Legal Aid Society - Legal

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072049t-covers:LAS AR 07 Final Covers 11/5
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The Legal Aid Society
2007 Annual Report
THE LEGAL AID SOCIETY
199 Water Street, New York, NY 10038
Phone: 212-577-3300 Fax: 212-509-8432 www.legal-aid.org
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The Legal Aid Society employees who make a difference in people’s lives everyday.
Legal Aid Society Employees as of 10/9/07 Richard Abraham,Hassan Adan, Samantha Adomaitis, David Affler, Shailly Agnihotri, Gregory Ajose, Amy Albert, Natalie Albert, Todd
Albert, Elisa Albo, George Albro, Esperanza Alcarese, Michael Alcarese, Myra Alcarese, Melissa Alejandro, Rita Alejandro, Anju Alexander, Gary Alexion, Ronald Alfano, Marianne
Allegro, Zoe Allen, Juan Alonzo, Yakub Aminov, Ayisha Amjad, Carlos Anazagasty ,Mary Anderson, Sharon Anderson, Tareek Anderson, Melinda Andra, Alison Andruszkewicz,
Megan Annitto, Jojo Annobil, Carmine Annunziato, Bahar Ansari, Sylvia Anserian, Kenneth Ansley, Sonia Antonetti, Jose Aponte, Solmerina Aponte, Ruth Appadoo-Johnson,
Rigodis Appling, Noha Arafa, Andrea Armstrong, William Artus, Ann Ascher, Daniel Ashworth, Afua Atta-Mensah, John Audain, Edward Auffant, Lynda Augente, Germaine
Auguste, Schency Augustin, Garrett Austin, Elenor Austrie, Nicole Avery, Amy Avila, Alan Axelrod, Jose Ayala, Maria Ayora, Carly Baetz-Stangel, Susan Bahn, Sharon Bailey,
Tejinder Bains, Allison Baker, Caleb Baker, Japheth Baker, Buffy Baldridge, Michael Baldwin,Vanda Ballard, Steven Banks,William Banks, Erin Bannister, Priscilla Barbot, Jeanne
Barenholtz, Chennette Barreto, Eric Barreto, Elizabeth Barroso, Richard Barton, Jessica Bash, Patricia Bath, Howard Baum, Jennifer Baum, Lizzie-Anne Beal, Sakeena Beaulieu,
Marka Belinfanti, Lara Belkin, Jerilyn Bell, Christine Bella,Valerie Bell-Bey, Franklin Belle, Jessica Bellinder, Bernard Bellinger, Ruthlyn Belnavis, Joshua Benjamin, Fredric Bennett,
Stephen Bennett, Timothy Bennett, Michelle Benoit, Marisa Benton, Allison Berger, Juan Beritan, Steven Berko, Jeffrey Berman, Jerrold Berman, Matthew Berman, Simone
Berman-Rossi, James Bernal, Jamie Bernstein, Lillian Berrios, Joyce Betances, Robert Bickel, Charles Billups,Tracey Bing-Hampson, Barbara Blake, Charles Blakeley, Faith Bland,
Evanjeline Blue, Richard Blum, Joshua Blumenfeld, Jane Sujen Bock, Sarah Bodack, Marlen Bodden, Silvana Boggia,William Boggs, Anna Boksenbaum,Thomas Bomba, Sharon
Bomzer, Bonnie Bonica, David Boone, Robert Bornstein, John Boston, Heidi Bota, Evelyn Bovell, Norah Bowler, Laura Boyd, Precious Boyd, Katherine Bradley, Adrienne Branch,
Joni Brandon, Jenny Braun Friedman, Carol Braund, Edward Braunstein, Bonnie Brennan, Kathleen Brennan, Suroujlal Bridgelal, Kamber Brisbane, Mitchell Briskey, Christine
Brito, Dolores Britt, Kissa Broadie, Katherine Brodsky, Leslie Brody, Nicole Bromberg, J. Lorch Brooks, James Brown, Kenya Brown, Violet Brown, Gretchen Brownscheidle, Ilissa
Brownstein, Kristin Bruan, Aishah Bruno, Courtney Bryan, Marjorie Bryson, Rosemary Buckmon, Robert Budner, Desiree Buenzle, Roulston Bumbury,Vanessa Burdick, Benjamin
Burger, Regina Burgio, Carmen Burgos, Jennifer Burkavage,Thomas Burrows, Katherine Burton, Helene Busby, Susan Butani, Jane Byrialsen, Barbara Byrne, Edmund Byrnes, Luis
Caballero, Pedro Caban, Harry Cadet, Heidi Cain, Kristen Calabrese, Elisabeth Calcaterra, Yolande Calder, Reinaldo Calderon, Anne Callagy, Glenda Callender, Irma Camacho,
Sonia Cancel-Ortiz, Alan Canner, Eneida Carbonell, Matthew Caretto, Helena Carmona, William Carney, Bruce Carpenter, Carol Carter, Connie Carter, Veronica Carullo, Bernette
Carway-Spruiell, Olivia Cassin, Iris Castellanos,Victor Castelli, Molly Catchen, Alexa Cato, Nancy Cavaluzzi, Naomi Cavanaugh, Keith Cavet, Ana Cecilio, Ferdinand Cesarano, Cara
Chambers, Lorna Chan, Peter Chapman, Juan Charbonier, Richard Charney, Jonathan Chasan, Susan Chase, Abida Chaudhry, Steven Chavez, Jonathan Chazen, Catherine Chen,
Charlie Cheng,Wai-Hong Cheng,Vanessa Cherena, Jenny Cheung, Rebecca Chevalier,Toe-Fun Chia, Maria Chiu, Nora Christenson, James Chubinsky, Javier Chuck, Erica Cioffero,
David Clarke, Lance Clarke, James Clayton,Thomas Cleary,William Cleary, Susan Clement,Vilma Clerge, John Clinkscale, Bryan Coakley, Antonia Codling, Dana Cohen, Emily Cohen,
Matthew Cohen, Jennifer Cohn, Patricia Colella, Kevin Coleman, Alexis Collentine, Charles Collier,Tara Collins, Esperanza Colon, George Colon, Jiovani Colon, Maria Colon, Joann
Colon-Cimino, Cynthia Colt, Johari Commodore, Elaine Conklin, David Conn, Megan Conroy, Claudia Conway, Emma Cooper-Serber, Jordan Copeland, Virginia Cora-Gabriel,
Shelley Correy, Antoinette Costanzo,William Cotto, Joyce Couvares, Stephen Coyne, Protasio Crawford, Daniela Crespo, Brian Crow, David Crow, Miguel Cruz,Victor Cruz, Juanita
Cruz-Cataquet, Meghan Cuomo, Seth Curkin, Thomas Curtis, Elizabeth Daily, Selene D'Alessio, Olayinka Dan-Salami, Dawn Dapelo, Erin Darcy, Jacques David, Ellen Davidson,
Terence Davidson, Edgar Davila, Nora Davila, Patricia Davis, Genitha Davis-Wint, Lauren De Bellis,Teresa De Fonso, Francesca De Graff, Francisco De Jesus, Jason De Jesus, Nelson
De Jesus, Barbara Deadwyler, Jacqueline Deane, Warren Deans, Deborah Dearth, Natalie Deduke, Gerard Deenihan, Lina Del Plato, Carmen Del Valle, Christine Delince, Jeffrey
Dellheim, Christine Dell'isloa-Ruggiero, Lonette Dennard, George Depountis, Robert Desir, Sidney Desjardin, Emily Di Biase, Angela Di Corleto, Richard Di Marco, Hilda Diaz,
Laurel Dick, Joannah Dickinson, Ellen Dille, Ellen Dinerstein, Vernon Dixon, Lucretia Dobson, Rachel Dole, Natalya Dolub, Michelle Domena, Madeline Domenech, Denise
Dominguez, Lisa Donchak, Lauren Donnelly, Amy Donner-Schwartz, Francis Donovan, Melodie Donovan, Nicole D'Orazio, Cassandra Dorvil, Alyse Dosik, Kisha Douglas, Erin
Dow, Felicia Drewery, Karen Dubin-McKnight, Dionne Dublin, Shavonn DuBois, Jacqueline Duboulay, John Duffy, Monica Dula, Laura Duran, Bernard Durham, Lyndsey Dussling,
Suvra Dutta, Jacek Dziembaj, Le Shawn Earl, Cecilio Eastman,Victoria Eby, Susan Edelstein, Mira Edmonds, Alanda Edwards, Lisa Edwards, Marcia Egger, Felicia Ehrlich, Andrew
Eibel, Nancy Eibel, Julius Eingoren, Kerry Elgarten, Anthony Elitcher, Claudia Emanuel, Uchenna Emeagwali,Theresa Emeterio, Jeanne Emhoff, Elizabeth Emmons, James Ende,
Kathleen Engst, Susan Epstein, Lindsay Ernst, Jana Ertrachter, Lourdes Escobar, Nidia Espaillat,Theresa Esposito, Belinda Etienne, Jonathan Ettinger, Dwan Ewell, Denise Fabiano,
Stephen Falla-Riff, Allen Fallek, Karen Faraguna, Allen Farbman, Anthony Farley, Lisa Farray,Trelinda Farrer, Briana Fedele, Carol Fegan, Michelle Fegan, Martin Feinman, Louise
Feld, Danielle Feman, Harold Ferguson, Israel Fermin, Beatriz Fernandez, Sheilah Fernandez, Aida Ferrer Leisenring, Ana , aria Ferrin, Craig Fielding, Leanne Fields, Edna Figueroa,
Lillian Figueroa, Japel Filiaci, Andrew Fine, Oscar Finkel, Kenneth Finkelman, Cheryl Fisher, David Fisher, Katherine Fitzer, Katherine Fleet, Golda Fleischman, Vera Fletcher,
Monique Fleury-, rown, Elisa Flight, Husein Flight, Diana Flores, Gladys Flores, Josephine Flores, Richard Flores,Yvonne Floyd-Mayers, Megan Foley, Danielle Follett, Edna Fonfrias,
Jacqueline Ford, Janet Forrester, Kimberly Forte, Allan Fox, Michelle Fox, Norma Frade, Robin Frankel, Melinda Fraser, Angel Frau, Demetra Frazier, Dale Frederick, Gregory Freed,
Lisa Freedman, Lisa Freeman, Diego Freire, Helen Frieder, Oda Friedheim, Alan Friedman, Bruce Friedman, David Friedman, David Fritz, Julie Fry, Mark Futral, George Gabriel,
Victoria Gagliano, Frances Gallagher, Caitlin Galliker, Erin Galvin, Alyssa Gamliel, Adrienne Gantt, Margaret Garber-Steinberg, Belkys Garcia, Harinda Garcia, Laureen Garcia, Maria
Garcia, Omar Garcia, Jonathan Garelick, Elizabeth Garrett, Margaret Garrett, Christine Gau, Giana Gaudelli, Sekeena Gavagan, Cedric Gayle, Nada Geha, Gail Geltman, Ulex
George, Diego Gerardi, Logan Germick, Samuel Getz, Christina Giardino, Francis Gibbons, William Gibney, Susan Gibson-, 'Gara, Patricia Gil, Sarah Gillman, Nancy Ginsburg,
Ernest Giordani, Monica Givens, Andrea Glenn, Charles Glover, Melissa Gluck, Steven Godeski, John Godfrey, Keisha Godfrey, Clara Goetz, Bonnie Goldburg, Steven Golden,
Joshua Goldfein, Judith Goldiner, Ira Goldner, Matthew Goldsmith, Cathy Goldstein, Jessica Goldthwaite, Chandra Gomes, Gregory Gomez, Aurea Gonzalez, Eva Gonzalez,
Gretchen Gonzalez, Maria Gonzalez, Rolando Gonzalez, Alan Gordon, Andrea Gordon, Carlie Gordon, Ramona Gordon, Martin Gorfinkel,Theresa Gorski, Maxwell Gould,Vincent
Graci, Holly Graham, Herbert Grant, James Graves, Donald Gray, Katiuscia Gray, Burt Grayman, Marshall Green, Michelle Green, Daniel Greenbaum, Gary Greenberg, Ivan GreerCarty, Pamela Griffith, Seth Gross, Gerald Grossman, Marla Grossman, Adam Grumbach, Carolina Guacci, Nidia Guadalupe, Jamie Guggenheim, Kristi Guigliano-Breloff, Laurence
Gurwitch, Karen Gutheil, Laura Guthrie, Donna Haase, Cynthia Hackett, Joshua Hadas, Jason Hadley, Sameera Hafiz, Michael Hahn, Justin Haines, William Hair, Adrienne Hale,
Reginald Haley, Coleen Hall, Marlene Halpern, Karen Hamberlin, Karen Hambrick, Junior Hamilton, Monique Harding, Robert Harold, Elon Harpaz, Juanita Harris, Judith Harris,
Peter Hart, Jo-Ann Hassan, Adam Hassuk, Michele Hauser, Amy Hausknecht, Lawrence Hausman, Matthew Hawkins, Wanjuri Hawkins, Elizabeth Hay, Zandra Haywood, Lauren
Headley, Mattie Heath, John Hecht, Robert Heilbrun, Lester Helfman, Donna Henken, Alba Hernandez, Ariel Hernandez, Luis Hernandez, Luz Hernandez, Manuela Hernandez,
Olga Hernandez, Lucy Herschel, Adam Heyman, Elizabeth Hibbard, Sarah Hibbert, Peggy Hickman, Michael Higgins, Eric Hildebrand, Deborah Hill, Joanna Hinkley, John Hirsch,
Karen Hirsch, Barbara Ho, Yvonne Hobbs, Carol Hochberg, Beth Hofmeister, Adriene Holder, Bridgett Holloman, Mark Holloman, Jacqueline Holmes, Linda Holmes, Amy Hong,
Evalina Hooks, Arthur Hopkirk, Davim Horowitz, Gwyneth Horton, Rita Horvath, Susan Horwitz, Diarmuid Houston, Samuel Howell, Suzanne Hoyes, Daniel Hsiung, Yvonne
Huaringa, Dorothy Hubbard, Kate Huber, Clinton Hughes, Adira Hulkower, Ronald Hurrey, Michael Hurson, Brian Hutchinson, Andrea Ibrahim, Carolyn Im, Andrew Inella, Natasha
Ingram, Charles Ippolito, Blondell Irick, Yolanda Irizarry, Celia Irvine, Svetlana Isakov, Sigmund Israel, Kenneth Ives, Rebecca Ivry, Richard Jack, Barrett Jackson, Lois Jackson,
Rosemarie Jackson, Shirley Jackson, Sophie Jacobi, Michelle Jacobs, Robert Jacovetti, Lynda Jahn, Seymour James, Tanika James, Patricia Jeffery, Kam , ing Jim, Sunny Jo,
Antoinette Johnson, Carolyn Johnson, Clyde Johnson, Duane Johnson, Jamal Johnson, Kendea Johnson, Kevin Johnson, Nadine Johnson, Thomas Johnson, Travis Johnson,
Gregory Johnston, Jessica Jones, Lasalle Jones, Peter Jones, Willie Jones, Allison Jordan, Richard Joselson, Gina Joseph, Seema Joshi, Maria Joza, Shannon Kahle, Alan Kahn,
Karen Kalikow, Anna Kalliagas, Carolyn Kalos, Tracy Kaminetsky, James Kampil, Melissa Kanas, Rosy Kandathil, Sandeep Kandhari, Emily Kane, Benjamin Kanstroom, Brian
Kanzaki, Emily Kaplan, Melissa Kaplan, Stephanie Kaplan, David Kapner, Robin Karasyk, Thalia Karny, Sheryl Karp, Judith Karpatkin, Andrew Katz, Martin Katz, Mitchell Katz,
Rebecca Kavanagh, Kathleen Kelleher, Brian Kelly,Tina Kemp-Bland, Melvin Kenny, Andrea Kenoff, Carl Kent, Sarah Kerr, Eve Kessler, Cynthia Keyser-Posner, Saleem Khan, Afsane
Khot, Mary Hye Kyung Kim, Mihea Kim, Emily Kimball, Evadne Kinear, Karen Kipnes, Doreen Kirwan, Emily Kitay,Thomas Klein, Steven Kliman, Helen Kloogman, Robert Knightly,
Lisa Koinig,Teresa Kominos, Bridget Kong, Coreen Kopper, Joyce Korn, Svetlana Kornfeind, Daniella Korotzer, Estajo Koslow, Susan Kriete, Nanette Kripke, David Kulick, Rebecca
Kurti, Candace Kurtz, Cynthia La Caprucia, Diane La Gamma, Jack Lachman, Michele Lam, Stacy Lam, Brian Lamb, Christopher Lamb, Lori Landowne, Peter Lane, Josette Lang,
Patrick Langhenry, Kevin Lapp, Julie Last, Leigh Latimer, Julia Lau, Ellen Lauter, Patricia Lavelle, Joseph Lavine, Lisa Lavitt, Simone Lawson, Valerie Le Brew, Joann Le Bright, Carl
Leacock, Amber Leaders, Felicia Leak, Robyn Lear, Alan Lebenbaum, Hamilton Lee, Hwan-Hui Lee, Jeff Lee,Young Lee, Benjamin Leftin, Joanne Legano-, oss, Andrew Lehrer, Nykia
Leigh, Sabieta Lekhraj, Janet Lemaire, Marty Lentz, Adrian Lesher, William Lesman, Michael Letwin, Clifford Levin, Steven Levine, Robin Levinson-Zalewski, Renee Leviton, Jane
Levitt, Eric Levy, Ezra Levy, Kristin Lew, Allison Lewis, Donna Lewis, Dorothy Lewis, Jasmin Lewis, Jennifer Lewis, Michael Lewis, Amy Licht, Laura Lieberman-Cohen, Susan Light,
Vicki Light, Justin Lim, Beile Lindner, Lawrence Linzer, Erin Liotta, Alan Lippel, Susan Litt, Nancy Little, Paul Liu, Kathryn Liverani, Tasha Lloyd, Amanda Lockshin, Melissa Loehr,
John Lombardo, Michele Lombardo, Armando Lopez, Graciela Lopez, Melinda Lopez, Zoraida Lopez, Jean Louis, Kesha Louis, Marianna Lowenfeld, Allison Lowy, Roza Loziner, Adam
Lubow, Martin Lucente, Gordon Ludwig, Sheree Lukowicz, Renate Lunn, Justine Luongo, Diane Lutwak, Leonard Lynch, Steven Lynch, Douglas Lyons, Lorraine Maddalo, Anya
Maddow-Zimet, Christopher Madiou, Jacob Madubuko, Alma Magana, Kevin Major, Xinmia Malave,Yvette Malave, Rudolph Maldonado,Wilfredo Maldonado, Eileen Malunowicz,
Shreya Mandal, Andrew Mandel, Bediaku Manin, Marco Marinez, Russell Markham, Ilana Marmon, Maud Maron, Nizaly Marrero, Brad Martin, Margaret Martin, Conway Martindale,
Jocelyne Martinez, Jose Martinez, Mariella Martinez, , Maximino Martinez, Mildred Martinez, Marianela Martinez-Echevarria, Elaine Martinez-, rtega, Katheryne Martone, James
Martorano, Jonathan Marvinny, Lori Masco, Irma Mason, Bobette Masson-Churin,Titus Mathai, Nancy Matos-Rodriguez, Alexandra Matta Quinones, Julia Mattson,Walter Mayott,
Edward Mayr, Prudencio Maysonet, Eileen Mc Cann, Edward Mc Carthy, Margaret Mc Clean, Colette Mc Crae, Dorothy Mc Donald-Starace, Lorraine Mc Evilley, Deborah Mc Gee,
Edna Mc Goldrick, Amelia Mc Govern, Patricia Mc Govern, Melissa Mc Grane, Caroline Mc Grath, Sheneka Mc Kenzie Sage, Irmin Mc Kenzie, Acola Mc Knight, Tanisha Mc Knight,
Kim Mc Laurin, James Mc Queeney, Peter Mc Shane, Meighan McSherry, Regan Mc Williams, Steven Mechanic, Samuel Medina, Eric Meggett, Stacy Meisner, Samuel Mejias, Irene
Melendez, Luisa Melian, Stanley Melnick, Caroline Meng, Nisha Menon, Jennifer Menscik, Margarita Menuar, Sonia Mercado, Fern Merenstein, Claire Merkine, Amy Meselson,
Carly Meyer, Henry Meyer, Katherine Meyer, Richard Meyerson, Jennifer Michaelson, Ezra Miller, Joseph Miller, Guy Mills, Saundra Mills, Tatyana Mints, Steven Miraglia, Bahar
Mirhosseini, Heather Misterka, Dawne Mitchell, Peter Mitchell, Vera Mitchell, Renee Mittler, Robert Moeller, Kate Mogulescu, Khadija Mohamed, Cesar Molina, Cynthia MolinaSantos, Marie Mombrun, Michael Monaghan, Curtis Moner, Edwin Montano, Paul Montgomery, Melinda Montondo, Claudia Montoya, S Moody, Daniel Moore, David Moore,
Hermine Moore, Michael Moore, Mara Moradoff, Ana Morales, Edward Morales, Jose Morales, Lorca Morello, Amanda Moretti, Florence Morgan, Martin Morris, Siobhan Morris,
Susan Morris, Roslyn Morrison, Colleen Morrissey,Theresa Moser, Magnus Mukoro, Nicole Mull, Katherine Mullen, Luanne Muller, Kerry Mulvihill, Amy Mulzer, Helen Munro, Sarah
Munro, Fay Munro-Cole, Dennis Murphy, Donald Murphy, Joyce Murphy, Michael Murphy, Eileen Murphy-Zadoff, Makela Murray, Michael Murray, Stephen Myers, Anyika Nance,
Sherry Narodick, Bharati Narumanchi, Lorin Nathan, Maria Navarro, John Needham, Zachary Neeley, Jose Negron, Kenwyn Nelson, Sheila Nelson, William Nelson, Edda Ness,
Patricia Nevergold, April Newbauer, John Newbery, Lucy Newman, Robert Newman, Elizabeth Newton, William Nicholas, Yvonne Nicks, Kathleen Niejadlik, Anna Niewdach,
Yvonne Nix, Thomas Nixon-Friedheim, Michelle Noah, Frantz Noel, Sateesh Nori, Linda Norona, Russell Novack, Edwin Novillo, John Novoa, Joanna Nowokunski, Grace ObomaLayat, Kevin O'Brien,Thomas O'Brien, David Ocasio, Judy Ocasio, John O'Connell, Niamh O'Flaherty, Oona O'Flaherty, Scott O'Gara, Sydney O'Hagan, Heather O'Hayre,Ward Oliver,
Milagros Oliveras, Efrain Olmo, Jeffrey Olshansky, Margaret O'Marra, Esere Onaodowan, Lisa Orloff, Natalie Orr, Rosalie Orta, Elsie Ortiz, Kate Paek, Erin Palacios, Lisa Palanjian,
Tina Palazzo, Megan Palmer, Girish Panchal, Damjan Panovski, Ivan Pantoja, Lovesun Parent, Crystal Parham, Latania Parham, Eun Hai Park, Jenny Park, Sandra Park, Sean
Parmenter, Michael Pate, Sunita Patel, Vanessa Paugh, Emily Paul, Joshua Paulson, Diane Pazar, Harold Peaks, Alan Peck, Robert Peck, Rachel Peckerman, Arthur Peeples, Henry
Peets, Sandra Pemberton, Anne Pentola, Mary Peppito, Arthur Perahia, Joshua Perez, Ricardo Perez, Michael Perkins, Cornelius Perry, Pamela Ann Peters,Teers Peterson, Polixene
Petrakopoulos, Hollis Pfitsch, Vance Phillip, Vincent Phillips, Valeria Philpot, James Pierce, Asia Pina, Jenniffer Pinales, Michael Pineiro, Monica Pinnock, Mary Pinto, Salvatore
Pisano, Christopher Pisciotta, James Pitt, Laura Pitter, Lisa Pitts, Jean Pizzini, Alvin Player, Mia Plehn, Steven Plotkin, Stephen Pokart, Aaron Pollack, Deborah Pollack, Robert
Pollitto, Gene Popowytsch, Allen Popper, Dawn Post, Linda Postell, Laura Potter-Cahn, Linda Poust Lopez, Ashwani Prabhakar, Frederic Pratt, Zenobia Prattis-Montgomery, JoAnn Pratts, Judith Preble, Norma Prescod, Gabrielle Prisco, Risa Procton, Dominic Profaci, Elizabeth Pruser, Gene Pudberry, Noemi Puntier, Galina Pyetranker,Veronica Quinones,
Jennifer Quintana, Lillian Quintana, Kristal Ragbir, Patricia Ragone, Karena Rahall, Amber Ramanauskas, Jasmine Ramirez-Burgos, Ushadevi Ramjit, Stephanie Ramos, Yolanda
Ramos, Aida Ramos-Herrera, Mitha Rao, Michael Raskin, Kyla Ratliff, Georgia Rattray-Gray, Philip Rauch, Kai-lin Rausch, Donald Ray, Ora Raymore-Kenlock, Natalie Bocca Rea,
Michael Rehm,Victoria Reichman, Marcus Reina, Sara Reisberg, Alison Reisner, Brendan Relyea, Jane Remler,Wendy Remy, Luz Requena-Rangel, Kenny Rey, Jessica Reyes, Marie
Lathie Reyes, Mary Ellen Reyes, Alex Reznik, Michael Ricci, Aisha Richard, Bruce Richardson, Cassandra Richardson, Joseph Richardson, Marie Richardson, Jeffrey Richman,Tasha
Ricks, Katie Ringer, Michael Riou, Katarina Ristic, Cristina Ritchie, Jennifer Ritter, Alfredo Rivera, Arnaldo Rivera, Edwin Rivera, Janet Rivera, Jeffrey Rivera, Migdalia Rivera, Nicholas
Rivera, Ricardo Rivera, William Rivera, Yvette Rivera, Yevgeniya Rivkina, Jeffrey Rizzo, Lauren Roberts, Joan Robinson, Kasandra Robinson, Yolanda Robles, Hara Robrish, Nicole
Rochat, Natasha Roche, Evan Rock, Ana Rodriguez, Angela Rodriguez, Carmen Rodriguez, Celena Rodriguez, Lia Rodriguez, Miriam Rodriguez, Osvaldo Rodriguez, Elana Roffman,
Gwendolyn Rogers, Patricia Rogers, Raymond Rogers, Jacob Rolls, Jonathan Roman, Luis Roman, Lurica Roman, Rosemary Roman-Hare-Bey, Antoinette Romano,Vincent Romano,
Cristina Romero, Michael Rooney, Ismael Rosa, Mily Rosa, Armando Rosado, Jose Rosado, Eve Rosahn, Sylvia Rosario, Magda Rosa-Rios, Laura Rosen, Mimi Rosenberg, Scott
Rosenberg, Nancy Rosenbloom, Gertrude Rosenfeld, Gregory Rosenfeld, Mary Ross, Timothy Rountree, Ralph Roye, Gail Rozansky, Emily Ruben, Michael Ruben, Brett Rubin,
Stanley Rubin, Paulette Rubinsky, Scott Rudnick, Hector Ruiz, Ines Ruiz, Deborah Fox Rush, Judith Russell, Laura Russell, Dawn Ryan, Theodora Saal, Janet Sabel, Elizabeth Sack
Felber, Ellen Sacks, Diana Salierno, Jacqueline Samuels-, affee, Dario Sanchez,Wanda Sanchez-Day, Gloria Sanders, Ronald Sanders, Sara Sanders, Antoinette Sands, Nilsa Saniel,
Marlene Santana, Carol Santangelo, Mary Santiago, Evelyn Santiago-Valdez, Ekaterini Saoulis, Eugene Sarchiapone, Vadim Sarma, Louis Sartori, Heather Saslovsky, Gerard
Savage, Lisa Sbrana, Ann Marie Scalia, Randall Schaefer, Kenneth Schaeffer, Joshua Scheier, Ronald Schneider, Stacy Schneider, John Schoeffel, Nanette Schrandt, Marcy Schuck,
Edna Schwartz, Kristina Schwarz, Ryan Schwarz, Eric Scott, Jean Scott, Matthew Scott, Marcia Seckler, Samantha Seda, Nadia Seeratan, Erin Segilia, Ashok Sehgal, Benjamin Seibel,
Douglas Seidman, David Seman, Julie Sender, Amy Serlin, Susan Sevin, Hasan Shafiqullah, Bejal Shah, Shekera Shahid,Taramanie Shakur, Hannah Shapiro, Melanie Shapiro, Rita
Shapiro, Irwin Shaw, Sophia Shaw, Monica Sheehan, Wadeedah Sheeheed, Nicole Sheindlin, Steve Shelton, Desiree Sheridan, Barbara Sherman, Roger Sherman, Roshni Shikari,
Susan Shin, Adam Shlahet, Jane Shortell, Khristina Sibley, Cynthia Sichenze, Debra Siegel, Steven Silberblatt, Elana Silberman, Jennifer Siletti, Christine Siley, Carolyn Silvers,
Anna Sim, Karen Simmons, Kawan Simmons, Clark Simpkins, Steven Sindos, Gurmeet Singh, Lawrence Siry, Shana Skaletsky, Jennifer Skidmore, Brian Slater, Debra Sloane,
Dorothy Smalls, David Smiley, Alexander Smith, Allana Smith, Asha Smith, Christine Smith, Denzil Smith, Elizabeth Smith, Heather Smith, Jodi Smith, Natalie Smith, Sondra Smith,
Todd Smith, Theresa Smoot-Robinson, Marvin Sobers, Chantelle Soloman, Gary Solomon, Meridith Sopher, Angel Soto, Christopher Spellman, Diane Spicer, Malika Spruiell,
Andrew St Laurent, Shannon Stallings, Adam Starritt, Laura Stasior, Jeffery Staten, Robert Staten, Tamara Steckler, Rebecca Stegman, Kenneth Stephens, Daniel Stern, David
Stern, Judith Stern, Susan Sternberg, Robert Stevenson, Barbara Stock, Jonathan Stonbely,Yevgeny Strupinsky, Janelle Stuart, Lisa-Ann Stuart, Elaine Stulbaum, Stephen Sturman,
Stacy-Ann Suckoo, Jeffrey Sugarman, Kannan Sundaram, Alice Swenson, Dorine Sylvester, Sharona Tabacznik, Michael Taglieri, Meredith Takahashi,Tanya Talaba, Stephen Talaber,
Jose Tapias, Ian Tarasuk, Sonia Tate-Cousins,Tennille Tatum, Bret Taylor,W. Brett Taylor, Stephen Terry, Joseph Tesoriero, Rumona Thadani, Sukhvir Thandi, Sidney Thaxter, Rosalina
Then, Kathryn Thiesenhusen, Anthony Thomas, Frances Thomas, Megan Thomas, Cynthia Thompkins, Cheryl Thompson, Salome Thompson, Bettina Thomsen, Raynita Thornton,
Lisa Timmes, Alia Toran-Burrell, Marilyn Toro, Alba Torres, Azalia Torres, Brunilda Torres, Joseph Torres, Richard Torres, Lisa Trentacosti, Rekha Trivikram, Matthew Tropp, Andrew
Tso, Lisa Tuntigian, Howard Turman, Roseanne Tzitzouris, Ferdinand Ubozoh, Chinyelu Udoh, Jesse Uhrman, Louis Ullrich, Stella Umutoni, Beth Unger, Jennifer Valentin, Sandrine
Valentine, Maria Valvik, Norah Van Dusen, Stephen Van Ooteghem, Louis Varela, Jessica Vargas, Marlene Vasquez, Anna Vaysleyb, Edwin Vega, Pedro Vega, Rosemary Vellucci, Linda
Venuto, Andrea Veras, Nicholas Vitek, Anja Vojvodic, John Volpe, Jill Wade, Andrea Wagner, Eliezer Wagner, Judith Waksberg, Kenneth Walcott, Jill Waldman, Jackie Walker, Randal
Walker, Albert Wall, Ryan Wall, Ernesto Walsh, Jessica Warner, Rosalyn Warren, Agnieszka Was, Jerry Washington, Marie Washington, Roy Wasserman, Steven Wasserman, Kelly
Watkins, Senora Watkins, Joshua Watson, Meggan Ways, Karen Webb, Alison Webster, Jill Wechsler, Jamien Weddle, Elizabeth Weiner, Jessica Weinstein, Hilary Weiss, Ronald Weiss,
Susan Welber, George Welch, Nathaniel Welkes, David Werber, Mary Werlwas, David Weschler, Rasheedah West, Mark Whalen, Andrew Whitcup, Amanda White, Lawrence White,
Lois White; Thomas White, Mayphill Whyte, Jamila Wideman, Paul Wiener, Jessa Wilcox, Dale Wilker, Alison Wilkey, Diana Wilks, Edlyn Willer, Cheryl Williams, Cheryl Williams,
Deborah Williams, Donald Williams, Eric Williams, Gregory Williams, Rochelle Williams, Ramon Willoughby, Freddie Winn, Angela Winston, Leslie Winston, Michael Wittman, Frank
Witty, Katherine Wohlauer, Jason Wohlford, Alexander Wolff, Liron Wolff, Cynthia Wolpert, Kathleen Wolters, Carrie Wood, Reda Woodcock, Susan Woodward, Andrea Woody,
Deborah Wright, Marco Wright, Jennifer Wu, Caesar Xavier, Srividya Yarabothu, Karen Yazmajian, Jeannie Yi, Dawn Yuster, Yosef Zablocki, Raoul Zaltzberg, Yonatan Zamir, Mary
Zaslofsky, Milton Zelermyer, Andrei Ziabkin, Marnie Zien
text:Legal Aid Society
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is a private, not-for-profit legal services
organization, the oldest and largest in the nation, dedicated since 1876 to providing quality
legal representation to low-income New Yorkers. It is dedicated to one simple but powerful
belief: that no New Yorker should be denied access to justice because of poverty.
The Society handles some 275,000 client cases and matters annually and provides a comprehensive range of legal services in three areas: the Civil, Criminal and Juvenile Rights Practices.
supported by government, the Civil Practice relies heavily on private contributions.
The Society’s legal program operates three major practices:
The Civil Practice | The Juvenile Rights Practice | The Criminal Practice
Unlike the Society's Criminal and Juvenile Practices, which are constitutionally mandated and
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Report of the Chairman
When the Board of Directors elected me Chairman
at the 130th Annual Meeting, I said it was one of
the greatest honors of my legal career. Now, a year
later, I find myself even more dedicated to this
great institution.
I am extremely proud to report that The Legal Aid
Society is financially sound, operating under the leadership of a talented management team led by our
President, Ted Levine and our Attorney-in-Chief,
Steve Banks, and receiving the guidance and support
of a dedicated Board of Directors.
We have been successful in achieving new and increased sources of support and continue to explore
new avenues to increase our resources. For the first
time in five years, we saw an increase in our baseline
funding for the criminal justice practice from the
Mayor’s Office and City Council. Our new Governor
Eliot Spitzer, immediately upon taking office, honored
his commitment to provide additional funding for civil
legal services throughout the State by instituting new
regulations that raised interest rates on IOLA (Income
on Lawyers’ Accounts) accounts. This initiative will
mean substantial funding for our Civil Practice. Our
Civil Support Division, an important fund raising arm
of the Society, has plans for expansion under the able
leadership of Elizabeth Sheehan and Dorina Link.
This year’s Ball was a huge success with Comedian
Joy Behar, co-host of “The View,” as the entertainment.
We are making new inroads into corporate support
and planning new initiatives that will bring additional
dollars into our civil program.
The Report of the Attorney-in-Chief, beginning on
page 6, outlines the legal achievements of the Legal
Aid staff for individuals and the triumphs affecting
large segments of the population. One important
factor of our legal work is the ability to identify the
problems faced by our clients early on and gear up
to deal with those issues. The law firms that provide
financial support for the Society have been great
partners in that effort by doubling over the past year
their pro bono contributions which increased to $44
million. In October, we honored 33 law firms and 154
lawyers during the 2007 Pro Bono Awards and Law
2
Firm Recognition Ceremony, hosted by Time Warner.
Court of Appeals Judge Carmen Beauchamp Ciparick
presided over the event.
The Society’s ability to continue its quality of service is
due to the remarkable abilities and perseverance of
the employees of The Legal Aid Society. On behalf of
the Board I want to express our particular gratitude to
our three practice chiefs, Seymour James, Adriene
Holder and Tamara Steckler. You will find the names
of all our employees listed on the inside covers of this
annual report, which is dedicated to them.
Members of the Board of Directors continue to provide
valuable support and counsel. The outstanding
commitment of the chairs of various Board committees
must be noted. Special thanks to Noel J. Spiegel
(Audit), Mel Immergut (Nominating and Governance),
Douglas F. Curtis, (Finance and Investment), Patricia
Hynes and Daniel Kolb (Development) and Jonathan
Siegfried (Real Estate). Paul Bird has provided extraordinary service as the Chair of the Retirement and
Benefits Committee. He and Richard Clary, a Vice
Chairman, will be rotating off the Board at the
131st Annual Meeting. Rich has served as a member
of the Executive Committee and Strategic Planning
Committee, sharing with us his wisdom and counsel.
Against all odds, The Legal Aid Society never has
faltered in the pursuit of its core mission to provide
equal access to justice for low-income New Yorkers.
We promise to continue to earn your support as we
begin the Society’s 132nd year with great enthusiasm
and hopes for the future.
Alan Levine
Chairman
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Page 3
Report of the President
All of the successes on behalf of our clients could not have been
achieved without the incredible work of the staff in the Civil,
Criminal and Juvenile Rights Practices, under the able leadership
of Attorneys-in-Charge Adriene Holder, Seymour James and
Tamara Steckler. Overcoming extraordinary challenges, they
have achieved amazing victories for our clients. Each year, we
honor four employees for outstanding dedication and service
to the Society and its clients – a member of the support staff, a
staff lawyer, a non-lawyer manager and a management attorney.
I am pleased to announce the recipients of the 2007 Orison S.
Marden Awards. They are Elaine Martinez-Ortega, a paralegal in
the Harlem Community Law Office of the Civil Practice; Oda
Friedheim, a staff attorney in the Queens Neighborhood Office of
the Civil Practice; Marie Washington, Director of the Rikers Island
Paralegal Program in the Criminal Practice; and Gary Solomon,
Director of Legal Support in the Juvenile Rights Practice.
When I became President a year ago, I identified several goals for
the Society, including a technology transformation to overhaul
and modernize our infrastructure and to develop a new case
management and conflict-checking system. We are in the midst
of that technology transformation. The City and State have provided the Society with substantial capital funding to support
this transformation for the Criminal and Juvenile Rights Practices,
respectively. A number of board firms have provided one-time
special technology funding for the Civil Practice. Moreover, a
number of vendors, including Microsoft and NetApps, have made
significant contributions.
We have upgraded our infrastructure and have begun to roll
out new computers and a new desktop platform for all staff.
The design of a completely new case management and conflictchecking system to enhance client services and reporting is also
underway. Video-conferencing has been introduced to improve
our ability to provide training programs, eliminate travel time for
meetings, and permit direct communication with clients at Rikers
Island. We continue to offer Society-wide training programs to
assist staff in the technology migration process. Our MIS Department, under the direction of Edward Braunstein, has been playing an outstanding role in our technology transformation efforts.
Moreover, under the leadership of Pat Bath, Director of Communications, members of the IT Department at Davis, Polk & Wardwell designed and created an innovative website for the Society
and continue to support it.
Other goals that I set for the Society included enhanced training
for all Legal Aid employees and initiatives to support the work of
the staff and to improve the working environment. Aida Ramos
has provided constant leadership in many of these administrative initiatives.
In this regard:
We are providing skills, respect in the workplace, management and
supervisory, technology, ethics, and media advocacy training
throughout the Society.
We have initiated an enhanced recruitment effort to attract qualified,
diverse candidates for managerial, attorney, paralegal, investigator,
social worker and support positions and have created a diversity
mission statement.
We have implemented a performance evaluation process for all staff.
Our Human Resources Department, led by Allan Fox, has initiated a
number of new Health and Wellness programs for our staff, and has
taken the lead in the training and recruitment initiatives.
We have held a series of offsite meetings for senior managers in
a continuing effort to develop overall strategies and initiatives.
We have visited with professional and support staff at all Legal Aid
offices to enhance transparency and communications with staff.
We are meeting with the supervisory staff in all practice areas to
discuss management, staff and practice challenges and successes.
We are conducting Town Hall meetings for staff in each borough to
discuss issues and share ideas and concerns.
To recognize the outstanding accomplishments of diverse members
of our staff, we have celebrated Awareness Months, including Black
History,Women’s History, Asian American and Pacific Islander American History, Pride (LGBTQ) and Hispanic Heritage. Elected officials,
judges and alumni have attended these events.
We regularly distribute to our staff and supporters an electronic
newsletter, which summarizes the significant activities and achievements of the Society. We are also distributing technology and
human resources newsletters to the staff.
We have created a new Development team, led by Erin Segilia, to
increase our fund raising efforts, principally for our Civil Practice.
Our new Chief Financial Officer, Joseph Tesoriero, has begun a review
of our financial operations and has instituted new procedures and
efficiencies.
We have created the Archibald R. Murray Memorial Fund for Law
Student Loan Forgiveness to help our staff attorneys repay some
of the debt they have incurred while attending law school.
Led by our General Counsel, Janet Sabel, we are addressing a variety
of real estate issues and have completed renovations of certain of
our offices and are continuing to renovate others. We have also
moved our Queens Juvenile Rights Practice into a new office during
the past year.
It has been an amazing year of accomplishment and change for The
Legal Aid Society. I cannot complete this report without recognizing
the extraordinary work of Steve Banks, our Attorney-in-Chief. He is
the glue that holds the Society together, a champion of the values
we all share and a symbol of our uncompromising commitment to
excellence and to our clients.
Theodore A. Levine
President
This past year has been one of outstanding achievement for
The Legal Aid Society. The many successes and accomplishments
described in detail in the Report of the Attorney-in-Chief are the
result of a team effort by everyone at Legal Aid – the Practices,
the Administration, the Pro Bono program, and the Board of Directors, under the energetic and wise leadership of Alan Levine.
3
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Page 4
Officers
Board of Directors
Theodore A. Levine
President
Alan Levine
Chairman
Steven Banks
Attorney-in-Chief
Richard W. Clary
Richard J. Davis
Mel M. Immergut
Vice Chairs
Joseph J. Tesoriero
Chief Financial Officer
Janet E.Sabel
Secretary
4
Roger S. Aaron
Paul S. Bird
Barry A. Bohrer
Richard W. Clary
J. Peter Coll, Jr.
Douglas F. Curtis
Richard J. Davis
Gandolfo V. DiBlasi
Bruce E. Fader
Vincent R. FitzPatrick, Jr.
Michael B. Gerrard
Hervé Gouraige
Noah J. Hanft
Patricia M. Hynes
Mel M. Immergut
Jerome C. Katz
Alfreida B. Kenny
John J. Kirby, Jr.
Daniel F. Kolb
Rochelle Korman
William F. Kuntz II
Carmen J. Lawrence
Alan Levine
Theodore A. Levine
Lewis J. Liman
Dorina Link
Robert O. Link, Jr.
George W. Madison
Randy Mastro
E. Leo Milonas
Sara E. Moss
Linda E. Rappaport
Lisa Rosenblum
William A. Roskin
Charles H. Scherer
Alan D. Schnitzer
Elizabeth M. Sheehan
Richard Shutran
Jonathan D. Siegfried
Noel J. Spiegel
Myron Trepper
Paul F. Washington
Allen Waxman
Barry Willner
Alfred D. Youngwood
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Page 5
2007 Sustaining Law Firms
Arnold & Porter LLP
Baker & Hostetler LLP
Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Chadbourne & Parke LLP
Clayman & Rosenberg
Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP
Cooley Godward Kronish LLP
Covington & Burling LLP
Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP
Davis Polk & Wardwell
Debevoise & Plimpton LLP
Dechert LLP
DePetris & Bachrach LLP
Dewey Ballantine LLP *
Driscoll & Redlich
Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper & Scinto
Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP
Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Firm, LLP
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP
Goodwin Procter LLP
Hogan & Hartson L.L.P.
Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP
Hunton & Williams LLP
Kasowitz, Benson, Torres & Friedman, LLP
Kaye Scholer LLP
Kelley Drye & Warren LLP
Kirkland & Ellis LLP
Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP
Kramer, Dillof, Livingston & Moore
Lankler Siffert & Wohl LLP
Latham & Watkins LLP
LeBoeuf, Lamb, Greene & MacRae LLP *
Lowenstein Sandler PC
Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
Morvillo, Abramowitz, Grand, Iason, Anello &
Bohrer, P.C.
O'Melveny & Myers LLP
Orans, Elsen & Lupert LLP
Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP
Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler LLP
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP
Proskauer Rose LLP
Richards Kibbe & Orbe LLP
Ropes & Gray LLP
Charles A. Ross & Associates LLC
Schulte Roth & Zabel LLP
Shearman & Sterling LLP
Sidley Austin LLP
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
Stillman, Friedman & Shechtman, P.C.
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz
Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP
White & Case LLP
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP
Wollmuth Maher & Deutsch LLP
* Dewey Ballantine LLP and LeBoeuf, Lamb, Greene
& MacRae LLP have since merged to form Dewey &
LeBoeuf LLP
The Legal Aid Society acknowledges the outstanding support of the following law firms. These firms sustain the
work of The Legal Aid Society’s Civil Practice by contributing at a leadership level of $600 per New York attorney.
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“
Page 6
Without the
extraordinary efforts
of the Society’s staff,
none of the work
presented in this report
”
would be possible.
Legal Aid attorneys and paralegals are in Criminal Court arraignment parts on a daily basis. Vincent J. Romano (right),
Arraignments Supervisor in the Brooklyn Criminal Office, reviews a case, while Vance L. Phillip (left), data entry paralegal,
gets files ready for the arraignment process. In the background, Legal Aid lawyers go over their cases.
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Page 7
Report of the Attorney-in-Chief
The Society provides comprehensive legal assistance to clients through three core practices –
Civil, Juvenile Rights, and Criminal. The Society’s
Pro Bono Practice supports all three of these practice
areas through an extensive program in which more
than 1,000 volunteer lawyers and paralegals from
leading private law firms and corporate law
departments participate, thereby further leveraging
the Society’s resources.
The Civil, Juvenile Rights, and Criminal practice areas
provide advice and counsel and legal representation
in both individual client cases and law reform legal
advocacy for groups of similarly situated clients to
address systemic problems. The Society represents
clients at every level of the State and federal trial
and appellate courts as well as in State and federal
administrative proceedings. Based on the Society’s
expertise, staff members are frequently asked to testify before federal, State, and City Council legislative
committees and comment on administrative regulations and procedures. The Society also conducts extensive “know your rights” community outreach
programs for clients and neighborhood-based and
city-wide organizations as well as Continuing Legal
Education programs for Society staff, pro bono volunteers, and the legal community in general.
Client cases are assigned to Society staff by the
Courts; or clients may be referred to Society offices
by community organizations, social services agencies, elected officials, government agencies, or word
of mouth. Government funds the constitutionally
mandated representation of clients provided by the
Criminal Practice and the Juvenile Rights Practice.
Aside from targeted government funding for special
Civil programs, however, the Civil Practice relies
heavily on private funds and donations to support
client services.
The significant achievements for clients that are
described in this report on the Society’s legal work
during the past year are a tribute to the commitment, skills, and abilities of Society staff members.
Working under extremely difficult circumstances,
every day the Society’s staff is called upon to ensure
that clients are provided with zealous representation and equal access to justice regardless of their
inability to pay for counsel. Without the extraordinary efforts of the Society’s staff, none of the work
presented in this report would have been possible.
Steven Banks, Attorney-in-Chief.
In some 275,000 client cases and matters, The Legal
Aid Society annually provides civil, criminal, and juvenile rights legal services to low income families
and individuals who cannot afford counsel. These
client services are provided through a network of 25
borough, neighborhood, and courthouse offices in
the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten
Island. During the past year, the Society’s caseload
increased to 290,000 because of increases in the
number of arrests in the City. Overall, the Society
provides this level of client services with a staff of
1,450, including 850 lawyers and 600 social workers,
investigators, paralegals, and support and administrative staff.
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Page 8
“
Unfortunately,
due to limited funding,
for every client who the
Civil Practice can help
there are six clients who
”
cannot be helped.
Ahmed, originally from Pakistan, has lived in the United States and worked as a taxi driver since 1994. His application for asylum
was turned down and he was placed in deportation proceedings. The Immigration Unit helped him gain permanent residency
and, eventually, citizenship. The Unit also helped his wife and children when they immigrated.
8
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Page 9
More than 90 percent of low-income New Yorkers appearing in Housing Court have no counsel, while only 10 percent of the
landlords appear in Housing Court with no lawyer. Douglass Seidman advocates for his client before a Housing Court judge.
The Civil Practice
During the past year, the Civil Practice again handled
more than 30,000 client matters for the most vulnerable New Yorkers, including senior citizens, disabled
children and adults, survivors of domestic violence,
immigrants, low-wage workers, persons living with
HIV/AIDS, and homeless and imminently homeless
children and adults. Unfortunately, due to limited
funding, for every client who the Civil Practice can
help there are six clients who cannot be helped.
Core Civil Practice Programs
The Civil Practice delivers services through 10 neighborhood and courthouse-based offices in all five
boroughs in combination with city-wide units and
specialized projects. Over the past year, the Civil
Practice provided client services through these key
service models and programs:
Family/Domestic Violence Practice – Provides legal
services to women and children, most of them survivors of domestic violence. In collaboration with
seven domestic violence advocacy partner agencies,
we provide coordinated legal and social services including crisis intervention, safety planning, and short
and long-term counseling.
Brooklyn Office for the Aging – Recognized as a national model, our Brooklyn Office for the Aging makes
comprehensive legal assistance available to senior
citizens through home visits, hotline services, and an
expeditious rolling intake system. The program spe-
cializes in preventing unlawful evictions, obtaining
medical care, and securing public benefits.
Homeless Rights Project – Protects and enforces
the legal rights of homeless families and individuals in
New York City through law reform litigation on behalf
of groups of homeless families with children and
direct representation for families who come to us
through a toll-free hotline and our ongoing outreach
in emergency housing facilities. The Project also
serves as counsel to the Coalition for the Homeless
to assist homeless single adults.
Housing Practice – Offers critical legal services to prevent homelessness among the City’s most vulnerable
families and individuals. Through this work, we keep
low-income New Yorkers in affordable housing, get
unsafe housing violations corrected, obtain and preserve rent subsidies for clients, fight illegal rent overcharges and evictions, and stop foreclosures. These
efforts prevent homelessness and displacement and
save the City and State millions of dollars each year in
averted shelter costs alone.
Housing Development Unit – Seeks to avert housing
abandonment and preserve and expand affordable
housing for low-income New Yorkers. Based in our
Harlem Community Law Office, the Unit helps tenants
and tenant groups, block associations, low-income
housing co-ops, and not-for-profit housing organizations in Harlem, East Harlem, Washington Heights and
Inwood to negotiate with landlords, fight illegal rent
increases, obtain repairs, and correct other inadequate
housing conditions. We work to secure low-interest
renovation loans, facilitate major capital improvements, increase occupancy rates, obtain court appointment of competent tenant rent administrators,
The Civil Practice helps families and individuals
obtain and maintain the basic necessities of life such
as housing, healthcare, sustenance, and self-sufficiency. By doing so, the Civil Practice also enhances
family and community stability.
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Page 10
A homeless child sleeps on the floor of St. Anne’s Episcopal Church in the South Bronx after the child’s family was refused
shelter. The photograph was taken by staff in the Homeless Rights Project as evidence in the McCain litigation which
seeks to ensure that homeless children and their families receive lawful shelter and services.
“
A recent analysis by the Robin
Hood Foundation reveals that every
dollar spent on the Society’s Single Stop
Program generates 18 dollars in benefits
”
that go directly to the client.
and assist our client groups in buying buildings and
forming low-income housing cooperatives.
Immigration Law Unit – Is the only free, city-wide
provider of comprehensive immigration legal services
with offices in all five boroughs of New York City. Unit
staff represents low-income immigrants in obtaining
lawful status, dealing with employment issues, and
defending against deportation and removal from
the country.
Disability Advocacy Project – Provides legal services
for children and adults who are eligible for, but have
been wrongfully denied or terminated from federal
disability benefits. By securing these benefits, the
Society saves the City and State millions of dollars
each year.
Government Benefits Practice – Helps to alleviate
poverty among the poorest segment of New Yorkers
by assisting them in obtaining and maintaining government benefits to which they are entitled, such as
public assistance, food stamps, and Medicaid.
Employment Law Project – Provides representation,
advice and community education to low-wage and
unemployed workers, many of whom are immigrants.
Most cases involve unemployment insurance, wage
and hour violations, and workplace discrimination, especially discrimination based on past involvement
with the criminal justice system. The Project also provides assistance and referrals regarding other employment-related legal issues such as family and medical
leave, pensions and other employer-provided benefits,
and Workers Compensation.
Health Law Unit – Assists clients and health advocates with a range of legal problems pertaining to
10
such areas as public health programs, Medicaid, and
Medicare. Issues include barriers to enrollment and
retention in health insurance plans, denial of health
care services, and coordination of benefits. In addition, the Unit advocates for access to health care for
uninsured clients, immigrant access to health care,
and reduction of medical debt.
HIV/AIDS Representation Project – Serves persons
living with HIV and AIDS in the areas of government
benefits, family law, consumer law, housing, estate
planning, discrimination, and other general civil matters. The Project also offers referrals to health services,
HIV/AIDS education, counseling, substance abuse, and
comprehensive case management.
Law Reform Unit – Builds upon the needs of individual clients to effect systemic changes through law
reform litigation and advocacy that benefit large numbers of clients with similar legal problems. The Unit’s
active affirmative litigation and class action docket
of 20 cases benefits virtually the entire population of
1.7 million low-income New Yorkers.
Low-Income Taxpayer Clinic – Provides legal representation and advice to low-income taxpayers in
disputes with the IRS and/or the New York State
Department of Taxation and Finance. The Clinic
operates a hotline and conducts community outreach
and neighborhood presentations and workshops in
English, Spanish, and Mandarin Chinese.
Predatory Lending Project – Serves victims of predatory lending practices in the mortgage and consumer
credit industries, particularly through community
outreach and education and the City’s 311 hotline.
We also provide direct representation and advice to
clients and advocates regarding mortgage foreclo-
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Page 11
A family illness, a job loss, an unexpected expense– can cause a low-income family to lose their home without the help of
an attorney. Sheryl Karp, supervising attorney in the Harlem Community Law Office, counsels a client on a housing issue.
Community Development Project – Serves community groups and low-income individuals, many of
them immigrants, in Manhattan and the Bronx. The
Project works with community-based not-for-profit
organizations; small business entrepreneurs trying
to lift themselves out of poverty; low-income housing
cooperatives; and tenant associations seeking to
preserve decent, affordable housing.
Robin Hood Funded Single Stop Program – Provides
intake at 15 community-based sites throughout the
Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Staten Island and soon
Queens. The sites are specifically chosen to reach out
to families within their own neighborhoods and at locations where they already receive other social or
child care services. A recent analysis by the Robin
Hood Foundation reveals that every dollar spent on
the Society’s Single Stop Program generates 18 dollars
in benefits that go directly to the client.
Housing Help Project – Allows for the early intervention provision of comprehensive legal and social services to clients residing in those parts of the Bronx and
Brooklyn where there are high levels of evictions and
entry into City shelters. The Project was developed
collaboratively by the United Way of New York City,
the Civil Court, Seedco, the City Department of
Homeless Services, Women in Need and The Legal Aid
Society. The Project has been situated in the Bronx
Housing Court and is expanding to the Brooklyn
Housing Court.
Rikers Reentry Project – Provides advice and legal
representation to clients on Rikers Island who are
scheduled to reenter the community shortly. The pri-
mary purpose of this Robin Hood Foundation-funded
Project is to try to stabilize the housing and benefits
situations of clients to enable them to avoid eviction
while they are incarcerated and to return to their
apartments upon release with a minimum of disruption, so as to enable them to reintegrate into the community and with their families as quickly and with as
little disruption as possible.
Partnership to Preserve Affordable Housing – This
city-wide initiative works with tenants, community
organizers and the non-profit housing groups to
challenge the loss of federal subsidies, both in our
individual practice and through our representation
of tenant associations.
Representative Cases Illustrate How The Civil
Practice Changes Lives
During the past year, with assistance from Paul, Weiss,
Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, Society staff was
instrumental in achieving a major victory for the tenants in Noble Drew Ali Plaza Tenants Ass’n v. Noble
Drew Ali Plaza Housing Corp. In January 2007, the
U.S. Bankruptcy Court approved an unprecedented
agreement granting the 385 tenants and their families
in this Brownsville housing complex a key role in determining the company that will own and manage the
housing complex going forward. Until Society staff
intervened on the tenants’ behalf, prior owners and
operators for many years had failed to make repairs or
maintain even the most basic services, and 100 tenants had been evicted from their homes to make way
for a temporary shelter facility on the premises. The
agreement this year was the culmination of complex
litigation undertaken by Society staff in State and federal court to protect the tenants. The new owner who
came to the rescue – former Red Sox and Mets slugger
sures, deed theft and fraud, debt collection, identity
theft, wage garnishment, and bank account freezing.
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Page 12
Mo Vaughn and his company, Omni – agreed to forgive more than four years of rent arrears to compensate for years of neglect and abuse by unscrupulous
landlords. Omni will put in $23 million to rehabilitate
the complex, including providing two community
centers with programming and a computer lab.
Likewise, working with Hughes Hubbard & Reed LLP
and other attorneys, in M.K.B. v. Eggleston, the Society obtained a final settlement to stop the wrongful
denial of public benefits, including cash public assistance, food stamps and Medicaid, to certain categories
of immigrants, many of them survivors of domestic
violence. The final settlement includes: retroactive
benefits; requires 150 New York City public benefits
employees to be trained as immigrant liaisons; and directs the City and State public assistance agencies to
fix their computer systems, change their procedures,
and retrain their workers.
With assistance from Cravath Swaine & Moore LLP,
the Society also provided legal representation to
homeless New Yorkers, including many children and
their families who had been wrongfully denied shelter
from the elements. In an individual case, the Society
went to Federal Court to successfully challenge the
failure to provide a shelter placement that could accommodate our disabled client’s needs. She required
a wheelchair to travel and a walker in the home. However, her wheelchair would not fit in the elevator of
the shelter and the width of the door of her assigned
shelter room was too small for her to be able to go in
and out of the room with her walker.
Throughout the year, we provided legal assistance to
clients whose problems required expertise and services in multiple substantive areas of law. For example,
we represented James M., a disabled senior citizen
who was facing eviction from his home. In order to
prevent his eviction in Housing Court, we also had to
represent him before the Social Security Administration to obtain federal disability benefits so that he
could afford to pay his $569 monthly rent.
Similarly, we represented Ms. C. and her teenage
daughter who needed immigration and family law
help. Ms. C. met her husband while she was visiting
the United States with her daughter. After they were
married, he began to physically abuse her. When she
went to Family Court to request an order of protection, her husband filed a false criminal complaint
against her and wrote to the United States Citizenship
and Immigration Services to withdraw the petitions he
had filed to permit Ms. C. and her daughter to reside
12
with him in the United States. The case was referred to
us by a community-based domestic violence shelter
where the family had sought refuge. Society staff provided Ms. C. with legal assistance to secure dismissal of
the false criminal charges, obtain a work permit and
lawful permanent residency status in the United
States, and a final order of protection and a divorce.
Ms. C. and her daughter have now moved out of the
shelter into an apartment and both of them lawfully
work as health care aides.
Regardless of whether a case is litigated or not, our
legal help makes a difference in the lives of our clients.
For example, this year we helped convince a hospital
not to enforce a $250,000 judgment against a woman
under psychiatric care who had been hospitalized for
three months because the hospital had failed to seek
Medicare coverage for her. At the same time, we
represented a client before the New York Court of
Appeals and obtained a ruling that will permit 60,000
similarly situated low income tenants to keep their
apartments because the Court’s decision requires
their landlords to continue to accept federal Section 8
rent subsidies. The law firm of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP provided assistance in this case by
filing an amicus brief for the American Association of
Retired Persons.
Prisoners’ Right Project
As part of the Civil Practice, the Prisoners’ Rights
Project – through civil litigation of individual cases,
class action suits and monitoring – has brought about
important systemic changes in the jail and prison
systems to protect the civil rights of prisoners and
prevent abuses. Virtually all persons incarcerated in
New York City jails (14,000 individuals) and New York
State prisons (64,000 individuals) benefit from the
class action cases which our Prisoners’ Rights
Project litigates.
During this past year, we have obtained groundbreaking relief for clients in three major law reform
cases. In Ingles v. Toro, together with attorneys from
the law firms of Sullivan & Cromwell LLP and Emery
Celli Brinckerhoff & Abady LLP, the Society settled a
landmark class action suit that will result in sweeping
reforms affecting every New York City jail. Based on
the settlement, the City has revised guidelines on
when and how guards may use force; is installing hundreds of new video cameras in the jails; is overhauling
its procedures for investigating violent incidents;
and is required to provide more training for guards
on how to restrain inmates without injuring them.
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Page 13
Left: The Brooklyn Neighborhood Office and the law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP have saved this family’s
home in the Noble Drew Ali Plaza in Brooklyn. The law firm worked closely with Mimi Rosenberg and Stephen Myers of the
Brooklyn Office and we were instrumental in forcing the sale of Noble Drew to a new owner – former Red Sox and Mets slugger
Mo Vaughn and his company, Omni.
Right: Mimi Rosenberg (left) and members of the Noble Drew Ali Plaza Tenants’ Association, battled for five years to find a new
owner for the 385-unit low-income housing project in Brownsville and correct horrible conditions there. Omni, the new owner, has
begun renovations, charges rents lower than those allowed under City and State guidelines, and is offering employment to residents.
“
Regardless of
whether a case is litigated
or not, our legal help
makes a difference in the
”
In Rosario v. Department of Correctional Services, we
obtained a settlement that will, for the first time, give
the prisoners housed in New York State Regional Medical Units access to important rehabilitative programs,
such as help for alcohol and substance abuse.
We filed Disability Advocates, Inc. v. New York State
Office of Mental Health and Department of Correctional Services to address the inadequacy of mental
health treatment and the punitive treatment (including
solitary confinement) of countless prisoners with serious mental illness. This year, together with Davis, Polk
& Wardwell and other attorneys, we obtained an extraordinary settlement which provides for the creation
of necessary mental health treatment programs and
housing locations for our clients, improves suicide prevention measures, mitigates the harsh conditions of
observation cells used for prisoners in psychiatric crisis,
provides alternatives to punitive isolated confinement
for some prisoners with serious mental illness, provides
substantial out-of-cell time and treatment for those
who remain in isolated confinement, provides universal
mental health screening on admission to the prison
system, and provides additional inpatient psychiatric
hospital beds for prisoners in need of intensive inpatient treatment.
lives of our clients.
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“
The Juvenile
Rights Practice has been
recognized as a leader
in the area of child
advocacy both nationally
”
and state-wide.
The Legal Aid Society handled 290,000 client cases and matters last year, providing children, families and individual adults access
to justice through three practice areas: Civil, Juvenile Rights and Criminal.
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Page 15
The Juvenile Rights Practice
With an annual workload of some 27,000 children, the
Juvenile Rights Practice represents 90 percent of the
children who appear before the New York City Family
Court in all five boroughs on child protective, termination of parental rights, PINS (persons in need of supervision), and juvenile delinquency petitions. The role of
our attorneys acting as “law guardians” is to provide
legal representation, express our clients’ wishes to the
Court, and safeguard the interests and legal rights of
our clients. Our law guardians are assigned by Family
Court judges, and they remain involved through the
original case and any supplemental proceedings,
which frequently take place over a period of years.
To enhance the quality and expand the scope of our
legal advocacy for our young clients, we have developed several specialized Juvenile Rights units. Our
Juvenile Services Unit (JSU), which provides social
work services, was formed as a result of our pioneering work in teaming social workers with lawyers in
order to adequately address the educational, social,
and psychological issues that arise in Family Court
proceedings. Our Safe Families Project, Providing
Educational Assistance to Kids (PEAK), and the
Kathryn A. McDonald Education Advocacy Project
(EAP) provide specialized legal and social work assistance in domestic violence cases and cases requiring
educational advocacy. Our Appeals Unit, which represents clients throughout the appeals process, has lit-
erally “made the law” that governs juvenile court proceedings in New York. Our Special Litigation and
Law Reform Unit has initiated class action lawsuits
and other litigation aimed at system-wide abuses
within the juvenile justice, child welfare and educational systems.
Almost 40 percent of our clients are age 12 and above
and these cases are particularly complex and require
significant resources to achieve successful outcomes.
To help address the unique needs of these clients, we
have developed a special Adolescent Practice Team,
comprised of an attorney and social worker. This program began in Manhattan and is now being initiated
in each borough. To help address the needs of the
increasing number of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered and questioning (LGBTQ) clients, we have
developed a nationally acclaimed training curriculum
for all staff.
The Juvenile Rights Practice has been recognized as
a leader in the area of child advocacy both nationally
and state-wide. For example, the practice is represented on the Chief Judge’s Permanent Judicial Commission on Children as well as the Chief Judge’s
Probation Task Force, serves on the Board of Directors
of the National Association of Counsel for Children
(NACC), participates on State and City agency advisory
boards, and is regularly asked to provide training at
New York State and national law guardian programs.
At NACC’s 30th Annual Child Advocacy Conference,
seven Society staff members were asked to lead seminars, and a staff attorney was the recipient of the
much-coveted 2007 National Child Advocacy Award.
During this past year, the Governor signed legislation
that will have a major impact on our Juvenile Rights
The Family Court in New York City deals with traumatic
and emotionally charged cases affecting parents and
caretakers each and every day, but the very person
whose life is most affected by the work of Family
Court practitioners is the child. The job of representing children in these cases falls squarely on the shoulders of our Juvenile Rights Practice.
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Page 16
Louise Rogers, a foster grandparent from the City’s Department for the Aging, and a young JRP client enjoy a book.
It all started with an idea from a concerned Legal Aid social worker to set up a reading room for children who appear
before the Family Court in Manhattan and now has grown to a City-wide Books for Kids project. The program has been
expanded to Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island and is starting up in the Bronx. The books – both used and new – are
donated from a number of sources. The children are allowed to take the books home with them.
Practice and our clients. The new law requires the
Office of Court Administration to set law guardian
workload standards, including the maximum number
of children a law guardian can represent at any given
time. Currently, our law guardians handling child
protective cases are representing an average of 220
children at a time, which is more than twice the appropriate standards that have been developed by professional organizations and other States.
The Cases of Representative Children
Highlight the Importance of the Juvenile
Rights Practice’s Work
During the past year, we represented J.C., a nine-yearold boy who has had open heart surgery and suffers
from asthma. Because of his condition, J.C. has trouble
climbing stairs and engaging in other physical activity.
The Administration for Children’s Services filed a neglect petition against J.C.’s mother to remove him from
her home because J.C. was not attending school regularly. A staff member from our Kathryn A. McDonald
Education Advocacy Project met with J.C. and his
mother and learned that J.C. had originally been
16
placed in a 5th floor classroom in a school that did not
have an elevator. J.C.’s mother, concerned that the
school placement would exacerbate J.C.’s medical
conditions, obtained a transfer to a school that had an
elevator. The new school was a substantial distance
from J.C.’s home, but the Department of Education
refused to provide him with bus service. To get to
school, J.C. would have to climb to an above-ground
subway station and then transfer to a bus. His mother
could not afford to pay for car service or for a babysitter to stay with her other two children while she escorted J.C. to and from school each day. To contest the
Department’s failure to provide bus service at an administrative hearing, we helped J.C.’s mother identify
expert witnesses and gather medical documentation
demonstrating J.C.’s need for busing. At a pre-hearing
conference, we convinced the Department that J.C.
was entitled to bus service as a reasonable accommodation for his disability under federal law. With bus
service now provided, J.C. has been able to attend
school and the Family Court case against his mother is
heading toward a dismissal.
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Sukhuir Than (left), Paralegal Supervisor in the Bronx Juvenile Rights Office, and Paralegal Molly Catchen discuss a foster care
placement with a young client.
Tamara Steckler (left), Attorney-in-Charge of the Juvenile Rights Practice, reviews a case with Staff Attorney Carly Baetz-Stangel.
“
The new law requires
the Office of Court Administration to set law guardian
workload standards, including the maximum number
of children a law guardian
can represent at any
”
We also represented 13-year-old J. J., who was arrested
when he was found smoking a marijuana cigarette
together with his 16-year-old sister in the stairwell of
their apartment building. At J.J.’s arraignment in Family Court, we asked that the case be sent back to the
Department of Probation to provide the family with
an opportunity to receive community services to
assist J.J. without a formal juvenile delinquency proceeding. Although this was his first arrest, the Police
Department refused this request to resolve the case.
The Family Court also denied our request to dismiss
the case in the interests of justice and on other legal
grounds. In the hope of resolving the case, J.J. then
made an admission to possession of marijuana in the
fifth degree. Although all the court evaluations of
J.J. demonstrated that he was doing well, the predisposition recommendation was that he be placed
in a secure facility where he “will receive education,
supervision and counseling to deter further criminal
involvement.” For a single misdemeanor offense J.J.
was at risk of losing his liberty and being locked in a
facility for a minimum of a year at age 13.
Despite positive testimony that our law guardian
elicited from an agency case worker at the dispositional hearing, the Family Court adjudicated J.J. as a
juvenile delinquent and placed him in a limited
secure placement for a year, citing concerns regarding
J.J.’s family’s situation and a belief that J.J.’s mother
seemed overwhelmed. We appealed this ruling to the
First Department which found that “[a] child ‘should
not be stigmatized as a juvenile delinquent because
of any shortcomings of his family’… Given that this
was [J.J.’s] first offense, and considering the nature
of the crime, the significant progress [J.J.] has made
with the assistance of [preventive services] and his
negative testing for drugs on three occasions, a
12–month placement was neither the least restrictive
alternative nor the appropriate disposition.” Ultimately, on remand, the Family Court dismissed the
case in its entirety and J.J. was able to remain home
with his family with services in place. J.J. is now doing
extraordinarily well in school and has remained drug
free since his arrest.
given time.
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Page 18
“
Our Criminal
Practice is the largest
public defender program
in the country and serves
as the primary provider of
indigent defense services
in New York City.
Before the case is called for arraignment in Criminal Court, Dawn L. Yuster interviews her client, a Polish immigrant, in the
holding pens with the help of an interpreter who is assigned by the Court.
18
”
1/3/08
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Page 19
The Criminal Practice
Providing Quality Criminal Defense
Representation
During this past year, our criminal defense workload
increased from 210,000 cases to 225,000 cases because there was an increase in the number of arrests.
Throughout the year, staff had to handle an increased
number of arraignments shifts that the Courts
scheduled on an emergency basis to address the
increased arrests.
The increase in arrests also resulted in violations of the
24-hour arrest-to-arraignment standard that the New
York Court of Appeals found was constitutionally required in landmark law reform litigation that the Society brought nearly two decades ago. During the past
year, faced with hundreds of clients in the Bronx and
Brooklyn languishing in jail for more than 24 hours
without being arraigned, Society staff filed writs of
habeas corpus to secure the release of clients held in
violation of the constitutional standard. In response
to the writs, arraignments were either expedited or
clients were released on Desk Appearance Tickets.
Meanwhile, in an individual case highlighting the crucial need for zealous representation to ensure that the
prosecutor proves a criminal case beyond a reasonable doubt, we represented a client at trial in a felony
gun possession case. The client was adamant that he
had never possessed a gun. He had been standing on
the stoop of a multiple family dwelling with a number
of individuals when the police approached and subsequently arrested him. At the trial, extensive cross-examination revealed many inconsistencies among the
police officers’ versions of what happened, including
testimony from a precinct officer we located who had
interviewed all the officers involved and concluded
that our client did not possess the weapon. The jury
deliberated for less than an hour before acquitting our
client of all charges.
The important roles of investigators and paralegals
were highlighted in a case this year in which we represented a client who worked at a local nightclub and
was accused of beating two club patrons with a baseball bat. A Criminal Practice investigator and a paralegal went to the club, met with our client there, and
spoke to a number of witnesses who said our client
was innocent. Ultimately, both the investigator and
the paralegal testified before the grand jury and the
case was dismissed.
In another case which illustrates the importance of
teamwork among lawyers, paralegals, and investigators, we represented a client accused of robbery and
assault. The prosecutor alleged that our client, along
with five other unapprehended suspects, grabbed,
The Criminal Practice includes: criminal defense trial
offices in the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and
Queens; an Appeals Bureau; a Parole Revocation Unit;
and a Special Litigation Unit. We also operate special
programs for mentally ill and chemically addicted
clients and for adolescents who are prosecuted in
criminal proceedings instead of in Family Court.
To enhance client services, Society social workers
in our Defender Services Program provide comprehensive services in conjunction with our defense
representation. We also deploy paralegal staff directly
in the City jails to assist in our client representation.
Our Criminal Practice is the largest public defender
program in the country and serves as the primary
provider of indigent defense services in New
York City.
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Page 20
Irwin Shaw, Attorney-in-Charge of the Manhattan Criminal Defense Office, discusses a scheduling situation with Criminal Court Judge Deborah Kaplan. Because of the dramatic increase in the number of arrests, Courts scheduled additional
arraignment shifts on an emergency basis.
Paralegal Joyce Murphy (seated) goes over the day’s court calendar with Staff Attorney Sekeena L. Gavagan and Court
Officer David Tous.
choked, and knocked down a person and stole his wallet and jewelry outside a restaurant. After our client’s
wallet was found at the restaurant and he was identified in a line-up by two witnesses as one of the men
involved in the robbery, he was arrested. The prosecutor announced at the arraignment that the entire
robbery was recorded on tape by a video surveillance
camera mounted outside the restaurant. Based on
this information, bail was set at $7,500 and our client
remained in jail. Our client insisted on his innocence,
said that he was at the restaurant earlier that morning
but knew nothing of the robbery, and refused to
accept a plea offer. He believed that he was only arrested after returning to the restaurant later that day
to claim his lost wallet which had been found at the
restaurant. Our paralegal subpoenaed the surveillance video tape and our staff attorney and an investigator reviewed the tape before the prosecutor had
obtained a copy. By carefully examining the images
from the video tape, we were able to determine that
our client was not one of the six men shown on tape
committing the robbery. After presenting the video
and an arrest photo of our client, we were able to convince the prosecutor that the wrong person had been
arrested. As a result of our investigative work, the
prosecutor agreed to a dismissal and our client was
able to avoid a trial and the risk of conviction that
could have resulted in up to 25 years in prison.
In a representative case that demonstrates the key
role social workers play in our criminal defense work,
a Criminal Practice attorney was able to keep a 16year- old client charged with several robberies out of
jail because our social worker presented evidence
that our client has learning disabilities and would benefit from a rehabilitative program rather than a prison
20
sentence. Similarly, our special team of attorneys and
social workers who work with clients who are mentally
ill and chemically addicted obtained placement in a
supportive mental health residence for Ms. M. who
had a long history of over 32 arrests on charges of
prostitution, drug possession, and petty larceny.
High Quality Appellate Representation
Our Criminal Practice Appeals Bureau handles direct
appeals of State Court convictions to the Appellate Division and Appellate Term of Supreme Court and the
New York Court of Appeals, conducts post-conviction
proceedings in State trial courts, and brings habeas
corpus petitions in Second Circuit federal courts.
In a major New York State Court of Appeals case this
year, we successfully challenged a trial court’s summary refusal to allow our client to challenge the legality of his arrest at a suppression hearing. A unanimous
Court of Appeals found that the prosecution could not
deny the defense critical discovery information and
then fault the defense for failing to make specific
allegations to support a hearing request to explore
potential violations of a client’s constitutional rights.
In a case illustrating the importance to clients of the
Society’s unique ability to team appellate lawyers with
trial lawyers to provide comprehensive client services,
an Appeals lawyer and a trial lawyer, with pro bono
help from lawyers at Sullivan & Cromwell LLP,
successfully exonerated our client who had been
wrongfully convicted of robbery. The Society was
first assigned the case on appeal, and we obtained
court-ordered surgery to remove exculpatory ballistics
evidence from our client’s hand. Using this same
evidence, we were also able to exonerate our client’s
brother and terminate the immigration proceedings
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The Criminal Practice operates a special project for Mentally Ill and Chemically Addicted Clients called MICA, comprised of attorneys and social workers to assist in the representation of clients by finding appropriate programs instead of
incarceration. John Volpe, MICA director, meets with Social Worker Ilana Marmon (left), a mitigation specialist, and
Staff Attorney Colleen Morrissey to discuss strategy for the defense of one of their clients.
In another major case this year, our Appeals Bureau,
working with a team of lawyers from Paul, Weiss,
Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP and Stillman, Friedman & Shechtman, obtained habeas corpus relief for
our client in federal court, and in doing so protected
the standard of trial representation provided to criminal defendants in New York. The Second Circuit held
that our client’s trial lawyer was ineffective for failing
to consult a medical expert in preparing his defense in
a case where the sole prosecution evidence came from
a witness who had sustained traumatic brain injuries
and was taking medication that raised significant
doubts about the reliability of his identification.
Significant Results for Clients Wrongfully
Charged with Violating Parole Conditions
Last year, our Parole Revocation Defense Unit handled
over 9,000 cases for clients charged with violating the
conditions of their release. The Unit may contest the legitimacy of the violation and obtain dismissal of the
charges or seek to divert mentally ill or chemically addicted clients to community-based treatment. The Unit
has recently obtained a series of significant decisions
resulting in the release from prison of clients who were
arrested for allegedly violating the terms of their postrelease supervision but who never should have been
subject to post-release supervision in the first place.
Cases that we handled over the past year included our
representation of a client who was charged with violating the conditions of his post-release supervision by
threatening to harm his niece. We were able to secure
our client’s release by establishing at a hearing that
the niece was stealing money from him and had called
our client’s parole officer to fabricate the charge because our client had threatened to take legal action
against her.
We also represented a 31-year-old woman, who was five
months pregnant and suffering from hepatitis C and
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder from sexual abuse early
in her life. She had been on parole for a year and a half,
was enrolled in junior college, and was working and attending all of her mandated treatment. She relapsed to
drug use and was arrested for misdemeanor drug possession, and then failed to report to her parole officer.
After she was incarcerated on the parole violation, a
Society social worker worked to get our client approved
for admission to a special program for pregnant women
and their infants. As a result, a Society lawyer was able
to convince an administrative law judge to release our
client from jail and send her to the program.
Special Litigation Benefits Large Numbers of
Clients
Our Criminal Practice Special Litigation Unit represents
our clients in law reform litigation to benefit all similarly situated clients. For example, during the past year,
following a successful appeal to the Second Circuit,
our litigation expanded the protections available to
New Yorkers whose cars are seized after an arrest.
On remand, the district court ruled that there is a right
to an adversarial hearing to challenge the retention
of a vehicle at the behest of a prosecutor for use as
evidence at a criminal trial. This decision, the first to
establish a due process right to challenge such retention of property by a prosecutor, will enable people
to pursue Criminal Court proceedings to expedite the
return of their impounded vehicles.
that had been brought against him as the consequence of his wrongful conviction for the robbery.
The brothers’ story was prominently featured in
The New York Times.
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Page 22
The Pro Bono Practice
The Pro Bono Practice Supports All of the
Society’s Work
The Pro Bono Practice helps to expand the Society’s
legal assistance for clients through partnerships with
the private bar. The Pro Bono Practice works closely
with Society staff members in all three practice areas
and partners and pro bono coordinators at approximately 70 law firms to develop pro bono initiatives.
More than 1,000 volunteer lawyers and paralegals
from leading private law firms and corporate law
departments provide client services in conjunction
with Society staff.
“
No where in the
world is the commitment
as strong as it is in New
”
York City.
Many firms have established several kinds of legal
assistance projects with the Society in order to offer
their lawyers a diverse range of our pro bono opportunities. These firm initiatives include pro bono programs
in the areas of disability, family law, housing, immigration, affirmative law reform litigation, criminal appeals,
education advocacy for special needs children, and juvenile rights representation and assistance.
For example, immigration is a substantive area in
which pro bono assistance has been particularly
crucial to the Society’s efforts to expand client services
in this growing area of need in New York City. Over
the past year, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP in conjunction with our Immigration Law Unit has provided
representation to lawful permanent residents with
valid claims to remain in this country who are facing
imminent deportation based on long-ago convictions.
Lawyers and paralegals at Hughes, Hubbard & Reed
LLP have staffed our Immigration Hotline. Simpson
Thatcher & Bartlett LLP provides legal assistance
to immigrants with our Immigration Unit staff in
Washington Heights; and Dewey & LeBoeuf has also
initiated a program to provide immigration representation to augment our immigration law resources.
Left.: Leon Silverman, a past President of
the Society, and his grandson, Jonathan
Braun, represent two generations spanning
many years of pro bono service to the Society. Mr. Silverman won a unanimous U.S.
Supreme Court victory in Stetson v. Blum, in
which the High Court recognized the importance of the Society. Jonathan,
a high school senior, does pro bono work in the Public Information Office.
Right: Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, under the leadership of Alan Levine (first row, left), developed a pro bono immigration
practice in defense of detainees facing deportation. William O’Brien and associates Rachel Kane (seated) and Shannon McKinnon (second row, right) were honored for their pro bono efforts for the Immigration Unit, directed by JoJo Annobil (left). With
them are Janet Sabel, General Council, and Court of Appeals Judge Carmen Beauchamp Ciparick, who presented the awards.
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Page 23
Alan Levine (2nd row left), Chairman of the Society, and Court of Appeals Judge Carmen Beauchamp Ciparick (2nd row, right)
presented the Pro Bono Publico and Public Service Law Firm Award to Daniel F. Kolb (next to Judge Ciparick), a Director of
the Society, during the 2007 Pro Bono Awards Ceremony at Time Warner. Honored for their outstanding pro bono service were
(from left) Gail A. Dedrick (lst row) Managing Web Editor, and Candy M. Lawson and James W.B. Benkard and (2nd row)
Nancy B. Ludmerer for their work on a major federal lawsuit.
HONOR ROLL
In recognition of the outstanding
pro bono commitment of the following
law firms and corporations to
The Legal Aid Society and its clients:
Presented by The Honorable Carmen Beauchamp Ciparick of the New York State
Court of Appeals, on Tuesday, October 23, 2007, in recognition of the outstanding
contributions of individual lawyers, law firms, corporations and others to the
cause of equal justice.
The Legal Aid Society’s 2007 Pro Bono Publico Awards symbolize the outstanding
commitment of major New York City law firms to provide access to justice to low
income children, families and individuals. No where in the world is the commitment as strong as it is in New York City. For more than 130 years, these law firms
have served as the foundation of the Society’s pro bono program, providing representation to the most vulnerable New Yorkers, including senior citizens, disabled
children and adults, survivors of domestic violence, immigrants, low-wage workers, persons living with AIDS/HIV, and homeless and imminently homeless children and adults, and to the most forgotten New Yorkers, including inmates in the
jails on Rikers Island and prisoners in correctional facilities throughout the State
of New York.
PRO BONO PUBLICO and PUBLIC SERVICE LAW FIRM AWARD
Davis Polk & Wardwell is the recipient of the 2007 Pro Bono Publico and Public
Service Law Firm Award for its extraordinary pro bono commitment to The Legal
Aid Society and its clients. A long-time supporter of the Society, the firm has expanded its pro bono commitment by serving as co-counsel with the Society in a
major federal lawsuit, which resulted in significant improvements in psychiatric
treatment for New York State prisoners with mental illness.The firm has provided
pro bono representation on a continuing basis through the Criminal Appeals Bureau for prisoners in New York State correctional facilities who are appealing their
convictions. Key members of the firm’s IT Department created a new website for
the Society on a pro bono basis and continue to provide assistance.The firm’s support of The Legal Aid Society dates back to the early 1900s. Several partners have
served on the Society’s Board of Directors including Allen Wardwell, who was the
President from 1926 through 1936. Currently, Daniel F. Kolb is a member of the
Board of Directors. He is being recognized for his outstanding service.
Law Firms
Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP
Cahill, Gordon & Reindel LLP
Davis Polk & Wardell
Dechert LLP
Dewey & LeBoeuf LLP
Greenberg Traurig
Holland & Knight LLP
Kaye Scholer LLP
McKee Nelson LLP
Nixon Peabody LLP
O’Melveny & Myers LLP
Outten & Golden LLP
Proskauer Rose LLP
Pryor Cashman LLP
Sidley Austin LLP
Corporations
CB Richard Ellis
InterSystems Corporation
Microsoft Corporation
NetApps
The Legal Aid Society’s 2007 Pro Bono Publico Awards
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Page 24
Awareness Celebrations
This year, for the first time, The Legal Aid Society celebrated Awareness Months with special events to
celebrate the diversity of the staff and to recognize their outstanding accomplishments. Elected officials,
judges, alumni and members of the Board of Directors participated in the events which included Black
History, Women’s History, Asian American Heritage, Pride (LGBTQ) and Hispanic Heritage.
Pride Month
State Assemblyman Daniel J. O’Donnell, a former
Legal Aid attorney, addressed the gathering, celebrating Pride Month (LGBTQ).
Sarah Kerr (center), a lawyer in the Society’s Prisoners’ Rights Project, and her partner, Lucy Gentile, discuss recent legislation with Assemblyman
O’Donnell during the Society’s Pride celebration at
the New York County Lawyers’ Association.
Latino and Hispanic Month
A reception recognizing the many accomplishments and contributions of Latino and Hispanic
employees was held October 9 at the Bronx Borough Hall. Participating in the event were (from
left) Steven Banks, Attorney-in-Chief; Seymour
James, Attorney-in-Charge of the Criminal Practice; New York State Assembly Member Peter M.
Rivera; New York City Council Member Miguel
Martinez; and Theodore A. Levine, President.
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Page 25
Asian American History Month
City Council Member John C. Liu was one of the
major speakers during the Society’s Asian American History Month celebration. Meeting with the
Council Member are Legal Aid lawyers Carol
Hochberg (left) and Grace Parke and Chan Woo
Lee, a former Legal Aid lawyer who returned to
work on the event planning committee.
The creation of the Archibald R. Murray Memorial Fund
for Law Student Loan Forgiveness was announced by
Theodore A. Levine, President, during the celebration of
Black History Month. The fund was created to honor
the memory of Mr. Murray, who served as Attorney-inChief for 19 years and as the Chairman of the Board for
four years and spent his legal career promoting diversity
in the profession.
Women‘s History Month
Participating in the Women’s History Month celebration were (from left) Dawn Ryan, Attorney-inCharge of the Brooklyn Criminal Office; Karen
Simmons, Attorney-in-Charge of the Juvenile
Rights Office; Brooklyn City Council Member Darlene Mealy; Diane Lutwak, Attorney-in-Charge of
the Brooklyn Office for the Aging; Brooklyn City
Council Member Diana Reyna; Emily Ruben, Attorney-in-Charge of the Brooklyn Neighborhood
Office; and Attorneys-in-Charge Adriene Holder
(Civil) and Tamara Steckler (Juvenile Rights).
Former Mayor David N. Dinkins, Chief Judge Judith S.
Kaye of the State of New York and Kay Murray participated in the Black History celebration and discussed the
efforts of Archibald R. Murray to provide opportunities
for law students of color as well as others who might have
to forego a dream of public service because of the financial crush of law school loans.
Black History Month
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Special Events
Annual Ball
Associates’ Campaign
The Civil Support Division’s Annual Ball on
October 18 was a huge success with Comedian
Joy Behar, co-host of “The View,” providing the entertainment. Participants enjoyed a lovely evening
at Gotham Hall and danced to the music of the
Marty Stevens Orchestra. Ms. Behar and Patricia
Hynes, former Chair of the Board of Directors,
became friends when they were students at Queens
College. Pictured are Joy Behar, Steven Janowitz
and Ms. Hynes. Upper row (from left) Candi
Kolyer, Sheila Kaplowitz and Dorina Link, who
served as co-chairs of the event.
The 2007 Associates’ Campaign raised nearly
$350, 000 for the Society’s Civil Practice with
topping the list of firms. Approximately 1,000
associates participated in the campaign which raises
funds for the most vulnerable New Yorkers – senior
citizens, disabled and chronically-ill children and
adults, survivors of domestic violence, unemployed
workers, immigrants fleeing oppression, persons
living with HIV/AIDS, low income wage earners,
and homeless and imminently homeless children
and adults. With Skadden Arps leading the list, the
other firms in the top 10 include Simpson Thacher
& Bartlett LLP; Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy
LLP; Proskauer Rose LLP; Linklaters LLP; Hughes
Hubbard & Reed LLP; Davis Polk & Wardwell;
Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal LLP; Kaye Scholer
LLP; Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz; Chadbourne
& Parke LLP and Debevoise & Plimpton LLP.
Theodore A. Levine (left), President; Adriene
Holder, Attorney-in-Charge of the Civil Practice;
and Steven Banks, Attorney-in-Chief, presented the
top award to Skadden associates Wing-Sze Choi,
Shannon Lazzarini and Julia J. Peck.
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“
The Servant of
Justice Dinner raised
more than $1 million to
”
Servant of Justice
Holiday Party
With Servant of Justice Honoree Lewis B. Kaden
(second from left) are Steven Banks, the Attorney-in-Chief; Alan Levine, the Chairman; and
Theodore A. Levine, the President.
The laughter of children was proof enough that
more than 500 homeless and other vulnerable children had a magnificent time at The Legal Aid Society’s annual Holiday Party on December 19 at the
Cathedral of St. John the Divine. Special thanks to
the Society’s staff, the Board of Directors, Pfizer
Inc., and the following law firms: Abbey Spanier
Rodd, Abrams & Paradis LLP; Cleary, Gottlieb,
Steen & Hamilton LLP; Cravath, Swaine & Moore
LLP; Davis Polk & Wardwell; Hughes, Hubbard &
Reed LLP; Milbank Tweed Hadley & McCloy LLP;
Morvillo, Abramowitz, Grand, Iason, Anello &
Bohrer P.C.; Sullivan & Cromwell LLP and
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz for donating toys
and money for the party and for helping out by
serving food, face painting, working with the children at the crafts tables and distributing mountains
of toys, books and games.
Lewis B. Kaden, Vice Chairman and Chief Administative Officer of Citigroup, Inc., was honored by The Legal Aid Society on April 11 at the
30th annual Servant of Justice Award Dinner at
the Waldorf-Astoria. Leaders of the private bar
and corporations participated in the tribute to
Mr. Kaden, who joined Citigroup in 2005 after
serving as a partner at Davis Polk & Wardwell.
The dinner raised more than $1 million to assist
the Civil Practice.
Distributing candy to children at the party were
Alan Levine (left), Chairman of the Board of Directors, and Theodore A. Levine, President.
assist the Civil Practice.
27
1/3/08
4:52 PM
Page 28
Thank You
The Legal Aid Society is Grateful for Your Support
Thanks to the generous support from law firms, corporations, foundations, and individuals, Legal
Aid is able to provide quality, consistent community-based services to vulnerable low-income
New York City residents who desperately need our help. At the same time, we are able to continue
to engage in class action litigation that benefits two million families and individuals in New York
City and across the country each year.
Yet, everyday Legal Aid Staff must make a heartbreaking choice between those they can help, and
those they must turn away. Because of lack of resources, we can serve only one out of seven
clients who come to us for help. Without our legal assistance, those whom we cannot assist face
hunger, lack of health care, continuing family violence, deprivation of subsistence benefits, withheld wages, deportation/removal, eviction and homelessness.
Thanks to the continued generosity of our supporters, our goal to leave no plea for help
unanswered becomes ever more possible.
28
1/3/08
4:52 PM
Sustaining Law Firms
The following law firms supported
The Legal Aid Society by contributing
$600 per attorney in their New York
office. The support of our Sustaining
member law firms at this level is vital
to our work and makes a significant
difference in the lives of our clients.
Arnold & Porter LLP
Baker & Hostetler LLP
Cahill Gordon & Reindel LLP
Chadbourne & Parke LLP
Clayman & Rosenberg
Covington & Burling LLP
Davis Polk & Wardwell
Dechert LLP
DePetris & Bachrach LLP
Dewey Ballantine LLP *
Driscoll & Redlich
Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper & Scinto
Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Firm, LLP
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP
Goodwin Procter LLP
Hogan & Hartson L.L.P.
Hunton & Williams LLP
Kasowitz, Benson, Torres & Friedman, LLP
Kaye Scholer LLP
Kelley Drye & Warren LLP
Kirkland & Ellis LLP
Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP
Kramer, Dillof, Livingston & Moore
Lankler Siffert & Wohl LLP
LeBoeuf, Lamb, Greene & MacRae LLP *
Lowenstein Sandler PC
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
Morvillo, Abramowitz, Grand, Iason,
Anello & Bohrer, P.C.
O'Melveny & Myers LLP
Orans, Elsen & Lupert LLP
Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP
Proskauer Rose LLP
Richards Kibbe & Orbe LLP
Page 29
Ropes & Gray LLP
Charles A. Ross & Associates LLC
Schulte Roth & Zabel LLP
Sidley Austin LLP
Stillman, Friedman & Shechtman, P.C.
White & Case LLP
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP
Wollmuth Maher & Deutsch LLP
*
Dewey Ballantine LLP and LeBoeuf, Lamb,
Greene & MacRae LLP have since merged
to form Dewey & LeBoeuf LLP
Institutional Support
$500,000+
Robin Hood Foundation
United Way of New York City
$100,000 to $499,999
Citigroup Inc.
Columbia University
Ira W. DeCamp Foundation
Bernard F. and Alva B. Gimbel Foundation, Inc.
The Charles Evans Hughes
Memorial Foundation, Inc.
Morrison & Foerster LLP **
The New York Community Trust
Pfizer, Inc.
Skadden Fellowship Foundation
$50,000 to $99,999
Allen & Overy LLP
Bryan Cave LLP
Cablevision Systems Corporation
The Heckscher Foundation for Children
Jones Day LLP
MasterCard International
Ambrose Monell Foundation
Viacom International, Inc.
$25,000 to $49,999
Altria Group, Inc.
Carter Ledyard & Milburn LLP
Clifford Chance US LLP
DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary US LLP
Equal Justice Works
The Estée Lauder Companies, Inc.
Kekst and Company Incorporated
The Lucius N. Littauer Foundation
Mayer, Brown, Rowe & Maw LLP
Milberg Weiss & Bershad LLP
Henry & Lucy Moses Fund, Inc.
Olive Bridge Fund, Inc.
The Philanthropic Collaborative, Inc.
Scherman Foundation, Inc.
Soros Foundations: Open Society Institute
Taconic Foundation
TIAA-CREF, Inc.
Time Warner Inc.
$10,000 to $24,999
Bank of America Charitable Foundation
The Viola W. Bernard Foundation, Inc.
CA, Inc.
Max and Victoria Dreyfus Foundation
Epstein Becker & Green, P.C.
Fulbright & Jaworski L.L.P.
General Electric Inc.
Marc Haas Foundation
Heller Ehrman LLP
Hewlett Packard, Inc.
Holland & Knight LLP
Ingram Yuzek Gainen Carroll & Bertolotti, LLP
Charles S. Keene Foundation
Sidney & Judith Kranes Charitable Trust
Kutak Rock LLP
The Dorothea L. Leonhardt Foundation, Inc.
Linklaters
Riggio Foundation
The Silver Family Foundation
The Sirus Fund
Surdna Foundation
Marion E. Kenworthy-Sarah H. Swift Foundation
Thelen Reid Brown Raysman & Steiner LLP
Thomson Legal & Regulatory
The Isak and Rose Weinman Foundation, Inc.
Winston & Strawn LLP
$5,000 to $9,999
American Express Company
Babbitt Family Charitable Trust
The Howard Bayne Fund
The David Berg Foundation, Inc.
Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP
Butler Family Fund
Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle LLP
Harriet Ford Dickenson Foundation
Emmet, Marvin & Martin, LLP
Gersten Savage LLP
Hagedorn & Company
Independence Community Foundation
Marjorie S. Isaac Charitable Annuity Trust
29
1/3/08
4:52 PM
Page 30
Kilpatrick Stockton LLP
The Lillian & Ira N. Langsan Foundation, Inc.
The Liman Foundation
Morgan Stanley Group, Inc.
The Pinkerton Foundation
Resnick Seaport LLC
Charles & Mildred Schnurmacher
Foundation, Inc.
Stroock & Stroock & Lavan LLP
The Tomorrow Foundation Inc.
$1,000 to $4,999
Ball & Rubin LLP
Coalition for Hispanic Family Services
Cowan, Liebowitz & Latman, P.C.
Cunningham-Wright Family Fund
Dancker, Sellew & Douglas
Strachan & Vivian Donnelley Foundation
Fross Zelnick Lehrman & Zissu, P.C.
The Glickenhaus Foundation
The Goldstone Family Foundation
Hahn & Hessen LLP
Haynes and Boone, LLP
Hudson Bay Environments Group LLC
Carl Jacobs Foundation
Keesal, Young & Logan
Language Line Services
The Leon Levy Foundation
Ruth Norden Lowe and
Warner L. Lowe Memorial Fund
James A. MacDonald Foundation
Alfred, Lee & Peter Mayer Foundation
D. J. McManus Foundation, Inc.
Daniel M. Neidich and
Brooke Garber Neidich Foundation
Nortel Networks
Alfred and Jane Ross Foundation, Inc.
Signature Cleaning Services
Steelcase Inc.
The Stonbely Family Foundation
Solon E. Summerfield Foundation, Inc.
Unilever United States Foundation Inc.
United Way of New York City
Venable LLP
Waldners Business Environments, Inc.
** Through The Morrison & Foerster
Foundation and individual attorneys
contributions.
Individual Donors
$25,000+
Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Kaden
Theodore A. Levine and Lucia Swanson
$10,000 to $24,999
Mr. Jonathan L. Cohen
J. Peter Coll, Jr. and Nancy K. Coll
The Estate of Anna Gold
Alexander D. Forger
Peter and Helen Haje
Kenneth V. Handal
Patricia M. Hynes and Roy L. Reardon
Daniel F. Kolb
Alan Levine
Lawrence B. and Kathleen Pedowitz
Linda E. Rappaport
Elizabeth M. and Robert C. Sheehan
Richard Shutran
$5,000 to $9,999
Elkan Abramowitz
Paul S. Bird
James J. and Ellen Capra
Richard and Suzanne Clary
Mr. and Mrs. H. Rodgin Cohen
Douglas F. Curtis
Mr. and Mrs. Gandolfo V. DiBlasi
Bruce E. Fader
Dr. Guido Goldman
Michael S. Helfer
Sheila and Jay Kaplowitz
Jerome C. Katz
Rochelle Korman
Carmen J. Lawrence
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Lindenauer
Randy M. Mastro and Jonine L. Bernstein
Sara E. Moss
Ms. Clare O'Brien and Mr. Peter M. Taubman
Robert and Pearl Polifka
William A. Roskin
Frederick P. Schaffer
Charles H. Scherer
Alan D. Schnitzer
Jonathan D. Siegfried
Thomas R. Smith, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan C. Stapleton
Mr. Barry Willner
Peter S. Wilson
Alfred D. Youngwood
$1,000 to $4,999
Mr. Jeffrey G. Abrandt
John Ansbro
Mr. Daniel H. Aronson
Ellen L. Asher
30
E. Nelson Asiel
Gary M. Bahler
Michael A. Bamberger
Michael H. and Susan L. Barr
Ms. Barbara S. Barrett
Margaret L. Barry Esq.
William B. and Helen H. Beekman
Garrard R. Beeney and Evan Mason
James M. Bergin
Tanya Stern Bernotas
Peter A. Bicks
Mr. John W. Bloom
John A. K. Bradley
Michael O. Braun
Mr. Garth W. Bray and Ms. Kathryn H. Baxter
Mr. Stuart Breslow
Douglas D. and Beatrice Broadwater
Thomas R. and Marie Brome
Mary R. Brusewitz
Colman J. and Gnarity K. Burke
Jeff E. Butler
Mr. P.J. Carlesimo and
Mrs. Carolyn Hoffman Carlesimo
Alex Verbin Chachkes
Michael J. and Pamela R. Chepiga
Richard Chirls
Sheila W. Clark
Michael A. and Nan R. Cooper
Robert A. Cote
Cameron L. Cowan
Katharine I. Crost
Paul C. Curnin
Mr. Stephen M. Cutler
Jonathan A. Damon
Mrs. Debra A. Dandeneau and
Mr. Jeffrey E. Matchen
George A. and Annette L. Davidson
Richard J. Davis
Mr. Marc De Leeuw and
Ms. Christine C. Monterosso
Michael Delikat
Malcolm S. and Virginia K. Dorris
Mr. and Mrs. David A. Duff
Carol and James Duffy
Christopher W. Dysard
Mr. Stanley Eisenberg
Richard A. Eisner
Lauren J. Elliot
Annette S. Elstein
Mrs. Deborah L. and Mr. John Evangelakos
Haliburton Fales, II
Steven L. and Carol G. Fasman
Mr. Martin R. Feinman
Ms. Sally L. Finger
Steven J. Fink
Ms. Louise R. Firestone and
Mr. Joseph D. Pizzurro
Aimee B. Florin
1/3/08
4:52 PM
Stephen G. Foresta
James G. and Eugenia S. Frangos
Paul H. Frankel
Else P. and Stephen H. Frishauf
Zachery Furqueron
Mr. George A. Gallantz
Loraine Gardner
David R. and Katherine M. Gelfand
Michael B. Gerrard
Richard A. Gilbert
Bruce M. Gillam
Max and Elisabeth G. Gitter
Amy Glickman and Andrew P. Kuritzkes
Mr. and Mrs. David S. Gottesman
Hervé Gouraige
Joseph J. Grano, Jr.
Elizabeth L. Grayer and Aidan Synnott
Linda and Stanley B. Green
Ward A. Greenberg
Mr. and Mrs. Stuart J. Gross
Mr. and Mrs. Russell F. Hackmann
William S. Haft
Burton K. Haimes
Noah J. Hanft
Jane L. Hanson
Mary Anne and Paul Hatch
Ms. Elizabeth A. Hay
Lenore Hecht
Eileen B. Heitzler
Lisina M. and Frank W. Hoch
Steven L. Holley
James E. Hough
Samuel W. Ingram
David Isaacson
Robert M. Isackson
Mr. and Mrs. Gary Israel
Meredith B. Jones
Mr. Allen S. Joslyn
Si Mi and Thomas Kahn
Helene and Mark N. Kaplan
Robert M. Kaufman
Stephen E. Kaufman
Mr. and Mrs. Bruce E. Kayle
Charles L. Kerr
John J. Kirby, Jr.
Richard H. Klapper and Helena Lee
Alan M. Knoll
Mr. and Mrs. Peter R. Kolyer
Ms. Kristina Konstas
Mr. and Mrs. John E. Kopacz
Eric M. Kornblau and Stacy J. Kanter
Mark J. and Barbara Kronman
William F. Kuntz, II
Ms. Karen Doeblin and Mr. Robinson B. Lacy
Mark P. Ladner
Mr. and Mrs. W. Loeber Landau
Dr. Arthur Lander
Page 31
Mr. Steven J. Lee and Ms. Mary R. D'Agostino
Walter F. Leinhardt
Abhay D. Lele
Joseph A. Lipari and Louise E. Tranford
Eric J. and Patricia M. Lobenfeld
Carl H. Loewenson, Jr.
Ms. Barbara Lyne and Mr. Mel M. Immergut
Walter and Consuelo Mack
John A. and Denise H. MacKerron
George W. Madison
Christopher L. Mann
Ms. Kayalyn A. Marafioti and
Mr. David R. Marshall
Richard W. Mark
Lloyd and Mary McAulay
Mary E. McGarry and Stanley J. Okula
Lorraine S. McGowen
Kathrine A. McLendon
Steven P. McSloy
Carolyn and Jeffrey A. Meckler
Gordon Mehler
Craig Stephen Mende
Katarina Mesarovich
Horace and Gertrude G. Michelson
Sam Scott Miller
Mr. Roswell K. Milling
Mr. Robert P. Mollen
Henriette Montgomery
Barbara Moses and Matthew Grayson
P. Quinn Moss
Kay C. Murray
Jay K. Musoff
Joseph E. Neuhaus and Cynthia A. Loomis
Mr. J. Kelley Nevling
John H. O'Connor
Liz & Gus Oliver
Mr. Bruce L. Paisner
Ernest T. Patrikis
Ms. Carol J. Patterson
Ms. Heather Paulson and Mr. Merritt Paulson
Roger E. and Marietta Podesta
Brian H. Polovoy
Mr. and Mrs. Stephen E. Poltrack
Edith J. and Sidney L. Posel
Ms. Carol A. Quinn and Mr. David W. Mayo
Anthony M. Radice
Ms. Maria Sarath Ragucci
Mr. Salvatore A. Ranieri
Father George H. Ratermann, M.M.
Deborah J. and Angelica N. Rennels
Lucretia A. Risoleo and Robert S. Risoleo
Mr. Timothy A. Robert
Barbara and Victor Rocco
Anthony M. Roncalli
Jill Rosenberg
Steven B. and Naomi E. Rosenfeld
Kenneth A. and Judith S. Sagat
Mr. and Mrs. Paul C. Saunders
Al B. Sawyers
George A. Schieren
Mark I. Schubin and Karen A. McLaughlin
Amy Weinfeld Schulman
Ms. Nancy R. Schwartz
Mr. and Mrs. Samuel W. Seymour
L. Edward and Irene R. Shaw
Antonia B. Sherman
Moses Silverman
Lisa T. Simpson
Mr. Patterson Sims and
Ms. Katharine A. Homans
Laurence T. and Joan Sorkin
Ms. Clarissa Spawn
Noel J. Spiegel
Ms. Susan Springer
James L. Stengel and Beverly J. Bartow
Mrs. Lynn S. Stern
Sarah J. Stewart
Ms. Audrey Strauss
Ronald J. Tabak
Mr. James R. Tanenbaum
Molly J. Tatman
Mr. William Taylor
Daniel J. Thomasch
Michael Tiger
Mr. and Mrs. James E. Tolan
Myron Trepper
Alycia Vivona
Susan N. Wagner
Mary K. Warren
Murray H. and Phyllis Warschauer
Paul F. Washington
Allen P. Waxman
Doris Wechsler
Ms. Katherine G. Weinstein
Ira T. Wender
Keith C. Wetmore
William J. and Susan M. Whelan
Lawrence E. Wieman
Phoebe A. Wilkinson
Ms. Laura J. Wilson and Mr. Mark J. Menting
Mark R. Wingerson
Jan L. and Eric C. Woglom
Robert G. Zack
Peter L. Zimroth
Mr. Matthew Zweig
Anonymous (4)
31
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Page 32
Financial Statements
June 30, 2007
32
GOLDSTEIN GOLUB KESSLER LLP
Certified Public Accountants and Consultants
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT
The Board of Directors
We have audited the accompanying statement of financial position of The Legal Aid Society (the
"Society") as of June 30, 2007, and the related statements of activities, functional expenses, and
cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Society's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our
audit. The prior-year summarized comparative information has been derived from the Society's
2006 financial statements and, in our report dated October 13, 2006, we expressed an unqualified
opinion on those financial statements.
We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United
States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstateme nt. An audit
includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the
financial position of The Legal Aid Society as of June 30, 2007, and the changes in its net assets
and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America.
As described in Note 8 to the financial statements, during the year ended June 30, 2007, the Society
adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, Employers' Accounting for Defined
Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans - an amendment to FASB Statements No. 87, 88,
106, and 132(R).
GOLDSTEIN GOLUB KESSLER LLP
October 18, 2007
1185 Avenue of the Americas Suite 500 New York, NY 10036-2602
TEL 212 372 1800 FAX 212 372 1801 www.ggkllp.com
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
June 30,
2007
2006
$ 8,183,960
$ 6,602,500
14,587,208
11,586,998
3,113,277
2,123,607
Deferred Charges and Other Assets
375,768
383,901
Property and Equipment, at cost, net
7,668,868
9,358,438
$ 33,929,081
$ 30,055,444
$ 2,475,500
17,886,610
3,598,636
15,353,119
2,401,462
16,213,590
$ 3,235,655
18,757,401
4,471,845
16,469,466
14,428,538
16,127,856
57,928,917
73,490,761
515,987
(29,134,823)
(47,269,604)
(28,618,836)
(47,269,604)
2,562,977
2,056,023
1,778,264
2,056,023
(23,999,836)
(43,435,317)
ASSETS
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Receivables from Grants and Governmental Contracts
Investments, at fair value
Total Assets
LIABILITIES AND NET ASSET DEFICIENCY
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
Accrued payroll and other employee expenses
Program advances
Accrued postretirement health and life insurance benefits cost
Pension liability
Deferred lease incentives and lease obligations
Total liabilities
Commitments and Contingencies
Net Assets:
Unrestricted:
Designated for endowment
Deficiency arising from other operations
Total unrestricted
Temporarily restricted
Permanently restricted
Total net asset deficiency
Total Liabilities and Net Asset Deficiency
$ 33,929,081
$ 30,055,444
See Notes to Financial Statements
2
STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES
(with summarized financial information for the year ended June 30, 2006)
2007
Year ended June 30,
Unrestricted
Revenue:
Program revenue:
Criminal Defense Practice
Federal Defender Practice
Juvenile Rights Practice
Civil Practice
Contributions
Return on investments, net
Court awards for services
Other income
Net assets released from restrictions satisfaction of program and time restrictions
Total
Summarized
Comparative
Total
$ 96,339,978
32,195,963
13,361,175
11,796,210
532,001
1,210,178
606,066
514,226
2,398,755
74,080
260,385
32,710,189
15,759,930
11,870,290
792,386
1,210,178
606,066
$ 88,121,046
3,142,567
25,579,175
13,737,135
11,407,102
244,393
1,780,762
526,148
2,463,033
(2,463,033)
159,289,017
144,538,328
84,428,361
84,428,361
27,639,104
24,117,018
27,639,104
24,117,018
83,298,286
2,750,122
25,085,030
19,976,320
136,184,483
136,184,483
131,109,758
8,981,557
804,589
8,981,557
804,589
10,467,743
741,175
9,786,146
9,786,146
11,208,918
Total operating expenses before contributed legal
services
145,970,629
145,970,629
142,318,676
Contributed legal services:
Revenue
Program expenses
44,280,365
(44,280,365)
44,280,365
(44,280,365)
28,474,575
(28,474,575)
Operating expenses:
Program services:
Criminal Defense Practice
Federal Defender Practice
Juvenile Rights Practice
Civil Practice
Program services before contributed legal services
Supporting services:
Administrative expenses
Fund-raising expenses
Total supporting services
Change in net assets before pension
liability adjustment
Pension-related changes other than net periodic costs
Change in net assets before the effect of adoption
of FASB Statement No. 158
Effect of adoption of FASB Statement No. 158
Change in net assets
Net assets (deficiency) at beginning of year
Net assets (deficiency) at end of year
158,504,304
12,533,675
$
Permanently
Restricted
300
Total revenue before contributed legal services
$ 96,339,678
Temporarily
Restricted
2006
784,713
784,713
4,919,943
17,453,618
784,713
1,197,150
18,650,768
13,318,388
2,219,652
4,919,943
11,094,133
18,238,331
13,313,785
1,197,150
19,435,481
13,313,785
(47,269,604)
1,778,264
784,713
$ 2,056,023
(43,435,317)
(56,749,102)
$ (28,618,836)
$ 2,562,977
$ 2,056,023
$ (23,999,836)
$ (43,435,317)
3
Year ended June 30,
STATEMENT OF FUNCTIONAL EXPENSES
(with summarized financial information for the year ended June 30, 2006)
Total
Program
Services
1,511,876
107,920
248,388
89,209
19,954
1,594
6,048,391
$ 2,952,530
1,747,686
1,348,175
Administrative
272,862
106,865
90,944
90
36,573
645
27,198
8,977
1,044
526
531,727
$260,799
152,283
118,645
Fundraising
3,206,028
523,397
40,462
44,244
544,021
-
1,548,449
108,565
275,586
98,186
20,998
2,120
6,580,118
$ 3,213,329
1,899,969
1,466,820
Total
Supporting
Services
25,201,514
12,953,895
907,723
1,434,530
5,431,102
945,241
414,493
263,850
781,522
436,065
843,562
789,531-
120,769,115
$ 72,111,914
20,516,649
28,140,552
Total
21,415,507
12,708,449
959,032
1,310,519
1,531,872
1,130,960
371,713
205,354
988,186
293,660
654,929
1,260,833
120,903,169
$ 71,912,565
20,146,998
28,843,606
Summarized
Comparative
Total
2006
$ 68,898,585
18,616,680
26,673,732
432,453
40,372
44,244
437,156
2007
Civil
Practice
114,188,997
2,933,166
Supporting Services
$ 11,442,631
3,663,663
4,716,475
11,405,446
799,158
1,158,944
5,332,916
924,243
412,373
263,850
258,125
395,603
799,318
245,510
Program Services
Juvenile
Rights
Practice
19,822,769
21,995,486
Pro Bono
Services
$ 13,128,847
4,690,329
5,670,404
2,904,349
191,991
258,489
332,815
315,415
10,848
4,930
23,787
50,508
150,782
50,335
Federal
Defender
Practice
23,489,580
4,294,249
Criminal
Defense
Practice
$ 44,327,107
10,262,688
16,286,853
1,370,214
189,600
273,110
1,586,544
159,239
163,594
39,009
74,242
83,692
169,993
40,287
Employee expenses:
Professional staff salaries
Support staff salaries
Fringe benefits and other employee costs
70,876,648
4,149,524
Total employee expenses
7,130,883
417,567
627,345
3,413,557
449,589
237,931
219,911
160,096
261,403
478,543
154,888
28,474,575
$ 190,250,994
$ 170,793,251
44,280,365
13,551,713
Other expenses:
Occupancy costs
Communications expenses
Office operating expenses
Purchases and leases of furniture and equipment
Law books and reference materials
Trial minutes
Cost of investigations and expert witnesses
Professional services
Transportation
Insurance
Other
$ 9,786,146
Total other expenses
$804,589
142,318,676
$ 8,981,557
145,970,629
44,280,365
$ 11,208,918
9,786,146
$ 180,464,848
$741,175
804,589
$ 44,280,365
$ 10,467,743
8,981,557
$ 44,280,365
$ 159,584,333
136,184,483
$ 24,117,018
$ 28,474,575
24,117,018
$ 27,639,104
$ 19,976,320
27,639,104
$ 25,085,030
84,428,361
$ 84,428,361
$ 2,750,122
Total 2007 expenses before contributed legal services
Total 2007 expenses
$ 83,298,286
Contributed legal services
Total 2006 expenses
4
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year ended June 30,
Cash flows from operating activities:
Change in net assets
Adjustments to reconcile change in net assets to net cash
provided by (used in) operating activities:
Amortization of deferred lease incentives
Amortization of deferred lease obligations
Depreciation and amortization
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments
Accrued pension liability and postretirement health and
life insurance benefits cost
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in receivables from grants and governmental contracts
Decrease in deferred charges and other assets
(Decrease) increase in accrued payroll and other employee expenses
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses
Decrease in program advances
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of investments
Purchase of investments
Purchases of property and equipment
Net cash used in investing activities
2007
2006
$ 19,435,481
$ 13,313,785
(634,584)
720,318
1,845,132
(200,815)
(634,580)
621,560
1,821,156
(13,143,423)
(16,836,823)
(3,000,210)
8,133
(870,791)
(760,155)
(873,209)
(6,393)
168,146
399,137
(1,945,721)
(1,090,159)
2,525,877
(4,189,892)
2,304,753
(3,093,608)
(155,562)
(60,789)
(56,156)
(944,417)
(116,945)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
1,581,460
(4,306,837)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
6,602,500
10,909,337
$ 8,183,960
$ 6,602,500
$ 4,919,943
1,197,150
$ 11,094,133
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
Supplemental Information
Noncash items included in the statement of activities:
Credit for minimum pension liability adjustment
Effect of adoption of FASB Statement No.158
5
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2007
1.
ORGANIZATION:
The Legal Aid Society (the "Society") is a not-for-profit corporation founded in
1876 to provide legal services to the indigent of New York City through a
number of operating practices. The Criminal Defense Practice, which provides
the majority of trial level public defender services in New York City as well as
Criminal Appeals, Parole Revocation and (prior to May 1, 2005) Capital Defense
services, is financed through contracts with the City and State of New York. The
Juvenile Rights Practice is financed principally through a contract with the
Office of Court Administration of the State of New York. The Civil Practice
relies on contracts with agencies of the City and the State of New York and
federal government, as well as on financial support from the public, including
foundations, law firms, corporations and individuals. The Federal Defender
Practice, which was funded entirely by a contract with the Administrative Office
of the United States Courts, separated from the Society on October 1, 2005.
Management does not expect the separation to have a significant impact on the
results of operations in future years.
Although the Society is not a governmental institution, it receives significant
program revenue and other support through government contracts that are
entered into on a periodic basis and are cancelable at any time. As a general rule,
those contracts provide revenue to cover expenses of funded programs where
there is a current cash cost associated with the expenses.
At June 30, 2007, the Society had a net asset deficiency of about $24,000,000
due to substantial accumulated liabilities associated with a variety of deferred
costs, including postretirement health and pension benefits, deferred
compensation and deferred lease obligations. This amount was about
$19,000,000 lower than at the end of the prior fiscal year. Through concerted
efforts of the board and management, the Society has taken a number of
significant steps to reduce those liabilities and to prevent any further build-up.
2.
SUMMARY OF
SIGNIFICANT
ACCOUNTING
POLICIES:
Basis of accounting - The financial statements of the Society have been
prepared on the accrual basis. In the statement of financial position, assets and
liabilities are presented in order of liquidity or conversion to cash and their
maturity resulting in the use of cash, respectively.
Financial statement presentation - The classification of a not-for-profit
organization's net assets and its support and revenue is based on the existence or
absence of donor-imposed restrictions. It requires that the amounts for each of
three classes of net assets - unrestricted, temporarily restricted and permanently
restricted - be displayed in a statement of financial position and that the amounts
of change in each of those classes of net assets be displayed in a statement of
activities.
6
June 30, 2007
The net assets of the Society and changes therein are classified and reported as
follows:
(i) Unrestricted
Unrestricted net assets represent those resources that are not subject to
donor restrictions. Unrestricted amounts may be designated by the board of
directors to cover any purposes determined by the Society.
(ii) Temporarily restricted
Net assets resulting from contrib utions and other inflows of assets whose
use by the Society is limited by donor-imposed stipulations that either
expire by passage of time or can be fulfilled and removed by actions of the
Society pursuant to those stipulations. When such stipulations end or are
fulfilled, such temporarily restricted net assets are reclassified to
unrestricted net assets and reported in the statement of activities.
(iii) Permanently restricted
Net assets resulting from contributions and other inflows of assets whose
use by the Society is limited by donor-imposed stipulations that neither
expire by passage of time nor can be fulfilled or otherwise removed by
actions of the Society.
Use of estimates - In preparing financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America,
management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenue and expenses
during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and cash equivalents - For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the
Society considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of
three months or less to be cash equivalents, except for such investments
purchased by the Society's investment managers as part of their long-term
investment strategies.
Investments - Investments in equity and debt securities are stated at their fair
values based on quoted market prices. Investment return is allocated among
unrestricted and temporarily restricted net assets, based on donor restrictions or
the absence thereof. Interest, dividends and net appreciation (depreciation) in
fair value of investments are included in investment return in the statement of
activities.
Property and equipment - Depreciation of property and equipment is computed
using the straight-line method and charged to expense over the estimated useful
lives of the assets, ranging primarily from 3 to 10 years. Property and equipment
acquired with certain government contract funds are recognized as expenses
pursuant to the terms of the contract in which the government funding source
retains ownership of the property.
7
June 30, 2007
Leasehold improvements are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset
or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter.
Program advances - Program advances represent advances from third parties
for services not yet performed.
Court awards for services - Fees are awarded by the courts for certain cases
handled by the Society. However, payment of such awards generally occurs in
years subsequent to the year in which the service was performed. As the amount
of awards earned in a year cannot be estimated, awards revenue is recognized
upon receipt.
Revenue and support - Contracts awarded by governmental agencies are
recognized as revenue in the unrestricted net asset class as the related services
are performed.
The Society records as revenue the following types of contributions when they
are received unconditionally, at fair value: cash, promises to give, certain
contributed services and gifts of long-lived assets and other assets. Conditional
contributions, including cost reimbursement grants, are recognized as support
when the conditions on which they depend have been substantially met.
Contributed services which consist of services provided by attorneys on a pro
bono basis are recorded as revenue and expenses at the fair value, based on the
attorneys' average billing rates.
A number of individuals have made a contribution of their time to serve on the
Society's board of directors. The value of their contributed time is not reflected
in the financial statements.
Contributions and promises to give - Contributions and promises to give are
recorded as revenue when either unsolicited cash is received or when donors
make a promise to give. Contributions and promises to give are classified either
as unrestricted, temporarily restricted or permanently restricted support, based on
the donor's intent.
Tax-exempt status - The Society is qualified as a Section 501(c)(3) tax-exempt
organization under Section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code (the "IRC") and,
accordingly, is not subject to federal income taxes. As a not-for-profit
organization, the Society is also exempt from New York State and New York
City sales and income taxes. The Society has been classified as a publicly
supported charitable organization under Section 509(a)(1) of the IRC and
qualifies for the maximum charitable contribution deduction for donors.
Functional allocation of expenses - The costs of providing the various
programs and other activities have been summarized in the statements of
activities and functional expenses. Accordingly, certain costs have been
allocated around the programs and supporting services benefited.
8
June 30, 2007
Concentration of credit risk - Financial instruments that potentially subject the
Society to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash
equivalents. At various times, the Society has cash deposits at financial
institutions which exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Corporation
insurance limits. The Society has not experienced any losses on these accounts.
Reclassifications - Certain prior-year balances have been reclassified to be
consistent with the current-year financial statement presentation.
The
reclassifications had no impact on changes in net assets.
Prior-year summarized comparative information - The accompanying
financial statements include certain prior-year summarized comparative
information in total but not by net asset class. Such information does not include
sufficient detail to constitute a presentation in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Accordingly,
such information should be read in conjunction with the Society's financial
statements for the year ended June 30, 2006, from which the summarized
information was derived.
Adoption of FASB Statement No. 158 - The credit to unrestricted net assets of
approximately $1,197,000 for 2007 resulted from the Society's adoption of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, Employers' Accounting
for Defined Benefit Pension and Other postretirement Plans - an amendment to
FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R), for its postretirement health and
life insurance benefits. FASB Statement No. 158 requires sponsors of single employer defined benefit plans to recognize the overfunded or underfunded
status of a defined benefit pension or postretirement plan as an asset or liability
in its statement of financial position, and to recognize changes in the funded
status in the year in which the changes occur, in the case of a not-for-profit
organization, such as the Society, through changes in unrestricted net assets.
3.
INVESTMENTS:
The fair value of the Society's investments consisted of the following:
June 30,
Cash equivalents
Fixed income securities
Equities
2007
2006
$ 796,912
834,342
1,482,023
$2,123,607
$3,113,277
$2,123,607
9
June 30, 2007
The return on investments shown in the accompanying statement of activities
consisted of the following:
Year ended June 30,
Interest and dividends
Realized gain
Unrealized gain
Investment fees
2007
2006
$609,577
45,412
155,403
(18,006)
$244,393
$792,386
$244,393
All of the Society's investment accounts at June 30, 2007 and 2006 are held at
one financial institution.
4.
CONTRIBUTIONS:
Contributions consisted of the following for each fiscal year:
June 30,
Contributions
Benefits and special events, net of related direct
expenses of $286,376 and $338,996, respectively
Bequests
5.
PROPERTY,
EQUIPMENT AND
LEASEHOLD
IMPROVEMENTS :
2007
2006
$10,366,988
$ 9,642,366
1,490,730
12,572
1,750,769
13,967
$11,870,290
$11,407,102
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are summarized as follows:
June 30,
2007
2006
Property and leasehold improvements
Furniture and equipment
$ 9,139,469
8,447,567
$ 9,146,937
8,284,537
Less accumulated deprecia tion and amortization
17,587,036
(9,918,168)
17,431,474
(8,073,036)
$ 7,668,868
$ 9,358,438
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment amounted to
$1,845,132 and $1,821,156 for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2007 and 2006,
respectively.
10
June 30, 2007
6.
COMMITMENTS:
As of June 30, 2007, annual future minimum lease payments, which exclude
payments based on pass-through expenses and escalations under noncancelable
operating leases for all of the Society's facilities, are approximately as follows:
Year ending June 30,
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Thereafter
$ 8,900,000
8,600,000
9,000,000
9,100,000
8,800,000
90,200,000
$134,600,000
Several leases for office space contain escalation clauses related to the lessor's
real estate taxes, utilities and other building operating expenses. Rental expense
was approximately $9,008,000 and $9,103,000 for the years ended June 30, 2007
and 2006, respectively.
The Society received net incentives from certain landlords of approximately
$12,692,000 for the purchase of furniture and equipment and leasehold
improvements, which is included in deferred lease obligations and lease
incentives in the accompanying statement of financial position and is being
amortized over 20 years, the term of the respective leases.
7.
TEMPORARILY
RESTRICTED AND
PERMANENTLY
RESTRICTED
NET ASSETS:
Temporarily restricted net assets at each fiscal year-end were available for certain
program activities.
Net assets released from restrictions due to satisfaction of time and purpose
restrictions amounted to $2,460,000 and $2,830,000 during the years ended
June 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Permanently restricted net assets are restricted to investment in perpetuity.
Income from permanently restricted investment funds provides support for
programmatic and general purposes.
8.
EMPLOYEE
BENEFIT PLANS:
Substantially all employees of the Society are covered by either The Legal Aid
Society Retirement Plan (the "Retirement Plan"), a defined benefit plan, or by
defined contribution plans. The defined contribution plans relate to staff
attorneys and other employees who are covered by union contracts entered into
by the Society under collective bargaining agreements. The Retirement Plan
relates to the Society's remaining employees.
Retirement Plan benefits are generally based upon years of service and salary of
the employee, as defined. The assets of the Retirement Plan consist primarily of
corporate bonds and equities. Effective July 1, 1999, the Society amended its
Retirement Plan to include a cash balance feature and a lump-sum option. On
11
June 30, 2007
November 30, 2004, the Society froze the accumulation of Retirement Plan
benefits as part of its restructuring program. A new defined contribution plan for
management and exempt employees was established effective December 1, 2004.
The Society recognized contribution expenses related to this new plan of
approximately $1,348,000 and $1,296,000 in 2007 and 2006, respectively.
The Society also has other postretirement benefit plans covering substantially all
its employees. The Society funds its postretirement benefits other than pensions
on a pay-as-you-go basis. Such benefits consist of medical, dental, vision and
life insurance premiums
June 30,
Accumulated benefit
obligation at June 30
Settlement
Pension Benefits
2007
2006
$73,975,244
$ 76,460,577
(3,474,552)
$ 15,353,119
$13,318,150
$73,975,244
$ 72,986,025
$ 15,353,119
$13,318,150
$ 87,320,099
$ 13,318,150
324,454
883,899
$15,468,116
387,422
763,401
1,872,220
(4,054,227)
(292,308)
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at
beginning of year
$72,986,025
Service cost
Interest cost
4,440,160
Amendments
Actuarial loss (gain)
1,474,377
Curtailment
Settlement
Benefits paid
(4,925,318)
Benefit obligation at
end of year
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets
at beginning of year
Actual return on plan
assets
Employer contributions
Benefits paid
Expenses paid
Fair value of plan assets
at end of year
Postretirement
Health and Life
Insurance Benefits
2007
2006
4,336,265
(11,742,812)
1,600,260
1,910,571
(8,838,098)
(773,644)
$73,975,244
$ 72,986,025
$ 15,353,119
$13,318,150
$58,557,487
$ 56,228,387
$
$
10,906,130
7,767,586
(4,925,318)
(732,103)
4,791,689
7,467,279
(8,838,098)
(1,091,770)
$71,573,782
$ 58,557,487
$
773,644
(773,644)
-0-
(826,474)
$
826,474
(826,474)
- 0-
12
June 30, 2007
Pension Benefits
2007
2006
June 30,
Funded status
Unrecognized prior
service cost
Unrecognized net
actuarial loss (gain)
Postretirement
Health and Life
Insurance Benefits
2007
2006
$ (2,401,462)
$(14,428,538)
4,989,503
$ 2,588,041
$(15,353,119)
$(13,318,150)
(1,804,358)
(2,168,389)
9,909,446
607,208
(982,927)
$ (4,519,092)
$(16,550,269)
$(16,469,466)
$(14,428,538)
$(15,353,119)
$(16,469,466)
Amounts recognized in the
statement of financial
position consist of:
Accrued benefit liability
Costs/(benefits) not yet
recognized in
periodic costs
Net
$(2,401,462)
4,989,503
$ 2,558,041
Components of net periodic
benefit cost :
Discount rate
Expected return on
plan assets
Service cost
Expense cost
Interest cost
Expected return on
plan assets
Amortization of prior
service cost
Recognized actuarial
loss
Amortization of losses
Curtailment gain
Settlement
Net periodic cost
9,909,446
$ (4,519,092)
6.25%
5.25%
8.50%
8.50%
(1,197,150)
$(16,550,269)
6.25%
$
$
500,000
4,440,160
(4,773,843)
494,136
$
$(16,469,466)
500,000
4,336,265
324,454
5.25%
$
387,422
883,899
763,401
(364,031)
(370,070)
10,124
44,710
(172,639)
(4,734,508)
1,065,333
731,148
$
660,453
$ 1,898,238
$
854,446
$
652,824
13
June 30, 2007
Weighted-average assumptions to determine benefit obligations for pension and
postretirement health and life insurance at:
June 30,
2007
Discount rate
Expected return on pension plan assets
6.25%
8.50%
2006
6.25%
8.50%
The projected benefit obligation was actuarially determined using an assumed
discount rate of 6.25%.
Assumed healthcare cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts
reported for the healthcare plans. For measurement purposes, the assumed rate of
future increase in healthcare was 9% in 2007 and 10% in 2006. The 9% rate in
2007 is expected to gradually decline to 4.5% over a five-year period.
The effect of a one-percentage point increase in the healthcare cost trend rate on
year-end postretirement health and life insurance benefit obligation and total
service and interest cost components for the year ended June 30, 2007 is as
follows:
Year-end postretirement health and life insurance
benefit obligation
Total of service and interest cost components
$1,670,000
172,000
Curtailment resulted from the voluntary termination program for nonunion
employees. Settlement expenses resulted from a higher than estimated rate of
employees selecting the lump-sum option for distribution.
The amounts recorded in the 2007 financial statements include the effects of the
Society's adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158,
Employers' Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension Plan and Other
Postretirement Plans - an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and
132(R), effective for fiscal years ending after June 15, 2007 (for all nonpublic
entities). The amount recorded in the 2007 statement of activities for the
adoption of FASB Statement No. 158 includes the recognition of the following
amounts pursuant to the Society's postretirement health and life insurance benefit
plan:
Previously unrecognized net actuarial loss
Prior servic e cost credit
$ 607,208
(1,804,358)
$ 1,197,150
14
June 30, 2007
The following table summarizes the incremental effect of the initial adoption of
FASB Statement No. 158 on the individual line items in the statement of
financial position at June 30, 2007:
Before
Application of
FASB No. 158
After
Application of
FASB No. 158
Adjustment
Accrued postretirement health and life
insurance benefits cost
$16,550,269
$(1,197,150)
$15,353,119
Total net asset deficiency
$25,196,986
$(1,197,150)
$23,999,836
The Society expects to contribute $500,000 to its defined benefit plan and
$842,000 to it postretirement benefit plan in fiscal year 2008.
The following benefit payments which reflect expected future service, as
appropriate, are expected to be paid as follows:
Year ending June 30,
Pension
Benefits
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013-2017
$ 6,250,000
6,750,000
6,440,000
6,850,000
6,170,000
28,200,000
Postretirement
Health and
Life Insurance
Benefits
$ 842,000
878,000
923,000
956,000
982,000
5,185,000
The asset allocation of the Retirement Plan at June 30 is as follows:
June 30,
Pension Benefits
2007
2006
Asset category:
Cash
Equity securities
$71,573,782
$
1,315
58,556,172
Total
$71,573,782
$58,557,487
Postretirement
Health and Life
Insurance Benefits
2007
2006
15
June 30, 2007
The Society also makes contributions to union-sponsored defined contribution
plans in accordance with the provisions of negotiated labor contracts. Such
contributions are based on employee compensation, as defined. The Society
recorded expenses totaling approximately $4,310,000 in 2007 and $3,568,000 in
2006, related to such plans.
In addition, the Society accounts for long-term disability benefits in accordance
with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 112, Employers'
Accounting for Postemployment Benefits. The costs recognized in fiscal years
2007 and 2006 amounted to approximately $356,000 and $390,000, respectively.
9.
CONTINGENCIES:
There are a number of pending legal actions against the Society which, in the
opinion of management, will not result in material loss to the Society.
Certain grants and contracts may be subject to audit by the funding sources.
Such audits might result in disallowances of costs submitted for reimbursement.
Management is of the opinion that such cost disallowances, if any, will not have
a material effect on the accompanying financial statements. Accordingly, no
amounts have been provided in the accompanying financial statements for such
potential claims.
16
1/2/08
3:23 PM
Page 1
The Legal Aid Society employees who make a difference in people’s lives everyday.
Legal Aid Society Employees as of 10/9/07 Richard Abraham,Hassan Adan, Samantha Adomaitis, David Affler, Shailly Agnihotri, Gregory Ajose, Amy Albert, Natalie Albert, Todd
Albert, Elisa Albo, George Albro, Esperanza Alcarese, Michael Alcarese, Myra Alcarese, Melissa Alejandro, Rita Alejandro, Anju Alexander, Gary Alexion, Ronald Alfano, Marianne
Allegro, Zoe Allen, Juan Alonzo, Yakub Aminov, Ayisha Amjad, Carlos Anazagasty ,Mary Anderson, Sharon Anderson, Tareek Anderson, Melinda Andra, Alison Andruszkewicz,
Megan Annitto, Jojo Annobil, Carmine Annunziato, Bahar Ansari, Sylvia Anserian, Kenneth Ansley, Sonia Antonetti, Jose Aponte, Solmerina Aponte, Ruth Appadoo-Johnson,
Rigodis Appling, Noha Arafa, Andrea Armstrong, William Artus, Ann Ascher, Daniel Ashworth, Afua Atta-Mensah, John Audain, Edward Auffant, Lynda Augente, Germaine
Auguste, Schency Augustin, Garrett Austin, Elenor Austrie, Nicole Avery, Amy Avila, Alan Axelrod, Jose Ayala, Maria Ayora, Carly Baetz-Stangel, Susan Bahn, Sharon Bailey,
Tejinder Bains, Allison Baker, Caleb Baker, Japheth Baker, Buffy Baldridge, Michael Baldwin,Vanda Ballard, Steven Banks,William Banks, Erin Bannister, Priscilla Barbot, Jeanne
Barenholtz, Chennette Barreto, Eric Barreto, Elizabeth Barroso, Richard Barton, Jessica Bash, Patricia Bath, Howard Baum, Jennifer Baum, Lizzie-Anne Beal, Sakeena Beaulieu,
Marka Belinfanti, Lara Belkin, Jerilyn Bell, Christine Bella,Valerie Bell-Bey, Franklin Belle, Jessica Bellinder, Bernard Bellinger, Ruthlyn Belnavis, Joshua Benjamin, Fredric Bennett,
Stephen Bennett, Timothy Bennett, Michelle Benoit, Marisa Benton, Allison Berger, Juan Beritan, Steven Berko, Jeffrey Berman, Jerrold Berman, Matthew Berman, Simone
Berman-Rossi, James Bernal, Jamie Bernstein, Lillian Berrios, Joyce Betances, Robert Bickel, Charles Billups,Tracey Bing-Hampson, Barbara Blake, Charles Blakeley, Faith Bland,
Evanjeline Blue, Richard Blum, Joshua Blumenfeld, Jane Sujen Bock, Sarah Bodack, Marlen Bodden, Silvana Boggia,William Boggs, Anna Boksenbaum,Thomas Bomba, Sharon
Bomzer, Bonnie Bonica, David Boone, Robert Bornstein, John Boston, Heidi Bota, Evelyn Bovell, Norah Bowler, Laura Boyd, Precious Boyd, Katherine Bradley, Adrienne Branch,
Joni Brandon, Jenny Braun Friedman, Carol Braund, Edward Braunstein, Bonnie Brennan, Kathleen Brennan, Suroujlal Bridgelal, Kamber Brisbane, Mitchell Briskey, Christine
Brito, Dolores Britt, Kissa Broadie, Katherine Brodsky, Leslie Brody, Nicole Bromberg, J. Lorch Brooks, James Brown, Kenya Brown, Violet Brown, Gretchen Brownscheidle, Ilissa
Brownstein, Kristin Bruan, Aishah Bruno, Courtney Bryan, Marjorie Bryson, Rosemary Buckmon, Robert Budner, Desiree Buenzle, Roulston Bumbury,Vanessa Burdick, Benjamin
Burger, Regina Burgio, Carmen Burgos, Jennifer Burkavage,Thomas Burrows, Katherine Burton, Helene Busby, Susan Butani, Jane Byrialsen, Barbara Byrne, Edmund Byrnes, Luis
Caballero, Pedro Caban, Harry Cadet, Heidi Cain, Kristen Calabrese, Elisabeth Calcaterra, Yolande Calder, Reinaldo Calderon, Anne Callagy, Glenda Callender, Irma Camacho,
Sonia Cancel-Ortiz, Alan Canner, Eneida Carbonell, Matthew Caretto, Helena Carmona, William Carney, Bruce Carpenter, Carol Carter, Connie Carter, Veronica Carullo, Bernette
Carway-Spruiell, Olivia Cassin, Iris Castellanos,Victor Castelli, Molly Catchen, Alexa Cato, Nancy Cavaluzzi, Naomi Cavanaugh, Keith Cavet, Ana Cecilio, Ferdinand Cesarano, Cara
Chambers, Lorna Chan, Peter Chapman, Juan Charbonier, Richard Charney, Jonathan Chasan, Susan Chase, Abida Chaudhry, Steven Chavez, Jonathan Chazen, Catherine Chen,
Charlie Cheng,Wai-Hong Cheng,Vanessa Cherena, Jenny Cheung, Rebecca Chevalier,Toe-Fun Chia, Maria Chiu, Nora Christenson, James Chubinsky, Javier Chuck, Erica Cioffero,
David Clarke, Lance Clarke, James Clayton,Thomas Cleary,William Cleary, Susan Clement,Vilma Clerge, John Clinkscale, Bryan Coakley, Antonia Codling, Dana Cohen, Emily Cohen,
Matthew Cohen, Jennifer Cohn, Patricia Colella, Kevin Coleman, Alexis Collentine, Charles Collier,Tara Collins, Esperanza Colon, George Colon, Jiovani Colon, Maria Colon, Joann
Colon-Cimino, Cynthia Colt, Johari Commodore, Elaine Conklin, David Conn, Megan Conroy, Claudia Conway, Emma Cooper-Serber, Jordan Copeland, Virginia Cora-Gabriel,
Shelley Correy, Antoinette Costanzo,William Cotto, Joyce Couvares, Stephen Coyne, Protasio Crawford, Daniela Crespo, Brian Crow, David Crow, Miguel Cruz,Victor Cruz, Juanita
Cruz-Cataquet, Meghan Cuomo, Seth Curkin, Thomas Curtis, Elizabeth Daily, Selene D'Alessio, Olayinka Dan-Salami, Dawn Dapelo, Erin Darcy, Jacques David, Ellen Davidson,
Terence Davidson, Edgar Davila, Nora Davila, Patricia Davis, Genitha Davis-Wint, Lauren De Bellis,Teresa De Fonso, Francesca De Graff, Francisco De Jesus, Jason De Jesus, Nelson
De Jesus, Barbara Deadwyler, Jacqueline Deane, Warren Deans, Deborah Dearth, Natalie Deduke, Gerard Deenihan, Lina Del Plato, Carmen Del Valle, Christine Delince, Jeffrey
Dellheim, Christine Dell'isloa-Ruggiero, Lonette Dennard, George Depountis, Robert Desir, Sidney Desjardin, Emily Di Biase, Angela Di Corleto, Richard Di Marco, Hilda Diaz,
Laurel Dick, Joannah Dickinson, Ellen Dille, Ellen Dinerstein, Vernon Dixon, Lucretia Dobson, Rachel Dole, Natalya Dolub, Michelle Domena, Madeline Domenech, Denise
Dominguez, Lisa Donchak, Lauren Donnelly, Amy Donner-Schwartz, Francis Donovan, Melodie Donovan, Nicole D'Orazio, Cassandra Dorvil, Alyse Dosik, Kisha Douglas, Erin
Dow, Felicia Drewery, Karen Dubin-McKnight, Dionne Dublin, Shavonn DuBois, Jacqueline Duboulay, John Duffy, Monica Dula, Laura Duran, Bernard Durham, Lyndsey Dussling,
Suvra Dutta, Jacek Dziembaj, Le Shawn Earl, Cecilio Eastman,Victoria Eby, Susan Edelstein, Mira Edmonds, Alanda Edwards, Lisa Edwards, Marcia Egger, Felicia Ehrlich, Andrew
Eibel, Nancy Eibel, Julius Eingoren, Kerry Elgarten, Anthony Elitcher, Claudia Emanuel, Uchenna Emeagwali,Theresa Emeterio, Jeanne Emhoff, Elizabeth Emmons, James Ende,
Kathleen Engst, Susan Epstein, Lindsay Ernst, Jana Ertrachter, Lourdes Escobar, Nidia Espaillat,Theresa Esposito, Belinda Etienne, Jonathan Ettinger, Dwan Ewell, Denise Fabiano,
Stephen Falla-Riff, Allen Fallek, Karen Faraguna, Allen Farbman, Anthony Farley, Lisa Farray,Trelinda Farrer, Briana Fedele, Carol Fegan, Michelle Fegan, Martin Feinman, Louise
Feld, Danielle Feman, Harold Ferguson, Israel Fermin, Beatriz Fernandez, Sheilah Fernandez, Aida Ferrer Leisenring, Ana , aria Ferrin, Craig Fielding, Leanne Fields, Edna Figueroa,
Lillian Figueroa, Japel Filiaci, Andrew Fine, Oscar Finkel, Kenneth Finkelman, Cheryl Fisher, David Fisher, Katherine Fitzer, Katherine Fleet, Golda Fleischman, Vera Fletcher,
Monique Fleury-, rown, Elisa Flight, Husein Flight, Diana Flores, Gladys Flores, Josephine Flores, Richard Flores,Yvonne Floyd-Mayers, Megan Foley, Danielle Follett, Edna Fonfrias,
Jacqueline Ford, Janet Forrester, Kimberly Forte, Allan Fox, Michelle Fox, Norma Frade, Robin Frankel, Melinda Fraser, Angel Frau, Demetra Frazier, Dale Frederick, Gregory Freed,
Lisa Freedman, Lisa Freeman, Diego Freire, Helen Frieder, Oda Friedheim, Alan Friedman, Bruce Friedman, David Friedman, David Fritz, Julie Fry, Mark Futral, George Gabriel,
Victoria Gagliano, Frances Gallagher, Caitlin Galliker, Erin Galvin, Alyssa Gamliel, Adrienne Gantt, Margaret Garber-Steinberg, Belkys Garcia, Harinda Garcia, Laureen Garcia, Maria
Garcia, Omar Garcia, Jonathan Garelick, Elizabeth Garrett, Margaret Garrett, Christine Gau, Giana Gaudelli, Sekeena Gavagan, Cedric Gayle, Nada Geha, Gail Geltman, Ulex
George, Diego Gerardi, Logan Germick, Samuel Getz, Christina Giardino, Francis Gibbons, William Gibney, Susan Gibson-, 'Gara, Patricia Gil, Sarah Gillman, Nancy Ginsburg,
Ernest Giordani, Monica Givens, Andrea Glenn, Charles Glover, Melissa Gluck, Steven Godeski, John Godfrey, Keisha Godfrey, Clara Goetz, Bonnie Goldburg, Steven Golden,
Joshua Goldfein, Judith Goldiner, Ira Goldner, Matthew Goldsmith, Cathy Goldstein, Jessica Goldthwaite, Chandra Gomes, Gregory Gomez, Aurea Gonzalez, Eva Gonzalez,
Gretchen Gonzalez, Maria Gonzalez, Rolando Gonzalez, Alan Gordon, Andrea Gordon, Carlie Gordon, Ramona Gordon, Martin Gorfinkel,Theresa Gorski, Maxwell Gould,Vincent
Graci, Holly Graham, Herbert Grant, James Graves, Donald Gray, Katiuscia Gray, Burt Grayman, Marshall Green, Michelle Green, Daniel Greenbaum, Gary Greenberg, Ivan GreerCarty, Pamela Griffith, Seth Gross, Gerald Grossman, Marla Grossman, Adam Grumbach, Carolina Guacci, Nidia Guadalupe, Jamie Guggenheim, Kristi Guigliano-Breloff, Laurence
Gurwitch, Karen Gutheil, Laura Guthrie, Donna Haase, Cynthia Hackett, Joshua Hadas, Jason Hadley, Sameera Hafiz, Michael Hahn, Justin Haines, William Hair, Adrienne Hale,
Reginald Haley, Coleen Hall, Marlene Halpern, Karen Hamberlin, Karen Hambrick, Junior Hamilton, Monique Harding, Robert Harold, Elon Harpaz, Juanita Harris, Judith Harris,
Peter Hart, Jo-Ann Hassan, Adam Hassuk, Michele Hauser, Amy Hausknecht, Lawrence Hausman, Matthew Hawkins, Wanjuri Hawkins, Elizabeth Hay, Zandra Haywood, Lauren
Headley, Mattie Heath, John Hecht, Robert Heilbrun, Lester Helfman, Donna Henken, Alba Hernandez, Ariel Hernandez, Luis Hernandez, Luz Hernandez, Manuela Hernandez,
Olga Hernandez, Lucy Herschel, Adam Heyman, Elizabeth Hibbard, Sarah Hibbert, Peggy Hickman, Michael Higgins, Eric Hildebrand, Deborah Hill, Joanna Hinkley, John Hirsch,
Karen Hirsch, Barbara Ho, Yvonne Hobbs, Carol Hochberg, Beth Hofmeister, Adriene Holder, Bridgett Holloman, Mark Holloman, Jacqueline Holmes, Linda Holmes, Amy Hong,
Evalina Hooks, Arthur Hopkirk, Davim Horowitz, Gwyneth Horton, Rita Horvath, Susan Horwitz, Diarmuid Houston, Samuel Howell, Suzanne Hoyes, Daniel Hsiung, Yvonne
Huaringa, Dorothy Hubbard, Kate Huber, Clinton Hughes, Adira Hulkower, Ronald Hurrey, Michael Hurson, Brian Hutchinson, Andrea Ibrahim, Carolyn Im, Andrew Inella, Natasha
Ingram, Charles Ippolito, Blondell Irick, Yolanda Irizarry, Celia Irvine, Svetlana Isakov, Sigmund Israel, Kenneth Ives, Rebecca Ivry, Richard Jack, Barrett Jackson, Lois Jackson,
Rosemarie Jackson, Shirley Jackson, Sophie Jacobi, Michelle Jacobs, Robert Jacovetti, Lynda Jahn, Seymour James, Tanika James, Patricia Jeffery, Kam , ing Jim, Sunny Jo,
Antoinette Johnson, Carolyn Johnson, Clyde Johnson, Duane Johnson, Jamal Johnson, Kendea Johnson, Kevin Johnson, Nadine Johnson, Thomas Johnson, Travis Johnson,
Gregory Johnston, Jessica Jones, Lasalle Jones, Peter Jones, Willie Jones, Allison Jordan, Richard Joselson, Gina Joseph, Seema Joshi, Maria Joza, Shannon Kahle, Alan Kahn,
Karen Kalikow, Anna Kalliagas, Carolyn Kalos, Tracy Kaminetsky, James Kampil, Melissa Kanas, Rosy Kandathil, Sandeep Kandhari, Emily Kane, Benjamin Kanstroom, Brian
Kanzaki, Emily Kaplan, Melissa Kaplan, Stephanie Kaplan, David Kapner, Robin Karasyk, Thalia Karny, Sheryl Karp, Judith Karpatkin, Andrew Katz, Martin Katz, Mitchell Katz,
Rebecca Kavanagh, Kathleen Kelleher, Brian Kelly,Tina Kemp-Bland, Melvin Kenny, Andrea Kenoff, Carl Kent, Sarah Kerr, Eve Kessler, Cynthia Keyser-Posner, Saleem Khan, Afsane
Khot, Mary Hye Kyung Kim, Mihea Kim, Emily Kimball, Evadne Kinear, Karen Kipnes, Doreen Kirwan, Emily Kitay,Thomas Klein, Steven Kliman, Helen Kloogman, Robert Knightly,
Lisa Koinig,Teresa Kominos, Bridget Kong, Coreen Kopper, Joyce Korn, Svetlana Kornfeind, Daniella Korotzer, Estajo Koslow, Susan Kriete, Nanette Kripke, David Kulick, Rebecca
Kurti, Candace Kurtz, Cynthia La Caprucia, Diane La Gamma, Jack Lachman, Michele Lam, Stacy Lam, Brian Lamb, Christopher Lamb, Lori Landowne, Peter Lane, Josette Lang,
Patrick Langhenry, Kevin Lapp, Julie Last, Leigh Latimer, Julia Lau, Ellen Lauter, Patricia Lavelle, Joseph Lavine, Lisa Lavitt, Simone Lawson, Valerie Le Brew, Joann Le Bright, Carl
Leacock, Amber Leaders, Felicia Leak, Robyn Lear, Alan Lebenbaum, Hamilton Lee, Hwan-Hui Lee, Jeff Lee,Young Lee, Benjamin Leftin, Joanne Legano-, oss, Andrew Lehrer, Nykia
Leigh, Sabieta Lekhraj, Janet Lemaire, Marty Lentz, Adrian Lesher, William Lesman, Michael Letwin, Clifford Levin, Steven Levine, Robin Levinson-Zalewski, Renee Leviton, Jane
Levitt, Eric Levy, Ezra Levy, Kristin Lew, Allison Lewis, Donna Lewis, Dorothy Lewis, Jasmin Lewis, Jennifer Lewis, Michael Lewis, Amy Licht, Laura Lieberman-Cohen, Susan Light,
Vicki Light, Justin Lim, Beile Lindner, Lawrence Linzer, Erin Liotta, Alan Lippel, Susan Litt, Nancy Little, Paul Liu, Kathryn Liverani, Tasha Lloyd, Amanda Lockshin, Melissa Loehr,
John Lombardo, Michele Lombardo, Armando Lopez, Graciela Lopez, Melinda Lopez, Zoraida Lopez, Jean Louis, Kesha Louis, Marianna Lowenfeld, Allison Lowy, Roza Loziner, Adam
Lubow, Martin Lucente, Gordon Ludwig, Sheree Lukowicz, Renate Lunn, Justine Luongo, Diane Lutwak, Leonard Lynch, Steven Lynch, Douglas Lyons, Lorraine Maddalo, Anya
Maddow-Zimet, Christopher Madiou, Jacob Madubuko, Alma Magana, Kevin Major, Xinmia Malave,Yvette Malave, Rudolph Maldonado,Wilfredo Maldonado, Eileen Malunowicz,
Shreya Mandal, Andrew Mandel, Bediaku Manin, Marco Marinez, Russell Markham, Ilana Marmon, Maud Maron, Nizaly Marrero, Brad Martin, Margaret Martin, Conway Martindale,
Jocelyne Martinez, Jose Martinez, Mariella Martinez, , Maximino Martinez, Mildred Martinez, Marianela Martinez-Echevarria, Elaine Martinez-, rtega, Katheryne Martone, James
Martorano, Jonathan Marvinny, Lori Masco, Irma Mason, Bobette Masson-Churin,Titus Mathai, Nancy Matos-Rodriguez, Alexandra Matta Quinones, Julia Mattson,Walter Mayott,
Edward Mayr, Prudencio Maysonet, Eileen Mc Cann, Edward Mc Carthy, Margaret Mc Clean, Colette Mc Crae, Dorothy Mc Donald-Starace, Lorraine Mc Evilley, Deborah Mc Gee,
Edna Mc Goldrick, Amelia Mc Govern, Patricia Mc Govern, Melissa Mc Grane, Caroline Mc Grath, Sheneka Mc Kenzie Sage, Irmin Mc Kenzie, Acola Mc Knight, Tanisha Mc Knight,
Kim Mc Laurin, James Mc Queeney, Peter Mc Shane, Meighan McSherry, Regan Mc Williams, Steven Mechanic, Samuel Medina, Eric Meggett, Stacy Meisner, Samuel Mejias, Irene
Melendez, Luisa Melian, Stanley Melnick, Caroline Meng, Nisha Menon, Jennifer Menscik, Margarita Menuar, Sonia Mercado, Fern Merenstein, Claire Merkine, Amy Meselson,
Carly Meyer, Henry Meyer, Katherine Meyer, Richard Meyerson, Jennifer Michaelson, Ezra Miller, Joseph Miller, Guy Mills, Saundra Mills, Tatyana Mints, Steven Miraglia, Bahar
Mirhosseini, Heather Misterka, Dawne Mitchell, Peter Mitchell, Vera Mitchell, Renee Mittler, Robert Moeller, Kate Mogulescu, Khadija Mohamed, Cesar Molina, Cynthia MolinaSantos, Marie Mombrun, Michael Monaghan, Curtis Moner, Edwin Montano, Paul Montgomery, Melinda Montondo, Claudia Montoya, S Moody, Daniel Moore, David Moore,
Hermine Moore, Michael Moore, Mara Moradoff, Ana Morales, Edward Morales, Jose Morales, Lorca Morello, Amanda Moretti, Florence Morgan, Martin Morris, Siobhan Morris,
Susan Morris, Roslyn Morrison, Colleen Morrissey,Theresa Moser, Magnus Mukoro, Nicole Mull, Katherine Mullen, Luanne Muller, Kerry Mulvihill, Amy Mulzer, Helen Munro, Sarah
Munro, Fay Munro-Cole, Dennis Murphy, Donald Murphy, Joyce Murphy, Michael Murphy, Eileen Murphy-Zadoff, Makela Murray, Michael Murray, Stephen Myers, Anyika Nance,
Sherry Narodick, Bharati Narumanchi, Lorin Nathan, Maria Navarro, John Needham, Zachary Neeley, Jose Negron, Kenwyn Nelson, Sheila Nelson, William Nelson, Edda Ness,
Patricia Nevergold, April Newbauer, John Newbery, Lucy Newman, Robert Newman, Elizabeth Newton, William Nicholas, Yvonne Nicks, Kathleen Niejadlik, Anna Niewdach,
Yvonne Nix, Thomas Nixon-Friedheim, Michelle Noah, Frantz Noel, Sateesh Nori, Linda Norona, Russell Novack, Edwin Novillo, John Novoa, Joanna Nowokunski, Grace ObomaLayat, Kevin O'Brien,Thomas O'Brien, David Ocasio, Judy Ocasio, John O'Connell, Niamh O'Flaherty, Oona O'Flaherty, Scott O'Gara, Sydney O'Hagan, Heather O'Hayre,Ward Oliver,
Milagros Oliveras, Efrain Olmo, Jeffrey Olshansky, Margaret O'Marra, Esere Onaodowan, Lisa Orloff, Natalie Orr, Rosalie Orta, Elsie Ortiz, Kate Paek, Erin Palacios, Lisa Palanjian,
Tina Palazzo, Megan Palmer, Girish Panchal, Damjan Panovski, Ivan Pantoja, Lovesun Parent, Crystal Parham, Latania Parham, Eun Hai Park, Jenny Park, Sandra Park, Sean
Parmenter, Michael Pate, Sunita Patel, Vanessa Paugh, Emily Paul, Joshua Paulson, Diane Pazar, Harold Peaks, Alan Peck, Robert Peck, Rachel Peckerman, Arthur Peeples, Henry
Peets, Sandra Pemberton, Anne Pentola, Mary Peppito, Arthur Perahia, Joshua Perez, Ricardo Perez, Michael Perkins, Cornelius Perry, Pamela Ann Peters,Teers Peterson, Polixene
Petrakopoulos, Hollis Pfitsch, Vance Phillip, Vincent Phillips, Valeria Philpot, James Pierce, Asia Pina, Jenniffer Pinales, Michael Pineiro, Monica Pinnock, Mary Pinto, Salvatore
Pisano, Christopher Pisciotta, James Pitt, Laura Pitter, Lisa Pitts, Jean Pizzini, Alvin Player, Mia Plehn, Steven Plotkin, Stephen Pokart, Aaron Pollack, Deborah Pollack, Robert
Pollitto, Gene Popowytsch, Allen Popper, Dawn Post, Linda Postell, Laura Potter-Cahn, Linda Poust Lopez, Ashwani Prabhakar, Frederic Pratt, Zenobia Prattis-Montgomery, JoAnn Pratts, Judith Preble, Norma Prescod, Gabrielle Prisco, Risa Procton, Dominic Profaci, Elizabeth Pruser, Gene Pudberry, Noemi Puntier, Galina Pyetranker,Veronica Quinones,
Jennifer Quintana, Lillian Quintana, Kristal Ragbir, Patricia Ragone, Karena Rahall, Amber Ramanauskas, Jasmine Ramirez-Burgos, Ushadevi Ramjit, Stephanie Ramos, Yolanda
Ramos, Aida Ramos-Herrera, Mitha Rao, Michael Raskin, Kyla Ratliff, Georgia Rattray-Gray, Philip Rauch, Kai-lin Rausch, Donald Ray, Ora Raymore-Kenlock, Natalie Bocca Rea,
Michael Rehm,Victoria Reichman, Marcus Reina, Sara Reisberg, Alison Reisner, Brendan Relyea, Jane Remler,Wendy Remy, Luz Requena-Rangel, Kenny Rey, Jessica Reyes, Marie
Lathie Reyes, Mary Ellen Reyes, Alex Reznik, Michael Ricci, Aisha Richard, Bruce Richardson, Cassandra Richardson, Joseph Richardson, Marie Richardson, Jeffrey Richman,Tasha
Ricks, Katie Ringer, Michael Riou, Katarina Ristic, Cristina Ritchie, Jennifer Ritter, Alfredo Rivera, Arnaldo Rivera, Edwin Rivera, Janet Rivera, Jeffrey Rivera, Migdalia Rivera, Nicholas
Rivera, Ricardo Rivera, William Rivera, Yvette Rivera, Yevgeniya Rivkina, Jeffrey Rizzo, Lauren Roberts, Joan Robinson, Kasandra Robinson, Yolanda Robles, Hara Robrish, Nicole
Rochat, Natasha Roche, Evan Rock, Ana Rodriguez, Angela Rodriguez, Carmen Rodriguez, Celena Rodriguez, Lia Rodriguez, Miriam Rodriguez, Osvaldo Rodriguez, Elana Roffman,
Gwendolyn Rogers, Patricia Rogers, Raymond Rogers, Jacob Rolls, Jonathan Roman, Luis Roman, Lurica Roman, Rosemary Roman-Hare-Bey, Antoinette Romano,Vincent Romano,
Cristina Romero, Michael Rooney, Ismael Rosa, Mily Rosa, Armando Rosado, Jose Rosado, Eve Rosahn, Sylvia Rosario, Magda Rosa-Rios, Laura Rosen, Mimi Rosenberg, Scott
Rosenberg, Nancy Rosenbloom, Gertrude Rosenfeld, Gregory Rosenfeld, Mary Ross, Timothy Rountree, Ralph Roye, Gail Rozansky, Emily Ruben, Michael Ruben, Brett Rubin,
Stanley Rubin, Paulette Rubinsky, Scott Rudnick, Hector Ruiz, Ines Ruiz, Deborah Fox Rush, Judith Russell, Laura Russell, Dawn Ryan, Theodora Saal, Janet Sabel, Elizabeth Sack
Felber, Ellen Sacks, Diana Salierno, Jacqueline Samuels-, affee, Dario Sanchez,Wanda Sanchez-Day, Gloria Sanders, Ronald Sanders, Sara Sanders, Antoinette Sands, Nilsa Saniel,
Marlene Santana, Carol Santangelo, Mary Santiago, Evelyn Santiago-Valdez, Ekaterini Saoulis, Eugene Sarchiapone, Vadim Sarma, Louis Sartori, Heather Saslovsky, Gerard
Savage, Lisa Sbrana, Ann Marie Scalia, Randall Schaefer, Kenneth Schaeffer, Joshua Scheier, Ronald Schneider, Stacy Schneider, John Schoeffel, Nanette Schrandt, Marcy Schuck,
Edna Schwartz, Kristina Schwarz, Ryan Schwarz, Eric Scott, Jean Scott, Matthew Scott, Marcia Seckler, Samantha Seda, Nadia Seeratan, Erin Segilia, Ashok Sehgal, Benjamin Seibel,
Douglas Seidman, David Seman, Julie Sender, Amy Serlin, Susan Sevin, Hasan Shafiqullah, Bejal Shah, Shekera Shahid,Taramanie Shakur, Hannah Shapiro, Melanie Shapiro, Rita
Shapiro, Irwin Shaw, Sophia Shaw, Monica Sheehan, Wadeedah Sheeheed, Nicole Sheindlin, Steve Shelton, Desiree Sheridan, Barbara Sherman, Roger Sherman, Roshni Shikari,
Susan Shin, Adam Shlahet, Jane Shortell, Khristina Sibley, Cynthia Sichenze, Debra Siegel, Steven Silberblatt, Elana Silberman, Jennifer Siletti, Christine Siley, Carolyn Silvers,
Anna Sim, Karen Simmons, Kawan Simmons, Clark Simpkins, Steven Sindos, Gurmeet Singh, Lawrence Siry, Shana Skaletsky, Jennifer Skidmore, Brian Slater, Debra Sloane,
Dorothy Smalls, David Smiley, Alexander Smith, Allana Smith, Asha Smith, Christine Smith, Denzil Smith, Elizabeth Smith, Heather Smith, Jodi Smith, Natalie Smith, Sondra Smith,
Todd Smith, Theresa Smoot-Robinson, Marvin Sobers, Chantelle Soloman, Gary Solomon, Meridith Sopher, Angel Soto, Christopher Spellman, Diane Spicer, Malika Spruiell,
Andrew St Laurent, Shannon Stallings, Adam Starritt, Laura Stasior, Jeffery Staten, Robert Staten, Tamara Steckler, Rebecca Stegman, Kenneth Stephens, Daniel Stern, David
Stern, Judith Stern, Susan Sternberg, Robert Stevenson, Barbara Stock, Jonathan Stonbely,Yevgeny Strupinsky, Janelle Stuart, Lisa-Ann Stuart, Elaine Stulbaum, Stephen Sturman,
Stacy-Ann Suckoo, Jeffrey Sugarman, Kannan Sundaram, Alice Swenson, Dorine Sylvester, Sharona Tabacznik, Michael Taglieri, Meredith Takahashi,Tanya Talaba, Stephen Talaber,
Jose Tapias, Ian Tarasuk, Sonia Tate-Cousins,Tennille Tatum, Bret Taylor,W. Brett Taylor, Stephen Terry, Joseph Tesoriero, Rumona Thadani, Sukhvir Thandi, Sidney Thaxter, Rosalina
Then, Kathryn Thiesenhusen, Anthony Thomas, Frances Thomas, Megan Thomas, Cynthia Thompkins, Cheryl Thompson, Salome Thompson, Bettina Thomsen, Raynita Thornton,
Lisa Timmes, Alia Toran-Burrell, Marilyn Toro, Alba Torres, Azalia Torres, Brunilda Torres, Joseph Torres, Richard Torres, Lisa Trentacosti, Rekha Trivikram, Matthew Tropp, Andrew
Tso, Lisa Tuntigian, Howard Turman, Roseanne Tzitzouris, Ferdinand Ubozoh, Chinyelu Udoh, Jesse Uhrman, Louis Ullrich, Stella Umutoni, Beth Unger, Jennifer Valentin, Sandrine
Valentine, Maria Valvik, Norah Van Dusen, Stephen Van Ooteghem, Louis Varela, Jessica Vargas, Marlene Vasquez, Anna Vaysleyb, Edwin Vega, Pedro Vega, Rosemary Vellucci, Linda
Venuto, Andrea Veras, Nicholas Vitek, Anja Vojvodic, John Volpe, Jill Wade, Andrea Wagner, Eliezer Wagner, Judith Waksberg, Kenneth Walcott, Jill Waldman, Jackie Walker, Randal
Walker, Albert Wall, Ryan Wall, Ernesto Walsh, Jessica Warner, Rosalyn Warren, Agnieszka Was, Jerry Washington, Marie Washington, Roy Wasserman, Steven Wasserman, Kelly
Watkins, Senora Watkins, Joshua Watson, Meggan Ways, Karen Webb, Alison Webster, Jill Wechsler, Jamien Weddle, Elizabeth Weiner, Jessica Weinstein, Hilary Weiss, Ronald Weiss,
Susan Welber, George Welch, Nathaniel Welkes, David Werber, Mary Werlwas, David Weschler, Rasheedah West, Mark Whalen, Andrew Whitcup, Amanda White, Lawrence White,
Lois White; Thomas White, Mayphill Whyte, Jamila Wideman, Paul Wiener, Jessa Wilcox, Dale Wilker, Alison Wilkey, Diana Wilks, Edlyn Willer, Cheryl Williams, Cheryl Williams,
Deborah Williams, Donald Williams, Eric Williams, Gregory Williams, Rochelle Williams, Ramon Willoughby, Freddie Winn, Angela Winston, Leslie Winston, Michael Wittman, Frank
Witty, Katherine Wohlauer, Jason Wohlford, Alexander Wolff, Liron Wolff, Cynthia Wolpert, Kathleen Wolters, Carrie Wood, Reda Woodcock, Susan Woodward, Andrea Woody,
Deborah Wright, Marco Wright, Jennifer Wu, Caesar Xavier, Srividya Yarabothu, Karen Yazmajian, Jeannie Yi, Dawn Yuster, Yosef Zablocki, Raoul Zaltzberg, Yonatan Zamir, Mary
Zaslofsky, Milton Zelermyer, Andrei Ziabkin, Marnie Zien
1/2/08
3:23 PM
Page 2
2007 Annual Report
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