Summer Olympics 2008 - Binghamton City School District

Transcription

Academic Learning Packets
Sports of the Summer Olympics
2008 Edition
Advantage Press, Inc.
http://www.AdvantagePress.com
Advantage Press, Inc. PO Box 3025, Lisle, IL USA (630) 960-5305
Table of Contents
Instructions and Suggestions for Use
Packet #1
Packet #2
Packet #3
Packet #4
Packet #5
Packet #6
Packet #7
Packet #8
Packet #9
Packet #10
Packet #11
Archery
Badminton
Boxing
Cycling
Fencing
Handball
Volleyball
Pentathlon
Taekwondo
Soccer (Football)
Gymnastics
Teacher Answers
The Olympic Games: Summer Sports
Introduction
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Introduction
Academic Learning Packets
This Sports of the Summer and Winter Olympics CD is one of a series of Academic
Learning Packet Sets that will enhance your curriculum. If you find these Learning
Packets helpful you might be interested in some of our others:
Sports Champions: These packets focus on sports heroes, both current and past. Students will read biographies of Babe Ruth, Arnold Palmer, Wayne Gretzky, Jesse Owens, Michael Jordan and many other famous athletes. Worksheets and lessons to evaluate student comprehension are also included. This material is available on CD or in a
printed notebook prepared for easy photocopying.
Sports Stories: These twenty modified articles from popular newspapers include questions and puzzles. The topics focus on real athletes (frequently high school or college
students) who have achieved noteworthy accomplishments. This material is available
on CD or in a printed notebook prepared for easy photocopying.
Health Articles: These twenty modified newspaper articles include questions and
puzzles. The topics focus on current health issues of interest to junior and senior high
school students. This material is available on CD or in a printed notebook prepared for
easy photocopying.
Drugs, Tobacco & Sex Ed Articles: This book consists of twenty modified newspaper articles and includes questions and puzzles. The topics focus on issues related to
tobacco, drugs, alcohol and sex education. This material is available on CD or in a
printed notebook prepared for easy photocopying.
Physical Education Activity Books: These three notebooks consist of thirty-three
(eleven in each) Learning Packets designed to supplement your instruction on a particular sport. Students read about the history, rules, and current events of each sport and
answer questions and work puzzles related to the packets. This material is available on
CD or in a printed notebook prepared for easy photocopying.
For more information about these notebooks visit our website:
http://www.AdvantagePress.com
or call the Advantage Press, Inc. at (630) 960-5305
Introduction
A Note to The Teacher: Use of Academic Learning Packets:
Academic Learning Packets are designed by educators to make your professional life easier. Immediately! These packets can be used to “fill some empty time,” or to enhance instruction. This set,
Sports of the Summer Olympics, provides students with the history of the sports of the Summer
Olympic Games. In no way is the set intended to be a compilation of the complete Olympic history.
It is hoped the information can be used as a starting point for further student inquiry. Here are a few
recommendations:
1. Individual Lessons. Students who are unable to participate in physical education can be provided
a Summer Olympics packet to read. In some cases the packet can match the teacher’s planned activity. Academic Learning Packets are the next best thing to actual student participation.
2. Group Work. If you want students to work together on a project, the readings and worksheets
can be used as a starting point. You can divide your class into groups of three or four and give
each group a different packet to study. The groups can complete the worksheets together and then
report back to the whole class on what they have learned. This can be an excellent way to promote
cooperative learning in your classroom.
3. Testing Situations. Select a packet and a puzzle and make several copies. If a student finishes a
test early, give him or her the packet and puzzle to work on while others are still taking the test.
This can count as extra-credit or simply be used as an enrichment experience. If a student was absent
when a test was given, he or she can be sent to a study hall or the library with a Summer Olympics
Packet when you hand back the exams to the rest of the class for review.
4. Substitute Plans. Print the table of contents pages and take them home with you. Put the Summer
Olympics CD with your substitute folder in your desk or in the school’s office. If you are suddenly
ill and have no viable lesson plans, skim the contents to select an article which might be appropriate. When you call in sick, give instructions for your substitute to print and use the selected packet
and puzzles.
5. Study Hall Monitor or Homeroom Teacher. When students come to study hall or homeroom
with “nothing to do,” a Summer Olympics Packet can provide a meaningful activity.
6. Discipline Uses. Students assigned to detention or suspension rooms can complete Summer Olympics Packets during their assigned time. This not only helps to make better use of a student’s time
while detained, but also provides a meaningful activity for students to focus on while being held
out of class or after school.
7. Extra-Credit Assignments. Summer Olympics Packets are an excellent way to control the nature
of extra-credit assignments. There will no longer be a need for accepting reports plagiarized from
the encyclopedia, copied word-for-word from a newspaper or downloaded from the internet.
Introduction
Sports of The Summer Olympics: Archery
The Sport
Packet #1
Anyone familiar with the legend of Robin Hood knows archery competitions date back
at least to mediaeval times. Indeed, today’s archers still honor the fabled outlaw. The
term “Robin Hood” now refers to splitting the shaft of an arrow already in the target
with another arrow.
The equipment has crept forward in its technology since Robin
and his merry men had the run of Sherwood Forest, but the sport
of archery remains essentially unchanged. A recurve bow coated
in fiberglass has become standard, and arrows made of aluminium
and carbon graphite can travel more than 240km/h, but the most
important requirements are straightforward: steady hands, strong
shoulders, flexible muscles, sharp eyes and nerves of steel.
Archery was a feature of the Olympic Games several times from
1900 to 1920, but then disappeared for more than 50 years. It reappeared at Munich in 1972 and has remained a fixture ever since.
Competition
Since the Sydney 2000 Games, when Simon Fairweather won the gold, archers shot at
targets 70 meters away in four events - men’s and women’s individual and team competitions. The target is 1.22 meters in diameter and marked with 10 concentric rings. From
where the archers stand, it looks about the same size as the head of a thumbtack held at
arm’s length.
The center ring, or bullseye, measures 12.2 centimeters in diameter, and counts 10 points.
The outer ring counts one, and the rings in between increase by one point in value as
they near the center.
Archers, or teams, compete in head-to-head
matches in single elimination after being ranked
from one to 64. The semi-finals winners decide
the gold and silver medals in the final, and the
semi-finals losers shoot for the bronze.
#1 Archery
Advantage Press, inc
Events
•
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Individual Men
Individual Women
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Team Team Women
Men
History of the Sport
Archery is one of the oldest arts still practiced. This history will not only take you through
a journey on the evolution of archery, but also through the history of mankind. Both are
closely linked. Evidence of ancient archery has been found throughout the world.
Although archery probably dates back to the Stone Age (around 20,000 BC), the earliest
people known to have used the bow and arrow were the ancient Egyptians, who adopted
it at least 5000 years ago for purposes of hunting and warfare.
In 1200 BC the Hittites used the bow from light, fast chariots, enabling them to become
dreaded opponents in Middle Eastern battles. Their neighbors, the Assyrians, used archery
extensively. They built bows from several different types of material: tendon, horn and
wood. They also gave the bow a new, recurved shape that was far more powerful and as
it was shorter, it was more easily handled by an archer on horseback.
In China, archery dates back to the Shang dynasty (1766-1027 BC). A war chariot of
that time carried a three-man team: driver, lancer and archer. During the ensuing Zhou
(Chou) dynasty (1027-256 BC), nobles at court attended sport archery tournaments that
were accompanied by music and interspersed with elegant salutations.
English literature honors the longbow for famous victories in the battles of Crécy, Agincourt and Poitiers. The first known organized competition in archery was held at Finsbury, England, in 1583 and included 3000 participants! By the time of the 30 Years’ War
#1 Archery
(1618-1648), it was clear that the introduction of the gun had made the bow a weapon
of the past. From that time on, archery developed as a recreational sport.
Olympic History
Archery first appeared in the Olympic Games in 1900 and was contested again in 1904,
1908 and 1920. In those four Games, it was possible for an archer to compete in numerous events and win several medals. Hubert van Innis (Belgium) is the most decorated
archer in Olympic history, winning six gold medals and three silvers in 1900 and 1920.
Archery was re-introduced to the Olympic program in 1972 with individual events for
men and for women; John Williams and Doreen Wilber of the USA captured the gold
medals. Team competition was added to the medal program in Seoul in 1988.
Equipment
Armguard
A guard that protects the arm from abrasion when an arrow is shot.
Arrow
Arrows have a maximum diameter of 9.3 millimeters. Each arrow must be marked with
the competitor’s name or initials, while archers use distinctive colors and patterns on the
arrow fletching to distinguish their arrows.
Bow
The bows draw weight is around 22 kilograms
for men’s competition, and around 15kg for
women’s. The bow consist of a riser and two
limbs.
Bowstring
The string of a bow. Most strings are made of a
hydrocarbon product called dyneema.
Chestguard
Plastic or leather, to keep clothing out of the
way and to protect against a bowstring at release
from injuring the body.
Finger Tab or Shooting Glove
A flat piece of leather worn as a guard to protect
the finger when the arrow releases.
#1 Archery
Fletching
The real or artificial feathers at the back of an arrow designed to make it fly straight.
Quiver
A container for holding arrows, usually worn
around the waist.
Nock
The attachment on the rear end of an arrow that
holds it in place on the bowstring.
Sight
A mechanical device placed on the bow to help the archer aim; also called a “bowsight.”
Stabilizer
A weight mounted on the bow to stabilize it during and after a shot.
Target
The target may be 1.22 meters in diameter, but, to the archer standing those 70 meters
away, it appears about the size of a thumbtack held at arm’s length. The center of the
bullseye stands 1.3 meters above the ground. The bullseye is 12.2 centimeters in diameter.
Terms
Blind: A dugout where scoring judges, the archers’ representatives and a spotter
sit.
Bowman: An archer.
Bowshot: The distance a bow sends an arrow.
Bullseye: The central spot on the target.
Draw: To pull back the bowstring and arrow in preparation to shoot.
End: A group of arrows, usually three, shot in one sequence before the archer goes
to the target to retrieve them.
#1 Archery
Limb: The upper or lower portion of a bow from the handle to the tip.
Nock: To place an arrow on a bow string.
Recurve: To curve or bend back or backward. The form limbs have in the bow is called
“recurve”.
Shaft: A long pole or rod forming the body of an arrow.
Tip: The pointed extremity of an arrow.
2004 Olympic Results (Athens, Greece)
Men’s Competition
Men’s Individual Gold Medal:
Marco Galiazzo, Italy
Men’s Individual Silver Medal:
Hiroshi Yamamoto, Japan
Men’s Team Gold Medal:
South Korea
Men’s Team Silver Medal:
Taiwan
Women’s Competition
Women’s Individual Gold Medal:
Park Sung-hyun, South Korea
Women’s Individual Silver Medal:
Lee Sung-jin, South Korea
Women’s Team Gold Medal:
South Korea
Women’s Team Silver Medal:
China
#1 Archery
2008 Olympic Results (Beijing, China)
Men’s Competition
Men’s Individual Gold Medal:
Viktor Ruban, Ukraine
Men’s Individual Silver Medal:
Park Kyung-mo, Korea
Men’s Team Gold Medal:
Korea
Men’s Team Silver Medal:
Italy
Women’s Individual Gold Medal:
Zhang Juanjuan, China
Women’s Individual Silver Medal:
Park Sung-hyun, South Korea
Women’s Team Gold Medal:
Korea
Women’s Team Silver Medal:
China
Zhang Juanjuan, China
Viktor Ruban, Ukraine
#1 Archery
Packet #1
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Cross Word
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Across
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1 Used to shoot the ar13
row
3 He won the gold in
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2000
6 Most strings are
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made of this
7 After this was invented, archery became a
recreational sport
8 They were the earliest people known to
have used the bow
and arrow
9 The Olympic Games in 1972 were held here
10 It holds arrows
11 This attachment at the end of an arrow holds it on the bowstring
13 In China, archery dates to this dynasty
14 Each must be marked with the competitor’s name or initials
15 The rear feathers on an arrow make it fly this way
Down
1 The center ring
2 Hubert van Innis came from this country
3 The rear feathers at the back of an arrow
4 The rings in the archery target
5 She was the first American to capture a gold medal in archery
12 This country dominated the women’s archery competition
13 In archery the term “Robin Hood” refers to splitting this
16 Good archers have steady _________
#1 Archery
Packet #1
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Search
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#1 Archery
Packet #1
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Challenge
Word Scramble: Unscramble the following words:
ERYHRAC
WRAOR
BWO
EBLEYLSU
OTEPMITIOCN
RNCNCECTOI
TYEAQSINP
EILCHNTGF
HIMUCN
NKOC
LMOIYSCP
RIEUVQ
FASTH
ITHGRTSA
RNSSITG
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Quote Falls: Find the quote in the puzzle below. Use the letters in the column directly
above the boxes to fill in the appropriate letters. The first letter of the first word will
either be an “A” or an “S.” The second letter will be an “R” or a “T” or a “T.” The
third letter will be an “H” or a “C” or an “I.” Use all of the letters.
#1 Archery
Sports of The Summer Olympics: Badminton
The Sport
Packet #2
Made-for-television radar guns instantly flash the speed of serves, volleys and pitches
to the sporting public around the world these days, but few people can name the world’s
fastest racket sport. The title belongs to badminton.
The flight of the shuttlecock, a missile of cork and goose feather that players volley
across the net, has been recorded at speeds of 260 kilometers per hour (over 161 miles per
hour). Speed, agility and lightning-fast reflexes are essential to the game. Add stamina,
too - players have been known to cover more than six kilometers in a single match.
While contemporary badminton first appeared in the mid-19th century, it evolved from
the game battledore and shuttlecock, which can be traced back to ancient Greece, China,
Japan and India.
Especially popular in Asia and Europe today, badminton
became a full competition sport at the Olympic Games in
1992.
Competition
Badminton is played with a racket hitting a shuttlecock
(referred to as the ‘shuttle’). The shuttle flies like a plane or
drops likes a parachute. As a result, the forward speed can
vary from almost nothing up to 450 kph (almost 280 mph).
The basic concept of the game is to hit the shuttle over the
net and have it land on the floor within the opponent’s court.
During a rally the shuttle is always in the air.
A badminton match consists of the best of three games. A coin is tossed before the first
game, and the winner of the toss may serve first or pick an end of the court. Only the
serving side can score, and the winning team needs 15 points in doubles and men’s
singles, or 11 in women’s singles. A point is scored only by the side that serves and wins
the rally. Each match is played to the best of the three games.
Singles - The player who wins the rally serves for the next rally.
Doubles - The first partner serves as long as his side wins the rally.
#2 Badminton
The server’s score decides the service court to be used. When the score is an even number
the right hand court is used while the left side is for the odd numbers. A similar pattern
is followed with the doubles except that the partners not serving or receiving first at the
start of a game use the right hand court for the odd numbers.
The hardest part of the game, and the most controversial, is the serve. The object of the
service is to start a rally without gaining an advantage or be put at a disadvantage. The
service is delivered to the diagonally opposite court. The shuttle hitting the net does not
invalidate the service. The server must do the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
keep part of both feet in stationary contact with the floor
stand within his service court
strike the shuttle at a level below the waist
have the head of the racket below the hand
strike the shuttle on the base first
not delay serving
continue the racket forward with a steady movement.
The receiver must:
•
•
•
stand within the service court
keep part of both feet in stationary contact with the floor
not delay in getting ready to receive.
Olympic badminton consists of five events -- men’s singles and doubles, women’s singles
and doubles, and mixed doubles. Each involves a single-elimination tournament, with
the top eight players or pairs seeded.
History
Before Badminton House, there was poona. Before poona, there was “jeu de volant.”
Before that, battledore and shuttlecock, and, before that, Ti Jian Zi. It’s not easy tracking
the ancestry of the sport now known as badminton.
#2 Badminton
As far back as the 5th century BC, the Chinese were playing Ti Jian Zi, or shuttle-kicking,
a game played with the feet. The shuttlecock was there, but it remains unclear whether
it led to the game of battledore and shuttlecock that arose about five centuries later in
China, Japan, India and Greece. The battledores were the early versions of today’s rackets.
By the 1600s, battledore and shuttlecock had developed into a popular children’s game.
It soon became a favorite pastime of nobles and the leisured classes of many European
countries, becoming known as “jeu de volant.”
In India, a game closer to modern badminton, poona, had evolved by the mid-19th century. While British army officers stationed there were learning the game, the Duke of
Beaufort was introducing it to royal society at his country estate, Badminton House in
Gloucestershire, England. Within four years, the Bath Badminton Club had formed, and
a new version of the game played there laid the basis for today’s rules.
Olympic History
Badminton was a demonstration sport during the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. It
debuted as a full medal sport in 1992 at Barcelona. Men and women compete at the
Olympics in both singles and doubles, and the events have been dominated by Indonesia,
China, and Korea.
Equipment
COURT
The area of play, as defined by the outer boundary lines.
NET
The net is made of fine cord, dark in color and
of an even thickness, with a mesh.
POSTS
The posts are used to hold the net in place.
RACKET
The instrument used by players to hit the shuttlecock. The frame, including the handle,
cannot exceed 680mm in overall length and 230mm in overall width. The overall length
of head cannot exceed 290mm. The strung surface may not exceed 280mm in overall
length and 220mm in width.
#2 Badminton
SHUTTLECOCK
A piece of cork covered in goat skin with 16 goose feathers attached to one end. It can be
made from natural or synthetic materials. At the Olympics a top grade of shuttle is used.
It is a feather shuttle with 16 feathers, fixed in a base made of cork covered with a thin
layer of leather. The feathers may vary from 64 to 70mm in length but in each shuttle
all must be the same length. The tips of the feathers must form a circle with a diameter
from 58mm to 68mm. The shuttle weighs from 4.74 to 5.50grams.
Terms
Attacking clear: An offensive stroke hit deep into the opponent’s court.
Backhand: The stroke used to return the shuttlecock hit
to the left of a right-handed player and to the right of a
left-handed player.
Base position: The location in the center of the court to
which a singles player tries to return after each shot; also
called “center position.”
Baseline: The back boundary line at each end of the court,
parallel to the net.
Battledore and shuttlecock: A game played with a battledore and shuttlecock, the forerunner of modern badminton.
Carry: An illegal stroke in which the shuttle is not hit, but caught and held on the racket
before being released; also called a “sling” or “throw.”
Center line: A line perpendicular to the net that separates the left and right service
courts.
Center position: The location in the center of the court to which a singles player tries to
return after each shot; also called “base position.”
Clear: A shot hit deep into the opponent’s court.
Drive: A fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net.
#2 Badminton
Drop shot: A shot hit softly and with finesse to fall rapidly and close to the net in the
opponent’s court.
Fault: A violation of the rules.
Feint: Any deceptive movement that disturbs an opponent
before or during the serve; also called a “balk.”
Flick: A quick wrist-and-forearm rotation used to surprise an
opponent by changing an apparently soft shot into a faster
passing shot.
Forecourt: The front third of the court, between the net and
the short service line.
Forehand: The stroke used to return a shuttlecock hit to the
right of a right-handed player and to the left of a left-handed
player.
Hairpin net shot: A shot made from below and very close to the net and causing the
shuttle to rise, just clear the net, then drop sharply down the other side so that the flight
of the shuttlecock resembles a hairpin.
High clear: A defensive shot hit deep into the opponent’s
court.
Kill: A fast shot hit straight down into the opponent’s court
so that it cannot be returned.
Let: A minor violation of the rules allowing a rally to be
replayed.
Poona: A 19th-century game in India, named after the city
of the same name, with similarities to lawn tennis.
Rally: The exchange of shots that decides each point.
Sling: An illegal stroke in which the shuttle is not hit, but caught and held on the racket
before being released; also called a “carry” or “throw.”
Smash: A hard-hit overhead shot slammed straight down into the opponent’s court.
#2 Badminton
Throw: An illegal stroke in which the shuttle is not hit, but caught and held on the racket
before being released; also called a “carry” or “sling.”
2004 Olympic Results (Athens Greece)
Men’s Competition
Men’s Singles Gold Medal:
Taufik Hidayat, Indonesia
Men’s Singles Silver Medal:
Shon Seung-mo, South Korea
Men’s Doubles Gold Medal:
South Korea
Men’s Doubles Silver Medal:
South Korea
Women’s Singles Gold Medal:
Zhang Ning, China
Women’s Singles Silver Medal:
Mia Audina Tjiptawan, Netherlands
Women’s Doubles Gold Medal:
China
Women’s Doubles Silver Medal:
China
#2 Badminton
2008 Olympic Results (Beijing China)
Men’s Competition
Men’s Singles Gold Medal:
Lin Dan, China
Men’s Singles Silver Medal:
Lee Chong-wei, Malaysia
Men’s Doubles Gold Medal:
Kido Markis and Setiawans Hendra, India
Men’s Doubles Silver Medal:
Cai Yun and Fu Haifeng, China
Women’s Singles Gold Medal:
Zhang Ning, China
Women’s Singles Silver Medal:
Xie Xingfang, China
Women’s Doubles Gold Medal:
Du Jing and Yu Yang, China
Women’s Doubles Silver Medal:
Lee Hyo-jung and Lee Kyung-won, Korea
Lin Dan, China
Zhang Ning, China
#2 Badminton
Packet #2
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Cross Word
Across
2 When the score
is _____ the right
hand court is used
5 The world’s fastest racket sport
9 The serve is one
of the most _____
parts of the game
10 The game poona
evolved in this
country
12 One of the games
from which
badminton was
derived
14 At first it looks
like a soft shot
but then it becomes a faster
passing shot
16 Balk
17 This stroke is illegal
18 They hold the net
in place
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1 Only this side can score
3 It is made of fine cord
4 The shuttlecock is made of this
6 Speed and ____ are essential for playing the game
7 This shot is hit softly and with finesse
8 A badminton match is the best of _____ games
9 They played Ti Jian Zi
11 Badminton was this type of sport in Munich
12 The back boundary line at each end of the court
13 During one the shuttle is always in the air
15 This country dominated in the badminton competition in 2008
#2 Badminton
Packet #2
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Search
S
S
J
P
Q
C
Q
U
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M
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K
L
A
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COURT
DEMONSTRATION
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EVEN
FEINT
FLICK
INDIA
NET
POSTS
RALLY
SCORE
SERVING
STROKE
THREE
#2 Badminton
Packet #2
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Challenge
AIGYLTI:
MNAINTBDO:
LSNBIAEE:
AYRCR:
ANHIC:
ROIROSTVLEANC:
ORCK:
CRUOT:
DRPO:
TEFNI:
LCFKI:
TNE:
SPOST:
ORSEC:
RESVE:
either be an “A” or a “T” or a “B.” The second letter will be an “A” or an “S.” The
third letter will be an “I” or a “T” or a “D.” Use all of the letters.
#2 Badminton
Sports of The Summer Olympics: Boxing
The Sport
Packet #3
Boxing ranks among the Olympic Games’ most illustrious sports.
When it first arrived in the Ancient Olympic Games, the tools of the trade were long
strips of leather wrapped around boxers’ fists. The fight continued until one man or the
other went down or conceded. The Romans followed with a gladiator dimension. They
used gloves studded with spikes or weighted with lead, and fights often ended in death,
like other entertainment of the day.
When the modern Games resumed in 1896,
the Athens organizing committee omitted boxing, deciding it was too dangerous. The sport
reappeared in 1904 in St. Louis, thanks to its
popularity in the United States, then disappeared
again in 1912 at Stockholm because Sweden’s
national law banned it.
Only in 1920 did boxing return to the Olympic
Games to stay. Hence, Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay at the time) and Teofilo Stevenson
(a three-time gold medallist) could join names
like Theagenes of Thassos and Cleitomachus of
Thebes among the legends.
Boxers qualify for the Olympic Games through regional qualifying tournaments in Europe, Asia, the Americas, Africa and Oceania. The number of boxers accepted from any
region depends upon the strength of boxing in the region and varies according to weight
division.
The boxers are paired off at random for the Olympic Games, without regard to ranking.
They fight in a single-elimination tournament, but unlike most Olympic events, both
losing semi-finalists receive bronze medals.
History
Boxing has a long sporting history. The earliest evidence of boxing is found in Egypt
#3 Boxing
around 3000 BC. The sport was introduced to the Olympic Games by the Greeks in the
late 7th century BC. Greek boxers used thongs of soft leather to bind their hands and
forearms for protection. Later, in Rome, the leather thongs were exchanged for gloves
which were studded with metal. Gladiatorial boxing matches usually ended with the
death of one contestant. With the fall of the Roman Empire the history of boxing ends
until reference to matches are once again found in 17th century English records.
Organized amateur boxing began in 1880. The sport has grown from the rudiments based
on the rules of professional boxing at the turn of the century to having its own identity,
visibility and set of rules. Originally only three weight classes were contested. Although
boxing can be traced back to ancient Greece and the original Olympic Games, boxing
was not included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 because its popularity had
become limited to the United States.
Olympic History
The United States won all the medals when boxing made its debut at the Olympic Games
in 1904 in Saint Louis, Missouri. Not surprisingly, the United States was the only team
to enter the boxing competition! Boxing was not included in the 1912 Olympic Games
in Stockholm because Swedish law prohibited boxing. In 1950 the Olympic Committee
decided to have no contests for the bronze medal. It has thus been the practice since the
1952 Olympic Games in Helsinki that the losers of the semi-final are both ranked as
placing third. In 1952 both third place finishers were only awarded diplomas. In 1956
this was changed and bronze medals are now given to both third place finishers.
Competition
The Olympic rules for boxing are straightforward.
Boxing bouts are four rounds, with each round lasting
two minutes. There is a one-minute interval between
rounds. Form-fitted mouthpieces and headguards are
mandatory. If a fighter loses his mouthpiece, the fight
is immediately halted so he can replace it. Scoring
blows can only land on the front and side of the head
and front and side of the torso. Blows to the arms do
not count. Contact must be made with the knuckle
area of the closed glove.
One of the more difficult rules for the spectator to understand is that a knockdown counts
as one point, the same as a jab.
#3 Boxing
A panel of five judges scores the bout. Each judge has two buttons in front of him. He
presses one when he feels a scoring blow has been registered. Three judges must hit the
button in agreement within a second of each other for a point to be scored. If two fighters
are even on points at the end of the bout, judges decide the winner by discussing who
was more aggressive and who showed better style. If they’re still even they decide by
who shows better defense.
A boxer is considered “down” if any part of him besides
his feet touches the floor, if any part of him is outside the
ropes, if he is hanging on the ropes to stay on his feet or if
he is judged by the referee as unable to continue. The referee
begins a count to ten when a boxer is down. If he gets right
up, he still must take a standing eight count.
A boxer can only be saved by the bell in the final round of
the final bout. The referee will stop a fight if a fighter takes
three counts in one round or four in the fight. The referee
will stop a fight if a fighter suffers a cut eye or similar injury
in the first round. If a similar injury is suffered after the
first round, the judges will total up the points and declare
a winner.
Terms
Break: A referee’s order for boxers to step back and separate if they are in a clinch.
Caution: The lightest potentially penalizing move by a referee for an infringement by a
boxer. Three cautions mean an automatic warning.
Clinch: The act of one or both boxers holding the other in a way that hinders the other’s
punches.
Down: 1. Touching the ring floor with some part of the body other than the feet. 2. Officially, also having any part of the body outside the ropes. 3. Hanging on the ropes
helplessly after being hit. 4. Being judged to be in a semiconscious state and unable to
continue fighting.
Infighting: Fighting in close quarters so blows using the full reach of the arm cannot be
delivered.
#3 Boxing
Knockout: A ruling where the referee stops the bout and declares a boxer the winner if
his opponent has been down for the count of 10.
Mandatory eight-count: An eight-second count that a downed boxer must take when he
gets back to his feet, allowing the referee time to decide whether to continue the bout.
Queensberry rules: The set of rules followed in modern boxing, developed by the 8th
Marquess of Queensberry in the mid-19th century.
Warning: A notice from the referee that a boxer has committed an infringement of the
rules (three warnings mean disqualification).
Controversy
The Olympic boxing competition has been marred with
claims of corruption for years, and 2000, Sydney was no exception. In these 2000 games, two referees were suspended
after controversial decisions.
Yugoslav referee Sreten Jabucanin and Russian Stanislav Kirsanov were both banned for
four years following debatable decisions in favor of fighters from Kazakhstan.
The US team protested the handling of the featherweight final in which Bekzat Sattarkhanov posted a 22-14 points win over US world champion Ricardo Juarez, which
was officiated by Kirsanov.
Kirsanov was immediately suspended, but the result was allowed to stand and Sattarkhanov kept the gold medal for Kazakhstan.
Uzbekistan also failed in their bid to reverse the result of the super-heavyweight semifinal between their fighter Rustam Saidov and Kazakhstan’s Mukhtarkan Dildabekov,
but Jabucanin was still suspended.
Olympic officials admitted that the standard of refereeing in the semi-final was below
the standard expected, they found no explanation for it except incompetence.
But two officials involved in the tournament and speaking on condition of anonymity
alleged that more than 10 percent of the fights were fixed.
“I would say 20-25 percent of fights were doubtful decisions and I would say half of
#3 Boxing
them were out and out stitch-up jobs,” one of the officials told the press.
A number of referees vowed they would never want to be part of an Olympic boxing
program again.
Officials went into the 2000 Olympics apparently expecting trouble.
Spy cameras were installed over the judges to monitor their scoring and prevent any
kind of impropriety.
Olympic boxing has long had a dubious reputation and reached its low point at the 1988
Seoul Games when allegations of corruption resulted in 18 referees and judges being
suspended.
Four years later, computer scoring was introduced in an attempt to clean up the judging
but Olympic officials recently admitted that much of the officiating in Barcelona Olympics in 1992 was also corrupt.
Britain’s Amir Khan won the boxing silver after losing 30-22 to Cuban Mario Kindelan
in the lightweight final.
The 17-year-old, looking to become the youngest Olympic
champion since Floyd Patterson in 1952, took the first round
by a point after a cagey opening.
But Kindelan established his dominance in round two, picking off the teenager with supreme counter attacks.
Although Khan closed out in typical aggressive style, he
could not stop the Cuban fighter from winning a third
straight title.
Entering the ring Khan had massive support from British
fans. And he outpunched the division’s number one boxer
early, before Kindelan started to pick him off.
Khan bounced back to take a share of the final round, stalking his 33-year-old opponent
around the ring with menace.
#3 Boxing
But the damage had already been done by southpaw Kindelan, who made plans to retire
unbeaten.
“He’s the best boxer I’ve seen in a long time,” said Khan of
the Cuban champion.
“It’s been a brilliant two weeks, what I expected, and I won a
medal for Great Britain.
“Maybe next Olympics, I’ll get the gold medal,” said Khan,
who pledged to stay amateur until the Beijing Games in
2008.
Super Heavyweight Over 91kg
Gold: Alexander Povetkin, Russia
Silver: Mohamed Aly, Egypt
Light Welterweight 60 kg
Gold: Mario Kindelan, Cuba
Silver: Amir Khan, Britain
Heavyweight 91kg
Gold: Odlanier Solis Fonte, Cuba
Silver: Vitar Zuyev, Belarus
Featherweight 57kg
Gold: A. Tichtchenko, Russia
Silver: Kim Song-guk, N. Korea
Light Heavyweight 81kg
Gold: Andre Ward, USA
Silver: M. Aripgadjiev, Belarus
Bantamweight 54kg
Gold: G Rigondeaux ,Cuba
Silver: W. Petchkoom, Thialand
Middleweight 75kg
Gold: G. Gaydarbekov, Russia
Silver: G. Golovkin, Kazakhstan
Flyweight 51kg
Gold: Y. G. Toledano, Cuba
Silver: Jermone Thomas, France
Light Middleweight 69 kg
Gold: B. Artayev, Kazakhstan
Silver: L. A. Armenteros, Cuba
Light Flyweight 48kg
Gold: Y.B. Varela, Cuba
Silver: A. Yalcinkaya, Turkey
Welterweight 64 kg
Gold: M. Boonjumnong, Thialand
Silver: Yudel J. Cedeno, Cuba
#3 Boxing
2008 Olympic Results
Super Heavyweight Over 91kg
Gold: CAMMARELLE, Italy
Silver: ZHANG, China
Light Welterweight 60 kg
Gold: TISHCHENKO, Russian Fed.
Silver: SOW, France
Heavyweight 91kg
Gold: CHAKHKIEV, Russian Fed.
Silver: RUSSO, Italy
Featherweight 57kg
Gold: LOMACHENKO, Ukraine
Silver: DJELKHIR, France
Light Heavyweight 81kg
Gold: ZHANG, China
Silver: EGAN, Ireland
Bantamweight 54kg
Gold: ENKHBAT, Mongolia
Silver: LEON ALARCON, Cuba
Middleweight 75kg
Gold: DEGALE, Great Britain
Silver: CORREA BAYEAUX, Cuba
Flyweight 51kg
Gold: JONGJOHOR, Thailand
Silver: LAFFITA HERNANDEZ, Cuba
Light Middleweight 69 kg
Gold: SARSEKBAYEV, Kazakhstan
Silver: BANTEAUX SUAREZ,Cuba
Light Flyweight 48kg
Gold: ZOU, China
Silver: PUREVDORJ, Mongolia
Welterweight 64 kg
Gold: DIAZ, Dominican Rep.
Silver: BOONJUMNONG, Thailand
Zhang Zhilei (left) and Roberto Cammarelle
Zhang Xiaoping (left) and Kenny Egan
#3 Boxing
Packet #3
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Cross Word
1
3
2
4
5
6
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10
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15
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17
Across
3 Three warnings result in this
7 Boxers don’t fight for this medal
8 This piece of equipment is worn in the mouth
9 Boxers are paired off at _____ for the Olympic Games
10 It counts the same as a jab
12 The number of rounds in an Olympic boxing match
13 Blows to these do not count in scoring for a boxing match
14 The modern Olympic Games omitted boxing because it was too ______
16 It will be stopped if the boxer cuts his eye in the first round
17 The national law in this country banned boxing
Down
1 Both boxers holding each other
2 The boxer can only be saved by this in the final round
3 If any part of a boxer, besides his feet, touches the floor, he is considred this
4 He won three heavyweight boxing gold medals
5 The US protested the handling of this final
6 They were installed to monitor judges scoring
7 When a referee orders boxers to step back
9 Two of them were suspended in 2000
11 Gladiatorial boxing matches often ended with this
15 A three-time gold medalist
#3 Boxing
Packet #3
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Search
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ARMS
BELL
BOXERS
BREAK
BRONZE
CAMERAS
CLINCH
CUBAN
DANGEROUS
DEATH
DISQUALIFICATION
DOWN
FEATHERWEIGHT
S
P
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RANDOM
REFEREES
SAVON
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SUSPENDED
SWEDEN
WARNINGS
#3 Boxing
Packet #3
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Challenge
ROXEB
RNEBZO
CLCIHN
ABUC
TUAIFNICIALDISQO
WNDO
EFEGTARWIHEHT
FGTIH
DNKCKWOON
POIUEECHTM
EREEEFR
VNSAO
OSSNNEVTE
WRGNIAN
LEBL
-
either be an “H” or a “T” or an “M” or an “I.” The second letter will be an “E” or an
“H” or an “S.” The third letter will be a “D” or an“E.” Use all of the letters.
#3 Boxing
Sports of The Summer Olympics: Cycling
The Sport
Packet #4
Bicycles were first developed in the mid-18th century and have long
since been used as a form of transportation. Originally, the front wheel
was much larger than the rear wheel, and the rider was elevated, making
them difficult to control and very dangerous. In 1885, J.K. Starley of
England devised the more modern bike with a chain and gearing to allow
the wheels to be of equal size. Although bicycle races had been held
on the old “penny farthings,” the new bikes stimulated the growth
of bicycle racing as a sport.
Cycling at the Olympics features three exciting disciplines: road,
track and mountain biking.
The old bikes looked
like a “penny” and a
“farthing”
Road Racing
Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick McMillan gave bicycle racing its first big boost back
in 1839 when he devised a pedal-and-crank mechanism to power the two-wheeled machines. Until then, bicycles were pushed along by the feet. It rather limited their racing
potential.
In the 1880s, cycling took another leap forward with the development of the chain-andgearing system. With that, bikes evolved from the old awkward style to the sleeker shape
so familiar today. Since then, the sport’s evolution has been a steady climb as athletes and
engineers experiment with anything that might shave a few seconds off their times.
The sport’s boom in the late 19th century made it a natural for the first modern Olympic
Games in 1896. That inaugural Olympic road race was held on the marathon course, with
riders completing two laps covering a total of 87 kilometers. Almost a century passed
before women got their chance to race in 1984, and, 12 years later, at the 1996 Atlanta
Games, time trials were introduced.
The men’s and women’s road races and time trials now make up the four events that are
#4 Cycling
included in the Olympic road-racing program.
The road races begin with mass starts. The men race over 239km and the women over
120km. The time trials are raced against the clock, with riders starting at 90-second intervals. In those, the men race over 46.8km, the women over 31.2km.
Track Racing
Road racing and mountain biking relate easily to the average rider’s view of cycling.
Track cycling does not.
In track cycling, the riders go nowhere, just around and around an oval track banked at
42 degrees. The track’s name - the velodrome - sounds space-age, and the helmets, suits
and bikes bearing no resemblance to a common two-wheeler more closely resemble
something out of a science fiction movie.
Those idiosyncrasies grew out of years of refinement. All were aimed at helping man
push bicycles faster and faster.
The aerodynamic “funny bikes” of today offer greater speed than ever, despite their
poorer maneuverability that leaves them ill-suited to pack racing.
The 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, in particular, fielded a wave of futuristic machines, including the debut of the spokeless, carbon-fiber disc wheel.
Another revolution occurred in the 1992 Barcelona Games, where Great Britain’s Chris
Boardman won his country’s first cycling gold medal since 1920. Boardman broke world
records and lapped the world champion in the final with a bike fully utilizing carbon-fiber
technology and aerodynamic cross-sections, weighing less than nine kilograms.
Track cycling evolved again during the Sydney 2000 Games, with a new range of races.
Women competed in a 500 meter time trial, and men added the Keirin, Madison and
Olympic sprint races.
The full program includes individual and team events, sprint and endurance races, pur-
#4 Cycling
suits, time trials and first-over-the-line finishes. The time trial, sprint, individual pursuit
and points race include events for men and women. The 4000m team pursuit, Madison,
Keirin and Olympic sprint involve only men.
The Madison is a mass-start event comprising teams of two riders per team. It is similar
to a team points race, as points are awarded to the top finishers at the intermediate sprints
and for the finishing sprint. Only one of the two team riders is on the track at any one
time, riding for a number of laps, and then exchanging with his partner, who is propelled
onto the track by a hand sling from the cyclist leaving the track.
The Keirin is one of the most exciting events in cycling because of the speeds. The event
is a 2000 meter paced event in which the riders ride behind a motorized vehicle, which
increases the potential speeds. The vehicle paces the riders for 1400 meters and then
pulls off the track, at which time the cyclists begin a furious sprint to the finish. Keirin
racing has traditionally been practiced in Japan, where it has been a professional sport
for over 20 years.
The Olympic sprint is a team sprint event, with each team consisting of three riders.
Two teams compete against each other, starting on opposite sides of the track, with the
goal being to catch the other team, or finish three laps of the track first. Each of the three
riders leads their team for a single lap. The time for the final rider to finish the third lap
is the time for the team.
Mountain Bike Racing
First came the road race. It became the rage of the late 1800s, after the invention of the
bicycle and before the invention of the car. Then came track racing. It was part of the
first modern Olympic Games in 1896, even though it looks space-age in its truly modern
form. Then came mountain biking.
Mountain biking debuted in the Games in 1996 at Atlanta. The sport was about 40 years
old then, if you date it back to the university student who first stripped down his bicycle,
converted it and headed for the hills in 1953. The sport was just 20 years old, though, if
#4 Cycling
you date it back to the first organized competition outside San Francisco.
The members of the Velo Club Mount Tamalpais generally receive the credit for establishing mountain biking as a sport. They invented the Repack Downhill race, held regularly
between 1976 and 1979 just across the famed Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco.
The races attracted riders from near and far, and the media soon followed.
It was a cool sport. By 1990, it had turned into a professional sport, complete with World
Championships. Now, it is an Olympic sport.
Mountain biking sees the riders riding over what is usually a very hilly, sometimes
mountainous course, usually on natural terrain. They may need to manoeuver over trees,
branches, rocks and streams.
Men race between 40 and 50 kilometers, and women
cover 30 to 40km. The exact distances are decided
the night before the race, when officials ponder the
weather conditions and aim for an optimum finishing time of two hours and 15 minutes for the top
man, two hours for the top woman. The course is
set so men complete six to seven laps and women
race five to six.
Olympic Heroes
Two heroes stand out in the history of Olympic cycling:
Christa Luding-Rothenburger
She is the only Olympic champion to have won medals in both Winter Games and Summer
Olympic Games. Christa Luding-Rothenburger first competed in speed skating at Lake
Placid and finished 12th in the 500m and 18th in the 1,000m events. During the Sarajevo
Winter Games in 1984 she won her first gold medal in speed skating. Four years later
during the Calgary Winter Games she won the gold medal in the 1,000m and the silver
medal in the 500m. Her coach, Ernest Luding (whom she married in 1988) persuaded
her to take up cycling during the off season from skating. She quickly became a strong
Olympic champion contender in this event, winning gold in the world sprint competition
in 1986. During the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, Christa Luding-Rothenburger made
Olympic history by wining a silver medal in cycling (1,000m match sprint). During the
1992 Winter Games at Albertville she won a bronze medal in the 500m speed skating
event.
#4 Cycling
Paul Masson
Born in 1874, Frenchman Paul Masson won three of the six cycling events (1km time trial,
10km track race, 1,000m sprint) at the first 1896 Olympics. After the Athens Games, he
turned professional and changed his name to Paul Nossam (Masson spelled backwards).
He placed third in the world professional sprint championship in 1897.
Olympic History
Cycling is one of the few sports that has been on the program of every Olympic Games.
The program has varied but now consists of road races, track races and mountain biking. Road racing has been on the program of every Olympic Games with the exception
of 1900, 1904 and 1908. In Athens in 1896, the original Olympic road race took place
on the marathon course, with the riders travelling from Athens to Marathon and then
returning to Athens’ Phaliron velodrome.
An individual road race was contested at the 1896 Olympics and at all of the Olympic
Games since 1912. A team road race event was also on the program from 1912 to 1956.
This event consisted of adding up team placements or times from the individual road
race. In 1960, the team road race was replaced by a 100 kilometer team time trial. The
team time trial was dropped from the Olympic program after the 1992 Olympics, and the
individual time trial on the road was returned to the program after 64 years of absence.
Women began competing in cycling at the Olympics in 1984, with an individual road
race as the only event. In 1996 and 2000, women also competed in an individual road
time trial, similar to the men.
The Europeans have dominated Olympic cycling, notably the French and Italians. However, the Eastern Europeans have also won many medals, especially on the track.
2004 Olympics (Athens, Greece)
Italy’s Paolo Bettini pulled away in the final 100 meters to win the men’s cycling road
race, while one of the deepest groups of American riders in an Olympics failed to reach
the medals stand.
#4 Cycling
Bettini, his arms outstretched and pumping, wept and blew kisses to the crowd after
making a desperate surge past Portugal’s Sergio Paulinho, who led much of the final lap
around the 8.2-mile circuit
Bettini, a former world champion
who built his training for the year
solely around this one race, finished
the 139.4-mile race in 5 hours, 41
minutes, 44 seconds. Paulinho was
one second back; Belgium’s Axel
Merckx, son of the cycling great
Eddy Merckx, was another seven
seconds back in third.
The U.S. men’s road squad, with four
accomplished international riders
on the five-man roster, was paced
by Tyler Hamilton’s 18th-place finish. At various times after the race’s
midpoint, three Americans -- Bobby
Julich, Levi Leipheimer and Hamilton -- each flirted with the lead, yet
none ever got to the front.
Defending champion Jan Ullrich of Germany, bidding to become the first back-to-back
winner of the event, finished 19th, in the same pack with Hamilton and Hincapie.
Bettini and Paulinho entered the 17th and final lap side-by-side, with approximately a
15-second edge on their pursuers. They exchanged the lead several times, before Paulinho made a strong move at the start of the final straightaway. Bettini, however, came
right back and held on.
It was Italy’s first gold in the road race since Fabio Casartelli won at the 1992 Barcelona
Games. The Italian died in a fall at the 1995 Tour de France.
#4 Cycling
Sara Carrigan brought home the gold for Australia with a win in
the women’s road race, a 118 kilometer race on the same central
Athens parcours used by the men earlier. Carrigan’s win is the
second gold medal in the Olympic road race for Australia, following Kathy Watt’s victory in 1992.
“It’s absolutely awesome to be the gold medal winner. I will treasure this day forever. The race today was a complete team effort
by the Australian team.”
As in the men’s race, the winning move came from just two riders
in the women’s event, as Carrigan and Germany’s Judith Arndt
pulled themselves away from a select group of favorites with just
over a lap to race.
Men’s Road Race
Gold:
P. Bettini (Italy)
Silver:
S. Paulinho (Portugal)
Bronze:
A. Merckx (Belgium)
Men’s Individual Time Trial
Gold:
T. Hamilton (USA)
Silver: V. Ekimov (Russia)
Bronze: R. Julich, (USA)
Men’s Mountain Bike
Gold:
J. Absalon (France)
Silver:
J.A. Hermida (Spain)
Bronze:
B. Brentjens (Netherlands)
Women’s Road Race
Gold:
S. Carrigan (Australia)
Silver:
J. Arndt (Germany)
Bronze:
O. Slyusareva (Russia)
Women’s Individual Time Trial
Gold:
L. Z. Moorsel (Netherlands)
Silver:
D. Dennet-Barry (USA)
Bronze:
K. Thuerig (Switzerland)
#4 Cycling
2008 Olympics (Beijing, China)
Men’s Sprint
Gold:
Chris Hoy, England
Silver:
Jason Kenny, England
Bronze:
Mickael Bourgain, France
Men’s Road Race
Gold:
Fabian Cancellara, Switz.
Silver: Gustav Larsson, Sweden
Bronze: Levi Leipheimer, USA
Men’s Mountain Bike
Gold:
Julien Absalon, France
Silver:
Jean-Christophe Peraud, France
Bronze:
Nino Schurter, Switzerland
Mickael Bourgain (R)
of France competes with
Chris Hoy of England.
Women’s Sprint
Gold:
Victoria Pendleton, England
Silver:
Anna Meares, Australia
Bronze:
Guo Shuang, China
Women’s Road Race
Gold:
Kristin Armstrong, USA
Silver:
Emma Poole, England
Bronze:
Karin Thurig, Switz.
Women’s Mountain Bike
Gold:
Sabine Spitz, Germany
Silver:
Maja Wloszczowska, Poland
Bronze:
Irina Kalentyeva, Russian Fed.
Fabian Cancellara, Switzerland
Sabine Spitz, Germany
#4 Cycling
Packet #4
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Cross Word
1
Across
3 Masson’s home
country
5 The name given
the track in Track
Racing
8 She won medals in
both Summer and
Winter Olympic
Games
10 This race is a
mass-start event
only for men
12 This club gets the
credit for starting
mountain biking as
a sport
14 He used carbonfiber technology to
win in 1992
16 The 1992 Games
were held here
19 The first Olympic bike race was held on this course
20 One of the types of bike races in the Olympics
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1 He devised a more modern bike in England
2 One of the most exciting cycling events because of the speeds
4 They started cycling competition in the 1984 Olympics
6 The shape of the track in Track Racing
7 The first ______- bike racing was held outside San Francisco
9 He won three of the six cycling events in 1874
11 Keirin racing is a professional sport in this country
13 They have dominated Olympic cycling
15 He gave bike racing a big boost with a pedal-and-crank mechanism
17 The Olympics in 1996 were held here
18 Originally, bikes had this wheel much larger than the other one
#4 Cycling
Packet #4
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Search
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ROTHENBURGER
STARLEY
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VELO
VELODROME
WOMEN
#4 Cycling
Packet #4
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Challenge
AATNTLA
RCOBAN
BIERF
NAEFRC
AEMSG
KIEINR
ANISDOM
AOHTMRNA
NUIONTMA
OALV
ERCA
RAKCT
LVODMEROE
OMENW
AJNPA
-
either be an “I” or a “P” or a “C” or an “M.” The second letter will be an “N” or a “D”
or an “I” or a “Y” or an “O.” Use all of the letters.
#4 Cycling
Sports of The Summer Olympics: Fencing
The Sport Packet #5
Take the romantic, swashbuckling epics of Robin Hood, add some rules, protective clothing and an electronic scoring system, and you have fencing at the Olympic Games. Two
rivals stand opposite each other and feint, lunge, parry and riposte until one scores the
required number of hits to win.
Evolved from the ancient form of combat, fencing is one of only four sports that has
been featured at every modern Olympic Games. It was the first to include recognized
professionals in a medals competition after modern Olympic Games founder Pierre de
Coubertin arranged special events for professional fencing “masters” in the original 1896
and 1900 competitions.
The clothing has become so protective, though, that officials modified masks a few
years ago to return a “human face” to the event. For intense reality, the 1924 team foil
competition still wins: After the Olympic Games, an Italian and a Hungarian settled a
scoring controversy with a real duel!
Competition
Three types of fencing weapons - the foil,
épée and sabre - are used at the Olympic
Games. Bouts are held on a 14-meter by 1.5meter piste, or playing area. Through wires
and special clothing, fencers are connected to
an electronic scoring system that indicates if
a hit has occurred.
Each competition has a single-elimination format. Teams consist of three fencers, and
each duels each member of the opposing team.
#5 Fencing
History
Fencing began as a form of combat and is known to have been practiced for thousands
of years. Relief carvings in the temple of Madinet-Habu near Luxor, Egypt, dating from
approximately 1190 BC depict fencers competing. Many other ancient civilizations,
including China, Japan, Persia, Babylonia and Greece, practiced swordplay as training
for combat.
As a sport, fencing began in either the 14th or 15th century and both Italy and Germany
lay claim to the origins of the sport. German fencing masters organized the first guilds
in the 15th century, notably the Marxbruder of Frankfurt in 1480. In 1570 Henri SaintDidier of France gave names to fencing’s major movements and most of that nomenclature remains. From the 16th to the 18th century, sword fights and duels were common.
Combatants in these duels used a variety of weapons, including singlesticks, quarterstaffs,
and backswords, and the bouts were often bloody and occasionally fatal.
Three innovations in the 17th century led to the
popularity of fencing as a sport. The first was the
development of a light practice weapon with a
flattened or “foiled” tip that was also padded to
reduce the risk of injury. This weapon was soon
called the foil. Second was the development of
a set of rules that limited the target to certain
areas of the body. The final innovation was the
quadrille wire-mesh mask which protected the
face and made fencing a safe activity.
The Olympics
Fencing was one of the few sports that admitted professionals prior to the 1980s. In fact,
the original Olympic rules, written by Baron Pierre de Coubertin (founder and second
President of the International Olympic Committee), specifically stated that fencing professionals, called masters, could compete. Events for masters at the Olympics were held
in the foil in 1896 and 1900. Masters also competed in épée and sabre events at both the
Olympics in 1900 and the Intercalary Olympic Games in 1906.
Fencing was first contested during the 1896 Olympics and is one of the few sports to have
been present at every Olympic Games. Women’s fencing first appeared in the Olympics
in 1924. Today, men compete in both team and individual events at the Olympics using
three types of swords - the foil, the épée and the sabre. Women compete in both team and
#5 Fencing
individual events at the Olympics using the foil and épée. Women’s épée events were
first added to the Olympic program during the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta.
Olympic Heroes
Aladar Gerevich
Aladar Gerevich is the only athlete in any sport
to win the same Olympic event six times. In
fact, he is the only athlete to earn gold medals
in six different Olympics. A specialist in sabre
fencing, Gerevich’s record probably would have
been even more extraordinary if his career had
not been interrupted when World War II forced
the cancellation of two Olympics. Gerevich
made his first Olympic appearance at the 1932
Los Angeles Games when he was 22 years old,
earning his first gold medal as a member of Hungary’s sabre team. At the 1936 Berlin
Games, Gerevich scored 17 wins against only 2 losses to lead the Hungarians to victory
in the team sabre event. He then earned a bronze medal in the individual sabre. He also
competed in the team foil event, placing seventh. After the war, Gerevich returned to the
1948 Olympics stronger than ever. Not only did he win another gold medal in the team
sabre and place fifth in the team foil, he earned the gold medal in the individual sabre
with a record of 19 wins and only one loss. At the 1952 Helsinki Games, Gerevich won
a complete set of medals: bronze in team foil, gold in team sabre and silver in individual
sabre. In 1956, Gerevich placed fifth in the individual sabre and again helped extend the
Hungarian winning streak in the team sabre. He made his final Olympic appearance at
the 1960 Rome Games - at the age of 50 - earning yet another gold medal in the team
sabre. Gerevich’s wife, Erna Bogen, his son, Pal Gerevich, and his father-in-law, Albert
Bogen, were also Olympic medalists.
Nedo Nadi
Nedo Nadi was the most versatile fencer
in history, uniquely winning an Olympic
title with each of the three weapons at the
same Games. In 1912, when he was only 18
years old, Nadi won the individual foil title
and then, in 1920, he produced one of the
greatest of all Olympic performances. First
#5 Fencing
he helped Italy win the team foil title. Then he added the gold medal in the individual
foil by winning 22 matches and losing only two. Nadi’s father, Beppe, considered the
épée to be an “undisciplined” weapon and forbade its use in his home. So Nedo would
sneak out to practice with it elsewhere. His insubordination paid off when he won a gold
medal in the team épée event in Antwerp. A few days later, Nadi also earned gold medals
in the individual and team sabre for a record five fencing medals at the same Games. His
brother, Aldo, also won a gold medal in each of the three team events. After the 1920
Olympics, Nedo Nadi taught as a professional in South America but on his return he was
reinstated as an amateur and served as President of the Italian Fencing Federation. Nadi
had fought in World War I and was decorated by the Italian government for bravery.
Rules and Techniques
Fencing combines the skills, techniques and courteous traditions of the past with modern
vigor and technology in a fast moving battle of wits. Speed and agility of mind, hand
and foot are the hallmarks of a top fencer. The aim is to hit the opponent without being
hit.
Clear thinking and the ability to focus are among the skills
that can be learned and developed through fencing. Powers of
observation and analysis also come into play in the struggle
for mastery - of self and opponent.
Fair play is an important part of fencing and the chivalrous
tradition of the past are demonstrated in the opening salute to
the opponent and the ‘president,’ as fencers call the referee,
and the fencers’ handshake after the bout.
There are three different weapons in fencing - foil, épée and
sabre. Men fence all three events, while women compete in
foil and, since the early 1980s, épée.
There are individual and team competitions in all three weapons. Teams consist of four
fencers and one reserve. Following a pre-determined order of bouts, each fencer competes against the fencers in the opposing team with the winning team being the first to
score nine victories.
In foil and sabre only one fencer can score a point at a time. For example, when one
fencer attacks, the other fencer must deflect the attack before trying to hit. So the priority to score can move back and forth between the fencers rather like the tennis ball in a
game of tennis.
#5 Fencing
In ÈpÈe the rules reflect the situation
of the duel and one or both fencers
can score at the same time, making
good timing vital.
Competitions are judged with the
aid of an electronic scoring apparatus, generally called ‘the box’ and
electric or electronic weapons. The
fencers are linked to the box by
wires which allow them to move
freely up and down the piste.
The referee or president has the task of deciding which fencer should be awarded the
point. The president watches both the fencers and the electronic scoring apparatus to
decide this.
In foil or ÈpÈe, hits are only made with the tip of the weapon. This tip is spring loaded
and depresses slightly (approx 1.5mm) when it hits the target. This lights up a colored
lamp on the electronic box on the side of the fencer who has been hit. The president
then calls a ‘halt’ to stop the bout and awards the point, raising his or her arm to indicate
which fencer scored in a similar manner to a volleyball referee.
At sabre, hits can be made either with the tip or the side of the blade. In a recent technological advance, a sensor inside the guard of the weapon is used to signal a hit has
been made on the target. The colored lamp on the box lights in the same way as for foil
and ÈpÈe.
Terms
Many terms used in fencing are current in everyday language, such as attack, counter
attack, parry, lunge and riposte. French is the official language of fencing, used in all
international competitions.
A bout is the encounter between two fencers; the first to score five hits wins.
The piste is the rectangular area (14m by 2m) where the bout takes place. Only hits scored
while the fencer is on the piste are valid. The fencers must stay facing one another on
the piste and do not change sides during the bout.
#5 Fencing
En garde is the command given by the president for the fencers to take up the fencing
guard position, ready to start the bout.
Pret? (Ready?) The president checks to make certain both fencers are ready to start.
Allez! (Fence!) The bout starts.
Halte! (Stop!) Both fencers must stop when the president gives his command (usually
after a hit has been scored).
Touché A fencer may acknowledge a hit received by saying “Touché” - it means ‘hit.’
Equipment
FOIL: Weighing no more than 250 grams is the smallest weapon, originally developed
as a training weapon for the duellist’s rapier. Beginners usually start by learning foil,
which explains why this weapon has the largest number of fencers. The target is the
trunk of the body and this is outlined by the sleeveless lamé jacket foilists wear over
their fencing jacket.
SABRE: Is the closest to the popular image of fencing in the Errol Flynn or Zorro style
with blades whirling through all three planes. Sabre hits are scored most often with the
edge of the blade although they can also be made with the point. The sabre evolved from
the broad-bladed cavalry sword and it is the lightest weapon.
The target at sabre is the body above the hips, including the head. Like foilists, Sabreurs
wear a lamé jacket, this time with sleeves as well as having lamé sewn on the mask.
ÈPÈE: Is the descendant of the
duellist’s rapier. An ÈpÈe weighs
up to 750 grams, with the whole
body, including head, arms and
feet as target. The ÈpÈe has a
distinctive large rounded guard
which protects the hand from the
opponent’s point. Both fencers
can score hits at the same time,
so good concentration and timing
are important to keep a step ahead
of the opponent.
#5 Fencing
Olympic Results in 2004 (Athens, Greece)
Men’s Individual Epee
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Men’s Individual Foil
Marcel Fischer, Switzerland
Wang Lei, China
Pavel Kolobkov, Russia
Brice Guyart, France
Salvatore Sanzo, Italy
Andrea Cassara, Italy
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Men’s Individual Sabre
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Women’s Individual Epee
Aldo Montano, Italy
Zsolt Nemcsik, Hungary
Vladislav Tretiak, Ukraine
Timea Nagy, Hungry
Laura Flessel-Colovic, France
Maureen Nisima, France
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Women’s Individual Foil
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Valentina Vezzali, Italy
Giovanna Trillini, Italy
Sylwia Gruchala, Poland
Women’s Individual Sabre
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Mariel Zagunis, United States
Tan Xue, China
Sada Jacobson, United States
#5 Fencing
Olympic Results in 2008 (Beijing, China)
Men’s Individual Epee
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Men’s Individual Foil
Matteo Tagliariol
Fabrice Jeannet
Jose Luis Abajo
Benjamin Kleibrink Germany
Yuki Ota
Japan
Salvatore Sanzo
Italy
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Italy
France
Spain
Men’s Individual Sabre
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Women’s Individual Epee
Man Zhong
Nicolas Lopez
Mihai Covaliu
China
France
Romania
Britta Heidemann
Maria Branza
Ildiko Mincza
Germany
Romania
Hungary
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Women’s Individual Foil
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Maria Valentina
Italy
Hyunhee Nam
Korea
Margherita GranbassiItaly
Women’s Individual Sabre
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Mariel Zagunis
Sada Jacobson
Becca Ward
USA
USA
USA
Hanna Thompson of the United States
competes against Victoria Nikichina of
Russia in Beijing
#5 Fencing
Packet #5
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Cross Word
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Across
2 An early fencing guild in Frankfurt, Germany
5 Founder of the modern Olympic Games
7 Fencing was the first Olympic Game to include them in competition
13 In 1924 a fencer from this country and Hungary had a real duel after the Games
15 In sabre, hits can be made with the tip or the ____ of the blade
17 The only athlete to win the same Olympic event six times
20 What fencers call the referee
Down
1 Gerevich came from this country
3 The term used to start the match
4 One of the three types of fencing weapons
6 They connect fencers to the scoring system
8 A flattened tip on the end of the weapon
9 One type of sword used in Olympic competition
10 Was the most versatile fencer in history
11 Fencing has a _____ elimination format
12 The invention of this protective equipment helped to advance the sport
14 It’s a playing area
16 She married Gerevich
18 The type of scoring system for fencing at the Olympics
19 The referee does this when a point is scored
#5 Fencing
Packet #5
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Search
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#5 Fencing
Packet #5
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Challenge
ELZLA
ORBICTNEU
NCOTERLIEC
ILTNINEOMAI
GFCNIEN
IOFL
HGREVCIE
ALTH
MRDABRUXRE
SKMA
NDAI
PETIS
PSINTERED
FREEREE
RAESB
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either be an “I” or an “A” or an “N” or an “A.” The second letter will be an “F” or an
“N” or an “A” or an “R.” Use all of the letters.
#5 Fencing
Sports of The Summer Olympics: Handball
The Sport
Packet #6
The modern game of handball was first played towards the end of the 19th century in
Denmark, Germany and Sweden. Field handball seems to be based on the games of
“Raffball” in Denmark and “Königsbergerball” in Germany. An athlete named G. Wallström introduced Sweden to the sport of “handball” in 1910.
After the men’s game debuted on turf football fields at the 1936 Games in Berlin, the
European-based sport next appeared in its present indoor form in 1972 at Munich. A
women’s division opened in 1976 and it has become one of the most highly attended
Olympic sports ever since.
Competition
Handball is a fast-paced game involving two teams of seven players who pass, throw,
catch and dribble a small ball with their hands while trying to score goals. The team
with the most goals wins the game. A game consists of two 30-minute halves with a
10-minute half-time break.
Men and women compete in separate events. The difference is that the men’s event features a 12-team tournament and the women’s features a 10-team tournament.
History
After being played in Denmark, Germany and Sweden around the turn of the century,
the sport evolved and grew in popularity in the early 1900s. The first set of rules for
field handball were drawn up in 1917 by Max Heiser, and in 1919 Berlin sports teacher
Karl Schelenz launched this form of handball played on a full size outdoor soccer field.
Later on he improved the rules and he is now generally regarded as one of the founding
fathers of handball.
#6 Handball
The International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF) was set up in 1928 on the occasion of the Olympic Games in Amsterdam. In 1938 the first Field Handball World Championship was played in Germany. The International Handball Federation was formed in
1946 by the eight founding members of the IAHF. At that time both the eleven-a-side
field handball played in Europe and a new seven-a-side indoor version preferred by the
Scandinavians had equal popularity. Between 1938 and 1966 both forms of handball
were played at separate World Championships.
The indoor version of field handball was
first present in the Munich 1972 Olympic
Games. A competition involving 16 men’s
teams was staged with Yugoslavia winning
the first Olympic gold medal.
Women’s handball was introduced at the
following Olympic Games in Montreal,
1976. The USSR won the gold medals in
both the eleven-team men’s and six-team
women’s competition.
Rules
1.
Object of the Game
Handball combines the elements of soccer and basketball, as six players move the ball
down a floor that is larger than a basketball court and try to score by throwing the ball
past a goalkeeper into the net. A successful scoring attempt results in the award of a single
point. Typical final scores in this action-packed game run in the mid twenties.
A regulation game is played in 30 minute halves with one team timeout per half. A coin
toss determines which team starts the game with a throw-off. The clock stops only for
team timeouts, injuries, and at the referee’s discretion.
2.
Field of Play
The court is slightly larger than a basketball court. Regulation size is 20x40 meters (65’7”
x 131’ 3”). All court lines are referred to by their measurement in meters.
The most significant line on the court is the 6-meter line or goal area line. Only the goalie
is allowed inside the goal area. Players may jump into the goal area if they release the
#6 Handball
ball before landing in the area. The 9-meter line, or free throw line, is used for minor
penalties, while the 7-meter line, or penalty line, is used for penalty shots, much like
penalty kicks in soccer.
A versatile game, team handball can be played indoors in the gym, outdoors on the grass,
on a paved area or on the beach.
3.
The Goal
An official goal measures 2 meters high (6’7”) and three meters wide (9’10”). The net
is one meter deep at the base of the goal.
4.
The Ball
A handball is made of leather and is about the size of a large softball. It varies in size
and weight according to the group playing. The ball for men weighs 15-17 oz. and is
23-24” in circumference. Women and juniors use a smaller ball weighing 12-14 oz. and
21-22” in circumference.
5.
Teams
A game is played between two teams. Seven players on each team are allowed on the
court at the same time (6 court players and 1 goalie). Unlimited substitution is allowed.
Substitutes may enter the game at any time through their own substitution area as long
as the players they are replacing have left the court.
6.
Playing the ball
Players are allowed to:
#6 Handball
• Dribble the ball for an unlimited amount of time
• Run with the ball for up to three steps before and after dribbles
• Hold the ball without moving for three seconds.
Players are not allowed to:
• Endanger an opponent with the ball
• Pull, hit, or punch the ball out of the hands of an opponent
• Contact the ball below the knees
7.
Penalties
Free-Throw – for a minor foul or violation, a
free throw is awarded to the opponents at the
exact spot it took place. If the foul occurs between the goal area line and the 9 meter line,
the throw is taken from the nearest point outside
the 9-meter line. All players on the team taking
a free-throw must be outside the 9-meter line.
Opponents must be 3 meters away from the ball
when the throw is taken.
7-Meter Penalty Shot is awarded when:
• • • A foul destroys a clear chance to score a goal
The goalie carries the ball back into the goalie area
A court player intentionally plays the ball to his or her own goalie in the
goal area and the goalie touches the ball
All players must be outside the free-throw line when the throw is taken. The player taking the throw has 3 seconds to shoot after the referee whistles. Any player may take the
7-meter throw.
Terms to know
Center back: A player centered largely around midcourt who directs the offence and
shoots or tries to penetrate the defense; also called a “playmaker.”
Corner throw: An offensive player’s throw from a corner at the offensive end of the
#6 Handball
court, restarting play after the ball has gone over the back line after being touched by a
defender other than the goalkeeper.
Court player: Any player on the court except a goalkeeper; also known as a “field
player.”
Dribble: To move the ball by bouncing it on the floor.
Four-meter line: A line four meters in front of a goal that marks the limit of where a goalkeeper may advance to defend against a penalty throw; also known as the “goalkeeper’s
restraining line.”
Free throw: A fresh start to offensive play without interference from the defense, awarded
for a minor offense by the opponent.
Goal area: The D-shaped area extending six meters from the goal and occupied only by
the goalkeeper.
Goal throw: A throw-in from a goalkeeper to a team-mate, restarting play after the goalkeeper or the opposition last touched the ball before it passed over the back line.
Harpaston: An ancient Roman team sport believed to be a forerunner to handball, in which
players threw a small ball to team-mates while trying to avoid opposing players.
Line player: An offensive player who plays largely around the six-meter line; also called
a “pivot.”
Penalty shoot-out: A tie-breaking system where,
after a tied game, players on each team try to
score against the opposing goalkeeper from the
penalty line to determine a winner.
Penalty throw: A seven-meter shot at the goal,
defended only by the goalkeeper and awarded
for a serious offense or because the defense illegally spoiled a clear chance to score a goal;
also called a “seven-meter throw.”
Red card: A card signifying a referee has ejected a player from the game.
#6 Handball
Referee throw: Similar to a jump ball in basketball, a throw into the air by the referee so
a player on each team can jump and try to gain control of the ball.
Throw-off: A throw from the center line to a team-mate at least three meters away and
behind the line, used to restart play.
Wing: A player who plays largely along the side of the court.
Yellow card: A card signifying the referee has warned a player about an infraction.
Denmark clinched their third straight Olympic women’s handball crown with a narrow victory over South
Korea which was decided 4-2 on penalties.
The scores were repeatedly locked in a dramatic match
in which the Koreans let a three-point second-half
lead slide. With just three seconds of normal time left,
Denmark’s Karin Mortensen produced a fine save to
force extra time.
Dane Katrine Frueland tied the game with a 34-34 score to take the game to penalties
where Mortensen twice denied the Koreans. Lim O Kyeong and Moon Pil Hee both saw
their consecutive efforts saved by the 26-year-old goalkeeper’s feet.
The Danes kept their cool in the shoot-out as Frueland, Lotte Kiaerskou, Line Daugaard
and Henriette Mikkelsen all converted their penalties to back up Mortensen’s good
work.
World Champion Croatia clinched the gold medal in the men’s handball competition after
fighting back from a half-time deficit to beat Germany. Russia took the men’s bronze.
#6 Handball
Women’s Handball
Gold - Norway
Silver - Russia
Bronze - Korea
Men’s Handball
Gold - France
Silver - Iceland
Bronze - Spain
Linnea Torstenson (L) of Sweden shoots
Balic of Croatia (L) and Prieto of Spain
Olivier Girault (L) of France shoots
#6 Handball
Packet #6
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Cross Word
1
Across
2 This card is used to eject a player from the game
4 The host to the Olympics when handball made its
debut
6 The ______ meter line is used for free throws
7 Shoot-outs are designed to break them
9 Handball combines the sport of ____ and basketball
11 This country won the first indoor gold medal for
team handball
15 One of the first countries to play team handball
18 The line player is also called this
19 He introduced handball to Sweden
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1 An ancient Roman team sport
3 Number of players on a handball team
5 Players cannot contact the ball below their _____
8 He drew up the first set of rules for team handball
10 The handball court is only a little larger than a
_____ court
11 This card is used as a warning
12 The six meter line is the ____ area line
13 Players can do this for an unlimited amount of time
16 The center back is usually at this location
17 The court player is also known as a _____ player
7
#6 Handball
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Packet #6
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Search
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#6 Handball
Packet #6
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Challenge
ABLABLTSKE
CADR
TCORU
KRDNAME
IDBELRB
ILEFD
OAGL
PAAHTSONR
EISHER
EESKN
EMLDA
ITCRUMOD
TVPOI
NMARO
SECOCR
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either be an “H” or an “E” or an “H.” The second letter will be an “A” or an “R” or an
“E.” Use all of the letters.
#6 Handball
Sports of The Summer Olympics: Volleyball
The Sport
Packet #7
Volleyball, like basketball, is a sport whose origin is known almost to the day. Oddly
enough, both sports were invented at the same college and within a few years of one
another. Volleyball was invented in 1895.
Volleyball quickly spread around the world and became more popular in other countries
than in the United States. The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) was formed
in 1946. The sport was introduced to the Olympics in 1964 by the Japanese, although it
was never contested as a demonstration sport at the Olympics. No country has been truly
dominant in volleyball, although the Soviet Union has won the most medals. Originally
the Japanese had the world’s best women players while the United States had the best
men’s team in the world throughout the 1980s.
Volleyball has now reached great heights of popularity in the United States and Brazil,
largely thanks to the discipline of beach volleyball.
The beach volleyball phenomenon, although hugely visible, is still just in its infancy. From
the first FIVB World Tour event just over ten years ago, to the overwhelming spectator
and television success of ‘Beach’ at the Atlanta 1996 and Sydney 2000 Olympic Games,
beach volleyball has opened up Volleyball to a completely new market.
Beach Volleyball
Because of the many difficulties of playing outdoors, such as the sand, the sun and the
wind, beach volleyball players must have outstanding ball skills and court speed. Partners must be well matched or opponents will win easy points by exploiting the weaker
player.
#7 Volleyball
In beach volleyball, matches are played best of three sets using the rally point system.
The first two sets are played to 21 points, with the final tie-breaker set being played to
15 points. A team must win a set by two points. There is no ceiling, so a set continues
until one of the teams gains a two-point advantage.
Beach volleyball first appeared in the early 1920s in Santa
Monica, California. It was intended as family fun. In no time,
though, the discipline had spread across the world and, by
1927, it was the chief recreational activity on some French
beaches.
The game reached countries like Czechoslovakia, Latvia and
Bulgaria by the 1930s. It then enjoyed a hike in popularity
back in the United States when the Depression left people
desperate for a break from their everyday work and heading
for the beach. The first official two-man tournament took
place in 1947, and the first beach-volleyball circuit, involving hundreds of players and five California beaches, began
in the 1950s.
Soon, the discipline had the critical ties to popular culture that
would launch it to new heights. Beauty contests began to add
to the whole show atmosphere. During a 1957 tournament,
the female star of the Hollywood film “Pajama Tops” was
named Queen of the Beach, and kissed the winning players.
One was Gene Selznick, the first King of the Beach in volleyball, who was fast gaining a large fan club.
In the 1960s, the Beatles appeared at Sorrento Beach in Los
Angeles for a hit. Marilyn Monroe and other film stars were
speaking favorably of the place, and United States president
John F. Kennedy even went for a look. The natural progression was for sponsors to follow with their prize money in
the 1970s, and by the end of that decade the discipline had
a new, professional life. Beach volleyball made its Olympic
debut in 1996 at Atlanta.
Volleyball’s History
In 1892, at a YMCA in Massachusetts, Dr Naismith hung up the peach baskets that gave
#7 Volleyball
birth to the game of basketball. William Morgan, his friend, studied the game and deemed
it perhaps too strenuous for a middle-aged businessman. Thus, three years later, Morgan
invented his own game. Another century later, his invention, volleyball, has emerged along
with basketball as one of the fastest, most powerful sports of the Olympic Games.
Morgan called his game “Mintonette.” However, a local professor quickly noted the ball
being volleyed over the net, and the sport almost immediately changed names.
From the outset, volleyball has been a game unafraid of
change from any direction. And it quickly went in many
directions. Thanks to the long tentacles of the international
YMCA network, Japan was playing the game by 1896, followed closely by other Asian countries. A specially designed
ball came into play in 1900, and, over the next 20 years, the
game developed to closely resemble the game of volleyball
as we know it today.
The set and spike originated in the Philippines in 1920.
Six-a-side play became standard in 1918. In 1920, the rules
mandating three hits per side and back-row attacks were
instituted.
Prior to Sydney 2000, the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) introduced a new
specialist role: the libero. This player wears a different colored uniform from the rest
of the team and can be substituted in backcourt for any player on the team. The libero
cannot serve, spike the ball over the net or rotate into the front-line positions, but plays
a vital role for the team in serve reception and backcourt defense. There must be at least
one point played between a libero substituting off for a player and going back on the
court for another player - hence he or she cannot be on the court for the whole game. The
libero added an extra dimension to backcourt defense during the Sydney 2000 Games,
improving the reception of teams, lengthening the rallies and giving a vital role to shorter
players.
The Game
Matches are played best of five sets. The first four sets are played to 25 points, with the
final set being played to 15 points. A team must win a set by two points. There is no ceiling, so a set continues until one of the teams gains a two-point advantage. Previously,
all sets were to 15 points, with the first four sets having a ceiling of 17 and the final set
requiring at least a two-point winning advantage.
#7 Volleyball
Olympic History
Indoor Volleyball made its Olympic Games debut in Tokyo in
1964, with the Soviet Union winning the men’s gold medal
and the Japanese women being crowned as champions in
front of their home crowd. Since then, volleyball has continued to witness the rise and fall of great international teams,
with countries as diverse as Cuba, Brazil, the Soviet Union,
China, the United States, the Netherlands, Poland and Japan
collecting gold medals. While power and height have become
vital components of international teams, the ability of teams
and coaches to devise new tactics, strategies and skills have
been crucial for success at the Olympic Games.
Volleyball Terms
Ace: A serve that lands in the opponent’s court without being touched.
Attack: An attempt by a player to win a point by hitting the ball over the net.
Block: To block an opposing player from spiking the ball by jumping at the net with
arms in the air.
Dig: A defensive move in which both arms are placed together
in an attempt to bounce a hard-hit ball up into the air.
Fault: A foul or error which results in the loss of the rally.
Hit: To touch the ball as an offensive player, one of three
“hits” allowed a team in getting the ball back over the net.
Hold: To let the ball settle into the hands briefly on a shot
instead of releasing it immediately.
Kill: To smash the ball overarm into the opponent’s court;
also called a “spike.”
Libero: A substitute defensive player especially adept at digging.
Rally: The exchange of plays that decides each point.
#7 Volleyball
Rotate: To move to the next position on the floor in a clockwise manner.
Serve: The stroke used to put the ball in play at the start of
each rally.
Setter: A player who excels in setting up team-mates to attack.
Spike: To smash the ball overarm into the opponent’s court;
also called a “kill.”
Olympic Results 2004
MEN INDOOR RESULTS
GOLD SILVER
BRONZE Brazil
Italy
Russia
WOMEN INDOOR RESULTS
GOLD
SILVER
BRONZE
China
Russia
Cuba
MEN BEACH RESULTS
GOLD
SILVER
BRONZE
Emanuel Rego and Ricardo Santos - Brazil
Javier Bosma and Pablo Herrera - Spain
Patrick Heuscher and Stefan Kobel - Switzerland
WOMEN BEACH RESULTS
GOLD
SILVER
BRONZE
Misty May and Kerri Walsh - USA
Shelda Bede and Adrian Behar - Brazil
Holly McPeak and Elaine Youngs - USA
#7 Volleyball
MEN INDOOR RESULTS
GOLD SILVER
BRONZE USA
Brazil
Russia
WOMEN INDOOR RESULTS
GOLD
SILVER
BRONZE
Brazil
USA
China
MEN BEACH RESULTS
GOLD
SILVER
BRONZE
Rogers/Dalhausser
Araujo/Fabio Luiz
Ricardo/Emanuel
USA
Brazil
Brazil
Ricardo Santos (L) spikes the
ball over Renato Gomes
WOMEN BEACH RESULTS
GOLD
SILVER
BRONZE
Walsh/May-Treanor USA
Tian Jia/Wang
China
Xue/Zhang Xi
China
Misty May-Treanor of US spikes against China
Clayton Stanley of the United States spikes
#7 Volleyball
Packet #7
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Cross Word
1
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3
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7
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9
Across
12
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2 The Olympic Games here saw the
first beach competition
5 This California Beach became a
hot spot for volleyball
16
6 The libero cannot do this with the
ball
9 This country is experiencing great
popularity in volleball
18
12 He invented volleyball
13 This economic event in the 1930s
left people desperate for a break
15 Another term for spike
16 A foul or an error
17 This serve scores a point without being touched by the opponents
18 The “dig” is a ______ move
10
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14
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Down
1 This state saw the first beach volleyball games
3 This player wears a different colored uniform
4 Sponsors soon provided this to further increase the popularity of the sport
7 This presents one of the many difficulties with playing volleyball outdoors
8 Volleyball was invented at this college
9 This volleyball discipline has helped popularize volleyball in the US
10 The set and ______ developed in the Philippines
11 The Olympic Games were held here in 1964
12 The first name given to the game known today as “volleyball”
14 The first “King of the Beach” in volleyball
#7 Volleyball
Packet #7
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Search
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LIBERO
MINTONETTE
MORGAN
SELZNICK
SERVE
SORRENTO
SPIKE
SPRINGFIELD
TOKYO
VOLLEYBALL
WIND
#7 Volleyball
Packet #7
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Challenge
TNALATA
BHEAC
ILANOCFARI
ESDVFNIEE
FLTAU
OEIRLB
TOTIEMNTEN
OARMGN
IKSNZCEL
SRVEE
OOSENRTR
PIKSE
GIIDLPEFRNS
YOTKO
ELLVLBAYLO
-
either be an “A” or an “N” or a “B” or a “Y.” The second letter will be a “D” or an
“N” or an “E.” Use all of the letters.
#7 Volleyball
Sports of The Summer Olympics: Pentathlon
The Sport
Packet #8
Pentathletes shoot, fence, swim, compete in showjumping and run. Five tests of endurance and athletic versatility.
Previously held over four to six days, the pentathlon reverted to its true character at the
Atlanta Games in 1996 with a one-day event.
Shooting comes first. The pentathletes have 40 seconds
to fire 20 shots from an air pistol at a 17cm-square target
from 10 meters. Fencing follows, with a round-robin
competition between each participant. Swimming is third,
a freestyle race over 200 meters, with athletes seeded in
heats according to their personal best times.
Once they have dried off, the pentathletes head to the
showjumping ring, where they have 20 minutes to get
to know the horse before riding. The final event is the
3,000m run, with the pentathletes set off at intervals corresponding to their points so the first person across the
line wins the gold medal.
History
A young French cavalry officer of the 19th century was sent on horseback to deliver a
message. He rode across the uneven terrain, through enemy lines, and was confronted
by a soldier with his sword drawn. Challenged to a duel, the officer won, only to have
his horse shot out from under him by another enemy soldier.
After hitting that soldier with a single shot,
the officer ran on. He swam across a raging river, and then finally he delivered the
message. So, legend has it, was born the
modern pentathlon.
The brainchild of Baron Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic
Games, the event was based upon the
#8 Pentathlon
unlucky officer and introduced into the Stockholm Games
of 1912. Only remotely resembling the ancient pentathlon
inspired by the warmongering Spartans, modern pentathletes
shoot, fence, swim, compete in show jumping and run - five
events testing endurance as well as athletic versatility.
The Baron envisioned a competition that would determine
the greatest all-around sportsman, similar to the pentathlon of
the ancient Olympic Games. In Aristotle’s words: “The most
perfect sportsmen, therefore, are the pentathletes because in
their bodies strength and speed are combined in beautiful
harmony.”
The modern pentathlon consists of shooting, fencing, swimming, riding, and running.
Initially called “military pentathlon,” the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne
(UIPM) described the choice of events as follows: “The choice of the five diverse and
unrelated sports which make up the Modern Pentathlon arose out of the romantic, rough
adventures of a liaison officer whose horse is brought down in enemy territory; having
defended himself with this pistol and sword he swims across a raging river and delivers
the message on foot.”
Olympic History
The sport first appeared on the Olympic program in 1912.
The order of the events is as follows: shooting, fencing,
swimming, riding and running. The riding is a cross-country
steeplechase course. Fencing is a series of one-touch bouts
with épée swords. For many years, the shooting was done
with a rapid-fire pistol, but this was changed in 1992 to an
air pistol. Until the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, the swim
was 300 meters freestyle and the run was a 4000 meter
cross-country event. In Sydney, however, the distances were
changed to 200 meters for swimming and 3000 meters for
running, and women competed for the first time.
Modern pentathlon was originally dominated by the Swedes. Since World War II the
Hungarians and the Soviets have become the top countries. Scoring was originally done
by a points-for-place system with the lowest score winning, but since 1956 the competition has been scored using points tables for each of the five events.
#8 Pentathlon
Terms to Know
10 ring: The preferred term for the black center ring of the target, worth 10 points; also known as “bull” and “bullseye.”
Aid: A prompt that a rider gives a horse, using the hands,
legs, voice or body weight.
Beat: In fencing, a sharp tap on an opponent’s blade to initiate or threaten an attack.
Black card: A card from the referee signifying a fencer has
been expelled.
Bore: The interior diameter of a gun barrel.
Canter: An easy gait of a horse (between a trot and a gallop in speed) where, in the course
of each stride, three legs are off the ground at once.
Combination: In the riding discipline, a series of jumps one or two strides apart.
Corps-a-corps: Any position, often involving body contact, where two fencers are engaged in a way that allows neither to use his or her weapon.
Counter-parry: A defensive move where a fencer goes around the opponent’s blade and
moves it away.
Counter-riposte: A counterattack by a fencer who just blocked the opponent’s counterattack.
Engage: To make contact blade-to-blade in
fencing.
Fault: In the riding discipline, a unit of scoring
equal to each point a rider is penalized for committing an error.
Feint: In fencing, a false attack designed to force
an opponent into a reaction that opens the way
to a genuine attack.
#8 Pentathlon
Fleche: A running attack in fencing.
Gait: Any of a horse’s characteristic motions, including, in order of speed, a walk, trot,
canter or gallop.
Lath: In the riding discipline, the thin strip that defines the boundary of a water jump.
Lunge: The basic attack in fencing where a fencer closes the distance with his or her
opponent by moving the front leg forward while the back leg remains stationary and
straightens out.
On the bit: A term used for a horse being restrained by pressure on the bit.
Parry: A defensive action where a fencer blocks the opponent’s blade.
Piste: French for the playing strip where a fencing bout occurs; also called a “strip.”
Recover: In fencing, to return to the en garde position after lunging.
Riposte: A counterattack by a fencer who just has blocked an attack by the opponent.
Thrust: To stab or pierce with a sword.
Women’s Pentathlon
Gold: Zsuzsanna Voros
Silver: Jelena Rublevska
Bronze: Georgina Harland
HUN
LAT
GBR
Men’s Pentathlon
Gold: Andrey Moiseev
Silver: A. Zadneprovskis
Bronze: Libor Capalini
RUS
LITH
C. REP.
#8 Pentathlon
Women’s Pentathlon
Gold: SCHONEBORN Lena, Germany
Silver: FELL Heather, Great Britain
Bronze: TERESHUK Victoria,Ukraine
Men’s Pentathlon
Gold: MOISEEV Andrey, Russian Fed.
Silver: KRUNGOLCAS Edvinas, Lithuania
Bronze: ZADNEPROVSKIS Andrejus, Lithuania
Viktor Horvath (L) of Hungary competes
Andrei Moiseev (No. 1)
runs towards the finish line
#8 Pentathlon
Packet #8
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Cross Word
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Across
3 The pentathlon tests
an athlete’s
_____ and
versatility
5 The number
of events in
the pentathlon
6 He said the
most perfect sportsmen are the pentathletes
9 This type of gun is used in the sport
10 The first event in the pentathlon
11 A calvary officer from this country is said to have provided the idea for the pentathlon
13 When two fencers start their competition
14 A fencer gets expelled with a card of this color
15 To return to the “en garde” position
17 At first, the sport was called the “_____ pentathlon”
14
15
17
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18
Down
1 One of the events in which the pentathlete competes
2 The pentathletes must do this with their horses
4 At this Olympic Games the pentathlon was held in one day
7 The type of sword used in the fencing segment
8 The Olympic Games were held here in 1912
10 The third event in the pentathlon
11 A false attack
12 He introduced the sport at the 1912 Olympics
16 A counterattack
18 In the riding part of the competition, this marks the boundary of a water jump
#8 Pentathlon
Packet #8
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Search
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ATLANTA
COUBERTIN
COUNTERATTACK
ENDURANCE
ENGAGE
EPEE
FEINT
FENCING
FRANCE
JUMP
MILITARY
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OLYMPICS
PENTATHLON
PISTOL
POSITION
RECOVER
RIPOSTE
SHOOTING
STOCKHOLM
SWIMMING
VERSATILITY
#8 Pentathlon
Packet #8
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Challenge
IERLSTAOT
TTALAAN
EBCIORTNU
NAUEDCNER
AEGGEN
NETIF
GIECNNF
CAENFR
IAMRYTIL
PYISOLMC
POTHLTAENN
IOLPST
RRCEOEV
IRESTOP
SKLCHOOMT
-
either be a “T” or an “O” or a “T” or an “R.” The second letter will be an “R” or an
“H” or an “E” or an “R” or an “A.” Use all of the letters.
#8 Pentathlon
Sports of The Summer Olympics: Taekwondo
The Sport
Packet #9
Various Korean forms of martial arts have existed for centuries but in the early 20th
century, taekwondo became the dominant form. In 1955 a group of Korean martial arts
leaders chose taekwondo as the definitive Korean martial art in an attempt to promote
its development internationally.
In 1973, the Korean government recognized the
World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) as the legitimate governing body of the sport, and the first World
Championships were held in that year.
Competition
The Olympic competition format includes four weight classes each for men and women,
half the number used in World Championships. It involves a single-elimination tournament to decide the gold and silver medals.
All competitors defeated by the two finalists get another chance in a second bracket to
compete for the bronze. The two losing semi-finalists move directly into the semi-finals
of that second bracket. All others who lost to the two finalists compete in single elimination within their original pools, and two winners emerge to fill the remaining semi-final
spots. Each pool’s winner then faces the losing semi-finalist from the opposite pool, and
the two winners compete for the bronze.
Contests are scored by awarding a point for each legitimate
blow and deducting a point for each penalty. Five to seven
points with one deduction is typical.
Players work to force their opponents into an unbalanced
position by pushing and pulling. This can be done in at least
eight different directions and for each direction an appropriate throwing technique can be utilized.
Throws are awarded scores as follows:
Ippon: The ippon is the maximum score (10 points) and once
scored the contest is over. An ippon can be scored by completThe Olympic Games: Summer Sports
#9 Taekwondo
ing a perfect throw, holding the opponent down for 30 seconds or gaining a submission
from an armlock or a strangle.
Waza-ari: A waza-ari (7 points) is awarded for
a near perfect throw or for a hold of at least 25
seconds but less than 30 seconds. The scoring of
two waza-aris (waza-ari-awasete-ippon) brings
the contest to an end.
Yuko: A yuko (5 points) is scored when a throw
is not quite the value of a waza-ari or if the
hold is more than 20 seconds but less than 25
seconds.
Koka: A koka (2 points) is called when the throw has not been as effective as the yuko
and the fighter has landed on his thigh(s) or buttocks with speed or force.
If the contest has not been automatically brought to an end by scoring an ippon or wazaari-awasete-ippon then the highest scoring throw will decide the winner.
Points can be deducted for infringements, like talking during a contest, employing dangerous tactics or moving outside the area. The following all carry penalty points: chui
- 3 points, keikoku - 7 points, hansoku - 10 points.
The general rule is that a player must have a grip of an opponent at all times. The elbows are kept slightly bent with the left hand holding the opponent’s right sleeve near
the elbow and the right hand holding the opponent’s left lapel.
A contest is limited to 5 minutes for adults.
History
Taekwondo is a traditional Korean martial art,
which means “the way of kicking and striking.”
In taekwondo, the hands and feet are used to
overcome an opponent, but the trademark of the
sport is its combination of kick movements. Its
origins are not well known but three possibilities are often described. One traces taekwondo
to Korea’s three-kingdom era (ca. 50 BC) when
#9 Taekwondo
Silla Dynasty warriors, the Hwarang, began to develop a martial art, tae kyon (“foothand”). Others feel that taekwondo began as a form of Chinese boxing, which was established at the Shaolin Temple in 520 BC by Bodhidharma, the founder of Zen Buddhism.
A third possibility is that taekwondo developed from Japanese or Okinawan karate. It
is now felt that taekwondo probably developed from other Asian martial arts combined
with traditional Korean techniques of kickboxing.
Various Korean forms of martial arts have existed but in the early 20th century, taekwondo
became the dominant form. In 1955, a group of
Korean martial arts leaders chose taekwondo as
the definitive Korean martial art in an attempt
to promote its development internationally. In
1973, the Korean government recognized the
World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) as the
legitimate governing body of the sport, and the
first World Championships were held in that
year.
Olympic History
Taekwondo was featured on the program of the 1988 and 1992 Olympics as a demonstration sport. At the 103rd International Olympic Committee Session, held in Paris in
1994, taekwondo became an official medal sport beginning with the 2000 Olympics in
Sydney. During those Games, 103 athletes - 55 men and 48 women - from 51 countries
took part in the taekwondo competition.
Terms to Know
Attention line: The demarcating line between the Contest Area and the Attention Area.
Boundary line: The unmarked marginal line around the outside of the Contest Area,
defining the outer edge of the mat.
#9 Taekwondo
Cha-ryeot: The referee’s command to adopt a position of attention.
Chung: The contestant wearing blue.
Deuk-jeom: A point.
Gam-jeom: A penalty that automatically costs
a contestant a point.
Hong: The contestant wearing red.
Joon-bi: The referee’s command to get ready
to start the contest.
Kal-yeo: The referee’s command to break, or move away from a downed opponent.
Keu-man: The referee’s command to stop the contest.
Kyeong-rye: The referee’s command to bow.
Kye-shi: The referee’s command to suspend the match while a fighter receives first
aid.
Kye-sok: The referee’s command to continue.
Kyong-go: A warning for violating a rule, costing half a point but not deducted unless it
combines with a previous warning to make a whole point.
Scoring area: The area of the opponent’s face or body where a legitimate strike may be
made to score a point.
Shi-gan: The referee’s command to suspend the match for reasons other than medical
assistance.
Shi-jak: The referee’s command to start the contest.
Su-bak: A self-defence art practised in Korea 800 years ago, apparently used as sport to
entertain spectators.
Sudden death: A method of resolving a gold-medal contest in the Olympic Games that
has resulted in a tie by playing a fourth round in which the first person to score is the
winner.
#9 Taekwondo
Taekwondo: A modern form of martial art meaning “way of hands and feet” and descended
from ancient Korean martial arts.
Yeo-dul: Eight in Korean, ending the mandatory eight-count a downed contestant must
take even if he wants to resume sparring.
Yeol: The number ten in Korean, indicating the end of a full count and, hence, a knockout.
A Famous Olympian
David Douillet first competed in the Olympics in 1992, earning a bronze medal in judo’s
heavyweight category. At the Atlanta Games four years later, Douillet discovered that
his semifinal opponent was Naoya Ogawa, the same man who had defeated him in the
semifinals in 1992. This time, in what Douillet termed “the final before the final,” he
achieved a narrow victory. The real final was easier, as he defeated Ernesto Pérez with
an inner thigh throw. Shortly after the 1996 Olympics, Douillet was seriously injured in
a motorbike accident. Fortunately, he recovered in time to compete in the Sydney Olympics in 2000, where he again won the gold medal, this time with a controversial victory
in the final over Shinichi Shinohara. In 2001, he received the Olympic Order from Juan
Antonio Samaranch, then President of the International Olympic Committee.
(Athens, Greece)
Men
Under 58kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Mu Yen Chu, Taiwan
Oscar Salazar Blanco, Mexico
Tamer Bayoumi, Egypt
Under 68 kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Hadi Saei Bonehkohal, Iran
Chih Hsiung Huang, Taiwan
Song Myeong-seob, South Korea
#9 Taekwondo
Under 80 kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Steven Lopez, United States
Bahri Tanrikulu, Turkey
Yossef Karami, Iran
Over 80 kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Moon Dae-sung, South Korea
Alexandros Nikolaidis, Greece
Pascal Gentil, France
Women
Under 49 kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Shih Hsin Chen, Taiwan
Yanelis Yuliet Labrada Diaz, Cuba
Yaowapaolchai, Thialand
Under 57 kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Jang Ji-won, South Korea
Nia Abdallah, USA
Iridia Salazar Blanco, Mexico
Under 67 kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Wei Luo, China
Elisavat Mystakidou, Greece
Kyung Sun Hwang, Korea
Over 67 kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
Zhong Chen, China
Myriam Baverel, France
Adriana Carmona, Venezuala
#9 Taekwondo
Men
Under 58kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
PEREZ Guillermo, Mexico
MERCEDES Yulis Gabriel, Dominican Rep.
CHU Mu-Yen, Chinese Taipei
Under 68 kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
SON Taejin, Korea
LOPEZ Mark, United States
SUNG Yu-Chi, Chinese Taipei
Under 80 kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
SAEI Hadi, Iran
SARMIENTO Mauro, Italy
LOPEZ Steven, United States
Over 80 kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
CHA Dongmin, Korea
NIKOLAIDIS Alexandros, Greece
CHILMANOV Arman, Kazakhstan
Women
Under 49 kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
WU Jingyu,China
PUEDPONG Buttree, Thailand
CONTRERAS RIVERO Dalia,Venezuela
Under 57 kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
LIM Sujeong, Korea
TANRIKULU Azize, Turkey
LOPEZ Diana, United States
#9 Taekwondo
Under 67 kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
HWANG Kyungseon, Korea
SERGERIE Karine, Canada
EPANGUE Gwladys Patience, France
Over 67kg
Gold Medal:
Silver Medal:
Bronze Medal:
ESPINOZA Maria del Rosario, Mexico
SOLHEIM Nina, Norway
FALAVIGNA Natalia, Brazil Maria del Rosario Espinoza (L)
fights against Nina Solheim
Mauro Sarmiento (L) fights with Hadi Saei
#9 Taekwondo
Packet #9
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Cross Word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Across
5 Some say taekwondo began at this
temple in China
6 This is the maximum score and
finishes the competition
7 This is not permitted during the
contest
9 Taekwondo became an official
Olympic sport in this city
13 Kyeong-rye
14 This form of Korean martial arts
became the dominant form in the
20th centruy
15 Is worth five points
18 They were the Silla Dynasty warriors
11
12
10
13
14
15
16
17
18
Down
1 He won the Gold Medal in the Men’s over 100kg competition
2 This contestant wears red
3 The contest is limited to this many minutes
4 Competitors try to force each other into this type of position
5 Taekwondo means “the way of kicking and ______”
8 A player must have a _____ of an opponent at all times
10 When the referee says “Keu-man” he wants the contestants to do this
11 Competitors have a point deducted for each one of these
12 How many weight classes does the sport have for men and women?
14 The scoring of _____ waza-aris brings the contest to an end
16 This throw is one of the least effective
17 This contestant wears blue
#9 Taekwondo
Packet #9
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Search
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PENALTY
PLAYER
REFEREE
SHAOLIN
STRIKING
TAEKWONDO
TALKING
UNBALANCED
WAZA
YUKO
CHUNG
COMPETITION
CONTESTANT
DOUILLET
HONG
HWARANG
IPPON
KICKING
KOKA
KYEONG
OPPONENT
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#9 Taekwondo
Packet #9
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Challenge
HNCGU
IMNTCTOEIPO
SNAOTTCENT
LEDIUOTL
GHRANWA
PNIPO
NIGIKCK
GNOEYK
PEPTNONO
ANPTEYL
RFREEEE
LIHSOAN
KIITGRSN
KNDWTAOEO
AUNCBLNEDA
-
either be a “T” or an “X” or an “I.” The second letter will be a “S” or an “H” or an “I.”
Use all of the letters.
#9 Taekwondo
Sports of The Symmer Olympics: Soccer (Football)
The Sport
Packet #10
Appropriately, the world’s most popular sport was the first sport played in the Sydney
2000 Olympic Games, starting even before the Opening Ceremony. With 1.6 million
tickets for sale, it attracted more spectators than any other sport.
While the modern game of soccer (football) started
with the foundation of the Football Association
of England in 1863, its roots extend to opposite
ends of the earth. The ancient Chinese, Greeks
and Romans played a similar game, long before
English kings in the 1300s and 1400s were trying
to outlaw the violent sport.
In 1900, soccer (football) became one of the first
team sports included in the Olympic Games. In
Sydney, therefore, the sport celebrated 100 years
of Olympic history. Women’s soccer (football)
was introduced at the 1996 Olympic Games,
where the final attracted a world record crowd for
a women’s sporting event of 76,000 people.
Competition
A soccer (football) match consists of a single game, lasting 90 minutes and divided into
45-minute halves.
While professionals are allowed in the men’s tournament, rules restrict teams to players under 23 years old with the exception of three over age players. Australia qualified
automatically in 2000 as host nation with the remaining 15 teams determined through
regional competitions. The teams are divided into four pools for a round-robin preliminary tournament, with the top two teams from each group advancing to the quarterfinals.
From here an elimination format leads ultimately to the gold medal final.
The women’s tournament is open to players who are at least 16 years old.
At the Athens 2004 Olympic Games there was an increase in the number of women’s
#10 Soccer (Football)
teams from 8 to 10. The men’s tournament did not change and was set at 16 teams.
In 2000, the tournament involved host Australia and the seven top-ranked finishers at
the 1999 FIFA(Federation of International Football) Women’s World Cup. The format
resembles the men’s, with a preliminary round-robin competition deciding which four
teams advance to the semifinals.
History
Soccer (football) is the world’s most popular game, played in more
countries than any other sport.
The origins of soccer (football) are vague. The Greeks played a game which loosely resembles its modern counterpart, as did the Romans. By the14th century it was so popular
in England that King Edward II issued a proclamation on April 13, 1314, forbidding the
game,“forasmuch as there is great noise in the city caused by hustling over large balls
from which many evils may arise which God forbid; we command and forbid, on behalf
of the King, on pain of imprisonment, such game to be used in the city in the future.” In
1349, King Edward III objected to the game because it prevented the practice of archery,
necessary for the military strength of the country. Banning the game had little effect,
however, as similar edicts had to be given in 1389 (by King Richard II), 1401 (by King
Henry IV), 1457 (by King James II), and right up to 1540 by King Henry VIII.
Gradually, despite the attempts to ban it, soccer (football) spread throughout the world,
becoming popular almost everywhere, with the United States being a notable exception.
Olympic soccer (football) tournaments were contested in 1900 and 1904, and the sport has been held
at every Olympics with the exception of 1932 in Los
Angeles.
Currently, professional players may compete at the
Olympics with some restrictions. The players must
be 23 years old or less, but three exceptions to this
age limit are allowed for each team.
Women’s soccer (football) appeared on the Olympic
program for the first time during the Atlanta Games in
1996. Women soccer players (footballers) also have
an Olympic age limit, but different from that of men. Olympic women players must be
at least 16 years old.
Terms to Know
Advantage: Allow play to continue when the team against
which an offense has been committed will benefit from
such an advantage.
Center circle: A circle in the middle of the field with a
radius of 9.15meters.
Center mark: Mid-point of the center circle from which the ball is kicked to start play
or restart play after a goal has been scored.
Charge: To initiate contact such as (shoulder-to-shoulder) bumping with an opponent in
an attempt to force the player to commit to either a pass or a run; it is an offense if the
referee considers it to be careless, reckless or using excessive force.
Corner kick: A kick from the corner of the field to team-mates lined up in front of the
goal, awarded to the attacking team when the ball goes over the goal line outside the
goal posts and the defending team touched it last.
Direct free kick: A free kick where the ball may be kicked directly at the goal.
Dribble: To move the ball along the field with the feet while maintaining possession.
Foul: Any illegal interference with an opposing
player, including kicking, pushing, shoving,
tripping and dangerous or aggressive play.
Free kick: A kick where the defense must stay
10 meters away, awarded after offenses ranging from the less serious, such as impeding a
player, to the more serious, such as dangerous
charging, striking, pushing, tripping, kicking or
an intentional handball.
Goal: A 2.44-meter by 7.32-meter (8-foot by 24-foot) area which the ball must enter
for a team to score.
Goal kick: A free kick from within the goal area, taken by the defending side if the ball
has crossed the goal line after being touched last by the attacking side.
Hand ball: A violation where a player other than the goalkeeper touches the ball with
the hands during play.
Header: To use the head to hit the ball.
Indirect free kick: A free kick where a goal can be scored
only after the ball has been passed to or touched by a
team-mate first.
Midfielder: One of the players generally positioned near
the middle of the field and primarily responsible for creating scoring opportunities for the strikers.
Offside: A violation where a player is closer to the other
team’s goal line than any defenders except the goalkeeper
when receiving a pass.
Penalty kick: A free kick from directly in front of the goal with only the goalkeeper defending, awarded when the defending team commits a foul within its penalty area.
Play the advantage: The referee’s option to ignore a violation if it would disrupt action
without providing any benefit to the opposing team.
Red card: An ejection from the game, either for two yellow cards or such serious offences as spitting, dangerous play, violence, an intentional handball or another foul that
prevents a goal from being scored.
Striker: An offensive player who generally plays far upfield and concentrates on trying to score goals.
Throw-in: A throw from a player on the sideline into the
field of play, awarded after the ball goes out over the
sideline.
Yellow card: A warning to a player for a serious foul or other offences such as persistent
fouling, dissent or unsportsmanlike behavior.
Results in Athens, 2004
When the final whistle blew, an exhausted Mia Hamm was quickly swarmed by 17 thrilled
U. S. teammates. A few minutes later, an Olympic gold medal was hanging around her
neck, too.
Hamm and the rest of the Fab Five had just
enough left in their thirtysomething legs for
one more title, beating Brazil 2-1 in overtime
in their final tournament together. “I can’t think
of a better group of players that I’d want to
stand out there and compete with,” Hamm said.
“They carried me tonight, that’s for sure.”
The game marked the final competitive appearance together for the remaining players
from the first World Cup championship team
in 1991.
In the final competition for the men, Carlos Tevez scored the only goal after 15 minutes
as Argentina beat Paraguay, 1-0 for the gold.
The silver was Paraguay’s first medal in any sport. Italy won the bronze by defeating
Iraq, 1-0.
Argentina won its third Olympic soccer medal.
Men’s Olympic Results - 2004
Gold:
Silver:
Bronze:
Argentina
Paraguay
Italy
Women’s Olympic Results - 2004
Gold:
Silver:
Bronze:
United States
Brazil
Germany
Results in Beijing, 2008
The US men’s team faced the 2000 Gold Medal team from Cameroon and came up short
early in the competition. The US women, on the other hand, lost their first match to 2000
Gold Medal winners Norway, but came back to win the 2008 Gold.
Men’s Olympic Results
Gold:
Silver:
Bronze:
Argentina
Nigeria
Brazil
Women’s Olympic Results
Gold:
Silver:
Bronze:
United States
Brazil
Germany
Di Maria (#11) of Argentina scores to win the gold
U.S striker Mary Wambach (2nd R) embraces
goalkeeper Nicole Barnhart (R) as they celebrate
Packet #10
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Cross Word
1
2
5
3
6
4
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Across
5 The world’s most popular sport
7 This player tries to set up scoring opportunities for the strikers
9 For the women’s competition, players must be at least _____
10 The 2004 Olympic Games was held here
12 This men’s team won the gold in 2000
14 This city saw the first women’s soccer competition
15 The _____ and the Romans played a game similar to soccer in ancient times
17 To use the head to hit the ball
19 The 2000 Olympics were held here
Down
1 Unlike bastekball, soccer players do this with their feet
2 Soccer is called by this name outside the US
3 This type of athlete is permitted to play in the men’s soccer tournament
4 The color of the warning card
6 Soccer is played in more of them than any other sport
8 If the referee holds up a card of this color, the player is kicked out
11 This English King made a law against playing soccer
12 When a player initiates contact with another player with a bump
13 This women’s team won the gold in 2000
16 This player concentrates on trying to score
18 One English king outlawed soccer because it kept his men from practicing this
Packet #10
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Search
M
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MIDFIELDER
NORWAY
OLYMPICS
POPULAR
PROFESSIONAL
SIXTEEN
SOCCER
STRIKER
SYDNEY
TOURNAMENT
YELLOW
ATHENS
ATLANTA
CAMEROON
CHARGE
COMPETITION
DRIBBLE
EDWARD
FOOTBALL
GREEKS
HEADER
KICK
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Packet #10
Name_____________________
Word Challenge
Date______________________
NEAHST
OCOANERM
ACREGH
OTTOINIPMEC
RLDIEBB
FLOATBLO
KSREEG
AHDERE
LFMEIREIDD
NRWAOY
CLIOYPSM
AULRPOP
FOIOSLEPNARS
OSCRCE
RSIEKRT
-
either be a “D” or an “A” or a “K” or an “E.” The second letter will be an “N” or an
“I” or an “R” or an “I.” Use all of the letters.
Sports of The Summer Olympics: Gymnastics
The Sport
Packet #11
A perfect fusion of athletics and aesthetics, gymnastics ranks among the defining sports
of the Olympic Games. Mixing strength and agility with style and grace, the high-flying
acrobats have provided many of the most breathtaking Olympic spectacles of the past
quarter-century.
Nadia Comeneci’s perfect 10 score at the 1976 Montreal
Games, the first ever awarded, remains the high-water
mark for most gymnastics fans. The 14-year-old Romanian
achieved the seemingly impossible seven times in Montreal,
a feat so unexpected that the scoring technology was set up
for only three digits. Her 10.00s were displayed as 1.00.
Gymnastics has a long proud history. The sport can be traced
back to ancient Greece, where such skills featured in the
ancient Olympic Games. Ancient Rome, Persia, India and
China practiced similar disciplines, mostly aimed at preparing young men for battle. The word itself derives from the
Greek word gymnos, meaning naked - dress requirements for
athletes in those days were minimal, to say the least.
The Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG) was
formed in July of 1881 when representatives of the gymnastics associations of Belgium, France and the Netherlands met
in Liège. As a governing body it is held in high esteem by
both its member federations and gymnastics clubs throughout five continents. In 1897, seventeen national associations
joined together to form the basis of the European Gymnastics
Federation. However, when the USA was admitted in 1921,
the Committee changed its name to the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique or FIG, as it is known today.
FIG comprises three Olympic disciplines: artistic, rhythmic
and trampoline.
Each discipline is controlled by a Technical Committee made up of a Technical President
and six members. The Technical Committees are responsible for the coordination and
#11 Gymnastics
control of their specific discipline in terms of the technical requirements for competition
as they relate to each specific discipline.
Artistic Gymnastics
In artistic events (performed on an apparatus), men compete in floor, pommel horse,
rings, vault, parallel bars and horizontal bars. Female gymnasts compete on the vault,
uneven bars, balance beam and floor. The competition includes all-round events and team
events, also scored over each apparatus.
Artistic Gymnastics: History
When gymnastics began in ancient Greece more than 2000
years ago, the gymnasium was the centre of cultural activity.
Men gathered there not only to practise sport, but to understand art, music and philosophy. The Greeks believed symmetry between the mind and body was possible only when
physical exercise was coupled with intellectual activity.
Today, gymnastics is often termed the ultimate combination
of sport and art, but the idea is nothing new. Plato, Aristotle
and Homer heartily advocated the strengthening qualities of
gymnastic activity. It is a philosophy that can be found in
much of their work.
The term “artistic gymnastics” emerged in the early 1800s to distinguish free-flowing
styles from the techniques used by the military. Although viewed as a novelty by many,
gymnastics competitions began to flourish in schools, athletic clubs and various organizations across Europe in the 1880s. When the Olympic movement was resurrected at
Athens in 1896, gymnastics made a fitting return.
The early Olympic Games featured some gymnastic disciplines
which could scarcely be deemed “artistic,” however. Rope climbing,
tumbling and club swinging were among the events that failed to
survive the refining process. At the World Championships, first held
in Antwerp in 1903, field events such as the pole vault, broad jump
and shot-put were even featured occasionally until 1954. Swimming
appeared once, at the 1922 championships.
The Olympic program began to settle in 1924, with men competing
#11 Gymnastics
for individual medals and in team events on each apparatus. Four years later, women
began competing in Olympic gymnastics at Amsterdam. By 1952, the Soviet Union had
become the leading force in Olympic gymnastics, its profile rising slowly after a group
of social reformers - including playwright Anton Chekhov - formed the Russian Gymnastic Federation in 1883.
Gymnastics has been present at every Olympic Games and continues to be one of the
most popular events.
Artistic Gymnastics: Equipment
STILL RINGS
Two parallel rings 50cm apart, suspended from a
cable and straps and held, one in each hand, for
a series of exercises in men’s artistic gymnastics
particularly requiring stillness of the body; also
called the “rings.”
UNEVEN BARS
An apparatus in women’s artistic gymnastics with a top bar 2.4m above the floor and a
lower bar 1.6m high, used for a continuous series of grip changes, releases, new grasps
and other complex moves.
HIGH BAR
A bar standing 2.75 meters high, used in men’s artistic gymnastics; also called the “horizontal bar.”
PARALLEL BARS
An apparatus consisting of two wooden rails on uprights, adjustable in height and used
for swinging, vaulting and balancing exercises in men’s artistic gymnastics.
POMMEL HORSE
A solid apparatus 115 centimeters high with two
handles, or pommels, on top that men in artistic
gymnastics use for a series of maneuvers defined
by complex hand placements and body positions
while holding themselves above the apparatus.
PLANE
An imaginary surface where moves are performed, including lateral, frontal, horizontal or
diagonal.
#11 Gymnastics
DIAGONAL PLANE
An imaginary surface at less than a 90-degree angle to the floor, where moves are performed.
HORIZONTAL PLANE
An imaginary surface, level with the ground, where moves are performed.
LATERAL PLANE
An imaginary surface to the side of, and parallel to, the body, where moves are performed.
SAFETY PLATFORM
A large, thick mat that sits on the floor at each end of the
trampoline to cushion the impact if anyone falls from the
apparatus.
VAULT
A solid apparatus similar to the pommel horse, but lacking
handles, and used in men’s and women’s artistic gymnastics
for a variety of handsprings from a running approach.
BEATBOARD
The springboard used in the men’s and women’s vault.
Rhythmic Gymnastics
Rhythmic gymnastics (performed with an apparatus) is strictly a women’s competition.
The gymnasts, accompanied by music, perform on a 13-meter-square floor area with rope,
hoop, ball, clubs and ribbon. In the individual event they perform different routines with
four of the five apparatus. In the team competition, teams of five perform together once
using clubs and once with two using hoops and three using ribbons.
#11 Gymnastics
Rhythmic Gymnastics: History
When rhythmic gymnastics first caught the attention of the Fédération Internationale de
Gymnastique (FIG) in the middle of the 20th century, its devotees were calling it “modern
gymnastics.” Yet its hazy history can clearly be traced to at least the last century.
In the 1800s rhythmic gymnastics operated under the guise of group gymnastics, and
included a trace of elementary choreography. It grew slowly until the first experimental
competitions appeared in Eastern Europe in the 1930s, but by the time the FIG became
interested, its complex floor routines had captured the attention of a wide circle of female
gymnasts.
Rhythmic gymnastics requires balletic grace and incorporates
many positions and leaps derived from classical ballet, including pliés, jetés, attitudes and arabesques. However, it also
grew out of the German system of emphasizing apparatus
work for muscle development, combined with the Swedish
system of free exercise for developing rhythm.
The FIG recognized rhythmic gymnastics as an official discipline in 1962 and, a year later, Budapest officials organized
an international tournament. In 1964 the tournament was officially declared the first Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships. Ludmila Savinkova of the Soviet Union became
the first world champion, partly because the field included a
total of only 28 gymnasts from 10 European countries.
The numbers swelled quickly though, as interest spread to other parts of the world.
Gymnasts from the United States first appeared at the championships in 1973, and
rhythmic gymnastics slowly emerged from the shadow of the long-established artistic
discipline.
The rhythmic individual all-around competition was introduced into the Olympic Games
in 1984, with Lori Fung winning gold for Canada. During the Sydney 2000 Games, the
Russian Federation took home the gold in both the group all-round competition and the
individual all-round competition.
#11 Gymnastics
Rhythmic Gymnastics: Equipment
BALL
The ball must be made of rubber or soft plastic, with a diameter
of 18-20cm. It must weigh at least 400g.
HOOP
The hoop may be made of wood or plastic, with an inner diameter of 80 to 90 centimeters. It must weigh at least 300 grams.
Performances must include at least three leaps.
ROPE
The rope, made from hemp or a similar material, has no set
length because it is relative to the height of the gymnast. Performances must include at least three leaps.
CLUBS
Gymnasts work with two bottle-shaped clubs of equal length, 40-50cm, and resembling
a slender bowling pin in shape. Made of wood or plastic and weighing at least 150g, the
clubs have a wide end (the body), a tapering middle section (the neck), and usually a
ball on the end (the head) with a maximum diameter of 30mm.
PLANE
An imaginary surface where moves are performed, including
lateral, frontal, horizontal or diagonal.
DIAGONAL PLANE
An imaginary surface, at less than a 90-degree angle to the floor,
where moves are performed.
HORIZONTAL PLANE
An imaginary surface, level with the ground, where moves are
performed.
LATERAL PLANE
An imaginary surface to the side of and parallel to the body, where moves are performed.
#11 Gymnastics
Trampoline
As of January 1, 1999, trampoline became a discipline of gymnastics at the Olympic Games.
Trampoline gymnastics debuted at the Sydney 2000 Games featuring both men’s and women’s individual events. The Russian
Federation took home two gold medals at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games as Alexander Moskalenko and Irina Karavaeva were
crowned with gold medals
Trampoline competitions are open to both men and women.
History
Gymnastics is an ancient sport which was practiced in various forms in ancient Greece
and Rome. Gymnastics competitions are, however, relatively modern. The modern development of gymnastics began in the mid-19th century in Europe. Gymnastics societies
were formed in Germany (Turnvereins) and the Bohemian part of the Austro-Hungarian
Empire (Sokols). Similar societies formed in France and Switzerland and then spread
generally throughout Europe.
In 1881, the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG)
was formed to organize competitions. Modern competitive gymnastics has developed from two systems: the German turnverein
system that emphasized muscular development and apparatus
work of a formal nature, and the Swedish system of free exercises that focused on developing rhythmic movements.
As of January 1999, trampoline became a discipline of gymnastics at the Olympic Games. Trampoline competitions for both
men and women were added to the Olympic program and made
their debut during the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.
#11 Gymnastics
Results in Athens, 2004
Women’s finals
Individual final (rope, hoop, ball and ribbon):
Gold
Alina Kabaeva, Russia
Silver
Irina Tchachina, Russia
Bronze
Anna Bessonova, Ukraine
Rhythmic gymnastics team final:
Gold Russia
Silver Italy
Bronze Bulgaria
Trampoline:
Gold
Ann Dogonadze, Germany
Silver Karen Cockburn, Canada
Bronze Huang Shanshan, China
Women’s floor exercise:
Gold
Catalina Ponor, Romania
Silver
Nicoleta Daniela Sofronie, Romania
Bronze
Patricia Moreno, Spain
Women’s beam:
Gold
Catalina Ponor, Romania
Silver
Carly Patterson, USA
Bronze
Alexandra Georgiana Eremia, Romanis
Individual all-round final:
Gold Carly Patterson, USA
Silver Svetlana Khorkina, Russia
Bronze Zhang Nan, China
Women’s team final:
Gold
Romania
Silver
USA
Bronze
Russia
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Men’s finals
Parallel bars final:
Gold Valeri Goncharov, Ukraine
Silver Hiroyuki Tomita, Japan
Bronze
Li Xiao-Peng, China
Horizontal bar final:
Gold
Igor Cassina, Italy
Silver Paul Hamm, USA
Bronze Isao Yoneda, Japan
Vault final:
Gold
Gervasio Deferr, Spain
Silver Evgeni Sapronenko, Latvia
Bronze Marian Dragulescu, Romania
Floor exercise:
Gold Kyle Shewfelt, Canada
Silver Marian Dragulescu, Romania
Bronze Jordan Jovtchev, Bulgaria
Pommel horse:
Gold
Teng Haibin, China
Silver
Marius Daniel Urzica, Romania
Bronze
Takehiro Kashima, Japan
Rings:
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Dimosthenis Tampakos, Greece
Jordan Jovtchev, Bulgaria
Yuri Chechi, Italy
Men’s individual all-around:
Gold
Paul Hamm, USA
Silver
Kim Dae Eun, South Korea
Bronze
Yang Tae Young, South Korea
Men’s team final:
Gold Silver
Bronze
Japan
USA
Romania
#11 Gymnastics
Results in Beijing, 2008
Women’s finals
Individual final (rope, hoop, ball and ribbon):
Gold
Evgeniya Kanaeva
Russian Fed.
Silver
Inna Zhukova
Belarus
Bronze
Anna Bessonova
Ukraine
Rhythmic gymnastics team final:
Gold Russian Fed.
Silver China
Bronze Belarus
Trampoline:
Gold
Wenna He
Silver Karen Cockburn
Bronze Ekaterina Khilko
China
Canada
Uzbekistan
Women’s floor exercise:
Gold
Sandra Izbasa
Silver
Shawn Johnson
Bronze
Nastia Liukin
Romania
USA
USA
Women’s beam:
Gold
Shawn Johnson
Silver
Nastia Liukin
Bronze
Fei Cheng
USA
USA
China
Individual all-round final:
Gold Nastia Liukin
Silver Shawn Johnson
Bronze Yilin Yang
USA
USA
China
Shawn Johnson
Women’s team final:
Gold
China
Silver
USA
Bronze
Romania
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Men’s finals
Parallel bars final:
Gold Xiaopena Li
Silver Wonchul Yoo
Bronze Anton Fokin
China
Korea
Uzbekistan
Horizontal bar final:
Gold
Kai Zou China
Silver Jonathan Horton USA
Bronze Fabian Hambuechen Germany
Vault final:
Gold
Leszek Lanik Poland
Silver Thomas Bouhail France
Bronze Anton Golotsutskov Russia
Floor exercise:
Gold Kai Zou China
Silver Gervasio Deferr Spain
Bronze Anton Golotsutskov Russia
Pommel horse:
Gold
Qin Xiao
Silver
Filip Ude
Bronze Louis Smith
Rings:
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Jonathan Horton
China
Croatia
Great Britain
Yibing Chen China
Wei Yang China
Oleksandr Vorobiov Ukraine
Men’s individual all-around:
Gold
Wei Yang
Silver
Kohei Uchimura
Bronze Benoit Caranobe
China
Japan
France
Men’s team final:
Gold Silver
Bronze
China
Japan
USA
Zou Kai
#11 Gymnastics
Packet #11
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Cross Word
1
2
3
4
5
Across
3 Another term for
7
8
“modern gymnastics”
4 She scored the first
11
perfect score
12
13
5 The Greeks believed
14
in ______ between
the mind and body
7 One of the three gym15
nastic disciplines
9 One of the pieces of
16
equipment used in
rhythmic gymnastics
11 It’s a horse without
handles
13 This was part of gymnastics in 1922 only
14 They are handles on
the horse
15 They are shaped like bowling pins
16 She was the first world rhythmic gymnastics champion
17 Rhythmic gymnastics uses many moves from classical _______
6
9
17
Down
1 The word “gymnastics” comes from this word
2 Nadia’s country
3 One of the Artistic events for men
6 This was an event included in early gymnastic competition that failed to survive
8 The most recently added gymnastic discipline
9 Another term for “high bar”
12 Imaginary surface where moves are performed
16 This city saw the first Olympic Trampoline competition
#11 Gymnastics
Packet #11
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Search
S
E
F
N
T
X
N
Y
C
Z
P
T
H
X
I
A
D
U
G
B
H
I
K
A
C
L
Y
L
E
T
A
I
O
Y
L
L
P
Y
U
T
M
P
Q
H
A
L
S
X
N
J
H
Z
A
J
J
O
M
L
I
D
U
T
L
Y
O
M
D
Z
J
E
O
E
Z
E
O
N
C
Z
N
A
D
P
E
A
L
I
K
P
D
E
U
M
M
H
A
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B
N
I
B
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Y
E
T
F
Y
T
P
M
K
S
V
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S
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A
N
Z
K
V
S
S
Y
T
N
Q
Y
G
B
I
H
Y
T
E
G
J
K
C
L
L
R
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M
F
J
R
R
O
E
R
E
I
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X
G
E
T
C
C
A
R
O
R
N
T
M
I
N
C
L
Q
S
G
M
E
E
I
V
H
S
A
L
W
O
S
N
I
S
Y
D
N
M
M
N
T
O
ARTISTIC
BALLET
CLUBS
COMENECI
GYMNASTICS
GYMNOS
HANDLES
HOOP
HORIZONTAL
HORSE
NADIA
E
L
U
L
V
N
N
H
G
L
S
K
I
O
M
E
S
K
P
A
B
Y
G
A
W
T
W
S
O
S
X
P
Y
M
I
N
V
N
X
N
A
E
G
S
G
X
T
P
O
A
S
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T
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A
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A
U
A
J
K
A
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D
A
A
C
D
M
C
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I
G
N
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B
M
U
T
R
Y
A
S
R
H
Y
T
H
M
I
C
C
O
Z
T
Z
E
J
T
G
N
PLANE
POMMELS
RHYTHMIC
RINGS
ROMANIA
SAVINKOVA
SYDNEY
SYMMETRY
TRAMPOLINE
TUMBLING
VAULT
#11 Gymnastics
Packet #11
Name_____________________
Date______________________
Word Challenge
TTCIRASI:
BTLAEL:
ICEEONCM:
YMASCTGNIS:
YGMSNO:
NLAEHSD:
TAZNIOLROH:
HOSRE:
ADIAN:
EANPL:
OLPMSEM:
HYHRMITC:
ISGNR:
IRNAOMA:
ORIEMPNLTA:
either be a “T” or an “E” or a “G.” The second letter will be a “Y” or an “H” or an
“N.” Use all of the letters.
#11 Gymnastics
Teacher Answers: Archery
1
B
O
Packet #1
W
U
L
2
3
6
9
F
A
I
R
L
D
Y
N
E
E
M
U
N
I
C
10
H
Q
H
13
S
N
H
A
N
O
C
G
H
14
A
15
S
R
R
O
W
F
T
ARCHERY:
ARROW:
BOW:
BULLSEYE:
COMPETITION:
CONCENTRIC:
EQYPTIANS:
FLETCHING:
MUNICH:
NOCK:
OLYMPICS:
QUIVER:
SHAFT:
STRAIGHT:
STRINGS:
R
A
I
G
S
A
T
H
L
G
U
E
8
N
4
R
5
Y
E
W
G
Y
P
T
I
U
I
I
V
E
R
12
C
O
A
N
L
M
I
11
E
7
A
T
M
W
L
B
S
C
B
E
E
N
R
T
K
R
O
I
R
C
E
16
H
A
T
A
N
D
S
B
F
S
B
D
H
W
E
P
I
Z
F
F
V
B
Y
M
W
A
C
C
H
P
P
V
V
P
T
A
L
T
E
J
U
I
C
W
H
P
A
H
H
D
W
E
I
E
H
L
R
N
L
K
O
P
S
N
I
I
H
Q
R
R
T
G
G
C
I
B
S
O
N
Teacher Answers
G
W
L
A
T
W
V
W
C
I
I
I
C
E
U
H
R
C
F
N
Q
J
G
C
E
H
A
U
P
H
R
N
P
A
E
E
H
P
C
C
I
A
I
R
M
M
F
Q
O
O
E
F
A
N
U
C
Z
Q
T
N
T
W
Y
F
P
S
J
C
D
T
Z
T
W
J
O
H
G
S
G
L
D
H
D
M
K
K
T
H
S
R
O
G
E
M
S
Z
O
S
V
N
V
S
B
U
S
F
A
I
B
R
K
B
P
N
E
E
A
T
D
A
I
C
K
M
I
C
Q
S
A
Y
U
E
A
H
L
O
N
F
S
M
D
E
R
Z
A
U
G
M
R
L
T
I
H
R
M
Y
N
B
B
P
N
B
M
R
I
N
E
E
L
I
T
K
W
W
W
K
G
C
J
N
N
Q
R
V
I
E
H
S
T
P
I
N
N
J
N
W
D
L
J
Y
B
O
E
R
N
C
E
I
Y
Q
U
N
A
P
G
Y
J
S
F
P
W
R
T
Y
R
Y
O
G
G
P
H
B
O
T
B
Z
V
W
M
P
D
S
D
A
E
N
E
E
S
A
R
K
Teacher Answers: Badminton
Packet #2
1
2
S
E
V
3
E
R
E
V
5
7
9
C
O
H
10
I
AGILITY:
BADMINTON:
BASELINE:
CARRY:
CHINA:
CONTROVERSIAL:
CORK:
COURT:
DROP:
FEINT:
FLICK:
NET:
POSTS:
SCORE:
SERVE:
N
N
11
D
T
R
O
V
E
D
R
A
D
M
I
12
P
B
A
A
I
8
I
S
4
I
A
G
O
I
6
B
I
R
T
L
T
C
O
N
R
K
E
D
13
R
E
E
A
E
M
S
S
O
E
N
L
S
I
N
T
N
A
R
E
17
C
A
F
R
R
Y
T
18
P
S
N
T
S
A
14
F
I
N
L
T
15
I
C
L
K
H
Y
I
S E D F R I M K A E U Y P C H C A A
S T N G E A D Q Z W J Q E K A G R A
J Q R
I
O
E
E
O
N
16
Y
T
T
H
T
N
G
L
N
I
N I
L B B J R R C R
P D S O L O N L
I
I
O I
I
Q R
I
R L C C K E
Q T S N K E I T Y C L Y I O Z N G A
C H C T K E S T S F M T N X D G W H
Q E K C Y R L A A P Y T E Q I
O I
J
U E U C L C Z P B R R D Z R X X P O
C L T Z D J O Z S O T O G D F A X L
M D D C H S W E V C C S L E L O P P
Y N N M T J R E I F H H N A E U G O
K E K S T V R O K O L
L V H R
I
S
I
I
I
O I
R Q R
S F G Y N N N M D H D
A E U N I J F Q R D U A B A E E N T
B O G A N E T F B P O E A H H S D I
C B L C O R K A
I
F Z D J G W N E L
B A T T L E D O R E E Z T F H H J J
B A D M I N T O N Q W T I D H B R B
Teacher Answers
Teacher Answers: Boxing
1
3
9
R
A
D
I
F
S
Q
D
N
G
E
S
C
A
T
I
O
N
O
U
T
H
P
I
N
O
C
R
O
C
E
E
C
T
E
H
H
R
E
A
E
S
A
N
D
O
M
U
R
13
O
U
E
D
BOXER:
BRONZE:
CLINCH:
CUBA:
DISQUALIFICATION:
DOWN:
FEATHERWEIGHT:
FIGHT:
KNOCKDOWN:
MOUTHPIECE:
REFEREE:
SAVON:
STEVENSON:
WARNING:
BELL:
M
M
S
16
F
N
E
A
10
K
K
B
E
L
11
D
O
L
W N
H
G
H
T
G
V
H
E
T
N
S
O
N
S Y G C D O W N S D R N R Y M C B K
F E S H U K D J P R F A H O I U N S
Z N E A C B U G Q R P T D P N O Q A
H S O R R N A C V B A N M Y C L Q V
O S E I E E I N D E A Y F K E B B O
D S Z G T F M L D R L E D E O N T N
E O A W F A E A C O A O I J F R H P
D I
S B J Q C R C T W Z S B D D S H
N Z O K E F F
I
H N S P C G Z V K
I
E M P I I V N E F S L W N X M L L F
P D H G K E R W K I U K E T T L L G
S C H A Z W A G H U L O S D H E E B
U T E N E R A E U F J A R R E G B M
S R O I N X Z F F E Y S U E E N I P
B R G I F E H F W R U O F Q G X X F
B H N V S W U F M O S M R A S N O A
T G G P E X N O S N E V E T S
S A W S L
Z
T
E
I
N
R
W
15
E
R
8
A
B
A
T
W
I
I
A
R
F
N
E
17
I
7
V
R
A
L
6
A
E
14
A
5
O
N
O
U
2
C
W
E
12
4
Packet #3
Teacher Answers
J E C E
I
I
A B
P H T U O M D D
Teacher Answers: Cycling
Packet #4
1
S
T
3
4
5
7
8
R
E
L
T
H
E
9
N
T
D
R
N
B
U
R
G
E
6
O
F
M
V
R
R
A
N
C
E
L
I
E
R
Y
I
A
N
K
N
L
M
A
A
D
I
I
14
N
B
S
O
N
11
S
O
N
N R K N C L R E C A R T E F M T Y W
K O E P D L E D M E N A R A W R R K
12
J
A
R
D
M
16
B
A
V
N
P
A
N
S T B B Q M K J V O T H R O N A B F
D E B R I E B E R N S A R E T C D F
R Y M I A F O F A M T I C G U K C T
X E H A N C Y L O H G N P A O Q M W
U A G Q G E T U O I
O
M
U
M
V
M
O
10
W
2
A
15
C
E
L
O
U
M
R
13
R
E
L
O
N
17
A
M
P
T
I
E
L
L
19
M
A
R
A
L
N
N
A
S
T
N
18
F
R
T
H
O
N
N
20
T
R
A
C
K
A
A L E G A P S Z
L Y H R L A N N N R O E K U K F N A
N E G R U T M A F E M L C A O D A N
T P A N A B L C O B V R G H L
I
E O
Q T E I J L N N M L T S O G A X P L
S C N A Y N B E A I Y N N O V W O E
Q F P J O X E U H M L M O I O E R C
R A X S M K K P M T D L P S R F U R
N O S D V Y S D U L O R A
I
I
I
E A
P A V E L O R S K N S R A N C D E B
M H C L G A O J N E M O W O H S A K
V E L O D R O M E O A D L C B N D M
Teacher Answers
ATLANTA:
CARBON:
FIBER:
FRANCE:
GAMES:
KEIRIN:
MADISON:
MARATHON:
MOUNTAIN:
OVAL:
RACE:
TRACK:
VELODROME:
WOMEN:
JAPAN:
Teacher Answers: Fencing
1
2
ALLEZ:
COUBERTIN:
ELECTRONIC:
ELIMINATION:
FENCING:
FOIL:
GEREVICH:
HALT:
MARXBRUDER:
MASK:
NADI:
PISTE:
PRESIDENT:
REFEREE:
SABRE:
M
3
A
R
X
B
R
H
U
L
N
L
G
E
A
7
Z
P
R
D
O
S
Y
E
N
U
S
L
N
G
E
A
A
C
D
R
B
T
H
U
L
R
R
4
6
15
F
U
K
C
E
5
Y
H
H
A
L
Packet #5
I
F
I
E
Z
8
F
E
9
W
S
S
I
F
O
I
10
O
C
N
A
L
U
B
11
A
R
A
I
B
E
D
N
S
L
R
S
I
G
K
E
E
D
F
P
P
Q
E
T
L
17
G
E
T
L
Y
I
N
M
O
16
I
R
12
S
13
E
R
A
18
E
14
P
V
I
C
19
H
R
L
S
N
E
T
L
A
C
E
T
V
M
A
W
J
G
X
E
B C W A N
V I L H N
R L P A I
E R M V G
Y
C
N
A
H
F
O
I
T Y L H A I I E Q S Z O R E Z X D L
R K Q I M R N N D P F E R Q L R I Z
Y Q M J V V Y G O E G E X E
I
20
P
A
T
R
E
S
I
D
E
N
T
O
N
I
C
R A F
C X F J T K T C S I G L W M K X C K
X R N C D I T S N P T E D O P N B G
A O U E T S I I U G R A R K Q Q I P
J G J B E O T F I H F E N N Y I J B
A F X T N R E C Y M L F S
W D S A E E H U W I E U E
I
I
A L O B
M G T U
W I L B R J L V D K U Q H L D I N F
P S U E R Y Q D Y B D H P K G E L W
G O F M A S K A H E Q Q E T P N N E
C E G H J I R E D U R B X R A M I T
R Q K C Q Y Z C I N O R T C E L E S
Teacher Answers
Teacher Answers: Team Handball
Packet #6
1
BASKETBALL:
CARD:
COURT:
DENMARK:
DRIBBLE:
FIELD:
GOAL:
HARPASTON:
HEISER:
KNEES:
MEDAL:
MIDCOURT:
PIVOT:
ROMAN:
SOCCER:
2
3
4
5
6
G
K
N
I
N
E
S
11
Y
D G C E W L R Y M V Y E N I
S D Z F K R N B
I
O
U
I
12
G
C
H
E
S
E
L
A
R
Y
L
L
N
Y
I
E
V
I
S
T
N
R
10
B
L
A
A
S
15
D
13
K
E
N
16
M
D
A
R
T
I
I
W
B
D
B
A
C
B
L
O
L
L
U
E
R L L
I
D
O
17
I
18
D L O B J W N
I
8
I
O
E
O
O
E E
L X D R U U F G N
T D C N C C K Y R P
C
R
A
7
E
A V N R U T X V T T Z M E E U B P
L C V S A A T V B L A D C
M
N F T E
W E E O W G M F F A M K B M I
L P S M M R O X B N I
R
E
N
A
P
E
V
E
9
S
H
D G H U O X M
P
19
F
I
K
R
V
O
T
L
S
T
E
W A
L
R
O
M
D
R N L X M C S O U M L P P L R G A E
O R W H K
I
M W A L K Q G F E K G F
M Q Q M E A O H A
I
S N F K Y R
I
N
B W Z U N L E B C U V O E N B Q A H
Y P P C L
I
T R K H B A C E E Y Z S
C L Y E S E Y P R D S J L C S V S L
U A Y E K B P N U D L F F S E S E M
S O R S L Q V W R P D A B
F G A R E D Z T
F B Y F
I
I
O R A S
I W A Y O F G G F F
T M P T W L
J D R A C U K
D U L D H Y H L N O T S A P R A H Y
Teacher Answers
Teacher Answers: Volleyball
Packet #7
L A J D C T W I N D M Q K A S N E X
D I T W E I O A T H U R C X F J X A
E
P
R
E
S
S
I
O
N
R
D
S
M
I
N
T
O
N
E
T
T
E
Y
N
B
V
O
L
L
E
Y
B
A
L
L
Z
L
E
F
O
U
L
U
F
Z
Z
P
T
K
A
R
K
M
E
G
X
V
D
T
I
F
C
N
O
J
P
U
X
B
E
P
M
Z
E
I
T
F
N
W
C
L
O
S
P
K
D
N
N
A
O
E
R
P
W
N
K
O
Y
L
S
Z
M
T
M
K
U
I
A
P
V
O
E
I
L
I
Q
U
P
L
O
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N
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V
E
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B
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F
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I
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A
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B
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A
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A
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C
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S
1
2
V U Z L L A E C N Y Z N Y E V R C W
G H V Z L W A O I A W D J I Y R Q H
B P B L I J C D R E E E Z Z S A E N
5
S
ATLANTA:
BEACH:
CALIFORNIA:
DEFENSIVE:
FAULT:
LIBERO:
MINTONETTE:
MORGAN:
SELZNICK:
SERVE:
SORRENTO:
SPIKE:
SPRINGFIELD:
TOKYO:
VOLLEYBALL:
12
M
9
S
R
B
G
A
C
N
N
H
F
I
E
E
T
I
B
F
E
O
R
R
A
A
N
E
N
O
D
T
6
7
Z
I
N
D
M
O
S
E
L
U
E
11
S
E
P
R
E
I
15
K
L
V
10
I
L
E
A
R
Y
N
13
A
N
W
T
14
S
T
S
I
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K
L
Y
Z
O
N
N
17
A
L
18
T
4
G
16
N
T
R
L
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3
L
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T
N
P
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A
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N P U C K E A B U Y X E T Z K R K S
8
C
I
C
E
K
E
F
E
N
S
I
V
E
E
Teacher Answers
Teacher Answers: Pentathlon
1
3
ARISTOTLE:
ATLANTA:
COUBERTIN:
ENDURANCE:
ENGAGE:
FEINT:
FENCING:
FRANCE:
MILITARY:
OLYMPICS:
PENTATHLON:
PISTOL:
RECOVER:
RIPOSTE:
STOCKHOLM:
5
8
10
S
H
O
O
F
T
I
E
N
N
D
J
U
N
M
C
P
I
S
2
F
V
T
11
C
M
K
I
M
H
N
I
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T
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E
M
I
N
C
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R
I
S
L
A
N
I
G
6
G
F
L
A
N
O
17
4
T
E
W
N
R
Packet #8
A
N
12
C
L
I
T
A
R
7
9
E
P
13
E
I
S
T
O
L
E
N
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A
G
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14
B
L
A
C
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15
Y
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16
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I
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P
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N
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S E U K A M L O H K C O T S E G L P
P W I
M O I
A V U F X X O K U W C N Y E A
N E H M C P W Q P O I M N E R
P V L
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I
S M T M I
L
T
F C O U B E R T
I
T
E
H
E
O
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18
T
T
E
N D M V V T P T J N I
M Y F U C W E O I A C U D S
T I N A R R O C T O F M U T
E J B R T I N D H H S H U Z N P R O
X U E A S A O G S H L N T S I G A T
Q K B Y X A R N H O T C W I J Q N L
C K X Z W K T Y N E D R C Q V Y C E
I K N D W P A I R R F W Y H V H E X
N
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V
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A
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A
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D
E I E S
I C P N
C T N O
R K Y A
S E N X Y
X X Z Y N
C E U W J
S I T V K
L T N C B R P Y G Z Z R V R T N X J
A E K K H D M C K U D N T X F E G G
Teacher Answers
Teacher Answers: Taekwondo
Packet #9
T G G T D M E E U N T O K U Y C C H
T A N N N D M O B L X P N K H O W P
1
A K L I I A N I C P X Y Y U M A E W
E O J K K K T V C A Z X N P R N O A
K K W X
I
I
C S L T T G E A A R L Z
2
W A X I Z N R I E V U T N L G G O A
O P L Q X W G T K T I G T P G M O E
3
6
N R I O B Y W O S T N Y V P F S Q B
D X Q B X C F S I O D O L E F W X S
4
F
I
P
P
V
7
E
O W T H D Y J O P U H O C D E D S S
O
T
D X E D R Q N P T Q V E U N K S L E
R S M D S G O N T T U U E I O B F G
D S P I N N I K U W R P R R L P J W
Z V R O E L C F F V E C J E E L P D
N A E N O Y H B Q R H F W W Y F E I
P Y T A P I X J L P X H B G R A E T
K D H H O N G P D W F F M E W E L R
B S N O L S V D E C N A L A B N U P
11
14
T
12
P
A
F
E
K
W O
W
N
U
O
A
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5
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A
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L
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L
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8
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N
N
C
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9
P
A
R
I
13
B
N
D
O
A
N
G
N
10
S
T
O
W
P
L
CHUNG
COMPETITION
CONTESTANT
DOUILLET
HWARANG
IPPON
KICKING
KYEONG
OPPONENT
PENALTY
PLAYER
REFEREE
SHAOLIN
STRIKING
TAEKWONDO
UNBALANCED
T
15
Y
U
16
K
17
C
K
H
W A
18
O
O
R
U
N
G
Teacher Answers
Teacher Answers: Soccer
Packet #10
1
2
5
S
3
F
O
C
6
C
L
D
E
8
R
E
L
D
B
N
A
T
L
R
9
E
S
X
T
H
T
I
I
O
N
10
A
L
11
E
A
D
C L
P B O H O K P L E
H Z L A R C K T L H F W N A T J L N
C K P S K V P B O E S
S
N
12
C
W
A
M
E
N
T
A
R
H
T
L
R
J C G F O O
E O J Y N K
N
W
14
H O M O M L Z H
X A U K R Y A R V E D
E
D
X E S E C H O S
C P W P S U I
O
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S
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T N
L
I
U Y E N L K R T M S E T R W E X W L
E C Z J X D E P A T I C F O S F O Y
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H K Q R L A L E S N L A M J Q I
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T O A T R E W B M B G T L N R O V O
I
I
B
P D O P E A H N Y M H R E B E O G G
U O Q F R L
F
F
X O Q K Y P F Z U K T B E E B H O I
A N L S Y C P
D
O
F N S U E L N D T W X N U D N I
I
I
U
U O Z Y F U J D R E C C O S A Y R A
T Y N X
M
O
M I D F I E L D E R R Y S Y I Z H F
D H H R H T N E M A N R U O T E F D
O T T U L A F G O I
4
R
T
S
I
7
R
D
O
L
W S P T B O R R J
E
P
A
R
17
H
G
E
O
O
15
16
G
S
18
A
T
D
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R
R
I
C
K
H
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R
13
N
O
R
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K
S
D
N
E
Y
W
19
S
A
Y
R
Y
X D T C F O G U B K J F M M L G Y Y
I
ATHENS
CAMEROON
CHARGE
COMPETITION
DRIBBLE
FOOTBALL
GREEKS
HEADER
MIDFIELDER
NORWAY
OLYMPICS
POPULAR
PROFESSIONAL
SOCCER
STRIKER
Teacher Answers
Teacher Answers: Gymnastics
1
2
4
ARTISTIC:
BALLET:
COMENECI:
GYMNASTICS:
GYMNOS:
HANDLES:
HORIZONTAL:
HORSE:
NADIA:
PLANE:
POMMELS:
RHYTHMIC:
RINGS:
ROMANIA:
TRAMPOLINE:
C
G
Y
R
O
3
M
M
E
N
M
O
A
S
E
C
I
A
R
8
R
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5
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12
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15
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11
M
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N
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7
Packet #11
N
E
17
A
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A
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L
S G P J Z U M Y J R H E P V T R C R
E B Y O E M K G R O S L A N T O D H
F H U M O M S B R R A U B X G M M Y
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C Y A L D I N G R C I G W G S A I C
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T E M M
C E N E
C I T S
P
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J E E P Q F A V O K N I
Teacher Answers
N
I
C
R
A
M
D
A
T
R
Y
A
E
J
T
G
V A S N

Summer Olympics 2008 - Binghamton City School District

Transcription

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