Galion Lidar location Wind turbine

I didn’t know
you could do that
with lidar!
Wind in the real world:
why innovation in measurement
holds the key to future success
How do I reduce
project uncertainty
and
increase my P90
relative to my P50?
How do I reconcile
pre-construction
resource estimates
with
post-construction
revenues?
“If you cannot measure it
you cannot improve it."
Introduction
• New measurement opportunities made
available by lidar give us
– Access to information that would not
otherwise be available using met masts and
– Earlier access to information that was
already available using met masts
• We must modify our procedures to take
advantage of these opportunities to reduce
project uncertainty and improve IRR or NPV
Introduction
• We can now design measurement campaigns
based on
– Desired project outcomes rather than limited
sensor capabilities (“what do I want to
measure” rather than “what can I measure”)
– Unified data requirements: acquire project
critical data pre-construction rather than wait
to observe potentially adverse consequences
of the wind conditions post-construction
“If I had asked people what
they wanted, they would
have said faster horses."
What is Galion?
Galion is an advanced lidar device for
visualisation and measurement of wind
flow including speed, direction and
turbulence.
Lidar or “Light Detection and Ranging”
devices are laser based anemometers
that measure the wind remotely.
Offering all sky scanning capability and
up to 4km range, both onshore and
offshore, Galion is transforming the
way in which wind data is collected and
analysed.
Galion specifications
Galion specification
up to 250m vertical
up to 500m horizontal
Range
80 m to 4000 m
-25°C - 40°C
Temperature Range
-25°C - 40°C
130 W – 300 W
Power Consumption
130 W – 300 W
£136k
0 m/s to 70 m/s
Price
Wind speed range
£160k
0 m/s to 70 m/s
All models are highly portable, robust and deployable in any terrain
including in the offshore environment
How does Galion work?
Galion is a pulsed lidar system. Small particles or aerosols are carried
by the wind and reflect the laser light emitted by the lidar.
The reflected light has a frequency
shift imposed upon it by the motion
of the aerosols that is proportional
to the component of their velocity
along the beam path
How does Galion work?
Galion has a 2-axis scanner head enabling the device to measure at any point
within a hemisphere up to a maximum range of 4 km.
180°
360° azimuth
+ to 17° below
horizontal
How does Galion work?
Radial velocities over multiple lines of sight are collected in a programmable scan
configuration and combined to extract information about the overall wind field.
Mast replacement:
what similarly priced lidar
competitors offer
Local Mast
(VAD scan)
Remote Mast
(Arc scan)
Things masts and
similarly priced lidar
cannot do but Galion
can: where we add value
Horizontal
flow mapping
(PPI)
Vertical flow
mapping (RHI)
IEA lidar use cases
Data
requirements
Lidar
use
case
Situation
Method
IEA lidar use cases
Data
requirements
Situation
Method
Key questions to ask
Data
requirements
• What does my project need? What question am I asking? Can I
specify my requirements?
• Can I quantify the benefit of fulfilling these requirements?
Method
• Have I adequately documented the measurement procedure?
• Does the method provide the data I require? Does it answer the
question I am asking and fulfil my requirements?
Situation
• Do I understand the accuracy of the method under the
circumstances in which it is used? Is the accuracy sufficient?
• Can I do a complete and unbiased uncertainty analysis?
• Having seen how Galion works we can now
explore some of the relevant use cases
• Galion can be used for:
o Wind resource assessment
o Power performance assessment
o Wind turbine siting and wind farm
optimisation
o Wind model validation and calibration
Offshore
Lidar experience:
Wind Resource
AssessmentORQA
• Critical items:
• Offshore Risk Quantification
– Aand
better
measurement
Analysis
(ORQA)
solution
Platformfor a lower cost,
a met mast
• compared
4m by 4m to
equipment
deck
Topside provision.
Critical
–• Reference
10m met
items:
mast
allows in situ
– Galion LiDAR
verification
of reference
accuracy,
– Short (eg 10m)
met mast
– Nortek
acoustic wave and current
leading
to…
profiler (AWAC) and salinity probe
– Relevant
instrumentation
– Over
1 year
of bankable
– Power system
data,
signed
offcommunications
as
– Data
logging and
– Aids tofor
Navigation
suitable
load
calculations
by DNV
– DNV validation of Galion,
• Offshore Risk Quantification
Analysis (ORQA)
– Uncertainty reduction
– Risk reduction
– Cost reduction
1
Normalised costs
Installation
Foundation (infrastructure)
Topside (infrastructure)
0.5
instrumentation and data
0
ORQA
Conventional
Influence of terrain
Influence of terrain
( ~ 1 km )
Flow separation
and recirculation
Line of sight velocity (m/s)
Blue indicates motion from right to left,
yellow indicates motion from left to right
Wind shear mapping
South
Mast
50m
Trees
30m
Arc scans can be stacked to acquire wind speed data at more than one
height at distant locations to assess wind shear
Wind shear mapping
Quarry
Assumption:
the quarry will
be the dominant
influence on
shear
Mast
Trees
Assumption:
models predict
and met mast
measurements
suggest the
influence of the
trees is negligible
Wind shear mapping
Prohibitive
wind shear
Wind shear
exponent
Wind shear mapping
Galion revealed project critical information in one hour which had been
missed during a conventional mast mounted campaign over the course
of over a year
Convergent scan geometries
US Department of Energy Atmospheric
Radiation Measurement Southern Great
Plains Site (DoE SGP ARM)
University of Oklahoma School of
Meteorology
(Jennifer Newman and Tim Bonin)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
(Sonia Wharton)
Halo Streamline and SgurrEnergy Galion
scanning lidars deployed north and west
of target location
Dual Doppler measurement strategy
employed
Turbulence and shear assessed in a
“virtual mast” location
Virtual mast
Convergent scan geometries
Dual Doppler Cross RHI (XRHI)
convergent beams allow resolution
of vector components at point
Sunset
Sunrise
Convergent scan geometries
Sunrise
Sunset
Low level jet
Mechanical load and component life
Frequency of load
Fatigue loads
Extreme loads
Severity of load
Wake propagation
First lidar scan of a wind turbine wake, 2008
Galion Lidar location
Wind turbine
Assumption:
Wakes recover
sufficiently by 5D
Wake propagation
The lidar beam is swept in azimuth
with a fixed elevation angle to
traverse the volume in which the
wind turbine wake is propagating,
and acquires line of sight radial
velocity measurements in the
surface defined by this azimuthal
sweep
Wake propagation
Wind direction is fitted to the line of
sight radial velocity data and these
are adjusted by the cosine of the
difference in beam and wind
direction for each beam to give an
estimate of wind speed
Wake propagation
Relatively rapid recovery
of wake (in around 4D)
• Rotor diameter <
turbulent length scale
• Orographic and
roughness complexity
(e.g. forested ground
rising behind turbine)
34
35
Galion G4000
mounted in a
wind turbine
nacelle
36
Slide 38
Plan view of wind turbine
and measured wake
Wake
Wind
turbine
Wind speed (m/s)
Wind direction
1.0
0.9
0.8
Velocity Deficit
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
The wake takes approximately twice as long
to recovery in stable night time atmospheres
than in unstable day time conditions
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Horizontal Distance Bin (x 100m)
Stable Atm
Unstable Atm
10
11
12
Wake Investigation and
Model Calibration
Galion G4000 Offshore
on transition piece
2 x Galion G4000 Offshore on nacelle, one facing
forward to survey inflow, one facing back for wakes
This campaign was a collaborative campaign
between SgurrEnergy and Areva Wind
© Gerrit Wolken-Möhlmann, Fraunhofer IWES
Wake Investigation and
Model Calibration
Wake Investigation and
Model Calibration
Wake Investigation and
Model Calibration
N.B. Compression zone
Galion Toolbox
Galion Toolbox is designed to postprocess the wind data measured and
recorded by a Galion Lidar.
The software supports a wide variety
of scan geometries including Single
cone, Dual cone, Horizontal arc and
Vertical arc.
Available for purchase or rental.
Galion Toolbox
Galion Scan Data File
Data for sub-optimal performance
Ignorance
Bliss
Not Bliss
(pre-construction)
(post-construction)
"[A] man cannot search [...] for
what he knows, since he knows it,
[...] nor for what he does not
know, for he does not know what
to look for."
“There are known knowns; [...]
there are known unknowns; [...]
But there are also unknown
unknowns, the ones we don't
know we don't know"
Known
Unknown
Knowns
Unknowns
P50
AEP
• Wind rose
• Power curve
• Etc.
P90
Uncertainties in
• Modelling
• Measurements
• Etc.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Low level jets
Veer
Complex flow
Wakes
Atmospheric stability
Etc. etc. etc.
Unknowns
P50
AEP
• Wind rose
• Power curve
• Etc.
P90
Uncertainties in
• Modelling
• Measurements
• Low level jets
• Veer
• Complex flow
• Wakes
• Atmospheric stability
• Etc. etc. etc.
New measurement opportunities
Known
Unknown
Knowns
Data availability
Data availability
• Limits on measurement opportunity are being overcome
• Assumptions are now being replaced with data and hard
information obtained earlier in the project lifecycle
• Causes can now be observed directly and correlated with
effects using e.g. lidar
• Many of these direct observations are possible during preconstruction phases of the lifecycle
• Procedures and processes must evolve to take advantage of
– earlier access to information and
– new information.
Performance verifications & validations
• Every Galion is tested on site prior to sale to IEC standards at
Carrot Moor Test Facility
Independently verified
Deutsche WindGuard
“Horizontal wind speed component as measured by the Galion
and by cup anemometers show an excellent correlation.”
(Deutsche WindGuard, 2013)
“The wind direction as measured by the Galion correlates and
agrees very well with the wind direction measured by the vanes
on the met masts.”
(Deutsche WindGuard, 2013)
Deutsche WindGuard – local mast
Fraunhofer IWES
Galion Lidar’s “remote mast” capability allows measurements
“where a horizontal distance between the location of the
measurement device and its measurements is necessary.”
(Fraunhofer IWES, 2013)
“(Galion Lidar) may be recommended ... for a power performance
assessment offshore with the Galion Lidar installed on the
transition piece of the test turbine.”
(Fraunhofer IWES 2013)
Galion Lidar bankability
• HG Capital utilised Galion Lidar to successfully conclude the acquisition
and refinancing of an operational wind farm.
• The acquisition team led by Emma Tinker commented
– “HG Capital have successfully utilised Galion Lidar during wind farm
transactions, delivering meaningful returns for our business and
shareholders.”
– “In our view, Galion is a key tool for accurately understanding wind
regimes and likely project performance in the wind sector.”
• DNV KEMA verified and approved 12 months of bank-grade wind data
from a Galion Lidar located on a platform in the South China Sea
• These data were considered suitable for load calculations for the
proposed 100MW offshore wind farm being developed by Hong Kong
Electric (2013).
Galion sale and rental locations
Ground-breaking offshore
lidar wind measurements
Europe
• Substation
– Baltic I
• Mast platform
– FINO1
• Transition piece
• Alpha Ventus AV07
• Sheringham Shoal
Worldwide
• Fixed platform
– South China Sea
• Onshore to offshore
– Gulf of Mexico
– South Korea
– North East USA
Lenders technical advisor
Advisory service
Galion measurement
Offshore power curve tests for onshore costs:
A real world case study
Independent 3rd party review
• DWG "considers the application of arc scanning lidars
mounted on the transition piece […] an attractive
alternative to other possibilities of testing power curves of
offshore wind turbines“
• "The T-piece method is almost fully consistent to the draft
revision of the power curve testing standard [...] The only
non-compliance [is not] a relevant burden for an
application of the T-piece method“
• "DWG has high hopes for the T-piece method and is
looking forward to perform power curve tests with this
procedure [...] DWG has been engaged already in serious
plans […] by wind turbine suppliers and wind farm
operators"
We are
• Reducing the known unknowns
• Identifying the unknown unknowns
• Detecting causes of problems before
they become problems
• Introducing scientifically robust
methods
• Focussing on future outcomes rather
than accepting previous limitations
We are motivated at all times to make our
best efforts to get the right answer
A versatile and proven solution trusted by
•
•
•
•
•
•
Wind farm developers
Utilities and owner/operators
Wind turbine manufacturers
Research institutions and universities
Consultancies and certification agencies
Lenders and financial institutions
Scanning lidar for wind power since 2008
Tried
Tested
Trusted
Thank you for listening
• Email:
[email protected]
• Tel:
• Cell:
• Web:
+44 (0) 141 227 1724
+44 (0) 7739 909 040
http://www.sgurrenergy.com