Organizing the Body of the Speech

Transcription

Organizing the Body of the Speech
Chapter 9
The Art of Public Speaking by Stephen Lucas
Introduction to Speech
McHenry County College – Ron Compton
Objectives
Know & Do
• Importance of Being Clear, Coherent
• Patterns of Organizing Main Points
• Guidelines for Organizing Main Points
• Kinds of Connectives – Roles in Speech
Train with Message
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Train – Japan . . . Ready
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Go!
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
The Speech Train – Illinois . . . Ready
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Go Slow!
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Speech Train – Message Remembered
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Disorganized
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
“Speak Up!” An Illustrated Guide to Public Speaking
Douglas Fraleigh and Joe Tuman
Illustrations by Peter Arkle
Bedford / St. Martin’s, 2009
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Create Ways to Help Your Audience
Remember Main Points
Natural Order, Progression,
Creative, Clear, Powerful, Memorable
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Class Activity – Memory of Letters
• Read the Letters on the Next Slide
• Take 30 Seconds to Learn Them
• Write Down the Letters When They’re Gone
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
J
FKFB
INAT
ONA
SAI
RS
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Class Activity – Memory of Letters
How Many Did You Remember?
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Organization of Letters - Memory
J
FKFB
INAT
ONA
SAI
RS
JFK
FBI
NATO
NASA
IRS
Adapted from Made to Stick,
Chip & Dan Heath, Random House,
2007
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Example of Memorable Main Points in Body
Work with Care
I. Commitment
II. Action
III. Results
IV. Excellence
Ron Compton
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Example of Memorable Main Points in Body
SMART Goals
I. Specific
II. Measurable
III. Attainable
IV. Relevant
V. Time Bound
Peter Drucker, Management by
Objectives Concept in “The
Practice of Management”
(1954)
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Guidelines for Main Points
• Keep Them Separate – Independent
• Use the Same Pattern of Wording
• Balance the Time Devoted to Each
• Include Supporting Materials for Each
o Examples, Statistics, Testimony
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of the Speech
Patterns of Organization
of Main Points
• Chronological
• Spatial
• Cause-Effect
• Problem-Solution, P.-Cause-S.
• Topical
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of the Speech
1. Organization – Critical Thinking
Identify Method for the Specific Purpose
“To inform my audience of the
geographical regions of
South Africa”
Instructor’s Manual, pp. 130-131
Supporting Your Ideas
“To inform my audience of the
geographical regions of
South Africa”
A speech with this specific purpose
would probably be organized spatially,
though it could also be structured
topically.
“To inform my audience about the
major stages in the development of
the American film industry.”
major stages in the development of the
American film industry”
The most obvious choice for a speech
with this specific purpose would be
chronological order, but it could also
be arranged topically.
“To persuade my audience that the
state legislature should enact
tougher laws to curb the problem
of predatory lending to college
students”
“To persuade my audience that the state
legislature should enact tougher laws to
curb the problem of predatory lending to
college students”
A speech with this specific purpose would
most likely be arranged in problemsolution order.
causes and effects of Lyme
disease”
causes and effects of Lyme
disease”
A speech with this specific purpose
would most likely follow a causal
pattern of organization.
To inform my audience about the
educational philosophy of
Maria Montessori.
To inform my audience about the
educational philosophy of
Maria Montessori.
A speech with this specific purpose would
most likely be organized topically, with
each main point dealing with a different
aspect of Montessori’s philosophy of
education.
major kinds of symbols used in
Native American art”
“To inform my audience about the major
kinds of symbols used in Native American
art”
Although a speech with this specific
purpose would probably be arranged in
topical order, it might be organized
chronologically if the speaker were to deal
with the changes in Native American art
symbols over the years.
Identify Method for the Main Points
I. The philosophy of hacktivism revolves
around free speech, human rights, and
online civil disobedience.
II. The objectives of hacktivism are to
expose the corruption and inner workings
of governments and corporations.
Instructor’s Manual, pp. 131-132
I. The philosophy of hacktivism revolves
around free speech, human rights, and
online civil disobedience.
II. The objectives of hacktivism are to
expose the corruption and inner workings
of governments and corporations.
Topical
I. In ancient Rome, the Colosseum hosted
gladiatorial games and other kinds of popular
entertainment.
II. In the Middle Ages, the Colosseum was
occupied by religious groups and used as a
cemetery.
III. In modern times, the Colosseum has been
restored and turned into a tourist attraction.
I. In ancient Rome, the Colosseum hosted
gladiatorial games and other kinds of popular
entertainment.
II. In the Middle Ages, the Colosseum was
occupied by religious groups and used as a
cemetery.
III. In modern times, the Colosseum has been
restored and turned into a tourist attraction.
Chronological
I. Caused by a rare genetic mutation,
progeria is an inherited disease that has no
known treatment.
II. The effects of progeria include the
appearance of rapid aging, limited growth,
and a shortened lifespan.
I. Caused by a rare genetic mutation,
progeria is an inherited disease that has no
known treatment.
II. The effects of progeria include the
appearance of rapid aging, limited growth,
and a shortened lifespan.
Causal
I. At the top of the rainforest is the emergent layer,
where trees can be 200 feet tall.
II. Below the emergent layer is the canopy, where
vegetation is so dense that it filters out 80 percent of the
sunlight.
III. Beneath the canopy is the understory, where trees
are less than 12 feet tall and grow large leaves to collect
the small amount of sunlight.
IV. At the bottom is the forest floor, where there are
almost no plants because of the lack of sunlight.
I. At the top of the rainforest is the emergent layer,
where trees can be 200 feet tall.
II. Below the emergent layer is the canopy, where
vegetation is so dense that it filters out 80 percent of the
sunlight.
III. Beneath the canopy is the understory, where trees
are less than 12 feet tall and grow large leaves to collect
the small amount of sunlight.
IV. At the bottom is the forest floor, where there are
almost no plants because of the lack of sunlight.
Spatial
I. Cyber bullying is a widespread
national problem.
II. The problem can be solved by a
combination of individual awareness
and social action.
I. Cyber bullying is a widespread
national problem.
II. The problem can be solved by a
combination of individual awareness
and social action.
Problem-Solution
I. Sonia Sotomayor is best known as the
first Hispanic justice of the U.S. Supreme
Court.
II. Sonia Sotomayor is also an
accomplished communicator who has
given hundreds of public speeches.
Instructor’s Manual, pp. 134
I. Sonia Sotomayor is best known as the
first Hispanic justice of the U.S. Supreme
Court.
II. Sonia Sotomayor is also an
accomplished communicator who has
given hundreds of public speeches.
Topical
I. Caused by an antibiotic-resistant strain
of staphylococcus bacteria, MRSA is
prevalent among college students.
II. The effects of MRSA include skin
infections, damage to internal organs,
pneumonia, and, in some cases, death.
I. Caused by an antibiotic-resistant strain
of staphylococcus bacteria, MRSA is
prevalent among college students.
II. The effects of MRSA include skin
infections, damage to internal organs,
pneumonia, and, in some cases, death.
Causal
Connectives for Main Points
• Transition
• Internal Summary
• Internal Preview
• Signposts
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Activity
Create Connectives for Main Points
• Transition
• Internal Summary
• Internal Preview
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Main Points & Transitions (1st Example)
I. Over the years, millions of people have immigrated to the U. S.
A. Since the American Revolution, more than 95 million people
have immigrated to the U. S.
B. Today there are over 40 million Americans who were born in
other countries.
Transition: __________________________________________.
II. There are several reasons why people immigrate to the U. S.
A. Many people immigrate in search of economic opportunity.
B. Others immigrate to attain political freedom.
C. Still other immigrate to escape religious persecution.
Internal Summary: ____________________________________.
Instructor’s Manual, pp. 137
Organizing the Body
of the Speech
Main Points & Transitions (2nd Example)
I. The shortage of nurses has become a serious nation problem.
A. More than 60% of U. S. hospitals have nurse shortages severe
enough to threaten the quality of health care.
B. Experts warn that the shortage will become even worse in the
years ahead unless steps are taken to solve it.
Transition & Internal Preview: ___________________________
____________________________________________________.
II. The problem can be solved by offering nurses better salaries and
better working conditions.
A. Better salaries will attract more people to nursing as a
profession.
B. Better working conditions will improve moral and reduce
Organizing the Body
burnout among nurses.
of the Speech
On Track!
Audience Profits
• Understand
• Remember
Speaker Profits
• Preparation
• Confidence, Credibility
Organizing the Body
• Success
of the Speech
Summary
Main Points of Body
• Natural Order, Creative, Clear,
Powerful, Memorable
• Organizational Method Pattern
for Best Audience Impact
• Supporting Materials
• Connectives
Organizing the Body
of the Speech

Organizing the Body of the Speech

Transcription

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