a number of open spaces
which could have potential to improve the deficiency in the Copse Hill/Cottenham
Park area of Raynes Park. For example, Holland Gardens small local park and
Cottenham Park local park. There are also a number of schools which may be able to
play a nature conservation role through appropriate landscape management and
habitat creation.
3-5
3.21
It is recommended in Chapter 4 (para 4.30) that the potential for an additional green
corridor is investigated to meet nature conservation deficiency in the east of the
Borough. This corridor would incorporate Streatham Park Cemetery, Long Bolstead
Recreation Ground, Rowan Road Recreation Ground, Westminster City School
Playing Fields. It also takes advantage of site proposals for Rowan School and
Brenley Playing Fields. This is an extensive area of public and urban green space in
an area of nature conservation, natural greenspace and local and district park
deficiency. Rowan School and Brenley Playing Fields will no longer be required for
educational use and their future use should be informed by this Open Space Study.
Volume 1, Chapter 7 provides a case study relating to these sites to illustrate how the
information collected from the surveys can be used to inform planning and
management decisions.
3.22
The Council should continue to seek areas of nature conservation value to improve
the Borough’s biodiversity. However, the future management of parks should take
into account the areas deficient in Borough and Metropolitan Importance, natural
greenspace and nature conservation deficiency. Measures to improve the provision of
accessible natural greenspace or access to existing green space which is currently not
accessible should be investigated. Managing accessible sites to create nature
conservation value could also help to address deficiencies. Improving access through
additional green chains and use of development sites should also be investigated.
This is discussed further in Chapter 4.
3.23
The river corridors within the borough have been subject to studies on biodiversity,
landscape and flood alleviation. A Local Environment Agency Plan has been
compiled for the Wandle, Beverley Brook and Hogsmill (July 2000). More
sustainable approaches to flood control are now being adopted and these can offer net
benefits for wildlife where areas are retained in a natural or semi-natural state for
flood storage or where channel enhancements are undertaken. Proposals for flood
alleviation along the Beverley Brook and its tributaries are currently being considered
by the Environment Agency. These are likely to include proposals for temporary
floodwater storage on open land close to the rivers.
3-6
Table 3.3: Ecological Value of All Open Spaces
Metro
park
Dist
park
Local
park
Small
local
park
Private
Playing
Fields
School
playing
field
Sites of
wildlife
value
Allotment
Cemeteries
embankments
Total
2
4
32
28
37
46
10
14
8
1
182
2
4
15
6
8
7
10
1
3
1
57
0
1
4
2
0
0
3
0
0
0
10
SSSI
Site of Metropolitan
Importance
Site of Borough
Importance (Grd 1)
Site of Borough
Importance (Grd 2)
Site of Local
Importance
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
1
3
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
9
0
3
3
0
4
0
2
1
0
0
13
0
1
0
2
4
1
6
0
0
1
15
0
0
7
2
0
7
0
0
2
0
18
Total Designations
3
6
17
6
8
8
13
1
3
1
66
Green Corridor
Total designations
and green corridor
2
4
19
8
19
12
6
7
3
1
81
5
10
36
14
27
20
19
8
6
2
147
Ecological Value
Number of open
spaces
No of Spaces with
Significant
Ecological Value
Local Nature
Reserve
The Mayor’s Draft Biodiversity Strategy
3.24
In addition to discrete sites within the borough, additional features of importance for
biodiversity are recognised in the Mayor’s draft Biodiversity Strategy. The Strategy
identifies a number of priorities for conservation and action plans have been prepared
or are in preparation. Local borough strategies are expected to arise from this. The
Action Plans include priority habitats and species of the National Biodiversity Action
Plan that are represented in London, e.g. chalk grasslands, bats. In addition, the
strategy recognises the importance of a number of urban features such as private
gardens, wasteland, parks, and lists some declining urban species as subjects for
Action Plans, e.g. house sparrow.
3.25
The Mayor’s draft Biodiversity Strategy recognises the importance of open spaces for
wildlife and the amenity that this provides to the residents of London. Implicit in all
Biodiversity strategies is the understanding that site conservation alone is unlikely to
achieve the aim of conserving genetic diversity and that local agendas and local action
are needed to achieve the mutual benefits for wildlife conservation and human
3-7
enjoyment. In many cases, the more successful biodiversity initiatives arise from the
participation of local communities with a vested interest in the resource, an interest
often fostered by active participation in planning, decision making or site
management, activities which confer a sense of ownership and investment.
The Merton Local Biodiversity Action Plan
3.26
The Merton Local Biodiversity Action Plan Partnership was established in the
Summer of 1998 and consists of representatives from the London Borough of Merton,
London Ecology Unit (now Greater London Authority), London Wildlife Trust,
Merton Heritage and Ecology Action Group, Merton Tree Wardens, Mitcham
Common Conservators, National Trust, Wimbledon and Putney Commons
Conservators and Merton Going for Green. Merton Groundwork are also invited to
attend Partnership meetings. The Partnership meets on a quarterly cycle.
3.27
Excluding privately owned suburban gardens and land owned by public utilities, the
aforementioned organisations are directly responsible for the management (or advice
on management) of the majority of Merton’s wildlife sites.
3.28
The aim of the Partnership is to draft a Local Biodiversity Action Plan (LBAP) that
will identify habitats and species that merit particular protection and enhancement,
and to that end establish targets and a monitoring procedure. The LBAP will take into
account the habitats and species that have been selected as national and regional
priorities and which occur locally, but it will also reflect local priorities.
3.29
To date the Partnership has adopted the following habitats.
3.30
Grasslands (acidic and neutral)
Ponds, Lakes and Wetlands
Private Gardens
Best Trees
Eventually each of the selected habitats will have a Habitat Action Plan (HAP) that
will contain a series of aims, objectives, actions and targets. Together these HAPs will
form Merton’s LBAP. Additional habitats, or possibly species, can be added to the
LBAP on the recommendation of the Partnership.
3-8
3.31
Grasslands, Ponds, Lakes and Wetlands were chosen because these represent the most
important habitat types in the Borough, in a London context. There is likely to be only
limited involvement of the wider public in the implementation of the actions listed in
these HAPs, because the habitat types are managed by landowners such as the
Council and Boards of Conservators. The choice of Private Gardens and Best Trees
was to some extent determined because Merton has an active Tree Warden scheme
and many horticultural and allotment societies. These offer considerable opportunity
for Merton residents to become actively involved in the preservation and
enhancement of the Borough’s biodiversity.
Development of Merton’s LBAP
3.32
In early 2001 the Partnership resolved to establish sub-groups that would develop the
Best Trees HAP and the Garden HAP. With regard to the other habitats it was
decided to await the publication of the relevant HAPs in the London Biodiversity
Action Plan and tailor these to fit the Borough of Merton. The London Acid
Grassland HAP has recently been published and HAPs for Neutral Grassland, and
Ponds, Lakes and Wetlands will be drafted later this year.
3.33
The Best Trees HAP sub-group is made up of representatives from Merton’s Tree
Warden scheme and the Borough’s Tree Officers. The group has recently finalised a
list of criteria against which Best Trees will be selected. The two Tree Officers (from
Environmental Services and Leisure) have taken a leading role in the development of
this HAP. Their support is needed to ensure the successful development of this HAP.
3.34
The Garden (re-named Gardens & Allotments) HAP sub-group meets monthly and
has representatives from Merton’s allotment and horticultural societies, the Going for
Green officer (Chair), the Council and Merton Groundwork. The group has already
had published a series of articles in the local newspaper, organised lectures on topics
such as wildlife and organic gardening, designed a HAP logo, has a web page and
staged a display at Merton’s Horticultural Show. It is currently investigating
commercial (and Council) sponsorship that will fund the production of a leaflet to be
distributed to every household. Although a written document has yet to be produced,
in reality the HAP is already being implemented. It is hoped to officially launch the
Gardens & Allotments HAP following the distribution of the leaflet. The sub-group
has benefited from a small amount of funding from Leisure Services.
3.35
Merton’s LBAP process is on target to produce draft Habitat Action Plans for Best
Trees and Gardens and Allotments by Spring 2002, provided that the current level of
Council Officer involvement is maintained. With regard to the other HAPs, the Acid
3-9
Grassland draft will be completed later in the year and the others will follow on from
the production of the London Biodiversity Action Plans.
3.36
To date the LBAP has not been supported by a budget or a BAP Officer (as is the case
in some London Boroughs). Funding will be needed to drive the implementation of
the LBAP. The Partnership will be better placed to advise on the required level of
funding once the LBAP is adopted. In the meantime the significance of Merton’s
Biodiversity Action Plan should be recognised in the forthcoming community
strategy.
Biodiversity and the Open Space Strategy
3.37
Together with the Borough of Merton, many local authorities throughout the UK have
specific local planning policies to protect green spaces in the urban and sub-urban
context with initiatives such as Green Chains to promote access (new UDP Policy
NE.5: Management of Land). Many are positively considering urban open spaces as a
biodiversity resource within the multiple-use framework, together with the
management commitment required to maintain or enhance the wildlife aspects by
positive actions such as woodland planting (e.g. Cambridgeshire, Kingston upon
Thames, Nottingham, Southampton, Westminster, Northamptonshire, and Dundee).
3.38
A fundamental tenet of an open space strategy in an urban environment is that there
should be presumption for the retention of all areas of open space, both for the
intrinsic recreational and non-recreational value of open space and to ensure sufficient
supply to cope with increasing population, demand from beyond the boundaries and
to protect and enhance biodiversity within Merton and London as a whole.
3.39
Where other developmental resources or requirements have to be considered for
certain areas of open space, a system to evaluate the overall biodiversity interest of
the open spaces within the borough is needed. Such a system should involve a series
of decisions based on sound information on the resource and its spatial context in
relation to other areas of open space and the nature of any connections between.
Stage 1
Information acquisition by site survey and mapping – classify according to
habitat type, size, presence of rare or uncommon species, connections to
other habitats, proximity to other habitats, and type of public use.
3-10
Stage 2
Evaluation of the site according to the criteria of habitat type, size,
connectivity and proximity criteria, value to the local community, potential
for enhancement.
3.40
The Stage 1 exercise has been undertaken by the LEU and is available for planning
purposes. Criteria for evaluation in Stage 2 are relatively well established,
particularly in relation to habitat assessment which relies on the standards set for the
selection of biological SSSI's (Nature Conservancy Council 1989) and adapted by the
Wildlife Trusts for local Sites of Nature Conservation Interest. The criteria rely
mainly on habitat classification based on plant communities and the importance of the
site for uncommon plant or animal species or diverse animal assemblages. The
criteria of connectivity and proximity may be illustrated by the diagram below which
indicates an ideal urban network of natural open spaces.
Figure 3.3: An Urban Open Space Network
Buffer zone
Core
area
Green chain of
smaller sites –
close links
Wildlife
corridors
Green chain –
dispersed links
3.41
Core areas represent the best sites within the borough for nature conservation on
habitat and size criteria. The larger the sites, the more effective is a buffer zone
around the core which attenuates potentially disturbing urban impacts of noise, visual
disturbance or poor air quality. Sites should ideally be connected by wildlife
corridors. Broad corridors, themselves with an element of habitat diversity, e.g. river
corridors, are generally better than narrow corridors, e.g. a narrow railway
embankment or linear stand of trees, and it should be remembered that mobility
depends on the species and the nature of the corridor. A chain of smaller sites may
act as “stepping stones” for the more mobile species, particularly if they themselves
are connected by features such as tree avenues or terrace gardens. In general, the
3-11
closer the links in the chain, the greater the value to wildlife and the greater the public
amenity.
3.42
Stage 3. Hierarchical Classification requires a number of key analytical activities to
be undertaken in order to rank areas of open space in terms of value for nature
conservation and to the community. This builds on the LEU classification but takes it
to a more detailed level which will help to inform investment priorities.
Can the site be readily evaluated according to its biodiversity (invoking the
criteria of habitat, size, rarity etc.)?
Can the site be ranked according to its connectivity with other sites?
Does the site function as a wildlife corridor?
Does the site function in a green chain?
Can the site be managed or improved to enhance any of the above functions,
e.g. sites contiguous with, or adjacent to, existing wildlife corridors?
Does the site, or can the site, fulfil the criteria proposed by the former LEU,
i.e. a natural green space within 1km of each home?
Does the site meet an area of Metropolitan and Borough Nature Conservation
Importance deficiency?
Has the site particular value for the local community e.g. easily accessible
(within 280m), used by children as a play area?
3.43
Such a classification system would result in a high ranking for large sites of intrinsic
biodiversity interest, easily accessible to the public, and connected to other sites by
broad natural or semi-natural corridors. In contrast, a small area of species poor
habitat, with no connections with other sites, nor any nearby sites to form a green
chain, and poor public access, would occupy a position at the other end of the
spectrum.
3.44
However, it should be remembered that all sites have potential given appropriate
resources for habitat creation and management, with the larger areas generally holding
more potential than small sites. Extensive areas of species-poor amenity grassland
can be planted to provide, over time, high quality woodland. Even smaller sites may
develop particular wildlife interest or community value if managed appropriately, e.g.
providing a pond or a wildlife garden. Small sites and local paths can also be
3-12
particularly important for children’s play as noted by EN (Research Report No. 256)
and may provide a safe local transport network for pedestrians or cyclists.
3.45
The above schemes, in ranking sites in order of importance, or proposing positive
improvements to sites and linkages, need to consider the adjacent areas beyond the
borough boundary in order to arrive at an appropriate strategy on which sound
planning decisions may be made.
3.46
Stage 4. Management Planning has been undertaken for the Local Nature Reserves in
the borough and the proposed LNR's. This principle should be extended to all areas
of open space, including their linkages, in sufficient detail as necessary to retain, over
the long term, the features and characteristics for which the sites are valued. Local
community participation should be fostered to enhance the sense of ownership and the
assessment of positive value. Inherent in site management is the process of
monitoring the effects of that management and ensuring that repeat surveys of the
desired resources take place. An awareness of regional and national trends in the
biodiversity resource will assist in reappraising sites and their management where
necessary.
3.47
Future planning should also seek opportunities for biodiversity gain in relation to
changes in land use, focussing both on key sites and the linkages between sites. Such
changes could include obtaining land adjacent to key sites for site enlargement and
enhancement, seeking additional land along the corridors of the River Wandle and
Beverley Brook for reinstatement to natural riparian habitat, avenue tree planting
along the roads or replacing fences along footpaths with hedges to improve green
chain links. Native species are to be preferred throughout unless there are key
constraints at certain sites, such as in the more formal parks and gardens, or where
species are selected for particular environmental conditions, e.g. areas of poor air
quality.
3.48
Open spaces where multiple uses remain a key requirement, or where multiple use is
to be encouraged, may be enhanced for wildlife by a variety of well established
methods in landscaping and habitat creation. For example, land with core areas under
intensive use such as sports pitches, may have peripheral areas by the boundaries or
between pitches where changes in land management may be accommodated.
Enhancement strategies include:
Tree planting to include a high proportion of, or complete stock of native
species, according to the site. Consider adding native woodland herb species;
3-13
Management of existing trees by pollarding or coppicing as appropriate, the
former being traditional for willows along river corridors;
Allow development of dead-wood habitats, retaining standing dead timber
where safe to do so, and especially fallen (or stacked) dead timber;
Where space allows, resist linear plantations and add graded and scalloped
edges of smaller trees and shrub species, again with native species preferred;
Provide groupings of native shrubs, particularly where lack of space or other
considerations constrains the planting of large trees;
Replace fences with hedgerows;
Allow development of tall-grass/tall herb communities along the edges of
shrub formations, vary and maintain by appropriate mowing regimes adopting
late-summer/early autumn cuts over a 2-3 year cycle;
Where appropriate, encourage a turf of medium height rich in native grass
species and native wildflowers, managed by one or two annual cuts with
removal of arisings. In certain areas e.g. parts of Cannizaro Park, higher
diversity grasslands may already be present, for most areas wildflower seeding
will be necessary to enhance species-poor amenity grassland;
Vary landforms to induce variation in drainage and aspect, thereby
encouraging natural diversity to develop;
Consider lowering ground levels in river flood plains - this may assist in
improving flood storage, and introduce or encourage marshland plants and
new water features;
Continue to seek improvements to river corridors, encourage natural river
banks with geomorphological diversity, e.g. cut cliffs, shallow-water margins
and ledges, depositional bars, and encourage areas of natural riparian
vegetation to form a mosaic between wooded reaches, riparian scrub and open
semi-natural grassland and marsh;
Where continuity of river corridors cannot be achieved, seek to restore
connectivity through green links beyond the immediate river channel;
Use landscaping and habitat creation schemes to improve connectivity for
wildlife across sites of low diversity e.g. amenity grassland.
3-14
3.49
The open space strategy, incorporating sound management at site level, should
nevertheless remain flexible so as to be able to respond to environmental change,
changes that may result in increasing rarity of certain habitats or species. A healthy
stock of capital assets, invested in the resources inherent in the areas of open space,
can provide for a good degree of flexibility in order to respond to future priorities that
may arise from human needs or ecological changes.
Figure 3.4: Planning Stages for Identifying New Open Space
1. Information
Acquisition
2. Site
Evaluation
Public
Participation
3. Site
Classification
Appraise
resources
beyond
borough
boundaries
4. Site
Management
Planning
Open spaces
lost,
converted to
alternative
use
Feedback loop
for monitoring
effects of
management
and reevaluation of
resources
Appraise
resources
beyond
borough
boundaries
New open spaces
gained from
changes in land
use
Mitigation
Conclusions
3.50
Merton is a green Borough which benefits from numerous areas of open space
including Wimbledon Common which has particular biodiversity importance and
Mitcham Common in the south-east. Morden Hall Park, Morden Park and
Wimbledon Park provide examples of sites intermediate in area and there are
numerous smaller sites scattered throughout the borough. The rivers Wandle and the
Beverley Brook provide partial corridors and focal points of biodiversity interest. The
3-15
majority of the borough is residential and gardens form a significant area within the
estates of suburban housing and are present as narrower green corridors between the
older Victorian terraces of the urban centres.
3.51
The Borough has ten Local Nature Reserves. However, on the basis of the LEU 1km
walking distance there are large parts of the Borough which are not within a 1km
pedestrian catchment of a LNR. These areas cover large parts of the Village, Hillside,
Raynes Park, Durnsford, Pollards Hill, Ravensbury, Phipps Bridge and St Helier.
However, Wimbledon and Mitcham Commons help to meet deficiency in the Pollards
Hill, Raynes Park, Hillside and Village wards.
3.52
Eleven additional sites are currently being investigated for designation as Local
Nature Reserves. It is recommended that the designation of the sites within the Lower
Wandle, Cranmer Green and Ravensbury Park are pursued. The designation of these
four sites would help to meet areas of Local Nature Reserve deficiency in the wards
of Durnsford, Village, Pollards Hill, Phipps Bridge, Ravensbury and St Helier.
3.53
There is extensive coverage of areas of nature conservation interest throughout the
open spaces in the Borough with 57 out of 182 sites containing significant ecological
value. Areas deficient in any nature conservation interest include a significant part of
the Longthornton, Graveney, Pollards Hill, Trinity, Raynes Park and Hillside wards.
However, Hillside is characterised by low density residential housing with large
gardens which are valuable nature conservation resources. Raynes Park and Hillside
are also located within 1km of Wimbledon Common, a Site of Special Scientific
Interest. Longthornton and Graveney are also areas deficient in local and district
parks and natural greenspace.
3.54
There are a number of open spaces which could have potential to improve the
deficiency in the Copse Hill/Cottenham Park area of Raynes Park. For example,
Holland Gardens small local park and Cottenham Park local park. There are also a
number of schools which may be able to play a nature conservation role through
appropriate landscape management and habitat creation.
3.55
It is recommended in Chapter 4 (para 4.30) that the potential for an additional green
corridor is investigated to meet nature conservation deficiency in the east of the
Borough.
3.56
The future management of parks should take into account the areas deficient in
Borough and Metropolitan Importance, natural greenspace and nature conservation
deficiency. Measures to improve the provision of accessible natural greenspace or
3-16
access to existing green space which is currently not accessible should be
investigated. Managing accessible sites to create nature conservation value could also
help to address deficiencies. Improving access through additional green chains and
use of development sites should also be investigated (see Chapter 4).
3.57
A Local Biodiversity Action Plan Partnership has been established to draft a Local
Biodiversity Action Plan that will identify habitats and species that merit particular
protection and enhancement, and to that end establish targets and a monitoring
procedure. The partnership has adopted four different habitats which will each
benefit from its own Habitat Action Plan. It is considered that the Partnership and
process would benefit from a budget and a dedicated Biodiversity Action Plan
Officer.
3.58
It is recommended that hierarchical classification of open spaces is undertaken in
order to rank the spaces in terms of value for nature conservation and to the
community. This ranking could inform the Priority Matrix discussed in Volume 1 to
determine investment priorities and the planning and management of sites.
Recommendations for Further Action
3.59
It is recommended that the following measures are undertaken with the aim of
protecting and enhancing biodiversity within the Borough:
Ensure management plans already produced are fully implemented;
Continue to protect the resource by progressing with the formal declaration of
proposed LNR’s, prioritising Lower Wandle, Cranmer Green, Ravensbury
Park and Pyl Brook;
Complete appraisal, evaluation and of all green spaces by undertaking separate
assessments of cemeteries, allotments and areas of amenity space, e.g. along
highways and within housing areas;
Support the LBAP process through dedicated staffing and resources and foster
community participation;
Rank open spaces in terms of their nature conservation and interest to the
public;
3-17
Formulate biodiversity enhancement plans for sites where multiple use may be
accommodated and undertake appropriate landscape planting and habitat
creation;
Continue to enhance river corridors and improve connectivity of riparian
habitat;
Improve green-chain links between sites by seeking opportunities for planting
tree and shrub avenues, replacing fences with hedges, providing lightly
managed semi-natural grassland edges;
Provide better interpretation of open spaces both within and outside them to
encourage ease of access and provide educational information;
Seek areas where land-use may be changed to provide new areas of open
space, particularly in mitigation for any areas of existing open space deemed
redundant and permanently lost to development (see Figure 4.7).
Strategic Objectives
3.60
To develop the provision and distribution of Local Nature Reserves.
3.61
To seek to meet deficiencies in Metropolitan and Borough Sites of Importance for
Nature Conservation.
3.62
To seek to meet deficiencies in natural greenspace.
3.63
To seek to ensure that all areas of the Borough are within 280m of an area of nature
conservation interest.
3.64
To support the development of the Local Biodiversity Action Plan.
3-18
Legend
Ward Boundaries
Roads
Railways
Local Nature Reserves
1km Pedestrian Catchment
Proposed Local
Nature Reserve
1km Pedestrian Catchment
Potential Local
Nature Reserve
Title
Volume 2
Sub Title
Kilometres
0
0.5
1
2
3
4
Figure 3.1: Accessibility to Local
Nature Reserves
Date
28/02/2002
Legend
Ward Boundaries
Roads
Railways
Site of Nature Conservation Value
General Public Access
De Facto Public Access
Restricted Access
Shared Use
Unknown - not part of open
space survey
Pedestrian Catchments
280m Pedestrian Catchment
400m Pedestrian Catchment
N.B. This map does not show the river and
rail corridorswhich have variable access
arrangements.
These corridors are illustrated on Vol. 2. Fig. 4.3.
Title
Merton
Open Space Study
Volume 2
Sub Title
Kilometres
0
0.3
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.4
Figure 3.2: Pedestrian Accessibility
to Areas of Nature Conservation Value
Date
28/02/2002
4.
DEVELOPMENT OF A GREEN NETWORK
Introduction
4.1
One of the main aims of the strategic landscape and biodiversity assessment is to
consolidate the existing green network within Merton and look at ways of providing
further linkages between presently remote sites. The ultimate aim will be to provide
links into the adjoining boroughs, to form a south-west green network.
Overall Landscape Pattern and Networks
4.2
It is important to protect the extensive network of existing green spaces and links, as
they will form a basis for its future expansion. These existing routes run primarily
along railway and river corridors, and through and around parks, sports pitches,
cemeteries, allotments, amenity areas, sites of wildlife value and other open spaces.
Some of these open spaces are linked together by the rivers and railways, forming
more extensive networks.
4.3
Figure 4.1 illustrates all the public open spaces in the borough, an analysis of the
distribution and quality of these spaces is provided in Volume 1. Figure 4.2 shows all
the urban or private green spaces and Community sites. The playing fields were
assessed with the public open spaces and information on their access, function,
facilities and condition is incorporated into the database. The community sites
(allotments and cemeteries) have not been assessed but it is recommended that
separate assessments are undertaken to determine their condition and their amenity,
social and educational value. The value of these spaces and their potential to meet
open space deficiencies is discussed in Volume 1, Chapters 6 and 7.
4.4
The Public open Spaces and Urban or Private Green Spaces including community
sites along with green corridors, green chains, walking and cycle routes are already
designated features and sites which comprise a green network within the Borough and
into neighbouring boroughs.
4-1
Green Corridors
4.5
Figure 4.3 illustrates open spaces which have nature conservation interest and Figure
4.4 provides a picture of the extensive network of green corridors (UDP Policy NE.5:
Green Corridors). These run along river and railway corridors and across a number
of the many open spaces within the Borough. The river and railway corridors provide
relatively continuous areas of green space running through the built environment,
linking in some cases, to larger green spaces, thereby providing a more extensive
network. The railway corridors are generally not accessible to people, but they allow
for the movement of some fauna and flora, between different areas and habitats.
Green Chains
4.6
The Council has designated a number of green chains, as an informal recreation
resource, which surround and link open space areas, and provide walking and cycling
routes (Policy NE.2: Green Chains). Green chains have been provided to achieve
linkages between, around and through the open spaces, providing informal
recreational opportunities for walking and cycling. The existing green chain network
is illustrated in Figure 4.5.
4.7
There is scope for providing additional green chains between less well connected
sections and areas classified as deficient in open space with the provision of footpaths
and cycleways. Actual ‘greening’ of the current and future chains could involve
reducing widths of roads, where possible, implementation of traffic calming
measures, traffic management, planting up of vacant and derelict open sites, and tree
and/or hedgerow planting within streets (see para 4.29 for proposals).
4.8
Future new development occurring adjacent to the river areas should be encouraged to
provide riverside walks, or open spaces.
4.9
The aim will be to provide a series of differing length routes accessible to the public,
as footpaths and/or cycle routes, linking important green spaces together, and picking
out areas, features and buildings of historical or other importance, to provide points of
interest between them. Where possible, the start and finish points of these routes
should link closely to public transport, thereby allowing ease of access to them, to a
wider range of the population. The Wandle is already well provided for with
footpaths, either immediately adjacent to, or within close vicinity of the river, along
its entire length within the London Borough of Merton. The close proximity of the
Graveney to the railway and back gardens makes the provision of footpaths difficult,
although it may be possible along certain short sections. There are some missing
4-2
sections along parts of Pyl Brook and Beverley Brook, however this is mainly due to
the river running through private land. The opportunity to provide these missing links
could be taken in conjunction with any planning proposals on this land. Plans to
extend the Beverley Brook walk south from Cambridge Avenue, New Malden should
be supported.
4.10
Creating a green network will help to protect and improve the open spaces, and
reduce the likelihood of further new building from taking place in these areas. The
network will also help to address open space deficiency by prioritising the
introduction of tree planting, cycle and walking routes in these areas, improving the
local amenity and connectivity to larger open spaces.
Cycle Routes
4.11
As a result of existing cycle movements and demand, a network of cycle routes was
developed (Policy WC.5: Cycle Routes). A local priority cycle route network was
identified by the Council as a long term programme. This formed the basis for
Merton’s section of the London Cycling Network (LCN), which was adopted by the
Boroughs and the Government Agencies for London in 1996 and is illustrated in
Figure 4.6. The aim of the LCN is to provide a network of safe cycle routes, linking
residential areas with all the major centres of employment, retail, leisure and transport
across the capital. A number of additional cycle routes have been proposed in the
UDP and in this document (para 4.29), providing the ‘missing’ links in the current
cycle route network. These proposed routes should be implemented.
Footpaths and Bridleways
4.12
There are already a number of leisure walking routes and public footpaths in existence
within the London Borough of Merton, these are also shown in Figure 4.6. They are
concentrated mainly through and around areas of public open space, with few links
between them. There is some potential to increase the numbers of footpaths between
some of these open spaces, thereby allowing or encouraging people to walk between
them. This could be carried out comparatively easily, by reducing the impact of traffic
along certain routes, with traffic calming measures, and making safe places for people
to cross roads. These measures, in addition to the planting of shrubs and/or trees
along streets, would create a more pleasant environment for walking along, whilst
also providing a more continuous network for wildlife.
4.13
Informal recreation has considerable health benefits for physical and emotional wellbeing (Policy L.1: Informal Recreation). The majority of the population are more
4-3
likely to participate in passive, rather than active recreation, and provision should be
made for them to do this, by encouraging them and making it as easy and inviting as
possible (cross-ref Volume 1, Chapter 6).
Public Open Space
4.14
There are a large number of public open spaces within the London Borough of
Merton, varying greatly in size and scale (Policy L.5: Public Parks and Open Spaces
and Policy L.7: Public Open Space). Within these spaces, a balance needs to be
reached, between providing increased public access, and providing areas of increased
ecological diversity, where public access should be controlled or restricted. Factors to
be considered when deciding the appropriate balance include the size of space,
location within the borough, i.e. if it is within an area rich or deprived of open space,
and the value and importance of the ecological habitat to be protected.
4.15
Measures to improve the quality of these areas, and make them better green chains
would be comparatively easy to implement.
Sports Pitches and Formal Recreation Areas
4.16
The sports facilities within the Borough fall into both public and private ownership.
The majority of uses are sports pitches and golf courses. Generally, the sports pitches
do little to contribute to the biodiversity of the borough, as they tend to have short
mown grass throughout the whole site, and few or no trees planted. Golf courses, with
a variation in mown fairways and greens, longer grass and trees and shrubs in the
areas of rough, and the provision of water hazards, are ecologically richer habitats,
providing more valuable green corridors.
4.17
Simple variations in management and maintenance regimes could increase the
diversity of habitats of both the sports fields and golf courses. A greater range in
mowing regimes – keeping pitches close mown, and allowing the grass around the
edges to grow longer; planting of trees and or hedgerows around the boundaries of
these areas; planting of wildflower plugs in the areas of longer grass would all
contribute to providing better quality green corridors.
River Corridors and Flood Plains
4.18
The Borough has a number of river corridors: River Wandle, Beverley Brook, Pyl
Brook and the River Graveney, are the major ones, but there are other smaller ones,
too (Policy L.3: Water Environments and Policy L.4: River Wandle). These are an
4-4
important natural resource, and they already provide and give the opportunity for the
creation of the diversity of riparian habitats. They are virtually continuous green
corridors, often linking back into larger areas of open space. Opportunities to extend
the green chains along river corridors are often constrained by access.
Private Gardens
4.19
From the aerial photographs, it is possible to see that the majority of green space
within the London Borough of Merton is made up by private gardens, which create
narrow green corridors through and between the residential areas. Whilst the gardens
are not accessible to the general public, they form an important resource and habitat
for the native flora and fauna of the area, providing invaluable and often irreplaceable
links between larger areas of open space. When creating further green chains from
areas adjacent to these gardens, their importance should be recognised and utilised.
Cemeteries
4.20
Cemeteries are an often forgotten, but valuable resource in the provision of habitat
diversity. There is potential to link the existing cemeteries into the green corridors
within the Borough. Some of the areas are very intensively managed and maintained,
allowing limited biodiversity, in other areas there is more limited management to
encourage a wider range of habitats. Older cemeteries and margins around many of
them have mature trees, and often less manicured edges, which contribute to the
diversity of these areas.
Allotments
4.21
Allotments present the opportunity to provide links in the green corridors, as they are
often very rich and diverse in habitat range. The margins and empty plots are usually
left un-maintained, allowing naturally occurring species to colonise and become
established in these areas. They are a valuable resource within the environment and
should be protected.
4.22
Uncultivated corners of individual plots and neglected strips can provide a refuge for
amphibians and reptiles, invertebrates and small mammals. Vacant plots could be
deliberately managed as wildlife meadows. Organic gardening practices are also
helpful in maximising biodiversity value and preventing negative environmental
effects.
4-5
4.23
Volume 1, Chapter 6 identifies that allotments and cemeteries can play a valuable role
in improving the visual amenity and nature conservation interest of an area. They are
often important links in green corridors. It is recommended that further assessments
are undertaken to assess the quality of allotments and cemeteries and other areas of
green amenity space, for example, within housing areas and along highways in the
borough, and identify the existing and future contribution they can make to open
space provision and biodiversity in Merton, linking them to the wider green corridor
networks, when appropriate. The Garden Habitat Action Plan group could take this
forward for allotments.
UDP Proposals
4.24
There are a number of site proposals identified in the UDP. These are illustrated in
Figure 4.7: Existing Green Network and UDP Site Proposals. There is an opportunity
to request improvements to existing walking and cycling routes, green corridors and
open spaces that fall within, or run adjacent to the sites with current development
applications. This is especially important within areas of open space and nature
conservation deficiency (cross-ref Volume 2, Figure 3.2 and Volume 1, Figure 4.3).
4.25
Many of the existing site proposals already include the enhancement or restoration of
parks, nature conservation works and open space/recreation. Bushey Park Middle
School is located in the west of the Borough adjacent to the boundary with Kingston.
This site is proposed for open space and nature conservation in the UDP and could be
amalgamated with land over the boundary. The deficiency maps in Volume 1
demonstrate that it could be used to meet local deficiency in local and district park
provision. Measures to improve access over the A3 would need to be investigated.
Links into Surrounding Boroughs
4.26
It is important not just to think of creating green chains and corridors within the
London Borough of Merton, but to look at creating links on a more strategic level,
with the surrounding boroughs, in order to create a green network for south-west
London, similar in scale to the existing green chain already established in south-east
London. Liaison with the adjacent boroughs will need to be undertaken, to enable
these links to be established.
4.27
Lambeth and Croydon are comparatively deficient in open space, having more built
up areas, but there are still potential links that can be made through Clapham
Common, cemeteries and smaller parks. The London Borough of Wandsworth
appears to have the greatest potential for extending the green chains and corridors
4-6
through the River Wandle, Wimbledon Common, Putney Heath, Wandsworth
Common, Clapham Common, Battersea Park, Wandsworth Park, cemeteries, and its
large frontage with the River Thames. The London Boroughs of Sutton and Kingston
provide potential links along many riparian features – the River Wandle, Beverley
Brook, River Thames, and through Richmond Park, sewage farms, well connected
sports fields and golf courses.
Proposed Additional Green Chains and Corridors
4.28
There are few opportunities remaining to create further green chains within the
Borough due to access constraints. It is also recognised that there is already an
extensive and comprehensive network of existing and proposed cycle and walking
routes. The establishment of green corridors is subject to detailed LEU assessment.
4.29
However, a number of additional links in the green network are proposed. These are
illustrated in Figure 4.8 and are based on areas which have been identified as being
deficient in open space, natural greenspace and nature conservation deficiency. The
proposed cycle routes link to existing routes and open spaces to improve accessibility
to larger open spaces.
4.30
It is also recommended that the potential for an additional green corridor in the east of
the Borough is investigated. This corridor would incorporate Streatham Park
Cemetery, Long Bolstead Recreation Ground, Rowan Road Recreation Ground,
Westminster City School Playing Fields. It also takes advantage of site proposals for
Rowan School and Brenley Playing Fields. This is an extensive area of public and
urban green space in an area of nature conservation, natural greenspace and local and
district park deficiency. Rowan School and Brenley Playing Fields will no longer be
required for educational use and their future use should be informed by this Open
Space Study. Volume 1, Chapter 7 provides a case study relating to these sites to
illustrate how the information collected from the surveys can be used to inform
planning and management decisions.
Conclusion
4.31
It has been identified that Merton has an extensive network of open spaces, green
corridors and chains, cycle and walking routes which are important for their amenity
and ecological value as well as their formal and informal recreational role. This
network should be consolidated through measures to improve amenity, ecological and
recreational value and public access where appropriate.
4-7
4.32
The opportunity should be taken to request improvements to parts of the network that
fall within, or run adjacent to the sites with current development applications. This is
especially important within areas of open space and nature conservation deficiency
4.33
It is important to look at creating links on a more strategic level, with the surrounding
boroughs, in order to create a green network for south-west London, similar in scale
to the existing green chain already established in south-east London. Liaison with the
adjacent boroughs will need to be undertaken, to enable these links to be established.
4.34
A number of additional chains are proposed based on areas which have been
identified as being deficient in open space, natural greenspace and nature conservation
deficiency. The chain links should take the form of cycle and walking routes and
should be greened to encourage safe and enjoyable use of the routes.
4.35
There are a number of measures that should be taken to protect and enhance the Green
Network:
Explore the potential to improve the existing cycle and walking links between
open spaces through tree and shrub planting and traffic calming measures;
Prioritise this ‘greening’ of links within areas which are deficient in open space
and nature conservation provision (refer to Volume 2 Chapter 3 and Volume 1,
Chapter 4);
Incorporate the recommendations outlined in Chapter 3 to inform the
implementation and management of new and existing network links and open
spaces;
Undertake separate assessments on cemeteries and allotments and other green
amenity areas to identify the existing and potential contribution they make to
biodiversity and the open space network;
A partnership will need to be formulated between all of the adjoining London
Boroughs, in order to realise the fruition of the south-west London Green Chain.
Overall guidelines can be produced for all of the boroughs, using many of the
recommendations detailed above, before more detailed master plans are designed
for specific sections of the proposed green network.
4-8
4.36
To protect and enhance the existing Green Network.
4.37
To seek to establish a South-West London Green Network partnership.
4-9
4-10
Legend
Ward Boundaries
Roads
Railways
Metropolitan park
District park
Local park
Small local park and
open space
Title
Merton
Open Space Study
Volume 2
Sub Title
Kilometres
0
0.5
1
2
Figure 4.1: Public Open Spaces
3
4
Date
28/02/2002
Legend
Ward Boundaries
Roads
Railways
Allotments
Cemeteries and Churchyards
Private Playing Fields /
Sports Grounds
Title
Merton
Open Space Study
Volume 2
Sub Title
Kilometres
0
0.5
1
2
3
4
Figure 4.2: Urban Green Spaces
and Community Sites
Date
28/02/2002
Legend
Ward Boundaries
Roads
Railways
Areas of Nature
Conservation Value
Title
Merton
Open Space Study
Volume 2
Sub Title
Kilometres
0
0.5
1
2
3
4
Figure 4.3: Areas of Nature
Conservation Value
Date
28/02/2002
Legend
Ward Boundaries
Roads
Railways
Green Corridors
Source: UDP 1999
Title
Merton
Open Space Study
Volume 2
Sub Title
Kilometres
0
0.5
1
2
3
4
Figure 4.4: Green Corridors
Date
28/02/2002
Legend
Roads
Railways
Green Chains
Open Spaces
Borough Boundary
Source: UDP 1999
Title
Merton
Open Space Study
Volume 2
Sub Title
Kilometres
0
0.375
0.75
1.5
2.25
3
Figure 4.5: Green Chains
Date
28/02/2002
Green Chain, Green Corridor,
Walking Route, Cycle Route
Legend
Roads
Railways
Walking Route
Cycle Route
Cycle Route (Proposed)
Green Chain
Open Space
(Green Corridors, Site
of Nature Conservation
Value, Metropolitan
Park, District Park, Local
and Small Parks, Playing
Fields, Allotments,
Cemeteries)
Green Corridor
Borough Boundary
Source: Open Space Survey and
UDP 1999
Volume 2
Title
Sub Title
Kilometres
0
0.45
0.9
1.8
2.7
3.6
Figure 4.6: Existing Green Network
Date
28/02/2002
Green Chain, Green Corridor
Legend
Roads
Railways
Walking Route
Cycle Route
Green Chain
UDP Site Proposals
Open Space (Green
Corridors, Site of Nature
Conservation Value,
Metropolitan Park,
District Park, Local
Fields, Allotments,
Cemeteries)
Green Corridor
Borough Boundary
Source: UDP 1999
Volume 2
Title
Sub Title
Figure 4.7: Existing Green Network and
UDP Site Proposals
Date
28/02/2002
Green Chain, Green Corridor,
Legend
Roads
Railways
Walking Route
Cycle Route
Cycle Route
(Proposed in UDP 1999)
Green Chain
Green Chain (Proposed)
Green Corridor
Green Corridor
(investigate potential)
Open Space
(Green Corridors, Site
of Nature Conservation
Value, Metropolitan
Park, District Park, Local
Fields, Allotments,
Cemeteries)
Borough Boundary
Volume 2
Title
Sub Title
Kilometres
0
0.4
0.8
1.6
2.4
3.2
Figure 4.8: Proposed Additional
Green Chains and Corridors
Date
28/02/2002
5.
CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
Merton is one of the greenest boroughs in London and benefits from a varied and well
protected historic landscape. However, the distribution of open spaces, nature
conservation areas and significant landscape features is not evenly spread across the
borough.
5.2
The majority of sites which are considered to need major or minor landscape
improvements are in the east of the Borough. Landscape management should take
account of the need to provide natural greenspace and areas of nature conservation in
these deficiency areas.
5.3
There exists a comprehensive Green Network within Merton. It incorporates open
spaces including parks, playing fields, river and rail corridors, allotments and
cemeteries and demonstrates the potential of all these spaces to play a role in
improving access for everyone to open spaces within and outside the borough.
5.4
The greening of the linkages between open spaces is especially important in areas
which have been identified as being deficient in open space, natural greenspace and
nature conservation provision. If it is not possible to provide additional open spaces
in these areas, then they may benefit from improved tree planting, traffic calming
measures, cycle and walking routes to enable safer, quicker more attractive access to
other open spaces.
5.5
This report has made recommendations for taking forward improved protection and
enhancement of Merton’s biodiversity and for developing a Green Network. These
are set out in the table below and incorporated into the overall objectives in Volume 1.
The next stages of the Open Space Strategy process will need to agree the measures
outlined and develop an action plan to prioritise investment and take the proposals
forward. This report should be subject to public consultation to incorporate additional
ideas, develop the aims and objectives and strengthen the support for the final
proposals.
5-1
5.6
It is recommended that the following measures are undertaken with the aim of
protecting and enhancing biodiversity within the Borough and consolidating the
Green Network:
Improve the existing green chain links, cycle and walking routes by seeking
opportunities for planting tree and shrub avenues, replacing fences with hedges,
providing lightly managed semi-natural grassland edges, traffic calming.
Prioritise this ‘greening’ of links within areas which are deficient in open space
and nature conservation provision (refer to Volume 2 Chapter 3 and Volume 1,
Chapter 4);
Adopt enhancement strategies to improve nature conservation value of sites in
areas of nature conservation and natural greenspace deficiency (para 3.47);
Incorporate the recommendations outlined in Chapter 3 to inform the
implementation and management of new and existing network links and open
spaces;
Continue to progress with the formal declaration of proposed LNR’s, prioritising
Lower Wandle, Cranmer Green, Pyl Brook and Ravensbury Park;
Ensure management plans already produced are fully implemented;
Complete appraisal and evaluation of all green spaces by undertaking an
assessment of cemeteries, allotments and areas of amenity space, e.g. along
highways and within housing areas;
Support the LBAP process and foster community participation. Formulate
biodiversity enhancement plans for sites where multiple use may be
accommodated and undertake appropriate landscape planting and habitat creation;
Rank open spaces in terms of their nature conservation and interest to the public to
inform investment priorities;
Continue to enhance river corridors and improve connectivity of riparian habitat;
Provide better interpretation of open spaces both within and outside them to
encourage ease of access and provide educational information;
5-2
Seek areas where land-use may be changed to provide new areas of open space,
particularly in areas of open space, natural greenspace and nature conservation
deficiency.
Formulate a partnership between all of the adjoining London Boroughs, in order
to realise the fruition of the south-west London Green Chain. Overall guidelines
can be produced for all of the boroughs, using many of the recommendations
detailed above, before more detailed master plans are designed for specific
sections of the proposed green network.
5.7
To develop the provision and distribution of Local Nature Reserves.
5.8
To seek to meet deficiencies in Metropolitan and Borough Sites of Importance for
Nature Conservation.
5.9
To seek to meet deficiencies in natural greenspace.
5.10
To seek to ensure that all areas of the Borough are within 280m of an area of nature
conservation interest.
5.11
To support the development of the Local Biodiversity Action Plan.
5.12
To protect and enhance the existing Green Network.
5.13
To seek to establish a South-West London Green Network partnership.
5-3
5-4
APPENDIX A
List of All Open Spaces
Ward Map
Map of All Open Spaces with Unique ID numbers
WSA_ID
NAME
ADDRESS
WARD
TYPE
C005
M026
St Mary's Church
Abbey Recreation Ground
Church Path, SW19
Morden Road, SW19
Abbey
Abbey
Cemeteries and churchyards
Local park
M028
Nursery Road, SW19
Abbey
Playing Fields/ Sports Ground
M046
M066
Nursery Road Playing Fields
St Marys Catholic Primary
School
Merton Abbey School
Russell Road, Wimbledon
High Path
Abbey
Abbey
School playing field
M076
Wandle Park
Merantun Way
Abbey
Local park
M088
M092
Merton Hall Bowling Green
Merton Park Green Walk
Kingston Road SW19
Off Melbourne Road
Abbey
Abbey
Playing Fields / Sports Ground
Sites of wildlife value
R054
R066
A007
All Saints Rec Grd
Worcester Park Green Lanes
Canon Hill Common Allotments
Leyton Road, Colliers Wood.
Cannon Hill Lane, SW20
Abbey
Abbey
Cannon Hill
Small local park and open space
Allotments
A008
A009
Georges Hill Allotments
Thurleston Avenue Allotments
Holne Chase, Morden
Thursleston Avenue, Morden
Cannon Hill
Cannon Hill
Allotments
Allotments
A010
Martin WayAllotments
Martin Way, SW20
Cannon Hill
Allotments
M001
Prince Georges Fields
Cannon Hill
M002
Messines
Grand Drive, Morden
South of Prince Georges Fields,
Grand Drive, Morden
Cannon Hill
M003
M004
West of Messines
Cannon Hill Common
Grand Drive, Morden
Cannon Hill Lane, Mitcham
Cannon Hill
Cannon Hill
District park
M013
M014
Joseph Hood Recreation Ground
Hillcross Middle School
Martin Way, Morden
Ashridge Way, Morden
Cannon Hill
Cannon Hill
Local park
M015
Cherrywood Open Sp ace
Shaldon Drive, Morden
Cannon Hill
M090
A006
Raynes Park Playing Fields
Western Road Allotments
Grand Drive
Western Road, Mitcham
Cannon Hill
Colliers Wood
Allotments
M064
M065
M075
Brangwyn Crescent Open Sp ace
Harland Primary School
Wandle Meadow Nature Park
Brangwyn Crescent
Brangwyn Crescent
Merantun Way
Colliers Wood
Colliers Wood
Colliers Wood
Local park
R038
Myrna Close, Mitcham
Colliers Wood
R049
M035
Myrna Close Open Space
Colliers
Wood
Recreation
Ground
Dundonald Recreation Ground
South Gardens, SW19
Dundonald Road, SW19
Colliers Wood
Dundonald
Local park
Local park
M049
Wimbledon Chase Middle School
Merton Hall Road, SW19
Dundonald
M058
Southey Bowling Club
Lower Downs Road
Dundonald
M087
A014
Wilton Grove Tennis Club
Durnsford Road "B" Allotments
Wilton Crescent
Durnsford Road, SW19
Dundonald
Durnsford
Allotments
A015
Havelock Road Allotments
Havelock Road, SW19
Durnsford
Allotments
C007
R059
Wimbledon Cemetery
Durnsford Road Rec Grd
Gap Road, SW19
Durnsford Road, SW19
Durnsford
Durnsford
Local park
R067
A001
Lower Wandle
Eastfields Road Allotments
Eastfields Road, Mitcham
Durnsford
Figge's Marsh
Allotments
M007
Figges Marsh
London Road, Mitcham
Frigge's Marsh
Local park
R025
Beechholme Sch.
Frigge's Marsh
R030
R031
M036
Eastfields School
St Thomas of Canterbury School
Ursuline High School
Wimbledon College Playing
Fields
Wimbledon High School Sports
Ground
Eveline Road Allotments
Edgehill Road, Mitcham
Acacia Road, Mitcham (excl.
Brenley Playing Fields)
Commonside East Mitcham
Crescent Road, SW20
Frigge's Marsh
Frigge's Marsh
Hillside
Edge Hill, Wimbledon.
Hillside
Nursery Road, SW19
Eveline Road, Mitcham
Hillside
Lavender
Allotments
Rose Avenue, Mitcham
Lavender
Allotments
Lavender
Lavender
M041A
M085
A002
A005
C002
Tamworth Farm Allotments
London Road/Victoria Road
Cemetery
M006
Tamworth Farm Rec
London Road, SW17
London Road (West of Figges
Marsh) Mitcham
R008
R009
Fair Green Open Space
Lavender Park
Mitcham
Lavender Avenue, Mitcham
Lavender
Lavender
Local park
R020
R032
Bond Primary School
Liberty M/School
Bond Road, Mitcham
Western Road, Mitcham
Lavender
Lavender
C003
R004
Streatham Park Cemetery
Don Place
Rowan Road, SW16
Barnfield Avenue, Mitcham
Long Thornton
Long Thornton
R012
Long Bolstead Rec. Gnd.
Westminster City School Playing
Fields
Woodstock Way, Mitcham
Long Thornton
Crossways Road, Mitcham
Long Thornton
Westminster Bank Sports Ground
National Westminster Sports
Ground, Southern Corner.
Stanford Road, SW16
Long Thornton
Stanford Road , Mitcham.
Long Thornton
Lyndhurst Ave.
Grove Road, Mitcham
Cedars Avenue, Mitcham
Long Thornton
Long Thornton
Long Thornton
R039
R039A
Lyndhurst Rec. Gd.
Lonesome F/S
Brenley Playing Fields
Oakleigh
way
Reacreation
Ground
Oakleigh Nature Reserve
Oakleigh Way, Mitcham
Oakleigh Way, Mitcham
Long Thornton
Long Thornton
R044
R048
Rowan Road Rec
Rowans School
Rowan Road, Mitcham
Rowan Road, SW16
Long Thornton
Long Thornton
R058
Stanford Middle School
Chilmark Road, SW16
Long Thornton
C004
Merton & Sutton Joint Cemetery
Green Lane, Morden
Lower Morden
C006
Morden Cemetery
Green Lane, Morden
Lower Morden
M008
M011
Lynmouth Gardens
St John Fisher School
Lynmouth Avenue, Morden
Grand Drive, SW20
Lower Morden
Lower Morden
M012
M017
Morden Farm Middle School
King Georges Field
Aragon Road, Morden
Tudor Drive, Morden
Lower Morden
Lower Morden
Local park
M055
Hatfield Primary School
Old Blues Football
Ground
Lower Morden Lane, Morden
Lower Morden
Arthur Road, New Malden
Lower Morden
R014
R015
R015A
R019
R021
R030A
M082
Rugby
M093
Derwent Road
Floodwash
Lower Morden
M023
John Innes Park
Mostyn Road, SW19
Merton Park
Local park
M024
M027
Kendor Gardens
Mostyn Gardens
Kenley Road, Morden
Martin Way, Morden
Merton Park
Merton Park
Local park
M029
M038
M039
M044
The Old Rutlishians Sports Club
Rutlish High School
John Innes Recreation Ground
Poplar School
Poplar Road, SW19
Watery Lane, SW20
Watery Lane
Poplar Road South
Merton Park
Merton Park
Merton Park
Merton Park
M045
Cranleigh Lawn Tennis Club
Cranleigh Road
Merton Park
M047
Church Lane Playing Fields
Church Lane, SW19
Merton Park
M059
St Mary Gleblands
Church Path, SW19
Merton Park
C001
M078
Mitcham Parish Church
Bennetts Hole
Church Road, Mitcham
Riverside Walk
Phipps Bridge
Phipps Bridge
R001
R002
The Canons
Mitcham Sports Ground
Madiera Road, Mitcham
Commonside West, Mitcham
Phipps Bridge
Phipps Bridge
Local park
Local park
R003
R005
Cherry Tree Estate Open Space.
Cranmer Green
Belgrave Walk, Mitcham
Madeira Rd, Mitcham
Phipps Bridge
Phipps Bridge
Local park
R006
Cricket Green
Mitcham
Phipps Bridge
R010
R011
Lewis Road Rec. Ground
London Road Playing Fields
Lewis Road, Mitcham
London Road, Mitcham
Phipps Bridge
Phipps Bridge
Local park
R013
R022
Lower Green O/S
Haslemere School
Mitcham
HaslemereAve, Mitcham
Phipps Bridge
Phipps Bridge
R027
R028
Melrose School
Cricket Green School
Church Road Mitcham
Lower Green West Mitcham
Phipps Bridge
Phipps Bridge
R033
R035
Cranmer School
St Peter & St Paul School
Cranmer Road, Mitcham
Cricket Green, Mitcham
Phipps Bridge
Phipps Bridge
R036
Benedict School
Church Road, Mitcham
Phipps Bridge
R037
Miles Road Open Space
Miles Road, Mitcham
Phipps Bridge
R040
Police Green Cricket Green
Mitcham
Phipps Bridge
R042
R047
Rock Terrace Rec Grd
Three Kings Pi ece Open Space
Phipps Bridge Estate, Mitcham
Common Side West, Mitcham
Phipps Bridge
Phipps Bridge
Local park
A003
M071
New Barnes Avenue Allotments
Mitcham Common
New Barnes Avenue, Mitcham
Croydon Road
Pollards Hill
Pollards Hill
Allotments
Metropolitan park
R007
R026
Donnelly Green o/s
Alfred Mizen School
South Lodge Ave, Mitcham
Abbots Road, Mitcham
Pollards Hill
Pollards Hill
Local park
R029
R034
Tamworth Manor School
William Morris School
Wide Way, mitcham
Recreation Way, Mitcham
Pollards Hill
Pollards Hill
R041
Pollards Hill O/S
Recreation Way, Mitcham
Pollards Hill
Local park
R045
Sherwood Park Road o/s
Sherwood Park Rd, Mitcham.
Pollards Hill
R064
Commonside East Open Space
Commonside East, Mitcham
Pollards Hill
A004
Phipps Bridge Allotments
Phipps Bridge Road, Mitcham
Ravensbury
Allotments
M060
M061
Malmesbury School
St Teresas Primary School
Malmesbury Road, Morden
Mintacute Road
Ravensbury
Ravensbury
M062
M063
Moreton Green
Bishopsford Community School
Middleton Road
Lilleshall Road, Morden
Ravensbury
Ravensbury
Local park
M079
Ravensbury Park
Morden Road, Mitcham
Ravensbury
Local park
M080
M083
Deer Park Gardens
Morden Hall Park
Morden Road
Morden Hall Road
Ravensbury
Ravensbury
District park
R060
R063
Imperial club sports ground
Water meads o/s
Bishopstar Road, Morden
Rawnsley Ave, Morden.
Ravensbury
Ravensbury
Local park
A013
M021
Cottenham Park Allotments
Raynes Park Sports Ground
Cottenham Park, SW20
Taunton Avenue, SW20
Raynes Park
Raynes Park
Allotments
Local park
M022
Raynes Park High School
West Barnes Lane
Raynes Park
M033
M034
Holland Gardens Open Space
Cottenham Park
Jct. Pepys & Cambridge Roads
Melbury Gardens SW20
Raynes Park
Raynes Park
Local park
M037
Malden Golf Course
Wimbledon College
Fields
Troops Lane, New Malden
Raynes Park
Coombe Lane
Raynes Park
Coombe Lane, SW20
Raynes Park
Coombe Lane
Raynes Park
M050
Civil Service Sports Ground
Wimbledon
College
(Prep
School) Sports Ground
Atkinson
Morley's
Hospital
Sports Ground and Playing Fields
Cottenham Pk Road
Raynes Park
M051
M052
M053
Oberon Playing Fields
Drax Playing Fields
Bushy Playing Fields
Lindisfarne Road
Preston Road
Beverley Way, New Malden
Raynes Park
Raynes Park
Raynes Park
Local park
M057
Beverley Park Golf Range
Beverley Way, New Malden
Raynes Park
M084
M009
M016
West Wimbledon Bowling Club
Merton College Playing Fields
Abbotsbury School
Durham Road
Central Road, Morden
Abbotsbury Road, Morden
Raynes Park
St Helier
St Helier
M018
Morden Recreation Ground
Farm Road
St Helier
Local park
M019
M077
Risley Sports Club
Morden Park
Middleton Road, Morden
London Road
St Helier
St Helier
District park
M077A
Hillcross Ave, Morden
St Helier
R061
Morden Playing Fields
George Hill O/S and Pyl Brook
Nature Reserve
Holne Chase, London Road
St Helier
R062
R068
Morden Primary School
Lower Pyl Brook
London Road
St Helier
St Helier
M030
M031
Holy Trinity Primary School
Priory C.E.
Effra Road, SW19
Queens Road, SW19
Trinity
Trinity
M032
South Park Gardens
Dudley Road, SW19
Trinity
Local park
R051
R052
Garfield Road Rec Grd
Haydons Rd Rec Grd
Garfield Road
Haydons Road
Trinity
Trinity
Local park
M041B
M042
M048
Playing
R053
Garfield School
Garfield Road, SW19
Trinity
M094
A012
Railside Habitats
Cannizaro Park Allotments
Various
Westside Common, SW19
Various
Village
Railway / road embankments
Allotments
C008
Arthur Road, SW19
Village
M020B
St Mary's Chuch, Wimbledon
Kings College School Playing
Field
Ridgway, Wimbledon
Village
M054
M056
M067
West Side Lawn Tennis Club
Cannizaro Park
Wimbledon Park
Copse Hill, SW20
Westside Common
Revelstoke Road
Village
Village
Village
Local park
District park
M068
Aorangi Park
Church Road, SW19
Village
M069
M072
M073
M074
Wimbledon Park Golf Course
Wimbledon Common
Royal Wimbledon Golf Club
Fish Ponds Wood
Home Park Road
Wimbledon Parkside
Camp Road
Barham road
Village
Village
Village
Village
Metropolitan park
Local park
M074A
Beverley Meads
Barham Road
Village
Local park
M086
M091
All England Lawn Tennis Club
Buddhapadipa Temple Grounds
Church Road, SW19
Village
Village
R055
R056
Ricards Lodge School
Bishop Gilpin School
Lake Road, SW19
Lake Road.
Village
Village
R065
Robin Hood Way (A3)
Village
M005
M010
Wimbledon Common Extensions
Sir Joseph Hood Memorial
Playing Fields
St Catherines School
Marina Avenue
Grand one, SW20
West Barnes
West Barnes
Local park
M020A
M025
Kings Collge Sports Ground
Sacred Heart High School
Kingsway, New Malden
Burlington Road, New Maldon
West Barnes
West Barnes
M040
Sun Alliance Sports Ground
Fairway, SW20
West Barnes
M043
LESSA
Grand Drive
West Barnes
M070
Beverley Way, SW20
West Barnes
M081
Emmanuel School Playing Fields
Archbishop Tenison's Sports
Ground
Tennyson Ave, New Maldon
West Barnes
M089
Raynes Park, Lawn Tennis Club
Grand Drive
West Barnes
Legend
R059
M069
Ward Boundaries
M067
Roads
M068
Railways
M086 M069
M072
Type of Open Space
R067
M091
C007
C008 R055
R056
M032
M050
M051
M047
M021
A010
M070
M003M002
M022
M043
R010
M083
M014
M015
M081
A009
M016
C006
M077
C004
R066
R062
M055
R068
M012
M017
A008
R061
M018
M019
A001 R030 R021R012
R015
R044
R058
R015A
C003
R048
R031 R030A
R003
R013
R047
R036
R027R028R006 R002
A004M080
R011 R040R001
R035
R005
M079
R033
R063
R014
R019
R029
R029
R026R034R041
R007
R004
R045
A003
M071
R064
R060M078
M009
M082 M011
M093
M005
M077A
C001
R039A
R039
A002
R008
R037
R042
M089
M090
M020A M010
R032
R020
M024
A007 M004
M025
R025
R022
M027M045
M044
C002
M006
A005
M007
A006
M065
M064
M023M059
M039
M029
M038
M013
Allotments
R009
A010
M001
M040
R049
R038
M066
M092
M028M026
M049
M058
M053
M057
M076
R054
M088
M087
M084
M041B
M048
M042
M037
M035
M036
M034
A013
M046
M085
M033
Small local park
R052
M041A
M054
R051
R053M075
M030
M020B
M074A
M052
Local park
M031
M056
M073
District park
A015
A012
M074
Metropolitan park
A014
M062M063
M062
M061
M060
M008
Title
Sub Title
Appendix A: Merton Open Spaces
with unique identity numbers
Date
28/02/2002

Page 1 of 1 file://C:\front_cover.jpg 14/10/2002

Transcription

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