EUROPEAN AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

2010
european
a u t o m o bi l e
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
a s s o ci at io n
k e y f ig u r e s
published by
ACEA Communications department
[email protected]
This paper is made in an environmentally-friendly way and according to FSC certification
_september 2010
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t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Foreword
The automotive industry is a key element in the fabric of the European economy and society.
Our industry contributes enormously to the health and wealth of the EU and its near 500 million
inhabitants - it is vital that the automotive sector retains its competitiveness and innovative edge.
The European vehicle manufacturers are technology leaders, driving innovation towards cleaner, safer,
sustainable transport. As major corporate citizens, they are fully part of society and, therefore, dialogue
and mutual understanding with all our stakeholders is essential. This booklet, the 2010 edition of the
ACEA Automobile Industry Pocket Guide, provides comprehensive and insightful facts and figures
- with key data on employment, production, vehicle registration, vehicle use, taxation and trade, as
well as information on a range of environment and mobility-related issues. It also presents the vehicle
manufacturers’ trade association in Brussels, ACEA.
I trust our pocket guide will be of great value to all those involved
in automotive industry issues and relevant policies.
Ivan Hodac
Secretary General ACEA
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european
a u t o m o bi l e
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
a s s o ci at io n
ACEA
About ACEA
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
ACEA
ACEA in brief
ACEA is the acronym for “Association des Constructeurs Européens d’Automobiles” or European
Automobile Manufacturers’ Association. The industry association , based in Brussels, is one of many
interest groups that contribute to an informed decision-making process in the EU.
ACEA has sixteen members : BMW Group, DAF Trucks, Daimler, FIAT Group, Ford of Europe, General
Motors Europe, Jaguar Land Rover, MAN Nutzfahrzeuge, Porsche, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault Group,
Scania, Toyota Motor Europe, Volkswagen Group, Volvo Car Corporation and Volvo Group.
ACEA was established in 1991. The Board of Directors (BOD) is composed of the Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of its 16 members, whereas the Commercial Vehicle Board of Directors (CV-BOD) is composed of
the heads of the 7 commercial vehicle company members/branches: DAF Trucks, Daimler Trucks, IVECO,
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge, Scania, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles and Volvo Trucks. ACEA, furthermore,
maintains close relationships with the 29 national automobile manufacturers’ associations in Europe.
ACEA is the first source of information with regard to vehicle-related regulation . The regulatory
framework consists of around 80 EU Directives and more than 70 applicable UNECE regulatory
agreements covering mostly technological issues and standards.
ACEA is the main portal to clear and factual information about the European automobile industry ,
encouraging understanding of the sector’s importance, complexity and contributions to society.
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Corporate citizenship
The members of ACEA deploy numerous corporate social responsibility initiatives to the benefit of their
employees and society-at-large. The industry’s products , furthermore, meet the highest environmental and
safety standards. This is the result of a long-standing tradition of innovation and investments in research
and development.
It takes 100 of today’s cars to match the average pollutant emissions of 1 car built in the 1970s;
Noise levels of vehicles have been reduced by 90% over the same period;
Reducing fuel consumption has long been a matter of top-priority;
On the safety front, the introduction of seatbelts, anti-lock braking systems, electronic stability control
and airbags has cut fatalities and serious injuries to vehicle passengers by 80%. The development of
further safety systems is an on-going process.
Acting as a responsible corporate citizen is not only desirable in itself; it also helps to build a relationship
based on trust and loyalty between companies and their customers.
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t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
ACEA
What interests does ACEA represent ?
ACEA represents an industry that is instrumental to EU growth and that plays an important part in
everybody’s life, through employment and social benefits, education and innovation, and through product
and mobility concepts.
More than 12 million families depend on the sector for employment;
ACEA members operate 208 manufacturing sites in 25 European countries;
The industry’s high-quality products set the standard around the world and continuously push further
innovation;
ACEA members yearly invest over €26 billion in R&D, or 5% of turnover;
Net auto exports are worth almost €30 billion;
ACEA members have an annual turnover of over €500 billion.
The sector’s technologies and innovations shoulder development and progress in many other sectors, from
IT to logistics, health care and others.
Vehicle manufacturers find it indispensable to maintain a dialogue with society, in particular on those issues
that influence the sector’s future growth, competitiveness, innovation capacity and investment decisions.
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How does ACEA work ?
ACEA is led by the Secretary General and employs around fifteen experts covering policy issues and
technical requirements in the fields of environment, fuels, emissions, road safety, recycling, trade, taxation,
transport, type-approval and internal market. Through specialist working groups and an extensive network
within the vehicle industry, ACEA has access to a wealth of expertise and applied technical experience.
ACEA activities include, but are not limited to:
Dialogue with the European Institutions and others stakeholders concerned by the automobile industry;
Cooperation with policy makers and related industries to advance mutual understanding of industryrelated issues and contribute to realistic and effective legislation, bearing in mind the interests of
European society and its economy;
Research and study of relevant developments and trends in automotive-related issues and policy fields;
Strategic reflection on the increasingly global challenges of competition and corporate responsibility,
drawing on the strengths and expertise of its members;
Communication of the role and importance of the industry, of its common views and of reliable data and
information;
Monitoring of activities that influence the automobile industry, responding to and cooperating with the
actors involved.
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t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
ACEA
The industry’s seven priority fields
The European automotive industry has seven priority topics it discusses with the EU Institutions and
other stakeholders :
Strengthening the competitiveness of the EU economy and the European automobile manufacturing in
particular, through a comprehensive industrial policy that recognises and promotes manufacturing as a
corner stone of future growth and prosperity;
Adoption of integrated policies in the fields of road safety and environment, involving all relevant
actors and factors;
Better market access for European automotive products through balanced multilateral as well as
bilateral/regional free trade agreements;
Continuous development of efficient road infrastructure and other basic infrastructure networks
(energy, transport, telecommunications);
A real completion of the Internal Market, which cannot be achieved without fiscal harmonisation of
motor vehicle and fuel taxes. Car taxation schemes should be based on CO2 emissions to increase
demand for fuel-efficiency;
Reducing over-regulation and conflicting objectives of legislation, promoting adequate and independent
impact assessment studies, reasonable lead-time periods for implementation and global harmonisation
of technical regulations and standards for motor vehicles;
Better promotion of R&D efforts and innovation policy instruments.
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ACEA cooperation & partnerships
ACEA has permanent and close cooperation with the European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR)
which was established in 1994 as the research arm of the industry. EUCAR’s purpose is to strengthen
the competitiveness of the European automotive industry by promoting cooperative research of products,
processes and systems in the pre-competitive stage.
ACEA maintains regular relations with a number of organisations with interests related to the automobile
industry. These include the European Association of Automotive Suppliers (CLEPA), Intelligent Transport
Systems - Europe (ERTICO), the European Committee for Motor Trades and Repairs (CECRA),
the European Road Safety Federation (ERSF), the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA),
the European Petroleum Association (EUROPIA), the Confederation of European Business
(BUSINESSEUROPE) and others.
ACEA also maintains a dialogue on international issues with automobile associations around the world,
such as JAMA, KAMA, Auto Alliance, AAPC, OICA, CAAM, SIAM and many others.
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t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Secretary General
Director Safety
Ivan Hodac
Renzo Cicilloni
Director Emissions & Fuels
Manager Statistics & Economics
Paul Greening
Quynh-Nhu Huynh
Manager Communications
& Public Affairs
Director Environmental Policy
Director Technical Affairs
Michael Klinkenberg
Peter Kunze
Dolf Lamerigts
Director Legal & Taxation
Director Trade & Economics
Marc Greven
Erik Bergelin
Director Mobility
& Sustainable Transport
Director Transport Policy
ACEA
ACEA Secretariat
Director Communications
& Public Relations
Sigrid de Vries
Director Information Technology
Marc Vanderstraeten
Director Finance & Administration
Tanguy De Decker
Fuensanta Martinez-Sans
Petr Dolejsi
Director Parliamentary Affairs
Céline Domecq
Acea Tokyo Office
Anthony Millington
+81 3 350 563 41
[email protected]
Director Regulatory Projects
Stefan Larsson
Director Regulatory Affairs
Wolfgang Reinhardt
Acea Beijing Office
Dominik Declercq
+86 10 6463 4055
[email protected]
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ACEA Members
BMW GROUP
Petuelring 130
D – 80788 München
T. +49 89 3820
www.bmwgroup.com
DAF TRUCKS NV
Hugo van der Goeslaan 1
PoBox 90065
NL – 5600 PT Eindhoven
T. + 31 40 214 9111
FIAT SpA
Corso G. Agnelli 200
I – 10135 Torino
T. +39 011 003 11 11
www.fiatgroup.com
www.daftrucks.com
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Dr. Ing. h.c.F. PORSCHE AG
Porschestrasse 42
D – 70435 Stüttgart
T. +49 711 911 0
DAIMLER AG
D – 70546 Stuttgart
T. +49 711 170
FORD OF EUROPE GmbH
Henry Fordstrasse 1
D – 50725 Köln
T. +49 221 900
www.porsche.com
www.daimler.com
www.ford.com
ACEA
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
GENERAL MOTORS EUROPE AG
Bahnhofsplatz
Friedrich-Lutzmann-Ring 1
D – 65423 Rüsselsheim
T. +49 6142 77 0
www.gmeurope.com
JAGUAR LAND ROVER
Banbury Road
Gaydon
UK – Warwick CV35 ORR
T. +44 19 2664 1111
www.jaguarlandrover.com
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE
Avenue du Bourget 60
B – 1140 Brussels
T. +32 2 745 20 11
www.toyota.eu
PSA PEUGEOT CITROËN
Avenue de la Grande Armée 75
F – 75116 Paris Cedex
T. +33 1 40 66 55 11
www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com
VOLKSWAGEN AG
Berliner Ring 2
D – 38436 Wolfsburg
T. +49 536 190
www.volkswagenag.com
RENAULT SA
Quai Alphonse Le Gallo 13-15
F – 92109 Boulogne-Billancourt
T. +33 1 41 04 50 50
VOLVO CAR CORPORATION
S – 405 31 Göteborg
T. +46 31 – 59 00 00
www.renault.com
www.volvocars.com
MAN NUTZFAHRZEUGE AG
Postfach 50 06 20
D – 80995 München
T. +49 891 580 01
SCANIA AB
S – 15187 Sodertalje
T. +46 8 55 38 10 00
AB VOLVO
S – 405 08 Göteborg
T. +46 31 66 51 70
www.man-mn.com
www.scania.com
www.volvo.com
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Brussels ACEA Member Representations
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BMW Group Representative
Office Brussels
Boulevard de Waterloo 25
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 737 50 30
Fiat Group Delegation to the EU
Rue de Genève 175
B –1140 Brussels
T. +32 2 513 63 92
GM Europe Public Policy
& Government Relations
Rue d’Idalie 9-13
B –1050 Brussels
T. +32 2 773 69 82
Daimler EU Corporate Representation
Rue Froissart 133
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 233 11 45
Ford Motor Company EU Affairs
Rue Montoyer 40 bte 7
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 761 06 11
Jaguar Land Rover Brussels Office
Rue Breydel 34
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 235 86 32
ACEA
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
MAN Brussels Office
Rue Jacques de Lalaing 4
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 230 41 95
PSA Peugeot Citroën EU Delegation
Avenue des Arts 53
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 545 11 79
Renault Delegation to the EU
Avenue des Arts 40
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 274 10 00
Scania EU Representation
c/o Kreab Gavin Anderson
Avenue de Tervueren 2
B –1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 737 69 02
Toyota Motor Europe
Avenue du Bourget 60
B –1140 Brussels
T. +32 2 745 20 61
Volvo Car Corporation
Brussels Office EU Affairs
Sweden House
Rue du Luxembourg 3
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 503 69 67
Volvo Group EU Representation
Sweden House
Rue du Luxembourg 3
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 482 58 70
Volkswagen Group EU
Representation
Rue Archimède 25
B –1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 645 49 53
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Acea Associated Organisations
_austria
FFOE
Fachverband der Fahrzeugindustrie
Österreichs
Wiedner Hauptstrasse 63
A – 1045 Wien
T. +43 5 90 900 48 00
F. +43 5 90 900 289
www.wk.or.at/fahrzeuge
_belgium
FEBIAC
Fédération Belge des Industries de
l’Automobile et du Cycle
Belgische Federatie van de Automobiel-en
tweewielerindustrie
Boulevard de la Woluwe 46 B6
B – 1200 Bruxelles
T. +32 2 778 64 00
F. +32 2 762 81 71
www.febiac.be
16
_bulgaria
ACM
Association of Car Manufacturers and their
authorised representatives for Bulgaria
_czech republic
AIA CR (SAP)
Automotive Industry Association CR
Veliko Tarnovo Street 37
BG – 1504 Sofia
T. +359 2 946 12 50
F. +359 2 94 33 944
Opletalova 55
CZ – 110 00 Praha 1
T. +420 221 602 982
F. +420 224 239 690
www.svab.bg
www.autosap.cz
OEB
_cyprus
_denmark
DK BIL
Employers & Industrialists Federation
De Danske Bilimportører
Grivast Dhigenis Avenue 30
PoBox 21657
CY-Nicosia
T. +357 22 66 51 02
F. +357 22 66 94 59
Radhuspladsen 16
DK – 1550 Kobenhavn V
T. +45 39 16 23 23
F. +45 39 16 24 24
www.bilimp.dk
ACEA
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
_estonia
AMTEL
Union of Estonian Car Sales and Service
Enterprises
Pärnu Road 232
EST – 11314 Tallinn
T. +372 672 23 06
F. +372 650 21 97
_france
CCFA
Comité des Constructeurs Français
d’Automobiles
Rue de Presbourg 2
F – 75008 Paris
T. +33 1 49 52 51 00
F. +33 1 49 52 51 88
_greece
AMVIR (SEAA)
Association of Motor Vehicle
Importers-Representatives
Kifisias Avenue 294
GR – 152 32 Halandri - Athens
T. +30 210 689 1400
F. +30 210 685 9 022
www.seaa.gr
www.ccfa.fr
www.amtel.ee
_germany
_finland
AUTOTUOJAT ry
Ateneuminkuja 2 C 10 Krs
FIN – 00100 Helsinki
T. +358 207 928 855
F. +358 207 928 859
VDA
www.autotuojat.fi
_hungary
AHAI (MGSZ)
Verband Der Automobilindustrie
Association of the Hungarian
Automotive Industry
Behrebstrasse 35
D – 10177 Berlin
T. +49 30 897 842-0
F. +49 30 897 842-600
Major u. 69
H – 1119 Budapest
T. +36 1 382 9805
F. +36 1 382 9810
www.vda.de
www.gepjarmuipar.hu
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_ireland
SIMI
_ l at v i a
LAADA
The Society of the Irish Motor Industry
Latvian Authorized Automobile Dealers
Association
Upper Pembroke Street 5
IRL – Dublin 2
T. +353 1 676 16 90
F. +353 1 661 92 13
www.simi.ie
Smerla Street 3 Suite 273
LV – 1006 Riga
T. +371 6 752 99 79
F. +371 6 754 03 15
_ m a lta
ACIM
Association of Car Importers Malta
PoBox 50 Valletta Building Level 2
MT – San Gwann
T. +356 21 38 57 74
F. +356 21 22 33 06
www.lpaa.lv
_ n o r w ay
_ i ta ly
ANFIA
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_lithuania
BIL
Associazione Nazionale Filiera Industrie
Automobilistiche
LAA
BilimportØrenes Landsforening
Lithuanian Autoenterpreneurs Association
Corso Galileo Ferraris 61
I – 10128 Torino
T. +39 011 554 65 11
F. +39 011 545 986
P. Zadeikos g. 1b
LT – 06319 Vilnius
T. +370 5 230 12 24
F. +370 5 230 12 25
Økernveien 99
PoBox 71 Økern
N – 0508 Oslo
T. +47 22 64 64 55
F. +47 22 64 85 95
www.anfia.it
www.laa.lt
www.bilimportorenes-landsforening.no
ACEA
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
_romania
ACAROM
_poland
PZPM
Polski Zwiazek Przemysłu Motoryzacyjnego
Al. Niepodleglosci 69
PL – 02-626 Warsaw
T. +48 22 322 71 98/99
F. +48 22 322 76 65
Asociatiei Constructorilor de Automobile din
Romania
Str. Banu Mãrãcine - Bl. D5
RO – 110194 Pitesti
T. +40 248 219 958
F. +40 248 217 990
www.acarom.ro
www.pzpm.org.pl
_slovak
ZAPSR
republic
Automotive Industry Association SR
Tomasikova 26
SK – 821 01 Bratislava
T. +421 2 4364 2235
F. +421 2 4364 2237
www.zapsr.sk
_slovenia
ADS
_portugal
ACAP
Association of Automobile Manufacturers
and Authorised Importers
_spain
ANFAC
Associação do Comércio Automóvel
de Portugal
Asociación Española de Fabricantes
de Automóviles y Camiones
Avenida Torre de Belém 29
P – 1400-342 Lisboa
T. +351 21 303 53 00
F. +351 21 302 14 74
c/o Chamber of Commerce &
Industry of Slovenia
Dimiceva 13
SI – 1000 Ljubljana
T. +386 1 58 98 217
F. +386 1 58 98 219
www.acap.pt
www.ads-slo.org
www.anfac.com
Calle Fray Bernardino Sahagún 24
E – 28036 Madrid
T. +34 91 343 13 43
F. +34 91 345 03 97
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_sweden
BIL
PoBox 26173
S – 100 41 Stockholm
T. +46 8 700 41 00
F. +46 8 791 23 11
www.bilsweden.se
_switzerland
Auto – Suisse | Auto – Schweiz
_the
De Rijwiel en Automobiel Industrie Vereniging
Wielingenstraat 28
PoBox 74800
NL – 1070 DM Amsterdam
T. +31 20 504 49 49
F. +31 20 646 38 57
www.raivereniging.nl
www.auto-suisse.ch
www.auto-schweiz.ch
20
_united
SMMT
kingdom
The Society of Motor Manufacturers
and Traders
Forbes House
Halkin Street
UK – London SW1X 7DS
T. +44 207 235 70 00
F. +44 207 235 71 12
www.smmt.co.uk
Association Importateurs Suisses
d’Automobiles
Vereinigung Schweizer Automobil-Importeure
Mittelstrasse 32
Postfach 5232
CH – 3001 Bern
T. +41 31 306 65 65
F. +41 31 306 65 50
netherlands
RAI
_turkey
OSD
Automotive Manufacturers Association
Atilla Sokak 10 Altunizade
TR – 34676 Istanbul
T. +90 216 318 29 94
F. +90 216 321 94 97
www.osd.org.tr
ACEA
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
EUCAR secretariat is composed of:
Simon Godwin
[email protected]
Director
Alessandro Coda
[email protected]
Research Coordinator
EUCAR members are:
BMW, DAF, Daimler, Fiat,
Ford Europe, GM/Opel,
Jaguar Land Rover, Porsche,
PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault,
Scania, Volkswagen Group and Volvo
The European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) is the research
organisation for the major automotive manufacturers in Europe, with
the mission to strengthen the competitiveness of the manufacturers
through strategic collaborative R&D.
Together with its members, EUCAR identifies the common R&D
challenges of the industry. These are communicated to the
European Commission and other key institutions and stakeholders.
EUCAR’s members participate in collaborative research projects with
manufacturers, suppliers and research providers. Projects are mainly
financed through European Union funding programmes matched with
industry funding.
EUCAR key research is in the following domains:
Fuels and Powertrain
Materials, Processes and Manufacturing
Integrated Safety
Mobility and Transport
21
Did you Know ?
Did you know ?
european
a u t o m o bi l e
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
a s s o ci at io n
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
D i d yo u k n o w ?
Did you Know ?
The automobile industry is the largest private investor
in R&D in the EU
The automotive industry is the largest private investor in
R&D in the EU. The ACEA members together spend over
€26 billion every year on R&D, or about 5% of their turnover.
These figures, resulting from a recent ACEA survey among
its member companies, reflect the great importance that the
automobile manufacturers attach to R&D efforts to keep up
their competitiveness and long-term viability. Main areas of automotive R&D investment are environment,
road safety and production efficiency.
Overall automotive R&D investments are even higher. According to the EU Industrial Investment
Scoreboard, the sectors ‘automobiles and parts’ and ‘commercial vehicles and trucks’ represented R&D
investment of €32.8 billion in 2008. The actual number will be greater, as these categories do not include
all automotive supplying sectors. The Scoreboard ranks the pharmaceutical sector second with €19.8 billion
and the telecommunications equipment sector third with €12 billion.
25
d i d yo u k n o w ?
D i d yo u k n o w ?
Auto industry tops R&D scoreboard in Europe
The EU 2009 Industrial Investment Scoreboard
confirmed once more the outstanding role of the
automotive industry for the European economy in
terms of innovative capacity and investment power.
Six of the ACEA members are in the European
Top 20 of investors, with two present in the Top 10,
and one earmarked as largest single investor.
The automotive industry has held its top position
for years now.
6,300 patents
The many patents filed by the industry underline
the sectors innovative stance as well. In 2008,
almost 6,300 patents were filed by the European
automotive industry. They made up 55% of all
automotive applications at the European Patent
Office (EPO). 23% of automotive applications
came from Japan, 16% from the US, 1% from
China/Taiwan and 1% from South Korea.
26
Patent Applications filed by the Auto Sector | 2008
EU
54.1%
Japan
22.4%
US
15.6%
Korea
0.6%
China
0.3%
Taiwan
0.6%
Other
6.4%
Source: EPO (European Patent Office)
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
D i d yo u k n o w ?
The vehicle industry is one of the most
densely regulated sectors in Europe
Did you Know ?
The automotive industry is one of the most regulated sectors in
Europe. Up till now, around 80 EU directives have been drawn
up and more than 70 applicable pieces of legislation have been
internationalised further within the UNECE in Geneva.
Cars and commercial vehicles are very complex products and before
they enter the market, they have to comply with what is known as the
Framework Directive for Whole Vehicle Type Approval.
This framework directive contains procedures and a long list of separate directives laying down technical
requirements for motor vehicles as well as for components and separate technical units from which vehicles
are assembled.
In addition, there are directives that establish requirements for the use of motor vehicles, as well as
regulations, which apply throughout the European Union on the basis of Community law.
Vehicle-related regulation is mostly very technical in nature and cannot be drafted without the specialist
knowledge of vehicle manufacturers. ACEA collects the necessary information through working groups of
member company experts and shares the information with the EU institutions and other stakeholders to
support effective and efficient policy making. For commercial vehicles, in particular, ACEA seeks further
global harmonisation standards and regulation.
27
d i d yo u k n o w ?
Before entering the market, passenger cars have to comply with more than 45 EU Directives and Regulations
Environment
28
Lighting & signaling
Active safety
Passive safety
Other
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
D i d yo u k n o w ?
It takes at least 5 years to develop a new car
Did you Know ?
Cars are highly complex and innovative products. Their development - from design to production logistics takes up to 5 years. Engine design can take even longer. Their product cycle, or the time that cars are kept
in production, comprises up to 7 years.
Vehicle and engine adjustments are hugely complicated and capital-intensive operations. Manufacturers
and their suppliers plan and allocate production capacity well ahead to accommodate production and
renewal of their car portfolio. To be able to adjust automobiles to new legal requirements, the car industry
needs sufficient lead-time ahead of implementation of these new rules.
During the development phase, changes to a prototype are limited to implementation of ready-available
new technologies within the technical and economic constraints of the car’s concept. The possibilities for
change become more limited in the execution phase. During the typical production life of a car, investments
in capital and innovations need to be recovered. Modifications are only opportune in case of relatively minor
requirements, such as software changes.
ADVANCED engineering b
inPUT
CONCEPT phase b
concept b
EXECUTION
1
5
PRODUCT CYCLE b
10
Production Timeline (years)
29
d i d yo u k n o w ?
D i d yo u k n o w ?
The car is the preferred means of transport for Europeans
There are more than 234 million vehicles on the European roads (eurostat, 2008), or about 1 per 2 inhabitants.
Nearly 6% of them are new vehicles (up to 1 year), and about 34% are at least 10 years old (Anfac, 2008).
The average annual distance travelled by a car in Europe is about 22,000 km.
Source: IHS Global Insight
New Cars sold in Europe* | 2009
30
Small
40.5%
Lower Medium
23.5%
Upper Medium
11.9%
MPVs
9.7%
SUVs
8.2%
Luxury
3.3%
Others
2.9%
* EU27, Norway and Switzerland, excluding Luxembourg
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
D i d yo u k n o w ?
Did you Know ?
Reducing CO2 emissions involves
more than engine technology
The European automotive industry is contributing significantly to reducing CO2 emissions from vehicles.
A large number of advanced technologies have been introduced into the markets and many more are to
come. The European car manufacturers and the automotive suppliers work closely together to achieve
further important results.
Reducing CO2 emissions from automobiles is a complex challenge and involves improvements of the
whole vehicle, not just the engine. The European automotive industry has identified multiple categories
for eco-innovative technologies that will ensure further
progress: systems & components, running resistance, wellto-wheel efficiency, smart navigation and driver information.
All categories contain numerous technology applications,
from adaptive cruise-control and super efficient LED lights to
robotised gearboxes and the storage and re-use of heat.
These innovations confirm the automotive industry’s
determination to achieve further reductions in new car
CO2 emissions, no matter which engine they use.
In addition, driving style, the choice of fuel or energy and the quality of the infrastructure are as decisive to
achieve the best possible fuel-economy and lowest CO2 emissions of road transport.
31
d i d yo u k n o w ?
D i d yo u k n o w ?
Drivers can make a big difference
Fuel-efficient driving, or «Eco-driving», can significantly reduce fuel consumption and lower CO2 emissions.
Slight changes in driving style enable drivers to exploit fully the fuel-efficiency potential of modern
technologies. Eco-driving is easy to apply.
The Golden Rules for eco-driving are :
Shift into a higher gear early
Maintain a steady speed at highest possible gear
Look ahead and anticipate traffic flow
Switch off the engine at short stops
Check and adjust the tyre pressure regularly
Make use of in-car fuel saving devices such as on-board computers and dynamic navigators
Avoid surplus weight and unused roof racks
Highly cost-effective : Eco-driving training leads to a reduction in fuel consumption of up to 25 % after
training, with a significant long-term effects of 7% under everyday driving conditions.
32
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
D i d yo u k n o w ?
Modern trucks are a benchmark for fuel efficiency
Depreciation
2%
Vehicle Insurance
6%
Interest
Overhead
Tyres
Fuel
Source: iveco
10%
Road Tax
Repair & Maintenance
Wages
2%
18%
1%
30%
5%
26%
Did you Know ?
In freight transport, there is and has long been a clear business case to minimize fuel consumption.
For most transport companies, fuel is the main operating cost and the intense competition on the commercial
vehicle market has driven technological process in commercial vehicle manufacturing to great heights.
A 40-tonne truck built today burns around a third less fuel than one made in the 1970s. Per tonne
transported, this corresponds to a fuel consumption of just 1 litre of diesel per 100 tonnekm, with significant
CO2 savings as a result. Today’s buses are also
leading the way with average fuel consumption per
Total Operating Costs (TOC)
bus-passenger that can challenge the performance
40-tonne Tractor – Semitrailer Combination
of a trip per train.
Further improvements in fuel efficiency remain a prime
priority for European manufacturers.
Modern diesel engines are clean, fuel efficient and
durable. Vehicles on alternative fuels or with innovative
drive trains are now also a familiar sight on Europe’s
roads. A combination of better infrastructure, increased
driver training, wider use of telematics, improved
transport efficiency and harmonisation of standards will
help achieve further sustainable mobility.
33
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
european
a u t o m o bi l e
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
a s s o ci at io n
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
What our industry delivers
What else is key
37
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
The industry drives innovation towards “greener” transport
What else is key ?
The automobile manufacturers invest heavily to help moving towards cleaner, “greener” transport.
Lower emission cars, vans, buses and trucks come onto the market every year. But technology alone
does not have all the answers. Cooperation does.
We need to share efforts to achieve our sustainable mobility goals
We need to join forces to answer the many complex questions
What about the emissions from congestion and inefficient infrastructure?
How to move drivers and customers towards the cleanest vehicles?
How to manage transport growth in the slipstream of economic growth?
All over the world, the automobile brings improved quality of life;
Together, we can sustain the benefits of mobility and reduce the environmental impact;
The European vehicle manufacturers are playing their part.
What our industry delivers
38
What else is key
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
Less CO2 emissions
European automakers
have introduced dozens
of CO2-efficient technologies
into their vehicles
over the past decades,
and progress will continue.
Improvements and new developments in conventional engine technologies remain important as they
will continue to be the dominant propulsion source for years to come.
Plug-in hybrid electric and battery electric vehicles will become available in more varieties, and
their range will be extended.
Cars running on alternative, low emission fuels like ethanol or gas are already available on the market;
second-generation biofuels are on the way.
Eco-innovative technologies like smart navigation, adaptive cruise control, highly energy-efficient
LED lights, and storage and re-use of heat will further improve fuel efficiency and lower CO2 emissions.
What our industry delivers
39
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
Reducing CO2 : a key priority
Overview of Global CO2 Emissions
Transport
(Road, Rail, Air & Water) 17%
CO2 emissions are reduced by limiting the burning
of fossil fuels. Vehicle technology is one of several
important ways to contribute to this goal.
Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, WG III, 2007.
All automobile manufacturers have made CO2 reductions
a top priority and are sustaining huge investments in
this field.
Deforestation 22%
Industry 25%
Power/heating stations 27%
Household small consumers 9%
A large number of technologies has already been
introduced, and more are still to come.
Technologies need time to find their market. EU
governments can help by providing harmonized fiscal
support.
It is essential to work together: vehicle manufacturers,
oil industry, policy makers, and road users must all
join forces to achieve the desired results.
What our industry delivers
40
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Trucks
Cars
1 car in the 1970s produced as many pollutant
elements as 100 cars today.
Particulate matter filters can reduce particulate
emissions from diesel vehicles by over 99%.
Passenger Cars
Compared to 1992 standards, Euro VI emission
levels will reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx)
and particulate matter (PM) emissions
by 95% and 97% respectively.
Particulate matter emissions from all trucks on the
road are 40% lower than a decade ago – even
though they drive 40% more kilometres today.
AdBlue technology reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx)
emissions even further, while cleaner diesel reduces
sulphur emissions.
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
Cleaner exhaust
Trucks
80%
80%
60%
60%
40%
40%
20%
20%
Petrol NOx
Diesel NOx
Emissions (% Euro 0)
Diesel PM
Euro 0
Euro 1
Euro 2
Euro 3
Euro 4
Euro 5
Euro 6
Euro 0
Euro I
Euro II
Euro III
Euro IV
Euro V
Euro VI
What our industry delivers
41
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
Less noise
Optimal recycling
Vehicles are recycled since the 1950s.
Today 95% of a car can be recycled or recovered
for use in other products or energy production.
Any vehicle produced from 1 July 2002 onwards
is taken back free of charge.
The 8 million vehicles recycled annually in the EU
account for only about 1% of waste in the EU.
The target for 2015 is to reduce waste from an
end-of-life vehicle to just 5%.
Noise from passenger cars has been reduced
by 90% since 1970.
Today 24 trucks are needed to make as much
noise as 1 did in 1970.
Since the mid-1990s, the dominant source of
vehicle noise are tyres and outdated road paving.
What our industry delivers
42
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Resource-efficient production
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
Long-term strategies to reduce water consumption have made it possible to reduce the water use per
car produced by almost 23%. This includes the increasing use of re-circulation technologies,
which allows the reuse of water.
Water Used
95.00
7.50
90.00
7.00
85.00
6.50
80.00
6.00
-22.9
75.00
%
5.50
70.00
5.00
65.00
4.50
60.00
Million m3
4.00
2005
Water total (million m3/year) |
2006
2007
m3
Water per unit produced (m3)
Source: ACEA
What our industry delivers
43
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
European auto manufacturers have significantly reduced the environmental impact of vehicle production
in recent years.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are organic solvents mainly emitted from paintshops. The graph shows
the VOC emissions per car produced and the emissions of all passenger car manufacturers taken together.
With new technologies such as water-based paints that replace solvent-based paints, manufacturers have
been able to reduce emissions by 14.3% per vehicle.
VOC Emissions per Vehicle Produced
Absolute VOC Emissions
4.5
4.0
3.5
70
3.0
60
2.5
50
2.0
40
1.5
30
1.0
20
0.5
10
0
kg/unit
Source: ACEA
0
2005
2007
thousand tons
2005
2007
Source: ACEA
What our industry delivers
44
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Energy Consumption 2.80
42.00
2.70
40.00
2.60
38.00
36.00
2.50
-6.5
%
34.00
2.40
32.00
2.30
30.00
Million MWH
2.20
2005
2006
Energy Total (Million MWH/year) |
2007
MWH
As cars are equipped with more and more
features to make them safer and more
environmentally-friendly, the complexity of
production increases as well, with negative effects
on energy demand. However, manufacturers
constantly work on improving energy efficiency.
As a result, energy consumption per vehicle
produced has decreased by 6.5%.
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
44.00
note Energy per unit produced (MWH)
The figures include direct and indirect
energy consumption, i.e. from on-site and external energy suppliers.
Source: ACEA
CO2 Emissions
13.00
0.88
12.00
0.87
11.00
0.86
10.00
0.85
9.00
-5.0%
8.00
0.84
0.83
7.00
0.82
6.00
0.81
5.00
0.80
Million tons
2005
CO2 Emissions Total Million (t/year) |
Source: ACEA
2006
2007
CO2 Emissions per unit produced (t)
CO2 emissions per vehicle produced decreased
by 5%, mostly through efficiency increases,
and somewhat helped by a warm winter in
2007. Differences in the trends on energy
consumption (previous graph) and CO2
emissions have to do with changes in the energy
mix available at the different production sites.
tons
note As for energy, the figures include direct
and indirect emissions, i.e. from on-site and external energy suppliers.
What our industry delivers
45
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
The amount of waste per vehicle went down
4.8%, thanks to efforts by the manufacturers
to reduce waste.
Waste (excluding scrap metal) note Scrap metal, which is recycled and then used as a
secondary raw material, is not included.
2.1
0.17
-0.8%
1.9
0.16
1.7
0.15
1.5
0.14
-4.8%
1.3
1.1
0.13
0.9
0.12
0.7
0.11
0.5
0.10
Million tons
2005
Waste total (t/year) |
2006
2007
tons
Waste per unit produced (t)
Source: ACEA
What our industry delivers
46
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
Alternative fuels and energies
A wide variety of alternative fuels
exists in the EU. They should be used
to reduce emissions and decrease our
dependency on fossil fuels.
Biofuels can significantly contribute to overall CO2 emission reductions.
The vehicle technology is known and cost-efficient.
FlexFuel vehicles can run on 85% ethanol and 15% conventional petrol.
The auto industry has made a commitment that as of 2010 all new models will be compatible with E10/B7.
Gas in the form of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) can contribute to
reducing emissions today.
Plug-in hybrid vehicles will become available in more varieties and European manufacturers are
advancing extended-range and battery electric car technology as well.
Future hydrogen-powered cars will emit mainly water vapour.
What our industry delivers
47
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
Building an infrastructure
To be successful, alternative fuel
and energy technologies need
to be affordable, easy to use
and widely available.
For biofuels, the future lies with so-called second generation biofuels, and their introduction should be
encouraged:
– they are likely to be better compatible with existing vehicles;
– they are produced from different raw materials such as agricultural waste material or wood.
The vehicle technology is known but the availability of these fuels and their infrastructure is still lacking.
To fully benefit from the advantages of plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles, electricity will have
to become increasingly drawn from renewable sources. The electricity infrastructure will have to be
adapted and extended. A positive policy framework, including fiscal incentives, is needed to stimulate the
uptake of the electric vehicles.
Filling stations for gas and hydrogen should be more widely spread.
What else is key
48
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
Consumer awareness and market incentives
The choices that consumers make will be
essential to meet fuel efficiency standards and
CO2 emissions objectives.
When purchasing a car, consumers weigh many
criteria: from safety and design to reliability and
fuel consumption.
Building awareness about sustainable mobility
will be key; as is the broad encouragement to
accept and use new technologies.
CO2-related vehicle taxation can help create
consumer demand for fuel-efficient technologies
and alternative fuels.
What else is key
49
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
Intelligent transport management
Substituting 50% of current traffic lights with dynamic systems for a better traffic flow can save
2.4 million tonnes of CO2 per year.
Better cooperation of transport modes and removing barriers to cross-border haulage can reduce
CO2 emissions significantly.
What else is key
50
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
The policy framework
Driver
Behaviour
Eco-driving can
improve fuel economy
by up to 20%.
Over 50 CO2-cutting technologies
have been introduced, and the flow
of innovative eco-technologies will continue.
Vehicle
Technology
Alternative
Fuels
Infrastructure
& Logistics
Cars, Trucks and the Environment
Vehicle technology alone will not be enough to make mobility
sustainable – a partnership of industries, governments
and customers is required.
CO2-related taxation
creates consumer
demand for fuel-efficient
vehicles and
alternative fuels.
CO2-related
Taxation
Alternative fuels and renewable
energies can significantly contribute
to overall CO2 emission reductions.
Better cooperation of transport modes
and removing barriers to cross-border haulage
can reduce CO2 emissions significantly.
What else is key
51
european
a u t o m o bi l e
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
a s s o ci at io n
Key figures
Key figures
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
The European automobile industry...
Jobs
Growth
Innovation
The automotive industry
Europe is the world’s largest vehicle
Automobiles are highly complex
At least
12 million families
depend on automotive employment
2.3 million direct jobs
and another 10.4 million
with
producer with an output of
over
15 million passenger cars,
vans, trucks and buses per year,
or
25% of worldwide
vehicle production.
and innovative products.
The ACEA members invest annually
26 billion in R&D,
5% of their turnover.
over € or
Total automotive R&D investments,
in directly related manufacturing
including those from suppliers,
and other sectors.
are even higher. The auto industry
Key figures
is a formidable employer in Europe.
is the largest private investor
in R&D in Europe.
55
k e y f ig u r e s
... the “engine of Europe”
Made
in Europe
The
16 major car, truck
and bus manufacturers in Europe
operate
183 vehicle assembly
and engine production plants
in
19 Member States, often
sustaining the economic fabric of
complete regions and cities.
Sustainable
Global Scope Mobility
The automotive industry
Cars, trucks and buses are
is a leading EU export sector
the source of everyday mobility and
with a net trade contribution
transportation, fuelling economic
30 billion.
of almost € activity, social life and cultural
Leading in high-quality products,
exchange. European manufacturers
the industry sells
are leading in environmental and
and produces vehicles
safety technologies and are a
in all major world markets.
driving force behind the sustainable
mobility concepts of the future.
56
t h e a u t o m o bi l e i n d u s t r y p o c k e t g u i d e
Key figures
2009
2009
2009
2009
2007
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2007
61.7 Mn units
15.2 Mn units
47.5 Mn units
13.9 Mn units
756 Bn EUR
60.5 Mn units
15.8 Mn units
50.1 Mn units
14.1 Mn units
46% Share
3.5 Mn people
2007
2008
2008
2007
2009
2009
2009
2008
2008
2008
2009
12.6 Mn people
536 Bn EUR
26 Bn EUR
155.4 Bn EUR
53.8 Bn EUR
25.2 Bn EUR
28.6 Bn EUR
268.9 Mn units
234.1 Mn units
470 per 1,000 inhab.
427.4 Bn EUR
= 25% of worldwide MV production
= 29% of worldwide PC production
= 26% of worldwide MV registrations/sales
= 28% of worldwide PC registrations/sales
= 10% of EU manufacturing industry
= 6% of EU employed population
=5% of turnover
= 9% of manufacturing sector
Key figures
Production Total Motor Vehicles (Worldwide)
Total Motor Vehicles (EU27)
Total Passenger Cars (Worldwide)
Total Passenger Cars (EU27)
Production value
New Registrations Total MV (Worldwide)
Total MV (EU27)
Total Passenger Cars (Worldwide)
Total Passenger Cars (EU27)
Diesel (Western Europe)
Employment Automotive manufacturing (EU27)
Total automotive employment
(manufacturing & services)
Turnover
ACEA members
R&D Investment
ACEA members
Value Added
EU27
Exports
Extra-EU27
Imports
Extra-EU27
Trade Balance
MV in use (Parc) Total Motor Vehicles
(EU27) Passenger Cars
Motorization rate (cars)
Tax Revenue from Motor Vehicles = 4% of EU15 GDP
Source: ACEA, VDA, AAA, Global Insight, Eurostat
57
european
a u t o m o bi l e
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
a s s o ci at io n
Employment
Employment
key figures
Employment
Over 12 million families depend on the automobile industry in Europe
Automobile Sector: Direct and Indirect* Employment | 2007
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY (PRODUCTION OPERATIONS)
›Automobile manufacturing
›Bodywork, trailers, caravans
›Equipment and accessories
(NACE dm341)
(NACE dm342)
(NACE dm343)
2.3 Mn Jobs
CLOSELY RELATED MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES
›Manufacture, retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres and tubes
(NACE dh2512)
›Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements
(NACE dk2914)
›Manufacture of cooling and ventilation equipment
(NACE dk2923)
›Manufacture of computers and other information processing equipment
(NACE dl3002)
›Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers
(NACE dl311)
›Manufacture of electrical equipment for engines and vehicles (not elsewhere reported) (NACE dl3161)
1.2 Mn Jobs
12.6 Mn Jobs
(NACE g501)
(NACE g502)
(NACE g503)
(NACE g505)
TRANSPORT
›Road transport (passengers and freight)
(NACE i602)
4.2 Mn Jobs
Trade
›Sale and distribution of motor vehicles
›Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles
›Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories
›Retail sale of automotive fuel
4.9 Mn Jobs
Taxation
Based on Eurostat data - 2007
AUTOMOBILE USE
* Indirect employment data does not report employment in raw material sector (e.g. steel, aluminium, glass, etc.),
textile, driving schools, licensing activities, vehicle testing, vehicle insurance and financing, etc.
61
employment
Automotive Employment put into Perspective
EU automotive employment = 12.6 Mn
Automotive non-manufacturing = 9.1 Mn
Automotive manufacturing = 3.5 Mn
Based on Eurostat data – 2007
Manufacturing employment related to the automotive sector
Total automotive employment (manufacturing & sevices)
EU employment non-automotive,
non-manufacturing = 180.4 Mn
EU Manufacturing
employment non-automotive = 31.0 Mn
3.5 Mn people
12.6 Mn people
= 10.2% of total employment in EU manufacturing
= 5.6% of EU employed population
EU27 total population
493.5 Mn people
EU27 total employment
224.1 Mn people
EU27 employed population in manufacturing sector
Based on Eurostat data, 2007; ILO data 2007
62
34.5 Mn people
= 15.4% of total employed population
Employment
key figures
Direct Automotive Employment by Country | 2007
Units - in thousands
900
848
800
700
600
500
400
169
166
155
135
100
122
85
76
64
56
45
34
23
23
10
7
7
4
3
3
2
1
1
AT
NL
PT
SI
FI
DK
IE
BG
EL
EE
LT
LV
0
DE
FR
IT
UK
ES
PL
CZ
SE
SK
RO
HU
BE
Trade
255
200
Each direct job creates at least another 5 related jobs
Taxation
Based on Eurostat data – 2007
300
63
employment
Employment* by Mode of Transport | 2007
Total Transport 9.2 Mn
Passenger Transport
21.3% (2.0 Mn)
Road Transport
Based on Eurostat data – 2007
53.4% (5 Mn)
Freight Transport
32.2% (3.0 Mn)
Railways 9,4%
Air Transport 4,4%
Sea Transport 2,0%
Inland Water Transport 0,5%
Pipelines 0,1%
Travel Agencies & Tour Operators 5,3%
Other Auxiliary Transport Activities 24,8%
* Employment in companies whose main activity lies in the transport mode concerned
64
Production
Production
european
a u t o m o bi l e
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
a s s o ci at io n
key figures
Passenger Car Production - International Comparison | 1999 – 2009
Units
36.2%
15,000,000
Production
18,000,000
33.3%
36.8%
29.5%
12,000,000
9,000,000
19.6%
20.8% 20.4%
Source: OICA - 2010
6,000,000
3,000,000
5.9%
7.9%
EU
14.5%
14.9%
14.5%
NAFTA
8.5%
7.0%
6.7%
Japan
South Korea
BRIC
0
1999
2004
2009
Passenger Car Production Worldwide | 2009
Source: OICA – 2010
EU
NAFTA
Japan
South Korea
BRIC
Total World
Volume
% share
13,944,054
29.5%
4,010,893
8.5%
6,862,161
14.5%
3,158,417
6.7%
15,722,536
33.3%
47,227,656
100%
67
P r o d u c t io n
The EU produces 33 vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants
Motor Vehicle Production per 1,000 inhabitants | 2009
120
100
104
93
85
80
64
60
Production per 1,000 inhabitants
Source: Eurostat; ACEA – 2010
48
47
40
33
23
20
18
18
17
14
14
12
9
5
2
NL
FI
0
SI
CZ
SK
DE
BE
ES
FR
EU
68
32
PL
HU
UK
SE
IT
RO
PT
AT
key figures
Automobile assembly & engine production plants in Europe
Plants
AT
EU
Austria
6
BIH
Extra EU
Bosnia Herzegovina
1
BE
Belgium
9
BY
Belarus
3
BG
Bulgaria
1
KZ
Kazakhstan
1
CZ
Czech republic
11
RS
Serbia
2
DE
Germany
47
RU
Russia
27
EE
Estonia
ES
Spain
FI
Plants
1
TRTurkey
16
15
UAUkraine
5
Finland
2
UZUzbekistan
1
FR
France
38
HU
Hungary
IT
Italy
Netherlands
NL
PL
Poland
16
PT
Portugal
5
RO
Romania
4
SE
Sweden
15
SI
Slovenia
1
SK Slovakia
UKUnited Kingdom
6
20
9
Countries
Plants
Total
27
297
EU
19
16
Countries
Plants
Total
25
208
EU
19
183
acea members
Production
Overview
3
32
69
P r o d u c t io n
Motor Vehicle Production in the EU by Country | 2009
Source: Source: ACEA - 2010 (National Automobile Associations)
TOTAL
15,714
71,714
AUSTRIA
56,000
BELGIUM
510,300
CZECH REPUBLIC
967,760
FINLAND
FRANCE
1,821,734
198,847
25,145
4,036
2,049,762
GERMANY
4,964,523
148,145
89,403
7,786
5,209,857
HUNGARY
180,500
1,670
370
182,540
ITALY
661,100
158,089
23,046
1,004
843,239
NETHERLANDS
50,620
24,340
1,641
76 601
POLAND
819,000
54,864
4,822
879,186
PORTUGAL 101,680
22,172
84
126,015
ROMANIA
279,320
16,990
188
296,498
SLOVAKIA
461,340
461,340
SLOVENIA
202,570
SPAIN
EUROPEAN UNION *
2,650
10,907
1,812,688
11,750
760
522,810
1,091
3,068
974,569
64
2,079
10,179
10,971
212 749
331,131
25,707
552
SWEDEN
128,738
18,000
9,600
156,338
UNITED KINGDOM
999,460
80,206
9,003
1,470
1,090,139
13,944,054
1,019,613
245,640
35,109
15,244,416
* Double countings are deducted from the totals
70
2,170,078
key figures
Commercial vehicle production trend
Units
Production
Commercial Vehicle Production in the EU | 1990-2009
Percentage
3,000,000
+30.0
+20.6%
+17.3%
+10.2%
+2.2%
-1.0%
2,000,000
+20.0
+13.2%
+7.5%
+2.3%
-3.3%
-3.3%
-7.7%
+3.8%
+3.3%
+3.8%
+10.0
+5.4%
+0.0
-5.2%
-6.0%
-10.0
-20.0
-23.5%
Source: ACEA – 2010
1,000,000
-30.0
-47.5%
-40.0
-50.0
0
-60.0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Volumes
% change year-on-year
71
P r o d u c t io n
Passenger car production trend
Passenger Car Production in the EU | 1990-2009
Units
Percentage
18,000,000
+15.0
+12.4%
+10.0
+8.8%
+3.8%
12,000,000
+2.0%
+2.9%
+5.6%
+4.3%
+3.1%
+1.1%
+1.9%
+0.2%
-3.2%
-1.2%
+5.0
+1.3%
+0.0
-0.9%
-1.2%
-5.0
-6.7%
Source: ACEA – 2010
6,000,000
-12.6%
-15.1%
-15.0
0
-20.0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Passenger Car Production Worldwide | 1999-2009
Units
Percentage
+8.0
+6.0
+4.0
+2.0
+0.0
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
-8.0
-10.0
-12.0
+6.2%
50,000,000
+3.7%
+3.8%
+5.2%
+6.5%
+6.6%
+1.5%
-0.9%
Source: OICA – 2010
40,000,000
-3.4%
30,000,000
-10.5%
20,000,000
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2003
2004
2005
60,000,000
+4.2%
72
-10.0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2006
2007
2008
2009
Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy,
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia
% change year-on-year
key figures
30% of passenger cars are produced in the EU
Source: OICA – 2010
8.5% NAFTA
6.7%
S. Korea
14.5% Japan
Brazil
5.5%
22.0% China
India
4.6%
Others
3.4%
Asia-Others
3.3%
Russia
1.3%
Europe / Others
1.2%
29.5% EU
Production
World Passenger Car Production (% share) | 2009
World Motor Vehicle Production (% share) | 2009
Source: OICA – 2010
13.0% Japan
S. Korea
5.8%
14.4% NAFTA
Brazil
5.2%
22.6% China
India
4.3%
Asia-Others
4.1%
Others
3.5%
Europe / Others
1.6%
Russia
1.2%
25.0% EU
73
Registrations
Registrations
european
a u t o m o bi l e
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
a s s o ci at io n
key figures
Europe represents a market of over 15 Mn new vehicles per year
Source: ACEA – 2010
EU 26.1%
Asia 39.6%
America North & South 27.2%
Other
Registrations
Motor Vehicle Registrations Worldwide | 2009
7.1%
One of four new vehicles in the world is sold in the EU
77
r e gis t r at io n s
Motor Vehicle Registrations in the EU by Country | 2009
Source: ACEA – 2010 (National Automobile Associations)
78
AT
319,403
25,567
4,805
654
350,429
LU
47,265
2,927
870
209
51,271
451,887
TOTAL
TOTAL
BE
476,194
51,250
8,358
979
536,781
NL
387,679
51,286
11,834
1,088
BG
22,869
2,836
932
176
26,813
PL ²
320,119
41,652
10,064
953
372,788
CZ
161,659
19,427
4,760
775
186,621
PT
160,996
38,906
3,213
628
203,743
DK
112,271
15,271
3,261
314
131,117
RO
115,979
15,445
2,160
883
134,467
EE
8,234
941
225
59
9,459
SK
74,717
15,709
1,664
671
92,761
FI
90,574
8,677
3,173
592
103,016
SI
55,712
5,239
758
126
61,835
FR
2,268,671
372,575
36,174
7,432
2,684,852
ES
952,772
106,669
12,137
2,644
1,074,222
DE
3,807,175
169,376
67,196
5,612
4,049,359
SE
213,408
27,413
5,519
1,173
247,513
EL
220,548
14,549
1,872
1,012
237,981
UK
1,994,999
186,818
34,746
7,989
2,224,552
EU ¹
14,116,052 1,375,856
237,451
37,533
15,766,892
HU
78,590
11,655
2,729
177
93,151
IE
57,460
9,267
1,103
170
68,000
IT
2,158,010
181,274
19,087
3,055
2,361,426
IS
2,020
262
47
8
2,337
LV
3,745
428
297
70
4,540
NO
98,675
23,504
4,098
1,160
127,437
LT
7,003
699
514
92
8,308
CH
266,018
22,148
4,319
610
293,095
366,713
45,914
8,464
1,778
422,869
14,482,765 1,421,770
245,915
39,311
16,189,761
EFTA
EU + EFTA
¹Data for Cyprus and Malta not available
² Sales figures
key figures
New Car Registrations per 100 inhabitants | 2009
10.0
9.4
9.0
Registrations
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.7
4.4
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.0
3.2
2.8
2.7
2.3
2.3
New Car Registrations per 100 inhabitants
Source: ACEA – 2010
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.2
EE RO BG
LT
LV
0.0
LU DE BE
AT
* EU27, data for Cyprus and Malta n.a.
IT
FR CH
UK
EU 15
SI
EU 27*
NL
SE
ES DK NO EL
FI
CZ
PT
SK
IE
PL
HU
IS
EU 10
79
r e gis t r at io n s
Market Share of New Passenger Cars | 2008 – 2009
Source: ACEA – 2010 (National Automobile Associations)
Percentage
30 %
2008
25 %
2009
20 %
15 %
10 %
5 %
0 %
DE
FR
IT
UK
ES
BE
NL
PL
AT
EL
SE
CZ
PT
RO
DK
FI
SK
HU
SI
IE
LU
BG
EE
LT
In many markets, 2009 new car registrations were supported by temporary fleet renewal schemes
as part of crisis relief measures
80
LV
key figures
Trend in new EU car registrations
New Car Registrations in the EU | 1990-2009
Percentage
Units
+5.9%
Source: ACEA – 2010, based on AAA data
15,000,000
-0.0%
14,000,000
+5.2%
+6.3%
+7.2%
+4.9%
+10.0
+5.0%
+5.0
+3.8%
+1.1%
+1.0%
+0.6%
-2.1%
-2.7%
13,000,000
-0.6%
-1.2%
-1.2%
Registrations
16,000,000
+8.0%
+0.0
-5.0
12,000,000
-8.0%
-10.0
11,000,000
10,000,000
-15.0
-17.0%
9,000,000
-20.0
8,000,000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
New Passenger Car Registrations
% change year-on-year
81
r e gis t r at io n s
Trend in new EU commercial vehicle registrations
New Light Commercial Vehicle Registrations in the EU | 1997-2009
Units
Percentage
2,500,000
Source: ACEA 2010, based on AAA data
+13.1%
+9.0%
2,000,000
+9.5%
+5.6%
+5.7%
+3.0%
-2.8%
1,500,000
-2.5%
+0.4%
-2.7%
-9.7%
1,000,000
500,000
-29.5%
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
+20.0
+15.0
+10.0
+5.0
+0.0
-5.0
-10.0
-15.0
-20.0
-25.0
-30.0
-35.0
LCV - Light Commercial Vehicle < 3.5t (incl. light buses)
% change year-on-year
2009
New Heavy Commercial Vehicle Registrations in the EU | 1997-2009
Units
Percentage
Source: ACEA 2010, based on AAA data
500,000
82
+16.5%
+20.0
+12.7%
400,000
+9.5%
+2.5%
-3.7%
+6.1%
+6.4%
+10.0
+6.5%
-1.2%
+0.0
-2.6%
-10.0%
300,000
-10.0
-20.0
200,000
-30.0
100,000
-44.4%
0
-40.0
-50.0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Commercial Vehicle > 3.5t
% change year-on-year
key figures
Vehicle sales develop in relation to economic growth
New Passenger Car Registrations in the EU and GDP
New PC Registrations – EU
EU GDP
+4.5
+3.5
+2.5
14,000,000
+1.5
13,000,000
-0.5
+0.5
Registrations
15,000,000
GDP Growth (%)
New PC Registrations (units)
Source: AAA, ACEA, DG ECFIN
16,000,000
-1.5
12,000,000
-2.5
-3.5
11,000,000
-4.5
10,000,000
-5.5
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
New Commercial Vehicle Registrations in the EU and GDP | 1990-2009
New CV Registrations – EU
EU GDP
+4.5
+3.5
2,500,000
+2.5
2,300,000
+1.5
2,100,000
-0.5
+0.5
GDP Growth (%)
New CV Registrations (units)
Source: AAA, ACEA, DG ECFIN
2,700,000
-1.5
1,900,000
-2.5
-3.5
1,700,000
-4.5
1,500,000
-5.5
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
83
r e gis t r at io n s
A closer look at consumer demand
New Car Registrations by Segment in the EU15+EFTA | 2006-2009
2009
Small
Lower Medium
Upper Medium
Executive
Units
600,000
2008
Small
Lower Medium
Upper Medium
Executive
600,000
500,000
400,000
2007
Small
Lower Medium
Upper Medium
Executive
300,000
200,000
2006
Small
Lower Medium
Upper Medium
Executive
100,000
0
jan
feb
mar
apr
may
New Cars sold in Europe* by Segment | 2009-2010
june
jul
aug
sept
oct
nov
dec
New Cars sold in Europe* by Segment | 2009
Units
50%
40%
2008
2009
Small 40.5%
Lower Medium 23.5%
Upper Medium 11.9%
30%
MPVs
9.7%
20%
SUVs
8.2%
10%
Luxury
3.3%
Others
2.9%
0%
Others
Luxury
SUVs
MPVs
Upper Lower
Medium Medium
Small
*2009; EU27, Norway and Switzerland, excluding Luxembourg
84
More information on trends in new car characteristics at http://www.acea.be/index.php/news/news_detail/trends_in_new_car_characteristics/
key figures
The drive towards fuel efficiency
Demand for Cars ≤ 120 gCO2/km | 1995-2009
Units
3,500,000
3,233,549
2,500,000
2,039,810
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,419,388
1,000,000
839,488
958,591
904,845
2004
2005
1,008,992
+59%
583,614
500,000
0
Registrations
Source: AAA figures for the EU15
3,000,000
2
0
813
20,339
88,174
159,384
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
306,514
2001
2002
2003
2006
2007
2008
2009
CO2 Emissions from New Cars | 1995-2009
Source: AAA figures for the EU15
80%
Trend in new car CO2 emissions (g/km)
39%
35%
30%
31%
30%
24%
22%
17%
161+
16%
11%
9%
27% 25%
23% 25%
27% 26%
140-121
3%
1995
160-141
120 and less
2006
2007
2008
2009
85
r e gis t r at io n s
Most new cars have a diesel engine
Diesel Penetration in the EU15+EFTA (% of new cars registered) | 1990-2009
Source: AAA figures for the EU15+EFTA
% share
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Diesel Penetration in the EU15+EFTA by Country (% of new cars registered) | 1990-2009
% share
80
70
Source: AAA figures for the EU15+EFTA
60
86
50
40
30
20
10
0
BE
LU
NO
FR
ES
PT
IE
FI
AT
DK
IT
UK
EU15
+
EFTA
More information on trends in new car characteristics at http://www.acea.be/index.php/news/news_detail/trends_in_new_car_characteristics/
SE
IS
DE
CH
NL
EL
2009
key figures
New passenger car registrations – the global view
Market Shares | 2009
2009 % share
Europe
16,576,725
EU
EFTA
14,116,052
28,2%
-11,1%
14,331,792
-1,5%
366,837
0,7%
408,207
-10,1%
Russia
1,465,917
2,9%
2,897,459
-49,4%
Turkey
369,819
0,7%
305,998
20,9%
0,5%
Europe-Others
258,100
America 1
16,091,990
699,800
-63,1%
32,1% 19,101,002
-15,8%
NAFTA
12,613,177
25,2%
15,849,054
-20,4%
10,402,215
20,7%
13,194,741
-21,2%
3,478,813
6,9%
3,251,948
7,0%
3,008,742
6,0%
2,670,991
12,6%
33,2% 13,763,033
21,0%
of which USA
Mercosur
of which Brazil
Asia
Source: ACEA 2010
2008 % change
33,1% 18,643,256
16,656,815
Japan
3,923,740
7,8%
4,227,643
-7,2%
South Korea
China 1,225,000
2,4%
1,034,387
18,4%
8,380,870
16,7%
5,692,049
47,2%
India
1,815,205
3,6%
1,545,342
17,5%
Asia-Others 2
1,312,000
2,6%
1,263,612
3,8%
Others 3
819,674
1,6%
965,006
-15,1%
50,145,204 100,0% 52,472,297
-4,4%
Total World
Europe
Europe-Others
Turkey
Russia
EFTA
EU
Others
33.1%
America 32.1%
0.5%
0.7%
2.9%
0.7%
28.2%
Nafta 25.2%
1.6%
USA 20.7%
Mercosur
6.9%
Brazil
6.0%
Asia 33.2%
Japan 7.8%
South Korea 2.4%
China 16.7%
India 3.6%
Asia-Others3 2.6%
Registrations
passenger cars
1. Including Light Commercial Vehicles
2. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand
3. Australia, New Zealand, South Africa
87
r e gis t r at io n s
New motor vehicle registrations – worldwide
Market Shares | 2009
motor vehicles
2009 % share
Europe
18,682,643
EU
EFTA
26,1%
16,730,630
-5,8%
422,869
0,7%
485,172
-12,8%
1,618,917
2,7%
3,366,415
-51,9%
Turkey
575,865
1,0%
526,544
9,4%
0,5%
298,100
America
16,493,364
782,100
-61,9%
27,2% 19,676,000
-16,2%
NAFTA
12,859,317
21,2%
16,238,514
-20,8%
10,601,901
17,5%
13,493,165
-21,4%
of which USA
Mercosur
3,634,047
6,0%
3,437,486
5,7%
of which Brazil
3,146,905
5,2%
2,825,716
11,4%
39,6% 19,709,185
21,7%
Asia
Japan
South Korea
Source: ACEA 2010
15,766,892
-14,7%
Russia
Europe-Others
88
2008 % change
30,9% 21,890,861
23,982,136
4,609,255
7,6%
5,082,235
-9,3%
1,445,000
2,4%
1,237,087
16,8%
China 13,644,794
22,5%
9,336,326
46,1%
India
2,263,887
3,7%
1,983,045
14,2%
Asia-Others 1
2,019,200
3,3%
2,070,492
-2,5%
Others 2
1,361,145
2,2%
1,598,505
-14,8%
60,519,288 100,0% 64,116,327
-5,6%
Total World
Europe
Europe-Others
Turkey
Russia
EFTA
EU
Others 2
30.9%
America 27.2%
0.5%
1.0%
2.7%
0.7%
26.1%
Nafta 21.2%
2.2%
1. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand
2. Australia, New Zealand, South Africa
USA 17,5%
Mercosur
6.0%
Brazil
5.2%
Asia 39.6%
Japan 7.6%
South Korea 2.4%
China 22.5%
India 3.7%
Asia-Others1 3.3%
Vehicles in Use
Vehicles in Use
european
a u t o m o bi l e
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
a s s o ci at io n
key figures
Cars in the EU are on average 8.2 years old
Average Car Age by Country | 2008
18.0
16.0
15.9
14.0
12.0
11.6
11.0
11.0
10.0
10.5
9.5
9.0
8.3
8.2
8.2
7.9
7.7
BELGIUM
AUSTRIA
6.9
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
LATVIA
SLOVAKIA
FINLAND
ESTONIA
GREECE
SWEDEN
PORTUGAL
FRANCE
GERMANY
Vehicles in Use
Source: ANFAC, ACEA – 2010
8.0
UK
EU*
Car Fleet* Composition | 2008
Source: ANFAC, ACEA – 2010
34.5% Cars > 10 years old
33.6% Cars ≤ 5 years old
31.9% Cars 5-10 years old
* for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, UK.
91
v e h ic l e s i n u s e
EU vehicle fleet composition
Source: Eurostat – 2010
EU Fleet by Vehicle Type | 2008
Cars 87.1%
Commercial Vehicles 12.6%
Buses & Coaches 0.3%
EU Passenger Car Fleet by Fuel Type | 2008
Source: ANFAC, ACEA – 2010
92
Gasoline 63.6%
Diesel 33.7%
Other 2.7%
key figures
EU vehicle fleet development
EU Car Fleet | 1993 – 2008
Units - in thousands
250,000
200,000
100,000
50,000
0
1993
1998
2003
2008
2003
2008
Vehicles in Use
Source: Eurostat – 2010
150,000
EU Commercial Vehicle Fleet | 1993 – 2008
Units - in thousands
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
Source: Eurostat – 2010
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1993
1998
93
v e h ic l e s i n u s e
Vehicle spread in the EU
Car Fleet by Country (in units and % share) | 2008
Units
45,000,000
17.7%
40,000,000
15.4%
35,000,000
13.3%
30,000,000
12.5%
25,000,000
9.5%
20,000,000
6.9%
15,000,000
Source: Eurostat – 2010
10,000,000
94
3.2%
2.2%
5,000,000
2.1%
1.9%
1.9%
1.8%
1.8%
1.7%
1.3%
1.2%
1.0%
0.9%
0.8%
0.7%
0.7%
0.4%
0.4%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
DK
IE
LT
SK
SI
LV
EE
CY
LU
MT
0
DE
IT
FR
UK
ES
PL
NL
BE
EL
CZ
PT
AT
SE
RO
HU
FI
BG
key figures
International comparison
Car Fleet (in Mn) | 2008
Units – in millions
250.00
234.08
150.00
135.52
100.00
57.93
50.00
32.02
25.74
21.88
CHINA
BRAZIL
0.00
EU*
USA
JAPAN
RUSSIA
12.48
9.85
S. KOREA
INDIA
* 27 countries included over the whole period
Vehicles in Use
Source: Eurostat, Global Insight
200.00
Car Fleet Growth (% change) | 1996-2008
% change
+30.0
+25.0
+20.0
+15.0
+10.0
Source: Eurostat, Global Insight
+5.0
+0.0
-5.0
-10.0
-15.0
EU*
China
USA
Japan
Russia
Brazil
South Korea
India
-20.0
1996
1997
1998
1998
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
95
v e h ic l e s i n u s e
Trends in motorisation
Car Density in the World (cars per 1,000 inhabitants) | 2008
500
470
454
444
400
Source: Eurostat, Global Insight
300
254
226
200
113
100
19
8
CHINA
INDIA
0
EU*
JAPAN
USA
S. KOREA
RUSSIA
BRAZIL
* 27 countries included over the whole period
Car Density in the EU (cars per 1,000 inhabitants) | 2008
700
667
601
600
557
555
514
500
513
507
504
499
498
483
477
475
470
462
458
446
439
400
423
422
415
413
412
381
311
300
305
285
Source: Eurostat
200
96
187
100
0
LU
IT
CY
MT
SI
AT
FI
DE
LT
FR
ES
BE
UK
EU
SE
NL
EL
IE
CZ
PL
PT
LV
EE
DK
BG
HU
SK
RO
Trade
Trade
european
a u t o m o bi l e
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
a s s o ci at io n
key figures
The EU automotive industry is a formidable exporter
EU Exports of Passenger Cars (in value)
North America 31.6%
EFTA & Eastern Europe 25.6%
Asia & Oceania 26.8%
Middle East 6.8%
South America & Caribbean 2.2%
Source: Eurostat, 2009
Trade
Africa 7.2%
99
TRADE
EU Motor Vehicle Trade (in € Mn)
Year 2008
Year 2009
% chg 09/08
Source: Eurostat
trade trade
trade
trade in value (¤Mn)importsexportsbalanceimportsexportsbalanceimportsexportsbalance
Passenger Cars
30,058
69,576
39,518
21,743
47,747
26,004
-27.7%
-31.4%
4,530
3,455
-1,075
2,567
1,881
-686
-43.3%
-45.6%
-36.2%
Commercial Vehicles (over 5t) + Buses & Coaches 1,196
6,767
5,571
866
4,136
3,270
-27.6%
-38.9%
-41.3%
35,784
79,798
44,014
25,176
53,764
28,588
-29.6%
-32.6% -35.0%
Light Commercial Vehicles (up to 5t)
total
-34.2%
EU Motor Vehicle Trade (in units)
Source: Eurostat
Year 2008
Year 2009
% chg 09/08
Source: Eurostat
trade in volume (units)importsexportsimportsexportsimportsexports
100
Passenger Cars
Light Commercial Vehicles (up to 5t) Commercial Vehicles (over 5t) + Buses & Coaches
total
3,004,033
5,786,073
2,273,745
3,437,543
-24.3%
425,056
341,152
245,470
225,464
-42.2%
-40.6%
-33.9%
20,638
207,918
14,942
143,956
-27.6%
-30.8%
3,449,727
6,335,143
2,534,157
3,806,963
-26.5%
-39.9%
key figures
Most imports to the EU come from Japan
Origin of most EU Passenger Car Imports (in € Mn)
2007
2008
2009
% chg 09/08
% chg 08/07
World
33,774
30,058
21,743
-27.7%
-11.0%
-35.6%
100.0%
Japan
12,030
10,821
7,896
-27.0%
-10.1%
-34.4%
36.3%
Turkey
4,206
3,676
3,193
-13.1%
-12.6%
-24.1%
14.7%
United States
6,395
6,036
2,990
-50.5%
-5.6%
-53.2%
13.8%
South Korea
6,691
3,945
2,607
-33.9%
-41.0%
-61.0%
12.0%
India
335
585
1,536
162.8%
74.7%
359.0%
7.1%
1,992
2,405
1,499
-37.7%
20.7%
-24.8%
6.9%
567
808
539
-33.4%
42.7%
-4.9%
2.5%
70
300
469
56.4%
327.5%
568.5%
2.2%
China
508
564
360
-36.1%
10.9%
-29.1%
1.7%
Switzerland
193
154
125
-19.1%
-19.9%
-35.2%
0.6%
Source: Eurostat
Mexico
Brazil
South Africa
Passenger Cars – Origin of EU Imports (in value) | 2009
India
7.1%
12.0% S. Korea
Mercosur
2.6%
14.7% Turkey
South Africa
2.2%
China
1.7%
Asia & Oceania-Others
1.0%
36.3% Japan
Efta
0.8%
0.2% Europe-Others
Africa-Others
0.2%
0.2% Middle East
Russia
0.2%
Others
0.2%
20.9% NAFTA
Source: Eurostat
% chg 09/07 % share in 2009
Trade
101
TRADE
Origin of most EU Passenger Car Imports (in units)
Source: Eurostat
2007
2008
2009
% chg 09/08
% chg 08/07
World
3,437,676
3,004,033
2,273,745
-24.3%
-12.6%
-33.9%
100.0%
Japan
965,891
867,496
643,155
-25.9%
-10.2%
-33.4%
28.3%
South Korea
651,335
446,552
350,259
-21.6%
-31.4%
-46.2%
15.4%
Turkey
385,727
411,567
313,660
-23.8%
6.7%
-18.7%
13.8%
India
119,630
99,540
265,558
166.8%
-16.8%
122.0%
11.7%
China
392,926
303,698
177,783
-41.5%
-22.7%
-54.8%
7.8%
United States
460,222
371,967
174,461
-53.1%
-19.2%
-62.1%
7.7%
Mexico
152,007
183,650
116,291
-36.7%
20.8%
-23.5%
5.1%
Taiwan
122,466
136,739
73,854
-46.0%
11.7%
-39.7%
3.2%
Brazil
63,798
53,084
47,216
-11.1%
-16.8%
-26.0%
2.1%
3,913
20,520
31,308
52.6%
424.4%
700.1%
1.4%
South Africa
Passenger Cars – Origin of EU Imports (in units) | 2009
30.0%
28.3
Source: Eurostat
20.0%
102
15.4
13.8
10.0%
11.7
7.8
7.7
5.1
3.2
2.1
1.4
TAIWAN
BRAZIL
S. AFRICA
0%
JAPAN
S. KOREA
TURKEY
INDIA
CHINA
USA
MEXICO
% chg 09/07 % share in 2009
key figures
Car shipments to the USA represent over a quarter of EU car exports (in value)
Main Destinations of EU Passenger Car Exports (in € Mn)
2007
2008
2009
% chg 09/08
% chg 08/07
71,025
69,576
47,747
-31.4%
-2.0%
-32.8%
100.0%
24,754
20,550
12,708
-38.2%
-17.0%
-48.7%
26.6%
China
3,345
4,610
5,470
18.7%
37.8%
63.5%
11.5%
Switzerland
4,324
4,365
3,841
-12.0%
0.9%
-11.2%
8.0%
Japan
4,121
3,256
2,670
-18.0%
-21.0%
-35.2%
5.6%
Russia
6,659
8,790
2,538
-71.1%
32.0%
-61.9%
5.3%
Turkey
2,835
2,808
2,047
-27.1%
-1.0%
-27.8%
4.3%
Norway
2,703
2,192
1,854
-15.4%
-18.9%
-31.4%
3.9%
Canada
2,094
2,085
1,792
-14.1%
-0.4%
-14.4%
3.8%
Australia
2,101
2,188
1,576
-28.0%
4.1%
-25.0%
3.3%
South Africa
1,603
1,026
948
-7.6%
-36.0%
-40.9%
2.0%
South Korea
975
912
802
-12.1%
-6.5%
-17.7%
1.7%
World
Source: Eurostat
United States
Passenger Cars – Destination of EU Exports
6.8% Middle East
11.5% China
12.0% EFTA
Source: Eurostat
31.6% NAFTA
0.8% Others
1.4% Mercosur
1.7% South Korea
(in value)
% chg 09/07 % share in 2009
| 2009
Japan
5.6%
Russia
5.3%
Africa-Others
5.2%
Asia & Oceania
4.7%
Turkey
4.3%
Europe-Others
4.0%
Australia
3.3%
South Africa
2.0%
Trade
103
TRADE
About 16% of exported cars set sail to the USA
Main Destinations of EU Passenger Car Exports (in units)
Source: Eurostat
2007
2008
2009
% chg 09/08
% chg 08/07
5,069,862
4,854,618
3,438,246
-29.2%
-4.2%
-32.2%
100.0%
United States
988,449
875,953
544,506
-37.8%
-11.4%
-44.9%
15.8%
Iran
202,537
390,955
350,131
-10.4%
93.0%
72.9%
10.2%
Switzerland
244,539
234,076
200,328
-14.4%
-4.3%
-18.1%
5.8%
Russia
533,780
675,312
177,550
-73.7%
26.5%
-66.7%
5.2%
China
100,480
136,566
173,135
26.8%
35.9%
72.3%
5.0%
Turkey
225,785
223,463
169,275
-24.2%
-1.0%
-25.0%
4.9%
Japan
213,709
161,750
112,448
-30.5%
-24.3%
-47.4%
3.3%
Belarus
100,963
119,212
111,852
-6.2%
18.1%
10.8%
3.3%
Norway
153,320
124,422
111,329
-10.5%
-18.8%
-27.4%
3.2%
Mexico
64,012
58,635
104,900
78.9%
-8.4%
63.9%
3.1%
Canada
90,609
103,466
86,565
-16.3%
14.2%
-4.5%
2.5%
World
Destination of EU Passenger Car Exports (in units) | 2009
20.0%
15.0%
15.8
10.2
Source: Eurostat
10.0%
104
5.8
5.0%
5.2
5.0
4.9
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.5
JAPAN
Norway
Belarus
MEXICO
Canada
0%
USA
iran
Switzerland
RUSSIA
CHINA
TURKEY
% chg 09/07 % share in 2009
key figures
A closer look at imports of all vehicle categories
Origin of most EU Motor Vehicle Imports
(in units)
Source: Eurostat
2007
2008
2009
% chg 09/08
% chg 08/07
World
3,830,315
3,449,727
2,577,123
-25.3%
-9.9%
-32.7%
100.0%
Japan
988,418
894,298
658,331
-26.4%
-9.5%
-33.4%
25.5%
Turkey
621,373
716,977
497,074
-30.7%
15.4%
-20.0%
19.3%
South Korea
655,421
452,354
352,540
-22.1%
-31.0%
-46.2%
13.7%
India
121,276
102,124
266,958
161.4%
-15.8%
120.1%
10.4%
China
393,769
305,310
227,019
-25.6%
-22.5%
-42.3%
8.8%
United States
469,366
382,498
179,546
-53.1%
-18.5%
-61.7%
7.0%
Mexico
152,046
183,689
116,301
-36.7%
20.8%
-23.5%
4.5%
Taiwan
122,555
136,754
73,855
-46.0%
11.6%
-39.7%
2.9%
Brazil
68,698
58,382
49,594
-15.1%
-15.0%
-27.8%
1.9%
South Africa
25,092
35,321
38,779
9.8%
40.8%
54.5%
1.5%
30.0%
| 2009
25,5
19,3
20.0%
13,7
Source: Eurostat
(in units)
Trade
Origin of EU Motor Vehicle Imports
% chg 09/07 % share in 2009
10.0%
10,4
8,8
7
4,5
2,9
1,9
1.5
MEXICO
TAIWAN
BRAZIL
S. AFRICA
0%
JAPAN
TURKEY
S. KOREA
INDIA
CHINA
USA
105
TRADE
A closer look at exports of all vehicle categories
Main Destinations of EU Motor Vehicle Exports (in units)
Source: Eurostat
2007
2008
2009
% chg 09/08
% chg 08/07
5,642,020
5,403,265
3,804,561
-29.6%
-4.2%
-32.6%
100.0%
United States
997,593
882,134
547,340
-38.0%
-11.6%
-45.1%
14.4%
Iran
203,075
391,475
350,611
-10.4%
92.8%
72.7%
9.2%
Switzerland
268,413
259,625
221,096
-14.8%
-3.3%
-17.6%
5.8%
Russia
609,721
735,978
192,820
-73.8%
20.7%
-68.4%
5.1%
Turkey
258,557
256,330
187,133
-27.0%
-0.9%
-27.6%
4.9%
China
103,541
138,146
175,039
26.7%
33.4%
69.1%
4.6%
Norway
177,437
146,063
123,735
-15.3%
-17.7%
-30.3%
3.3%
Belarus
109,411
128,884
119,430
-7.3%
17.8%
9.2%
3.1%
Japan
213,999
161,838
112,527
-30.5%
-24.4%
-47.4%
3.0%
Mexico
90,819
70,014
109,030
55.7%
-22.9%
20.1%
2.9%
World
Destination of EU Motor Vehicle Exports
(in units)
| 2009
20.0%
15.0%
14,4
Source: Eurostat
10.0%
106
9,2
5.8
5.0%
5,1
4,9
4,6
TURKEY
CHINA
3.3
3.1
3.0
2,9
Norway
Belarus
JAPAN
MEXICO
0%
USA
iran
Switzerland
RUSSIA
% chg 09/07 % share in 2009
european
a u t o m o bi l e
m a n u fa c t u r e r s
a s s o ci at io n
Taxation
Taxation
key figures
17 Member States levy CO2-related taxation on cars
In 2010, seventeen EU Member States levied CO2-related taxes on
passenger cars. Fifteen governments provided tax incentives for
electrically chargeable vehicles. In 2009, total motor vehicle taxes
in the EU15 amounted to €427 billion or 3.9% of GDP.
The European car industry supports the further introduction of the
fiscal incentives to promote fuel efficiency. Tax measures are an
important tool in shaping consumer demand towards fuel-efficient
cars, and help create a market for breakthrough technologies, notably during the introduction phase.
The environmental results of the tax incentives in the EU may be
negatively influenced by the widely varying systems in each country.
The European car industry urges EU governments to show more
resolve in harmonising car taxation schemes.
The car industry advocates a linear system, in which tax levels are
directly proportionate to the car’s CO2 emissions and every gramme
of CO2 is taxed the same. Car tax schemes should neither include nor
exclude specific technologies and be budget neutral in end-effect.
CO2– related car taxation is applied in: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg,
Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, the
United Kingdom.
Taxation
Incentives for electrically chargeable vehicles are provided in all
Western European countries with the exception of Italy and Luxembourg. The Czech Republic and Romania take the total number of
Member States with these incentives up to fifteen.
109
Ta x at io n
Fiscal Income from the Motor Vehicles in the EU* | 2008
AT
€ bn
BEDKDE
ES
FR
EL
IE
IT
NL
PT
FI
€ bnDKK bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
€ bn
0.084 18.460
1.607
1.200
SEUK
€ bn SEK bn
£ bn
Purchase or transfer
Source: ACEA – 2010
1.VAT on vehicles, servicing/
repair parts, tyres
3.054
n.a.
27.100
4.957 13.186
n.a.
1.272 15.000 12.830
1.431 19.100
2.871
7.184
0.721
0.783
Second-hand vehicle sales
0.081
2.200
0.062
0.586
0.094
Services and repair + tyres
1.637
4.470
5.416
0.730
Accessories and spare parts
0.905
1.330
2.Fuels & Lubricants
5.523
6.073 15.000 39.930 16.815 34.735
3.115
2.651 33.460
9.867
3.700
3.284 50.000 24.510
3.Sales & registration taxes
0.530
0.358 24.300
1.043
1.888
0.843
1.121
1.230
3.271
1.175
1.018
Annual ownership taxes
1.510
1.401
1.296
0.996
1.057
6.470
3.079
0.080
0.637 11.850
5.380
–
0.070
2.024
9.627
8.840
2.636
Driving license fees
0.007
0.010
0.092
Insurance taxes
0.320
0.462
3.570
0.739
Tolls
1.300
2.096
0.413
Customs duties
0.093
0.480
Other taxes
0.589
0.750
TOTAL
EURO
0.570
3.933
4.230
9.484
1.250
N.A.
N.A.
12.263 16.091 51.436 107.780 31.594 79.143
5.675
16.1
6.9
107.8
31.6
0.040
–
1.435
12.3
0.355
–
79.1
5.7
GRAND TOTAL = € 427.4 BN
*no data available for other EU Member States
110
2.510
New vehicle sales
0.177
4.600
0.501
5.130 69.700 19.932
5.1
69.7
19.9
0.260
3.350
0.125
0.090
6.370
6.4
7.250
3.710
6.471 87.450
46.500
6.5
8.2
52.2
key figures
Source: ACEA – 2010
Share of VAT in Net Price of the Car
Denmark
Hungary
Sweden
Finland
Poland
Belgium
Greece
Ireland
Lithuania
Latvia
25 %
22 %
21 %
Austria
Germany
Bulgaria
Netherlands
Czech Republic
Romania
Estonia
Slovakia
Italy
Portugal
Malta
UK
Spain
Cyprus
Luxembourg
Slovenia
France
20 %
19.6 %
19 %
18 %
17.5 %
16 %
15 %
AT BE BG CY CZDK EE FI FRDE EL HU
IE
IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SK
SI ES SEUK
EU minimum rates
Unleaded Petrol 442 614 350 299 505 571 423 627 607 655 410 444 543 564 380 434 462 459 714 391 583 348 515 499 425 540 617
359 Diesel
330 347 353 307 245 431 386 393 364 428 470 302 360 449 423 330 274 310 352 421 302 364 293 368 432 331 451 617
Taxation
Source: ACEA – 2010
Excise Duties on Fuels in € / 1,000 litres
111
AT Austria
LT Lithuania
BE Belgium
LU Luxembourg
BG Bulgaria
LV Latvia
CH Switzerland
MT Malta
CY Cyprus
NL Netherlands
CZ Czech Republic
NO Norway
DE Germany
PL Poland
DK Denmark
PT Portugal
EE Estonia
RO Romania
EL Greece
RS Serbia
ES Spain
RU Russia
FI Finland
SE Sweden
FR France
SI Slovenia
HU Hungary
SK Slovakia
IE Ireland
TR Turkey
IS Iceland
UA Ukraine
IT Italy
UK United Kingdom
Europe EU27 + EFTA
EFTA Iceland + Norway + Switzerland
NAFTA USA + Canada + Mexico
BRIC Brazil + Russia + India + China
Mercosur Argentina + Brazil + Paraguay + Uruguay
ASEAN Brunei + Indonesia + Malaysia
+ Philippines + Singapore
+ Thailand + Vietnam
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States:
Armenia + Azerbaijan + Belarus
+ Kazakhstan + Uzbekistan
+ Tajikistan + Kyrgyzstan + Moldavia
+ Ukraine + Russia
Cars
PC Passenger Cars
Vans
LCV Light Commercial Vehicles + minibus / coaches 3.5t
Trucks
CV MCV + HCV
MCV Medium Commercial Vehicles > 3.5t but 16t
HCV Heavy Commercial Vehicles > 16t
Buses + Coaches
B&C Buses > 3.5t
Motor Vehicles
MV Cars + Vans + Trucks + Buses & Coaches
Sport Utility Vehicles
SUV off-road passenger cars (4X4)
PM particulate matter
CO carbon monoxide
NOx nitrogen oxides
CO2 carbon dioxide
Mn
g
tkm
GCW
Bn billion
t
tonne
pkm passenger-kilometre
GPD gross domestic product
EC European Commission
CAFE Clean Air for Europe
EEA European Environment Agency
OECD Organisation for Economic
Cooperation and Development
AAA Association Auxiliaire de l’Automobile
VDA Verband der Automobilindustrie
OICA Organisation Internationale
des Constructeurs d’Automobiles
million
gramme
tonne-kilometre
gross combined weight