pandin lake development and management plan

Transcription

PANDIN LAKE DEVELOPMENT
AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
Volume 1
PANDIN LAKE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
PREFACE
This Pandin Lake Development and Management Plan (DMP) is a result of collaborative
endeavour among Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), the City Government of San
Pablo, and the various stakeholders of Pandin Lake including fishers, landowners, barangay
officials, women’s group, youth, non-government organizations, academe, and other
government agencies. At present, the Seven Crater Lakes of San Pablo City are swarmed
with issues and problems which include but not limited to the following: conflicting interests
of stakeholders such as the non-implementation of appropriate zoning plan for fish cages
and fishpens; presence of informal settlers along lakes’ shoreline; decreasing lake
productivity due to pollution loading; and policy and institutional disputes. In an attempt to
address these multi-faceted problems, the LLDA instigated the drafting of a Framework for
the Formulation of Development and Management Plan (DMP) for the Seven Crater Lakes.
This initiative was undertaken in recognition of the need to mobilize all sectors and
stakeholders of the Seven Crater Lakes for a sustained and concerted effort at conserving,
protecting and restoring these lakes and the vital resources and amenities that they produce
and provide to the people in general.
The Framework for the Formulation of Development and Management Plan for the Seven
Crater Lakes was approved by the LLDA Board of Directors via Board Resolution No. 464 on
02 April 2014. The main objective of the Framework is to come up with individual
Development and Management Plan for each of the Seven Crater Lakes through the
involvement of all the concerned stakeholder groups in the process of formulating the DMP
based on the perceived problems that they actually confront and experience every day. On
the basis of the present state and condition of these lakes, they would be able to conduct
situational assessment wherein Vision will eventually be formulated, Strategies will be
developed, and the corresponding Activities will be identified for future implementation.
The initial implementation of the Framework with Pandin Lake as the pilot area is
substantiated by the fact that Pandin Lake is now greatly being used for eco-tourism.
Thousands of tourists every year flock in the area for the simple enjoyment of the natural
and tranquil landscape that Pandin Lake offers to visitors. However, everything that is taking
place in Pandin Lake is arbitrary such that no ‘plan’ is being followed, policy and guidelines
are non-existent, and no formal organization are recognized and authorized to operate ecotourism-related activities. This arbitrary situation is not only unsustainable but will put
Pandin Lake and its natural environment into risk of being exploited and destroyed in due
course.
This Pandin Lake DMP is therefore formulated to give ‘direction’ to the present set-up
wherein decision-making and actions are still randomly being executed. The planning
process undertaken for the formulation of the DMP was to incorporate the diverse
perspectives of stakeholders that have influence on the implementation of the strategies that
were identified during the actual planning exercise. As defined in the Framework, the
following activities led in the formulation of development and management plan specific for
Pandin Lake:
1. Coordination with key institutions that will play major roles in the planning and
implementation of the PLDMP;
2. Stakeholder mapping and analysis;
3. Situation assessment to gain understanding of the current and future conditions in
the lake and to identify and prioritize issues;
4. Formulation of vision, goals and objectives by spelling out the desired state of the
lake over the long term;
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5. Developing strategies by specifying menu of strategic objectives and outcomes
related to the use, protection, management and institutional arrangement for
achieving the vision;
6. Defining the actions that will give effect to the basin strategies and ultimately achieve
the vision, goals and objectives;
7. Conduct of policy review;
8. Identification of funding mechanism;
9. Development of institutional arrangements;
10. Formulation of development and management plan; and
11. Monitoring and evaluation.
The step-by-step activities that the stakeholders have gone through in the formulation of
Pandin Lake DMP gave not only structure to the present set-up but also provided guidelines
on how the resources of Pandin Lake will be used and managed in a sustainable manner.
The PLDMP should be considered as a living document or a work in progress where
changes and improvements can be incorporated and integrated towards a full and powerful
document.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) would like to thank the following for their
invaluable contributions in the formulation of Pandin Lake Development and Management
Plan:
The City Government of San Pablo for the unwavering support through active
participation of the City History, Arts, Culture, and Tourism Office (CHATO), City
Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO), City Planning and
Development Office (CPDO), Sangguniang Panglunsod, and Mayor’s Office in all
workshops and consultative meetings, and for providing needed data and information
for the completion of the plan;
As main stakeholders of Pandin Lake, the members of Pandin Lakewide Fishery and
Aquatic Resources Management Council (FARMC), Samahan ng mga Kababaihang
Mangingisda at Bangkera sa Lawa ng Pandin (SKBMLP), private landowners and the
Barangay Council of Barangay Sto. Angel for the unceasing attendance and dynamic
participation by providing first-hand inputs in the workshops and consultative
meetings for Pandin Lake DMP formulation;
The Seven Lakes Integrated FARMC, represented by the officers and members from
the other six (6) crater lakes, for participating in the workshops and providing
fisherfolk perspective on lake management which are contributory to the plan
formulation;
The San Pablo City Water District for lending the use of their Conference Room in
the conduct of some of the workshops and giving of relevant inputs during the
formulation of the plan;
Tanggol Kalikasan (TK) Southern Tagalog for assisting LLDA in the conduct of
workshops from start to finish through facilitation and providing legal guidance during
consultative meetings;
The staff and representatives of the different divisions/units of LLDA such as the
Legal and Adjudication Division (LAD), Project Planning and Information
Management Division (PPIMD), Community Development Division (CDD),
Enforcement Division (ED), Surveillance and Monitoring Division (SMD), Clearance
and Permit Division (CPD), Environmental Laboratory and Research Division
(ELRD), Public Information Unit (PIU), International Linkages and Research and
Development Unit (ILRDU) and Office of the General Manager (OGM) for serving as
resource persons and facilitators, providing technical inputs, and participating in the
workshops and consultative meetings;
The Project Development, Management and Evaluation Division (PDMED) of LLDA
for acting as the Secretariat, documenting the whole planning process, and
preparing/writing the DMP; and
All other representatives from people’s organizations, non-government organizations,
government agencies, civil society groups, academe, and other institutions who in
one way or another contributed in the DMP formulation through participation and
contributing time, effort and resources.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ......................................................................................................................................... ii
Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iv
List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. vii
List of Figures .............................................................................................................................viii
Acronyms .................................................................................................................................... ix
Chapter 1.0 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 2.0 Background and Rationale ............................................................................................ 3
2.1 Bio-Physical Characterization............................................................................................... 3
2.1.1 Geographical Location ............................................................................................. 3
2.1.2 Geologic characteristic ............................................................................................. 6
2.1.3 Elevation, Slope, Soil and Soil Erosion Potential ......................................................... 8
2.1.4 Watershed Characteristics and Drainage System...................................................... 13
2.1.5 Land Use and Vegetative Cover .............................................................................. 18
2.1.6 Fauna ................................................................................................................... 20
2.1.7 Climate ................................................................................................................. 21
2.1.8 Water Quality ........................................................................................................ 22
2.1.9 Water Resources ................................................................................................... 27
2.2 Socio-Economic Characterization............................................................................................ 30
2.2.1 Location ................................................................................................................ 30
2.2.2 Planning Area........................................................................................................ 30
2.2.3 Municipal Context .................................................................................................. 30
2.2.4 Barangay Context .................................................................................................. 36
2.3 Project Rationale ................................................................................................................... 38
Chapter 3.0 Vision, Mission, Project Goals, Objectives & Activities ................................................... 39
3.1 Vision................................................................................................................................... 39
3.2 Mission ................................................................................................................................ 39
3.3 Goals ................................................................................................................................... 39
3.4 Project Description and Beneficiaries ...................................................................................... 39
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3.5 Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 40
3.6 Activities............................................................................................................................... 41
Chapter 4.0 Development and Management Strategies Analyses....................................................... 45
4.1 Environmental Analysis ......................................................................................................... 45
4.2 Social Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 56
4.3 Policy Reviews and Analysis for the Seven Crater Lakes .......................................................... 58
Chapter 5.0 Management and Implementation Strategies ................................................................. 68
5.1 Sustainability Plan ................................................................................................................. 68
5.2 Implementation Action Plan .................................................................................................... 78
5.3 Funding Mechanisms ............................................................................................................ 81
5.4 Work Plan and Budgetary Requirements ................................................................................. 82
Chapter 6.0 Monitoring and Evaluation........................................................................................... 95
6.1 Monitoring Bodies ................................................................................................................. 95
6.2 Monitoring and Evaluation Procedures .................................................................................... 95
6.3 Monitoring Environmental and Social Impacts .......................................................................... 96
6.4 Monitoring Indicators ............................................................................................................. 95
References ................................................................................................................................. 98
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
Slope Range, Area and their Distribution, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed.................................... 9
Table 2.2
Erosion Classification, Description, Area, and Distribution, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed .......... 10
Table 2.3
Some Relief Features and Other Geo-Morphological Parameters of Seven Crater Lakes Microwatershed.................................................................................................................. 15
Table 2.4
Stream Orders of Seven Crater Lakes River System ............................................................ 17
Table 2.5 Climatological Averages (1977-1997), UPLB Station ............................................................ 21
Table 2.6 Results of bathymetrical survey conducted in Pandin Lake.................................................... 21
Table 2.7 San Pablo Population by Barangay ................................................................................... 30
Table 2.8 Business Permits Issuance.............................................................................................. 32
Table 2.9 List of hospitals in San Pablo ........................................................................................... 34
Table 4.1 Negative Impacts of Pandin Ecotourism by Environmental Component..................................... 46
Table 4.2 Identified Impacts by Environmental Component.................................................................. 47
Table 4.3 Matrix of the Proposed Environmental Management Plan ...................................................... 51
Table 4.4 Possible Cost Estimates for EMP Implementation ................................................................ 55
Table 4.5 Pandin Lake Stakeholders ............................................................................................... 56
Table 5.1 Roles of other Support Institutions ..................................................................................... 71
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1
Lake Pandin showing other lakes ..................................................................................... 3
Figure 2.2
Municipalities, Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed............................................................ 4
Figure 2.3
Barangays within Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed........................................................ 5
Figure 2.4
The Pandin Lake Micro-watershed ................................................................................... 5
Figure 2.5
Geologic Map of the Macolod Corridor .............................................................................. 7
Figure 2.6
Contour Map, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed ...................................................................... 9
Figure 2.7
Slope,PandinLake Micro-watershed ............................................................................... 10
Figure 2.8
Soil erosion map,Pandin Lake Micro-watershed ................................................................ 11
Figure 2.9
Soil Types, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed ....................................................................... 13
Figure 2.10
Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed and the Laguna de Bay Basin .................................... 14
Figure 2.11 River System of Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed ....................................................... 17
Figure 2.12
General Land Use, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed ............................................................ 19
Figure 2.13
pH Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013 ........................................................................... 23
Figure 2.14
Biochemical Oxygen Demand Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013 ....................................... 23
Figure 2.15
Surface Dissolved Oxygen Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013 ........................................... 24
Figure 2.16
Nitrate Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013 ...................................................................... 25
Figure 2.17
Inorganic Phosphate Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013 ................................................... 25
Figure 2.18
Total Coliform Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013 ............................................................ 26
Figure 2.19
Grids over the lake surface where depths 47 were recorded at different locations.................. 27
Figure 2.20
Generated 3-D configuration of Lake Pandin .................................................................. 28
Figure 2.21
Map showing the boundaries of Sta. Cruz Sub-basin and the Seven Crater Lakes Microwatershed.................................................................................................................................... 31
Figure 4.1
Delineation of Areas ..................................................................................................... 45
Figure 5.1
Organizational structure of the Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism ............................................. 68
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ACRONYMS
BOD
CENRO
CHP
CPDO
CTO
DMP
DO
ECC
EMP
FARMC
IEC
KC
LLDA
LGU
PMT
PSE
TFPL
TK
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Biochemical Oxygen Demand
City Environment And Natural Resources Office
Cultural Heritage Program
City Planning And Development Office
City Tourism Office
Development And Management Plan
Dissolved Oxygen
Environment Complaince Certificate
Environmental Management Plan
Fisheries And Aquatic Resources Management Council
Information, Education And Communication
Knowledge Center
Laguna Lake Development Authority
Local Government Unit
Project Monitoring Team
Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism
Task Force For Pandin Lake
Tanggol Kalikasan-Southern Tagalog
1.0
Executive Summary
Pandin Lake is part of the Seven Lakes System in San Pablo City, which are the
low-profile volcanic craters. Pandin Lake is one of the "the most pristine" of the
seven lakes. It is considered oligotrophic because of the abundant plant and fish
life.
The Pandin Lake Micro-watershed is located at about 940 m in the northnorthwest part of Lake Calibato and about 100 m in the southern portion of Lake
Yambo. The micro-watershed is situated at the south-eastern part of the Laguna
de Bay Basin with geographical coordinates of 14.115652oN and 121.366323oE.
The total area and total perimeter are 24.15 ha and 1.91 km, respectively. Lake
Pandin has no inlet while its outlet drains water into the Laguna de Bay through
Prinsa River. Recharge water of this lake comes from rainwater and underground
water.
The Pandin Lake Development and Management Plan (DMP) is intended to
introduce livelihood and income-generating interventions and protection of the
Pandin Lake Micro-watershed. The stakeholders envisage the Pandin Lake and
its watershed to be:
“Ang tubig kanlungan ng Lawa ng Pandin na may masaya at
masiglang komunidad na tigib sa tradisyon at kultura, kaalaman sa
kalikasang malinis, may masaganang pamumuhay sa ekoturismo at
pangisdaan, may pagkakaisa at mabuting pamamalakad”.
From this vision, stakeholders identified six end-goals and they are:
1. Bawat turista ay nasiyahan sa mga natutunan at naranasan sa lawa;
2. Mapanatili na Class C ang kalidad ng tubig sa lawa;
3. Matanman ang kagubatan ng namumulaklak at namumungang
punongkahoy at maging prime tourist destination sa Laguna
4. Tumaas ang kita mula sa ekoturismo at tumaas ang antas ng
pamumuhay ng bawat miyembro ng samahan at ng kanilang pamilya;
5. Mapanatili ang kaayusan at katiwasayan sa lawa;
6. Mapanatili, maipasa/maipalaganap at maipagmalaki ang kultura at
tradisyong “San Pableno”.
The Pandin Lake DMP includes the following aspects: 1) Watershed
Characterization and Profiling; 2) DMP Goals, Objectives and Set of Activities; 3)
Development and Management Strategies Analyses (Environmental and Social
Analysis, Policy Review and Analysis); 4) Management and Implementation
Strategies
(Institutional
Arrangement
and
Strengthening,
Funding
Mechanism/Fund Generation Strategies, Capacity Building, Work and Financial
Plan); 5) Monitoring and Evaluation.
Environmental assessment reveals that the project, programs, activities and its
implementing strategies will further enhance the lake’s natural resources. Key to
this is proper management and operations of the Pandin Lake Micro-watershed
and in its ecotourism areas. The plan is also design and focus on tourist
management. Social analysis indicates that acceptability among community
members is high. They indicated willingness to participate in activities to conserve
the lake as well as to be involved in income generating undertakings.
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The proposed institutional arrangement brings to fore the community-oriented
nature of eco-tourism participation in the development of sustainable projects.
The key existing organizations will play important roles in the implementation of
the Development and Management Plan. The three main players identified are
the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), the City Government of San
Pablo and the Pandin Lakewide Fishery and Aquatic Resources Management
Council (FARMC).
Although it was agreed that Pandin Lakewide FARMC is the implementor of the
Plan, a key feature in sustaining the lake’s development is the creation of the
Pandin Development Cooperative (PDC) which is basically part of the activities
set in the DMP. The cooperative will be created and registered with the
Cooperative Development Authority (CDA) solely for the purpose of developing,
managing and operating the Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism (PSE). It shall
henceforth abide the agreement and laws set by the LLDA and the City
Government of San Pablo once they are organized.
The budgetary requirement to implement the Pandin Lake DMP based on the
activities identified in the set goals (environmental and water quality related
activities, sustainable ecotourism based-activities, promotion/IEC cost and
institutional development cost) is Php 4,159,950.00 for the period of five (5)
years. An average of Php 832,000.00 will be required annually to implement the
DMP but the bigger chunk of fund will be needed in the first two years of
operation. Identified sources of funding for the implementation of DMP include
donations, grants, gifts, and conduct of special events.
An organized Monitoring Team composed of LLDA, City Government of San
Pablo and Barangay Sto. Angel shall track and evaluate the gains of the Pandin
Sustainable Ecotoursim vis-à-vis all the objectives of the Development and
Management Plan.
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2.0
Background and Rationale
2.1
Bio-physical Characterization
2.1.1
Geographic Location
2.1.1.1
The Pandin Lake
Pandin Lake is located at about 940 m in the north-northwest part of Lake
Calibato and about 100 m in the southern portion of Lake Yambo. The
coordinates of Lake Pandin are 14.115652oN and 121.366323oE. The total area
and total perimeter are 24.15 ha and 1.91 km, respectively. In the northnortheast of Lake Pandin is Mt. Malauban, 318 masl, which is the natural divide
of the Calauan and Sta. Cruz micro-watersheds. Pandin and Yambo Lakes are
located in the western side of Mt. Malauban while the tributaries of Sta. Cruz
River are all located in the eastern side of this mountain. Lake Pandin has no
inlet while its outlet drains water to the Laguna de Bay through the Prinsa River.
Recharge water of this lake comes from rainwater and underground water.
Figure 2.1 Lake Pandin showing other lakes
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2.1.1.2
The Pandin Lake Micro-watershed
The Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed encompasses two of the major subwatersheds of the Laguna de Bay Basin, namely Sta. Cruz Sub-watershed and
Calauan Sub-watershed. Pandin and Yambo Lakes are within Sta. Cruz Subwatershed while Calibato, Palakpakin and Mohicap are in Calauan Subwatershed (Figure 2.1). The remaining lakes, Sampaloc and Bunot, are draining
outside the Laguna de Bay Basin but within the administrative jurisdiction of the
Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) as mandated by law.
The Lake Pandin Micro-watershed which is within the Seven-Crater Lakes microwatershed lies within 121.366323o east longitude 14.115652o north latitude. The
total area covered by the micro-watershed is about 44.70 hectares.
Lake Pandin Micro-watershed was delineated using ArcGIS, from a 90-meter
resolution Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 3-Digital Elevation Model (SRTM 3DEM) collected in February 2000 by NASA. To further refine and eliminate the
rasterized/pixelized outputs of the DEM, Google Earth was used to digitize the
Pandin Micro-watershed.
Figure 2.2 Municipalities, Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed
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Figure 2.3 Barangays within Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed
Figure 2.4 The Pandin Lake Micro-watershed
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2.1.2
Geologic Characteristics
This portion describes the important land forms and their location in terms of
barangay and municipality. It covers the southern part of the Laguna de Bay
Basin. Meanwhile, the major rock types, their distribution within the area and the
general characteristics of these rock types with respect to soil stability and water
retention potentials and the type of geographic structures and their location are
also described in this section.
The Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed is located within the Macolod
Volcanic Complex, which is dominated by a cluster of volcanoes, i.e., Taal
(active), Mt. Makiling (extinct), and Mt. Banahao (Banahaw) (active), as classified
by the Geologic Map of the Macolod Corridor (Figure 2.5) by the Philippine
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS).
The lithology of the Macolod Volcanic Complex consists of basalts, andesites,
dacites, trachyandesites, rhyolite, pyroclastic rocks, and lahar. The stratigraphic
relations are intrudes/covers Miocene and older rocks. The Macolod Volcanic
Complex covers the provinces of Batangas, Laguna, Rizal, and Quezon.
The Macolod Volcanic Complex is composed of numerous Pliocene-Pleistocene
volcanic centers, which are confined within a narrow structurally bounded
northeast trending lineament called the Macolod Corridor (Förster and others,
1990). The volcanic rocks comprising the Macolod volcanic field have a wide
range of composition from basalt to rhyolite, i.e., SiO2 = 47-74 percent.
Intermediate rocks, however, are the most common. Basalts occur only in small
monogenetic centers in the Macolod Corridor, while dacites and rhyolites seem to
be exclusively present in the Laguna de Bay area and Mt. Makiling. The most
primitive basalts attain MgO contents of 10-12 percent and Cr concentrations of
580 ppm. The basalts are mostly calc-alkaline, evolving to high-K calc-alkaline for
intermediate and evolved lavas. The Laguna de Bay lavas, in turn, are andesites
to rhyolites that are bimodally calc-alkaline and high-K calc-alkaline.
In summary, the geochemistry of the Macolod Volcanic Complex reflects that of
subduction-related rocks. The rocks are characterized by low amounts of TiO2 (<
1.1 percent), enrichments in the large ion lithopile elements (Rb, Ba, Sr), Th and
light rare earth elements (La, Ce), and depletion in high field strength elements
(Nb, Zr, Ta) and heavy rare earth elements (Er, Yb, Lu). Variations in enrichment
of incompatible elements, however, are interpreted to be due to crystal
contamination and the involvement of sediments entrained by the subduction
along the Manila Trench.
Taal Volcano. Lake Taal is a volcano-tectonic depression of approximately 300
sq. km, formed by numerous explosions, collapse craters and a system of
tectonic grabens. Base surges and pyroclastic flows of the maar/caldera
eruptions spread over an area of more than 2000 sq. km; crossing the 640 mhigh Tagaytay ridge towards Manila Bay to the north; flowing southward to
Balayan and Batangas Bays; depositing up to 300 m of pyroclastics to the east in
the Mt. Makiling-Mt. Malepunyo-and San Pablo areas; and entering the Nasugbu
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plain through a gap between Mt. Batulao and Mt. Cariliao to the west. Two
composite cones, Mts. Sungay and Macolod, developed on the eastern side of
the lake.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
Figure 2.5 Geologic Map of the Macolod Corridor
Near the center of Taal Lake is Taal Volcano which is an active volcano. It covers
around 23 sq. km and reach up to 311 m high. Numerous tuff and scoria cones
and depressions formed by explosion, collapse or ground subsidence are
distributed on the volcano island. The main crater, 1.9 km in diameter, is a lake
with a 100 square meters (sq. m) islet interpreted to be a lava needle (Oles and
others, 1991). Altered grounds and steaming vents attest to the thermal activity in
the island, whereas base surge and airfall deposits attest to past phreatic and
phreatomagmatic eruptions. At least 33 historic eruptions of Taal volcano have
been recorded from 1572 to 1977. Caldera formation was characterized by
voluminous unloading of calc-alkaline andesitic to dacitic magma that deposited
pumice flows, ignimbrite, scoria agglitinate and scoria flows (Listanco, 1994). The
current active phase of the volcano culminated in the development of Volcano
Island. Recent eruptions of Taal produced basaltic and andesitic deposits.
Meanwhile, Mt. Makiling is located on the southwest rim of Laguna de Bay. It is a
stratovolcano with a 16-km diameter that reaches up to 1,115 masl elevation.
Pyroclastic flow, lahar, airfall and lava deposits comprise the cone.
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Immediately south of Mt. Makiling is a deeply eroded north-south trending
volcanic range that includes Mapinggon, Bulalo and Malepunyo. This composite
volcano consists predominantly of lava flows and breccias at the upper portions
and pyroclastic flows and lahars on its eastern flanks. Other smaller monogenetic
cones in the Macolod Corridor erupted basaltic lava. Scoria cones and tuff cones
are common, the former being formed from stromboliantype eruptions. Maars and
tuff rings in the San Pablo area show typical features of base surge and airfall
deposits resulting from phreatic or phreatomagmatic eruptions.
Laguna de Bay. Located on the northeast of Taal Volcano is Laguna de Bay, the
largest volcano-tectonic depression in this region formed by caldera eruptions
and extension tectonics. Collapse structures bounding this lake suggest that it is
probably a relic of a much larger ancient caldera system. To the west and south
of the lake are the volcanic and pyroclastic deposits of the Taal-Banahaw area.
The Caliraya plateau on the eastern side of the lake represents a >400-m thick
volcano-sedimentary series composed of welded and unwelded pyroclastic flows
intercalated with lava flows, lahars, airfall tuff, base surges and fluvial and
lacustrine sediments. To the north, limestones and small plutons are exposed
within the pyroclastic series. Graben tectonics divided the lake into three “bays”.
The East and Middle bays are separated by the Jala-Jala peninsula which hosts
three domes including Mt. Sembrano. Talim Island, intruded by the Mt.
Sangunsalaga dome and the Binangonan peninsula isolate the Middle from the
West bay.
The lithology Banahaw Volcanic Complex consists of basalts, andesites,
breccias, pyroclastic flows, and lahar. Its stratigraphic relations are
intrudes/covers Miocene rocks. It is the highest volcanic center in southwestern
Luzon, reaching up to 2158 m. This stratovolcano includes two major flank cones,
Mt. San Cristobal (1470 m) and Banahaw de Lucban (1870 m). It is considered
part of the southern segment of the Luzon volcanic arc associated with the
subduction of the South China Sea plate along the Manila Trench. The segment
to which Banahaw belongs is to the eastern counterpart of the Mindoro volcanic
belt. Mt. Banahaw consists of lava flows and breccias on the upper regions and
lahars and pyroclastic flows below elevations of 800 to 600 masl. While Mt. San
Cristobal is a complex lava dome structure, Mt. Banahaw de Lucban is
characterized by a dome that causes debris-avalanche on the eastern flanks.
2.1.3
Elevation, Slope, Soil and Soil Erosion Potential
This includes the information about areas in different elevation categories as well
as slope and soil erosion categories.
2.1.3.1
Elevation
The highest elevation of the areas within Pandin Lake Micro-watershed is 318
masl Figure 2.6. The micro-watershed has an elevation range from 200-300 m
asl. Areas with high elevation are mostly concentrated in the north-eastern part of
the micro-watershed.
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2.1.3.2
Slope
The slope distribution of the whole Pandin Lake Micro-watershed is shown in
Table 2.1 and Figure 2.7. It ranges from 3 percent to more than 30 percent.
About 11.29 ha or 2.32 percent of the total land area is gently sloping to
undulating (0 –3 percent slope). Slope range of 3-8 percent (gently sloping to
undulating) occupies 15.28 percent (15.28 ha). The undulating to rolling (8-18
percent) has the largest areas of 7.90 hectares while rolling to moderately steep
(18-30 percent) follows with 34.99 percent (7.19 ha). There are no areas in the
micro-watershed that falls to steep and very steep slope range.
Table 2.1 Slope Range, Area and their Distribution, Pandin Lake Microwatershed
Slope Range (%)
Description
Area (Ha)
Per cent
0-3
3-8
8 - 18
18 - 30
30 - 50
>50%
Level to nearly level
Gently sloping to undulating
Undulating to rolling
Rolling to moderately steep
Steep
Very Steep
Total
2.32
3.14
7.90
7.19
0
0
20.55
11.29
15.28
38.44
34.99
0
0
100
Source of basic data: LLDA, GIS
Figure 2.6 Contour Map, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed
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Figure 2.7 Slope, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed
2.1.3.3
Soil erosion
With regards to soil erosion (Table 2.2 and Figure 2.8), the Pandin Lake MicroWatershed has about 16 hectares or 36 percent of the micro-watershed area
classified as no apparent erosion. Slight erosion covers about 28 hectares or 64
percent, which usually occurs in sloping and steep uplands and hillylands with
protective vegetation cover. Moderate erosion and severe erosion are not
apparent within the areas of the micro-watershed.
Table 2.2 Erosion Classification, Description, Area, and Distribution, Pandin
Lake Micro-watershed
Erosion
Class
No
Apparent
Erosion
Slight
Erosion
10 | P a g e
Description
Usually in gently sloping lands with less
than 80 percent slopes or higher, if the
lands are bunded or terraced, subjected
to run-off flooding
Usually in sloping and steep uplands and
hillylands that are covered by protective
vegetation or in sloping cultivated lands
that generally have sheet and rill erosion
with frequency occurrences of less than 3
per linear meter.
Area
(Ha)
Per Cent
16
36
28
64
Moderate
Erosion
Severe
Erosion
Usually steeply sloping uplands and
hillylands with generally grassy and
shrubs vegetation or in cultivated
farmlands that generally have more than
3 rills per linear meter and where gullies
have started to form.
Generally gullied with exposed
subsoils/rocks, subjected to constant
cultivation or with sparse vegetation or
maybe forested areas with unstable soil
subjected to landslides rockslides or have
high density of dirt roads.
Total
0
0
0
0
Source of basic data: DA-BSWM-LREP (2000)
Figure 2.8 Soil erosion map, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed
2.1.3.4
Soil and Land Capability/Suitability
This section discusses the soil types and soil series and their distribution in Lake
Pandin and other areas within the Seven-Crater-Lakes Micro-watershed. The
capability/suitability of their different areas to different types of production system
and crops has been described.
The soil type which covers the entire Pandin Lake Micro-watershed is the
Macolod Clay loam covering 44.70 hectares (Figure 2.9).
11 | P a g e
Within the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed, mountain soils (undifferentiated)
(soil code: 45) covers parts of barangays Tala and Pook of Rizal, barangays San
Cristobal, San Jose, San Diego, and San Isabel of San Pablo City. This area
represents the rough mountainsides and forested region that are not accessible.
For the purpose of the survey, this area is not classified. It is thickly covered with
forest of good commercial timber.
Another soil type that can be found in the Seven Crater- Lakes Micro-watershed
is Lipa Soil. This is a residual soil representing the decomposition products of the
underlying volcanic tuff material. It is dark brown, very friable, mellow, and easy
to cultivate. Its depth ranges from 25 to 35 centimeters (cm). The subsoil is dark,
loamy in texture, and becomes heavy and waxy at a depth of 75 cm or more. In
some areas there are gravels and tuffaceous and concretions are exposed in
highly eroded sloppy and hilly portions.
Lipa loam soil type has evidence of lasting fertility. In fact, it has the best physical
characteristics that can be found in any soil. However, the present system of
agriculture has led to the depletion of the soil fertility because of the pronounced
effect of erosion. This type of soil is well developed in Lipa, Malvar, and Tanauan.
Within the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed, Lipa loam soil type covers the
remaining of the Sampaloc and Bunot Lakes. In Mohicap, Pandin, Palakpakin,
Calibato and Yambo, it partially covers Barangays Tala and Antipolo of Rizal;
Barangays Sto. Angel, San Lorenzo, Dolores, San Buenaventura, and Sta.
Catalina of San Pablo City. This is the dominant soil type in this micro-watershed.
The Macolod clay loam, steep phase, is found on the upper slopes of Mts.
Makiling and Nagcarlan. It has the same profile characteristics as the clay loam
type, except for its steeper slopes, abundant boulders, cobblestones, and
pebbles on the surface soil. The surface soil is thin owing to severe soil erosion.
The slope is so steep that there is little attempt on the part of the farmers to
cultivate the land regularly.
On Mt. Makiling, this phase is covered with second-growth forest, ipil-ipil, banana,
sugar cane, corn, root crops, and upland rice (in kaingins). In the neighborhood of
Nagcarlan coconut trees and lanzones are grown. This soil phase covers an area
of 9,611.8 ha.
To minimize soil erosion, ipil-ipil should be planted closely; kaingins should be
discouraged or prohibited; and the outlay of timber must be well supervised.
Meanwhile, Macolod clay loam (steep phase, 144) covers the rest of the five-lake
area which is composed of portion of Barangay Balayhangin of Calauan,
Barangays San Buenaventura and Sta. Catalina of San Pablo City; and
Barangays Sabang, Lawaguin, Talahib, and Sulsuguin of Nagcarlan.
The site characteristics such as general topography, slope, soil types, and other
favorable factors indicates that the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed areas
are suitable for forest tree species, fruit-bearing species, bamboo and other agroforestry crops. It is somewhat limited to low land rice farming.
12 | P a g e
Figure 2.9 Soil Types, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed
2.1.4
Watershed Characteristics and Drainage System
This section identifies the major river systems, the coverage of their respective
catchment area and the drainage density as well as the headwaters within the
Seven Crater-Lakes Micro-watershed. The discussion focuses on the Seven
Crater-Lakes Micro-watershed to show the interactions of the different lakes that
relates to watershed characteristics and their river systems.
The Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed areas are only small portions of the
two independent watersheds. However, the areas of this micro-watershed
originate in western side of Mt. San Cristobal. The five-lake area (Mohicap,
Calibato, Pandin, Yambo and Palakpakin) is located within the Calauan microwatershed, which drains water into the Laguna de Bay and is oriented in southnorth direction. Meanwhile, the two-lake area (Sampaloc and Bunot) is located
within the San Pablo basin, water from this drains into the Tayabas Bay of
Quezon Province. The main river has north-south direction.
For the purpose of this report, some relief features and other geo-morphological
parameters of the upper portion of Prinsa River and those of the Molino River will
be discussed. Likewise, their stream orders are also presented in the following.
13 | P a g e
Figure 2.10 Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed and the Laguna de Bay
Basin
2.1.4.1
Relief Feature and Other Geo-Morphological Parameters
The peak flow and the time it takes for the total flood flow to reach a given station
are affected by the size of the watershed area. The larger the size of a given
watershed, the slower the peak flow and it takes a longer time for runoff from the
headwater to reach a given station. The boundary of a watershed is delineated by
following the ridge surrounding the watershed which is known as the natural or
topographic divide (Figures 2.10). As mentioned above, the Seven Crater Lakes
Micro-watershed is composed of two main river systems which are the Prinsa
River System and Molino River System. The five-lake area and the two-lake area
are discussed in this section.
The five-lake area is about 26.59 sq. km and and its perimeter is 34.61 km. The
highest elevation is at 1,480 masl and the lowest at ~80 masl. The two-lake area
is approximately 17.06 sq. km with perimeter of 28.53 km. It has the highest
elevation at 1,480 masl and the lowest at ~120 masl (Table2.3).
The length of the main stream indicates the steepness of the watershed. Steep
and well-drained watersheds usually have numerous small tributaries. On the
other hand, the soils are deep and permeable in the plains and the watershed
has relatively long tributaries which are maintained as perennial streams. Map
measure can be used to determine the length of the stream.
The main stream’s length of a portion of the Prinsa River, which is located within
the five-lake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed, is 12.83 km with a
14 | P a g e
total of 19 streams including those which are intermittent. The total length of the
streams is 27.64 km while the stream frequency or density is 0.71 sq. km/stream.
For the two-lake area, the stream’s length of the portion of Bolino River, located
inside the two-lake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed, is about
8.25 km. The stream frequency or stream density is 0.35 sq. km/stream.
The drainage density, watershed shape factor, general channel gradient of Prinsa
River are 1.04 km/sq. km, 0.28, and 10.91 percent, respectively while for Bolino
River are 0.58 km/sq. km, 0.26, and 16.48 percent, respectively.
Table 2.3 Some Relief Features and Other Geo-Morphological Parameters of
Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed
Values
Parameters
Five-lake area Two-lake area
1. Area (sq. km)
26.59
17.06
2. Perimeter (km)
34.61
28.53
3. Highest Elevation (masl)
1,480.00
1,480.00
4. Lowest Elevation (masl)
80.00
120.00
5. Length of main stream (km)
12.83
8.25
6. Number of streams including intermittent
19.00
6.00
7. Total length of streams including
intermittent (km)
27.64
9.88
8. Stream frequency or stream density
(stream/sq. km)
0.71
0.35
9. Drainage density (km/sq. km)
1.04
0.58
10. Watershed shape factor
0.28
0.26
11. Channel gradient (%)
10.91
16.48
Two-lake Area covers Sampaloc and Bunot Lakes
Five-lake Area covers Mohicap, Palakpakin, Yambo, Pandin, and Calibato Lakes
The detailed discussion of these features and parameters are presented in the
following.
2.1.4.2
Stream frequency
Stream frequency is defined as the ratio of the total number of streams and the
area of the watershed. In counting the total number of streams, the mainstream
from the source to the outlet is counted as one. The tributaries of the next lower
order, each extending from its source to its junction with mainstream, are counted
individually. Then the tributaries of the next lower order, each extending from its
source to the junction with the stream of the next higher order are also counted
individually, and so on. Stream frequency or stream density is area in square
kilometer or in hectare for a stream. Table 2.3 shows that the five-lake area and
the two-lake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed have one stream
for every 0.71 sq. km (71 ha) and 0.35 sq. km (35 ha), respectively. Stream
density/frequency is related to the infiltration capacity of the watershed. Assuming
all other factors constant, more streams will be developed in a watershed where
soil infiltration capacity is low.
15 | P a g e
2.1.4.3
Drainage density
Drainage density is the total length of all perennial and intermittent streams per
unit area of watershed. It is the ratio of a kilometer length of the stream to the unit
of the land surface in square kilometer or in hectare. Normally, the size of
individual drainage units decreases and the drainage density increases
proportionally. The five-lake area and the two-lake area of the Seven Crater
Lakes Micro-watershed have drainage density of 1.04 km/sq. km, and 0.58
km/sq. km, respectively (Table 2.3).
2.1.4.4
Watershed Shape Factor
Watershed Shape Factor is the ratio between the area of drainage basin or
watershed and the area of a circle which has the same perimeter as the basin.
The watershed shape factor of the five-lake area and the two-lake area of the
Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed are 0.28 and 0.26, respectively. Since the
watershed shape factor value is smaller than one, it means that the watershed is
considered as circular.
2.1.4.5
Channel Gradient
Channel gradient indicates the behavior of the flood that may occur in the
watershed. The steeper the channel gradient, “flashy” flood and sharp flood
peaks are expected. Time of concentration will also be shorter compared with
similar drainage basin with “flatter” gradient. Channel gradient values of the fivelake area and the two-lake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed are
10.91 percent and 16.48 percent, respectively.
2.1.4.6
Stream order
Stream order is a stream network classification based upon the relative size and
position of stream channel segments within the drainage network. In this report
the Horton-Strahler method of stream ordering is used. By this scheme, first-order
streams are defined as headwater (source) streams or stream without tributaries.
The junction of two first-order streams forms second-order stream. Third-order
streams are formed by the junction of two second-order streams, and so on. The
junction of a stream of lower order does not affect the order of the larger-order
stream. Stream order is used as a basis by which net characteristics of drainage
could be related to each other and to hydrologic and erosional processes. Stream
orders are shown in Table 2.3.
The drainage map (river system map, Figure 2.11) and Table 2.4 shows that the
Molino River in the two-lake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed has
a third order stream which has a total of 11 streams. The number of streams are
7, 2, and 2 for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order of streams, respectively. The Prinsa river
in the five-lake are of the Seven Crater Lake Micro-watershed has also third order
streams which has a total of 18 streams. The number of streams are 14, 3, and 1
for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order of streams, respectively.
16 | P a g e
Figure 2.11 River System of Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed
2.1.4.7
The Bifurcation ratio
The bifurcation ratio is the ratio of the number of streams in the next lower order.
It is inversely proportional to flood discharge. If the bifurcation ratio is low, the
discharges are higher with shaper peaks. If the ratio is high, the discharges are
low but with broader peaks. Bifurcation ratio for 2nd, and 3rd order streams of
Molino River are 1.21, and 5.54, respectively. Bifurcation ratio for 2nd, and 3rd
order streams of Prinsa River are 1.14, and 7.75, respectively.
Table 2.4. Stream Orders of Seven Crater Lakes River System
Stream
Number of Stream Length (km) Bifurcation Ratio
Two-lake Area (Molino River)*
1st Order Streams
7
10.36
2nd Order Streams
2
8.588
1.21
3rd Order Streams
2
1.55
5.54
Five-lake Area (Prinsa River)**
1st Order Streams
14
15.25
2nd Order Streams
3
13.37
1.14
3rd Order Streams
1
1.772
7.55
* Covers Sampaloc and Bunot Lakes
** Covers Mohicap, Palakpakin, Yambo, Pandin, and Calibato Lakes
17 | P a g e
2.1.4.8
Longitudinal Profile
The longitudinal profile of the portion of the Prinsa River located inside the twolake area of the Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed indicates that slopes of this
river varied from very steep (>50 percent slope) in Barangay Tala of Rizal to
steep slope (30-50 percent slope) then back to very steep slope again in
Barangay Pook of Rizal. When this river enters Barangay Tala again, it reduces
the slope to rolling-moderately steep (18-30 percent slope). From Calibato Lake
to Palakpakin Lake, the slope of the river is reduced to undulating to rolling (8-18
percent slope). This part of the river is located in barangays Sto. Angel and San
Lorenzo. About 1,000 m from Lake Palakpakin, the slope of the river changes to
rolling to moderately rolling (18-30 percent slope), Then, after about 500 m, the
slope of the river changes to undulating to rolling (8-18 percent slope) as shown
in Figure 2.11. It is expected that in this part of the Prinsa river system, garbage
and other solid wastes, if any, could be easily pushed downstream to the
Municipality of Calauan even in the dry season.
It is noted that from Mt. San Cristobal to Barangay Pook of Rizal, about 3.6 km,
no actual river is formed. Water in this area (about 294 ha) moves down as
surface runoff or through underground runoff. These can be revealed by the
presence of various springs observed in the area.
The slope of Molino River varied as follows: from Barangay San Cristobal of San
Pablo through Barangay Tala of Rizal to near the middle of Barangay San Diego
of San Pablo, the slope of the river is very steep (>50 percent slope) and
changes to steep (30-50 percent slope). The slopes of the remaining part of the
river slowly reduces from rolling-moderately steep (18-30 percent slope) in the
lower part of Barangay San Diego to undulating to rolling (8-18 percent slope) in
Barangays Sto. Angel and Sta. Isabel; and finally become gently sloping to
undulating (3-8 percent slope) in Barangay San Lucas 1 in the northwestern side
of Lake Sampaloc.
It is noted that similar to Prinsa River, Molino River could actually be observed in
Barangay San Diego, about 5.5 km from Mt. San Cristobal. The groundwater
recharge area of this river is about 750 ha, including portions of barangays San
Cristobal, San Jose, Santa Isabel, and San Diego of San Pablo, and portion of
Barangay Tala of Rizal.
Furthermore, the areas near and around Sampaloc and Bunot Lakes including
Barangays Santa Isabel, Conception, and San Lucas 1 could also be considered
as the groundwater recharge areas of these two lakes. Molino River has no
negative impacts on the water quantity or quality of these lakes.
2.1.5
Land Use and Vegetative Cover
The general land use of Pandin Lake Micro-watershed is cultivated, perennial
crop based on 2010 land cover map from NAMRIA (Figure 2.12).
18 | P a g e
Source: Land Cover Map, NAMRIA, 2010
Figure 2.12 General Land Use, Pandin Lake Micro-watershed
Based from a rapid assessment on vegetation conducted on 10 April 2014, trees
and plants identified within the micro-watershed are coconut, lanzones, banana,
rambutan, upling gubat, tibig, mangga, langka, papaya, avocado, hauili, narra,
kaong, anubing, santol, guyabano, bolo, tuia, kahoy dalaga, antipolo, kakauate,
igyo, pugahan, kamagong, fortune plant, macopa.
San Pablo City has two protected forests, one of them is known as the San
Cristobal/Mt. Banahaw National Park, which includes areas from Nagcarlan,
Rizal, Majayjay, and Liliw. Its area is about 2,754 ha, not all of which is included
in the micro-watershed. The forest types in the Mt. Banahaw Area include
lowland dipterocarp forest on the lower slopes and montane forest above about
900 m, including mossy forest around the peak. On the lower slopes of the
mountains there are coconut plantations intensively inter-cropped with fruit trees
and areas of kaingin, and the surrounding area is intensively cultivated. Tree
species such as red lauan, tanguile and mayapis and non-dipterocarp species,
rattan, vines, grasses, ferns, orchids are also abundant in the area. The biggest
flower in the world, the Rafflesia species, may also be found in the forest reserve.
Fern species in the Mt. Banahaw area was studied extensively in 2004 by
Banaticla and Buot of the University of the Philippines Los Baños. Five altitudinal
fern zones were established by the study along the northeastern altitudinal slopes
of Mt. Banahaw using cluster- and ordination analyses, namely:

19 | P a g e
Zone 1, Cyathea contaminans – Dicranopteris–Nephrolepis–
Diplazium patches at 700–800 meters above sea level (masl);




Zone 2, Sphaerostephanos hirsutus var. hirsutus – Selaginella
delicatula patches at 750–900 masl;
Zone 3, Cyathea philippinensis – Selaginella patches at 900–
1200 masl;
Zone 4, Cyathea philippinensis – Cyathea callosa–Asplenium
cymbifolium–Selaginella cumingiana patches at 1200–1550 masl;
and
Zone 5 which is further divided into:
o
o
Sub-zone 5A, Cyathea callosa – Cyathea loheriHymenophyllaceae patches at 1550–1800 masl
Sub-zone 5B, Cyathea loheri – Cephalomanes apiifolia
patches at 1800–1875 masl
Another protected forest area in the micro-watershed is the Malabanban Forest
Reserve located at Barangay Sto. Angel and Barangay San Diego. Its area is
about 239 ha.
Majority of the plant species that are distributed mostly along the banks of the
lakes are comprised mostly of fruit-bearing trees, numerous shade bearing forest
trees and ornamentals that were planted by local people just as in the San Juan
and San Cristobal Rivers.
2.1.6
Fauna
Animals that can be found within Pandin Lake Micro-watershed based on the
interview conducted on April 10, 2014 with the people living near the lake are
musang, monkey, monitor lizard, python, snake, tikling, bakaw, labuyo and
sulyasis.
In the Mt. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Area, wild animals like wild pig, deer,
monkeys can still be found. Species of bird such as hornbill, jungle fowl, pigeons,
tailorbirds, orioles are still present in the area. Giant rats, wild cats, monitor
lizards, snakes are still found in the area.
Among fish species in the seven lakes, the ayungin is endemic in Sampaloc
Lake. The kanduli (arid catfish) thrives there, too. The most common fresh water
fishes are dalag (mudfish), hito (Catfish), and goramy, igat (eel), and the
martiniko (climbing perch). Tilapia and bangus are much cultivated in the fish
pens within Sampaloc Lake and the other lakes.
A few important bird species may also be found in the seven lakes. Among some
birds spotted in the area are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
20 | P a g e
Whiskered Tern - (Sampaloc Lake)
Rock Dove
Asian Palm Swift - (Sampaloc Lake)
Island Swift
Barn Swallow
Pacific Swallow - (Sampaloc Lake)
Yellow-Vented Bulbul
Yellow Wagtail – (Sampaloc Lake)
Brown Shrike - (Sampaloc Lake)
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Olive-backed Sunbird
Orange-bellied Flowerpecker
Red-keeled Flowerpecker
Lowland White-eye
Eurasian Tree Sparrow
Bird species found in the Mt. Banahaw Forest Reserve include the following:
Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi); Flame-breasted Fruit-dove (Ptilinopus
marchei); Philippine Cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia); Philippine Eagle-owl
(Bubo philippensis); and Ashy Thrush (Zoothera cinerea)
2.1.7
Climate
The prevailing climatic condition in the municipality is categorized into:
• Wet Season (Rainy Season or Monsoon Season)
• Dry Season (Summer Season)
Table 2.5. Climatological Averages (1977-1997), UPLB Station
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
ANNUAL
Rainfal
l
(mm)
39
21.5
30.5
43.3
111.6
224.6
306.3
268.9
228.8
329.7
217.6
129.2
1,951
Rainy
Days
Max
Min
11
7
5
6
12
17
21
18
19
20
19
16
171
29.5
30.6
32.5
34.3
34.7
33.5
32.4
32.4
32.1
31.6
30.8
29.4
32
21.1
20.9
21.7
23.2
23.9
24
23.5
23.5
23.5
23.3
22.9
21.9
22.8
Temperature (°C)
Dry
Mean
Bulb
25.3
24.7
25.7
25.3
27.1
26.8
28.7
28.6
29.3
29.5
28.7
28.7
27.9
27.7
28
27.8
27.8
27.6
27.4
27.2
26.8
26.6
25.6
25.3
27.4
27.2
Wet
Bulb
22.6
22.7
23.6
25
25.9
25.9
25.4
25.3
25.3
24.9
24.4
23.1
24.6
Dew
Pt.
21.7
21.7
22.4
23.8
24.7
24.9
24.6
24.4
24.5
24.2
23.5
22.2
23.6
VP
(mb)
RH
(%)
Dir
26
26.1
27.1
29.4
31.1
31.6
31
30.6
30.8
30.2
29.1
26.8
29.2
83
81
77
75
75
80
83
81
83
83
83
83
81
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
SW
E
E
E
E
E
Wind
Speed
(m/s)
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
Pandin Lake is located in a region of Type I climate based on the Modified
Coronas Classification of Philippine climate. Type I climate is characterized by
two pronounced seasons: dry from December to May, and wet from June to
November. Typically, maximum rain periods are observed from June to
September. Regions of Type I climate span the western part of Luzon, western
part of Mindoro, southern part of Panay Island, southwestern part of Negros
Island, and the western and northern parts of Palawan (Table 2.5).
2.1.7.1
Rainfall
The total annual rainfall is 1,951 mm during the 171 rainy days recorded per year.
The rain event is equivalent to 47 percent a year which translates to a daily
rainfall of 11.4 mm assuming uniform distribution per rainy day. Maximum (329.7
mm) and minimum (21.5 mm) rainfall occur in October and February,
respectively. The average number of rainy days during October is 22. The rainy
season starts in May and lasts until November.
21 | P a g e
Cloud
(Okta)
6
5
4
4
4
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
2.1.7.2
Relative Humidity
Relative humidity (RH) is expressed as a percentage of water vapor in air. The
high annual average RH of 81 percent is due to six months of high humidity (83
percent). The monthly RH has a range of 75 to 83 percent.
2.1.7.3
Prevailing Wind
The annual prevailing wind direction is Easterly wind with an average wind speed
of two meters per second. Easterly winds occur 11 months a year with a shift to
the Southwesterly direction only in August. Wind speed ranges from two to three
meters per second.
2.1.7.4
Temperature
The temperature at the lake ranges from a maximum of 34.7°C to a minimum of
20.9°C. The maximum temperature occurs in May while the lowest was recorded
in February. The annual mean temperature in the area is 27.4°C.
2.1.8
Water Quality
From 2009 to 2013, the Environmental Laboratory and Research Division of
Laguna Lake Development Authority conducted the monitoring and sampling of
Pandin Lake once a month during the 1st and 4th quarters of the year and every
3rd month of the 2nd and 3rd quarters of the year.
The methods of analyses were based on the Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewaters, 21st Edition. 2005. APHA, AWWA, WEF.
The assessment of the water quality was based on compliance to the DENR
Administrative Order No. 34, Series of 1990 considering the 2009-2013 annual
averages.
2.1.8.1
Physico-Chemical Parameters
2.1.8.1.1
pH
The pH measures the acidity or basicity of water. The pH scale ranges
from 0 to 14 wherein a pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic and pH above
7 indicates basic water. For Class C waters, the DENR criterion for pH is
set within the range of 6.5 to 8.5. From 2009 to 2013, the annual averages
for pH in Pandin Lake were all within the acceptable range. The highest
pH was 7.5 in 2012 while the lowest pH was 7.0 in 2009.
22 | P a g e
Figure 2.13 pH Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013
2.1.8.1.2
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)
BOD is a measure of the approximate amount of oxygen needed by the
microorganisms for the degradation of organic wastes under aerobic
decomposition in a specified incubation period. A low BOD concentration
indicates good water quality while a high BOD concentration indicates
poor water quality. The DENR Class C criterion for BOD is 10 mg/L. The
annual average BOD concentrations in Pandin Lake from 2009 to 2013
conformed to the Class C criterion. The data showed a decreasing trend.
The highest BOD concentration of 7 mg/L was noted in 2009 while the
lowest concentration of 3 mg/L was observed in 2013.
Figure 2.14 Biochemical Oxygen Demand Levels of Lake Pandin,
2009-2013
23 | P a g e
2.1.8.1.3
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Dissolved oxygen is required by aquatic organisms for their metabolism
and is needed for the oxidation and removal of organic wastes in water. A
high DO concentration indicates good water quality while low DO
concentration shows poor water quality. The DENR Class C criterion for
DO is set at a minimum of 5 mg/L. From 2009 to 2013, it was only in 2009
that the annual average DO concentrations in Pandin Lake failed the
Class C criterion. The highest DO concentration of 6.5 mg/L was
measured in 2013 while the lowest DO concentration of 4.1 mg/L was
noted in 2009.
Figure 2.15 Surface Dissolved Oxygen Levels of Lake Pandin, 20092013
2.1.8.1.4
Nitrate, (NO3)
Nitrate generally occurs in trace quantities in surface water. The DENR
Class C criterion for nitrate is 10 mg/L. In 2009 to 2013, the annual
average nitrate concentrations in Pandin Lake which ranged from 0.023 to
0.101 mg/L were found to be in trace amounts, thus very much lower
when compared to the criterion.
24 | P a g e
Figure 2.16 Nitrate Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013
2.1.8.1.5
Inorganic Phosphate, (IPO4)
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth and it is found mainly
as phosphates in natural waters.
The DENR Class C criterion for inorganic phosphate is set at 0.1 mg/L.
The graph for the inorganic phosphate levels in Pandin Lake from 2009 to
2013 showed a decreasing trend. The annual average IPO4
concentrations exceeded the criterion from 2009 to 2011, and conformed
to the criterion in 2012 to 2013.
Figure 2.17 Inorganic Phosphate Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013
25 | P a g e
2.1.8.2
Bacteriological Parameter
2.1.8.2.1
Total Coliform
Total coliform is a group of aerobic and facultative anaerobic, gramnegative, non-spore forming, rod shaped bacteria that can be found in the
intestines of warm blooded animals and therefore are present in sewage,
on and in soils, surface waters, and vegetation. The presence of total
coliforms usually indicates the presence of pathogenic or disease-causing
organisms. By measuring the number of total coliform present in a water
sample, the water's usability for a given purpose is also determined.
The DENR criterion for Class C waters is set at 5,000 MPN/100 ml. From
2009 to 2013, all of the annual average total coliform concentrations in
Pandin Lake passed the criterion with the highest at 852 MPN/100ml in
2009 and the lowest at 311 MPN/100ml in 2011.
Figure 2.18 Total Coliform Levels of Lake Pandin, 2009-2013
Based on the evaluation of the five (5) water quality parameters presented
above, the water quality status of Pandin Lake has improved from 2009 to
2013. Not only in Pandin but also in the other lakes of San Pablo City
except for Yambo Lake wherein the annual average DO concentrations in
2009 were noted lower than the DENR criterion of 5 mg/L. The
observations may be attributed to upwelling or overturning of the water
body which had been taking place in the seven lakes occasionally in the
past. The period of occurrence of this phenomenon is usually during the
cold months of December to February. As the water at the surface area
of the lake becomes colder, the relatively warmer water at the bottom with
low DO is brought to the surface.
26 | P a g e
2.1.9
2.1.9.1
Water Resources
Surface Freshwater Resources
Pandin Lake is located in Barangay Sto Angel. It has surface area of 24.15 ha
and a maximum depth of 63 m. It has a calculated volume of 7.6 M cubic meters
of water in storage. Pandin is considered oligotrophic which means there is low
plant nutrients that is usually accompanied by high dissolved oxygen.
2.1.9.2
Bathymetry
Bathymetric surveys can alert scientists on the ongoing and potential lake
erosion, landslides, lake-level rise, and subsidence (land sinking). Scientists also
need current/updated bathymetric survey data, which is critical to support the
creation and development of hydrodynamic models. Bathymetry is also a key
element of lake biological indices. The depth and characteristics of the lake
define the habitat for benthic (bottom-dwelling) organisms, and are fundamental
parameters of lake ecosystems. Scientists increasingly rely on high-resolution
bathymetry in their efforts to determine where fish and other sea life will feed, live,
and breed. Bathymetric surveys can also provide the data on navigation lane,
which may guide efficient lake transportation. Bathymetric maps are becoming
increasingly important as scientists seek to learn more about the effects of
climate change on the environment.
Figure 2.19 Grids over the lake surface where depths were recorded at
different locations
27 | P a g e
Imaginary grids over the 20.95 hectare or 241,478.049 square meters of Lake
Pandin were set to serve as the traverse course wherein arbitrary and selected
locations were marked to establish the lake’s bottom configuration and depths at
different locations (Figure 2.19).
Table 2.6 presents actual points marked over the lake’s surface area with
corresponding depth (in meters).
The average depth was estimated at 33.39 meters with a maximum depth
recorded at 62.8 meters over waypoint 534. After establishing the depths of the
lake at different points, a Pandin Lake configuration was generated (Figure 2.20).
The estimated basin volume based on the 3-D generated profile is 7.6 M cubic
meters.
Figure 2.20 Generated 3-D configuration of Lake Pandin
28 | P a g e
Table 2.6 Results of bathymetrical survey conducted in Lake Pandin
WP ID.
29 | P a g e
Depth
(m)
WP ID.
Depth
(m)
WP ID.
Depth
(m)
WP ID.
Depth
(m)
WP ID.
Depth
(m)
WP ID.
Depth
(m)
WP ID.
Depth
(m)
WP ID.
Depth
(m)
WP ID.
Depth
(m)
WP ID.
Depth
(m)
326
2.5
351
4.5
376
6.2
400
6.1
425
3.4
450
9.8
475
62.2
500
19.2
525
62.3
550
51.7
327
2.8
352
6.4
377
5
401
7.6
426
6.5
451
22
476
62.3
501
34
526
62.2
551
50
328
1.7
353
7.9
378
3.1
402
9
427
2.1
452
24.8
477
62.7
502
36.1
527
62.6
552
47.7
329
3
354
5.5
379
4.5
403
11
428
5.1
453
24.4
478
62.4
503
38.5
528
62.7
553
44.5
330
4.2
355
3.8
380
5
404
12.4
429
2
454
26.2
479
62.4
504
42
529
62.8
554
41.9
331
3.5
356
4.5
380
5
405
15.4
430
3.9
455
28.1
480
62.4
505
46.8
530
62.6
555
39.3
332
4.5
357
4.4
381
3.1
406
17
431
6.3
456
35.5
481
62.4
506
48.3
531
62.8
556
36.3
333
5.5
358
5.6
382
2.4
407
16
432
2.5
457
50
482
61.9
507
52.5
532
62.6
557
33.3
334
6.5
359
5.2
383
2.5
408
6
433
4
458
54.7
483
61.5
508
55.5
533
62.6
558
29.8
335
6.6
360
5.1
384
6.7
409
6.8
434
5.8
459
56.5
484
60.2
509
59.1
534
62.8
559
24.7
336
6.1
361
5.2
385
7.2
410
3
435
5.5
460
55.6
485
60
510
60
535
62.6
560
19.7
337
1.8
362
3.1
386
5.5
411
1.7
436
6.8
461
56
486
58.1
511
61.1
536
62.3
561
14.7
338
4.2
363
4.6
387
5.8
412
3.4
437
11
462
54.4
487
56.9
512
60.8
537
62.2
562
11.8
339
2.5
364
4.6
388
8
413
4
438
4.8
463
47.5
488
55.1
513
61.9
538
61.9
563
8.7
340
3.9
365
5.3
389
6.4
414
3.8
439
2.1
464
56.8
489
30.4
514
61.9
539
61.9
564
6.5
341
3
366
4.2
390
6.2
415
7.1
440
2.7
465
45
490
23.5
515
62
540
61
565
4.2
342
2.5
367
5.1
391
7.5
416
7.6
441
1.7
466
27.8
491
18.8
516
61.8
541
60.4
343
4.3
368
4.4
392
6.1
417
6.1
442
5.2
467
47.7
492
13.8
517
61.5
542
59.6
344
5.4
369
6.9
393
8
418
6.7
443
3.7
468
30
493
6.2
518
61.2
543
58.6
345
6.3
370
6
394
15
419
4.7
444
1.8
469
34.4
494
1.9
519
60.8
544
58.5
346
4.8
371
6
395
10
420
3.4
445
2.7
470
27.7
495
6.9
520
60.5
545
58.5
347
3.7
372
3.3
396
8.5
421
5.8
446
3.2
471
59.5
496
11.5
521
60.7
546
57.9
348
4
373
3.6
397
5.4
422
5.5
447
5.6
472
60
497
15.2
522
61.1
547
56.7
349
3.8
374
4.9
398
5.5
423
5
448
6.5
473
61.5
498
16.2
523
61.5
548
54.3
350
5
375
6
399
3.7
424
3.1
449
7.6
474
61.9
499
17.5
524
62
549
52.6
2.2
Socio-Economic Characterization
2.2.1
Location
Lake Pandin is located in Barangay Sto. Angel, San Pablo City. Lake Pandin is
also part of the Sta. Cruz Sub-watershed, one of the major sub-watersheds of the
Laguna de Bay Basin.
The location and vicinity maps of the Lake Pandin are presented in Figure 2.21
and Table 2.7.
2.2.2
Planning Area
The Development and Management Plan mainly cover Pandin Lake’s water
surface area of approximately 24.15 hectares and its 20 meter easement. With a
perimeter of about 1.91 kilometers, the easement is calculated to have an area of
about 3.7 hectares.
2.2.3
Municipal Context
The City of San Pablo also known as the “City of Seven Lakes”, is a component
city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. It is fifth among the oldest cities in the
country. San Pablo is in close proximity to Metro Manila which is just a short twohour away from Metro Manila via 87 kilometers South Luzon Expressway and
Maharlika Highway. San Pablo is 485 feet above sea level with a generally
sloping terrain from east to west and rarely affected by typhoon and other
disastrous calamities particularly flooding. Gifted by nature with abundant fresh
water supply, it provides excellent potable water through its 8 large springs. The
city rests palm-like on a plateau on the southern part of Laguna with a territory
comprising 19,899 hectares, 85 percent totalling to 18,083 hectares of which are
devoted to crop production. The city is composed of 80 barangays consisting of
32 urban with an area of 2,827.43 hectares and 48 rural barangays covering
18,572.57 hectares. It has a projected total population of 258,004 and 52,390
total number of households as of 2012.
Table 2.7 San Pablo Population by Barangay
30 | P a g e
Barangay
Bagong Bayan II-A
(Pob.)
Bagong Pook VI-C
(Pob.)
Population
Barangay I-A (Pob.)
546
Barangay I-B (Pob.)
4,523
Barangay II-A (Pob.)
2,676
Barangay II-B (Pob.)
2,255
Barangay II-C (Pob.)
1,141
5,639
1,921
Barangay
Barangay VI-B
(Pob.)
Barangay VI-D
(Pob.)
Barangay VI-E
(Pob.)
Barangay VII-A
(Pob.)
Barangay VII-B
(Pob.)
Barangay VII-C
(Pob.)
Barangay VII-D
(Pob.)
Population
Barangay
San Joaquin
862
Population
1,467
1,931
San Jose
6,992
2,613
San Juan
3,452
1,705
San Lorenzo
1,903
521
San Lucas
15,343
167
San Lucas
25,770
80
San Marcos
2,800
Barangay
Barangay II-D (Pob.)
Barangay II-E (Pob.)
Barangay II-F (Pob.)
Barangay III-A (Pob.)
Barangay III-B (Pob.)
Barangay III-C (Pob.)
Barangay III-D (Pob.)
Barangay III-E (Pob.)
1,219
2,851
2,106
401
893
2,940
1,310
626
Barangay III-F (Pob.)
Barangay IV-A (Pob.)
Barangay IV-B (Pob.)
Barangay IV-C (Pob.)
308
782
463
820
Barangay
Barangay VII-E
(Pob.)
Bautista
Concepcion
Del Remedio
Dolores
San Antonio 1
San Antonio 2
San Bartolome
San
Buenaventura
San Crispin
San Cristobal
San Diego
Barangay V-A (Pob.)
Barangay V-B (Pob.)
Barangay V-C (Pob.)
Barangay V-D (Pob.)
485
911
473
407
San Francisco
San Gabriel
San Gregorio
San Ignacio
14,824
7,800
5,508
4,534
Barangay VI-A (Pob.)
Santo Niño
Soledad
Sto Angel
Total
497
4,163
2,476
8774
San Isidro
Atisan
Santa Elena
Sto. Cristo
3,527
1,225
4,423
Source: NSO, 2010
Population
Population
Barangay
Population
154
2,444
7,928
13,789
2,251
4,813
3,492
3,160
San Mateo
San Miguel
San Nicolas
San Pedro
San Rafael
San Roque
San Vicente
Santa Ana
2,910
2,975
4,480
2,402
3,467
3,086
3,169
2,525
3,696
3,795
5,452
5,179
Santa Catalina
Santa Cruz
Santa Felomina
Santa Isabel
Sta Ma
Magdalena
Santa Veronica
Santiago I
Santiago II
Santisimo
Rosario
Santa Maria
Santa Monica
2,377
2,365
3,431
3,258
2,428
1,540
2,068
3030
4,528
3,293
7,266
3,086
248,890
Figure 2.21 Map showing the boundaries of Sta. Cruz Sub-basin and the
Seven Crater Lakes Micro-watershed
31 | P a g e
2.2.3.1
Commerce and Industry
San Pablo City craves to synthesize business activities in the area especially
those small and medium enterprises with the support of San Pablo Chamber of
Commerce formed in May 1999 and affliated with the PICC on September 29,
1999 which is a voluntary organization of businessmen and professionals who
shares the common dream of a more vibrant economy for the city and its
environs.
Commerce, trade, and services emerged rapidly in the city with the coming of
giant supermarkets such as SM Shopping Mall and Puregold Supermarket. The
city’s public market popularly known as San Pablo Shopping Mall is located at the
heart of the city which serves as the city’s business center. Adjacent to the SPC
Shopping Mall is Me and City Department Store.
Table 2.8 Business Permits Issuance
Year
Business Permits
Tricycle Franchise
Building Permit
Inspected Business
Closed Establishment
Complaints Responded
Special Permits
2010
4,698
4,839
388
2,120
1
85
50
Source: Business Permits and Licensing Division, SPC
2.2.3.2
2011
4,898
6,172
314
3,220
3
112
125
2012
6,206
6,238
261
3,362
2
256
32
Agriculture
Indigenous farming practices and scientific techniques have maximized the
productivity of San Pablo City’s 16,474.40 hectares of agricultural land by
intercropping fruit trees like lanzones, rambutan, citrus, banana, coffee and
perennial plants like pineapple, papaya, corn, rice and vegetables. Meanwhile,
local products including delicacies from coconut are now gaining popularity as
“pasalubong” like buko pies, macapuno sweets, and candies.
One of the famous farms in the city is Ato Belen’s Farm in Barangay San Juan. It
covers more than 15 hectares which is planted with more than 2,000 trees each
of rambutan, lanzones, durian and papaya. The farm is also lined up with 800
aromatic coconuts. To maximize productivity, these high value crops are
intercropped with vegetables such as lettuce, eggplant, okra, tomato, bell pepper,
cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, sitao, patola, upo among others, and condiments
such as black pepper from India planted to seed beds made up of compost. Apart
from high quality of farm inputs, visitors come to learn about farming techniques
that not only lessen cost but also increases the quality of produce.
2.2.3.3
Infrastructure/Utilities/Facilities
Road Network. San Pablo City at present has a total length of 277.78 km road
network which connects all the rural and urban barangays and its neighboring
municipalities. The national road has a total length of 24,344 km or 8.70% where
79.50% is concreted while 5.57% is asphalted.
32 | P a g e
Bridges. There are 28 road bridges in the city which are well maintained. Load
capacity ranges 5 to 20 tons. Most of these bridges are found in rural areas. The
most recent road widening in the city was done at the Maharlika Highway along
Barangay San Ignacio and Barangay San Rafael and the widening of the San
Ignacio and San Rafael bridges which greatly ease out the flow of traffic going to
Manila and vice-versa.
Transport System. Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJ) operate throughout the city and
nearby town and cities. Public Utility Bus (PUB) such as provincial buses
particularly from the southern part of Luzon and Visayas going to Metro Manila
and vice versa, Public Utility Van (PUV) and FX transport are the most common
means of transportation going to the city of Lipa, Batangas, Sta. Rosa City and
vice versa. Tricycles totalling to 5,500 units with franchise or “Permit to Operate”
are for travelling within the city or for shorter routes. There are also pedicabs or
“padyak” that serve as means of transportation in some subdivisions.
Power. Hundred percent of the total household power needs of the city is being
served by the Manila Electric Company (MERALCO) thru the Botocan
Hydropower Electric Plant which is looped with the Meralco grid through the
Caliraya Hydro Power Plant of the National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR),
PHILPODECO or the Philippine Power Development Corporation located in
Barangays Sa Lorenzo and Sto. Angel provides additional source of electricity in
the city.
Water. The existing water supply sources of San Pablo City Water District consist
of 8 springs, the Cabunsod, Malabanban, Lubigan, Malunod, Malamig, Balanga,
Lagaslagasan and Baloc springs and six production wells located in Bgry. San
Mateo (1), Sta. Catalina (1), San Marcos (2), SPC Central School (1) and San
Pedro (1) with a total monthly rated production capacity of 1,904,310 cubic
meters.
2.2.3.4
Solid Waste Management
The sanitary landfill of San Pablo is the first government owned sanitary landfill in
the CALABARZON area. It is situated in a 61,453 square meters government lot
in Sitio Baloc, Barangay Sto. Nino which is approximately 7 kilometers from
Maharlika Highway in Barangay San Ignacio. It has maximum daily capacity of 80
metric tons of solid waste. The City also has a Central Material Recovery Facility
with total floor area of 1,050 square meters that process/segregate 10 metric tons
of waste per hour.
2.2.3.5
Education
San Pablo City is a center of education and learning with 63 public elementary
and pre-elementary schools which are distributed in 7 districts, 85 Day Care
Centers, 40 private pre-elementary, 14 public secondary schools, 21 private
secondary schools, 6 tertiary schools, and 10 vocational schools and colleges.
There is also the Paaralang Pag-ibig and Pag-asa, a public school for the special
children, and the Saint Peter Seminary, an institution that provides training for the
priesthood.
33 | P a g e
Significant development in education in San Pablo City was the establishment of
the Dalubhasaan ng Lungsod ng San Pablo (DLSP) which occurred during the
term of Mayor Vicente Amante. It is situated in a 19 hectares government lot in
Barangay San Jose consisting of 10 buildings with 81 rooms including
administration building. This public collegiate school seeks to develop academic
excellence, professional competence, social awareness, social upliftment and
appreciation of Philippine heritage. The very first enrolment started on the last
week of April and classes started on 02 July 1997 with 401 students and 21
faculty members. Today, DLSP has 1,399 students while its faculty members
increased to 7 administrative personnel, 21 full time instructors and 21 part-time
instructors. DLSP offers courses such as Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of
Elementary Education, Bachelor of Secondary Education, Hotel and Restaurant
Management, Information Technology, and Technical Vocational Courses in
Automotive Mechanics, Consumer Servicing, and Hardware Servicing.
Another development in education is the establishment of San Pablo City
Science High School, a science-oriented school for the city’s gifted students that
was formally inaugurated on 25 August 2005 wherein the main objective is to
give higher level of science-oriented education with no tuition fee to qualified
students. There is also the national high school consisting of 1 building with 30
classrooms including administration office.
2.2.3.6
Health
The city has both private and government tertiary care hospitals that are capable
of addressing medical emergencies and most medical procedures. They are
staffed with qualified medical practitioners that are well-versed in English as it is
often used as a second language by most Filipinos. The doctors are graduates of
many reputable medical schools in the country, with most of them even pursuing
further studies and training in the United States. The nurses are likewise the
products of credible Philippine nursing schools which had produced many Filipino
nurses working in the US, Europe, the Middle East, and other parts of the world.
Table 2.9 List of hospitals in San Pablo
Hospital
1. Community General Hospital
2. San Pablo District Hospital
3. San Pablo Doctor’s Hospital
4. San Pablo College Medical Center
5. Immaculate Concepcion Hospital
6. St. Francis and Paul General Hospital
7. San Pablo City General Hospital
Location
Colago Avenue
Gen. Luna Street
Mabini Street
Barangay San Rafael
P. Alcantara Street
Barangay San Francisco
Barangay San Jose
The City established a new two-storey hospital in Barangay San Jose with a total
ground floor area of 3,150.59 square meters and second floor area of 2,514.39
square meters. It is called San Pablo City General Hospital which was
inaugurated on 22 April 2010. It started with a total of 77 employee including 6
doctors, 12 nurses, 6 midwives, 7 nurse attendants, and 120 volunteer nurses. It
also has a complete Ancillary Services like laboratory, pharmacy and X-ray
services.
34 | P a g e
2.2.3.7
Communication and Media
Modern communications systems enable San Pablo City to be in contact with the
entire archipelago and the rest of the world with PLDT and Telecommunication
Philippines, Direct Distance Dialing and International Direct Dialing, cellular
phone services of Philtel, Smart, Sun Cellular, Red Mobile, Touch Mobile and
Globe Communications as well as the convenience of telegraph firms. Wireless
broad band for internet are provided by Smart, Globe and Sun Cellular. Wifi
zones are accessible in most commercial areas. Telmarc and Celestron are local
cable televisions that serve to supplement the broadcast and viewing pleasure of
the residents and neighboring municipalities while local newspaper such as
Laguna Bulletin, Wednesday Herald, Day Star, The Barangay, Laguna Courier,
Laguna Express, The Morning Chronicle, Amihan, Kokus, Diretso Balita, Free
Time Journal, Laguna Scope News, and Monthly Mail deliver the news weekly. It
also has a competitive printing industry headed by three big printing presses –
Seven Lakes Printing Press, Admana Printing Press and First Southern Tagalog
Printhouse.
2.2.3.8
Peace and Order
The Police Headquarters, strategically located at the capitol site, Barangay V-A,
with an area of 135 square meters, is the main police station. It is being
supported by Police Community Precint (PCP) located at the City Shopping Mall
within Barangay VI-E and PCP 2 along Thomas Dizon Ave., Dona Leonila Park at
Barangay V-D. It is headed by a Police Superintendent with a total force of 5
officers and 62 PNCOs. It maintains its operational efficiency through the
proportionate distribution and proper utilization of personnel based on the
prevailing peace and order situation. The police station ratio as of 2009 is 1:3
with 246,055 inhabitants. The minimum standard police to population ratio,
however is 1 policeman per 1,000 persons.
Supporting the police force in terms of peace and order maintenance at the
barangay level are 1,107 Barangay Tanods serving the 80 barangays in the city.
Other agencies are 4 registered Security Agencies and PSAF under the City
Traffic and Management Office.
2.2.3.9
Town Festivities and Attractions
Coconut Festival. San Pablo City hosts the Coconut Festival every year for a
week in January, culminating on January 15. The city also holds street dancing
competitions on the said week. San Pablo City boasts of the Seven Lakes,
namely: Bunot, Pandin, Palapakin, Yambo, Mohicap, Calibato and Sampaloc of
which the city is known for. In addition to these natural wonders, San Pablo also
takes pride in conducting five different festivals depicting the life, culture and
heritage of its people. Coconut is one of the main products of the city. To make
the most of the Tree of Life, and to show the world the talents and ingenuity of
the local townsfolk, the Coconut Festival came into existence. The festival started
in January 1996 and is being held during the celebration of the city's patron saint,
St. Paul the First Hermit, which falls every 15th of January. The week-long
celebration features the beer plaza which is being done by closing the city's main
thoroughfare from vehicles and installing food stalls and miniature restaurants
with rock bands performing on make shift stages on different street corners.
35 | P a g e
Cultural presentations featuring different schools, organizations, and barangays
are scheduled every night and is dubbed as Cultural Extravaganza. One of the
most awaited events during this celebration is the Coronation Ball of the Mutya ng
San Pablo, a dinner dance and fashion show featuring the candidates in gowns
and terno creations by local cotouriers. A Foodfair and Exhibit are also a part of
the festivities where the water treasures of San Pablo are cooked in coconut milk.
The highlight of the celebration is the Street Dancing or Mardi Gras where
different schools compete in the beat of themed music and the participants
donned in costumes decorated with materials made from coconut. This also
includes the Parade of floats decorated with coconut materials as well. The
parade passes along the main thoroughfare wherein houses and establishments
are adorned and decorated with coconuts. The festival usually ended with
the Display of Fireworks on the evening of the 15th, the day of the fiesta (Feast
Day).
Rambutan Festival. Between the cool and rainy months of August and
September, San Pablo’s roadsides and almost every backyard transform into
patches of flaming red color, from one of the city’s sweet produce- the rambutan
fruit. In 2008, husband and wife Jorge and Amor Bondad of Sitio de Amor Farm
Resort started what the city now calls Rambutan Harvest Festival wherein guests
and tourists are treated to the bucolic experience of picking the sweet juicy fruit
and eating them right under the trees.
Tilapia May Festival. To celebrate and highlight the abundant blessings that the
Tilapia fish has been giving San Pablo’s fisherfolks and stakeholders, the Tilapia
May Festival was created. The festival started on 31 May 2005, and has been
celebrated on the same day every year by the City Government of San Pablo in
close cooperation with the Seven Lakes Fisheries and Aquatic Resource
Management Council (SLFARMC) and Laguna Lake Development Authority
(LLDA). This one-day event revolves around the significance of the Tilapia in
San Pablense culture. The activities include lake seeding of Tilapia fingerlings,
Tilapia cooking contest, and the most anticipated balsa regatta race.
The City has 5 shopping malls and supermarkets with 39
foodshops/bars/restaurants. It has also 36 hotels and accommodations and 8
sports facilities located within and around the city.
2.2.4
2.2.4.1
Barangay Context
Location and land area
Pandin Lake is located in Barangay Sto. Angel. It is situated in North-eastern portion
of San Pablo City. The barangay has a rolling to undulating terrain. It is about 6.7
kilometers from the city proper.
Barangay Sto. Angel has an area of about 528.23 hectares representing 2.47
percent of the total land area of the city.
There are about 100 meters on both sides of the National Road along Barangay
Sto. Angel which are classified as residential areas. Provincial Road going to
Rizal, Laguna, northwards to the tourism circuit areas of Barangay Sto. Angel is
36 | P a g e
allotted as forest zone. All other existing built-up areas or barangay sites are
agricultural areas.
2.2.4.2
Population
The total population of Barangay Sto. Angel is about 9,214 according to the 2013
Barangay Development Plan. The total number of household is 1,696.
2.2.4.3
Education
A small semi-concrete building situated at the back of the barangay hall serves as
the Day Care Center where Montessori ng Masa Program of the government is
administered to care and prepare children aged 3-6 years to formal education.
The public elementary school has four buildings consisting of 19 rooms including
the Home Economics room, library, canteen, computer room, and the Principal’s
Office.
2.2.4.4
Local Economy and Livelihood
The most common agricultural products in the barangay are rice, corn, root crops
and vegetables while fishermen catch fish at nearby lakes like Pandin, Yambo
and Calibato Lakes. Common livestock and poultry people raised are swine,
chicken, duck and goat. Some residents have garments and sari-sari stores.
A huge number of professionals residing in this area consist of midwives, nurses,
teachers and professors, businessmen, and employees in both private and
government offices.
Workers like carpenters, factory workers, tricycle operators and drivers, and
common labourers serve as the backbone of human resources. There are also
Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs).
2.2.4.5
Social Services
One or two babies are born every month. Very few deaths occur due to the
presence of a doctor and midwife in the barangay. Pre-natal care results to few
infants deaths. Family planning is also being practiced among couples through
the support of the LGU midwives and health workers.
2.2.4.6
Tourism Facilities
Pandin Lake and Calibato Lake are the tourist spots of the Barangay. In 2012,
Lake Pandin recorded 12,108 tourists, 11,022 are local tourists while 246 are
foreign tourists. The resorts in the area are Calibato Lake Resort, Cresta Monte
Resort, Garden of Eden Resort, Countryside Resort, Boying Resort, and
Riverside Resort.
2.2.4.7
Transportation
The Barangay has concrete Provincial Road and more or less 3 km barangay
road. There are two hanging bridges. The common means of transportation are
37 | P a g e
jeepney and tricycle. Private cars, tricycles, motorcycles and scooters are also
used as means of transportation of the residents.
2.2.4.8
Communication, Power and Potable Water Supply
Almost all of the residents have electrical connection being served by MERALCO.
Convenience in using landline telephones is enjoyed by residents through the
services of the Philippine Long Distance Telephone, Philippine Telegraph and
Telephone, and DIGITEL. Modern cellular phones are very common that even
high school students have the luxury to own a unit. Daily news and current affairs
are gathered through televisions, radios, and daily newspapers.
Almost 95 percent of the household get water supply from the San Pablo City
Water District, 5 percent from deep wells and artesian wells.
2.2.4.9
Peace and Order
Barangay Sto. Angel is relatively peaceful, with minimal crime problem. The
Barangay procured patrol car which is used to mobilize the Peace and Order
Program of the Barangay Tanod. Some volunteers from the Guardians
Brotherhood and the Barangay “Lupon ng Tagapamayapa” help in maintaining
peace and order.
2.2.4.10
Religion
There are various kinds of religions in the Barangay. The Roman Catholic
dominates in number of population. Churches and chapels in the area are Born
Again Chapel located at Purok 4, Catholic Chapel and Aglipayan located at Purok
3, Church of Chirst of Jesus Latter Day Saints located at National Housing
Authority area.
2.3
Project Rationale
The Pandin Lake Development and Management Plan is envisioned to introduce
livelihood and income-generating interventions for the stakeholders of Pandin
Lake that will eventually help in protecting the lake. It derives its particular
importance in view of the need to uplift the socio-economic condition of many
residents in Barangay Sto. Angel. Moreover, the plan is a response to the need
for mechanisms to ensure the sustainable management of Pandin Lake.
Specifically, it addresses the following major concerns:





38 | P a g e
Provision of livelihood opportunities that can sufficiently respond to the needs
of the people;
Attain financial sustainability for low average family income in the barangay;
Maintain and improve the lake’s water quality and implement
programs/activities that will conserve the environment;
Conserve biodiversity (flora and fauna); and
Prevent encroachment to the lakeshore.
3.0
Vision, Mission, Goals, Objectives and Activities
3.1
Vision
The Vision for Pandin Lake was crafted during a multi-sectoral workshop held on
March 27-28, 2014 at the Tierra de Oro Hotel and Resort Conference Hall located
in Barangay San Antonio I, San Pablo City. The workshop was facilitated by the
Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) together with Tanggol Kalikasan
(TK). Below is the crafted vision stated in Filipino:
“Ang tubig-kanlungan ng Lawa ng Pandin na may masaya at masiglang
komunidad na tigib sa tradisyon at kultura, kaalaman sa kalikasang
malinis, may masaganang pamumuhay sa ekoturismo at pangisdaan, may
pagkakaisa at mabuting pamamalakad”.
3.2
Mission
Correspondingly, the Mission Statement was also formulated during the
workshop as hereunder stated in Filipino:
“Saliksikin at dagdagan ang kaalaman, pangalagaan ang kalikasan,
patatagin ang samahan at paunlarin ang kabuhayan sa Lawa ng Pandin
para sa mga susunod na salinlahi”
3.3
Goals
The DMP has seven goals which were synthesized and identified by the
stakeholders of Lake Pandin. The following are the crafted goals presented in
Filipino:
1. Bawat turista ay nasiyahan sa mga natutunan at naranasan sa
lawa;
2. Mapanatili na Class C ang kalidad ng tubig sa lawa;
3. Matanman ang kagubatan ng namumulaklak at namumungang
punongkahoy at maging prime tourist destination sa Laguna
4. Tumaas ang kita mula sa ekoturismo at tumaas ang antas ng
pamumuhay ng bawat miyembro ng samahan at ng kanilang
pamilya;
5. Mapanatili ang kaayusan at katiwasayan sa lawa;
6. Mapanatili, maipasa/maipalaganap at maipagmalaki ang kultura at
tradisyong “San Pableno”.
3.4
Project Description and Beneficiaries
The primary beneficiaries of the project shall be the residents of Barangay Sto.
Angel particularly those who will be involved in the operation of the Pandin
39 | P a g e
Sustainable Ecotourism and the potential members of the soon to be created
Pandin Development Cooperative.
3.5
Objectives
The objectives of each goal have also been identified in the consultative
workshop conducted on May 6, 2014. Synthesized, these are:
For Goal 1
Objective 1. Sa loob ng 2 taon, mayroong “knowledge center” na may sapat na
pantustos para mapangalagaan at mapanatili ang center at may tagapamahala
na may kakakayahang mangalap ng pondo at mag update ng mga datos.
Objective 2. Sa loob ng susunod na 1 taon ay may mga importanteng datos ukol
sa halaman, hayop at kultura na nasa Lawa ng Pandin na makakasagot sa lahat
ng tanong ng mga turista at mga estudyante. Ang nasabing “center” ay
maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod:





Alamat ng coconut
Alamat ng bawat isang lawa
Alamat ng Pinya
Pag-awit ng may gitara
Cultural presentation(Santacruzan sa lawa na maging bahagi
ng Gawain ng “Cultural Heritage Center”)
Objective 3. Mapag-ibayo ang magandang serbisyo at pakikitungo sa mga
turista
For Goal 2
Objective 1. Sa loob ng dalawang (2) taon ay tukoy na ang lahat ng
pinanggagalingan ng polusyon.
Objective 2. Sa loob ng dalawang (2) taon may mamamayang may kakayanang
magsuri ng kalidad ng tubig sa pamamagitan ng simpleng pamamaraan.
For Goal 3
Objective 1. Sa loob ng limang (5) taon ay makapagtanim sa dalawampu (20)
ektayang lupa (4 na ektarya kada taon) ng mga sumusunod na uri ng pananim
(species): namumulaklak/timber trees (narra, golden shower, fire tree);
namumungang punongkahoy (durian, langka, guyabano, rambutan, lansones,
macopa, yambo, mangga, bayabas-baguio); tabi ng lawa (bangkal at kawayan).
For Goal 4
Objective 1. Dagdagan ng mga mapapaglibangan tulad ng paggawa ng eco-park
(hal. Butterfly Garden, eco-trail)
Objective 2. Magagdag ng mga uri ng produkto (novelty items) na pwedeng
ipagbenta
40 | P a g e
Objective 3. Maipalaganap ang ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin
Objective 4. Dagdagan ang mga kaalaman ng mga samahan
For Goal 5
Objective 1. Sa loob ng dalawang taon, makabuo, makapagpasa, at
makapagpatupad ng ordinansa/batas/polisiya na tutugon sa dumi ng lahat ng uri
ng hayop, basura, kapayapaan at kaayusan at kaligtasan ng lokal na
mamamayan at ng mga turista
For Goal 6
Objective 1. Sa loob ng dalawang taon, makapagtatag ng isang “Cultural
Heritage Center” kung saan mapapangalagaan ang yamang kultura, kasaysayan,
at tradisyon ng mga San Pableño na maaaring maipamahagi at maisalin sa mga
susunod na henerasyon. Ang nasabing “center” ay maglalaman ng mga
impormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod:




3.6
Alamat ng coconut
Alamat ng bawat isang lawa
Alamat ng Pinya
Pag-awit ng may gitara
Activities
Goal 1
Objective 1
Activities:
1. Sa loob ng isang buwan, matapos at maaprubahan ang planong ito,
bumuo ng grupo na maghahanap/tutukoy ng lugar kung saan itatayo ang
“Knowledge Center (KC)” malapit sa Lawa ng Pandin
2. Makipag-ugnayan/koordinasyon ang Pandin FARMC, LGU at LLDA sa
may ari ng lupa upang magkaroon ng kaukulang permiso/pahintulot na
makapagtayo ng “knowledge center” malapit sa Pandin Lake.
3. Maitayo ang knowledge center na may supply ng kuryente (pwedeng
solar), tubig, at mga kagamitan sa loob ng dalawang (2) taon.
4. Mangalap ng pondo/suporta mula samga public o private sources para sa
pagpapatayo ng KC at pagkalap ng mga kagamitan para sa KC (projector
set, tables and chairs, sound system, etc.)
Fund Raising Activities: solicitation, palaro – paliga, karera ng balsa
5. Sa kalagitnaan ng pagtatayo ng KC, tukuyin na ang tao sa KC
namamamahala (volunteer muna) napapayag na libre (pero may konting
allowance) muna sa loob ng 1 taon
41 | P a g e
Goal 2
Objective 1
Activity:
1. Magsagawa ng isang survey para tukuyin ang mga maaaring
pinanggalingan ng polusyon ng lawa na isasagawa ng bubuoing
committee. Ang Committee Composition ay ang mga sumusunod:LLDA,
FARMC, LGU-SB (Sto. Angel), Tourism LGU, City ENRO
Objective 2
Activities:
1. Magbuo ng isang committee na magmo-monitor ng kalidad ng tubig na
aprubado ng LLDA (mga simpleng monitoring parameters na pag-iisipan
ng committee)
2. Magkaroon ng mga trainings at procurement ng mga simpleng testing kit
para sa pagsusuri ng tubig.
3. Magsagawa ng buwanang pagmo-monitor ng kalidad ng tubig na
isusumite sa ELRD ng LLDA
4. Ang resulta ng pagsusuri ng kalidad ng tubig na dapat maibigay sa lahat
ng stakeholders ng lawa (resulta ng committee at regular na imo-monitor
ng LLDA)
5. Humanap/humingi ng tulong (grants) para sa pagmo-monitor ng kalidad
ng tubig
Goal 3
Objective 1
Activities: (Sa Unang Taon)
1. Alamin at magsagawa ng survey para malaman ang tinutukoy na 20
ektaryang na tataniman ng mga namumulaklak at namumungang
punongkahoy.
2. Magkaroon ng pag-uusap sa mga nasasakupan ng 20 ektarya (sa mga
pribadong nag mamay-ari)
3. Magsagawa ng pagsusuri ng lupa upang malaman ang mga suited na
species na pananim (species site suitability study)
4. Magkaroon ng MOA signing sa mga pribadong may-ari ng mga lupain
(detalye ng mga kasunduan ay lalamanin ng MOA)
(Pangalawa hanggang Limang Taon)
5. Paghahanap ng mga pananim (posibleng panggalingan ng pananim –
LLDA, DENR, LGUs, NGOs).
6. Pagtatatag ng mga nurseries para sa reforestation ng Pandin
7. Magkaroon ng pagpaplano ukol sa tamang pagtatanim (planting design,
spacing, species)
8. Actual na pagsasagawa ng tree planting.
9. Regular na pagmo-monitor ng mga naitanim na punongkahoy.
10. Pag-aralan kung paano ireresolba ang mga suliranin sa mga sakit ng mga
puno gaya ng “cocolisap”
42 | P a g e
Goal 4
Objective 1
Activities:
1. Pagtatalaga ng isa (o higit pa) na “fishcage” bilang lugar kung saan
maaaring mamingwit ang mga turista (fishcage fishing)
2. Horseback riding mula sa parking area papunta sa Lawa ng Pandin
(kalesa o paragos.)
Note: Beautification of path towards Pandin Lake-more vegetation
3. Siguruhing ang regular maintenance ng mga bamboo raft/balsa
4. Maglagay ng hagdan mula sa Pandin Lake to view Yambo lake
Objective 2
Activities:
1. Pagkakaroon ng isang herbal garden/healing garden na maaari ring
pagkakitaan.
2. Pagbebenta ng cultured/indigenous oranamental plants at native
products.
3. Pagtatayo ng food at fruit cart (kakanin in green packaging, walang junk
foods).
Objective 3
Activities
1. Pamimigay ng leaflets/flyers bilang promosyon ng Eco-tourism ng Lawa
ng Pandin
2. Promosyon ng Ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin sa mga telebisyon, radyo
at pahayagan
3. Makipag-ugnayan sa DILG para sa Proyektong “Salintubig” upang
magkaroon ng malinis na tubig inumin
4. Pag-aralan ang mga bukal bilang karagdagang pagkukunan ng inuming
tubig.
Objective 4
Activities:
1. Mabigyan ng dagdag kaalaman ang mga namamahala sa Lawa ng
Pandin tungkol sa:
 pagtu-tour guide
 First Aid/DRRM
 Food safety/proper handling / preparation
 Leadership/Gender sensitivity training
 Write shops on fund raising at iba pa
2. Makakuha ng dagdag na kagamitan para sa first aid
3. Makabuo ng Kooperatiba mula sa mga samahan
43 | P a g e
Goal 5
Objective 1
Activities:
1. Barangay General Assembly
 Public Consultation sa mga sumusunod:
 Proposed Ordinances
 Pagtatapon ng basura at pagdumi ng mga hayop at
tao sa tubig
 Pagbabawal ang Paggamit ng kuryente at lason sa
pangingisda
 Easement Development at Right of Way
 Panuntunan para sa Kaligtasan o Public Safety
Precaution
 Ordinansa para sa Cultural Heritage Program
2. Regular meeting ng mga samahang namamahala sa Lawa ng Pandin
3. Coordination (LGU, National Agencies at LLDA)
4. Information and Education Campaign sa mga Ordinansang ipapatupad at
Pandin Lake Development and Management Plan
5. Bumuo at magsanay ng mga tagapagpatupad gaya ng Task Forces
(Multi-Sectoral at Multi-Agencies Task Forces)
Goal 6
Objective 1
Activities:
1. Formulation ng isang Cultural Heritage Program (CHP) lead by LGU
2. Coordination with DepEd, DOT, DPWH, DSWD and other relevant
agencies to help implement the CHP
3. Production and distribution of IEC materials related to CHP
44 | P a g e
4.0
Management and Development Strategies Analyses
4.1
Environmental Analysis
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is formulated as a result of the
perceived impacts of the proposed activities in Pandin Lake. This chapter
presents the EMP by component such as Physical Component (Land, Air, and
Water), Biological Componet (Flora and Fauna), Socio-Cultural and Economic
Component. The EMP matrix is consists of the following aspects: the perceived
impacts, its mitigating measures, the responsible parties, and guarantees/
implementation.
The impact areas are shown in Figure 4.1. These are (a) Pandin Lake itself, (b)
area where the land-based facilities will be built, (c) reforestation area, and (d)
Pandin’s entrance trail. The impacts presented in Table 4.3 will be identified
using the matrix method where the impacts will be listed by environmental
component, nature and possible sources of these impacts, significance, and
magnitude. The impact assessment will be done qualitatively but quantification
will be done if possible with the available data. Each listed impact will be
screened and mitigation will be proposed for negative impacts.
Figure 4.1 Delineation of Areas
45 | P a g e
4.1.1
Identification of Impacts
The impacts to the following components will be identified: (a) physical which
includes air, water, and land environments, (b) biological environment composed
of terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna, and (c) socio-economic and cultural
components. The impacts were based on literature on ecotourism which was
revised to apply to conditions and proposed activities in Pandin Lake. The
perceived impacts are listed on Table 4.1.
4.1.2
Major Negative Impacts
The following are the perceived negative impacts on Pandin Lake and its
watershed area:
Table 4.1 Negative Impacts of Pandin Ecotourism by Environmental
Component
Component
Negative Impact
Physico-chemical
Contamination and reduced clarity of lake water
Demand for water supply
Eutrophication and excessive algal growth
Soil erosion
Solid waste generation
Air quality effects
Generation of excessive sound levels
Biological
Decline of faunal species
Decline of fish population
Introduction of non-endemic aquatic species
Habitat destruction/alteration
Mechanical damage on vegetation
Socio-Cultural and
Increasing crime rate
Economic
Local Inflation
Disruption of local social relationships
Decreasing aesthetic value of the area
Traffic issues
The biological effects especially at the lake are primarily caused by the physicochemical impacts which are caused by the proposed developments and facilities
in Pandin Microwatershed. Hence, the discussion of the impacts will focus on the
physical component because it is expected that the mitigation of the negative
impacts for this component will also mitigate the biological effects.
4.1.2.1
Contamination and Reduced Clarity of Lake Water
This is the most significant impact to the Pandin Micro-watershed since the main
attraction of the ecotourism project is Pandin Lake. Being a small and closed lake
with no major river or stream feeding it, the lake is susceptible to water quality
degradation from natural and anthropogenic sources. Contamination of lake
water can come from the various activities of the project, such as, (a) kitchen
wastes and washing, (b) sewage, (c) solid wastes, (d) excessive fish feeding, and
(e) storm water runoff.
46 | P a g e
Table 4.2 Identified Impacts by Environmental Component
Impacts
Discussion
Physical Component: Water Environment
(+) Improved water quality for drinking water
(-) Demand for water supply
(-) Contamination and reduced clarity of lake water
(-) Eutrophication and excessive algal growth
Pandin operators may invest in chemical or mechanical treatment for water resources for the well-being of both eco-tourists
and locals.
The project will require water for domestic uses (drinking, washing, flushing).
Contamination of lake water may come from the following sources: (a) runoff from trails and exposed soil areas, (b) sewage,
(c) wash water from kitchen and toilet sinks, (d) solid wastes (plastic, wrappers, food pieces, etc., (e) urine and fecal matter
from bathers, re-suspension of sediments in shallow portions of the lake, and (f) wastewater from shower/rest rooms.
Algal blooms may be enhanced by direct input of soaps, detergents, and fecal material. Indirect inputs from septic tank
overflows and continual feeding and baiting of fish.
Physical Component: Land Environment
(-) Soil erosion
(-) Solid waste generation
Physical Component: Air Environment
(-) Air quality impacts
(-) Generation of excessive sound levels
Soil erosion will be due to runoff during rains especially in steep areas around the lake. The following are sources of soil
erosion: (a) Inappropriate quality of trails (e.g., trails do not follow natural contours of the landscape), (b) Hikers widen existing
trails by creating shortcuts, (c) Plant removal, and (d) human related activities.
Solid wastes from the various project components are expected to increase.
Air residuals are expected to increase. Major sources include (a) motor vehicles, (b) fugitive dust, burning of nonbiodegradable litter such as plastic bottles and bags, batteries and aerosol cans.
Increase in sound levels is especially expected. Sound generators include (a) motor vehicles, (b) public address systems, (c)
sound systems, (d) shouting, laughter, or loud voices from tourists, and (e) standby generator.
Biological Component: Fauna
(+) Improved knowledge/data about animal distribution
and behavior
(+) Locals promote the protection of wildlife
(-) Decline of faunal species
(-) Habitat alteration
(-) Fish decline at the lake
(-) Introduction of non-endemic aquatic species
47 | P a g e
Scientific research on terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna is expected to be enhanced due to increased public awareness.
The financial gains of the project can be partly used for ecosystem conservation research.
The residents of Bgy. Sto. Angel will gain a better understanding on their biological resources.
The presence of tourists may stress the faunal species of Pandin Lake.
The construction of the trail, and other facilities may alter the natural habitat of species.
Over-fishing by tourists
Tourists may bring non-native aquatic species and accidentally or intentionally release in to the lake.
Table 4.2 Identified Impacts by Environmental Component (Cont’d.)
Impacts
Biological Component: Flora
(+) Improved knowledge/data about plant distributions and
conditions
(+) Locals promote the protection of (native) flora
(-) Habitat destruction/alteration
(-) Mechanical damage on vegetation
Socio-cultural and Economic Component
(+) Increasing employment possibilities for locals
(+) Additional regional income
(+) Improved education for young locals
(+) Improved healthcare
(-) Increasing crime rate
(-) Local Inflation
(-) Seasonability of jobs
(-) Disruption of local social relationships
(-) Decreasing aesthetic value of the area
(-) or (+) Increase in traffic
Note: (-) indicates a negative impact; (+) indicates a positive impact
48 | P a g e
Discussion
Scientific research on plants will be enhanced due to increased public awareness and financial sources.
The residents of Bgy. Sto. Angel will gain a better understanding of their biological resources.
The trail and construction of the facilities will involve clearing of some vegetation. Solid wastes may be thrown in
vegetated areas traversed by the trails around the lake. Lake water may be contaminated by direct inputs from tourists
such as solid and liquid wastes.
Removal of branches, leaves, and flowers along the trails and driving of nails into tree trunks for signages.
The Ecotourism will create jobs for guides, managers, workers, etc. it will also enhance downstream businesses through
tourist demands for food, accommodation, transportation, and souvenirs.
Increased income of Bgy. Sto.Angel and San Pablo City as a whole from taxes.
The project will depend on local guides which have to be trained on tourist interaction. This will result to improved general
education and language skills.
The taxes derived from the Pandin Ecotourism can provide additional funds for the health facilities of Bgy. Sto. Angel.
The presence of tourists may attract criminal elements to the area or local residents may be tempted to become criminals
when confronted with rich tourists.
Tourism demand (especially during peak seasons) may cause prices for labor, land and locally produced goods to
increase.
The Pandin Ecotourism may succumb to seasonability (peak and low seasons).
Jealousy among local residents due to uneven distribution of financial benefits derived from the Ecotourism.
Environmental damages (lake water contamination, overcrowding, increasing infrastructure, solid waste management
problems, traffic issues) may affect the aesthetic value of the lake.
The influx of tourists will increase traffic in Bgy. Sto. Angel and its environs. Traffic congestion may occur during peak
seasons given the narrow provincial roads and narrow foot trails at the site.
4.1.2.2
Water Demand
Demand for water in Pandin Lake is composed of drinking, washing, bathing,
flushing, and other domestic uses including food preparation.
4.1.2.3
Eutrophication and Excessive Algal growth
Eutrophication is frequently a result of nutrient pollution from the release of
sewage effluent into natural body of water such as lake. It promotes excessive
plant growth and decay, favors certain weedy species over others, and is likely to
cause severe reductions in water quality. In aquatic environments, enhanced
growth of choking aquatic vegetation or phytoplankton disrupts normal
functioning of the lake ecosystem, causing a variety of problems such as lack of
oxygen in the water for aquatic species to survive.
When a lake experiences an increase in nutrients, primary producers such as
algae experience population increase. Algal blooms limit the sunlight available to
bottom-dwelling organisms and cause wide swings in the amount of dissolved
oxygen in the water. Under eutrophic conditions, dissolved oxygen greatly
increases during the day, but is greatly reduced after dark by the respiring algae
and by micro-organisms that feed on the increasing mass of dead algae.
Phosphorus from sewage is often regarded as the main cause in cases of lake
eutrophication. The concentration of algae and the trophic state of lakes
correspond well to phosphorus levels in water. Sediment re-suspension events
have also been shown to alter the concentration of dissolved phosphorus in
shallow lakes with suspended solids acting either as sinks or a source. The
following are the impacts of increased primary productivity in lakes:
-
Increased biomass of phytoplankton;
Toxic or inedible phytoplankton species;
Increases in blooms of gelatinous zooplankton;
Decreased biomass of benthic and epiphytic algae;
Changes in macrophyte species composition and biomass;
Decreases in water transparency (increased turbidity);
Color, smell, and water treatment problems;
Dissolved oxygen depletion leading to incidences of fish kills;
Loss of desirable fish species and reduction in harvestable fish; and
Decreases in perceived aesthetic value of the water body.
4.1.2.4
Soil Erosion
Site clearing activities and trail laying will expose the soil at the site and can be
carried by runoff during heavy rains. This could result in increasing sediment
loads to Pandin Lake.
4.1.2.5
Solid Waste Generation
The project is expected to generate solid wastes from tourist activities. These are
from the paper, glass, plastics, kitchen/food wastes, and organic, inorganic, and
hazardous wastes.
49 | P a g e
4.1.2.6
Air quality impacts
Dust and gaseous emissions are the primary pollutants expected during
construction phase. The primary sources of these will include site development,
erection of structures, transportation and handling of construction raw materials,
heavy equipment movement to and from the project site, and the use of
temporary electricity generating facilities. Activities associated with site
development are land clearing, drilling, and excavation.
Changes in ambient air pollutant concentrations during construction are expected
to be short-term and insignificant. The increase will mainly affect workers in and
near the area of disturbance. The amount of airborne dust generation and
gaseous by-products will be dependent on climate conditions and the intensity of
construction activities.
Air pollutant emissions during occupancy will come from the standby power
generating set and motor vehicles of tourists. These are, however, expected to
be insignificant and intermittent.
4.1.2.7
Generation of excessive sound levels
Excessive sounds coming from tourist activities include karaoke, singing at
camps, loud talking, and shouting in trails. These sounds can disturb endemic
avian species in their natural habitat.
4.1.3
Residual and Unavoidable Impacts
Residual impacts refer to those that may remain even after the implementation of
mitigating measures. Being an ecotourism project, the unavoidable impact would
be an increase in population (tourists) at any given time translating to increases in
resource demands and residual generation. Expected residual impacts are:
a) Increase in air quality residuals (NEGATIVE) from domestic activities and
motor vehicles;
b) Increase in traffic volume (NEGATIVE in terms of air quality, POSITIVE in
terms of economics);
c) Increase wastewater generation (NEGATIVE);
d) Increase in solid waste generation (NEGATIVE); and
e) Increase in economic activities in the area (POSITIVE).
50 | P a g e
4.1.4
Environmental Management Plan
Table 4.3 shows the proposed EMP for the negative impacts.
Table 4.3. Matrix of the Proposed Environmental Management Plan
Impacts
Mitigating Measures
Responsible Parties
Guarantees/Implementation
Environmental Attribute: Physical Component
Contamination and reduced
clarity of lake water
 Provision of three-chambered septic vaults for each toilet.
 Provision of screens and grease traps in kitchen sinks.
 Practice use of “dry cleaning” utensils and equipment to
reduce organic loading of wash water
 Provision of adequate storm drainage canals. Final outfall
should be away from the lake if possible. If not, provision of
sedimentation ponds for silt removal.
 Continuous IEC for tourists on source and minimization of
water pollution.
 Operator of Pandin
Ecotourism
 Local government of
Sto. Angel
 POs and NGOs in
Pandin






Eutrophication and excessive
algal growth
51 | P a g e
 Provision of adequate water supply storage and distribution
system
 Use of existing wells in the vicinity.
 Encourage water re-use and recycling.
 Use of detergents with low phosphorus content.
 Avoid use of fertilizers in maintaining vegetation at activity
sites.
 Regular monitoring of algal growth at the lake
Ecotoursim



Ecotoursim
 Local government of
Sto. Angel




Pandin Ecotourism
Clean Water Act
Include in ECC conditions
Formulation of a Multi-partite Monitoring Team (if
possible)
In addition to monitoring of water quality by LLDA, the
Ecotoursim will conduct regular sampling (monthly at
the minimum). The Ecotoursim will provide the required
sampling equipment or hire a third party.
Minimum parameters will include BOD, TSS, pH,
temperature, total coliform, oil and grease, nitrogen,
and phosphorus.
Pandin Ecotourism
NWRB Water Permit
Ecotoursim Operator
Algal monitoring by LLDA
Formulation of a Multi-partite Monitoring Team (if
possible)
 Monitoring by the LGU of San Pablo and Sto. Angel
Table 4.3 Matrix of the Proposed Environmental Management Plan (Cont’d.)
Impacts
Soil erosion
Mitigating Measures
Minimize exposed soil areas
Provide drainage canals along trails to capture runoff
Minimal removal of vegetation along steep slopes
Planting of appropriate vegetation along exposed areas and
steep slopes.
 Practice solid waste segregation
 Formulate a solid waste management plan for Pandin
 Continuous IEC of locals, tourists, and workers on proper solid
waste practices
Air quality effects
 Regular maintenance of generator sets
 Provision of buffer zones in parking areas
 Provision and maintenance of exhaust vents or chimneys for
kitchens
 Regular spraying of exposed soil areas with water
Generation of excessive
 Installation of appropriate noise barriers in the Pandin ecosound levels
activities areas, and other facilities.
 Continuous IEC for locals, tourists, guides, workers on noise
pollution sources and prevention.
Environmental Attribute: Biological Component
 Pandin Ecotourism
Operator
 Pandin Ecotourism Operator
 Include in ECC conditions
 Formulation of a Multi-partite Monitoring Team (if
possible)
Operator LGU of San
Pablo and Sto. Angel
 RA 9003
 Relevant ordinances of San Pablo and Bgy. Sto. Angel
on solid waste management
 Clean Air Act
Operator
 LGU of San Pablo and
Sto. Angel
 PD 984 (Pollution Control Law)
 Formulate and conduct continuous IEC on tourist behavior
along sensitive areas.
Decline of fish population at
the lake
 Restrictions on fishing times and location
 Replenishment of endemic fish stocks
Introduction of non-endemic
aquatic species
 Prohibit bringing of any live aquatic plant and animal.
 Security checks in entrances.
Operator
Sto. Angel
Operator
Sto. Angel
Operator
Sto. Angel
52 | P a g e




Responsible Parties
Operator
Impacts
Mitigating Measures
Habitat destruction/alteration
 Formulate protocols on tourist behavior in sensitive areas.
Mechanical damage on
vegetation
 Formulate protocols on tourist behavior in sensitive areas.
Responsible Parties
Operator
Sto. Angel
Operator
Sto. Angel
Operator
 LGU of San Pablo
Sto. Angel
Sto. Angel
Operator
Sto. Angel
Operator
Sto. Angel
Sto. Angel
Environmental Attribute: Socio-Cultural and Economic Component
Increase in crime rate
 Provision of 24-hour security in activity areas
Local Inflation
 Monitor price abuse by local business
Disruption of local social
relationships
 Conduct IEC on tourist-locals relationships
Decreasing aesthetic value of
the area
Increase in traffic
53 | P a g e
 Formulate and implement a monitoring and maintenance
program for Pandin Ecotoursim
 Formulate and implement a traffic management plan
and
and
and
and
and
4.1.5 Discussion of Significant Mitigation Measures
The significant impacts identified are generation of domestic wastewater and
solid waste. Strategies for mitigating these impacts are discussed below.
4.1.5.1
Sewage Collection, Treatment, and Disposal
Domestic wastewater will be composed of two major streams: toilet and kitchen
discharges. Toilet discharges will be collected and treated in septic vaults while
kitchen wash water will be passed through sink screens and grease traps. There
is, however, the issue of the efficiencies of the septic vault for treating sewage.
This is the reason why a septic tank system has a land treatment component.
This component is present by providing an overflow pipe in the last chamber of
the septic vault where the partially treated overflow is drained onto the ground.
The dissolved organic content and nutrients will be further stabilized by soil
micro-organisms and plants.
It is expected that the population of Barangay Sto. Angel will increase with the
project’s implementation. Domestic wastewater will not only be generated by
Pandin Sustainable Ecotoursim visitors but also by the residents. This scenario
will generate the problem of treating sewage by these residents. Aside from
providing individual septic vaults for the wastewater generated, one option is to
install a small community sewage treatment facility.
4.1.5.2
Solid Waste Management Plan
A SWMP is essential to address the solid waste generation impact of the Pandin
Ecotourism. Basic components of a SWMP are: (a) SW generation and
characterization, (b) Storage and collection systems, (c) Exploring SW disposal
alternatives like Segregated Collection System, Materials Recovery Facility
(MRF), and Composting. The formulation of the SWMP should conform to the
provisions of RA 9003.
4.1.6
Indicative Costs of EMP
Providing accurate costs at this point for the EMP is difficult because some are
part of the construction costs and others are part of operational expenses. The
following matrix shows the phase and source of costing for the recommended
mitigation measures.
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Table 4.4 Possible Cost Estimates for EMP Implementation
Impacts
Contamination and reduced
clarity of lake water
Eutrophication and
excessive algal growth
Soil erosion
Air quality effects
Generation of excessive
sound levels
Decline of fish population at
the lake
Introduction of non-endemic
aquatic species
Habitat
destruction/alteration
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Mitigating Measures
 Provision of three-chamber septic vaults for
each toilet.
 Provision of screens and grease traps in kitchen
sinks.
 Practice use of “dry cleaning” restaurant utensils
and equipment to reduce organic loading of
wash water
 Provision of adequate storm drainage canals.
Final outfall should be away from the lake as if
possible, if not, provision of sedimentation
ponds for silt removal.
 Continuous IEC for tourist on source and
minimization of water pollution.
 Provision of adequate water supply storage and
distribution system
 Use of existing wells in the vicinity.
 Encourage water re-use and recycling.
 Use of detergents with low phosphorus content.
 Avoid use of fertilizers in maintaining vegetation
at activity sites.
 Regular monitoring of algal growth at the lake
 Minimize exposed soil areas
 Provide drainage canals along trails to capture
runoff
 Minimal removal of vegetation along steep
slopes
 Planting of appropriate vegetation along
exposed areas and steep slopes.
 Practice solid waste segregation
 Formulate a solid waste management plan for
Pandin Ecotourism
 Continuous IEC of locals, tourists, and workers
on proper solid waste practices
 Regular maintenance of the generator set
 Provision of buffer zones in parking areas
 Provision and maintenance of exhaust vents or
chimneys for kitchens
 Regular spraying of exposed soil areas with
water
 Installation of appropriate noise barriers in the
Pandin eco-activities areas, and other facilities.
 Continuous IEC for locals, tourists, guides,
workers on noise pollution sources and
prevention.
 Formulate and conduct continuous IEC on
tourist behavior along sensitive areas.
 Restrictions on fishing times and location
 Replenishment of endemic fish stocks
 Prohibit bringing of any live aquatic plant and
animal.
 Security checks in entrances.
 Formulate protocols on tourist behavior in
sensitive areas.
Source of Costing
 Construction
contractor
 Construction
contractor
 Pandin Ecotoursim
Operation cost
 Construction
contractor
Operation cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
 Construction
contractor
Operation cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
 Construction
contractor
Operation cost
 Construction
contractor
Operation cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
Impacts
Mechanical damage on
vegetation
Increase in crime rate
Mitigating Measures
 Formulate protocols on tourist behavior in
sensitive areas.
 Provision of 24-hour security in activity areas
Local Inflation
 Monitor price abuse by local business
Disruption of local social
relationships
Decreasing aesthetic value
of the area
Increase in traffic
 Conduct IEC on tourist-locals relationships
4.2
 Formulate and implement a monitoring and
maintenance program for the Pandin Ecotourism
 Formulate and implement a traffic management
plan
Source of Costing
Operation cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
Operation cost
Social Analysis
4.2.1 Stakeholder Mapping
Individuals and groups who have relative influence in future tourism activities at
Pandin Lake were identified. Identification was based on the prevailing
institutional arrangements regarding Pandin Lake as well as on the ascertainment
of those who may possibly be impacted by the Management and Development
Plans. The identification of stakeholders was done in consultation with the key
actors in Pandin Lake such as the LLDA, Barangay LGU, Pandin FARMC and
City LGU. Table 4.5 presents the identification of the stakeholders, summary of
their stakes and rating of the possible impact of future ecotourism developments
on them.
Table 4.5 Pandin Lake Stakeholders
Stakeholder
Stake
Potential
Impact
Laguna Lake Development
Authority
San Pablo City LGU
Overall management and regulatory control over Pandin Lake.
High
General supervision and control over all programs, projects,
services and activities of the City; facilitates formulation of
municipal ordinances in relation to tourism and the environment;
facilitates tourism programs, projects, services and activities of
the municipality.
High
LGU Sto Angel
Responsible for all programs, projects, services and activities of
the barangay where Pandin Lake is located
Pandin Lake monitoring body as well as recommendatory body
to LLDA
Property rights over land along the lakeshore
High
Pandin FARMC
Individual owners of
properties on the shores of
Pandin Lake
Business Sector of Pandin
Youth Representative (SK)
Women’s Group
Representative
Informal Settlers
Religious Sector
56 | P a g e
High
High
Business and investment opportunities from Pandin Lake
Benefits and opportunities from existing state of Pandin Lake
shall be passed on to future generations
Equal opportunities in all programs, projects, services and
activities in Pandin Lake
Resettlement and livelihood
Medium
Medium
Protection and preservation of religious beliefs and moral
values
Medium
Medium
Medium
Stakeholder
NGO operating in Pandin
DA – BFAR
Stake
Provision of skills training, information and education campaign
and assistance in monitoring in the community surrounding
Pandin Lake
Potential of Pandin Lake for fishery and aquatic resource
development
Potential
Impact
Low
Low
Notes:
1. High Impact – has formal power invested in a position of authority actively participating in policy formation
2. Medium Impact – has social power of being able to persuade others to support or oppose the change
3. Low Impact – has no concrete power over changes but provides assistance on activities that they may
choose to support
Stakeholders can be classified as community stakeholders and institutional
stakeholders. An assessment of their readiness for ecotourism developments is
provided in the following sections. This was done through Key Informant
Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) in order to assess their
awareness, attitudes, apprehensions, available skills and levels of support on
ecotourism activities. The issues and perceptions of the stakeholders which have
been identified from the KIIs and FGDs shall serve as baseline information for
identifying the type and magnitude of intervention or future strategies for
ecotourism development. This shall ensure that the new developments that will
be undertaken have the utmost support and participation of all the stakeholders.
4.2.2
Social Assessment
Social assessment revolves around the readiness of community members to (1)
partake of employment opportunities; (2) engage in ecotourism-related
entrepreneurial activities; and (3) actively participate in ecotourism activities,
particularly for womenfolk.
4.2.2.1
Readiness for Employment
The participants have expressed their readiness to be employed in ecotourism
related activities and projects. The community is reportedly equipped with skills in
housekeeping, cooking, carpentry and other such services. Community members
reported that they have already been trained in the services sector to enhance
their chances of being employed in related establishments outside the barangay.
They also reported having received other livelihood training from government
agencies.
4.2.2.2
Readiness to Engage in Entrepreneurial Activities
Inasmuch as the participants are very much willing to engage in ecotourismrelated businesses such as catering, souvenir making and the like, they lack the
funds and the proper training to establish such businesses. In line with this, the
participants have raised the idea of creating a cooperative for the different
organizations in the barangay. According to them, the cooperative would not only
distribute economic benefits to more people, it can also make it easier to oversee
the management and operation of the community’s businesses.
57 | P a g e
4.2.2.3
Readiness of Womenfolk to Actively Participate
FGD participants were unanimous in the observation that the women of Pandin
are prepared to assume roles toward the development of ecotourism. They
believe that the community will benefit much if the lake is developed. The women
emphasized their willingness to be involved in any project or undertaking that is
asked of them and stressed the convenience of the proximity of their workplace to
their homes. It is important to the women respondents to be near their children to
have the opportunity to attend to them immediately after working hours or during
breaks.
Women are also willing as they are currently involved with, to take on jobs as
usherettes, tourist guides, cultural dancers, cooks and room keepers and could
also specialize in pasalubong, handicrafts and souvenir making. They may also
specialize in promotional and marketing activities to attract tourists to the place.
To further improve their efficiency, they also expressed the need for sufficient
skills training.
4.2.2.4
Encroaching Structures
Some of the private properties have obviously encroached into the lake’s 20meter easement. It is thus essential to have a boundary survey undertaken to
establish the metes and bounds of the Pandin Micro-watershed. Encroaching
structures shall be ordered to be removed by San Pablo City LGU, in coordination
with Sto. Angel LGU. Nonetheless, interviews with the residents indicate that the
private landowners should be consulted as to willingness to be involved in joint
venture projects for the development of the lake.
4.3
Policy Reviews and Analysis for the Seven Crater Lakes
The seven maar lakes in San Pablo City have an interesting geological history
not explored in the ecotourism boom that arose in the last five to ten years. Aside
from access issues, the policy environment is not too complicated or difficult,
unlike many other areas in the country. However, multiple uses that are seen to
compete with each other as well as the perceived social strata of the competing
users complicate the issues.
This study will look into three major policy areas and explore the potential of both
threat and opportunity for the conservation and maximum enjoyment of this lake
by its users and visitors. These policy areas include the resource rights and
access scenarios, the laws governing the maintenance of environmental quality
including standards and restrictions, the governing authority and jurisdictional
disputes.
While the policy environment can be quite complicated, this study will focus only
on the issues that are likely to come up in the Seven Lakes, both in relation
between and among community members or with visitors and with government.
One of the main issues of lake management is the overlap of jurisdictions over
the lake basin, none of which correspond to the boundaries of the basin itself.
This policy study is limited to the policy issues surrounding current problems in
the Seven Lakes and cannot hope to cover nor resolve those that the legal
department of the Laguna Lake Development Authority faces every day. While it
does consider LLDA issuances and resolutions, it assumes that these are flexible
58 | P a g e
enough to accommodate ideas that may help to conserve and protect the Seven
Lakes and if not, that they are susceptible to modification, amendment or repeal.
4.3.1
4.3.1.1
Social Assessment
Resource Rights and Access
4.3.1.1.1
Fisheries
The types of fisheries that are possible in some of the seven lakes are
catch fisheries and aquaculture. There is little by way of regulation needed
for catch fisherfolk, artisanal fishers for whom the Constitution itself
reserves our waters. The only policy consideration is the process of their
registration in order to identify them and provide the necessary programs
and support for them as well as assess sustainable yields, if necessary.
Aquaculture, on the other hand, is a policy and management puzzle.
Republic Act 8550 or the Fisheries Code specifically states the following:
Section 45. Disposition of Public Lands for Fishery Purposes. Public lands such as tidal swamps, mangroves, marshes, foreshore lands
and ponds suitable for fishery operations shall not be disposed or
alienated. Upon effectivity of this Code, FLA may be issued for public
lands that may be declared available for fishpond development primarily
to qualified fisherfolk cooperatives/associations: Provided, however, That
upon the expiration of existing FLAs the current lessees shall be given
priority and be entitled to an extension of twenty-five (25) years in the
utilization of their respective leased areas. Thereafter, such FLAs shall be
granted to any Filipino citizen with preference, primarily to qualified
fisherfolk cooperatives/associations as well as small and medium
enterprises as defined under Republic Act No. 8289: Provided, further,
That the Department shall declare as reservation, portions of available
public lands certified as suitable for fishpond purposes for fish sanctuary,
conservation, and ecological purposes: Provided, finally, That two (2)
years after the approval of this Act, no fish pens or fish cages or fish
traps shall be allowed in lakes.
On the other hand, just six provisions later, Section 51 seems to
contradict this absolute ban by allotting up to 10% of the surface area of
all lakes and rivers for aquaculture but stating that stocking and feeding
should follow carrying capacity.
Section 51. License to Operate Fish Pens, Fish Cages, Fish Traps
and Other Structures for the Culture of Fish and Other Fishery
Products. - Fish pens, fish cages, fish traps and other structures for the
culture of fish and other fishery products shall be constructed and shall
operate only within established zones duly designated by LGUs in
consultation with the FARMCs concerned consistent with national
fisheries policies after the corresponding licenses thereof have been
secured. The area to be utilized for this purpose for individual person
shall be determined by the LGUs in consultation with the concerned
FARMC: Provided, however, That not over ten percent (10%) of the
suitable water surface area of all lakes and rivers shall be allotted for
59 | P a g e
aquaculture purposes like fish pens, fish cages and fish traps; and
the stocking density and feeding requirement which shall be controlled
and determined by its carrying capacity: Provided, further, That fish pens
and fish cages located outside municipal waters shall be constructed and
operated only within fish pen and fish cage belts designated by the
Department and after corresponding licenses therefore have been
secured and the fees thereof paid.
If the carrying capacity is determined by biomass, dividing that by the
usual stocking density might result in well under 10% surface area
covered by cages. To meet these requirements and still cover ten
percent, density should be reduced drastically. Such reduction of surface
area percentage with severe stocking restriction might not make the
construction of aquaculture structures worthwhile, hence reducing the
surface area covered should instead be followed with the recommended
stocking density.
The issue remains that the two provisions seem opposite in intent. This
very matter is currently pending before the Court of Appeals under the
Writ of Kalikasan issued by the Supreme Court. While a Continuing
Mandamus was issued by the Court of Appeals, directing parties to agree
and follow the rules, there has been no ruling resolving the issue of
whether the 10% and the total prohibition should be harmonized.
If policy is to follow science, however, the determination of carrying
capacity would be critical in obtaining the optimum biomass of fish to be
raised in any of the lakes and this would then be apportioned to the
number and size of aquaculture structures to be allowed. It would seem
that current allocations are based on legal rather than scientific
considerations. If 10% is going to be followed without such a carrying
capacity study, it should be with a proviso that what will be issued under
the 10% requirement are privileges that can be revoked if it is later found
once carrying capacity is established that the surface area allowed would
exceed the former. Stocking densities and feeding must also be
considered and the biomass of excess feed added to the equation.
The abiotic elements of the basins of each of the lakes and their
exploitation will also have a profound impact on the ecosystem of the
lakes. Any form of extraction or harvesting of soil, water, gravel, or any
other non-living element of the ecosystem would need to be under a
regulatory regime that takes into consideration impacts on a micro scale.
National laws and regulations take into account multiple ecosystems and
may not be sufficient to protect micro-habitats.
4.3.1.1.2
Land Rights
Ownership under the civil code is the same as “title”. Common
understanding that title is a piece of paper that is evidence of ownership is
a mistaken assumption. The document “Original Certificate of Title” shows
that the document is the certificate and what the certificate proves is title
or ownership. Hence common parlance should slowly adapt to the notion
that title may vest even without such a document or more precisely prior
to the issuance of proof thereof. The system of proving ownership with
certificates common to all is also called the Torrens title system, in which
such a document is considered indefatigable and indefeasible proof of
ownership.
60 | P a g e
Ownership of the basin is characterized as mostly A&D with some
privately titled lands. It must also be understood that even if land is
classified as A&D, it may already have passed into private ownership, not
because of a tax declaration but through extraordinary prescription – the
passage of 30 years of open, continuous, exclusive and notorious
possession, using the acronym OCEN.
This type of ownership
recognized by Commonwealth Act 141 arises right on the day the 30
years of such possession lapses as long as those conditions were present
during those 30 years.
Sec.44. Any natural-born citizen of the Philippines who
is not the owner of more than twelve (12) hectares and
who, for at least thirty (30) years prior to the effectivity
of this amendatory Act, has continuously occupied
and cultivated, either by himself or through his
predecessors-in-interest a tract or tracts of agricultural
public lands subject to disposition, who shall have
paid the real estate tax thereon while the same has not
been occupied by any person shall be entitled, under
the provisions of this Chapter, to have a free patent
issued to him for such tract or tracts of such land not
to exceed twelve (12) hectares. (CA 141 as amended
by RA 6940.)
4.3.1.1.2.1
Easements
Contrary to what many believe, river banks and the banks of lakes are not
necessarily public property. They may have been previously declared
alienable and disposable and registered through the Torrens title system.
However, as a restriction of such title, the law provides that a portion of
the banks of rivers and streams, lakes and coastlines remain clear of
permanent structures for use as animal towpath.
Easement of public use under the Water Code covers the situation in the
Seven Lakes:
Article 51. The banks of rivers and streams and the
shores of the seas and lakes throughout their entire
length and within a zone of three (3) meters in urban
areas, twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas and
forty (40) meters in forest areas, along their margins
are subject to the easement of public use in the
interest of recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing and
salvage. No person shall be allowed to stay in this
zone longer than what is necessary for recreation,
navigation, floatage, fishing or salvage or to build
structures of any kind.
It is safe to assume that for purposes of recreation, 20 meters of the
banks of each lake would be free from occupancy or structures of any
kind and shall only be so occupied for the purposes stated.
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The provision above, however, may not cover the means by which people
access the lakes. The Civil Code of the Philippines characterizes
easements as:
Art. 613. An easement or servitude is an encumbrance
imposed upon an immovable for the benefit of another
immovable belonging to a different owner.
The immovable in favor of which the easement is
established is called the dominant estate; that which is
subject thereto, the servient estate.
In simple terms, it is a restriction on the use of one real property, whether
land or building, that benefits another person’s land or building. The
clearest example which may be applicable to the Seven Lakes is the
easement relating to waters which states that:
Lower estates are obliged to receive the waters which
naturally and without the intervention of man descend
from the higher estates, as well as the stones or earth
which they carry with them.
This simply means that by law, the owner of a lower piece of land cannot
simply build a wall that would prevent all water and rocks and soil from
going downstream.
Furthermore,
Compulsory easements for drawing water or for
watering animals can be imposed only for reasons of
public use in favor of a town or village, after payment
of the proper indemnity.
In other words, the owner of land that is required to be used or has been
used for these purposes by the community has to allow such use but with
payment of proper indemnity. It needs to be noted that proper indemnity
is different from fair market value, which is what is required to be paid in
expropriation proceedings.
Three other types of easements are discussed here. To distinguish them
from one another it is also useful to know that they may be established by
law, automatically restricting the use of private property whether it is
annotated in their Torrens title or not, or by agreement between the
owners of the dominant and servient estates.
Art. 619. Easements are established either by law or
by the will of the owners. The former are called legal
and the latter voluntary easements.
Easements established by law are considered written into the certificates
of title whereas voluntary easements cannot prejudice third parties if they
are not reflected in the title of the servient estates.
When, as in Sampaloc Lake, the area that should be dedicated as
easement is occupied by a road, it can be argued that it serves the
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necessary purpose to keep the area public. However, other ecosystem
services that natural coastlines provide could be lost. As such, it is
necessary to look at these ecosystem services and ensure that they are
artificially created in order to ensure the health of the lake and the
surrounding areas.
4.3.1.1.2.2
Right of Way
An easement of right of way is established with payment of proper
indemnity except if the need for it was due to the acts of the owner of the
servient estate. Otherwise, the provisions on easement of right of way
clearly state the amount of indemnity to be paid:
The owner, or any person who by virtue of a real right
may cultivate or use any immovable, which is
surrounded by other immovables pertaining to other
persons and without adequate outlet to a public
highway, is entitled to demand a right of way through
the neighboring estates, after payment of the proper
indemnity.
Should this easement be established in such a manner
that its use may be continuous for all the needs of the
dominant estate, establishing a permanent passage,
the indemnity shall consist of the value of the land
occupied and the amount of the damage caused to the
servient estate.
All waters are owned by the State (PD 1067). If the dominant estate is
the lake itself, which is owned by the State under the water code, the
State will have to indemnify the owner of the servient estate for the
passage of tourists in the amount stated.
4.3.1.1.2.3
Water Right
The Water Code includes the following principles:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
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All waters belong to the State.
All waters that belong to the State cannot be the subject to
acquisitive prescription.
The State may allow the use or development of waters by
administrative concession.
The utilization, exploitation, development, conservation and
protection of water resources shall be subject to the control and
regulation of the government through the National Water Resources
Council, hereinafter referred to as the Council.
Preference in the use and development of waters shall consider
current usages and be responsive to the changing needs of the
country.
Based on these principles, a water right is required for the use of all
waters including that of surface waters, with the exception of “igib” or
sourcing water in hand carried receptacles and for bathing or washing,
watering or dipping of domestic or farm animals, and navigation of
watercrafts or transportation of logs and other objects by flotation. PD
927 gives the power to grant water rights to the LLDA. However, it can
still be covered by the 2011 issuance of the EMB that even very small
piggeries require a discharge permit.
And in determining priority in the granting of rights for the use of water, an
issue that will be critical if fresh water continues to be threatened by
pollution, the Water Code has this list of prioritization and conditions:
-
Only citizens of the Philippines, of legal age, as well as juridical
persons, who are duly qualified by law to exploit and develop water
resources, may apply for water permits (Art 15)
- In considering applications, NWRB has to decide based on protests
filed, if any; prior permits granted; the availability of water; the water
supply need for beneficial use; possible adverse effects; land-use
economics; and other relevant factors. (Art 16)
- Between two or more appropriation of water from the same sources of
supply, priority in time of appropriation shall give the better right,
except that in times of emergency the use of water for domestic and
municipal purposes shall have a better right over all other uses;
Provided, That where water shortage is recurrent and the appropriator
for municipal use has a lower priority in time of appropriation, then it
shall be his duty to find an alternative source of supply in accordance
with conditions prescribed by the NWRB (Art 22)
4.3.2
4.3.2.1
Environmental Quality
LLDA Clearance
The LLDA clearance already covers a substantial part of what will be reviewed in
terms of the environmental impacts of a project or activity within the region. As
such, it will not be dealt with substantially here.
4.3.2.1.1
EIA System
PD 1151 expounded on by PD 1586 continue to cover the EIA system of
the Philippines and except for mentions of the system that affected
coverage in the past three and a half decades, virtually nothing has
changed in the content of the statute that established it. The EIA system
covers the Seven Lakes by virtue of their being a tourist attraction. What
used to be Office Order No. 3 governing coverage is now incorporated in
DAO 30, 2003 which are the guidelines for the EIA system which
consolidates, systematizes and streamlines the process.
It is critical to note that an important provision of the EIA system that is
based on statute is the requirement of content. However, much
regulations of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
require in terms of content of the IES, they would have to yield to the
statutory basis of such regulations, PD 1151 Section 4 of which require
the content to be:
Section 4. Environmental Impact Statements. Pursuant to
the above enunciated policies and goals, all agencies and
instrumentalities of the national government, including
government-owned or controlled corporations, as well as
private corporations firms and entities shall prepare, file
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and include in every action, project or undertaking which
significantly affects the quality of the environment a detail
statement on:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
the environmental impact of the proposed action,
project or undertaking
any adverse environmental effect which cannot be
avoided should the proposal be implemented;
alternative to the proposed action;
a determination that the short-term uses of the
resources of the environment are consistent with the
maintenance and enhancement of the long-term
productivity of the same; and
Whenever a proposal involves the use of depletable or
non-renewable resources, a finding must be made
that such use and commitment are warranted.
Before an environmental impact statement is issued by a
lead agency, all agencies having jurisdiction over, or
special expertise on, the subject matter involved shall
comment on the draft environmental impact statement
made by the lead agency within thirty (30) days from
receipt of the same.
As such, a developer would need to include alternatives in the EIA for the
reviewers to better appreciate if the project has been painstakingly studied
to cause the least possible damage to the environment.
4.3.2.1.2
Water Quality
Retaining acceptable water quality in the lakes would depend on multiple
factors and the limiting factor, the one which needs to be closely watched,
is determined not only by why it has the highest deviation against the
standard in the water body but also the source of threat. Level of threat is
also affected by the residence time of the water as well as the
streamflows of any inlets or outlets.
The limiting factors can also vary among different users. Fishcage
owners, for example, would not need water quality readings that are so
high as to enable the water to be potable whereas recreational users may
look more closely at E.Coli levels than other parameters.
DAO 34 and 35, both issued in 1990, remain to be the water quality and
classification parameters and standards but the framework and remedies
have been changed by the Clean Water Act (CWA). The main features of
the CWA relevant to the Seven Lakes and the current threats faced there
are as follows: (1) requirements for a ten year plan; (2) Requiring
wastewater discharge permits and charging based on pollution loads and
(3) apportioning roles. The LLDA serves as the Water Quality
Management Area (WQMA) of the lake basin.
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Because there seems to be no heavy industries draining into any of the
lakes, the main threats that are perceived which require policy analysis
and intervention are probably domestic wastes, aquaculture (which was
discussed in the previous section) and agricultural run-off. Wastewater
discharge permits for the seven lakes are also granted by the LLDA.
Until the conditions are obtaining for water treatment plants for general
public use, septic tanks are currently the only means by which domestic
wastewater is treated. Since it is merely primary treatment and it ceases
to fulfill its function if not desludged every 3-5 years, it needs to be
recognized that (1) sewerage systems with septic tank outflow
interceptors and wastewater treatment plants are necessities and should
be aimed for in the ten year plan and seriously pursued; and (2) in the
meantime, (a) there needs to be strict implementation of the building code
in terms of sanitation; (b) an ordinance that requires septic tanks, their
desludging every three to five years and outflow interceptors that would at
least divert wastewater from the lakes and streams. Lastly, local level
water quality efforts need to be undertaken by the sanitation officials in
order to supplement the efforts of the national government to implement
the discharge systems.
4.3.2.1.3
Solid Waste
And end-of-pipe approach to solid waste as a problem in the seven lakes
would lead a manager to conclude that it is not yet a main threat as it is
not used as a major or regular dumping ground of wastes. However,
when one looks at the beginning of the pipe, the manufacturing process
that creates goods with hardly a regulatory framework to issues of
packaging and disposal, and the consumption patterns of the population
in general, we can only conclude that cumulatively, it will be a problem in
the seven lakes in the long term, whether as a major component of run-off
or in other ways such as acid rain from burning trash. With only 20%
compliance with RA 9003, the atmosphere has been relaxed in terms of
implementation but the real payback comes when it is too late and the
necessity is to remediate instead of prevent.
As such, it is important to bear in mind that in assessing relevant policy for
the seven lakes, segregation at source, recycling and composting
programs are key and the spending of any funds for solid waste should be
directed towards these goals rather than other end of pipe, such as the
mechanical or technical fixes being offered to local chief executives and
councils nationwide.
A water regime that focuses on domestic sewage rather than LLDA’s
focus on industries over which it already has a high level of competence,
needs to be developed and implementers identified, capacities improved.
Solid waste solutions must leapfrog to source management and end of
pipe management especially for the seven lakes should be minimal.
As to aquaculture, policies that are crafted out of both scientific research
results negotiated with stakeholders have to take precedence over legal
considerations, bearing in mind that newer resolutions can only be stricter
instead of lighter than national laws.
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The future for the seven lakes are a clear jurisdictional apportionment of
power and responsibility, with the local government taking on the
regulation of smaller scale industries and those environmental impact
aspects not yet dealt with by the LLDA, and approval and encouragement
of projects that would highlight the unique features of each lake.
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5.0
Management and Implementation Strategies
5.1
Sustainability Plan
5.1.1
Institutional Arrangement
5.1.1.1
Institutional Structure
The proposed institutional arrangement brings to fore the community-oriented
nature of eco-tourism participation in the development of sustainable projects.
Since, part of the activities of the management plan is to develop a Pandin
Development Cooperative, the existing institutional structure will play important
roles in the implementation of the Development and Management Plan. The three
main players identified are the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), the
City Government of San Pablo and the Pandin Lakewide Fishery and Aquatic
Resources Management Council (FARMC).
The LLDA being the initiator/convenor of the planning process leading to the
formulation of DMP is the overall overseer during plan implementation; the City
Government of San Pablo is the recipient of the Plan and the Pandin Lakewide
FARMC consisting of women’s group, barangay council, and fisherman as the
designated implementer of the DMP. Since much of the tasks and responsibilities
are in the shoulder of the Pandin Lakewide FARMC, the institutional structure
further provides the creation of specific committees under the Lakewide FARMC.
The committees are created based on the identified goals, objectivives and
activities of the DMP. The committees identified are Sustainable Ecotourism,
Health and Environment, Resource Generation, Training and Capacity Building
and Peace and Order. The three-tiered institutional structure is presented below:
Figure 5.1 Organizational structure of the Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism
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Through the committees, there will be clear delineation of responsibilities among
FARMC members. The Committees shall be under and will report to the
Executive Committee composed of the imcumbent officers of Pandin Lakewide
FARMC. The roles of each institutional participant are defined below:
5.1.1.1.1
Roles of Institutional Participants
5.1.1.1.1.1
-
LLDA
Vested with management rights over the Pandin Sustainale
Ecotourism (PSE)
Shall perform its basic mandates within the PSE to include, but
not limited to, the following:
a. Exercise overall regulatory control over PSE and enforce
the same
b. Coordinate development, operation and management
matters among the various partners
c. Provide advice on development planning and management
d. Assist in the generation of capital funds
e. Assist in developing marketing, business and capacity
building networks
f. Exercise water rights
g. Regular water quality monitoring
h. Conduct annual lake seeding
i. Monitor the implementation of programs, projects, and
activities stipulated in the DMP
5.1.1.1.1.2
-
City Government of San Pablo
Vested with co-management rights over the Pandin Sustainale
Ecotourism (PSE)
Shall perform its basic mandates within the PSE to include, but
not limited to the following:
a. Exercise overall regulatory control over PSE and enforce
the same
b. Coordinate development, operation and management
matters among the various partners
c. Provide advice on development planning and management
d. Provision of capital funds for the ecotourism projects
e. Assist in developing marketing, business and capacity
building networks
f. Monitor the implementation of programs, projects, and
activities stipulated in the DMP
5.1.1.1.1.3
Pandin Lakewide FARMC
a. Implement project and activities prescribed in DMP for
Lake Pandin
b. Implement policies promulgated by the LLDA, City of San
Pablo LGUs and Sto. Angel
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c. Recommend actions and policies for consideration of LLDA
d. Generate funds for the development and operation of the
PSE
e. May opt to engage sub-developers subject to the
concurrence of the LLDA and City of San Pablo
f. Sponsor training activities to enhance the memberresidents’ employment and business opportunities in the
PSE
To delineate tasks and responsibilities among members of the
Lakewide FARMC, the following are the functions/roles of the
committees formed based on the set objectives and activities of
the DMP:
o
Ecotourism Committee- shall be responsible in the
implementation of ecotourism programs, projects, and
activities stipulated in the Pandin Lake DMP
o
Health and Environment Committee- shall take the lead in
implementing programs, projects, and activities for the
conservation, protection, and restoration Pandin of Lake and
its watershed
o
Resource Generation Committee- shall be responsible for
fund raising and providing logistical support for all the activities
of Pandin Lake DMP
o
Capacity Building Committee- shall identify training needs
and provide capacity building activities for the stakeholders
involve in the implementation of Pandin Lake DMP
o
Peace and Order Committee- shall be in charge of ensuring
the safety of visitors/tourists and implementing local
ordinances supportive to the goals and objectives of Pandin
Lake DMP.
5.1.1.1.1.4
Barangay Sto. Angel LGU
a. Enact and implement supportive policies, legislation,
programs and projects
b. Assist in providing security and maintenance to the PSE
c. Mobilize community support
d. Create a barangay tourism council and harmonize its
respective tourism plan with that of the PSE
e. Implement a Barangay Solid Waste Management Plan
f. Monitor the implementation of programs, projects and
activities of Pandin Lake DMP
5.1.1.1.1.5
Other Support Institutions
The support of other institutions may likewise be tapped. Among
others, these include the TIEZA-DOT, Private Sectors and BFAR
who have longstanding participation in the PSE.
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Table 5.1 Roles of other Support Institutions
Other Support Institution Institutional Role
Department of TourismEnact and implement supportive policies,
Tourism Infrastructure and programs and projects
Economic Zone Authority Provide technicall and marketing support
(DOT-TIEZA)
Facilitate and/or assist in the sourcing of funds
Private Sector
Ensure that grassroots concerns are elevated to
(represented by Pandinthe Execom
based NGO, Church
Assist in the dissemination of policies according
Organization, Business
to sectoral representation
Sector and Civic
Assist in sourcing technical assistance and
Organization
development funds
Bureau of Fisheries and
Regular seeding to enhance the lake’s
Aquatic Resources
productivity
(BFAR)
Governor’s Office
May provide and/or assist in the sourcing of
funds
Monitor and evaluate policy implementation
5.1.1.1.1.6
Possible Roles of the Pandin Development
Cooperative
This section provides the possible roles and responsibilities of the
soon to be created Pandin Development Cooperative. In the
interest of the activities set in the DMP, the Pandin Lakewide
FARMC will assume and act as the interim organization that will
implement the initial activities, projects and programs reflected in
the Development and Management Plan. As soon as the Pandin
Development Cooperative is organized, the following are the
recommended roles:
-
To be created solely to manage and operate developments
and activities in the PSE
Implement policies promulgated by the LLDA, and City
Government of San Pablo
Recommend actions and policies for consideration of the
Executive Committee for approval of LLDA and City
Government of San Pablo
Generate funds for the development and operation of the PSE
May opt to engage sub-developers subject to the concurrence
of the LLDA
Sponsor training activities to enhance the member – residents’
employment and business opportunities in the PSE
Shall have its own Board of Directors composed of the
following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
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Representative from Barangay Sto. Angel LGU
Representative from Pandin FARMC
Sto. Angel-based NGO Representative
Sto. Angel-based Church Representative
Sto. Angel-based Women’s Sector Representative
Sto. Angel-based Business Sector Representative
Sto. Angel based Civic Organization Representative
-
Shall have full-time staff under the following offices:
a. General
Manager
(day-to-day
management
and
operations)
b. Accounting and Finance (bookkeeping and financial
planning)
c. Human Resource Development (personnel development)
d. Community Development (liaison with host barangays;
social marketing))
e. Marketing and Promotions (business marketing)
f. Technical Services (grounds and facilities planning and
maintenance)
g. General Services (general equipment and office
requirements)
-
5.1.1.2
The Board of Directors, officers and staff as well as general
members of the PSE Development Cooperative shall be
residents of Barangay Sto. Angel for five consecutive years
prior to his/ her appointment as certified by the Barangay
Chairperson.
Distribution of Fund and Revenue Sharing
This section discusses the recommendations relative to the distribution of net
income and sharing scheme among key stakeholders. The recommended
allocation and distribution of the net income of the Pandin Sustainablle
Ecotoursim at the end of each fiscal year shall be as follows:
Key Stakeholder/Institution
LLDA
Barangay Sto. Angel
Percentage Share (%)
5%
10%
10%
75%
The 75% share of Pandin Lakewide FARMC may be allocated to the following:
a) Lake Conservation Fund shall finance various environmental and
conservation projects that will sustainably maintain the lake resources for its
environmental functions;
b) Reserve Fund shall be set aside to be used for stability of the organization
and to meet net losses in its operations;
c) Educational and Training Fund may be spent for education training and
other purposes;
d) Optional Fund will be set aside for land and building fund, community
development, etc.
Stakeholders sharing will solely come from the income generated from the
ecotourism projects and activities. Other funds that may be generated such as
donations, grants and gifts shall be allotted to specific projects and activities that
donors chose to finance according to their preference and advocacy. Accordingly,
a resolution shall be passed by the City Government of San Pablo approving the
sharing scheme agreement.
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The Pandin Lakewide FARMC or the soon to be created Pandin Development
Cooperative shall establish its own independent accounting records. This is to
ensure that revenues accruing from the business are properly utilized for the
operation and maintenance of the project. All expenses charged against the
business shall be recorded and accounted for in an appropriate book of accounts,
which shall be maintained by the accounting unit.
The revenues obtained by FARMC, Barangay Sto. Angel and City of San Pablo
shall be used for the purpose of implementing livelihood, infrastructure and/ or
environmental development projects within Pandin that are aligned with the
intents of the Development and Management Plan.
The allocation and
disposition of these funds shall be monitored by the City Government of San
Pablo or the Board of Directors of the proposed Pandin Development
Cooperative.
5.1.2
5.1.2.1
Institutional Strengthening
Capacity Building
5.1.2.1.1
Front-line Organizations
The capacity of front-line organizations to effectively handle the
development, management and operations of the PSE shall be given
premiere attention. Focus shall be given to officers of the San Pablo
Toursism Office, Barangay LGUs, and Pandin Lakewide FARMC.
5.1.2.1.1.1
Business and Project Management Training
This will mainly target officers of the Pandin Lakewide FARMC.
The topics will include general office management, accounting and
bookkeeping, human resource development, marketing and
promotions, site and facilities management, construction
management and project monitoring and evaluation. Possible
training providers include the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority and Technology and Livelihood Resource
Center.
5.1.2.1.1.2
Lakbay Aral
Targeting key officers of the San Pablo Toursim Office, Barangay
LGUs and FARMC, Lakbay Aral is geared to increase awareness
of practices done elsewhere. This will develop knowledge on how
to properly develop and operate, as well as learn the pitfalls of,
ecotourism sites.
Recommended destinations are Cavinti,
Pagsanjan, Tanay, Palawan, Bohol, Camiguin and other similar
sites. This activity could be dovetailed into the LGUs’ regular
Lakbay Aral programs.
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5.1.2.1.1.3
Seminars on Peace and Order and
Environmental Laws
These will likewise target the key officers of the San Pablo
Tourism Office, Barangay LGUs and FARMC. The seminars shall
be geared to develop knowledge on how peace and order in the
PSE can be maintained as well as increase awareness on
prevailing related environmental laws. Participants can thus be
better equipped in addressing potential problems that may arise
with the increased influx of tourists into the PSE. Resource
persons to conduct these seminars may be invited from the DENR,
DA, DOT and PNP.
5.1.2.1.2
Individuals and Entrepreneurs
Capacity building activities targeting member - residents who seek
employment and business opportunities shall be facilitated by the
Lakewide FAMRC or the Development Cooperative. Sponsors to shoulder
funds may be solicited, such as from the municipal LGUs.
5.1.2.1.2.1
Employment Skills Training and Improvement
The skills of the residents have to be improved in order for them to
adequately gain opportunities for employment in the PSE. Some
of the skills that need to be developed are the following:
5.1.2.1.2.1.1
Tourism Frontline Service
This is geared to improve skills needed for the front desk
(reception), and transportation (boatmen/women). The
DOT conducts this training which is usually a one-week
affair involving lectures and practical applications.
5.1.2.1.2.1.2 Homestay Training
Since accommodation facilities will not be provided in the
PSE, there may be a market for more curious tourists who
may want to experience living with the community. Local
homeowners who desire to make extra rooms in their
houses available to tourists can avail of this training. This
type of training is also provided by the DOT.
5.1.2.1.2.1.3 Tour Guiding Training
The DOT also conducts a national tour guiding training that
normally last for one month. Residents can also avail of
the DOT’s one-week local tour guiding training.
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5.1.2.1.2.1.4 Naturalist Guiding
Naturalist guiding training is geared to develop deeper
knowledge on the area and its attractions. The objective is
to create a pool of knowledgeable guides who can provide
and educate tourists on, for example, the lake’s ecosystem,
history of the area and behavior of the bee eaters.
Resource persons from the academe and the barangay
itself may be engaged for this purpose.
5.1.2.1.2.2
Entrepreneurial Training and Improvement
5.1.2.1.2.2.1
Management Training Seminars
Barangay entrepreneurs who would like to engage in PSErelated businesses such as putting up souvenir shops,
lodging houses, restaurants, vehicle rental and other
businesses shall be the targets of these seminars. The
TESDA and TLRC can be tapped to handle these
seminars.
5.1.3
5.1.3.1
Social Marketing Plan
Information and Education Campaign
Ecotourism is also oriented towards increasing the education and information
values of visitors and the local community. Thus, the social marketing
component of the DMP is geared to make visitors not only appreciate the PSE’s
recreational value but to make them aware of the value of protecting the lake and
their role in protecting the ecosystem. On the other hand, community members
shall be made aware of the value of ecotourism as a non-extractive means of
livelihood.
The DMP thus includes the implementation of an IEC campaign to heighten
consciousness on ecotourism through the following means:
5.1.3.1.1
Publication of IEC materials for visitors
IEC materials shall be published to serve as guides to visitors in
appreciating the biological diversity of the PSE. These shall be made
easily available to visitors and shall feature examples of the geo-physical
attributes of and the floral and faunal species found in the PSE.
5.1.3.1.2
Development of Visitor Code of Ethics
A Visitor Code of Ethics shall be developed and posted at strategic
locations in the barangay and the PSE. This code shall provide visitors
with information on how to properly conduct themselves in order to
prevent adverse environmental impacts as well as to maintain the
environmental quality of the PSE for the enjoyment of all users.
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5.1.3.1.3
Schools-based IEC and student participation
Students shall also be made part of the IEC campaign, the youth being
the future stewards of the PSE. School-based activities shall be initiated
such as poster-making and essay-writing contests with the PSE as theme.
The target schools are primarily those based in Bgy. Sto. Angel and
secondarily, the neighboring barangays.
More pro-active forms of student participation may also be employed.
Students may be made active protectors of the PSE through activities
such as “Adopt a Tree” program. Interested students may also be trained
in the PSE in identifying and appreciating the various features of the PSE
thus enabling them to serve as junior tourist guides. A special event may
be held once or twice a year where families may be invited to PSE with
students serving as tourist guides.
5.1.3.2
General Social Awareness Campaign
Aside from focused IEC campaigns, a program to create widespread awareness
in the barangays shall also be launched. This will prepare the community at large
for the possible negative effects of more intense tourist arrivals. This program will
include the following:
5.1.3.2.1
Ecotourism Awareness Seminar
This is geared to provide participants with the dynamics of ecotourism to
include its social and ecological aspects. Potential positive (increased
employment) and negative (drugs, prostitution) impacts shall be
highlighted to better prepare community members for the expected influx
of tourists into the area.
5.1.3.2.2
Seminars on Peace and Order and Environmental Laws
The seminars on peace and order and environmental laws may also be
extended to the community. This will make them aware of the rationale
behind why certain regulations are being implemented and also put them
in a position where they can knowledgeably participate in safeguarding
community interests and values.
5.1.4
Business Marketing Plan
The marketing objectives are: (1) to ensure the implementation of pro-active
initiatives that are geared to draw-in tourists; and (2) to ensure that the PSE will
be holistically marketed in order to attain maximum exposure and interest. The
marketing plan for the PSE shall be anchored on the classic strategic elements of
marketing: product, place, price and promotion.
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5.1.4.1
Market Positioning Strategy
In line with the stakeholders’ vision, the PSE shall be positioned as one of the
major eco-tourism centers of Laguna. Marketing initiatives shall revolve on
creating a “brand” for PSE oriented towards the following:




Unique tranquility, serenity, peace and quiet of Pandin Lake;
Bird-watching center of Laguna;
Living laboratory of successful community-based lake conservation and
management efforts; and
A place of diverse eco-tourism activities.
5.1.4.2
Marketing Mix
5.1.4.2.1
Product Strategy
Marketing efforts shall focus towards promoting the PSE’s following
products:









Birdwatching
Hiking
Lakeside Dining
Dining on the Lake
Picnicking
Camping
Hiking
Environmental Appreciation Tours
Hilot Therapy
The above products shall be supplemented by ensuring the convenience
of tourists in terms of, among others, accessing the PSE (facility in
reaching coordinators as well as appropriate directional signages), trained
tourist guides (educated on the details of the PSE as well as on its various
product offerings), warm community reception (tourists being entitled to
welcome drinks) and diligent facility maintenance and environmental
management (adequate trash receptacles and other features).
What is also essential to complete PSE’s packaging is the maintenance of
cleanliness and peace and order in Barangay Sto. Angel.
5.1.4.2.2
Pricing Strategy
The PSE’s pricing strategy shall be anchored on a break-even point
analysis which will then be compared with fees charged in nearby ecotourism sites. Pricing shall essentially be competitive and shall entail a
lower cost – high volume approach. The objective is to attract and sustain
a significant client base.
5.1.4.2.3
Promotion Strategy
The PSE shall be promoted through a multi-pronged approach. These
include:
77 | P a g e







5.2
Inclusion in the websites of Laguna Province, San Pablo LGU;
Print media exposure (initially highlight the recent successes of
community efforts in the conservation and management of PSE and
publish a comic book which telltales the Legend of Pandin Lake);
Printing and distribution of brochures at strategic locations in San
Pablo;
Publication of books or booklets showcasing the Birds of Pandin Lake;
Public relations campaign through speaking engagements (local and
international fora) of LLDA, Barangay LGU and FARMC personages
regarding the successes in and plans for PSE
Regularly holding special events (with media coverage) such as fluvial
parade during the barangay fiesta, ADOPT A TREE – PLANT A
TREE, etc.; and
Participation in the DOT’s tourism promotion fairs (locally and
internationally).
Implementation Action Plan
Sustaining the DMP’s implementation entails three aspects which are discussed
as follows:
5.2.1
5.2.1.1
Institutional Sustainability
Creation of the Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism (PSE)
Development Cooperative as the formal organization to
manage the Ecotourism site
The PSE Development Cooperative shall be created and registered with the
Cooperative Development Authority solely for the purpose of developing,
managing and operating the PSE. In spirit a community-based organization, the
PSE Development Cooperative’s creation shall give focus to the implementation
of the DMP. It shall have a full-time professional staff complement with a high
degree of accountability. The CDA’s registration requirements are shown in
Annex.
5.2.1.2
Clearing of encroachments on the 20-meter lakeshore
easement
The LLDA shall survey the 20-meter lakeshore easement and finalize the
inventory of encroaching properties. It shall subsequently initiate legal action to
cause the removal of the illegal structures on the said easement.
5.2.1.3
Institutional Strengthening
As the officers of Pandin Lakewide FARMC and members of the Pandin
Development Cooperative are expected to come from the host barangay,
sustained capacity building programs are thus essential given the complexity of
the task at hand.
Strengthening Sto. Angel LGU and Pandin FARMC, through ecotourism-related
capacity building activities, is also important in sustaining DMP implementation
78 | P a g e
since these institutions are major ground-level partners of the Pandin
Development Cooperative.
5.2.1.4.1
Mainstreaming of DMP provisions into government regulatory
processes
5.2.1.3.1
Integration into the Barangay Clearance Process
Sto. Angel LGU shall pass a resolution specifying that project proponents
in PSE and on properties rimming Pandin Lake should conform with the
applicable provisions of the DMP. The resolutions shall further provide
that such conformance shall be made a requirement before the granting of
Barangay Clearances.
5.2.1.3.2
City and Municipal Level
The LLDA shall make representations with San Pablo LGU to have the
relevant provisions of the DMP integrated into it Zoning Ordinance. This
will ensure that Locational Clearances that will be granted developments
within PSE and on properties rimming shall conform to the stipulations of
the DMP.
The LLDA shall further recommend to San Pablo LGU that the support
infrastructure requirements (barangay road lighting) be included in the
Local Development Investment Program and Annual Investment Plans.
5.2.1.3.3
LLDA Level
Project proponents in PSE and on properties rimming Pandin Lake should
likewise exhibit conformance to the applicable provisions of the DMP as
part of the requirements of the Environmental Impact Assessment System
(EIAS).
5.2.1.3.4
Harnessing community support
The support of the community is essential in sustaining developments
within the PSE. The implementation of the community-oriented capacity
building program and social marketing plan components of the DMP is
essential to this.
5.2.2
Resource Sustainability
Resource sustainability can be ensured by observing the carrying
capacities of the different features and activities in the lake area.
Examples of basic strategies to ensure that the PSE is not degraded with
relatively more intense use over time is presented below:

79 | P a g e
Careful development of facilities, trails and other structures must be
done in order to prevent unnecessary erosion of soil materials. Tree
planting (i.e. bamboo) and riprapping, when required, of the lake’s
shoreline must also be done in order to prevent siltation.
5.2.3

A visitor management system should be implemented to help control
visitor numbers, movement and behavior in the area. This could be
achieved, for instance, by ensuring that a trail would make a
continuous loop around the lake. Other facilities must also have
enough space between the structures to prevent people from
bunching up in a single site.

Appropriate signages must be established in the area to continuously
remind the people of the environmental sensitivity and appropriate
behavior of the visitors.

Site cleanliness must continuously be done in order to maintain the
environmental quality of the lake and its surroundings. Dedicated
personnel should be appointed to maintain the site.
Economic Sustainability
Monetary costs will be involved in the development of the lake. Thus, the
economic viability of ecotourism in the PSE must be put in place to ensure the
sustainability of ecotourism as the major resource utilization in the site.
Operations and maintenance expenses will also have to be addressed.

Pandin Lakewide FARMC/Pandin Development Cooperative – controlled and
maintained control (entrance) point.
All visitors must be required to pay a corresponding amount in order to visit the
lake and enjoy its facilities and attractions.

Rental for boats and other equipment
Appropriate rental fees can provide added revenue for the site.

Rental of facilities for events
A single event such as a
wedding can provide significant income for the maintenance of the area.

Concessionaire’s Fee and commission
Private concessionaires and caterers should be made to pay for conducting
business in the area.

Windows for grants and assistance
Pandin Lake is a highly significant environmental feature that could also attract
commitments for different forms of grants or assistance from various
organizations.
80 | P a g e
5.3
Funding Mechanisms
5.3.1
Financial Assistance
The LLDA, City Government of San Pablo, Pandin Lakewide FARMC/Pandin
Development Cooperative shall explore avenues by which financial assistance
could be obtained. Depending of course on the priorities and directions of
financial institutions, grants or loans may be obtained to be used either for
operation, capital investment, or environmental protection purposes. Some of the
possible sources of grants are:




Philippine Government Agencies (TIEZA, San Pablo LGU, etc.)
Multi-lateral funding institutions (World Bank (WB), Asian Development
Bank (ADB), etc.)
Bi-lateral funding institutions (DANIDA, UNDP, etc.)
NGOs and Foundations [Global Nature Fund (GNF), International Lake
Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC), etc.]
Loans would, of course, be available from commercial banks and other lending
institutions.
Other institutions and individuals identified by the Pandin Lakewide FARMC who
supported some of the environmental and operational activities of the Pandin lake
are:











81 | P a g e
LLDA
BFAR
Sangguniang Barangay ng Sto. Angel
San Pablo Medical Society
Rotary Club of San Pablo
Media
ATIKHA
Tanggol Kalikasan
Fundacion Santiago
Mr. Mandy Marino
5.4
Details of Work Plan and Budgetary Requirements
GOAL/OBJECTIVE/ACTIVITY
INDICATOR/
DIMENSION
YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR
TOTAL
1
2
3
4
5
DETAILED BUDGET
TOTAL
COST
REMARKS
GOAL 1: ANG BAWAT TURISTA AY NASIYAHAN SA MGA NATUTUNAN AT NARANASAN SA LAWA NG PANDIN
Objective 1: Sa loob ng 2 taon, magkaroon ng "Knowledge Center (KC)" na may sapat na pantustos para mapangalagaan at mapanatili ito at may tagapamahala na may kakayahang
mangalap ng pondo at mag-update ng mga datos
Activities
1. Identification of site for KC
establishment
1.1 Meeting among LLDA, LGU and
no. of meetings
3
3 6 pax X P100/pax X 3 meetings
1,800.00
landowners
1.2 Survey and identification of site
no. of days
3
2 6 pax X P100/pax X 3 days
1,800.00
1.3 MOA signing
2. Establishment of KC
2.1 Preparation and approval of KC
c/o CEO, LLDA
Concept and Design (DAED)
2.2 Fund sourcing for the KC
fund sourcing
1
1 est. expense = P30,000
Solicitation from donors
activity
30,000.00
2.3 Securing of necessary permits
2.4 KC Construction
P25,000/sqm X 40 sqm
1,000,000.00 use solicited fund
3. Hiring of KC Manager
no. of months
12
12
12
36 P8,000/month
288,000.00 start of engagement is on
3rd Q of the 2nd year
4. Acquisition of equipment,
furnitures and fixtures for the KC
4.1 Identification/listing of basic
equipment for KC operation
4.2 Fund sourcing thru fund raising
event/solicitation from donors
82 | P a g e
list of equipment
and fixtures
FR event
conducted and
needed fund
raised
1
1
1
30,000.00 can be in cash or in kind
4.3 Procurement of equipment,
furnitures and fixtures
procured/solicited
equipment and
fixtures
5. Operation of the KC
no. of months
1
1
180,000.00 operation will start on the
third year
Objective 2: Sa loob ng susunod na 1 taon ay may mga importanteng datos ukol sa halaman, hayop at kultura na nasa Lawa ng Pandin na makasasagot sa lahat ng mga tanong ng mga
turista at mga estudyante. Ang nasabing KC ay maglalaman ng inpormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod: a) alamat ng coconut, b) alamat ng bawat isang lawa, c) alamat ng pinya, d)
pag-awit ng may gitara, at e) cultural presentation (Satacruzan sa lawa na magiging bahagi ng gawain ng CHP)
Activities
1. Data gathering and consolidation
of researches
1.1 Coordination with different
academic institutions and agencies
with past and present studies on Lake coordination
Pandin
meeting
10
P1,000/meeting X 10 meetings
10,000.00
1.2 Consolidation of data on plants,
animals, culture and other important
information about Lake Pandin
2. Production and distribution of
pamphlets and other IEC materials
that will contain salient information
about Pandin Lake (based on
studies gathered)
2.1 Development and production of
set of IEC
1
1
1
3 tarp poster: 20 pcs X P250/pc =
75,000.00
IEC materials
materials
P5,000;
brochures/pamphlets/flyers: 1000
pcs X P20/pc = P20,000
2.2 Distribution of IEC materials to KC
visitors/guests
83 | P a g e
12
12
12
36
300,000.00 cash donation will be
used in procuring
equipment and fixtures
P5,000/mo for utilities
Objective 3: Mapag-ibayo ang magandang serbisyo at pakikitungo sa mga turista
Activities
1. Capacity Building for the
members of local organizations
(SMKMBLP, FARMC, Barangay
Council, etc.)
1.1 Training on Basic/Intermediate
2-day training
food/venue = 20 pax X P400/pax
Tour Guiding
conducted
X 2 days; supplies = P2,000;
1
1 resource speakers = P4,000
1.2. Training on Courses for Basic Life 3-day training
food/venue = 20 pax X P400/pax
Support, Water Search and Rescue,
conducted
and First Aid
1
1 speakers = P6,000
1.3. Production of IDs for tour guides
IDs produced
and other authorized personnel
30
30
30
30
30
150 30 IDs X P75/ID
2. Formulation, approval and
consultation
imposition of fees and charges
meetings
5
5 P40,000.00
3. Production and setting up of
set of signages
signages
produced and set
up
1
GOAL 2: MAPANATILI NA "CLASS C" ANG KALIDAD NG TUBIG NG LAWA
Objective 1: Sa loob ng 1 taon ay tukoy na and lahat ng pinanggalingan ng polusyon
Activities
1. Conduct of survey to identify
no. of days
5
sources of pollution in Lake Pandin
Objective 2: Sa loob ng 1 taon may mamamayang may kakayanang magsuri ng kalidad ng tubig sa pamamagitan ng simpleng pamamaraan
1. Conduct fund raising event for
FR conducted
1
1
1
1
1
Water Quality Monitoring
and needed fund
component
raised
2. Creation of Water Quality
Monitoring Team/Committee
3. Training on Water Quality
Monitoring
84 | P a g e
1 day training
1
1 P20,000.00
22,000.00
32,000.00
2,250.00
40,000.00
50,000.00
4,000.00
125,000.00
20,000.00
4. Procurement of "Community
1
1 Water analyser (DO, pH,
500,000.00 procurement using fund
Water Quality Monitoring"
equipment
temperature, conductivity,
raised
equipment
procured
turbidity) = P0.5 M
5. Regular Monthly Water Quality
12
12
12
12
48 48 months X 2 staff X P100/staff
9,600.00
Monitoring and Reporting
no. of months
GOAL 3: MATAMNAN ANG KAGUBATAN NG NAMUMULAKLAK AT NAMUMUNGANG PUNONG KAHOY AT MAGING PRIME TOURIST DESTINATION SA LAGUNA
Objective 1: Sa loob ng 5 taon ay makapagtanim sa 20 hektayang lupa (4 hektarya kada taon) ng mga sumusunod na uri ng pananim (species): timber trees (Narra, golden shower, fire
tree), fruit-bearing trees (Durian, Jackfruit, Guyabano, rambutan, lansones, macopa, Yambo, mangga, bayabas-malaki), Tabi ng lawa (bangkal at kawayan)
Activities
1. Survey to identify the 20 hectares no. of days
3
P3,000.00
3,000.00
land for reforestation
2. Consultations with landowners of
the 20 hectares land
1.1 Coordination with land owners and
stakeholders
1.2 Consultation meeting with and
no. of days
5
10,500.00
need assessment of landowners and
stakeholders
1.3 MOA signing among landowners
MOA signed
1
1
and key stakehodlers
3. Consultation with DOST and
relevant agencies to address
"cocolisap"
2.1 Coordination with DOST and
relevant agencies
2.2 Consultation Workshop
no. of days
3
18,000.00
2.3 Report on the results of workshop
2.4 IEC on "cocolisap"
3. Species-Site Suitability (SSS)
Study
85 | P a g e
3.1 Conduct of survey and SSS Study
no. of days
5
3.2 SSS Study Report and
Recommendation
4. Establishmenbt of nursery
4.1 Identification of appropriate site
4.2 Coordination/Negotiation for the
use of the site
4.3 MOA signing
4.4 Sourcing and transfer of seedlings
from various sources to nursery site
4.5. Preparation of Tree Planting Plan
5. Tree planting
5.1 Land clearing and preparation for
outplanting
5.2 Tree planting (multi-sector
participation)
report
1
1
MOA signed
seedlings sourced
out
no. of days
no. of seedlings
planted
1
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
10
10
10
10
10
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
6. Monitoring and Evaluation
1
12,500 P15,000/year
50 2 man-hour X P300/day X 10
days x 5 years
12,500 food expense: 100 pax X
P100/pax = P10,000; supplies
and materials (tarpaulin,
programs, certificates) = P5,000;
logistics/transportation =P10,000
18 P2,000/quarter X 18 times
2,000.00
75,000.00
30,000.00
125,000.00
12,500 seedlings to be
planted in 5 years with
allowance for 20%
mortality; 25
seedlings/pax
no. of times/
2
4
4
4
4
36,000.00
years
GOAL 4: TUMAAS ANG KITA MULA SA EKOTURISMO AT TUMAAS ANG ANTAS NG PAMUMUHAY NG BAWAT MIYEMBRO NG SAMAHAN AT NG KANILANG PAMILYA
Objective 1: Magdagdag ng mga mapaglilibangan tulad ng paggawa ng ecopark (hal. Butterfly Farm, eco-trail)
Activities
1. Identification of fishcage zones
as fishing area for tourists including
transfer
2. Coordination meetings with
landowners for the beautification of
parking area and path towards
Pandin Lake
86 | P a g e
no of days
6
6 P8,000.00
8,000.00 c/o LLDA with FARMC
and LGUs/NGAs
will be funded thru fund
raising activities
2.1 Coordination/Meeting with
landowners
2.2 MOA signing
3. Establishment and maintenance
of support handrailings (bamboo)
and trails (sandbags) from Pandin
Lake to Yambo Lake
4. Establishment of Butterfly Garden
and Eco-trail
5. Survey and set up system and
resources for horseback riding
5.1 Inventory of individuals wilth
horse/s in the area
5.2 Meeting with horse owners
5.3 Accreditation of horse owners to
operate in Lake Pandin
no. of meetings
P10,000
maintenance
activity
1
1
garden and ecotrail established
1
1
no of days
5
1
no. of meetings
5
horse back riding
1
system
established
Objective 2: Magdagdag ng mga uri ng produkto (novelty items) na puedeng ipagbenta
Activities
1. Establishment of shops/kiosks
for native products, indigenous
ornamental plants, local food in
green packaging
1.1 Identification of products to be
products
10
added/included (herbs,
identified
cultured/indigenous ornamental plants,
food/fruits, souvenir items, native
delicacies, etc.)
1.2 Construction of kiosks
no. of kiosk
10
constructed
87 | P a g e
1
1
5 P10,000/year X 5 years
2 butterfly garden = P50,000;
ecotrail = P150,000
10,000.00
50,000.00 will be funded thru fund
raising activities
200,000.00 will be funded thru fund
raising activities
5 P5,000.00
5,000.00
5 P5,000.00
1 P5,000.00
5,000.00
5,000.00
10
10 P5,000/kiosks X 10 kiosks
50,000.00
1.3 Renting out of kiosks to small
enterpreneurs
source of additional
income for the
organization and
livelihood for small
enterpreneurs
Objective 3: Maipalaganap ang ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin
Activities
1. Production and distribution of
no. of brochures
IEC materials to promote
ecotourism in Pandin Lake
2. Conduct of Promotional Events
no. of events
1
3. Coordination with DILG for
no. of meetings
"Salintubig" Project
4. Conduct study on viability of
study conducted
natural springs as additional source
of potable water
Objective 4: Dagdagan ang kaalaman ng mga samahan
Activities
1. Leadership and GAD Training
2-day training
5
2. Training on Food Safety, Proper
Food Handling, and Food
Preparation
2-day training
1
3. Organize existing organization in
Pandin Lake into a cooperative
4. Basic Fund Raising Course
Training
no. of meetings
88 | P a g e
2-day training
500
10
1
1,000
1,000
3,500 P25/brochure
P50,000/event
5 P1,000/meeting X 5 meetings
1
1
1,000
1
112,500.00
50,000.00 Exposure to TV, radio,
newspaper, cable, or
internet blogs
5,000.00 LGU and SPCWD
100,000.00 LGU and SPCWD
1 food/venue = 10 pax X P400/pax
speakers = P6,000; logistics =
P6,000
P6,000
10 30 pax X P100 X 10 meetings
25,000.00
25,000.00
25,000.00
30,000.00
P6,000
GOAL 5: MAPANATILI ANG KAAYUSAN AT KATIWASAYAN SA LAWA
Objective 1: Sa loob ng 2 taon, makabuo, makapagpasa, at makapagpatupad ng ordinansa/batas/polisiya na tutugon sa dumi ng lahat ng uri ng hayop, basura, kapayapaan at kaayusan
at kaligtasan ng lokal na mamamayan at ng mga turista
Activities
1. Creation of Multi-Sectoral and
no. of meetings
2
10 pax X P100 X 2 meetings
2,000.00
Multi-Agency Task Force for Pandin
Lake (TFPL)
2. Public consultations for the
consultation
4
2
18,000.00
formulation of various barangay
ordinances
3. Regular meetings of TFPL
no. of meetings
12
12
12
12
12
60,000.00
4. IEC on various local policies,
set of IEC
1
1 tarp poster: P500/pc X 3 pcs =
21,500.00
rules and regulations promulgated
materials
P1,500; brochures/pamphlets:
for plan implementation
1000 pcs X P20/pc = P20,000
5. Trainings for TFPL
2-day training
1
25,000.00
P6,000
GOAL 6: MAPANATILI, MAIPASA/MAISALIN, MAIPALAGANAP AT MAIPAGMALAKI ANG KULTURA AT TRADISYONG “SAN PABLEŇO
Objective 1: Sa loob ng 2 taon, makapagtatag ng isang “Cultural Heritage Center (CHC)” kung saan mapapangalagaan ang yamang kultura, kasaysayan, at tradisyon ng mga San
Pableño na maaring maipamahagi at maisalin sa mga susunod na henerasyon. Ang nasabing CHC ay maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod: a) Alamat ng
coconut, b) Alamat ng bawat isang lawa, c) Alamat ng Pinya, 4) Pag-awit ng may gitara, at 5) Cultural presentation
Activities
1. Formulation of a Cultural Heritage CHP formulated
1
1 cost of meeting, consultations,
150,000.00
Program (CHP)
honorarium for resource person/s
2. Implementation of CHP (which
set of IEC
1
1 production and distribution of IEC
150,000.00
will include production and
materials
materials
distribution of IEC materials related produced and
to CHP)
distributed
89 | P a g e
Budget Summary of 5-Year Work and Financial Plan for Lake Pandin
GOAL/OBJECTIVE/ACTIVITY
YEAR 1
YEAR 2
YEAR 3
YEAR 4
YEAR 5
TOTAL
GOAL 1: ANG BAWAT TURISTA AY NASIYAHAN SA MGA NATUTUNAN AT NARANASAN SA LAWA NG PANDIN
Objective 1: Sa loob ng 2 taon, magkaroon ng "Knowledge Center (KC)" na may sapat na pantustos para mapangalagaan at mapanatili ito at may tagapamahala na may
kakayahang mangalap ng pondo at mag-update ng mga datos
Activities
1. Identification of site
Meeting among LLDA, LGU and landowners
Survey and identification of site
2. KC establishment
Fund Sourcing for the KC
KC establishment
Hiring of KC Manager
1,800.00
1,800.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,800.00
1,800.00
30,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,000,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
96,000.00
0.00
0.00
96,000.00
0.00
0.00
96,000.00
30,000.00
1,000,000.00
288,000.00
3. Acquisition of equipment
Fund Sourcing for the acquisition of equipment and
fixtures for the KC
0.00
30,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
30,000.00
Procurement of equipment and fixtures
0.00
300,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
300,000.00
4. Operation of the KC
0.00
0.00
60,000.00
60,000.00
60,000.00
180,000.00
33,600.00
1,330,000.00
156,000.00
156,000.00
156,000.00
1,831,600.00
Sub-total for Objective 1
90 | P a g e
Objective 2: Sa loob ng susunod na 1 taon ay may mga importanteng datos ukol sa halaman, hayop at kultura na nasa Lawa ng Pandin na makasasagot sa lahat ng mga
tanong ng mga turista at mga estudyante. Ang nasabing KC ay maglalaman ng inpormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod: a) alamat ng coconut, b) alamat ng bawat isang lawa,
c) alamat ng pinya, d) pag-awit ng may gitara, at e) cultural presentation (Satacruzan sa lawa na magiging bahagi ng gawain ng CHP)
Activities
1. Gathering of data and consolifdationof
researches on Pandin Lake
2. Development and production of IEC materials
3. Capacity Building
Training on Basic and Intermediate Tour Guiding
Training on Courses for Basic Life Support, Water
Search and Rescue, and First Aid
Production of IDs for tour guides and other
authorized personnel
4. Formulation, approval and imposition of fees
and charges
5. Production and setting up of signages
0.00
0.00
10,000.00
0.00
0.00
10,000.00
0.00
0.00
25,000.00
25,000.00
25,000.00
75,000.00
22,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
22,000.00
32,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
32,000.00
2,250.00
40,000.00
2,250.00
0.00
2,250.00
0.00
2,250.00
0.00
2,250.00
11,250.00
40,000.00
50,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
50,000.00
146,250.00
2,250.00
37,250.00
27,250.00
27,250.00
240,250.00
183,250.00
2,071,850.00
0.00
0.00
4,000.00
4,000.00
Total for Goal 1
179,850.00
1,332,250.00
193,250.00
183,250.00
GOAL 2: MAPANATILI NA "CLASS C" ANG KALIDAD NG TUBIG NG LAWA
Objective 1: Sa loob ng 1 taon ay tukoy na and lahat ng pinanggalingan ng polusyon
1. Conduct of survey to identify sources of
pollution in Lake Pandin
4,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Objective 2: Sa loob ng 1 taon may mamamayang may kakayanang magsuri ng kalidad ng tubig sa pamamagitan ng simpleng pamamaraan
1. Conduct fund raising event/s for Water Quality
Monitoring (WQM) component
2. Training on WQM
3. Procurement of WQM equipment
91 | P a g e
25,000.00
25,000.00
25,000.00
25,000.00
25,000.00
125,000.00
20,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
20,000.00
500,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
500,000.00
4. Monthly WQM
0.00
2,400.00
2,400.00
2,400.00
2,400.00
545,000.00
27,400.00
27,400.00
27,400.00
27,400.00
Total for Goal 2
549,000.00
27,400.00
27,400.00
27,400.00
27,400.00
GOAL 3: MATAMNAN ANG KAGUBATAN NG NAMUMULAKLAK AT NAMUMUNGANG PUNONG KAHOY AT MAGING PRIME TOURIST DESTINATION SA LAGUNA
9,600.00
654,600.00
658,600.00
Objective 1: Sa loob ng 5 taon ay makapagtanim sa 20 hektayang lupa (4 hektarya kada taon) ng mga sumusunod na uri ng pananim (species): timber trees (Narra, golden
shower, fire tree), fruit-bearing trees (Durian, Jackfruit, Guyabano, rambutan, lansones, macopa, Yambo, mangga, bayabas-malaki), Tabi ng lawa (bangkal at kawayan)
1. Site survey and identification 20 hectares land
3,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3,000.00
for reforestation
2. Consultation with landowners for reforestation
10,500.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10,500.00
3. Consultation on "cocolisap"
18,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
18,000.00
4. Establishment of nursery
15,000.00
15,000.00
15,000.00
15,000.00
15,000.00
75,000.00
5. Tree Planting
31,000.00
31,000.00
31,000.00
31,000.00
31,000.00
155,000.00
6. Monitoring and Evaluation
4,000.00
8,000.00
8,000.00
8,000.00
8,000.00
36,000.00
81,500.00
54,000.00
54,000.00
54,000.00
54,000.00
297,500.00
Total for Goal 3
81,500.00
54,000.00
54,000.00
54,000.00
54,000.00
297,500.00
GOAL 4: TUMAAS ANG KITA MULA SA EKOTURISMO AT TUMAAS ANG ANTAS NG PAMUMUHAY NG BAWAT MIYEMBRO NG SAMAHAN AT NG KANILANG PAMILYA
Objective 1: Magdagdag ng mga mapaglilibangan tulad ng paggawa ng ecopark (hal. Butterfly Farm, eco-trail)
1. Identification of fishcage zones as fishing area
for tourists including transfer of cages in the
zones
2. Coordinative meetings with private
landowners for the beautification of parking area
and path towards Pandin Lake
3. Establishment and maintenance of support
handrailings (bamboo) and trails (sandbags)
from Pandin Lake to Yambo Lake
4. Establishment of Butterfly Garden and Ecotrail
92 | P a g e
8,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8,000.00
10,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10,000.00
10,000.00
10,000.00
10,000.00
10,000.00
10,000.00
50,000.00
50,000.00
150,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
200,000.00
5. Survey and set up system and resources for
horseback riding
15,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15,000.00
93,000.00
160,000.00
Objective 2: Magdagdag ng mga uri ng produkto (novelty items) na puedeng ipagbenta
1. Construction of kiosks
50,000.00
0.00
50,000.00
0.00
Objective 3: Maipalaganap ang ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin
1. Production and distribution of IEC materials to
promote ecotourism in Pandin Lake
12,500.00
25,000.00
2. Conduct of Promotional Events
50,000.00
0.00
3. Coordination with DILG for "Salintubig"
Project
5,000.00
0.00
4. Conduct study on viability of natural springs
as additional source of potable water
0.00
100,000.00
67,500.00
125,000.00
Objective 4: Dagdagan ang kaalaman ng mga samahan
1. Leadership and GAD Training
25,000.00
0.00
2. Training on Food Safety, Proper Food
Handling, and Food Preparation
25,000.00
0.00
3. Organize existing organization in Pandin Lake
into a cooperative
30,000.00
0.00
4. Basic Fund Raising Course Training
25,000.00
0.00
105,000.00
0.00
Total for Goal 4
315,500.00
285,000.00
10,000.00
10,000.00
10,000.00
283,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
50,000.00
50,000.00
25,000.00
0.00
25,000.00
0.00
25,000.00
0.00
112,500.00
50,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5,000.00
0.00
25,000.00
0.00
25,000.00
0.00
25,000.00
100,000.00
267,500.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
25,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
25,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
35,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
35,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
35,000.00
30,000.00
25,000.00
105,000.00
705,500.00
GOAL 5: MAPANATILI AND KAAYUSAN AT KATIWASAYAN SA LAWA
Objective 1: Sa loob ng 2 taon, makabuo, makapagpasa, at makapagpatupad ng ordinansa/batas/polisiya na tutugon sa dumi ng lahat ng uri ng hayop, basura, kapayapaan at
kaayusan at kaligtasan ng lokal na mamamayan at ng mga turista
1. Creation of Multi-Sectoral and Multi-Agency
Task Force for Pandin Lake (TFPL)
93 | P a g e
2,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2,000.00
2. Public consultations for the formulation of
various barangay ordinances
3. Regular meetings of TFPL
4. IEC on various local policies, rules and
regulations promulgated for plan implementation
5. Trainings for TFPL
Total for Goal 5
12,000.00
6,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
18,000.00
12,000.00
0.00
12,000.00
21,500.00
12,000.00
0.00
12,000.00
0.00
12,000.00
0.00
60,000.00
21,500.00
25,000.00
51,000.00
51,000.00
0.00
39,500.00
39,500.00
0.00
12,000.00
12,000.00
0.00
12,000.00
12,000.00
0.00
12,000.00
12,000.00
25,000.00
126,500.00
126,500.00
GOAL 6: MAPANATILI, MAIPASA/MAISALIN, MAPALAGANAP AT MAIPAGMALAKI ANG KULTURA AT TRADISYONG “SAN PABLEŇO
Objective 1: Sa loob ng 2 taon, makapagtatag ng isang “Cultural Heritage Center (CHC)” kung saan mapapangalagaan ang yamang kultura, kasaysayan, at tradisyon ng mga
San Pableño na maaring maipamahagi at maisalin sa mga susunod na henerasyon. Ang nasabing CHC ay maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod: a)
Alamat ng coconut, b) Alamat ng bawat isang lawa, c) Alamat ng Pinya, 4) Pag-awit ng may gitara, at 5) Cultural presentation
1. Formulation of a Cultural Heritage Program
150,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
150,000.00
(CHP)
2. Implementation of CHP (which will include
150,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
150,000.00
production and distribution of IEC materials
related to CHP)
300,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
300,000.00
Total for Goal 6
300,000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
300,000.00
1,426,850.00
1,738,150.00
321,650.00
311,650.00
311,650.00
4,159,950.00
TOTAL
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6.0
Monitoring and Evaluation
6.1
Monitoring Bodies
A Project Monitoring Team shall be organized to track and evaluate the gains of
the Pandin Sustainable Ecotoursim vis-à-vis the objectives of the Development
and Management Plan. The PMT shall be composed of the LLDA, San Pablo City
LGU (City Tourism Council, City Environment and Natural Resources Office, City
Planning and Development Office), the Barangay LGU thourgh Barangay
Tourism Committee and to certain extent the Provincial Government of Laguna.
Its composite functions are as follows:

The LLDA has a significant role in ensuring that the environmental functions
of the lake are not compromised. It is the overall overseer of the plan
implementation through monitoring and evaluating the DMP provisions.

The City Government of San Pablo as the recipient of the DMP is ultimately
responsible for monitoring and evaluating actual levels of accomplishment
vis-à-vis the DMP provisions.

The Pandin FARMC as the main implementing organization, shall be
responsible for submitting actual accomplishment reports to the LLDA and
City Government of San Pablo. Aside from this, appropriate tourism data
must be monitored and recorded in order to help determine the level of
success or the various recreational needs in the site. Logbooks indicating the
volume, nationality and other characteristics of the visitors must be provided
at the entrance area of the lake. Data that are generated should then be
shared to various agencies or organizations such as the LGU, and the
Barangay Tourism Committee.

The Barangay LGU will help ensure that the environmental and aesthetic
qualities of the site are maintained and that residents are given maximum
access opportunities in terms of employment and business activities.

The Barangay Tourism Committee can act as an independent party that will
help the barangay in the implementation of ecotourism programs in the area.
6.2
Monitoring and Evaluation Procedures
6.2.1
Monitoring Physical and Financial Accomplishments
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-
The PMT shall monitor and evaluate the physical accomplishment
reports to be submitted by the Pandin Lakewide FARMC. The City
Government of San Pablo shall issue certificates of completion of the
project upon turnover.
-
Monitoring shall be based on Work and Financial Plans to be
submitted by the Pandin Lakewide FARMC through regular field
inspection reports.
6.2.2
Monitoring Public Acceptability and Perception
-
6.2.3
6.3
96 | P a g e
The PMT shall monitor public acceptability and perception through
their regular interactions with barangay residents.
Issues and
complaints shall be noted and reported to the City of San Pablo
Tourism Office. Reports shall indicate whether these were acted upon
or not at their level and shall be submitted on a monthly basis.
Monitoring Revenues and Economic Impact
-
The Pandin Lakewide FARMC, through the PMT, shall make quarterly
financial reports to the City Government of San Pablo.
-
The Pandin Lakewide FARMC, through the PMT, shall likewise submit
quarterly employment reports to the City Government of San Pablo
showing the residency of those working in the Pandin Sustainable
Ecotourism.
-
The Pandin Lakewide FARMC, through the PMT, shall make monthly
reports to the City Government of San Pablo (City Toursim Office) the
number of tourists that visited the Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism.
-
The Barangay LGU, through the PMT, shall make semi-annual reports
to the City Government of San Pablo regarding the type, number,
employment level and capitalization of businesses that are related to
the Pandin Sustainable Ecotourism.
-
The Barangay LGU, through the PMT, shall make semi-annual reports
to the City Government of San Pablo regarding the number and type
of barangay clearances that have been granted.
Monitoring Environmental and Social Impacts

The Pandin Lakewide FARMC shall monitor the environmental
compliance of its concessionaires and visitors and submit quarterly
reports to the City Government of San Pablo through the PMT.

The Barangay LGU shall monitor environmental and social impacts of
the projects through regular interface with the barangay residents and
whether these have been resolved or not. Monthly reports shall be
submitted to the City Government of San Pablo through the PMT.

The Barangay LGU shall monitor crime rates and submit monthly
reports to the City Government of San Pablo through the PMT.

The LLDA will monitor the conditions contained in the ECCs granted
to developments on the Pandin Sustainable Ecotoursim through the
PMT.
6.4
Monitoring Indicators
The following indicators shall guide the monitoring and evaluation activities of the
various organizations.

Monitoring Physical and Financial Accomplishments
-

Monitoring Public Acceptability and Perception
-

Amount of revenues generated
Number and type of jobs created
Number of local residents employed and their type of employment
Number and origin of tourists served
Number, type and magnitude of supporting businesses created
Number of construction applications approved inside and outside the
Pandin Sustaibale Ecotourism
Monitoring Environmental and Social Impacts
-
97 | P a g e
Number and type of complaints received
Number and type of complaints resolved and un-resolved
Monitoring Revenues and Economic Impact
-

Percentage of completion
Number of facilities constructed
Amount used for construction
Number of days of construction
Environmental compliance report for activities in the Pandin
Sustainable Ecotourism
Number and type of complaints received
Crime rates including number and type
Compliance with ECC conditions
Number of mitigating measures installed
Cost of mitigating measures installed
7.0
REFERENCES
Barangay Sto. Angel Socio-Economic and Physical Profile, 2010
Climatological Averages (1977-1997). University of the Philippines Los Banos Station
Formulation of a Master Plan Development Plan and Feasibility Studies of Priority
Banner Ecotourism Sites and Support Structures for the Proposed Tadlac Lake Nature
Park. An Ecotourism Destination. Laguna Lake Development Authority and Urbis
Philippines Incorporated April 2008.
Laguna de Bay Watershed Environmental Action Planning for Seven Crater Lakes MicroWatershed Ecological Profile 2007. Laguna de Bay Institutional Strengthening and
Community Participation Project (LISCOP). Laguna Lake Development Authority and
Tetra Tech EM Inc.
Luna, Maria Paz. Policy Paper: Seven Crater Lakes Management. 2014
Municipality of San Pablo Socio-Economic and Physical Profile, 2010
Philippine Tourism Master Plan
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
Water Qualilty Assessment Report for Lake Pandin (2009-2013). Laguna Lake
Development Authority Environmental Laboratory and Research Division (LLDA-ELRD)
2014. 8 p.
98 | P a g e
THE STAFF OF PROJECT DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT
AND EVALUATION DIVISION
LEONOR A. POSERIO, Officer-in-Charge
ALVIN A. FARAON, Project Evaluation Officer II
MA. CAROLANE P. GONZALES, Project Evaluation Officer II
DENNIS A. TIONGSON, Project Development Officer II
NEIL V. VARCAS, Development Management Officer II
JOSE E. SALANDANAN, Development Management Officer II
ROCHELLE IVY M. REYES, Engineer II
CORNELIO O. GAMARA, Engineer II
ERWIN KIM P. MERCADO, Engineer I
AZYLEAH C. ABINO, Project Evaluation Officer I
HONEYBETH M. PAULETE, Project Evaluation Officer I
GEORGE S. VOLANTE, Engineer I
ARCHILLES R. DELA CRUZ, Clerk III
SOLEDAD A. REYES, Project Evaluation Officer III
JUDITH F. CASTILLO, Project Development Officer III
The completion of this Pandin Lake Development and Management Plan was also made
possible with the active involvement of the following LLDA staff who contributed their
valuable time and effort:
JACQUELINE N. DAVO, LO III, ED
VAL ABLAZA, Special Agent II, ED
ERIBERTA WAGAN, LO II, CPD
BERNADETTE VALLE, Engineer I, SMD
JUAN ESTOY, LO II, SMD
DIEGO REYES, LO I, SMD
ZENAIDA LAPUZ, Attorney III, LAD
JOFEL MONTE, Attorney II, LAD
MA. ANA D. SANTOS, Attorney I, LAD
BILEYNNIE ENCARNACION, Biologist II, ELRD
CRISPINA MUAN, CDO III, CDD
FLORITA MOREDO, CDO II, CDD
BRANDO ANGELES, CDO I, CDD
JEANETTE BEATRIZ, PO I
MAUREEN TOLENTINO, PRO II, PIU-OGM
MARIAM USMAN, PRO I, PIU-OGM
ROSE BONIFACIO, CDO I, ILRD
99 | P a g e
THE PDMED IN ACTION
100 | P a g e
Laguna Lake Development Authority
Project Development, Management and Evaluation Division
Visioning Session for the Formulation of Pandin Lake Development and Management Plan
27-28 March 2014
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Ms.
Mr.
Mr.
Ms.
Mr.
Ms.
Ms.
Ms.
Ms.
Ms.
NAME
Donnalyn B. Eseo
Victor Anyayahan
Edilberto Mangubat
Cristina Abrigo
Feliciano Arinda
Gina Tolentino
Lolita Sales
Marion T. Caperina
Lina M. Salian
Jamila Pancha
11. Ms. Andrea O. Teodoro
12. Dr. Lope Calanog
13. Ms. Jasmin Hizon
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Ms. Leonor Poserio
Ms. Maureen Tolentino
Ms. Mariam Usman
Engr. Bernadette Valle
Atty. Jofel Monte
Ms. Rose Bonifacio
NAME
1. Atty. Maria Paz Luna
2. Ms. Vida Gonzales
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
OFFICE
Tourism Officer III
Seven Lakes FARMC
Seven Lakes FARMC
-do-do-do
-do-doCity Government of San
Pablo
Sampalok Lakewide
FARMC
Ecosystems Research and
Development Bureau (ERDB
Sangguniang Barangay of
Sto. Anghel, San Pablo City
PDMED,LLDA
PIU,LLDA
PIU,LLDA
SMD, LLDA
LAD, LLDA
ILRD,LLDA
DESIGNATION
San Pablo City Tourism Office
Seven Lakes FARMC Chairman
Coordinator
President
Secretary
OIC
PRO-II
PRO-I
Attorney II
CDO I
RESOURCE SPEAKERS/FACILITATORS
OFFICE
DESIGNATION
Tanggol Kalikasan
Lawyer
-doProject Director
3. Ms. Zeny Bernal
-do-
Project Officer
4. Mr. Raymond Villalon
-do-
Assistant Program Officer
ANNEX D-3
Goals and Objectives for the Development and
Management of Lake Pandin
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:
Goal 1: (Eco-Tourism) Ang bawat turista ay nasiyahan sa mga natutunan at naranasan sa Lawa ng
Pandin
Objectives:
1. Sa loob ng 2 taon, mayroong “knowledge center” na may sapat na pantustos para
mapangalagaan at mapanatili ang center at may tagapamahala na may kakayahang
mangalap ng pondo at mag-update ng mga datos.
2. Sa loob ng susunod na 1 taon ay may mga importanteng datos ukol sa halaman, hayop
at kultura na nasa Lawa ng Pandin na makakasagot sa lahat ng tanong ng mga turista at
magiging destinasyon ng mga turista at mga estudyante. Ang nasabing “center” ay
maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod: a) Alamat ng coconut, b)
Alamat ng bawat isang lawa, c) Alamat ng Pinya, d) Pag-awit ng may gitara, at e)
Cultural presentation (Santacruzan sa lawa na maging bahagi ng Gawain ng CHP)
3. Mapag-ibayo ang magandang serbisyo at pakikitungo sa mga turista
Goal 2: (Water Quality) Mapanatili na Class C ang kalidad ng tubig lawa
Objectives:
1. Sa loob ng 2 taon ay tukoy na ang lahat ng pinanggagalingan ng polusyon.
2. Sa loob ng 2 taon may mamamayang may kakayanang magsuri ng kalidad ng tubig sa
pamamagitan ng simpleng pamamaraan
Goal 3: (Reforestation) Matamnan ang kagubatan ng namumulaklak at namumungang punong kahoy
at maging prime tourist destination sa Laguna
Objective:
1. Sa loob ng 5 taon ay makapagtanim sa 20 hektayang lupa (4 hektarya kada taon) ng
mga sumusunod na uri ng pananim (species): (timber trees- Narra, golden shower, fire
tree) (fruit-bearing trees- Durian, Jackfruit, Guyabano, rambutan, lansones, macopa,
Yambo, mangga, bayabas-malaki) Tabi ng lawabangkal at kawayan
Goal 4: (Livelihood) Ttumaas ang kita mula sa ekoturismo at tumaas ang antas ng pamumuhay ng ba
wat miyembro ng samahan at ng kanilang pamilya
Objectives:
1. Dagdagan ng mga mapapaglibangan tulad ng paggawa ng eco-park (hal. Butterfly
garden, eco-trail)
2. Magdagdag ng mga uri ng produkto (novelty items) na pwedeng ipagbenta
3. Maipalaganap ang ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin
4. Dagdagan ang kaalaman (training ) ng mga samahan
Goal 5: (Policy/Law Enforcement) Mapanatili ang kaayusan at katiwasayan sa lawa
Objective:
1. Sa loob ng dalawang taon, makabuo, makapagpasa, at makapagpatupad ng
ordinansa/batas/polisiya na tutugon sa dumi ng lahat ng uri ng hayop, basura,
kapayapaan at kaayusan at kaligtasan ng lokal na mamamayan at ng mga turista
Goal 6: Mapanatili, maipasa/maisalin, maipalaganap at maipagmalaki ang kultura at tradisyong “San
Pableño”
Objective:
1. Sa loob ng dalawang taon, makapagtatag ng isang “Cultural Heritage Center” kung
saan mapapangalagaan ang yamang kultura, kasaysayan, at tradisyon ng mga San
Pableño na maaring maipamahagi at maisalin sa mga susunod na henerasyon. Ang
nasabing “center” ay maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa mga sumusunod: a)
Alamat ng coconut, b) Alamat ng bawat isang lawa, c) Alamat ng Pinya, d) Pag-awit ng
may gitara, at e) Cultural presentation
ANNEX D-4
Activities Identified by the Stakeholders under the Formulated Goals and Objectives
for Lake Pandin Development and Management Plan
Group 1
GOAL 1: (TOURISM) ANG BAWAT TURISTA AY NASIYAHAN SA MGA NATUTUNAN AT
NARANASAN SA LAWA NG PANDIN
Objective #1 Sa loob ng 2 taon, mayroong “knowledge center” na may sapat na pantustos
para mapangalagaan at mapanatili ang center at may tagapamahala na may
kakayahang mangalap ng pondo at mag-update ng mga datos.
Activities:
1. Sa loob ng isang buwan, matapos maaprubahan ang planong ito, bumuo ng grupo na
maghahanap/tutukoy ng lugar kung saan itatayo ang “knowledge center” malapit sa
Pandin
2. Makipag-ugnayan/koordinasyon ang Pandin FARMC, LGU at LLDA sa may ari ng lupa
upang magkaroon ng kaukulang permiso/pahintulot na makapagtayo ng “knowledge
center” malapit sa Pandin Lake.
3. Maitayo ang ‘knowledge center’ na may supply ng kuryente (pwedeng solar), tubig, at
mga kagamitan sa loob ng dalawang (2) taon.
4. Mangalap ng pondo/suporta mula sa mga public o private source para sa pagpapatayo
ng KC at pagkalap ng mga kagamitan para sa KC (projector set, tables and chairs, sound
system, etc.)
Fund Raising activities:
a. solicitation
b. palaro – paliga, karera ng balsa
5. Sa kalagitnaan ng pagtatayo ng KC, tukuyin na ang tao sa KC na mamamahala
(volunteer muna) na papayag na libre (pero may konting allowance) muna sa loob ng 1
taon
Objective #2
Sa loob ng susunod na 1 taon ay may mga importanteng datos ukol sa halaman,
hayop at kultura na nasa Lawa ng Pandin na makakasagot sa lahat ng tanong
ng mga turista at magiging destinasyon ng mga turista at mga estudyante. Ang
nasabing “center” ay maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa mga
sumusunod: a) Alamat ng coconut, b) Alamat ng bawat isang lawa, c) Alamat ng
Pinya, d) Pag-awit ng may gitara, at e) Cultural presentation (Santacruzan sa
lawa na maging bahagi ng Gawain ng CHP)
Activities:
1. Humingi ng kopya ng mga ginawang pag-aaral mula sa mga institusyon (UPLB, LLDA,
SPC Tourism Office, NHI)
2. Maibahagi sa mga taga Pandin na “tour guides” ang mga kaalaman (datos) na nakalap
Objective #3
Activities:
Mapag-ibayo ang magandang serbisyo at pakikitungo sa mga turista
1. Isaayos at dagdagan ang mga signages (ex. billboards) sa Pandin na mag ga-guide sa
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
mga turista sa kanilang pag-stay sa Pandin
Magkaroon ng pagsasanay (training mula sa SPC Tourism Office) ang mga taga Pandin
sa basic to intermediate tour-guiding.
Magkaroon ng regular na pagsasanay at refresher courses sa Basic Life Support, Water
Search and Rescue/First Aid
Magkaroon ng uniporme at ID ang mga otorisadong personnel ng Pandin tourism.
Magtalaga ng mga araw para sa monthly meeting ng samahan, training at refresher
course ng mga tao
Within 6 months, magkaroon ng pag-uusap at pag-aayos ang may-ari ng lupa, LLDA,
LGU at barangay para sa pagsasa-ayos ng lugar para sa parking space, at regulasyon
para sa parking fee at iba pang mga sinisingil sa mga turista.
Siguruhin na may maayos na daanan ang mga turista papunta sa lawa
Group 2
GOAL: 2 (WATER QUALITY) MAPANATILI NA CLASS C ANG KALIDAD NG TUBIG LAWA
Objective #1 Sa loob ng 2 taon ay tukoy na ang lahat ng pinanggagalingan ng polusyon.
Activities:
1. Magsagawa ng isang survey para tukuyin ang mga maaaring pinanggalingan ng
polusyon ng lawa na isasagawa ng bubuoing committee: Committee Composition- LLDA,
FARMC, LGU-SB (Sto. Angel), Tourism LGU, City ENRO.
Objective #2
Sa loob ng 2 taon may mamamayang may kakayanang magsuri ng kalidad ng
tubig sa pamamagitan ng simpleng pamamaraan
Activities:
1. Magbuo ng isang committee na magmo-monitor ng kalidad ng tubig na aprubado ng
LLDA (mga simpleng monitoring parameters na pag-iisipan ng committee)
2. Magkaroon ng mga trainings, procurement ng mga simpleng testing kit para sa pagsusuri
ng tubig.
3. Magsagawa ng buwanang pagmo-monitor ng kalidad ng tubig na isusumite sa ELRD ng
LLDA
(Ang resulta ng pagsusuri ng kalidad ng dapat maibigay sa lahat ng stakeholders ng
lawa-resulta ng committee at regular na namo-monitor ng LLDA)
4. Humanap/humingi ng tulong (grants) para sa pagmo-monitor ng kalidad ng tubig
GOAL 3: (REFORESTATION) MATAMNAN ANG KAGUBATAN NG NAMUMULAKLAK AT
NAMUMUNGANG PUNONG KAHOY AT MAGING PRIME TOURIST DESTINATION SA
LAGUNA
Objective #1 Sa loob ng 5 taon ay makapagtanim sa 20 hektayang lupa (4 hektarya kada
taon) ng mga sumusunod na uri ng pananim (species): (timber trees- Narra,
golden shower, fire tree) (fruit-bearing trees- Durian, Jackfruit, Guyabano,
rambutan, lansones, macopa, Yambo, mangga, bayabas-malaki) Tabi ng lawabangkal at kawayan
Activities: (Sa Unang Taon)
1. Alamin ng survey para malaman ang tinutukoy na 20 ektaryang tataniman ng mga
namumulaklak at namumungang punong kahoy.
2. Magkaron ng pag-uusap sa mga nasasakupan ng 20 ektarya (sa mga pribadong
nagmamay-ari)
3. Magsagawa ng pagsusuri ng lupa upang malaman ang mga suited na species ng
pananim (species site suitability)
4. Magkaroon ng MOA signing sa mga pribadong lupain (detalye ng mga kasunduan ay
lalamanin ng MOA)
(Pangalawa hanggang Limang Taon)
5. Paghahanap ng mga pananim (posibleng panggalingan ng pananim – LLDA, DENR, LGUs,
NGOs
6. Pagtatatag ng mga nurseries para sa reforestation ng Pandin
7. Magkaroon ng pagpaplano ukol sa tamang pagtatanim (planting design, spacing,
species)
8. Actual na pagsasagawa ng tree planting.
9. Regular na pagmo-monitor ng mga naitanim na punongkahoy.
10. Pag-aralan kung paano ireresolba ang mga suliranin sa mga sakit ng mga puno gaya ng
“cocolisap”
Group 3
GOAL 4: LIVELIHOOD/ECOTOURISM) TUMAAS ANG KITA MULA SA EKOTURISMO AT TUMA
AS ANG ANTAS NG PAMUMUHAY NG BAWAT MIYEMBRO NG SAMAHAN AT NG
KANILANG PAMILYA
Objective #1
Dagdagan ng mga mapapaglibangan tulad ng paggawa ng eco-park (hal.
Butterfly garden, eco-trail)
Activities:
1. Pagtatalaga ng isa (o higit pa) na “fishcage” bilang lugar kung saan maaring mamingwit
ang mga turista (fishcage fishing)
2. Horseback riding mula sa parking area papunta sa Lawa ng Pandin (kalesa o paragos)
Note: Beautification of path towards Pandin Lake-more vegetation
3. Siguruhing ang Regular Maintenance ng mga bamboo raft/balsa
4. Maglagay ng hagdan mula sa Pandin to Yambo Lake
Objective # 2
Activities
Magdagdag ng mga uri ng produkto (novelty items) na pwedeng ipagbenta
1. Pagkakaroon ng isang herbal garden/healing garden na maaari ring pagkakitaan
2. Pagbebenta ng cultured/indigenous ornamental plants at native products
3. Pagtatayo ng food at fruit cart (kakanin in green packaging, walang junk foods)
Objectives #3
Activities
Maipalaganap ang ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin
1. Pamimigay ng leaflets/flyers bilang promosyon ng Eco-tourism ng Lawa ng Pandin
2. Promosyon ng Ekoturismo ng Lawa ng Pandin sa mga telebisyon, radyo at pahayagan
3. Makipag-ugnayan sa DILG para sa Proyektong “Salintubig” upang magkaroon ng malinis
na tubig inumin
4. Pag-aralan ang mga bukal bilang karagdagang pagkukunan ng inuming tubig
Objectives #4
Activities
Dagdagan ang kaalaman (training ) ng mga samahan
1. Mabigyan ng dagdag kaalaman ang mga namamahala sa Lawa ng pandin tungkol sa:
pagtu-tour guide, first aid, DRRM, Food safety/proper handling/preparation,
leadership/gender sensitivity, writeshop on fund raising, atbp.
2. Makakuha ng dagdag na kagamitan para sa first aid
3. Makabuo ng kooperatiba mula sa mga samahan
Group 4
GOAL 5: (POLICY/LAW ENFORCEMENT) MAPANATILI ANG KAAYUSAN AT
KATIWASAYAN SA LAWA
Objective #1
Sa loob ng dalawang taon, makabuo, makapagpasa, at
makapagpatupad ng ordinansa/batas/polisiya na tutugon sa
dumi ng lahat ng uri ng hayop, basura, kapayapaan at kaayusan
at kaligtasan ng lokal na mamamayan at ng mga turista
Activities:
1. Barangay General Assembly
©PUBLIC CONSULTATION NG MGA SUMUSUNOD:
Proposed Ordinances
 Pagtatapon ng basura at pagdumi ng mga hayop at tao sa tubig
 Pagbabawal ng Paggamit ng kuryente at lason sa pangingisda
 Easement Development at Right of Way
 Panuntunan para sa Kaligtasan o Public Safety and Precaution
 Ordinansa para sa Cultural Heritage Program
2. Regular meeting ng mga samahang namamahala sa Lawa ng Pandin
3. Coordination (LGU, National Agencies at LLDA)
4. Information and Education Campaign sa mga Ordinansang ipapatupad at Pandin
Lake Management Plan
5. Bumuo ng mga Tagapagpatupad gaya ng Task Forces (Multi-Sectoral at Multi
Agencies Task Forces)
GOAL 6: MAPANATILI, MAIPASA/MAISALIN, MAPALAGANAP AT MAIPAGMALAKI
ANG KULTURA AT TRADISYONG “SAN PABLEÑO”
Objectives # 1:
Sa loob ng dalawang taon, makapagtatag ng isang “Cultural
Heritage Center” kung saan mapapangalagaan ang yamang
kultura, kasaysayan, at tradisyon ng mga San Pableño na maaring
maipamahagi at maisalin sa mga susunod na henerasyon. Ang
nasabing “center” ay maglalaman ng mga impormasyon hinggil sa
mga sumusunod: a) Alamat ng coconut, b) Alamat ng bawat isang
lawa, c) Alamat ng Pinya, d) Pag-awit ng may gitara, at e) Cultural
presentation
Activities:
1. Formulation ng isang Cultural Heritage Program (CHP) lead by LGU
2. Coordination with DEPED, DOT, DPWH, DSWD and other relevant agencies to help
implement of CHP
3. Production and distribution of IEC materials related to CHP
ANNEX I-2
Institutional Outputs of the Sustainability Plan Workshop on the Formulation of Pandin
Lake Development and Management Plan
04 September 2014
A. LGU – City Government of San Pablo
Mandates
Duties and Responsibilities
Resources Being Provided
Resources Needed for
Pandin Lake
Regulated Communities
RA 7160 – Local Government Code
RA 9593 – Tourism Act
Local Ordinance No. 2011-08
Resolution on San Pablo City Tourism Master Plan
1. City Tourism Office (CHATO)
- Develop, implement, and regulate tourism plans
and programs
- Monitor tourism services of the City
- Promote tourist destinations of the City
- Propose allocation of funds for tourist
development of the city
2. City ENRO
- Enforce environmental laws
- Submit recommendations to the LCE and
Sangguniang Panglunsod
- Promote activities directed towards environmental
protection and preservations
- Source/outsource funds when needed
3. CPDO
- Updating of CLUP
- M&E of plans and programs implementation
1. Human Resources
- CHATO – 6 permanent personnel, 2 casual
employees
- CENRO – full complement of office organization
- CPDO – 4 permanent personnel (ANA)
2. Technical Advice
- Recording of tourist arrival
- Design of facilities (comfort rooms, bamboo raft)
- Promotional strategy
- IEC – tourism and environmental awareness
PhP 1.7 M – construction of facilities and training
PhP 1.0 M – general promotion (website, brochures, TV
ads, signage
PhP 12.0 M – infrastructure/road network
- Private landowners – cooperation in tourism
development
- Private entrepreneurs – ensure that businesses are
operated within the bounds of law
- Tour operators – regulate charging
NOTE: All should cooperate to attain sustainable tourism
B. LLDA
Mandates
Pandin Lake
RA 4850
- Uphold sustainable development of the LDB
Region
- Regulation
- Conservation, protection, preservation of LDB
Region resources
- Pandin Lake Development and Management
Plan – lead, oversee, linkages Manpower,
logistics
- Manpower, logistics
- PhP 5.0 M
- Full time staff
- LGU
- FARMC
- Industries/Commercial establishments
C. Seven Crater Lakes Watershed Management Council
Mandates
Pandin Lake
LLDA Board Resolution No. 114, S. 1999
- Formulate policies, plans and programs for the
protection, conservation and restoration of the
seven crater lakes’ watershed
- Environmental advocacy
- Resource generation
- Monitoring of sources of pollution and detrimental
activities in the seven crater lakes
- Manpower – 15 members
- PhP 50,000.00/month
- Mobilization of students (IEC, tree planting)
- Residents of Lake Pandin - compliance to laws,
rules and regulations (solid wastes)
D. FARMC
Mandates
Pandin Lake
RA 8550*
- Nagpapasunod ng fishery code (illegal fishing,
illegal structure)
- Pangangalaga sa natural na likas yaman (natural
environment)
- Pagmimintina ng kalinisan ng lawa
- Pangangalaga at pagbibigay inpormasyon sa
mga taong may nais malaman tungkol sa lawa
- Manpower – binubuo ng 21 bangkera (SKMBLP)
at mangingisda (SMLP)
- Depende sa pangangailangan ng hanap-buhay
at maskakatulong sa pagpapa-unlad ng antas ng
pamumuhay (pangisdaan at turismo)
- SMLP at bangkera - cleanliness
- Bantay Lawa – pagbabawal sa mga gumagawa
ng illegal
- Barangay Police – peace and order
Institutions
-
LLDA
BFAR
Sangguniang Barangay
Governor’s Office
City Mayor’s Office
City Tourism Office
Mr. Mandy Mariño (concerned citizen)
Fundacion Santiago
SPC Medical Society
IATSS
Rotary Club
Media
ATIKHA
Tangqgol Kalikasan
*As per RA 8550, the following are the functions of M/CFARMC: 1) Recommendatory body composed of
representatives of government, fisherfolk, and NGOs, 2) Assist in the preparation of municipal fisheries
development plan, 3) Recommend enactment of fishery ordinances, 4) Assist in the enforcement of fishery laws,
rules and regulations, and 5) Advise the Sangguniang Panglunsod on fishery matters
ANNEXES TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN OF LAKE PANDIN
Annex J-4

pandin lake development and management plan

Transcription

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