Art O`Donnell - Bureau of Military History

COSANTA
ROINN
OF
BUREAU
DOCUMENT
WITNESS
BY
STATEMENT
NO.
1913-21
HISTORY,
MILITARY
1,322
W.S.
Witness
Art
O'Donnell,
28
steele's
Ennis,
Co.
Terrace,
Clare.
Identity.
West
Commandant,
for
paymaster
under First
Clare
Clare
Dail
Brigade,
Co. Council
Eireann,
Subject
National
Activities,
West
Clare,
1908-1921.
Conditions, if any, Stipulated by Witness
Nil
File No
S.2295
Form BSM2
STATEMENT
Steele's
28.
formerly
I
to
and
to
end
this
by me or
for
other
was very
us
started.
I
in
became
ten
of
periods
of
I
Republican
local
Centre
him
Brotherhood,,
preparation
he
were
also
but
area.
to
then
him
John
in
active
This,
of
what
was
country
that
British
rule,
Risings
of
made
she
1798,
these
us
by epic
tales
or
grandfathers
of
been
of
sworn
I
Crowley.
his
of
a member
was
having
members
that
before
to
my father
that
name was
was
actual
long
arms;
on the
Irish
of
a
us
Brotherhood,
whose
that
neighbours
particular
aware
of
that
fathers
for
the
before
our
R.I.P.,
national,
longing
that
laid
interesting
to
and
overthrow
remember
by the
known
became
Irish
from
most
achieved
people
been
I
and
to
Struggle
mother,
a country
had
by force
made
having
local
long
played
National
the
intense
and
age,
been
1867,
history
feats
of
part
any
My late
warpath
by England
had
that
in
by an
I
events,
principal
history,
that
years
the
show
to
Irish
on the
emphasis
18148 and
number
in
a necessity
sometimes
accidental.
conscious
attempts
particular
not
Brigade.
my family
coloured
subjection
several
of
Ennis,
to
up
may be able
all
reached
local
and
leading
knowledge,
struggle
1803,
usual
versed
set
held
is
was
well
her
had
Clare
members
freedom,
I
I
Independence
and
West
it
suppose
Terrace,
0/C
a background
show
BY ART O'DONNELL,
teens
the
and
Irish
not
course,
was
more
come
the
the
by
gather
most
of
Republican
did
to
in
could
that
revolt
was
of
in
his
reach
or
their
less
later
a
years.
the
2.
An uncle
of
in
one
of
Mater)
in
the
latter
was
drawn
named
Peter
Centre"
by Dr.
in
people
the
been
but
I
to
trace
what
have
heard
some of
believe
that
operation
action
was
and
the
severity
communication.
the
had
uprising
a snow
It
was,
been
reached
her
All
devoured
when
year
our
and
Irish
pro
Griffith
and
a man.
from
in
magazines
and
papers
Propounded
Féin
the
well
became
Féin
the
don't
Kilrush
take
know
that
of
Mr.
the
She
stopped
she
proceeded
two
by
produced
a
police
and
the
time.
advanced
Sinn
a
sister
past
and
times.
I
men.
safely
and we were
Sinn
in
but
way
Mr.
outside
She was
her
to
have
1867
year
to
Kilrush,
forced
destination
by us,
1905
as
-
area
the
I
made for
A woman,
Carrigaholt
the
distance
pistol
been
learned
abandoned.
the
hand.
many
prevented
however,
Clare
happened
had
to
dressed
or
storm
of
form,
ballads
were
poems
help
subsequently
undertook
on horseback,
revolver
a helping
butcher,
order
a short
as
Carrigaho1t
to be - in
going
countermanding
police
booklet
these
the
of
a Kilrush
Griffin,
in
his
that
a
written
the
arrangements
in
the
he had
with
Honan
Mr.
"Head
Brotherhood,
of
published
to
particular
what
and,
his
when
he was
some
poetry;
were
given
able
I
of
the
a Clareman
that
that
were
in
policy
popular
eagerly
national
about
weekly
thought
the
paper
household.
A brother
of
mine,
Simon,
went
or
was
it
eighties,
Republican
man and
a student
believe
patients,
learned
Irish
was
(I
early
the
one
McDermott
Dublin,
were
proceeds
Honan
in
amount
collected
or
My uncle
Clare
considerable
not
to
a well-educated
he was
Hospitals
seventies
Honan.
for
Con McDermott,
the Dublin
intern
attention
Dr.
mine,
to
Skerry's
College,
in
3.
about
Dublin,
of
Cathal
Colbert
it
whom I
with
have
first
which
he
in
America
to
swell
in
the
to
Kilrush
and
on an
our
home
of
God I
to
the
and
do
that
Council
of
of
the
that
I
the
Irish
so help
McDermott
September,
people
Champion".
organising
formed
Irish
the
"In
the
bear
presence
true
allegiance
Brotherhood
I will
that
officers
my superior
all
the
to
Republican
Republican
of
1911
on a visit
then
will
to
1905
secrets
of
the
in
and
me God".
a visit
paid
Féin"
"Sinn
report
and
Republic,
inviolable
local
(R.I.P.
O'Dwyer
1910
is:
Irish
preserve
several
a full
oath
Will
6th
"Clare
swear
the
commands
Sunday,
and
of
the
a
organised
paid
from
me into
all
Seán
money
my brother's
Brugha
Con Colbert,
1908
obey
organisation,
sums of
Jack
about
Cooraclare
swore
solemnly
I
addressed
at
text
Government
implicitly
and
in
The
Supreme
the
school
Tullycrine,
Brotherhood.
Cathal
people
there.
occasion
at
and
to
he later
including
in
some
by him
and
men
touch
Canada
During
I.R.B.
the
McDermott,
funds.
and
in
kept
to
given
on some occasions
attended
I
with
considerable
area,
McDermott
a Circle
officially
for
the
joined
Kilrush
Seán
Square.
visits
he
Dublin
Seán
Con
Dublin,
touch
went
were
Aid
National
in
a good
and
in
McDermott
from
acquaintance
war.
then
got
latter
0ters
the
Griffith
he was
the
them
made
Anglo-Irish
Seán
letters
has.
Irish
the
and
until
several
in
in
my brother
who auctioned
some others
The
Arthur
above.
Simon
till
the
period
McDermott,
that
mentioned
my brother
of
there
cousin
him
He bad
and while
prominent
our
through
1912.
Seán
later
was
was
time
Brugha,
others
many
this
at
meeting
appeared
Clare
spoke.
in
the
1908
Kilkee,
Farrihy,
My brother
1908.
also
to
presided
The meeting
subsequent
was
issue
on
and
enthusiastic
of
the
4.
I
was
When,
As I
was
unable
to
in
attend
I
however,
Drumcondra,
time
I
Circle
was
was
free
of
meetings
this
of
Circle
was
in
North
year
I
1913
also
the
at
college,
the
speaker
usual
the
course
then
took
that
Circle
residence
up
the
who
then
resided
rest
of
the
Bull
aeriocht
at
Tom Clarke
much
at
meeting
men came
in
to
Wall,
and
when.
did
not
as
and,
1913,
attend
I
at
returned
was
addressing
was
that.
for
a walk
over
I
grounds,
the
crowd
we returned
didn't
I
after
and,
met
see
P.
to
Seán
Manning
as
Manning,
MacMurrough
Seán
believe,
and,
House
Padraig
Seán
Keane
out
my candidate
proposed
and
St.,
called,
Maurice
Towerfield
I
One was
me.
I
we went
day,
college.
after
a lovely
completed
July,
I
Clare,
was
my proposal
not
in
which
Patrick
me about
meeting
the
Co.
(afterwards
asked
were
student
again.
two
They
seconded
finished
in
and
the
Brandon
a fellow
views
a
In
Phibsborough.
national
college
president
believe,
He was
which
the
I
Keane,
started,
another
The
Maurice
inquiries
over
to
of
name
member
was
this
the
the
a few
to
was,
only
from
attended
who
Road,
strong
of
transferred
O'Deakin,
Circular
the
being
same building.
the
membership.
had
at
Kavanagh
was
Another
After
by the
I
met
which
president
only
Circle.
College,
who hailed
I
Irish.
of
the
in
Seumas
for
Dingle,
this
(Goggin),
when
local
I.R.B.
a Circle
to
The
Clare.
the
hard
fairly
Training
mornings,
attend.
met
proposed
Creek,
attached
Circle
which
chemist
became
Co.
Circle,
this
Patrick's
to
studying
of
St.
Moloney
Tulla,
and
meetings
on Sunday
Michael
Baloughtra,
to
I
Square
that
any
went
Dublin,
Parnell
school
attending
I
an Chota).
was
Clontarf
dinner,
way,
we went
Dolphin's
when
town
free
Barn,
for
along
to
I
went
After
back
MacMurrough
Kavanagh
a few
and,
times
an
Dublin.
we arrived.
and
the
with
5.
Maurice
I
Keane
of
ordination
were
eventful
or
Kerry
had
our
P.
would
The
on the
4th
May previously.
Maurice
Keane
came
for
me,
which
he duly
for
himself,
in
distribute
The
leaflet
the
second
over
to
own counties
was
in
He had
wended
1913.
1913
a parcel
me he had
told
a similar
one
we were
which
on the
like
something
They
Kerry,
July,
leaflets
anti-enlisting
our
of
over.
passed
Final.
up college
me and
weeks
up and we all
week
the
whether
to
Memorial
broke
we broke
before
an
as
Croke
in
night
intense
college
few
The next
the
the
homewards
was
at
College
win
triumphed,
way
Hallows'
at
brother.
discussion
a draw
played
All
Manning's
and
Louth
however,
attended
to
Sunday.
following
this:
WaR
-
IRELAND
GERMANY -
ENGLAND.
War is imminent
and Germany.
England
between
and degenerate
population
England's
cowardly
make
so
Germans
soldiers.
Not
the
won't
and ready.
They are trained
What
will
do?
England
She will
recruit
to fight
the Germans
Irishmen
for
She will
when finished
with
her.
then,
of
them back to the workhouses
them,
fling
diseases
with
foul,
reeking
filthy
Ireland
The
leaflet
continued
the
British
Army.
I
some few
organised
and we distributed
the
following
night.
Sunday
the
Saturday
morning
a warning
with
had
of
our
all
leaflets
Those
something
lads
else
on my return
over
West
talk
home
on the
Clare
Mass
attending
to
in
enlistment
against
about
on that
other
than
weather.
I
stowed
had
away,
some hundreds
and
in
the
of
following
which
left
leaflets
year,
just
after
I
carefully
the
l914-l8
6.
World
War
number
at
broke
these
of
of
but
were
us at
I
at
R.I.C.
us
contact
the
Kelly's
commenced
Killadysert,
planned
to
school
books
Mr.
he had
from
soldiers
teaching
in
I
managed
to
put
I
was
and
I
which
off
and
needed
Meehan,
take
did
was
gathered
notice
of
in
immediate
not
interfere
and
Sunday's
operations
a
get
were
of
named
Seán
he addressed
the
shooting
Irish
citizens
wore
Time
under
of
way
almost
a local
British
on during
one week
before
had
I
took
with
news
of
the
There
was
at
Killadysert
in
that
year
after
the
of
Ireland
of
that
manner
in
The World
l9l4.
Bachelor's
shots
at
sincere
organised
blood.
rifle
me to
a parade
soldiers
for
besieged
strongest
was
papers
and
the
by
there
enthusiast
in
which
firing
with
was
full
cold
the
the
where
Volunteers
condemned
in
and
publicly.
McNamara
and
action
possible
and
us a wire
Kelly,
the
"National"
strong
by Bianconi,
Republican
read
showed
arrived
had
some
on a Monday
which
three,
where
Killadysert
body
Tim
newsagent
to
train
and
time
when
Kilrush
to
Michael
at
for
Kilrush
gun-running
the
at
a short
school,
Howth
Killadysert
Island
Island
I
managed
near
my week-ends
go to
at
and when
the
in
the
Killadysert,
about
Dublin
in
the
in
only
a day
Tullycrine
shootings,
to
Low Island
stay
Jack
I
War was
whom we were
to
3 o'clock
which
with
easy-going
I
excitement,
organised
started
main
on Volunteers.
papers.
time
a crowd
time
used
take
morning
about
meeting,
all.
(Pat),
of
a
distributing
sports'
and wherever
this
police
the
in
and while
l914
bit
of
pleasure
a Killadysert
at
matches
The
with
the
football
whatever.
purpose
any
some
had
leaflets
dances,
for
in
I
but,
the
Walk
King's
Own
a
7
Scottish
into
Borderers
had
Belgium
the
throes
British
of
and
a deadly
and
machine,
for
appeals
many young
Our
political)
National
Irish
McDermott,
Colbert
which
national
Party,
at
were
defence
of
worked
which
that
their
organised
and
knew was
After
up
the
to
first
considerably
following
comment
and
enlisted.
Party,
up and
in
the
the
up
join
the
armed
latter
the
strictly
first
the
month
the
in
and
Volunteers
parade
aggression,
few
The
of
defence
companies,
"New Ireland"
themselves
for
the
test
come.
few
weeks
for
the
British
from
the
'Irish
the
the Irish
"Long live
Volunteers
mar
reputation
May none their
in times
Invincible
peace
of
of war".
Invisible
in times
the
Clarke,
themselves
German
against
All
numbers.
its
called
two
taking
nation.
along
of
into
up
behind
way
19l4,
the
others
McDonagh,
its
the
August,
split
Irish
were
of
offset
the
Home Rule.
save
leader
to
and
ceased.
slowly
you"
were
after
that,
in
need
1913
who
party
country
Country
Woodenbridge
smallness
to
feverish
Redmond,
plough
practically
steadily
they
slowed
was
exhorted
activities
however,
the
were
E.
ILR.B.
the
of
Volunteers
all
to
despite
feature
National
the
there
join
of
and
efficient
to
in
in
The
side.
Parliamentary
formed
continued
lines
A notable
the
John
were
the
in"
sovereignty
- Pearse,
leaders
well-known
their
Irish
on the
stand
which
"taken
Irishmen
Volunteers,
and
King
smashed
Austria
other
country
Ulster
Volunteers,
of
one following
John
Redmond
-
groups
group,
the
forces
before
the
activities
their
"Your
by Mr.
Parliamentary
the
this
were
young
a speech
Following
in
;
Irishmen
all
ran
over
leaders.,
to
appealed
on the
struggle
all
and
Russia
predicted,
recruits
and
Irish
as
German
down.
while
France,
soldier,
German
died
tempo
Army,
Times':
of
recruiting
which
drew
8.
and
The
Irish
one
occasion
on
Volunteers
of
Volunteers,
had
however,
in
pearse
a lecture
other
views,
the
to
referring
said.
1782
did the Volunteers?
"What
and paraded
They mustered
faded
laurels
their
Until
did
thus
the Volunteers.
How died
the Volunteers?
into
their
graves
They slunk
of slaves
and died
the death
Thus died
the Volunteers"
and
he
continued
written
about
its
given
to
the
Sean
and
I
local
unattached
when
interfere
Work
about
and when
where
his
off
his
sister,
resided.
him
I
He
and
they
had
moved
end
of
for
the
us
paid
a
formed
was
later
and
Volunteers
to
slowly
but
did
not
period
in
Con Colbert
at
us.
and
on slowly
I
went
had
across
the
during
a short
to
visit
his
up we went
Mrs.
Woulfe,
who was
the
evening
train
of
the
under
close
evening
R.I.C.
to
home place,
to
married
with
Abbeyfeale
to
a chemist,
and
Limerick
I
saw
We were
to
supervision ion
in
holiday
from
Athea,
were
holidays
That
possible.
We continued
some attention
by an escort
out.
much as
Ó Murthuille
Irish
Abbeyfeale.
him
McMahon
membership
1914.
at
kept
-
l9Jii.
we thus
Seán
by
took
the station
from
accompanied
the
R.I.C.
August,
and
Tullycrine
him,
went
visited
as
and
Their
in
Frank
side
I.R.B.
Circle.
with
unduly
the
formed
Griffin,
propaganda
recruited
The
surely.
Martin
into
towards
and
had
Kifladysert
were
they
Lynch
headway
1915,
these
now
has
History
l914.
be
would
regard.
the
push
same lines
the
of
Mack),
sworn
Diarmuid
but
in
to
aiLl
confirmed
this
(Jacko
-
myself
had
make
in
group
McNamara
small.
Volunteers
verdict
A small
if
surmise
conversation
the
until
station
the
With
train
him
I
9.
was
convinced
firmly
when
an
Irish
English
that
to
Irish
of
freedom
progress.
from
carried
on arid
dances.
to
of
Dublin
was
by Bulmer
given
Fenian
I
concerts
the
idea
all
the
teacher
extend
and
other
but
got
next
got
in
our
but
etc.,
resided
affiliated
with
established
to
and
existed
at
Meelick
and
said
that
Miss
Joan
have
Dublin),
"the
She
mixed
and
Mansion
Burke,
had
is
a nice
had
very
sang
the
voice
from
reception
she
oration
the
day
sung
our
boys
the
previously
Clancy
(a
had
our
in
Carrigaholt
with
other
West
dare.
Ennistymon,
native
of
company
O'Gonnelloe.
To establish
Other
Cranny
properly
We also
Volunteer
Corofin,
affiliated
properly
Who
Volunteer
Headquarters.
Irish
Clooney,,
who
that
the
1915,
Martyrs.
concert
Peadar
communication
Cranny
at
this
say
November,
meeting.
with
in
in
Manchester
a1 very
successful
very
place
songs.
We
Volunteers.
at
somebody
proceeded
touch
of
a concert
vocalist,
recruiting
I
who then
as
my job
further
took
spoke
and
heard
had
the
Hobson,
well
very
a British
I
McNeill
Men"
audience.
and
to
through
work
to
a
where
firmly
train
corps
attended
of
A Dublin
now".
sang
held
dances,
ours
and
commemoration
Eoin
at
the
and
unaware,
Tullycrine
to
home
and
succeeded,
Professor
and
at
us
resigned
Redmondite
This'drive'
been
"Bold
with
strength
take
youth
I
place,
and went
a local
members
near
its
rapidly
was small
and we made slow
public
support
of
One of our dances
was picketed
by a group of
amount
in
the
We organised
organization.
House
own boys
continued
bad
had
school
would
of
forty
taken
Low Island
had
our
and
that
changes
I
approaching
measure
again
activities
organize
company
strong
the
was
day
enemy.
resolving
in
the
Army would
Fearing
of
that
companies
companies
Inch,
cohesion
Crusheen,
a meeting
at
10.
was
convened
in
at
January)
Limerick
which
as well
attended,
for
James
from
Representatives
the
district.
Volunteers
was
elected
Chairman;
and
Micheál
Brennan,
topics,
organisation
to
our
hold
were
very
C.
to
Ennis
the
next
at
M.
Board
readily
Board
vetoed
Volunteers
in
their
March,
soon
"taboo",
but
the
Co.
Board-room
and
Workhouse,
demanded
also
Mr.
did,
occupied
the
Frank
reason
In
the
came
the
of
Ennis
into
on was
to
proceed
Rev.
C.
and
Master
the
went
there
Brennan,
into
in
refusal
Chairman,
presence
The
meeting.
agreed
to
the
the
on a Saturday
reaching
time
hold
Government
their
place
Micheál
a short
Barrett,
for
The
to
allow
authorities
on
applied
men drifted
instructed
it.
Secretary,
to
for
the
and
instance
Local
meeting,
the
were
they
commenced.
the
that
first
Workhouse.
the
of
present.
enabled
Brennan,
refused
the
were
Ennis
the
Ennis
a number
aware
delegates
which
meeting
for
in
Meelick,
permission
but
and
notwithstanding
Board
others
for
Seán
meeting.
M.
at
representatives
many
Board-room
1916,
became
Workhouse,
arrived,
fixed
day
We decided
Brennan,
in
Colivet,
on military
M.
not
permission
the
Carrigaholt,
Chairman,
our
meeting
Board-room
of
us
this
Secretary,
decision
use
the
or
and
Guardians
granted
all
and
of
the
of
who could
Irish
M.P.
All
Inch,
next
Our
Vice
features.
success
our
attend
Board
On the
February
of
the
Secretary.
Ennis.
Quinn,
organiser
C.C.,
O'Brien,
addressed
in
of
Culligan,
as
above
Gaelic
Board
operation
the
Limerick.
meeting
C.
Carrigaholt,
to
to
Rev.
meeting
Culligan,
travel
County
and
Crusheen,
others
A Glare
Meelick,
The holding
many
Ó Murthuille,
Brigade,
pleased
McNamara,
Rev.
next
mentioned
Seán
in
probably
presided.
Limerick,
Jereiah
Limerick
was
(it
1916
places
the
formed.
was
Commandant
Leden,
all
as
in
early
of
to
the
Culligan,
the
the
the
Board-room
the
crowd.
and
M.
11.
Quinn,
the
Irish
the
permission
Mr.
Barrett
would
Volunteers
Was in
of
be
the
then
allowed
concluded.
Culligan
earnestly
"If
you have
not
a shotgun
get
useful
defence.
the
Chairman's
which
led
was
which
rising
held
to
up
The
on both
from
made
no attempt,
with
us
in
any
There
Oscar
the
The
and
had
meeting
to
arm:
a shotgun,
and
or
weapon
the
inquiry
into
any
raids
of
this
forces
and
in
report
the
failing
following
minutes
parts
British
at
the
on the
Commission
the
broken,
of
causes
which
with
Mr. Burke,
town.
Mr.
been
his
to
and
The windows
did
activities.
a dentist
in
a few
Volunteer
and
not
of
Coogan's,
Volunteer
ex-British
Ennis
mechanic
at
employed
organise
auxiliary
Burke
interfere
a dentist's
Ennis
had
for
in
or
path
They
gate.
anybody
to
Oscar
dominant
the
home unmolested.
time
a small
and
building
lined
front
the
arrest
this
the
(R.I.C.)
to
halldoor
pro-British
but
we left
police
he proceeded
into
very
out
of
over
dismissed
was
employment
then
was
Hofstead.
Redmondite,
hunted
were
came
people
were
there.
Volunteers
by the
to
and we went
way
on arriving
Ennis
be
over.
British
in
however,
and
Limerick,
and
an
force
sides
He found
of
had
to
police
later
they
was
"get
general
quoted
of
that
a prisoner
pitchfork
months
meeting
a large
that
named
the
Board
County
meeting
the
said
the
hands
District
it.
After
found
he
published
some kind
the
all
pike,
was
he was
until
urged
the
into
address
and
until
a few
fell
meeting
progress
leave
In
Insurrection
Clare
that
a revolver,
Ennis
the
informed
a rifle"
the
representatives
detained
Fr.
of
of
people's
to
was
He
in
Chairman
a meeting
was
not
then
that
replied
Council,
of
who was
Inch,
budge
enthusiastic
force.
soldier
combined
his
Ennis,
to
employer's
and
Mr.
element
have
him
house
Hofstead
12.
remained
times
in
his
Ireland
and,
British
Empire.
of
Ireland
alien
Palm
Sunday,
the
first
round
played
and
Service
in
Volunteer
All
Paddy
London
to a
Seán
Crusheen,
was
met
his
his
was
born
for
the
I
in
home
the
by
did
not
Sunday,
or
of
many
that
say
hatred
go to
and
see
the
father
in
North
the
as
British
at
hear
or
Brennan
(the
Clare
Larry
were
there:
Micheál
had
been
Glare
a talk
gave
In
were
there
in
the
an
Irish
Civil
in
Bertie
Guarranboy,
of
matters.
on simple
Limerick
conference
by Commandant
battalion
O'Connell
"Ginger"
on military
Colivet
nominated
in
Con Fogarty,
a. subsequent
four
area
Farrell),
others.
many
was
house
were
and
a good
that
the
Lardner
Limerick
Scanlan,
at
Daly's
appointed
Paddy
think
met
was
for
into
area
John
latter
by Commandant
officers
of
I
these
on leaving
operations.
divided
and
Claremen
and
a wide
may have
Tournament
Hurling
Under
back
the
our
Staff
followed
Feis
it
and
Limerick
of
Ó Murthuile,
Headquarters
following
in
Field.
man named
and
Corofin,
military
Palm
Thomond
Feeney
organiser
succession
I
Market
Fr.
St.
Brennan
who
to
interned
1916
to
the
the
Athenry.
He was
in
prior
somewhere
Barrington
of
to
was
representatives
Hall,
Hunt,
Ennis
1916,
in
at
circumstances
from
I
a triple
had
father
Sunday
been
Fianna
where
several
afterwards.
On the
being
Hofstead
he himself
that
German,
early
Oscar
He used
He left
his
met
Limerick
officers.
mother
when
him
to
consequently,
undesirable
from
him
with
Volunteer
Dutch,
I
employment.
and went
Limerick
was
his
the
Colivet,
for
districts
military
purposes:
to
in
Killaloe
charge.
1.
Meelick
Brennan
2.
Ennis
Crusheen,
Inch,
MacConmara,
Crusheen,
and
with
thereabouts
and district
in charge.
-
Comdt.
Comdt.
Seán
M.
an
13.
3.
with
dare,
H.J.
Hunt,
West Clare,
embracing
Tullycrine
Carrigaholt,
Kilrush,
with
Eamon Fennell,
Cranny,,
Killadysert,
Carrigaholt,
as Commandant.
I was asked
to act as Vice
Commandant
in this
area
and it
is quite
that
similar
possible
officers
were nominated
in the other
battalion
districts.
All
were
these
battalion
districts
included
in the Limerick
area
under
Comdt.
brigade
4.
Colivet.
Commandant
need
for
Colivet
limited
of
stock
of
collection
the
the
on everybody
impressed
our
conserving
he urged
and
North
Ennistymon,
in charge.
Corofin
Corofin,
and
ammunition
and
shotguns
great
empty
guns,
cartridge
cases.
When
in
properly
of
Holy
empty
I
to
dawn
on Holy
supply
collected
and
really
sent
evening
that
Eamon Fennell,
informed
Head,
ship
off
and
it
told
the
and
of
Shannon
as
appeared
reached
of
the
it
that
or
been waiting
were
morning,
keeper
at
craft
or
a strange
some two
their
on Good Friday.
Carrigaholt
for
to
cases
Limerick
of
had
get
a lighthouse
his,
evening
went
I
cartridge
presence
Estuary
if
in
men
available
to
morning
The
contacted
all
and
once,
Thursday
a brother
him
at
our
Wednesday
send
to
despatched.
whom I
me that
Loop
Limerick
all
arrange
On the
a message
got
cases
a
Carrigaholt
I
1916,
cartridge
to
proceeded
compan1ies.
organised
Week,
I
back
got
three
days
or
on something
another.
I
had
a Volunteer
Tailors,
Shannon
and
patriotic.
very
May,
spinal
promised
I
it.
I
cycled
was
uniform
set
to
out
Ennis
the
the
sister,
best
of
Limerick
and was
Ryan
a grand
was
a member
Steve,
them
April,
on that
day
to
take
Bros.,
family
of
who had
Steve
all.
22nd
about
at
were
and
on Saturday,
for
on hands
They
a Volunteer,
was
trouble,
me the
accordingly
Jim
put
Limerick.
St.,
Cumann na mBan;
acute
uniform
1916,
to
the
and
collect
train
for
14.
Limerick
when
to
going
"Great
I
arrived
in
"What
good
at
the
the
and
James
with
of
rumour
M.
Seán
and
sunk
the
arrange
known
have
been
been
at
the
pending
be done
it
was
and
a message
a car
plunged
into
the
arrested
Sketch
and
Colivet
tide
near
Into
was
the
to
Fianna
now
had
Hall,
at
8.10
stated
Brennan
was
to
time
were
Monahan
of
Limerick
swam to
were
Con Collins
a copy
on that
remained
what
this
and
Roger
leave
M.
to
already
I
McInerney
and
Sir
8 p.m.
arms
to
Alf
and
Stack
Jail,
due
as
Killorglin.
Austin
on towards
the
affected
Tommy McInerney
Tralee
arrest
of
Roger
and
During
Con Keating
by
meet
instructions
Dublin
near
to
which
O'Dea
Ireland
car
a motor
rising
in
G.H.Q.
to
incidents
Seán
with
to
the
train
came
day
arrested.
reported
Ennis,
the
for
Colivet's
others.
There
arms
of
the
Colivet,
several
who were
these
required
to
Comdt.
transmission
me:
about
through.
to
those
plans
driven
taken
Moving
(the
the
that
when
was
of
seen
I went
and
bearing
accident
promised
was
I
had
found
come
had
circumstances.
established
and
I
All
from
the
under
where
lost.
all
drowned
safety
the
on Comdt.
Hail
Fianna
of
I
minutes,
vessels
for
the
degree
made,
of
but
that
a few
capture
evening".
who asked
and
Raleigh
as
When I
Brennan,
Johnny
drowning
and
a major
O'Dea,
and
Casement
to
only
was
said:
to-morrow
immediately.
After
I
him
once
at
my uniform,
along"?
Brennan,
report
and
Killorglin
took
told
he
(Sunday)
Micheál
you
I
back
get
on
immediately.
Casement's
been
having
met
when
question,
must
rising
drove
Hall
Ledden,
The news
was
You
I
which
Hall
his
come back
to
fortune
uniform,
to
on collecting
Limerick
Fianna
Fianna
can't.
however,
careful
and
Brennan,
answer
be a general
will
be
Paddy
in
you
insisted,
to
met
Limerick
Scot,
there
I
of
the
Daily
Casement.
Saturday
p.m.)
he had
evening
Comdt.
not
received
15.
news
any
from
but
operations,
Doon
to
to
hurried
Ennis
for
the
and
brother,
Ennis
was
younger
to
brother,
to
was
case
1916.
and
Brennan
were
second
Company,
with
O'Dwyer,
as
and
varied
evening
the
I
that
far
as
before
what
in
the
and
liberties
pie
main
to
actual
it
was:
common to
of
P.
I
had
I
where
creed
or
at
been
to
words
"To
all
of
secure
the
class".
people
of
Carrigaholt
time
I
Mass
and
had
the
Johnsy
given
various
I
administered
batches
up that
of
six.
were
maintain
Ireland
my
Carrigaholt
line
of
8 a.m.
the
and
pledge
and
then
final
in
the
Cranny
about
with
men were
Volunteers
from
day
I
Fennell
to Carrigaholt
the
the
(Johnay)
On the
some
a
Frank,
the
Fennell
the
for
my brother
action.
marched
Brennan,
return
pledge
for
Eamon
exercises.
the
for
bed
a gale
and
O'Dwyer
morning,
Moneen
military
but
distinction
After
in
my eldest
Eamon Fennell
with
whom were
Volunteer
forget
Seán
my message.
breakfast
came
contacted
Carrigaholt&
Sunday,
delivered
can
the
set
my new
sent
least
I
Crusheen.
mobilise
to
a
after
St.,
against
boys,
at
together
and when
into
been
West
Galbally,
and
Willie,
Cranny
to
to
on to
slow)
local
the
action
O'Connell
cycle
there;
for
train,
changed
to
immediate
to
there
who had
had
sent
on Easter
Paddy
I
news
them
the
went
necessarily
await
hold
in
on to
Brennan
I
was
0'Dea
Seán
McNamara's,
Tullycrine
mobilise
be ready
went
Mrs.
all
despatched
up my bicycle
that
progress
was
made
up my brothers
to
and
to
off
call
mobilised
and
Micheál
got
to
boys
Crusheen
at
may add
(I
hours,,
Jack
tea
called
uniform,
forces
I
picked
West.
When I
Ennis
our
to
We just
I
of
cup
decided
keep
Brennan
Charleville.
and
we got
but
instructions.
M.
Glare,
to
to
further
pending
out
Dublin
the
rights
without
16.
That
Carrigaholt
that
also
stayed
there,
the
contrary,
I
by a friend,
in
the
by Eoin
in
absence
of
the
the
Volunteers,
of
the
charge
of
medical
fantastic
met
-
Dublin
previous
their
help
point
of
The
almost
to
that
of
spite
the
two
where
and
they
week
continuous
it
all
they
at
had
great
jarvey-men
that
passed
week
a train
by
the
risk
with
on and
I
and
Doyle
to
visit
get
on the
out
during
and
with
able
R.I
except
C.
her
back
to
the
reach
home.
here,
the
most
evening
Mrs.
managed
were
for
run
Thursday
-
One
got
wore
broken
they
One man
extracted
difficulty
uneventfully
surveillance
the
had
O'Dea,
Dublin
door.
pellets
Just
in
Clooney,
on a short
gone
was with
get
the
Cranny
who bad
events
than
On the
ladies
Seán
district.
rather
Hostilities
could
of
of
Thus
into
get
own account.
the
the
rife.
teachers
with
heard
in
Dublin
touch
on our
and
in
to
into
Barrington
only.
were
see
both
numerous
where
for
that
Limerick
gun through
he bad
Saturday.
stay
all
shown
inserted
parades
happenings
got
shotguns
forearm
his
rumours
daughter
in
from
boys
Peter
in
the
I
his
a penknife
or went
from
the
attention
of
aid
Ennistymon
discharged
of
of
action
any
an
and
all
to
and was
a presentiment
elsewhere
came and
against
collected
resisted
word
notice
my heels
had
orders
expecting
No order
When
the
somehow
on Tuesday
put
who advised
they
and
at
Brennan
news.
We heard
action.
kept
I
off
calling
be happening
any
stayed
MeNeill
the
in
stayed
P.
evening
Kilrush,
The R.I.C.
Kilrush
must
something
at
I
no other
home on Monday
McDonnell
and
hotel.
received
having
returned
Sunday.
evening
and
and,
wet
very
turned
Miss Behan's
at
night
Jack
papers
Easter
evening
Sunday
for
an
On Saturday,
a
17.
29th
I
April,
Moore
and
St.
some people
good
after
Patrick
J.
with
us up,
questioned
barracks
where
from
I
me.
barrack
in
kept
the
cell
with
morning
Limerick
to
to
Limerick
Gaol
Limerick
Gaol.
near
Michael
Brennan,
Padraig
Comer,
the
the
May 9th
of
we
belongings
that
met
At
were
was
marched
we1e
and we were
half-filled
Among this
what
with
lot
with
disaster
time
to
wholesale
allowed
through
put
into
who were
Tommy MeInerney,
near
Killorglin
in
there
from
of
over
were
arrests
to
cannot
all
gaols
us and we
On
outside.
with
was
from
who drove
when
Willie
whom I
which
brought
the
Charleville,
Hunt,
station
a train
in
Brennan,
happening
railway
week
next
teacher
others
the
taken
transferred
Quigley
and
the
and
was
I
in
in
H.J.
and
this
actually
prisoners
were
Ruan,
filled
being
No newspapers
unaware
the
Padraig
Bodyke,
Crowe,
remember.
ware
country
made.
were
Martin
moment
C.
Co.
Kilrush
Ennis
and
Irish
teaching
taken
On Monday
Sammy Wyndram,
Healy,
Corofin1
then
O'Dea,
Killaloe,
Denis
Limerick,
at
Seán
the
to
brought
Eamon Waldron,
Galway,
in
Shannon)
Fahy,
the
revolver
.32
spent
were
held
me to
there.
I
Padraig
Francis
took
(police)
evening.
prisoners
Many
Co.
Gort,
Hunt,
the
the
patrol
taken
Joe
(Mike
barracks
among whom were
meantime,
barrack
prisoner
St.
and
I was
it
some business
overnight
night
at
Culligan's,
a small
kept
police
William
in
and
that
A companion,
a police
shop
by
and
St.
Miss
by
Volunteer
O'Dwyer
had
closely
and
the
another
to
the
on Sunday
of
on Jack
at
town
reception
be shot
would
teacher,
searched
the
the
down Francis
books
detained
and
I
that
McNamara
I was
cell,
with
entering
Mr.
was
connected
1 called
school
into
hostile
a school
MaNamara,
went
fairly
I walked
as we ware
and
a
me.
which
connection
St.,
accorded
for
enough
Square,
in
was
I
Kilrush.
knew I was
who
Some predicted
movement.
was
to
went
all
our
already
Tralee.
the
car
Con Keating
and
18.
Alf
Monahan
When
at
I
I
rere
seated
got
a paper
for
saw the
in
the
Seán
the
gymnasium.
sat
myself
on some bread
and
this
time
time
ail
and
the
Irish
Royal
some were
that
to
as
served
soldier
of
preceding
brought
dispatched
F.5.
with
the
bedclothes
room
Con Collins
and
feasted
us from
the
barracks
at
number
some
barrack
of
each
all
and
to
the
various
a blanket
to
marched
After
to
a good
with
supplied
the
in
sympathetic.
a pillow.
as
way
Stack,
in
it
On the
gymnasium
were
Rifles
in
Michael
we were
the
were
bed,
more
Austin
of
mildly
prisoners
night
a
and
assembled
O'Dea,
a glimpse
got
Kent.
all
Stack.
Con Colbert,
a lot
a coiner
jam which
we were
prisoners,
of
we were
in
I
Kingsbridge
Seán
I wais sent
rooms.
at
Austin
a fortnight,
and Eamonn
where
down
The
canteen.
for
execution
acquainted
When we arrived
barracks
and
carriages
with
Barracks
boots
of
time
Heuston
Richmond
used
the
we became
events.
and
one
first
of
report
O'Hanrahan,
Dublin
Con Collins
drowned,
other
we
which
combined.
Our
contained
This
from
representatives
Dublin
and
Seán
myself,
came
from
O'Rourke
from
soldier
for
McGill
an hour
or
of
side
barracks
Irish".
had
Paddy
been
Ryan
P.J.
in
our
room
concert,
impromptu
and
was
our
printed
the
Doris
Barney
solitary
door.
The
on one
occasion
which
he very
a fireplace,
contained
letters
on each
as
R.I.
under
R.I.
R.I.
The
Hughes,
Plunkett
into
had
Joe
Cork,
him
room
soldier
from
Malinn
Coleman,
Barney
outside
Our
which
J.
just
an
included
Joseph
Brennan,
room
so to
Cork,
contingent
John
Gill,
Count
brought
much enjoyed.
M.
Ó hAnnracháin
a small
on duty
Ryan,
or
Dundalk.
in
Clare
Brennan,
Paddy
Peadar
confinement
P.
O'Dea,
Joseph
Mayo,
The
Kerry,
Louth,
Mayo,
places.
Tralee;
Flannery,
from
other
Clare,
occupied
of
just
Ballaghaderreen
previously
by
on looking
the
at
"Royal
the
19.
letters
a brain-wave
got
he quickly
grate,
and,
added
the
letters
R.I.C.
There
into
the
room
the
R.I.C.
though
more
19th
May.
After
marched
England
(Holyhead),
some hours'
Lewes
disused
at
station.
The
as
soldier
escort
us,
calling
leaving
night
by
one
the
although
a good
one
another.
who
came
Belfast,
our
from
to
I
than
in
hour,
but
as
place
session
The
to
each
original
Tyrone,
day
of
number
every
of
sent
Mayo,
railway
the
for
have
our
I
never
May,
guard
was
1916.
again
we had
time
of
Summer
that
not
in
the
Time
so bad
the
most
was
Ireland
Tipperary,
of
with
association
here
been
evening
shortening
was
free
our
shouted
20th
night
county
Galway,
the
and
We made
primitive.
from
bed.
the
here
time
to
after
the
was on this
it
prior
strenuous
the
due
also
practically
Monaghan,
to
to
been
we would
one
that
to
Our
was
went
for
after
taken
not
it
and
bed when
daresay,
Dublin
were
on
ship
and,
streets
cells
and
bunks
scarcely
town
ten
square
on board
years
strength
our
about
believe,
the
like
some hours
London
I
of
daresay
for
for
put
the
lined
didn't
we were
had,
through
I
introduced.
first
to
number
night
due,
since
we had
was
train
which
shown
a shorter
I
and
the
barrack
square
came
a cheery
room
the
Wall
considerable
we made down
to
who
soldiers
soldiers
the
Station,
townspeople
We were
thought
per
marched
of
the
in
the
Victoria
we passed.
angrily
remember
North
considerable
a
We were
mobbed.
the
Barracks
for
coming.
in
the
We had
summoned
then
delay
Detention
the
read
on hearing
that
wet did.
standing
to
of
joke
time
we were
was
than
uncomfortable
so when we were
or
I
may add
maybe
days
meal
I
one
the
enjoyed
it.
any
and
laugh,
later
of
explanation
P to
C and
in
R.I.P.
a general
was
some black-lead
seeing
fifty-nine,
Cork,
it,
20.
Clare, Dublin,
Wexford,
sent
to Frongoch
Internment
or
draft
found
North
Camp at
domiciled
themselves
in
camp was
the
M.W.
New Ireland
before
Chief
Justice
into
duped
of
the
tribunal
of
to
men,
the
would
I
we remained
camp was
Phil
Shanahan
(who was
were
Frongoch
our
men locally
Limerick
one
cleaning
charge
of
day
end
of
started
early,
in
and
I
I
had
the
that
Frongoch,
duty
hut.
Paddy
us
Moran
We
also.
and
released
in
Paddy
from
1916.
I
home
to
a1gain
August
was
if
answered
dining
with
then
was
I
if
to
Shanahan
I
July,
on reaching
and
was
Phil
both
the
party
Mountjoy)
I
I was
asked
My fatigue
out
this
which
that
back
July.
characters.
the
Immediately
and
brought
Scrubbs
was
I
asked
Sankey
the
whether
to
but
one
we were
tribunal,
was.
no
participated,
were
before
I was
said
try
each
Wormwood
accurately.
in
in
manner
as
I
to
they
appear
the
said
Justice
as
this
questioned
in
this
that
this
before
was
by
Commandant
in
up
put
I
in
grand
towards
In
away.
brought
over
this
did
they
being
presided
men about
late
hanged
two
London
file
We were.
assist
were
the
gave
until
enjoyed
the
I
have
in
later
thoroughly
Moran
to
of
and
was
men were
Lewes
Director
insurrection.
Then
would.
the
I
14
now Managing
rank
brought
Hut
this
all
rebellion.
duty.
undoubtedly
where
I
which
for
opportunity
was
to
sent
Lewes
of
of
London,
was
the
Commandant
object
when
of
most
the
Parties
Volunteers.
the
in
part
mobilised
I
five
my rank
took
sure
of
the
nothing
trip
another
and when I
Prison,
of
in
few
released
being
Prisoner
in
the
warned
they
asked
is
The
part
given
a member
The
Company.
from
gave
consisted
I
who
and. I'm
huts,
I
good
Sankey.
however,
O'Reilly,
June.
and a
some commission
taking
where
in
O'Reilly,
a statement
get
Camp,
early
same hut.
Assurance
daily
and
Frongoch
Men were
etc.
Kerry,
I
got
in
train.
met
Seán
touch
While
with
all
in
Ó Murthuille,
a
21.
Gaelic
League
him
William's
at
race
he was
others
be
to
where
Hotel,
was
meeting
He said
I
also
held
also.
I
Fennell,
Seán
or
was
more
for
keeping
our
men together
of
organising.
we
ran
less
up against
and
friendliness.
to
him
meet
which
I
districts
which
had
been
active
of
men,
arms
and
particulars
This
information
would
be held
travelled
in
to
Sean
the
Glare
the
Barrett
of
Seán
I
Ó Tuama,
at
Murthuille,
attend
at
and
explain
to
the
the
other
the
Clare
and
of
of
Ennis,
Technical
this
was
Manahan,
I
November1
Ó Murthuille,
I
Limerick,
Seán
behalf
that
cannot
Ó
asked
meeting,
Committee
this
Munster
there.
on his
by
up to
18th
all
at
owned
required.
Seán
the
11th.
meeting
men turned
practically
Liam
arranged
November
Saturday,
men who were
conclusion
Courthouse,
to
following
and
Darragh,
which
particulars
representatives,
Corcaigh,
now remember
number
from
I
1916.
have
Ennis,
get
which
Carrigaholt
to
the
place.
a meeting
November,
of
and
each
on Saturday,
St.,
on the
in
St.,
each
Easter
to
at
arranged
good
all
the
Limerick
visit
Seán
Thomas
Ennistymon,
Ennis
A
Secured
me to
and
family.
more
from
in
supplied
O'Connell
work
insurrection
the
Hotel
ammunition
Tullycrine
in
good
a lot
a letter
prior
in
representatives
the
Beyond
be
Crusheen
a meeting
attended
1916,
of
to
early
Corofin,
held
Hotel,
and
meeting
to
Cranny,
McNamara
previous
arrangements
we now encountered
Ennis
a meeting
have
were
He asked
Crusheen,
Killadysert,
to
did.
was
general
Fox's
Limerick,
some others
on the
carry
some
day,
we made
but
received
at
and
that
and
to
hostility
on I
Later
Ó Murthuille
in
and where
open
Kilrush
informal
The people
us,
to
a
day.
Eamon Fennell
to
went
same
meet
-
time
days'
that
Ó Murthuille
meeting
towards
Kilrush
word
me to
he asked
a few
in
in
sending
The
friendly
and
Clare,
Kilrush,
being
there
met
for
organiser
that
me to
evening
he had
been
22.
served
with
that
specifying
and,
order
an
he was
I
and
a few
to
who
arms
and
of
fulfil
not
the
Fr.
A.
of
delivered
and
not
at
their
some of
the
Breen.
Fr.
All
on.
England
my message
from
protest
Clancy
In
engagement
meeting,
which
ammunition,
some district
his
went
training
Authorities
Military
in
speeches
included
The work
British
reside
at
appeared
listened
members,
to
could
consequently,
meeting.
the
by
the
available
by any
means
We bad
not
considerable,
were
were
and
conserved
established
With
as we were
Limerick
those
Among those
after
in
released
were
Meelick,
Michael
others.
After
independent
proposal
in
who
discussion
for
touch
sanctioned
and
Ennis,
Eamon
Fennell,
Eamon Waldron
area.
Paddy
with
a view
the
following
to
Brennan,
some
and
dare
was
Bertie
Mlcheál
to
the
Dublin
With
St.,
decided
it
was
Ennistymon,
Crusheen,
and
Brennan,
were
all
Gaol.
Reading
O'Connell
touch
Brigade.
of
a meeting
Clouna,
McNamara,
Tulla,
Moloney,
Limerick
in
Micheál
January,
in
release
the
attended
Connelly,
brigade
in
and
McNamara's,
Those
the
Camp and
Paddy
Seán
Corofin,
get
Mrs.
Seamus
Carrigaholt,
to
at
of
came
it
Frongoch
early
Brennan.
by Paddy
Hunt,
interned
held
a part
still
yet
we kept
but
Dublin,
and with
Christmas,
and
called
came
1916,
still
just
safely.
with
connection
any
Christmas,
stored
form
an
Brennan
this
having
officers
were
appointed:
Brigade
The
With
County
was
divided
a Commandant
Commandants
Commandant
Comdt.
Vice
Adjutant
Q/M
were:
in
into
charge
Micheál
-
Brennan
Patrick
Frank
Barrett
Barrett
Joseph
Eamon Waldron.
a number
of
each.
Brennan,
of
battalion
The
Seán
names
McNamara,
areas,
of
the
Bertie
was
23.
Michael
Hunt,
and
Mo1oney
The
in
Dublin
Art
establishment
due
course
Brennan
and
but
organisation
to
were
others
patriotic
February,
1917,
Wetherby
went
on.
Easter
elaborate
the
at
Mlcheál
in
England,
the
came;
precautions
everywhere
of
Flags
Rising
and
many places
by
held
Commandant
to
of
the
1916.
in
change
became
atmosphere
were
deported
took
in
out
meetings
still
a recurrence
hung
Michael
was approved
brigade
of
brigade
and
Authorities
prevent
were
the
In
intervals.
British
Eamon Fennell,
Connelly,
O'Donnell.
regular
the
Seamus
Quinn,
the
country's
noticeable.
Many
remarkably
were
now eager,
proceeded
to
The
death
occurred
Redmond,
British
dare.
A convention
and
Sinn
This
convention
and was
Dublin
Austin
Arthur
Griffith,,
that
the
its
stood
streets
1916,
formally
up,
of
you
called
made
the
Dublin,
are
propose
for
all
th&6
him
the
last
our
candidate
proposals
said:
these
for
Fr.
and
can
He was
in
dust
surrender
facts
Clare".
not
Alfred
"Clare
the
man to
of
men,
fighting
bite
he was
the
rising",
de Valera.
Derbys
as
candidature
man is
and
the
Ennis,
the
the
P.P.,
of
further
and
Ennis,
Clancy,
pandemonium
with
hand.
for
wanted
Notts
acquainted
Volunteer
seconded
"shirked
order
the
(Dodger),
to
resembing
East
on behalf
called
we always
for
Hotel,
James
Hehir
Hugh
said,
man and
fighting
man who
dare
a scene
In
shirkers.
Moloney
in
Rev.
Willie
in
Ground
Considine
objected
he
who,
Old
attended
and
Meelick,
yet.
of
hand
working
training
Major
on behalf
Very
Chairman
the
of
1917,
the
Milroy
Griffith
When
he stated
the
William
Brennan,
Arthur
have
Seán
executive.
proposal.
at
place
by
as
Representative
who were
over
and
proposed
May,
called
was
took
presided
Kilballyowen,
in
Parliamentary
elements,
Féin
and
Volunteer
mostly
"underground"
but
briskly
ranks
the
join
and
the
in
I
now
The
24.
was
proposal
there
more
any
see
didn't
and when
asked
Chairman,
Very
candidate
was
interest
the
convicted
from
of
the
down
however,
to
get
a seconder
declared
that
and
The
the
Irish
back
Parliamentary
The
contest
was waged
of
soldiers
-
women"
whenever
the
had
chosen
banded
themselves
possible
those
for
candidate,
the
de Valera
-
in
liked
constituency.
of
violently
Republican
his
first
that
he
stood
The
most
speeches
were
delivered
all
over
Volunte1ers
paraded
and
drilled
extreme
and
constituency
Petrol
was
were
and
I
difficult
of
the
able
to
get
two
by Seán
I
these
car
after
the
been
in
but
been
Head
drums
unable
stored
motor
on the
(Gaelic
was
the
publicly.
cars
A considerable
Loop
gallon
Republic.
but
ashore
the
Ó Murthuille
had
time
required.
forty
drums
drums
this
t
washed
Volunteers
Accompanied
collected
get
when
had
spirit
through
was
to
available
readily
amount
the
Irish
in
speech
constituency
an
the
"separation
the
for
the
well
attacked
the
supported
the
-
relatives
and
declared
the
towns
together
who
in
into
find
to
extremely
The
in
Army
them
scenes
straight
Party
furiously.
British
came
soul
Senior
Counsel
who was
a
innumerable
connections
family
had
amid
and
for
great
released
heart
possible
the
begun
were
them
Lynch,
and
and
aroused
Dublin
in
of
Many
was
bad
of
Duggan
their
insurrection
themselves
it
Michael
election
contest
arrived
threw
candidate
strongest
the
of
and
The
enthusiasm.
dare
contest.
Paddy
before
gaols
wildest
to
Clancy,
to
a candidate
propose
prisoners
English
candidate,
to
Eamon de Valera.
and1almost
as
he wished
Fr.
Rev.
said
he had
He failed,
he
Bodyke
a Clareman
were
asked
Chairman
of
Healy
have
Chairman
that
the
if
the
by
said
Scariff.
Denis
couldn't
they
and
immediately
proposals.
why
he
propose
seconded
in
at
the
coast,
peninsula
Kilbaha.
League
to
Clare
find
back.
organiser)
room
in
I
the
walked
25.
with
Eamon
from
Fennell
from Fennell
a bicycle
to
train
morning
accompanied
from
William
at
On the
I
Stack,
at
Studdert
and
Carrigaholt,
I
Carrigaholt
Ennis.
Austin
by
to
Kilbaha
just
following
night,
and
Kilballyowen
the
caught
60
a further
got
getting
gallons
Jas.
Rev.
Clancy,
P.P.
The
at
the
that
route.
the
next
I was
all
in
Old
(The
night,
Hotel)
sent
windows
of
the
sealed
in
were
if
a fact.
discovered
light
from
Fair
green.
was
finished
of
the
a victory
following
in
word
Council
for
chamber
the
that
the
the
window
The
in
for
was
light
of
was
with
the
with
actual
de Valera
Lynch
Majority
officers
the
in
the
5,010
2.035
2,975.
of
of
one
in
the
the
boxes
development
was
it
of
the
another
side
morning
staggering
of
the
of
ballot
opposite
a majority
state
in
Cotter
a reflection.
on
the
at
serious
commenced
afternoon,
Headquarters
however,
but
a house
de Valera
being
all
investigation,
count
the
where
the
intervals.
observed
a very
night,
On close
was
light
the
Court
outside
kept
guard
Jack
Capt.
en
the
Republican
One of
guard,
of
regular
the
changed
with
order
a Volunteer
was
at
at
hours.
that
allow
guard
in
parties
opening
changed
and
Courthouse
Dublin,
the
Volunteers
three
every
the
to
were
tampered
to
refused
and
1917,
boxes
were
boxes
being
Ground
11th,
by Volunteer
the
the
July
ballot
so a Volunteer
of
of
was
the
overnight
charge
Courthouse
charge
of
Sheriff
morning,
Courthouse
all
poll
none
boxes
on the
election
Courthouse
The High
guard
the
the
Ennis
to
ensure
of
of
close
escorted
to
date
over
poll:
of
the
and
result
21/2 to
1,
26.
The whole
sounded
the
Volunteers
brigade
knell
kept
for
arrests
to
first
to
and
Brennan
to
and
Cork
24th
to
Gaol
taken
also,
including
of
(Golly,)
cars
in
ready
On arrival
Military
Detention
confinement.
- viz
morning
there
Lynch
in
up and
have
exercised
out
to
After
a smoke
that
in
I
place
1916,
and
was
in
was
the
we were
prison
buried.
in
what
and
from
the
following
and
where
yard
There
Fionán
we
breakfast
barrack
that
told
give
solitary
prisoners.
friendly
crowds
to
to
Stack
the
Micheál
send-off
saw Austin
in
some
train
I
exercise
found
sensing
the
in
on
routes
on the
-
Barracks
the
Mass
August
was
in
in
arrested
crowd,
brought
When brought
charge
was
we were
received
court
devious
us a good
give
placed
to
Austin
stations
Ennis
and
out
executed
Cork
was
avoid
by
Barracks
15th
brought
from
to
at
and
and
the
weeks
arrested
They
railway
but
out
a few
Corofin
to
taken
Clarecastle,
them
I
of
the
we were
among the
soldier
at
drill
Barracks
order
In
Clarecastle
there.
I
Ennis
Hunt
Ruan.
travelled
happened,
to
to
Detention
Military
Mount joy.
collected
to
the
H.J.
a send-off,
jaunting
Kent,
from
all
order
by a military
labour
a
at
Courtmartial.
Mick
Paddy,
Irish
those
Liscannon.
hard
and. When
made and
victory
and
of
by District
were
August
prisoners
were
tried
O'Loughlin,
removed
who now usually
were
and
course
the
were
to
O'Brien
in
an
men and
their
so, and
years
and
runaway
drilling
issue
to
out
drilling
two
were
take
did
Peadar
this
The
and
decided
arrested
be
and
parading
later
others
had
was
Cork
of
sentences
Cork
it
public
taken
The
their
Many
wild
Parliamentarianism.
up
Captains
publicly.
were
of
meeting
Company
went
country
The
yard.
able
to
light
we were
where
was
being
Thomas
no mark
27.
a falint
except
were
allowed
entrance
see
and
with
us.
Fr.
the
news
of
was
da3
O'Dwyer,
to
fearlessly
in
Forces
and
in
was
a demand
open
This
association
with
the
courtsmartial
The
Crown
to
in the
promulgated
The
commuted
Dublin,
work
called
to
where
sewing
in
one.
mail
of
the
was
to
my case
was
two
We were
bags
to
put
in
then
in
our
the
two
removed
the
constituted
Refusal
of
"not
guilty"
charges
and
The
years"
Jail
trial.
All
the
no part
labour.
hard
labour,
to
Mountjoy
solitary
confinement
ceils.
Paddy
was
when
sentences
hard
years'
Cork
Barracks.
cross-examined
one
exercise.
night
a plea
prisoners.
for
exercise,
British
of
prisoners
behalf
proceedings.
as
taken
rather
the
Woulfe.
this
British
at
Military
Travers
from
we were
the
in1support
by the
ranged
sentence
J.
was
court
trial
at
ignored
witness
preferred.
when
pending
and
were
take
relaxed
validity
the
to
so
up
before.
at
were
the
them
association
that
denied
and witnesses
free
place
the
on our
Stack
shifted
took
stood
of
lot
of
Thomas
Ed.
were
we were
was
recognise
taken
by Austin
Prosecutor
try
the
item
year
Barracks
Detention
and
Dr.
the
was
sister,
Commanding
-
to
Father
principal
Rev.
called
Stack's
man who had
ameliorate
conditions
The
to
to
that
Most
Maxwell
we proceeded
result
prison
court
order
exercise
air
prisoners
the
presented
more
where
in
John
Austin
Our
the
who
MacSwiney's
officer
Sir
to
Capuchin
was
me.
the
Limerick,
-
Ireland
St.
men,
of
taken
some people
Terry
death
Visitors
nearby.
was
I
Church
see
British
the
Conditions
severe,
meet
1916
to
the
of
Bishop
to
MacSwiney,
Who called
that
day
the
the
wall
that
Stack
Augustine,
Eithne
visitor
on the
sometime
many
visitor.
cross
Austin
who attended
I
crude
Brennan,
Gaol,
and
put
Austin
to
&
28.
and
Micheál
Mountjoy,
a few
us was established
of
the
our
with
own
wood
it
cubicle
was
not
confined
in
to
to
his
cell
then
a limited
the
Austin
All
to
went
Stack
the
in
day
we were
under
the
apart
-
with
bread
On looking
Hunt,
and
walking
two
yards
around
in
my cell
exercise
occurred
immediately
given
refuse
exercise
exercise
singly.
unless
I
restraint
to
we were
time
to
me that
all
following
to
yard
or
four
talking
freely
of
take
dark
of
cells
on the
us
on his
out.
our
men,
H.J.
own,
we were
together,
cement
We
came
Bertie
yards
also.
saw one
yard
shouted
confined.
again
concentric
groups,
I
taken
on the
apart
made
window
the
all
threats
being
a general
forty,
three
three
warders
When exercise
around
it
or
fo4r
no move was
through
-
conditions
to
Scally;
a different
in
sent
about
been
but
the
despite
and water.
day
following
had
men went
was
We were
day,
exercise
around
walked
and
other
to
being
paths
off
threw
all
that
prison
walking
this
each
out
ordinary
and
ignored
exercise
taken
these
paths,
and
no more
with
the
in
regulations.
by one until
and
front,
name was
now numbering
cells
in
two
resulted
a
having
Lynch
prisoners,
back
was
or
this
other's
on them by prison
put
conversation
whose
and
all
man was
each
Fionán
charge,
Governor
association,
open
a day
freely.
imposed
There
meant
home little
cubicles
one
this
followed;
each
to
prisoner
was
between
association
each
and
After
warder
and
in
already
the
we were
which
way
see
days
association
cubicles
to
work
While
neighbour.
by
mix-up.
yard",
own cubicle,
other's
each
"wood
free
fact
immediate
his
himself.
his
in
permitted
to
air
a few
were
communication
asked
open
In
the
when
days
demanded
in
Liscannor
prisoner
comrades.
chopping
small
each
and
prison
of
O'Loughlin
Peadar
and after
to
going
to
Hunt
and
I
then
be
29.
shouted
same floor
was
and
taken
issued
which
were
created
The
I
the
there
went
other
bell
like
a hammer
wall
to
Seán
I
each
and
other
call
then
was
mine,
talk
freely.
permit
went
round
what
has
for
left
the
in
next
windows;
the
cells
two
nights.
and
glass,
and
since
were
the
toughest
as
round
the
Saturday
but
usual
The
door.
the
ever
I
nobody
only
Chief
thing
was
strewn
with
Warder
and
of
other.
glass
that
and
men took
Governor
"Tom Ashe
We
1917.
or
now,
and
the
boots
in
the
bricks
broken
these
two
nights
food
was
taken
The
it
able
each
mortar,
believe
had
me,
were
called
no
of
openings
visit
experienced.
the
my cell
now we were.
bedding
There
touched
be used
Trayers
side
September,
bed,
I
with
a hunger-strike,
been
20th
back
looking
Micheál
iron
round
through
The
for
without
were
floors
the
bore
to
the
and with
could
other
us
force,
a solid
was
connected
so that
into
started
on Thursday,
Hunger-strike"
were
on the
to
enough
large
A general
who was
air.
was
so of
This
to
in
weight,
or
who was
neighbour,
bored
in
and was
able
soon
smashing
cell
which
outside.
thus
on a Thursday.
bell,
wall
din
the
This
inches
14
bells
the
each
2 lbs
was
some fresh
in
believe,
the
cell
was
Treacy,
meantime
however,
thus
and
I
about
the
to
bedding.
about
on the
my next door
Gort.
see
iron
fittings
let
to
and
off
the
led
by visiting
wrenching
came
through
of
the
Hunt
order
To stifle
windows
and vas,
of
An
this
in
Bertie
ringing
cells.
beds
attached
which
to
and
piece
was happening.
muffled,
1917,
in
horn-shaped
the
the
cell
boots
September.
in
to
who was
Stack
immediately.
retaliated
our
Austin
simultaneous
were
in
succeeded
it
the
authorities
20th
cell
his
bells
glass
removing
him what
attached
the
the
to
for
to
corridor
told
back
then
of
the
across
it
remained
was water.
visited
the
outside
On
cells
30.
said
and
beds
the
would
that
undertaking
was given,
on
Saturday
that
forcible
feeding
was
were
for
first
fed
the
through
rubber
repeated
on
time
twice
morning.
I
morning.
A new doctor
where
to
the
insert
the
forcibly
tube,
which
and
on the
Dr.
Lowe withdrew
of
I
on the
cell
the
I
a short
which
was
warder
night
fed
by Dr.
he
where
On that
we were
the
Lord
29th
Mayor
September,
of
him that
as prisoners
we
of
war.
had our
to
opposite
saw the
then
and
on
when
being
forcibly
the
Mater
Hospital,
to
September,
fed
1917
but
only,
Stack
on the
twice
twice,
On Saturday
on Saturday.
Laurence
had
a visit
agreed
strike
was
accordingly
meal for
10
days
from
who
O'Neill,
had
authorities
The
first
Austin
I
wondered,
once
and
Aid.
Dublin,
the
and
forcibly
on Friday
Thursday,
back
mine
25th
fed
taken
and
fit
operation.
cell,
out
forcibly
Wednesday,
on
and
we were
the
his
I
the
evening,
after
go to
34)
usual,
violently.
fed.
collapsed
taken
than
be forcibly
was
cell
he proceeded
the
over
Tuesday
the
coughed
I was
overcoat.
was
in
it
was
operation
more
completed
cell
the
on Tuesday
and
hurt
floor
to
too,
on this
fed
warder
net
he had
that
died
informed
off
heard
once
Lowe was
to
going
his
his
we and
day
night,
the
I
day,
again
with
and
after
and
saw
number of
return
that
I
then
back
pumped
eggs
The
re-inserted
and
on the
placed
(the
me,
next
while
and
pump I
the
No
up.
evening,
stomach.
thought
tube,
Tom Ashe
saw
I
them
hunger-strikers
milk
Dr.
an
gave
brought
administered
floor
ground
After
to
the
the
be forcibly
of
had ceased
coughing
was
stroke
first
the
named
was
food
and
on Monday
to
tear
On that
with
into
we
were
beds
commenced
taken
was
the
or
evening.
tubing
Sunday,
break
but
if
back
given
we wouldn't
undertaking
cells
be
to
on the
treat
us
declared
following
31.
Sunday
on that
and
Our
morning.
an occasional
as
went
the
it
on to
and
by now all
the
Irish
death
in
"Conscientious
and,
cnair
not
you
political
days
of
of
know",
he
l917.
much earlier
he
O'Neill,
Gaol,
the
than
him
one
the
we were
us
doors
a
was only
he
of
mother
being
to
the
Lord
adhered
stipulated
to
locked
It
on the
the
Mayor,
on the
being
house
there
that
bordered
were
conversion".
prepared
transpired
through
food
a Quaker
When
transferred
it
the
why
day
he was
no,
was being
not
those
hunger-strike
commenced.
"is
was
cell
as Francis.
a special
of
said
said
Dundalk
to
conveyed
Dundalk
while
at
of
objector
said,
December,
on military
make
men asked
racket
and
of
period
he
prisoners,
Governor
our
Army,
on
alright,
a number
to
our
We had
Went
whom we knew
of
of
training.
asked
during
Prison
Laurence
hours
were
conscription
agreement
fare,
time
that Dundalk
Aldermen
prison
this
wildfire
exist.
to
menu vas
general
a Quaker,
When we arrived
verbal
in
methods
classes
a conscientious
the
Since
We learned
first
to
rest
everything
and
British
he always
"Necessity,
all
the
join
and
our
one
When one
was
able
like
country
coda
He was
feeding
Quaker
at
carpenter.
consequently,
asked
to
laid
ceased
societies,
Objectors",
refused
had
visitors,
morse
Mountjoy
the
prison
debating
Confined
did
the
allowed
concerts,
tactics,
he
he was
day
Tomás Ághas
constitutional
Party
within
matters,
and
the
for
support
We were
forcible
of
funeral
over
swept
Parliamentary
a
the
all
open
we were
1917,
where
Glasnevin,
self-government
He was
of
glimpse
Tom Ashe's
we had
September,
thrown
Plot.
Republic
grand.
were
doors
30th
Sunday,
catch
cell
Was
by
the
usual
at
32.
It
was
Commandant,
that
the
over
batches
an
Act",
and
the
we left
the
he
that
currency
the
explored
who
people
your
at
Dundalk
town
to
happened
to
Castlebellingham
County
in
the
on
On
a
to
Baldonnell
than
divided
neighbouring
of 1917 and
were
and
met
of
that
kin
from
mine,
go to
I'd
my own from
of
to
already
arranged
Dublin,
so I was
to
go.
Martin
some
O'Donnell
is
travel
now a
Aerodrome.
home our
ever.
were
activities
Greater
battalions
arrest
We
meal.
One youth
asked
at
the
to
a cousin
train
cars
renewed
entnusiasm
more
prevailed
were doubled
and new
companies
Volunteer
to be formed.
Our battalion
area was
had
and
into
two battalions,
and the other
formed
battalions
Many
Clare.
parents,
this
When
had
taken
morning
me and
his
under
large
a light
however,
midday
reaching
vigorously
elsewhere.
meet
unable
unfortunately
Commandant
see
We had,
Clare.
a body
to
Dundalk
date
suspended".
we were
O'Donnell,
Mouse
on release
townspeople
given
from
at
is
the
and
"Cat
a
in
on a given
are
you
and
released
the
prison
following
be
Martin
Castlebellingham,
into
cycled
us
on the
After
prisoner
sentence
we were
where
hotels,
"while
meet
operation.
were
each
Governor
the
conditions
under
the
of
prison
to
gates
prison
Ito
t4
that
the
local
handed
return
him
informing
order
was
into
days
prisoners'
the
prisoners
four
the
informed
go on until
pul
the
or
three
order
demanding
were
strike
and
again,
accordingly
would
Mountjoy
in
hunger
days
Stack,
strike
hunger
strike
hunger
Austin
to
agreed
few
to
decided
who
in
kept
NewYear
of
continued
the
August,
1917,
pretty
busy
were
also
19l8
became
extremely
public
drill
campaign
'on
were
raiding
for
and
doubled,
the
run'
them
by Christmas
active
since
and
Early
the
in
our
R.I.C.
1918
33.
a wave
of
Martial
cattledriving
law was
were
drafted
concerts,
all
this
the
for
I
can
in
court
had
what
the
cnance,
actually
one
Courthouse
and
grounds
The dates
'on
the
so
to do
I
and
possible
out
one night
in
March,
on
the
that
on arrival
Other
up ranch
or
lands
demesne
word
with
Peadar
accorded
on
the
one
or
O'Loughlin
political
following
to
were
two
of
there
day.
Glare
Liscannor.
-
and
"Cat
as
unlucky
Colonel
They
and were
chanced
be
to
and
night,
I
morning.
found
prisoner
off
Mass
I
Tom McGrath
were
removed
of
convicted
cattle
at
going
much as
I
who were
and
and
exactly
"political"
driving
the
military.
the
that
from
escaped
by R.I.C.
the
already
them
treatment
in
of
or
and
to
although
was
Gaol
only
from
of
and
Belfast
the
their
arrest
morning
I was
seizing
occasionally.
1918,
o'clock
lands
of
some
unable
not
the
R.M.
and
under
way
only
one
prisoners
ploughing
the
before
were
police
return
following
taken
about
there
of
a
than
some kind.
The
dock
and while
of
home
I was
there.
for
out
of
recaptured,
now elapsed,
kept
tried
cleared
the
more
men,
being
and,
full
were
at
Military.
arriving
was
slept
early
arrested
them
specified
had
run',
of
of
guard
over
leaped
Not
order
be
to
occurred,
prisoners
custody.
Mouse"
court
incident
amusing
a cheer.
The prisoners'
ensued.
confusion
forth
made,
notwithstanding
offences
agrarian
brought
the
and
were
remember,
were
continued.
A number
or
ordered
immediately
but
activities
Court.
military
orders
suppressed,
an unusual
period
as
Clare.
of
Curfaw
organizing
cattledriving
A remark
grasp
were
Ennis
as well
R.M.
etc.
this
at
place
dozen
county.
usual
During
took
the
dances,
north
and large
proclaimed
into
and
east
swept
not
to
ranches
had
a
and
being
Derry
Gaol
34
After
were
prisoners
Joseph
several
to
for
us.
The
boys
number
Easter
Week.
more
were
brought
of
about
All
this
top
storeys
two
rival
sang
prison
the
and
of
Brae
It
and
other
smashed
all
To protest
floor
up their
and
handcuffed
next
few
days.
June
one
of
and
from
our
Mass
was
force
overwhelming
and
we were
all
and
removed
to
prisoners
had
spotted
to
were
a different
to
smashed
was
say
to
mostly
again,
of
before
and when
the
asked
charge,
as
the
iron
into
prison.
the
Visiting
the
keys,
removed
balcony
an
the
behind
for
on 29th
were
invariably
we were
time
handcuff
the
so
on the
a result,
the
by
or
prisoners
evening
brought
or
there
25th
cells
the
on the
That
wing
charged
insubordination,
anything
R.I.C.
to
handcuffs
c1ls
handcuffed
then
the
over
June
(handcuffed)
of
the
a concert
all
Mass
a bunch
and
their
of
to
going
wrists
back
handcuffed
kept
lads
everybody's
way
were
that
songs.
about
and,
after
congregated
this,
against
in
locked
after
one
by
and windows
when
immediately
on the
with
cells
and
and
confusion
took place
Considerable
a force
of warders
removed us one
ground
and
anti-Irish
Orange
Belfast
in
were
and women
Orangemen
a
of
arrival
so happened
Road,
Gaol.
Armagh
now filled,
cells
place.
cleared
been
(160).
sixty
the
Crumlin
to
removed
then
number
was
of
doors
took
parties
the
Dundalk,
and
had
on the
until,
block
all
taken
Mr.
who was
elapsed
which
were
arrive
overlooked
Dolly's1
the
particular
a concert
tea-time,
and we were
one hundred
when
evenings,
more
in,
and
Aiken,
McDonagh
Two days
from
prisoners
Frank
Thos.
prisoners
to
continued
on my own other
Mr.
of
of
portion
The women
now reached
the
a brother
in
women's
the
viz.
in,
brought
McDonagh,
executed
some days
there
being
prison
our
backs,
The
Justices
chairman
replied
if
they
in
35.
the
able
prompted
way
Commandant
prisoners'
His
reply
the
Orange
A sentence
of
one
of
handcuffs,
seven
prisoners
Muffs
being
the
during
campaign,
and
had
Rosary
in
Lynch,
a concert
began
of
following
morning.
the
the
prolonged
evening
windows
the
rattling
of
area
and
started
reach
to
about
it.
marched
the
to
of
leniency
and
outbreaks
of
and
had
Dublin
and
the
was
Sir
just
Stack
to
experience
on a par
to
retire
were
from
of
With
the
for
be very
we should
and
that
the
future.
the
present,
roar
saw him
When
forward
stepped
which
leniency
of
history
England's
and we
and
being
we should
the
Visiting
be no further
immediately
A mighty
nationalities.
James
us
the
graciousness
would
we understood
that
extended
personal
small
forced
Austin
all
we were
of
the
boys
outbursts
we were
where
action
good
created
do nothing
could
days
that
Castle's
was
many protests
privileges
there
that
by
a residential
in
he
through
our
by being
James
Castle
leniency
for
Dublin
concluded,
Sir
that
hours
early
during
Chairman
Kennedy,
by Fionán
noise
situated
this
the
followed
frames
prison,
insubordination,
thanks
told
the
Castle
he hoped
of
appreciative
our
us
Dublin
restored,
of
was
in
after
the
great
a few
after
James
told
He
item
but
under
kept
usually
hospital,
Governor,
centre
by Sir
Justices.
he
the
Eventually
addressed
show
a large
to
proximate
was
gaol
on
imposed
and
into
iron
me."
many cases.
recited,
lasted
their
from
still
rested
shouting,
British
was
water
all
of
my rights
a good
Each
in
As the
applause.
been
charged.
prisoner
the
were
boys
which
and
applause
the
wrest
they
in
used
day
for
and
bread
days
the
to
first
the
representatives
acting
be able
not
the
collected
of Belfast
Lodges
will
the
who was
Stack,
Austin
and wno was
"That
was
Government
each
by
and
the
that
pretended
from
the
no more.
past
such
love
boys
by
36
Normal
months.
at
notable
Many
this
names
time
a document
in
In
time.
of
and mock
Seamus
of
Murray
Ernest
In
the
which
a
'flu
it
found
some
its
and
were
doctors
to
lie
up.
Spring
of
the
plank
ones
an
assistant
to
command you
beds
and were
the
to
M.O.,
I
Hastily
Retreat.
without
being
properly
another
doctor
came,
Dr.
McSorley,
I
got
out
put
spent
the
but
would
your
Catholic
a thorough
at
and
any
eventually
in
I
cells
had
instead
would
this
doctor,
door
the
then
manner
When
conscientious
examination
or
work
to
time
up,
prison
The
and
Europe
laid
the
at
sixty
caused
eventually
a week
almost
in
and
were
in
the
tongue
and
there
stand
just
laundry.
waged
pretending
into
put
available,
more comfortable.
examined
a
or
na
hundred
Many
a time,
were
in
hospital
working
for
escaped
to
Mayo,
America
Gaol.
sent
was
being
and
by
"Glór
conditions
Europe
Belfast
one
was
Probably
who were
of
only
about
were
promise
called
copy
war
the
inaugurated
promulgated
on a bench
time
and
into
way
I
full-time.
and
this
of
McEvilly
journal
one
throughout
seriously
outside,
at
Belfast
epidemic
a
standing
intensity.
great
Seamus
case
each
were
in
prisoners
and
(atnletic)
also
was
Journal"
edited
read
editor
There
with
Dublin
classes,
sports
were
the
away
"An Seabhach",
by
breaches
including
Blythe
gCharcrach"
conducted
Debates
Birds'
"Jail
their
pass
Irish
classes,
was
held.
to
organised
occasionally,
cases,
Belfast
all
give
to
some
kind.
way,
were
for
in
cells
be impossible
military
and,
court
The
While
the
by
way
staged.
occupied
were
to
training
small
in a
figures
activities
which,
physical
and
of
addition
so
continued
resumed
would
It
Various
one
was
life
prison
and was
man,
37
dispatched
from
pneumonia.
days
and
in
at
nurse
was
Carrickmore,
Ryan
from
were
patients
the
bed
in
of
in
the
of
the
up
to
one
the
and
of
l50
them
case
fatal
The
eleventh
a huge
roar
in
the
were
laid
the
in
jail,
a
the
eleventh
day
big
fired
in
the
and
11th
November
the
fireworks
were
in
them
that
a prisoner
firearms
was
was
brought
and was
taken
out
this
at
time,
was
there
the
into
to
was
hospital,
Belfast
the
criminal
a close,
of
the
not
eleventh
it
had
night
of
the
authorities
dawned
on
a demonstration.
about
Gaol
the
to
etc.
prison
finally
only
month
celebrations
our
on that
The
and
simultaneously
rockets
signal
until
place
taking
in
of
began.
some time
were
we
that
Unknown
hospital.
a given
at
to
We had
quantity
in,
what
guns
a close.
smuggled
for
and
of
considerable
a panic
'flu
a pool
in
there
now drawing
and
He
constitution,
so patients
up with
leg.
may add
was
been
While
or
by him
found
I
the
broken
the
a strong
all.
from
lot.
1 to
too,
authorities
it
a thousand
War
in
war
hour
from
world
brought
160
European
on the
from
name was
was
and was
Boland
One
fell
and
Miss
was
also.
the
ware
The
Gerald
and
think
were
McCartan
nurse
time
four
prison
nurses
Dr.
of
cut
He had
of
number
patients.
delirious
there
morning.
recovered
total
I
a nasty
night
the
day
this
Some bedroom
all
in
became
he received
two
Brennan
hospital,
floor.
practically
however,
the
the
at
hospital
Cork,
and
falling
and
Tyrone,
in
but
a cousin
or
three
Usually
after
look
suffering
for
it.
warders,
General
the
in
of
McCartan,
Co.
Murphy,
blood
to
Downpatrick.
on to
lay
Miss
patients
Patrick
time
this
from
of
are
hospital
poulticed
out
pulled
the attendants
brought
prison
was heavily
eventually
hospitals
night
I
the
to
immediately
December,
convicted
section
of
of
the
1918,
having
gaol
38.
to
serve
near
go
John
or
Doran,
Six
political
became
for
this
in
time
the
of
wing
prevented
warders
to
this
Two days
to
Brennan
be
December,
to
decided
St.
in
and with
his
refreshments
at
O'Neill,
the
Albert
we were
whose
able
to
name was
get
107,
céili
at
the
a Belfast
boys
Stephen's
man,
with
too
so we
St.
in
High
a
to
Thomas
MacAleenan,
some Christmas
We had
Road.
Ormeau
Gaelic
arm
rooms
League
all
our
and we
Road,
Here
night.
his
was
Hotel
directed
of
on St.
It
and
Corr's
Place
24th
Christmas
Crumlin
or
on the
over
up at
that
Micheál
released.
at
a hooley
informed
Day,
Street
the
was
and
us were
in
into
the
Christmas
booked
we were
having
allowed
home for
and we put
dinner
Grosvenor
of
help
of
day.
ready,
Belfast
a nearby
were
they
I
Day
following
get
getting
we had
in
John
of
bars
1918
to
two
the
from
by an escort
Christmas
told
of
iron
with
and
that
everything
officials
section
all
I was
control
guards
prison
on the
the
Day
publican
attended
other
accompanied
remain
After
Christmas
also
think
Stephen's
and
before
19l8,
to
gaol
matters
political
about
complete
and
the
released
was
took
so Christmas
and
hear
could
particular
when
only
prisoners,
I was
I
the
away.
and
him
over
the
hidden
Although
fortnight.
Our people
political
through
next
and
locate
and
them
chance
into
brought
gaol
Stack,
- he was
called
to
unable
between
hospital,
place.
access
were
strained
very
the
of
Austin
available
- was
height
Loughinisland,
Commandant,
he was
as
of
Doran
first
the
section
officials
prisoners
late
in
p1isoners
prison
took
"Wee John"
inches
two
Our
and at
immediately
feet
The
Down
Co.
Downpatrick,
busy
He was John
sentence.
his
I
in
met
bandaged
up.
39
He had
been badly
and
had then
arid
lodged
few
days
on the
viz.
been
a Clareman
McMahon,
We could
Blythe.
A group
of
laundry
overlooking
songs,
while
Crumlin
Road
Micheál
of
roaring
back
Brennan
and
that
they
told
they
expected
the
we
crowd
confronting
there
left
been
the
lads
saluted
not
them,
stampede
by
want
on the
in
belong
our
Belfast
We could
the
people
the
up
friend,
we
several
we kept
but
mob.
as we were
leaving,
half
hut
lad
them
outside
direction,
that
to
the
our
to
recognise
laundry,
provoke
and
A Belfast
laundry.
not
by
and
strength.
Road
we did
of
mob in
them
The
minutes..
to
with
us.
given
roof
a siege,
Crumlin
and
getting
for
attack
and
Blythe
were
came with
that
however,
the
During
the
jail
up
fire
they
quiet
We
a
expecting
allowed
us
move away.
quietly
college
boys
sensed
on the
would
the
meantime
E.
met
still
was
national
in
the
the
preparing
we moved
a few
after
as we did
to
jail
on advice
acting
withdrew
of
the
the
all
matters
"Wee John"
the
with
that
the
singing
collected
In
men inside,
Ernest
of
were
and
were
the
on top
inside
us
authorities
to
them
a
excitement.
and were
command..
the
evidently
and,
boys
that
us
After
who had
told
assembled
bargain
jail
and
tremendous
police,
released
the
of
two
was
at
I went
at
Kilmaley,
Orangemen
their
They
see
the
been
from
Road
Crumlin
at
and
had
a crowd
McMahon.
worse
there
prisoners
usually
language
Joe
the
see
into
We called
to
and
Orangemen
He had
asked
and
of
police
Jail.
meeting.
December
27th
the
by
Road
our
before
Joe
arrested
Crumlin
in
by a crowd
beaten
mates
Duffin
these
in
few
Belfast.
home at
64,
I
days
visited
One of
Clonard
a few
the
places
Gardens,
near
friends
visited
the
and
was
celebrated
4O.
Redemptorist
St.
Patrick's
the
I
Training
same years
also
met in
brother,
Dan,
these
Training
were
also
the
D.I
local
on that
few
of
many
and
Cave
with
Hill
founded
its
the
On looking
at
and
night,
from
excluded
one
of
real
from
contact.
the
been
broken
two
broken
where
how the
top
the
fact
that
the
where
the
a good
deal
kitchen
travel
in
had
prison
It
down and
we weren't
able
read
in
about
the
bodies
where
to
that
the
authorities
was
not
until
connected
with
roof
had
during
themselves
met
idea
any
he had
from
other
the
were
account
overhead
December.
and who was
we had
how the
cells,
to
we had
Connor
a written
retired
march
wing
and
had
Tone
isolated
completely
the
Dr.
then
of
the
of
himself.
prepared
iron
of
Wolfe
The
particular
which
view
saw where
revolt.
open
that
how the
we
see
our
on 28th
Dublin
morning
Down and
us
on their
during
to
a distant
with
prison
of
about
profile,
off
boys
tiers
they
the
Irishmen
He gave
inside
us
by
content
chaplains,
prison
own home by
their
convicted
on that
of
now Bishop
conditions
to
the
situation.
He told
to
prisoners
of
the
be
were
rest
McGeehan,
his
horrible
we had
stripped
the
the
to
paper
prisoners
completely
and
Paddy
the
but
United
We decided
been
mention
in
Napoleonic
freedom.
political
I
another
part
moved
I
and
which
the
and
called.
in
whom
Seán,
father
later
during
their
in
there,
we had
set
and
I
years
denied
brother
in
morning.
places
histories
two
found
we were
the
when
were
Brennan
days
his
His
murdered
R.I.C.
particular
Micheál
the
there
they
dog was
's
and
College
savagely
Dublin,
Drumcondra,
there,
because
Though
transaction,
lay
the
Dan were
R.I.C.
was
who was
Duff in,
Paddy
College,
I
particularly
orother
the
that
met
I
Monastery.
ground
floor
staircase
balconies
portions
had
of
had
been
the
the
41.
prison,
which
provisions
He said
found
the
roof
had
been
particular
as well
visiting
and
that
balconies.
the
in
mounted
McGeehan
strewn
at
the
went
ground
floor
at
cell
a
as
or
centre
far
as
and
he
"Let
them
come
to
their
cell
doors,
hand
he
gave
them
General
and,
although
It
to
one
of
allowed
afterwards
take
Dr.
on himself
on
fire
the
"Austin,
answered:
the
all
and
to
boys
his
raising
left
then
he was
chaplains,
not
prison.
that
the
and
Governor
of
responsibility
told
said;
He
Absolution.
who
Stack,
Austin
did,
debris
the
he
they
later
He was
instructions.
machine-guns
Dr.
Austin
which
prisoners
had
that
were
military
prison.
asked
the
and
be brought
and
nominated
this
military
along
fire".
the
him
then
into
the
the
for
of
informed
and
he could
Dec.)
staircases
MeGeehan
the
learned
was
of
overhead
to
of
The
time
called
doorway
fire".
that
particular
(28th
The whole
floor
on.
Christmas.
morning
Governor
ordered
orders
have
military
that
the
broken
the
be fired
circle
then
appeared
had
prisoners
there
actually
as
of
stock
debris.
ground
The
justices
that
of
on the
the
up during
prison
a mass
deposited
with
stored
the
corridor
the
the
had
they
section,
of
parts
isolated
boys
he visited
that
and
the
the
leaving
rang
not
not
the
military
ordering
up Dublin
fire
to
would
for
Castle
underany
circumstances.
With
out
for
about
1918
McGeehan's
2.30
were being
to
immediately
general
Micheál
Brennan
the
afternoon
by
When we arrived
p.m.
around
note
Belfast
leaving
Dublin,
proceeded
Street
Dr.
Féin
Sin
Harcourt
headquarters
results
which
on a screen
on the
election
flashed
6,
at
Amiens
St.,
were
window
we
then
of
the
found
to
thronged
set
train
St.
and
I
and
get
coming
No.
6,
the
in and
in
42.
where
the
Dick
result
was
Mulcahy
our
immediately
the
there
when
told
crowd,
on Micheál.
full
story,
The
following
which
Micheál
He left
for
about
in
a friend,
Liam
on Sunday
forenoon,
divided
constituted
they
divided
the
three
three
of
Considering
to
favourable
view
unit,
the
Micheál
by headquarters
of
House.
in
some
the
Brennan
in
us
fact
and
was
most
it
would
I
had
us
the
county
could
not
set
agree
of
in
county
agreed
reasonable
be virtually
a
in
out
although
the
that
on the
brigade
many aspects,
Brennan
told
a date
of
and
opinion
of
and
resigned
been
with
preservation
that
our
Brennan
Paddy
appointment
then
already
the
then
have
the
election
proper
conditions
Mulcany
to
and
called
a Division
to
of
home
Argus,
areas,
headquarters
or
the
Mulcahy
Dick
brigade
thing
had
matter
the
Mount
how Comdt.
into
appointed,
the
for
at
of
three
asked
Mulcahy
officers
in
of
Mayor
for
nights
General
Comdt.
Gen.
fixed
into
a Division
provisional
taken
the
way.
succeeded
least
Road,
Brigade:
brigades,
staff.
and
military
Lord
called
them
give
Mansion
and
at
and
able
the
the
particulars
a good
it
The brigades
be
at
a few
brigades
question.
1919,
saw
December,
staff.
thought
Divisional
29th
Clare
country
creation
protest,
we
Casimir
giving
the
into
the
to
a surprisingly
prison,
for
5,
the
a Divisional
while
to
Cahill,
the
in
prevailing
Dublin
a file
produced
formed
addressing
Belfast
in
immediately
the
and
anyway.
We stayed
had
in
window
prisoner,
in
him
He
Jail.
conditions
O'Neill,
almost
peace
and we told
Belfast
December,
Laurence
Belfast
time
of
outside.
crowd
an opened
did
29th
day,
in
a released
as
Alderman
and
them
Brennan,
Dublin,
bringing
to
by the
we arrived
were
out
stepped
huge
little
be
how things
of
story
seen
could
that
and
January,
officers.
we would
as
the
a
action
course
impossible
43.
to
recruit
it
which
efficient
an
was
needed
could
in
various
co-operation
and
was
which
General
the
the
Clare
and preside
which
he accordingly
Workmen's
sure
of
East
and
fixed
Mid
Comdt.
in
General
Clare
East
at
Commandants
Brennan
the
election
were
-
Coolmen
2nd
Bn.
-
Tullycrine,
Killimer
Bn.
4th
5tn
These
Bn.
are
travel
in
were
elections
the
8th
January,
had
been
Frank
the
am not
by
in
been
then
Brigade
Mid
dare.
by Micheál
Brennan,
Battalion
following
area
-
Paddy
Clancy.
-
John
Flanagan.
Cree,
Doonbeg,
- Dan
Canermurphy
Sheedy.
- Kilkee,
Doonaha,
Doonaha
Carrigaholt,
- Eamon Fennell.
are
entirely
may not
reasonably
election
so,
from
be
the
resulted
Christy
McCarthy.
the
memory,
1OO% accurate
names
in
of
the
the
but
- Art
Comdt.
O'Donnell
- Seán Liddy
Vice
Comdt.
- Jack O'Dwyer
Adjutant
- Patrick
Quartermaster
Tubridy.
I
am
Commandants
following
appointments
Brigade
the
The
appointed
Barrett
accompanied
and
I
1919.
appointments
having
at
-
about
Kilrush,
held
-
The
to
January,
- Coore,
Mullagh,
Quilty,
& Ibrickane
Kilmurry
are
exact.
he would
Kilmihill,
& Kilrush
divisions
they
wage.
profitably
elections
& Kildysart
Cooraclare,
particulars
territorial
sure
-
could
warfare,
guerilla
present
Bn.
Bn.
and
who was
1st
3rd
-
Brigade
Clare
Mulcahy,
presided
St.,
date
Micheál
up,
purpose
inter-brigade
the
that
brigade
Brigade
Frances
exact
us
the
did.
Clare
Club,
the
the
of
we
and
by
phases
informed
at
The West
served
be
warfare
only
then
Mulcahy
staff
Divisional
for
44.
The re-organisation
the
during
was
there
few
next
little
across
the
of
Labasheeda
the
cross-channel
from
and
and
to
Labasheeda
available
1919,
to
our
brigade.
in
March
the
and
men through
addressed
as
He also
possible
them
and
in
was
the
A fairly
with
conjunction
O'Malley.
Links
The
Hotel,
of
military
in
the
called
to
arm
this
the
British
Lahinch,
use
of
nature
as
it
to
war
of
His
and
dropped
few.
about
brigades
talk
odd
an
very
to
as
fully
feet'
were
was
and
service.
power.
'cold
were
military
that
the
familiar
as
active
was planned
two
and
them
firearms
for
all
the
exercises
liking
got
and
he arrived
he put
which
themselves
their
the
other
and
coming
We visited
themselves
who
ranks,
was
staff
be accelerated
on,
in
to
about
He informed
make
operation
important
at
if
not
of
area,
to
means
dare
Tullycrine.
would
them
Mid
O'Malley,
conclusion.
Volunteers
Deflections
out.
Golf
the
by every
forceful
me at
reliable
night.
from
Ernie
also
Shannon
were
headquarters
forms
time,
any
and
individual
in
at
exhorted
possible
was
various
as
at
prepared
us
brigade
He asked
expert
was
the
services
or
day
on to
with
the
the
of
pressure.
and
in
them
the
by Volunteers
We had
along
the
the
Limerick
manned
boats,
Companies.
a man from
stayed
the
activities
of
This
companies
west
Kildysart,
passed
that
March,
with
available
hour
any
Word was
connection
Killofin
transport
itself
brigade
outside
of
mobilisation
and
strengthening
and
by means
Shannon
the
within
both
We established
county.
the
undertaken
meetings
except
within
brigades
was
brigade
beyond
activity,
channels
other
the
and
months,
other
of communication
and with
of
time
this
by Ernie
billeted
in
the
learned
that
a
be
45.
fairly
large
there
and
was
it
on
the
attack
On this
Ernie
1919,
We were
them
The
J.
at
Mass
also
to
have
a try
decided
who
lmmediately
Mass
approached
Comdt.
who were
on
one
of
them,
The
other
the
hold
at
I
so happened
taken
in
the
Kilrush.
and
After
They,
men,
at
attack
on
to
this
the
and
to
what
they
were
to
it
the
men in
duel
with
have
any
the
Nolan's,
rifle
taken
and
later
then
police,
myself,
us
14th
April
we were
evidence
the
taken
been
getting
of
the
clash,
part
in
him
assault
six
no part
to
taken,
by
the
or
seven
in
the
at
barracks
removed
the
nearby.
first
up
police
evening
had
the
rounded
closeby.
a
discovered
who had
to
in
front
house
in
off
O'Malley,
to
to
rifle
with
Ernie
Previous
me not
marched
armed
sergeant,
-
do
a nouse
into
cover
The
men -
the
taking
running
that
of
men
the
later
statement
R.I.C.
when
We were
Monday
road
to
house
them.
on the
able
into
and
him,
in
of
Commandant,
succeeded
including
all
Battalion
three
succeeded
a gun
two
disarming
and
the
that
Knockerra.
Knockerra,
at
another
April,
warn
injured.
went
at
quick
directed
and
13th
too
in
or
place
men -
at
all
the
attack
was
bay.
whom was
police.
of
he was
O'Malley
operation
was
and
at
if
to
man who had
engaged
of
as
take
them
The
stored
some reason
R.I.C.
drill
over
primed
the
them
to
to
Sunday,
by the
Flanagan
policeman
revolver,
It
was
police
so that
Ernie
started
already
jumped
armed
mobilised
made
Mass
- were
men were
neither
at
rifles
Flanagan,
and
I were
three
local
back
Palm
that
O'Malley
stuff
not
informed
had
Ernie
and
did
day,
particular
this
For
and
were
ammunition
capture
1919.
off
O'Malley
and
accordingly
April,
called
was
to
were
13th
the
arms
decided
Plans
possible.
hotel
of
quantity
to
Ennis
Limerick
we were
Gaol.
removed
46.
to
Cork
to
two
tried
Gaol,
hard
years'
I
When
expired
and
arrived
at
by
to
in
he
the
certain
met
three
brigade
areas
to
was
attack
when
the
of
were
which
and
at
sight)
create
being
enmity
against
and
his
were
the
uncle
and
A local
behalf
of
the
Dublin
by
General
Cathal
Brugha
and
Mulcany,
since
having
for
in
the
in
the
to
of
for
Staff
now Chief
previous
the
Also,
was
called
Dáil
in
living
on
of
a
campaign
H.Q.
January
first
was
There
Suegeon
with
men
the
A
involved.
Brigade
in
that
all
on an agrarian
who was
the
position
boycotted
Veterinary
the
that
themselves.
intervened
Defence
learned
Commandant.
a popular
I
off,
disciplins
was
carrying
clergyman
publican
Minister
the
espionage
and
police
now happening,
among
Military
was
Captain
on a
arrived.
were
under1nine
of
I
actually
order
distrust
that
previously
rate,
Cooraclare,
no question
Kilrush.
appointed
to
with
Company
any
incidents
Danganelly,
friendly
absolutely
local
At
in
be undertaken
called
no knowledge
countermanding
tending
at
publican
had
over
evening,
forces,
was
was
18th
the
Saturday
to
enemy
I
remained
extent
the
be
I
I
I
examination
on about
Cork
the
not
doctor,
after
on the
the
local
Several
from
(to
some groups
area
released
of
shot
the
by
on
so when
reasons,
operation
contemplated.
Clare
medical
members
by G.H.Q.
attack
had
Brennan
another
were
sentence
Officer
home
me that
military
Gaol
and
Medical
Austin
all
Belfast
examined
hospital
bold
date
believe
for
being
On my way
and
from
sentenced
each.
released
Board
and
my previous
Eve,
prison
Courtmartial
released
after
Cork,
1919.
west
been
was
Prisons
Limerick
and
had
I
the
the
June,
labour
Christmas
previous
sent
by District
Staff,
been
Éireann.
to
47.
We discussed
well
as
this
matter
ourselves,
matters
at
steps
to
that
General
have
Brugha,
to
him
see
he knew
was
being
out
of
a battalion
force
later
I was
in
doing
I
Edmund
at
had
a certain
connection
whole
affair
I was
bitter
of
this
or
two
effective
more
in
fry
the
in
good Volunteer
all
the
details
before
our
Commandants,
hut
risk.
no
Cathal
and
Dublin,
my own
offered
valuable
met
I
St.,
I
more
one
matter
Marlborough
my search.
to
the
so.
with
the
I
drew
the
to
conveyed
in
spot
local
other
in
work
the
a half
We talked
over
certain
up
a set
and
of
him
asking
about
boycott,
publican,
boycotted
road
the
on reaching
matters,
Cooraclare,
Danganelly,
He did
the
the
in
Clare.
a letter
Murphy,
home.
said
any
after
put
take
hatred
the
force
work
smaller
Battalion
the
in
of
back
Coming
home
I
to
a house
he
chance
him.
some of
result
but
services,
the
whom
co-operation
him
sending
forthcoming
at
the
by
take
to
and
was
Volunteer
him
to
explained
Staff
Brigade
and
mine
prominently
he far
our
of
a special
putting
of
He asked
military
prepared
that
course
of
their
way would
wiping
Defence,
appointed
the
dangerous
for
view
the
who was
Brugha
the
for
a brother
shooting
noted
of
this
told
members
out
raising
been
or
People
and
police
In
me that
informed
area.
my brigade
so we accordingly
to
fix
immediate
Minister
particularly
He expressed
the
the
to
home.
his
executing
Government
these
had
for
in
that
referred
he
1908,
back
take
as
he,
to
imperative
me to
got
see me,
at
he
organised
country.
than
in
mainly
British
to
evening
which
back
England,
of
wanted
in
I
when
me then
told
that
interview,
done
was
it
and
Mulcahy
he asked
and
once,
Mulcany
Cathal
that
agreed
these
General
with
having
conditions,
the
mile
to
from
about
his
in
points
gist
meet
of
the
four
in
me
48.
which
all,
Volunteers
ended
agreed
to
discontinue
I
a farmer
when
name
inappropriate
his
and
- was
name
circumstances.
shragh
the
and
under
boycotted
Conor
the
Whelan,
a month
or
now rather
Whelan
-
almost
the
Michael
Whelan
same
was with
Shragh,
affair
whole
case
the
having
"Fenian"
the
instructed
a similar
settled
in
of
I
signed.
boycott
harmoniously.
so later
was
to
he
me on this
occasion.
The
Dublin
in
next
meeting,
all
which
Some time
of
the
on,
which
for
the
I
1st
on
did
for
from
and
by
then
these
part
applause
and
and
upwards
West
Clare
of
devolved
the
more
would
be
to
land
the
appoint
make it
when
I
in
was
that
I
that
make
a
would
finished.
war
asked
the
would
go into
decision
back
There
Fr.
on the
was
enemy.
our
to
the
decision
C.
ourselves
delegates
on them,
the
the
in
created
being
the
said
I
of
among
making
to
spoke
administration
position
effective.
had
I
Commandant.
and
I
Before
Brigade
a court
that
delegates
as
havoc
and
claims
a hundred
was preserved
was
chairman
started
peace
disputes,
at
held
presiding
of
take
to
a meeting
called
constituency.
civil
being
asked
meeting
the
our
was
was
the
my capacity
guaranteed
court
the
business
them
referred
of
Culligan,
I
I
The
secretary
some misunderstanding
and
which
Cree.
at
the
being.
1919,
concerned.
a co-secretary
appointed
Through
time
were
people
executive,
our
question,
agrarian
withdrew
the
at
discussed
of
been
Féin
McDonnell
in
better
had
Kilrush.
house
and
country
conditions
I
November,
regular
ranks
and
Mr.
present
delegates
I
the
Sinn
Charles
the
controlling
sorts
Cunningham's
that
was
Clare
of
McDonnell
another,
the
also
Previously
or
were
difficulty,
West
James
Fr.
big
there
justice
and
I
of
on my
the
considerable
Culligan
then
said
49
"the
nail
general
been
had
court
were
in
College,
Patrick
The
was
held
(my own home)
All
abide
for
all
were
clients
followed,
and
to
continue
the
in
in
West
as well
and
in
for
of
the
claims.
the
five
men comprising
to
called
cover
For
to
as
to
the
this
the
meet
at
Commandant
court
in
the
the
registrar
of
position
Sheedy,
that
too,
as
to
necessary
procedure
to
circumstances
arising
a special
meeting
purpose
court,
Many
as
became
govern
many
were
Brigade
by Dan
it
otherwise,
effect.
may mention,
decision
regulations
out
was
I
and
as
Executive,
Cooraclare.
appeared
decisions
given
to
consenting
legal
my, capacity
Clare
were:
Tubridy.
my duties
this,
Tullycrine,
of
that
say
owing
rules
in order
secretary,
to
it
members
above
Solicitors
many points,
adopted
of
court.
but
came pouring
devise
the
the
documents
sign
and were
succeeded
to
and
cases
to
unable
its
appointed
O'Donnell's,
these
Coolanummeragh,
cases
of
Suffice
cases
secretary
to
had
decision
both
I was
disposed
Ryan.
the
was
cases
V.
in
I
two
Brown
given
and
the
at
McGrath
debated.
was
of
consisting
V.
the
Fr.
Rev.
Killimer,
and
Cree,
circuit
T.D.,
O'Higgins,
(or Killard)
Baltard,
Doonbeg,
Tullagower,
afterwards
concerned
by
first
the
President:
McGrath
people
form
McInerney,
C.,
was
there
be established.
Brian
House,
court
and
and
registrar.
soon
very
to
country.
Co.
or
first
should
Kilmihill,
Clonina
secretary
court
James
Crowley,
Kelly,
first
the
Carrigaholt,
Bartholomew
head"
appointed
C.C.,
Culligan,
on the
the
then
established
Charles
I
that
agreement
The following
struck
together
Moyasta
with
on New Year's
be
the
Day,
50.
I
1920.
but
I
unable
learned
submitted
brigade
one
the
being
cross
the
river
attended
the
of
British
at
the
the
had
been
Carrigaholt
of
who
Volunteer
Army
as
the
local
1916,
had been
supply
1ocal
a number
of
the
I
at
Miss
stayed
was
did
not
fired
to
and was
to
drowned.
by a show
characterised
made
much
Cooraclare,
attempted
was
the
consequences,
of
village
arrest
travel
anybody
far
as
by the
about
as
when
boys
the
had
the
the
Irish
could
whenever
traders,
had
been
refused
their
to
to
licences,
ill-advised.
boycott
I went
before
even
have
jeopardising
the
Éireann
the
through
not
the
men in. the
Carmody,
all
some
Republican
Dáil
Two of
Mr.
without
to
of
and
Republic,
they
believe.
supporters
I.R.A.
men considered
Behan's
extended
say,
and
the
that
police
and
sides.
Behan
of
I
now accepted
Irish
in
place
February
should
different
Molly
took
strongest
I
or,
of
took
disastrous
forces
in
place
Darcy
instituted
the
considering
the
had
affair
1920,
supporters
and
recorded.
were
Volunteers
Miss
good
were
casualties
military
was
police
company
publicans,,
very
in
government
country.
without
Michael
disturbing
the
adopted
in.
movement,
since
and
undertaken,
which
filled
early
A boycott
the
were
Dáil
Justice,
sanctioned
Cooraclare
volleys
and
were
No attempt
A rather
traders
of
funeral,
and
graveyard
drafted
now taking
however,
The
been
for
by some enemy
force.
had
were
Volunteer
funeral.
grave
no
east
meeting
throughout
ambush,
pursued
that
both
skirmishes
men
while
I
main
fortunately
at
of
the
some ambushes
but
One attempt
rules
at
Minister
courts
light
area,
success,
as
in
similar
Many
of
Stack,
and were
other
be present
a set
that
to Austin
Éireann,
for
to
Carrigaholt
51.
and
so did
to
Carrigaholt
local
officers
stage
there
and
I
that
felt
officers
Battalion
told
one
to
attack
the
the
the
furnishing
soon
as
of
but
The
was
that
nor
intentionally
for
the
letter
Dublin
and
met
Gearóid
He was
accompanied
on
the
did so,
I
Brigade
Comdt.
General
Mulcahy,
Diarmuid
anything
was
to
and
Brigade.
be with
that
and
would
I
told
my own men,
delayed
delayed
not
delayed
was
of
who
I
me if
even
be undertaken
there.
and
made up his
mind
stated
I
that
until
only
I would
as
to
he was
and
also
like
to
that
a private,
must
a new
with
interviews
Hegarty
went
sharp
afterwards
Mr.
I
I
General.
office
had
and
time
were
away
in
interview
stated
already
straight
who asked
note
been
remarks
of Staff,
-
Staff
a report
Adjutant
remained
local
the
local
However,
have
occasion.
may have
Lynch,
appointed.
Chief
O'Hegarty,
Dublin
prefer
to
police
a sharp
I
length
Gearóid's
question
resign.
the
by Fionán
with
this
matter
the
it
great
at
that
for
O'Sullivan,
He appeared
whole
report
the
Dublin
unwarranted.
Gearóid.
incisive.
come to
told
sent
that
inevitable,
any
considered
assisting
to
and
the
received
stating
and
report
of
I
General,
possible.
days
side
their
circumstances,
Battalion
-
respectively
the
Some of
the
H.Q.
to
possible
and
of
another
from
went
deal
be dropped.
my action,
and
to
on every
them
I
also
plainly
way
my courtmartial.
Adjutant
heard
inadvisable
efficient
over
G.H.Q.
me and
to
them
boycott
Haier
T.
and
demanded
a few
and
peeved
me to
through
as
boycott
Commandant
Fennell
from
the
even
others,
Having
only
way was
that
and
so,
many
reported
investigate.
was
insisted
E.
was
considered
too,
and
Brennan
The affair
Dublin.
I,
P.
Comdt.
I would
in
with
join
52.
About
in
Dublin
whom was
Clare,
Peadar
was
travelled
as
the
coming
to
Peadar
Peadar
late
at
a boat
to
got
revolvers
on
bike
on the
and
he
route
at
up my bicycle
from
there
I
the
gave
us
following
that
night
to
Foynes
to
travelled
and
the
Con
to
bike
Effernan,
bag
We
ammunition.
drove
in
that
a travelling
Colbert
Cahercon.
cranny,
Limerick
carried
picked
Finucane's
Cranny
I
and
Jim
was
hospital
We walked
and
to
of
I
Mountjoy,
West
the
were
boys
so happened
leaving
as
and
I
home my first
reached
election
of
a Brigade
the
Brigade
Staff
and
Peadar
Seán
Clancy
day.
a pretty
at
was appointed
ranks
brigade
were
and
1920,
It
many
forces
Brigade
the
best
was
and
I
am sure
of
months
and
suggested
exact
the
that
and
intensified,
Officers
Battalion
of
this,
achieving
that
two
together,
picked
bringing
with
Commandant,
back
dropped
of
was
This
in
the
May,
date.
as
Imperative,
of
called.
responsibilities
shoulders.
previously,
be
so I
and
fortunes
now became
means
be brought
the
Vice
Brigade
for
arrange
was
Commandants
he
to
so a meeting
and
Brigadier,
now on other
should
of
and
was
duty
Commandant,
Battalion
presided
Liddy,
the
it
after
the
home place
It
revolvers
the
for
me.
of
hour.
When
to
whose
Ardagh.1
at
my bag
in
We took
Ardagh
and stayed
s
home with
hunger-strike
Glare
Ballysteen,
we got
many
noticeable,
at
in
Colbert's
Dublin
from
a dozen
house
in
Clancy
me.
least
tre
train
Sullivan's
where
miles
about
containing
left
a few
the
was
Peadar
down with
being
I
after
hospitals
amongst
Co.
time
the
indeed
the
was
it
against
campaign
to
to
called
which
men from
them
all
enemy
a conference
accordingly
was
apparent
I
discuss
was
each
Invited.
company
available
53.
for
equipment
an
special
mobile
effective
were
Instructions
two
of
best
the
in
with
the
a full
June.
mobilised,
and
I
and
billeted
to
spot
American
and
shooting
the
and
The
was
an
and
lads
saw
seven
fired
incident
a
four
in
on the
the
of
grounds
full
the
the
many men
on active
going
column
take
charge
possibilities
be
would
and
locality
Liam
them
suitable.
arranged
a returned
Haugh,
man took
ex-army
armed
hot
took
ordered
Ford
W.
on hand
Grove'
at
car
van,
seated
in
random
refuge
it
in
and
the
necessary
to
Thos.
Marinan,
they
Tullycrine
one
the
others
at
open
the
and
disband
the
of
the
went
-
back
One of
van.
of
out
carry
Kilrush,
four
'The Grove'
to
saw what
while
a Ford
men went
from
coming
it
police
a car
They
car
an R.I.C.
of
four
Shannon,
the
was
and
commandeer
halted
at
made
execution
Clancy.
'The
-
rear
been
to
Paddy
and
the
viz.
men were:
called
out
the
immediately
This
before
being
a dozen
about
first
comply
I would
morning.
road
ordinary
a place
to
examining
had
and
O'Donnell
men stepped
round
about
operation,
Kilrush,
order.
at
if
asked
an American
at
thought
matter
When
next
Ennis-Kilrush
Frank
the
defect.
meet
the
about
not
exemption
however,
them, with
did
claiming
only
send
select
practice.
detective
the
of
adopted.
to
As a result,
Liddy
that
establishing
was
selection
intention
all,
A certain
to
set
found
them
a quiet
at
no
Comdt.
I
the
to
date
put
lots.
by drawing
agreed.
each
instead
to
Captain
Company
Captains
company,
physical
imaginary
had
I
the
some actually
some
suggestion
company and
Company
who had
selected
the
each
his
and
of
made
service,
of
Many
a view
on a certain
instructions
invariably
to
Tullycrine
meeting
were
issued
with
and
column
men in
to
equipment,
week
training,
the
them
escaped.
the
column
for
a
54.
few
in
as
days
the
should
immediate
when
be brought
saw the
condemned
on his
escaped
and
re-mobilisation
of
this
when
the
Férn
candidates
At
their
first
chairmen
and
British
Local
Éireann
as
clerks
accounts
a
to
to
British
inspectors
or
some scheme
Brennan
of
was
The
committee
the
Council
and
the
Michael
to
appointed
Assistant
Carey
J.
Peter
- acted
and
documents
the
British
the
funds
of
were
secretary
Council
County
the
Comdt.
Clare
Council
of
the
Micheál
Council.
for
Ballyvaughan,
Council
committee.
the
as
A system,
and
in which
administered
council
funds
by a paymaster,
were
held
was
formed
the
all
scheme
County
to
by
County
a financial
of
L.G.B.,
nearly
and
the
or
confiscation
and
O'Loghlen
Secretary
Dáil
any
by
men,
devise
the
Secretaries
of
of
were
acknowledging
Councils
Chairman
appointed
the
of
of
authority
the
and
all
in
in
that
place
resolutions
seizure
officers
included
then
J.
I.R.A.
made
was
made,
appointed
These
the
postpone
appointments
auditors
against
He
usual
produce
by which
Walsh's
constituencies.
and
to
was
committee
to
took
authority.
not
decided
into
returned
the
Board
lawful
authorities.
composed
been
repudiating
instructed
be pre
preserved
the
had
Government
special
devise
could
committees
only
were
after
meeting
Kilrush,
there.
elections
Council
our
own and
helped
were
men
that
No progress
local
incident
through
O'Hanlon
column.
District
adopted
unanimously
and
and
Council
County
the
activity
the
O'Hanlon
also
This
the
happened
on his
shot
police
that
passing
Haugh,
bicycle.
direction
summer and Sinn
it
He followed
St.
of
considered
detective
police
Moore
in
publichouse
Liam
himself.
job
effects
again,
together
instructor,
do the
was
it
and
military
When the
and
away
musketry
to
was
neighbourhood.
died
had
here
by
trustees
and
all
the
-
55.
details
Dáil
submitted
to
who was
Éireann,
whole
was
Mr.
Michael
J.
I was appointed
following
St.
Crowe,
C.C.,
Parnell
St.,
when
trustees.
All
the
funds
cheques
trustees
in
to
own accounts
nine
in
and
all,
and
Trustee
the
No.
5,
amount
in
immediately
trustees
in
Fr.
M.
Hotel,
were
lodged
demand
to
to
the
Mr.
me as
I
of
amount
were
recorded
and were
made
fortnightly;
to
in
was
specially
the
of
The
notes
lot
the
to
collected
having
amount
with
McParland
of
the
of
them,
prepared
trustees,
the
lodged
almost
small
aggregate,
County
their
and
the
more
money
districts,
got
favour
or
involved
one
upon,
Mr.
the
any one
in
called
lodged
McParland.
cheques
favour
the
paymaster,
and. cleared
bank
lodged
had. been
amounts
collector
who was
other
the
rural
present)
over
McParland,
commitments.
of
the
amongst
Mr.
when
at
paid
applying
of
trustees
a number
substantial
the
with
rate
the
them
collectors
Payments
by
distributed
rate
as
got
St.,
McParland,
from
thirty-two
(as
his
funds
produced,
into
according
was
Railway
Council's
by issuing
or
tally,
and
When
a receipt
given
Rev.
H.
These
the
sent
was
money
O'Kennedy,
O'Connell
Ennis,
certain
and
divided
ratepayers.
the
the
Canon
Daniel
the
favour
turn.
meet
was
warrants
in
their
to
Clan
W.
Cosgrave.
and
O'Byrne,
Park,
M.A.
collected,
who drew
of
J.
Stamer
received
paymaster
funds
Rev.
The
O'Loghlen
by Mr.
scheme
tins
under
Cosgrave.
by P.J.
adopted
Very
Miss
T.
Government
Ennis.
collector
the
was
Ennis,
Ennis,
St.,
their
explained
Patrick
Roslevan,
The
and
trustees
Roughan,
Local
William
under
College;
Patrick
for
Mr.
and
Carey
the
Flannan's
O'Connell
then
paymaster
were
Ennis,
Minister
submitted
scheme
and
the
or
five
other
substantial.
advice
when
notes
ascertained,
who paid
over
56.
the
signed
the
paid
were
in
set
office
Council
or
salaries
well
should
have
of
months,
person
20th
and
sources
one
and
hundred
arrested
I
to
this
"Home"
of
ail
with
if
and
as
officers,
arrear.
and
Payments
also
paid
this,
transfers
making
money
to
had
up duty
took
loose
out
cash
rate
wages,
I
pounds.
my own.
Barracks.
in
I
had
I
This
the
was
at
sum of
collectors
had
some silver
barracks,
(the
in
in
day
one
hundred
and
other
etc.
no money
taken
the
1920,
salaries
much as
as
about
on duty
November,
on my
cash
I
received
from
pounds
actual
in
could
bodies
public
occasions
22nd
I
to
the
became
it
on two
on Monday
by
they
however,,
a few
for
apprehended
on me which
monies
any
work
this
were
I
arrested
paid
as
advance,
County
authorised
and when
thousand
and
claimed
the
had
in
pounds.
Sunday)
thousand
eight
in
quarterly
that
amounting
1920,
Bloody
were
instruction,
other
sums of
Ennis,
Courthouse,
Councils
and
Hospital
quarterly
were
made
R.D.
unions,
of
Despite
thousand
August,
after
have
considerable
twenty-five
were
Secretary,
busy
care
me when
overnight,
payments
meeting.
seize.
for
have
paid
then
items
for
payments
Technical
a number
fairly
not
or
necessary
the
days
Mental
made,
nature
due
would
confiscate
to
were
kept
taking
I
enemy
I
hospitals,
i.e.
been
and
monthly
was
I
Secretary.
with
other
Assistant
Surveyors
each
authority
payments,
and
secretary,
miscellaneous
after
necessary
Regular
Committees,
as pensions,
a
of
to
Agriculture
Assistant
accordance
and
staff
of
Committees
Council's
note.
transfers
Co.
the
Road wor1ers,
fortnightly;
made,
advice
the
of
in
cash
out.
salaries
and
in
money
specified
and
Chairman
the
by
of
me on production
to
money
almost
on me when
only.
a military
which
lorry
the
57.
British
It
military
quartered,
was
into
a home for
inebriates
was converted
but
Board,
at
this
and
time
barracks.
as
there
of
there,
in
cold
and
as no
who was
at
following
usually
find
out
to
this
having
of
for
extras
heard
two
same.
when
one
night,
men being
in
friendly
military
men were
names
were
recall
brought
but
he said
hurt.
The
military
of
incident
he'd
in
the
to
beating
an officer
investigate
on the
it.
at
any
policeman
was
named
on the
I
heard
a good
in
to
to
gave
no
deal
of
the
place
my door,
police
found
out
through
following
day
that
the
district
and
that
their
I
extent
rate
a view
with
I
Feakle
the
he asked
military
Fennessy.
of
and
been
prisoners.
on the
delicacies
outside
the
by
from
and
description
beaten,
course
the
had
almost
policeman
Considine
his
I
beaten
of
charge
but
Meade,
outside
however,
this,
the
Mass
other
numbers
authorities,
all
who were
two
The
accomplishing
came in
some days
and
prisoners
Fr.
friends
system
dietary
and
was
place
celebrated
and
not
flagged
operation.
me that
some food
prison
done.
facilities
in
in
more
had
were
whole
Ennis,
he told
send
the
By evening
a lot
but
day
an cells
lodged
floors
was
in
Adm.
and
on the
names
time
that
in
evidently
they
a
round-up.
cells
The
system
time
Sunday,
not
as
smelling,
Board
as
it
brought
were
prison
particular
this
anxious
usual
heating
were
the
that
by
now using
prisoners
sixty
under
a general
been
many years.
his
at
freezing
were
for
use
were
a gaol.
originally
evacuated
prisoners
have
the
dank
and
been
of
or
fifty
been
military
to
resembling
cheerless
for
the
appeared
had
it
number
A
upwards
I
were
to
cannot
actually
which
they
that
they
were
whose
voice
I
following
no more
heard
in
reported
morning,
about
were
seriously
I
Connolly.
a
it.
the
the
Who said
that
58.
removed
We were
end
of
November
had
just
and
military
bunks
officer,
of
case
or
December
about
armoured
shoot
the
at
of
the
breaking
down
to
Buttevant
reach
night
and
the
to
use
the
the
usual
and I
on the
down.
trying
Cork,
of
Cork,
fourteen
lorries
New Barracks,
the
issued
to
ambush.
the
In
engine
were
cars
road.
the
escort
the
combustion
It
a day
took
halts
to
Cork Jail
arriving
I
was
that
of
at
time,
a
nobody
was
still
fey
after
Cork
while
Sunday's
asked
by a warder
Frank
O'Donnell
attacked
was
way
we were
the
halted
snow
came
collapsed
under
dark
we reached
when
from
such
the
We were
before.
Well,
the
At
There
on the
smouldering
days
if
shield.
and
for
morning.
escort,
repairs
that
was
St.
as
Mallow
It
brought
following
or
for
we halted
where
the
cover
Was a miracle
found
of
that
instructed
circumstances.
I
now for
the
start
between
bombardment
cell.
some days,
the
of
as
intense
after
Limerick
After
Limerick,
early
And Patrick
prisoners".
to
way
internal
a considerable
for
the
"in
them
mils
from
that
road
the
few
prisoners
recall
shoot
from
cleaned
Prior
safely.
of
horses
and
out
told
escort,
order
case
which
outside
up
move,
the
William
installed.
understandable
officer
number
It
in
about
Upper
swept
lined
out
the
of
every
had an
the
start
heard
was
was
a convoy
in
We set
Perfection
it
from
on our
on
so,
prisoners
time,
a staole
ambush,
again
or
again
in
soldier
ambushed
etc.
And
Limerick,
Barracks
were
destination
12th
cars
absence
the
we were
so,
Barracks
as we were
attempted
our
"Home"
place
blankets
however,
not,
a week
to
or
so reached
and
and
addressing
ambush
We were
The
Ennis,
leaving
in
quartered
removed.
been
to our
Ordnance
the
and
Limerick,
St.,
an
to
the
from
and
to
from
a short
time
come to
a friend's
Kilrush
had
had
59.
a recurrence
I
think,
of
stomach
to
taken
when
he
recovered,
time
in
Cork
were
again
right
at
Jail
the
and
of
hours
the
craft
and
ship,
the
floor
walls
six
feet
wide
immediately
over
the
cold
and
next
two and
to
and
endure
all
this
of
hot
tea,
at
last
at
Valera
but
the
lorries
to
on arrival
and
a few
for
to
a rather
you
now"
was done.
the
at
Belfast
Ballykinlar
chattels
to
make
the
hot
-
Co.
Halt
Ballykinlar
soon
"What
we were
Camp,
shipyard
de
thrown
away
Station,
marched
about
a bucket
will
were
brought
Down Railway
little
and
Orangemen
Some missiles
We were
and
of
was not
and we arrived
rounds,
reception
etc.
and
we had
a
for
very
biscuits
or
was
which
We got
hard
air
days
once
sick,
very
a crowd
where
Belfast,
us
got
very
a half
on deck
brought
lads
The
housed
five
only
keel.
we
up against
right
being
circumstances.
time,
gave
do
the
insufficient
no harm
goods
of
under
surprising
the
We were
Many
workers
for
this.
breather.
food
the
when
most,
We were
were
iron
a short
but
at
a boat.
on board
He was,
afterwards,
We were
the
foul
of
ill.
very
interned
a few
evening,
put
bottom
was
Island.
Spike
that
moved
and
hospital
at
and was
trouble
with
three
in
and
our
miles
and
60.
and I
I was glad when we arrived
must say that
"dead beat"
was practically
We were,
Limerick.
such a tough journey
after
outside the camp, and when I finally
building
Hut 16, I needed no rocking.
at Ballykinlar,
got to Camp 2,
prisoners
and Camp 2. was being filled.
with
about ten huts in each line,
When our batch
Four lines
were lodged
boys,
on that
there
December day in 1920 it was about half-full,
or so of our party
in Hut 16 with
We got on well
a crowd of Dublin
and the
The hut leader
neighbouring
streets.
was a Dublin
man named Joseph Murtagh and he was also
A meeting
Captain.
of ex-officers
A Camp Council
email
together.
or officers
Army was announced and the meeting
was formed and was allotted
in the dining
as its
of the camp commandant - who was Patrick
Maynooth,
four
the genera
Dr.
meeting mentioned
Tom 0'Higgins,
Fitzpatrick
Joe McGrath,
who was really
and other
Colgan from
ex-officers
above
It
also
appointed
Thomas F.
Donegan of Cork,
to avoid being
he having
the part
in many major engagements around his native
county,
identity
and a few others.
house for
Many steps were taken
the running
as easy as possible
in this
of the camp internally,
for
the many interned
at
included
Barney O'Driscoll,
Maurice
little
he
myself
parliament
and to make things
there.
a
The Council
charged for
exchanged his
played
captains,
hall.
meeting place
"Black Hut".
consisted
line
"line"
of the Volunteer
took place
hut in the compound known as the
cold mid-
and about a dozen
of whom came from Queen Street
the majority
dining
comprised the camp.
office,
arrived
of prisoners
of huts,
the usual cookhouses,
and parcel's
canteen
stores,
halls,
with
been filled
had already
from
hours in
kept some two or three
however,
a
Camp I,
as I
there,
6l.
of the first
One
of
dictapijiones
that
things
or microphones in many of the huts near the stove
would be usually
where the men, when in the huts,
About three
talking.
of the black
or four were installed
and a close
watch was kept
and
sitting
in the timber
lining
on being
They were removed anmdiately
hut.
discovered,
was the instailation
was noticed
them afterwards
for
up to
the time the camp was broken up on the 7th December, 1921.
camp housed many who played
the country
part
Patrick
O’Higgins,
Hogan, (one tine
A number of
Agriculture).
in the government of
such as Seán I.emass, Sean 0’ Grady, Joseph
afterwards,
Dr.
YcGrath,
a prominent
The
Minister
were formed,
in various
subjects
sub-crittees
were established.
being rite
to issue
Diplomas at the close
those who passed examination
tests
Arrangements
of certain
f or
and classes
were actually
courses to
when the camp was finally
dissolved.
Soon after
at Ballykinlar,
arriving
I got a severe attack
of chest t ouble and was removed to hospital,
equioped 1, te which had, howpver,
Being a susnected
comfortabj.
time,
durjg
Seamus
Hoe
strength
state
he was very
and
period
lour
az4t
He survived
ill.
in hospital;
was released
of
after
One evening
type.
the crisis
some
from
and
he never seemed to build
up any
some months in a very delicate
He did not last
the Rising
the seritrie
case I was kept here for
of the internees
were treated.
many
from Bray was brought in at Christmas suffering
herlth.
was a very fine
after
T.B.
and were fairly
beds,
which tine
pneumonia,
spent a
spring
some very crudely
very long after
I had met him previously
release.
He
in Frongoch
in 1916.
around Christmas
at the hospital
or early
January 1921,
i4de of the camp fired
into
one of
a croi
62.
of prisoners
who were walking
two camps.
The bullet
him,
and struck
on the roadway situated
went through
another
is doubtful
if
as far
the
"strike"
authorities
British
as I know, ever resulted.
continued
took place
by Joe McGrath,
a certain
anything
may happen at any time.
A playing
feeling
pitch
of tension
was staked
of the playing
pitch,
the line
and I'm sure that
huts,
stars
inter-county
to camp No. 1,
continued
Previous
matches took place
in the Gaelic
and he
on in the same
made one expect
that
out in an adjoining
matches were played.
championship
at all.
In the course of a
and matters
way with
It
and many differences
our camp commandant was shifted
was replaced
was found.
and they came from
over took place
any investigation
The humdrum of camp life
with
post and then
promised the usual
authorities
but nothing,
investigai1ion
the
severing
a hut door where it
names were Tormey and Sloan,
The British
Westmeath.
near
killing
chest,
half
a paling
through
iron
lodged in the corrugated
Those prisoners'
in the neck,
prisoner
head from the body, went next
a prisoner's
between the
that
and
field,
to the acquisition
inside
the camp between
many, who were afterwards
world,
took part
here in these
games.
The will
internees
to be free
and, with this
made to get
from Hut 2.
room of this
was ever dominant in the minds of the
end always in view,
out of the camp.
A trap-door
was very
worth recording
clever]y
hut and the making of a tunnel
was in an extreme position
barricades,
One effort
in the camp just
and almost under the sentry
many attempts
box.
were
was made
cut out in the wash-up
was commenced.
inside
Hut 2.
the barbed wire
63.
The tunnelling
sand - it
was an
sandy sides
with
lined
for
over the camp.
all
places
and top of the tunnel
shelter
and the
out and
To prevent
it
the
had to be
The passage had been made
bed-boards.
mostly
boards,
from subsiding
more than a hundred yards to a point
afford
- was taken
ground of a sandy nature
of in various
disposed
on almost day and night
was carried
under a fence which would
when the Truce was announced on 11th
from view,
1921.
July,
involve
breaking
sent to G.H.Q.
the conditions
of the Truce,
a communication was
Before
had been
for
instructions.
such a thing
against
the discovery
rendered
to recall
way
the
tunnel
Needless
was discovered
to say,
and others.
attempts
all
T.Ds.
of the tunnel
camp commandant.
(Maurice
and
In
of all
was
were made, and another
lorry
went down through
undermined it.
who were interned
amongst whom was our commandant, Joe McGrath,
"Thomas Fitzpatrick"
electric
a long cord or rope.
the discovery
where the tunnel
When the Truce was declared
when the soldiers
in and then disposed
when a heavy military
the roadway at the point
The
on the bottom of the tunnel
was brought
but other
disappointment,
released.
There was just
was equipped with
in and out with
sand excavated
over the camp.
a great
deep around the camp, which
inevitable.
the place
were laid
a wooden bogey was pulled
this
the camp authorities
however, were lighting
that
would
and as a precaution
some men who were at work In the tunnel.
Wooden rails
light.
feet
of the tunnel
some shouting
in,
from the Curragh,
over four
they were using,
candles
juncture
any reply
happening at Ballykinlar
dug a trench
immediately
broke
to escape at this
an escape took place
received,
time
any attempt
that
Fearing
were
Paddy Hogan
Donegan) now became
64.
When ex-Commandant P. Colgan came to hospital
Commandant Fitzoatrick
themselves
were arrested
sentenced
they relaxed
secure,
by British
at that
military
to a term of imprisonment
when the general
expired
as British
disguised
the gate one evening and had reached
walked out
thinking
and himself,
release
in our camp,
Gormanstown when,
from all
and
vigilance
They were
point.
in Belfast
took place
tommies,
Jail
which had not
in Dublin
on 8th
December, 1921.
walton of Dublin
Martin
Ballykinlar
It
March.
was very popular.
composed a march which was called
was often
the
played by the camp orchestra
Peadar Kearney wrote
words for
special
and
this
march.
On one occasion
their
and locked
huts,
about ten or twelve
were prying
eyes.
set in front
immediately
we were all
and behind which one could almost
officer
sat under this
of him and some papers.
became wise to the fact
without
As already
sandy area,
any results
feel
window with
The prisoners
as far
that
a
were
many ways
and it
Everybody
was just
an identification
were concerned,
to our huts as usual.
Camp was situated
Ballykinlar
to deal with,
field.
as the British
and the dusty and dry nature
in
this
was over we returned
mentioned,
matter
the internees
taken to a point
from the window of an empty hut which had
A military
and when the whole thing
difficult
eight
We were then marched to the playing
order?"
to
were ordered
him and each was asked "Have you got your interment
facing
parade,
feet
internees
and many wondered what was going to happen.
over with whiting
been painted
halted
in,
the Truce all
in batches of
Then, hut by hut,
table
before
of this
in a purely
sand made it
a
was a menace to the health
The slightest
breeze
sent it
into
of
65.
hole and corner
every
and it
covered clothes,
many cases internees
were being treated
as conjunctivitis.
While,
considerable
as a result
of it,
and the deaths
were there
prisoners
Matters
relaxed
cases of illness
in the camp during
or sickness
the Truce,
somewhat after
an incident
on parole
well-known
happened which resulted
of Camp I,
Barry
of his
waving his
and a few others
Paddy Lynch,
verdict
two or three
stayed with
Engineer,
others
took
the escape and re-arrest
the inquest,
were just
adjutant
Co. Kerry,
in
authorities.
routine
McGrath's
who resigned,
period,
during
Newcastle,
a
the
I
James Quigley,
viz.
Cremin both Claremen.
of "Thomas
Camp Commandant, Tom Treacy of Kilkenny,
on matters
by
of Tadhg Barry,
at the inquest
place. At the Donard Hotel,
and Micheál
An
and the usual white-washing
selected
connected with
Con O'Halloran
After
or box
had been released.
the Military
I was present
the others,
days it
Tadhg
As I had to remain over at the camp for
was returned.
few hours after
bucket
the relatives
for
appeared
well
The Jury was, of course,
the
outside
E. Wood, who were instructed
Newry, appeared for
and others
of a
shot dead by the sentry.
the prisoners
James Geoghegan, Albert
and Mr. Babington
released
in the shooting
on an upturned
in the camp after
Mr. King, Solicitor,
were being
waved them good-bye.
hand when he was immediately
was held
up and take
and as they were passing
was supposed to have been standing
inquest
"sit
Some of the men who were going out
Corkman, Tadhg Barry.
were friends
on parole
the time the
but
On one occasion when a few prisoners
notice".
were recorded
was but one or two.
changed, and we were made to
sometimes suddenly
wire
from disease
such
eye complaints
was the cause of
it
however,
no serious
discomfort,
for
and in
foodstuffs
F. Fitzpatrick",
took command, and from that
I had been appointed
replacing
and I was still
as camp
Fred Crowley,
adjutant
Rathmore,
when Tom Treacy
66.
took
Rumours and counter
over.
at tines
of a breakdown in negotiations
on the morning of
All
general
evacuation.
ordered
to be stored
of the
in certain
At dawn the evacuation
the railway
for
the first
destruction
over all
arranged
that
and later
took the train
Tullymurry,
Officers,
Officers
would pick
Father
and after
huts,
found nothing
fixed
for
Victoria
of camp
and myself
were
We
evacuation.
for
Station
out for
arrived
with
the
a car and
We had tea at the Presbytery,
where we stayed
Newcastle
at the Donard
on the morning of the 9th December to
to Ballykinlar
worth talking
Barracks,
Camp.
about,
We inspected
and another
all
the
meeting was
went back to the Donard Hotel,
the subsequent days attended
I arranged
with
Frank O'Duffy
up by British
some days after.
Belfast,
and during
and that
claims
the purpose of
about to set
In the meantime, Duffy and myself
High Street
for
some time we were picked
and brought
of men left
us up at Tullymurry
McLister,
to Downpatrick.
We went by train
Hotel.
months.
batch
than wear and tear
other
We were just
day.
he gave us a lift
in twelve
day on the 8th December and in the evening
that
when our Chaplain,
station
night
the
of compensation
of the camp after
the officers
on the following
time
commandant of camp I.
of inspection
remained
a
was
that
freedom within
and batch after
asked to wait and meet some British
making a tour
and all
huts,
There was talk
and Frank 0'Duffy,
property,
began for
beds, bedding etc.
was absolute
began,
station.
by the British
the news of the
day preparations
specified
and men of both camps mixed for
for
However,
between the two compounds was thrown open
The gate barrier
wires.
that
camp property,
December there
7th/8th
went the rounds.
7th December, 1921,
the
swept the camp and later
Treaty
rumours of peace sometimes and
the Tadhg Barry inquest.
to meet him at the Albert
we both could go to Victoria
Hotel
Barracks.
in
He,
67.
some Belfast
visited
with
stayed
up and I
did not turn
however,
did not attend
Road for
to see "Wee" John Doran at Loughinisland
I then set out for
and a native
I shouldn't
Perhaps
close
we needed a typewriter
a friend
duplicating
being
A camp strike
were held
parcels
was finished,
examined in the
which contained
labelled
decided
all
"Parcels
Office",
The censor,
to smell
it
Farrer,
realised
No trace
Captain
long after
the whiskey.
Our journal,
was caricaturist
excellent
night
some days.
in and were
by the appearance
for
it
smelled
like
confiscation,
the censor,
I told
and the editor
helped
About fifty
whiskey,
and
However,
Captain
the whole box had disappeared.
losing
the bottle
search.
of whiskey because,
of the camp, he asked me what became of
him truthfully
"Na Bac Leis"
contributors
at intervals.
regretted
Of course,
titled
particular
box was found in the course of a hasty
evidently
on the last
at this
glance at the box.
and before
what was happening
of the missing
Farrer
an occasional
and
were taken
and found that
box too,
and
intrigued
work, giving
wanted that
Corona Typewriter
paper and a bottle
continued
people
Through
and among them was a tea-chest
duplicator,
oil".
our paper.
the camp for
the whole box to be put aside
other
We concluded that
was in progress
the parcels
to the
referring
a supply of stencils
so he ordered
his
without
to circulate
up outside
the typewriter,
"lubricating
of the oil,
of Loughinisland.
in the camp.
with
Roneo Duplicator,
When the strike
with whom I spent a night.
statement
and duplicator
paper.
and all
a few days and then went
I was able to get a portable
in Dublin
a second-hand
time
this
which we had in circulation
journal
where I
accompanied by "Wee" John and Jimmy
Dublin,
a solicitor,
Fitzpatrick,
I
on my own.
and came back to Downpatrick
friends
Smith at Circular
Willie
there
that
appeared regularly.
the boys drank it.
Hugo McNeil
was Joseph Senan Considine.
and a five
Many
or six page paper was produced
copie1s were sold to subscribers
and the
68.
money went to the camp fund.
survived.
but I think
that
detail
my own experiences.
It
about some particular
instance
my power I shall
may happen that
Date:
Art
14th
14th
Griffin
Griffin
in a general
information
here,
If
that
ODonnell
O'Donnell
December,
way
such is within
any matter
December
of
may be required
I have knowledge of.
Art
D.
given
not recorded
with certainty
should have been
have covered the story
and I have just
Signed:
D.
that
be only too glad to go into
state
conscientiously
incidents
many writers
the camp in minute
Witness:
paper may have
I have one copy myself.
There may have been other
recorded,
of this
Sons copies
1955
1955.
I can