resolution - Centre for Global Sustainability Studies (CGSS)

RESOLUTION:
KELANTAN FLOOD DISASTER
MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE 2015
Dewan Utama, Universiti Sains Malaysia,
Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan
14-16 February 2015
EDITED BY:
KAMARULAZIZI IBRAHIM
KANAYATHU CHACKO KOSHY
NOOR ADELYNA MOHAMMED AKIB
RADIEAH MOHD NOR
NORMALIZA ABDUL MANAF
SHARIFAH NURLAILI FARHANA SYED AZHAR
MARLINAH MUSLIM
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©Centre for Global Sustainability (CGSS) 2015
All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
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and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Centre for Global Sustainability Studies
(CGSS), Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Published by
Centre for Global Sustainability Studies (CGSS)
Level 5, Hamzah Sendut Library
Universiti Sains Malaysia
11800 USM Pulau Pinang,
Malaysia
http://cgss.usm.my
Email: [email protected]
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FOREWORD
The floods in Kelantan which occurred in December 2014 had a massive impact on people,
properties, agriculture, livestock, infrastructure facilities such as roads, railroads, electricity,
telephone, water and food supply. This disaster also caused adverse effects on the mental and
physical health of the flood victims. In response to this, Universiti Sains Malaysia has committed a
lot of time and resources to provide assistance in terms of health care, energy and water supply,
financial support and volunteer backing to the flood victims and other care giving organizations
to lighten the burden of the people in Kelantan.
While it is difficult to prevent natural hazards, the disaster they are capable of creating, however,
can be reduced by enhancing the resilience of people and the environment through risk reduction
measures. With this idea in mind, USM in collaboration with Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
(UMK), Federal Development Department of Kelantan (JPPK) and the State Secretary Office of
Kelantan (SUK) took the initiative to organise a stakeholder meeting, the Kelantan Flood Disaster
Management Conference 2015. The main objective of this conference was to explore ideas and
sustainable solutions for post-flood rehabilitation and work together for the development of the
State. The conference brought together 500 participants consisting of experts in various fields,
agencies and institutions of government and non-governmental organisations, academia and
the victims themselves. Participants gathered and discussed five (5) major flood related issues,
social, infrastructure, economy/production, environment/cross-cutting and framework/policy.
Each issue was discussed considering the events before, during and after the disaster using the
five pillars of the disaster management cycle (prevention, preparedness, response and recovery,
governance) highlighted in the Disaster Risk Management for Sustainable Development (DRMSD) model which was developed by the Centre for Global Sustainability Studies (CGSS), USM.
We believe that the different ideas that emerged during the conference when acted upon will
develop resilience and improve the lives of the vulnerable people.
The conference has produced a total of 225 possible solutions as presented in this report. These
recommendations can be implemented by all the stakeholders, including the federal and state
governments, agencies, NGOs, educational and research centres in order to reduce the impact
of disasters, leading to sustainable development. I hope this resolution will be beneficial to all
parties involved, and with this little effort we are blessed by Allah SWT.
PROFESOR DATO’ DR. OMAR OSMAN
Vice Chancellor
Universiti Sains Malaysia
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TABLE OF CONTENT
FOREWORD
THE RESOLUTION
1. Prevention
2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
5. Governance
CONFERENCE BACKGROUND
Introduction
Basic Theory of Implementation
On Town Hall-World Café
CONFERENCE OUTPUT
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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THE RESOLUTION:
In accordance with the Kelantan’s Flood Disaster Management Conference 2015 that was held
on the 14th-16th February 2015 at Dewan Utama, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian
(Kelantan), had agreed to:​
1. Adopt a flood disaster management framework based on four pillars (Prevention,
Preparedness, Response and Recovery) as suggested by the HYOGO Framework and further
enhanced using the Disaster Risk Management for Sustainable Development (DRM-SD)
model developed by the Centre for Global Sustainability studies (CGSS), Universiti Sains
Malaysia.
2. Integrate Governance as an additional pillar into DRM-SD of USM to demonstrate its
importance in disaster management. Governance is defined as anything that has to do with
the management of the four pillars mentioned above.
3. Using the five pillars, consider the flood relevant sectors and sub-sectors as follows :
A. Social
i. Health
ii. Housing
iii. Education
iv. Marginalised community
B. Infrastructure
i. Transportation
ii. Potable water
iii.Energy
iv. Waste Management
C. Economy
i. Industry
ii.Business
iii. Agriculture/Livestock/Fisheries
iv. Volunteerism
D. Environment
i.Biodiversity
ii. Drainage
iii. Land use
iv. Delivery system
E. Framework
i. Standard Operation Procedure (SOP)
ii. Development
iii. Climate Change
iv. Finance
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The following are the recommendations under the five pillar areas and the agency responsible
in shown in bracket.
4.
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Prevention
4.1. Relocate facilities to an identified and upgraded safe area in order to comply with the
flood risk management requirements (Ministry of Health).
4.2. Create National Satellite Operation Room (Ministry of Health, National Security
Council, all stakeholders).
4.3. Organise outreach programmes (All stakeholders).
4.4. Avoid development in flood prone areas and designs housing that are resilient and
effective to flood (Malaysia Civil Defence Department, Fire & Rescue Department of
Malaysia).
4.5. Conduct flood training/simulation preparation amongst educators (Ministry of
Education, Malaysian Public Works Department, Housing Developers, State Education
Departments, Schools).
4.6. Conduct programmes/workshops on disaster at school level, for volunteers (Ministry
of Education, State Education Departments, Schools).
4.7. Provide profiling and data bank for marginalised community (Head of villages,
community leaders, Social Department of Social Welfare, Jabatan Kemajuan Orang
Asli and Security Community).
4.8. Conduct Cleanliness Campaign especially near drainage system, river, waterways, etc
(Municipal Council).
4.9. Create a comprehensive database on Disaster Prone Areas (National Security
Councils, All stakeholders).
4.10. Maintain drainage system (Department of Irrigation and Drainage).
4.11. Develop an inventory assessment of the impact of flooding (Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment, State Authorities, Forest Research Institute Malaysia,
Forestry Department, Universities, Research Institutions, Schools , Malaysian Public
Works Department).
4.12. Organise awareness program on floods and biodiversity (Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment, State Authorities, Forest Research Institute Malaysia,
Forestry Department, Universities, Research Institutions, Schools , Malaysian Public
Works Department).
4.13. Establish Nursery and Seed Bank for special plant species for rehabilitation purposes at
flood prone areas (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, State Authorities,
Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Forestry Department, Botanic Garden).
4.14. Establish training and SOP for “Animal response” and also provide an area for livestock
evacuation (Department of Wildlife and National Parks).
4.15. Establish a database of species / reports / status maintenance / distribution using GIS,
bioinformatics (Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Forestry Department).
4.16. Establish supervisions and management team of animal and strengthen NGO
engagement for wildlife protection (Department of Wildlife and National Parks,
Non-Governmental Organization, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment,
Ministry of Agriculture, Universities).
4.17. Expand the plantation of mangrove estuaries according to the mangrove zonation
habitats (State Government, Department of Environment, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment, Universities).
4.18. Train response team. (Malaysia National Security, Department of Agriculture,
Lembaga Pertubuhan Peladang, Village Development and Security Committee).
4.19. Establish a database of all state assets that can be mobilized, coordinated and
monitored the movement / used during crisis / disaster at the Command Centre
(National Security Council, Royal Malaysia Police, Malaysian Fire and Rescue
Department, Civil Defence Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Department of
Public Works, Water Authorities, Department of Social Welfare).
4.20. Provide more NGOs/private delivery services at Corporate Social Responsibility,
CSR (National Security Council, Ministry of Health, Universities, Non-Governmental
Organization). Identify and prepare a landing zone or helipad in critical areas
prepared at evacuation centres (Land and Mines Office, Department of Agriculture,
City Planning Department)
4.21. Set up a permanent warehouse logistics at the state level to keep all essential
commodities during floods (Secretary State Office @ SUK, Local Authorities).
4.22. Provide a list of provisions and equipment / requirements that need to exist at any
time in the central evacuation centres (storing supplies such as food, drink clean
water and mobile placement). (National Security Council).
4.23. Gather the materials according to the classification (electronic, print materials,
furniture). (Community, Schools, Institution).
4.24. Install an integrated flood warning system aimed specifically at health staff and identify
officers responsible for declaring disasters (Ministry of Health and all stakeholders)
4.25. Provide Traffic Management Plan (TMP) (Malaysian Road Transport Department,
Malaysian Police Department).
4.26. Provide disaster kit at accessible areas (National Security Council, Social Department
of Social Welfare, all stakeholders).
4.27. Set up alternative routes and communications (Social Department of Social Welfares,
Fire and Rescue Department, Malaysian Defence Department, Police).
4.28. Identify and select flood-free locations (Meteorological Department, Malaysian
Mapping Department, State Government, National Security Council)
4.29. Enhance disable-friendly facilities, equipment for, elderly, pregnant ladies, etc (Local
Authorities, Department of Social Welfare).
4.30. Register the location of hazardous substances with appropriate authorities so that it
can be secured as soon as possible (Department of Environment).
4.31. Increase rescuer expertise through training (Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia,
Malaysia Civil Defence Department).
4.32. Provide communication tools that do not require regular electricity charge and have
long battery life or can be charged using solar power. (National Security Council,
Non-Governmental Organization, Telekom Malaysia, Malaysian Communications and
Multimedia Commission, Tenaga Nasional Berhad).
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4.33. Keep an up-to-date directory for those involved in the rescue work (National
Security Council, Volunteers Department Malaysia @ RELA, Education Department,
Department of Public Works, Non-Governmental Organization, Malaysian Armed
Forces, Village Development and Security Committee).
4.34. Identify high, secure and gazetted areas as a collection point during an emergency
(Malaysian National Security Council, Local Authorities, Volunteers Department
Malaysia @ RELA, Non-Governmental Organization, Malaysian Armed Forces,
Ministry of Rural and Regional Development). Establish Integrated constantly revised
SOPs, training to all departments / agencies / NGOs involved (Malaysian National
Security Council).
4.35. Establish SOP for special procurement & distribution of finance, special expenses
during disasters (Ministry of Finance).
4.36. Establish a management committee of NGOs and government agencies (National
Coordinating Council, All stakeholders).
4.37. Supply continuous and safe electricity supply during flooding - generator capacity
needs to be upgraded (Tenaga Nasional Berhad).
4.38. Establish programs to increase awareness and empowerment of local communities
to help themselves before, during and after the events (National Security Council,
National Volunteer Council).
4.39. Create workshops and basic courses PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) (National
Security Council, Ministry of Health, Non-Governmental Organisations).
4.40. Improve natural disaster insurance policy enforced by the Government e.g.
diversifying insurance policy to accommodate damages/health problem caused by
flood (Federal Government, Local Authority).
4.41. Establish policies and action plans to protect watershed, river basin, flood plains and
river mouths (Department of Irrigation and Drainage).
4.42. Establish engineered approaches such as dredging, building embankments, levees,
dams, outflow channels, constructed wetlands and inundation ponds (Department of
Irrigation and Drainage).
4.43. Establish automated weather stations at the watershed, and real-time river water
monitors (Meteorology Department).
4.44. Create integrated computer models for flood scenario generation (Department
of Irrigation and Drainage, Meteorology Department, Mineral and Geosciences
Department).
4.45. Establish an Assessment and zoning (flood maps) of vulnerable areas (Department of
Irrigation and Drainage, Meteorology Department).
4.46. Conduct river improvement work (Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Department
of Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment).
5. Preparedness
5.1. Provide staff with the latest database of flood information (National Security Councils,
All stakeholders).
5.2. Provide drill on facing flood disaster (National Security Councils, All stakeholders).
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5.3. Ensure the tools of inventory needed for disaster is always in the state of readiness
(All stakeholders).
5.4. Allocate yearly funding for disaster readiness (All stakeholders, Ministry of Finance/
Head of Departments, National Security Council, Ministry of Works, Malaysian Armed
Forces, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency, Royal Malaysia Police, Department
of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Rural and Regional Development).
5.5. Expand the coverage of Government Integrated Radio Networking, GIRN (Ministry of
Finance, Telecommunication Companies, National Security Council).
5.6. Ensure the availability of power bank stocks supply for mobile phone in disaster
prone areas (Telecommunication companies, Federal Government).
5.7. Construct substation in appropriate area with wider coverage by Telco
(Telecommunication companies, State Government).
5.8. Enhance and revise the specifications and capacities of relevant equipment to
suit the disaster (Telecommunication companies, National Security Council, State
Government).
5.9. Ensure the availability of stand-alone electrical generator at appropriate location
enough to meet the needs and with adequate power capacities (State Disaster
Committee, Tenaga Nasional Berhad).
5.10. Build all utility plants on higher grounds (Air Kelantan Sdn. Bhd, Department of
Irrigation and Drainage, Water Authorities, Tenaga Nasional Berhad).
5.11. Provide rehabilitation centre equipped with safe tube wells and generators in
preparation for flood disaster (District Office, Department of Irrigation and Drainage,
Universities, Department of Social Welfare, Water Authorities).
5.12. Allocate flood evacuation sites on higher grounds (Department of Social Welfare,
Non-Governmental Organisations, District Office, National Security Council).
5.13. Prepare storage or coupon system for food and basic needs at flood evacuation
centres (All stakeholders).
5.14. Prepare checklist for disaster preparedness (National Security Council, Disaster
Committee, District Office).
5.15. Provide a centralized data bank without hardware using the latest server as practiced
in Japan. Data will be transmitted and stored automatically to the centralised database
(All stakeholders, Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management
Planning Unit)
5.16. Upgrade the telemetric system to get real time data and linking them to central
facilities for real time flood forecasting (Department of Irrigation and Drainage,
Federal Development Department, State Government, National Security Council).
5.17. Provide additional water tanks to meet consumer demands (Local Authorities, Water
Authorities, and Department of Environment).
5.18. Conduct river improvement work (Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Department
of Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment) Provide early
warning system for landslides (Malaysian Public Works Department).
5.19. Perform water sampling and early warning system at permanent sampling sites to
monitor water quality (Department of Environment).
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5.20. Provide fuel stockpiles and infrastructure (e.g. drums) at least for a week (Consumer).
5.21. Implement training during Emergency Food Pyramid (State Government, Universities).
5.22. Power-bank / battery provided mainly to workers at evacuation centre (State
Government, Malaysia National Security).
5.23. Relocate livestock at risk, chicken to provide safe place area (Farmers, Response
Team, Ministry of Agriculture).
5.24. Coordinate all resources under one central location and transport them to the
authorised Operations Room (National Security Council, Ministry of Health,
Universities, Non-Governmental Organizations).
5.25. Ensure sufficient oil supplies for rescue machinery in motion before the rainy
season. (Secretary State Office @ SUK /Ministry of Domestic Trade, Cooperative and
Consumerism/PETRONAS).
5.26. Move non-waterproof materials (books / wood furniture / electronics / clothing) to
higher ground (Ministry Of Education, Higher Education Institution).
5.27. Install roadblock (re-routing) and operator assistance where appropriate (Malaysian
Road Transport Department, Malaysian Police Department)
5.28. Install a benchmark that is easily understood (by vehicle type, e.g. such as colour
code and display) (Ministry of works, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, District
Officers, Head of Department, Local Authorities).
5.29. Establish a “back up operation centre” that can be accessed (Public Works Department)
5.30. Gather materials near to airports to ease access (National Security Council, All
stakeholder).
5.31. Transfer assets to higher and secure grounds (Ministry of Agriculture, farmers).
5.32. Identify the assembly area / height for vehicles (Ministry of Public Works, District
officers, Head of Department, Local Authorities).
5.33. Provide basic amenities in a safe area (Defence Department, Ministry of Defence).
5.34. Provide Shipping tankers to supply sufficient water in order to maintain continuous
water supply (District and Land Office).
5.35. Ship stocks of bottled water to evacuation centres immediately after adverse weather
(flood) forecasts from Meteorological Department. (District and Land Office).
5.36. Put all food aid at evacuation centres concerned to facilitate the sourcing of food
(District and Land Office).
5.37. Provide a list of provisions and equipment / requirements that need to exist at any
time in evacuation centres (storing supplies such as food, drink clean water and
mobile placement) (District and Land Office).
5.38. Create a special slot such as briefing on health and safety at the evacuation centres
(Fire and Rescue Department, Malaysian Defence Department, Police, Security Village
Development Committee, Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli, A Malaysian Armed Forces
and relevant agencies).
5.39. Identify all evacuation centres (Department of Social Welfare, Department of the
Prime Minister, Secretary State Office @ SUK, The Ministry of Communications
& Multimedia, Meteorology Department and The Malaysian Administrative
Modernisation and Management Planning Unit @ MAMPU).
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5.40. Identify those responsible for issuing instructions / information accurately (Department
of Social Welfare, Department of the Prime Minister, Secretary State Office @ SUK,
The Ministry of Communications & Multimedia, Meteorology Department and The
Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit @ MAMPU
@ MAMPU).
5.41. Manage systematic and centralised water distribution at the centres (Ministry of
Agriculture, Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs, Private Agencies, NonGovernmental Organizations, Village Development and Security Committee).
5.42. Establish medical evacuation teams and continuous database-dependent treatment
in hospital for example dialysis, chemotherapy (Ministry of Health Malaysia).
5.43. Identify suitable volunteers to enter the disaster area in phases, types and phases of
disaster (Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia).
5.44. Ensure volunteers received legal protection (Insurance Agency).
5.45. Establish evacuation centres and care of farm animals / pets during the temporary
placement (Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-Base
Industry Malaysia).
5.46. Supply canvas cage to fish breeder (Department of Fisheries Malaysia, Ministry of
Agriculture & Agro-Base Industry Malaysia).
5.47. Appoint a coordinator to help with borrowing & inventory of equipments in order to
avoid bureaucracy (District officers/ State secretary).
6. Response
6.1. Implement Triage System Coordination - red & yellow cases victims - be treated
at emergency department, green case victims - be treated at field hospital / clinic
in order to prevent disruption to the existing services (National Security Council,
Ministry of Health, Hospital/Health Centres, Ministry of Education/ Education Office).
6.2. Limit the capacity of flood victims in each evacuation centres (Social Department of
Social Welfares, Fire and Rescue Department, Malaysian Defence Department, Police,
Security Village Development Committee, Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli, Malaysian
Armed Forces and Non-Governmental Organizations).
6.3. Ensure the safety of the victims and the rescuers (e.g. From wild animals,
electrocution) (Fire and Rescue Department, Malaysian Defence Department, Police,
Security Village Development Committee, Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli, Malaysian
Armed Forces and Non-Governmental Organizations).
6.4. Establish a system with better information sharing between agencies involved
(Department of Social Welfare, Department of the Prime Minister, Secretary
State Office @ SUK, The Ministry of Communications & Multimedia, Meteorology
Department and The Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management
Planning Unit @ MAMPU @ MAMPU).
6.5. Provide regular media briefing to the public through various media channels during
disasters (Malaysian National Security Council).
6.6. Freeze leaves of all essential service providers (Head of Department).
6.7. Provide Mobile Tanker/Static Tank/Potable Water Treatment System/Supply of
mineral water (Municipal Council).
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6.8. Commandant/ state health director operations room authorized to decide the
evacuation process in critical condition (Ministry of Health Malaysia).
6.9. Monitor the safety of premises and properties (Royal Malaysian Police).
6.10. Provide a space / partition wall separating each family / gender in the evacuation
centres. Evacuation centres must also be equipped with the needs of the disabled/
elderly persons. (Local Authorities, Non-Governmental Organization, Department of
Irrigation and Drainage, Village Development and Security Committee, Department
of Water Supply).
6.11. Use electricity wisely in all evacuation centres (Tenaga Nasional Berhad @ TNB).
6.12. Improve existing child delivery room and equipments (Ministry of Health, Hospitals/
Clinics).
6.13. Give full power to rescue teams to vacate premises (National Security Council, District
officers).
6.14. Activate health teams from of t health officials in the vicinity to conduct investigation
and control of epidemic outbreaks in the locality (Malaysian National Security Council,
District officers, Ministry Of Finance, Ministry Of Health, Ministry of Education,
Department of Social Welfare, Public Works Department, Department of Irrigation
and Drainage, Tenaga Nasional Berhad @ TNB and Air Kelantan Sdn. Bhd @AKSB​).
6.15. Provide transportation for hospital and clinic staff. (Fire and Rescue Department,
Malaysian Armed Force).
6.16. Establish procedures to contact those parties who can provide transportation services
with immediate effect for example: helicopters operators, boats (National Security
Council, Public Works Department, Malaysian Armed Force).
6.17. Provide sufficient heavy vehicles to transport victims and assets, for example:
processing machine (Malaysian Public Works Department, Malaysian Maritime
Enforcement Agency, Fire and Rescue Department).
6.18. Build bailey bridge/s while waiting for the construction of permanent bridge/s
(Malaysian Public Works Department, State Government).
6.19. Install signboards and implement traffic management plan (State Government, Local
Authorities, Royal Malaysia Police).
6.20. Monitor and identify road safety and roadside slopes (Royal Malaysia Police).
6.21. Repair damaged roads immediately (Malaysian Public Works Department, State
Government).
7. Recovery
7.1. Plan the location of the facilities, re-position of institution’s assets (e.g. change the
position of computer lab, library, administrative offices, etc.) and replace damage
assets immediately (Ministry of Education, State Education Department, District
Education Department, School Administrator).
7.2. Appoint disaster committees and coordinate recovery efforts (Ministry of Education,
State Education Department, District Education Department, School Administrator).
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7.3. Establish a counselling program at evacuation centres regularly and apply the
concept of ‘pleasure / Qadha’ and Qadar ‘ in Islamic education and Moral (Officer
of Psychology, Counsellors, Teachers, Non-Governmental Organisations, Minister of
Education).
7.4. Train volunteers and agencies that are involved directly with victims and promote
volunteerism in general (Officers of psychology, Counsellors, Teachers, NonGovernmental Organisations, Public and Private Institutions​).
7.5. Identify outbreaks of infectious diseases, improve efficiency in detection and
notification of cases, be fast and efficient in cleaning up of waste debris caused
by flooding, and also in supplying treated water (Ministry of Health, Ministry of
Education, State Government).
7.6. Improve management of patient database, create SOP for transferring patients from
flooded area to a nearby hospital (Ministry of Health, Hospital, Clinic, Dialysis Centre).
7.7. Provide appropriate and separate treatment facilities to avoid overcrowding in wards
(Operation Room, Hospital, Schools).
7.8. Involve trained volunteers, medical personnel, psychiatrists, psychological experts
and counsellors for providing psychological help (Ministry of Health, Ministry of
Education, Department of Social Welfare).
7.9. Organise a team to clean the health premises (Fire and Rescue Department, Civil
Defence, State Government, Ministry of Health, State Health Department, Civil
Defence, Non-Governmental Organistions, Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning
Unit, Prime Minister Department, Local Authorities, Air Kelantan Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia
Armed Forces).
7.10. Recover documents and records immediately. Make sure there is a backup system
for health records (Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister Department, Ministry of
Finance, Ministry of Health).
7.11. Provide suitable employment opportunities for income and financial assistance at a
certain appropriate period and lasting livelihood for the long-term(Department of
Social Welfare, District Office, Ministry of Human Resources).
7.12. Supply clean water, medical supplies and vaccine (Ministry Of Health, Water
Authorities, Malaysian Public Works Department, Local Authorities, District Office,
Non-Governmental Organisations).
7.13. Prepare crisis plans ( intervention - counselling) (Private and Public Universities,
MERCY, KINDNESS, Department of Education, School Counsellor)​.
7.14. Support usage of Solar system that can provide supplementary power in the absence
of normal electricity supply ( this could also generate income through national
FIT (Feed in Tariff) system. (Private and Government Building, Ministry of Urban
Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government, Malaysian Public Works Department).
7.15. Install easily maintained individual water treatment plant / tube well enabling
households to get cheap, clean water sources (Private and Government Building,
Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government, Malaysian Public Works
Department).
7.16. Repair or replace damaged houses immediately to be stronger than before (State and
Central Government).
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7.17. Find the best housing model to be placed in the event of recovery (University and
Professional Bodies).
7.18. Relocate homes in appropriate and safe area for survivors, (State Government, Local
Authorities).
7.19. Defer loan payments up to a reasonable period (Bank, TEKUN, MARA, SME Bank).
7.20. Financial assistance / grants (MARA, Ministry Of Agriculture, SME Bank, Ministry Of
Finance, TEKUN).
7.21. Expedite capital injection or loan (Entrepreneurs, MARA, National Youth Training
Institute, Bank).
7.22. Station relevant bodies/agencies at relevant operation rooms during disaster in all
states (Public Works Department, Department of Social Welfare, Department of Civil
Aviation, State Secretary).
7.23. Strengthen enforcement of policies and law, especially land use regulations (Ministry
of Natural Resources and Environment, Land Office, Department of Irrigation and
Drainage, Malaysian Public Works Department, Department of Forestry).
7.24. Obtain funds from the Federal government (National Security Council, Federal
Development Department).
7.25. Identify stocks emergency supplies (National Water Services Commission, Water
Operators, Federal Development Department).
7.26. Practice equal and equitable delivery of food supply (to flood victims?) (NonGovernmental Organisations, Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority).
7.27. Restore farm and livestock centres (Government and Private Sectors, Department of
Agriculture).
7.28. Recycle / decompose damaged agricultural products (Department of Agriculture,
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Farmers, Government
Linked Corporation).
7.29. Maintain assets and equipment through community service (Institut Kemahiran
MARA, Community Colleges, Giat MARA, Vocational Colleges).
7.30. Coordinate a more systematic system among various sectors (Tenaga Nasional Berhad
@ TNB, Malaysian Public Works Department, and Local Authorities).
7.31. Repair / Replace TNB’s hardware equipment (Tenaga Nasional Berhad @ TNB).
7.32. Fast track technical assessment and open appointment to all accredited electrical
contractors (Energy Commission).
7.33. Create post-mortem report after every mission (Non-Governmental Organisations,
National Security Council, State Government).
7.34. Establish a plan of activities aimed at “moral support” and “ confidence boosting”
events (Non-Governmental Organisations and government agencies involved).
7.35. Establish a networking-based business (Business Owners, Partners).
7.36. Build new sites for temporary shelter. Example: transit shop houses / moving truck
(Tekun, SME, Amanah Ikhtiar, MARA).
7.37. Ease assistance for soft loans from the governments or agencies (Bank, Government
Agencies).
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7.38. Conduct motivational program / redevelopment / mentor with government (Chamber
of Commerce, MARA, SME Corporation​).
7.39. Redevelop drains and drainage systems and regular maintenance protocol
(Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Local authorities, Department of Town
Planning and Housing, Department of Works).
7.40. Secure special provision of short-term and long-term finances (Prime Minister
Department, Corporate contribution, RMK11, Economic Planning Unit).
7.41. Conduct water treatment process and physical refining (Department of Irrigation and
Drainage, Department of Environment, Air Kelantan Sdn. Bhd., Water Authorities).
7.42. Establish integrated and coordinated recovery system at the state and central level
(Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit, State
Government).
7.43. Prepare and allocate labours (Ministry of Works, Malaysian Administrative
Modernisation and Management Planning Unit, Local Authorities, Ministry Of
Finance).
7.44. Conform and improve MKN 20 (National Security Office, District Departments, District
Police Department).
7.45. Perform reforestation on all degraded land that meet international standards for
erosion control and sedimentation (All agencies involved, State Secretary, Economic
Planning Unit, Forestry Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment,
Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Federal Territories Director of Lands and
Mines Offices).
7.46. Reinstate and establish mechanisms in the implementation of land rehabilitation
act (Land Conservation Act). (All agencies involved: State Secretary, Economic
Planning Unit, Forestry Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment,
Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Federal Territories Director of Lands and
Mines Offices).
7.47. Engage all agencies involved in land use at state level to coordinate with Economic
Planning Unit (EPU). (All agencies involved: State Secretary, Economic Planning Unit,
Forestry Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Department
of Irrigation and Drainage, Federal Territories Director of Lands and Mines Offices).
7.48. Improve/identify current problems during the tragedy/new housing area/new
transfer centre (Federal Government and State Government).
7.49. Conduct more detailed research on all risk reducing and risk creating activities in
flood-critical areas (Higher Learning’s Institution, Government Agencies).
7.50. Increase river mitigation projects (Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Department
of Meteorology, Relevant Agencies, Local Communities).
7.51. Strengthen enforcement and conduct continuous monitoring (Road Transport
Department, Department of Environment).
7.52. Multiply the greening program to balance earth-climate change (Ministry of
Education, Department of Environment and all related bodies​).
7.53. Establish disaster prone construction e.g. school, homes (Malaysian Public Works
Department).
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7.54. Re-examine the land use policy with a view to protect the environment and people
(Department of Director General of Lands and Mines).
7.55. Innovative insurance policy that is accessible and affordable to vulnerable community
(Insurance companies).
7.56. Cost effective and win-win measures to protect utilities and land use should be
incorporated in national development strategies (Local authority, Department of
Director General of Lands and Mines).
8. Governance
8.1. Review the existing Act or establish new acts for the purpose of protection and
enforcement, for example Water act (revised 1989), Local Government Act 1976,
Environmental Quality Act 1974, Mining enactment in 1962, Drainage Works Act 1954,
Irrigation Areas Act 1953, National Land Code 1965 (Prime Minister’s Department).
8.2. Incorporate aspects of disaster in the 1998 National Biodiversity Policy (Department
of Environment).
8.3. Structure a new disaster management framework such as DRM-SD, strengthening the
current directive 20 implementation mechanism that includes development / finance
/ infrastructure / social) and can be used by all government agencies, private sector,
NGOs and the public. (Prime Minister’s Department, National Security Council).
8.4. Establish, implement and enforce an SOP in disasters management including the
relationship between the agencies (Prime Minister’s Department).
8.5. Establish SOPs for animal rescue response team (Department of Veterinary Services).
8.6. Provide a guideline for the activities of volunteers (Non-Government Organisation,
National Security Council, Prime Minister’s Department).
8.7. SOP guidelines for decision making at lower levels (sub-district / village / district)
during disasters (State and District Office, National Security Council).
8.8. Establish a national integrated information system. Information must be based on
scientific data, accurate and verified (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment,
Department Of Environment).
8.9. Establish a preschool education on environmental awareness and how to
handle disaster (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Department Of
Environment, Schools, Universities).
8.10. Establish a hub for centralized data interpretation (The Malaysian Administrative
Modernisation and Management Planning Unit @ MAMPU).
8.11. Establish basic standards of data storage / SOP (The Malaysian Administrative
Modernisation and Management Planning Unit @ MAMPU).
8.12. Provide early warning systems such as siren system at high-risk disaster areas (Local
Authorities).
8.13. Elect an enforcement officer to approve housing loans and municipal councils after
disaster (Local Authorities, Municipal Council).
8.14. Enforce regular monitoring by the authorities (Local Authorities).
8.15. Enforce participation at selected institutions for conservation policy disaster ‘task
force’ (National Security Council, Universities, Non-Governmental Organisations).
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8.16. Enforce State Government to give commitments in the conservation of biodiversity
such as serious enforcement implemented and inspected periodically on every
project (State Government, Department of Environment).
8.17. Appoint an executive council from the government to monitor the enforcement of
drainage system (Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Municipal Councils, State
Government).
8.18. Establish logistics requirements and rotation for health and medical staff on duty
(Hospital/Clinics).
8.19. Identify target group of skilled workers at evacuation centres (Non-Government
Organisations, National Security Councils).
8.20. Ensure preparedness training for disaster committee at the community level,
especially in the electricity aspects at least two months before the flood hit (Tenaga
Nasional Berhad @ TNB).
8.21. Improve the efficiency of solid waste management by local authorities through
ongoing discussions with local authorities from other states (Municipal Council, State
Government).
8.22. Promote maximum utilization of machines to reduce dependence on human labour
(Ministry of Human Resources).
8.23. Establish In-situ conservation area in each district (Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment, Department Of Environment).
8.24. Discuss institutional hierarchy of water supply (Municipal Council, Air Kelantan Sdn
Bhd).
8.25. Conduct a systematic management for logistics (Malaysian Public Works Department,
Malaysian Road Transport Department, District Offices, Municipal Council, Local
Authorities).
8.26. Conduct campaigns for environmental awareness in drainage (Department of
Irrigation and Drainage, Non-Government Organisations, State Government, Local
Communities, Universities, Schools) .
8.27. Create integrated HEALTH SOP that relates to crisis / disaster which involved multiple
agencies capable to operate in all situations (Ministry Of Health, National Security
Council).
8.28. Create uniformity in measures to create awareness (State and Federal government,
National Security Council, Non-Government Organisations).
8.29. Establish a system of information distributed from Malaysian Public Works
Department operations room to Disaster Operations Room Kelantan (Ministry of
Public Works, Malaysian Public Works Department, State Government).
8.30. Make regular media briefing to the public through various media channels during
disasters- (National Security Council, Media, State and Federal Government).
8.31. Launch the works for post-Flood disaster responsibility (Secretary of State).
8.32. Create special funds for disaster governance (Ministry Of Finance).
8.33. Establish guidelines that can be adopted by all agencies (minimised bureaucracy) (All
Stakeholders).
8.34. Increase provision for sustainable construction (Ministry of Public Works).
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8.35. Appoint community leaders to bring up the issues of drainage and irrigation to
elected representatives and members of parliament each year (Head of Villages,
District officers).
8.36. Make environmental issues / flooding a priority in every election campaign (All
Political Parties).
8.37. Create policies and procedures for financial disaster (small & big scale) (Ministry Of
Finance).
8.38. Create special provision for disaster training (National Security Council, NonGovernmental Organisations).
8.39. Create Financial Committee for disaster (Ministry Of Finance, National Security
Council).
8.40. Require NGO to provide Expenses and Income Statement /Contributions for disaster
(Non-Government Organisations, Ministry Of Finance).
8.41. List of incentives for volunteers must be formalised by Government e.g. free health
checks before and after the disaster (State and Federal Government, Ministry Of
Health).
8.42. Create fund for unforeseen disasters (Ministry Of Finance).
8.43. Approve and permit upgrading of existing roads (Ministry of Public Works, Malaysian
Public Works Department).
8.44. Create work orders / circulars under a government executive council to coordinate
and oversee the development and maintenance of drainage systems (Department of
Irrigation and Drainage, Municipal Council, State Government).
8.45. Place tighter restrictions in approving land title (Department of Director General of
Lands and Mines, State Government, Municipal Councils).
8.46. Impose nationwide ban of houses / buildings constructed in flood prone areas,
section 62 of the National Land Code to acquire land (Department of Director General
of Lands and Mines, State Government, Local Authorities, Municipal Councils).
8.47. Move development to safe zones e.g. development should be based on an
analysis taking into account factors of sea level and carefully conducted strategic/
environmental impact assessments (SEA/EIA) (Municipal Councils, Local Authorities,
Department of Environment).
8.48. Integrate existing research and provide funding to fill research gap in risk assessment,
vulnerability assessment, integrated computer model development for flood scenario
generation etc. (Federal Government, Universities, Ministry of Education, Department
of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of natural Resources and Environment).
8.49. Create a study for new sanitary landfill in accordance with the specifications
of Department of Environment. (Federal Government, Universities, Ministry of
Education, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment, Department Of Environment).
8.50. Upgrade the existing landfill and practice safe closure for troubled landfill (Municipal
Councils, Local Authorities).
8.51. Modify open dumping system to sanitary landfill (Municipal Councils, Local
Authorities).
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8.52. Prepare generator and water pump in the state (Tenaga Nasional Berhad, Air Kelantan
Sdn. Bhd. @ AKSB, Water Authorities).
8.53. Provide a reliable electrical supply e.g. Location of Main Intake Substation (PMU),
Main Distribution Substation (PPU) & Electrical Substation (PE) (Tenaga Nasional
Berhad @ TNB).
8.54. Any conflict between state and federal regulatory mechanism on river management
must be urgently addressed in an agreeable manner (State and Federal government,
Department of Irrigation and Drainage).
8.55. Create innovative insurance policy to alleviate community hardship (Insurance
companies).
8.56. Provide a reliable electrical supply e.g. Location of Main Intake Substation (PMU),
Main Distribution Substation (PPU) & Electrical Substation (PE) (Tenaga Nasional
Berhad @ TNB).
8.57. Any conflict between state and federal regulatory mechanism on river management
must be urgently addressed in an agreeable manner (State and Federal government,
Department of Irrigation and Drainage).
8.58. Create innovative insurance policy to alleviate community hardship (Insurance
companies).
CONFERENCE BACKGROUND
KELANTAN FLOOD DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE 2015
Introduction
Universiti Sains Malaysia in collaboration with Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan Federal
Development Department (JPPK) and the Office of the State Secretary of Kelantan has taken
the initiative to organise a stakeholder conference USM’se Health Campus, Kelantan, 1416 February, 2015. About 500 participants from Government Ministries, Agencies, Private
sector, Institute of Higher Learning, Government Departments, Media Reporters and NonGovernmental Organisations participated in the three-day meetings. The major objective of the
Conference was to ‘identify problems, propose solutions and recognise responsible agencies’
to lead implementation. Focusing on ‘Disaster Risk Management for Sustainable Development
(DRM-SD), the conference followed a ‘Key Note, Forum, Town Hall-World Café, Plenary’ format
to collect information, promote new ideas, facilitate discussion and to achieve the objective of
the conference.
Given the massive devastation caused by the flood to property, infrastructure, business,
environment, services and life, the Kelantan Flood Management Conference 2015 has addressed
issues under five (5) major sectors pertaining to the 2014 flood disaster:, social, infrastructure,
economic, environmental / ‘cross cutting’ and framework/policy. The detailed discussion during
the conference considered four (4) sub-sectors under these sectors.
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The conference was attended by experts and practitioners from local universities, ministries
and relevant agencies, and other public and private sector stakeholders, including flood victims
themselves. The experts presented papers in Key note sessions, conducted Forum discussion
exploring ways to enhance good governance that enables effective ‘preparedness’, efficient
‘response’, strengthened ‘recovery’ and tactical ‘prevention’ of future disaster risk reduction
(DRR). These five pillars were seen to be the essential components of any integrated disaster
management cycle that protects people, environment and promote sustainable development at
the same time. Every one of the 500 member strong participants were involved in discussions
addressing flood related issues, solutions and responsibilities in a creative ‘town hall-world café’
style. The major aim of the three-day conference was to produce a comprehensive document so
that collaboration and networking among federal and state governments, agencies, educational
and research centers could be strengthened and recommendations implemented. This approach
is expected to ensure sustainable management of future flood management resulting in the
overall e well-being of the people of Kelantan.
Basic Theory of Implementation
The following DRM-SD model developed by the Centre for Global Sustainability Studies (CGSS),
Universiti Sains Malaysia links all the DRM cycle components and clarifies the importance of
progressive risk reduction as the best option for disaster management within local and national
governance towards sustainability. The DRM-SD model (Figure 1) aims to reduce risk and build
resilience in the event of a disaster. Components in this cycle include prevention, preparedness,
response and recovery. These four pillars are bound by Governance which focuses on all
activities before, during and after a disaster. This model connects all disaster management cycle
components and explains the importance of a progressive risk reduction approach as the best
option for disaster management in local governance and country towards sustainability.
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Figure 1: Disaster Risk Management – Sustainable Development Model (DRM-SD)
On Town Hall-World Café
In the Town Hall concept, all participants were divided into 5 groups based on their expertise
and interests in the issue /topic (sectors/sub-sectors) discussed during the Forum. An appointed
specialist in the field ( Facilitator) led every Town Hall group . Ten (10) people were appointed as
facilitators and they moved to each Town Hall group to ensure that discussions were focused on
the five major components of DRM – ‘prevention’ (focus: the ‘agent’; objective: risk reduction
through mitigation), ‘preparedness’ (focus: ‘likely victims’; objective: vulnerability reduction
through adaptation), ‘response’ (focus: the ‘victims’; objective: emergency activities), ‘recovery’
(focus: the ‘public’; objective: sustainability) and ‘governance’ (focus: ‘make it happen’; objective:
creating an enabling environment). The interlinkages among the disaster management cycle
components are shown in Figure 2. The group discussions were compiled and presented to the
plenary session on the third day. This in turn was translated into the this RESOLUTION.
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Figure 2: Town Hall Implementation Basic Theory
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CONFERENCE OUTPUT
Participants
No of participants – 500
Bil
Participants
Number (maybe redundant)
1
Professors
47
2
Experts
175
3
Top Management
54
4
Government Servant
372
5
Academician
188
6
Non-Governmental Organisations
25
7
Students
50
8
Flood Victims
12
Involvement Cluster/Sectors
Involvement Clusters – 74
Bil
1
Cluster/Sectors
Number
Ministry
12
2
Agencies
7
3
Private
7
4
Institute of Higher Learning
17
5
Government Department
13
6
Media Reports
8
7
Non-Governmental Organisations
10
Conference Implementation
Bil
Implementation
Number
1
Keynote Speech
3
2
Panelist
20
3
Forum
5
4
Town Hall Groupings
40
5
Total hours of TV coverage
2
6
Total slot of live coverage
5
7
Number of slots in media reports
12
8
Number of exhibition
50
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CONCLUSION
The recommendations in this resolution originate directly from the presentations by the group
leaders on the final day of the conference. Under the five pillars of total disaster management
– prevention, preparedness, response, recovery and governance – are listed a total of 225
recommendations. These are presented here as endorsed by the Kelantan conference 2015
and no attempt has been made to classify them. Given the urgency to strengthen Disaster Risk
Management in view of the current trend towards increased frequency and severity in the impact
of disasters, some sort of prioritisation into short, mid and long-term would be useful. While all
recommendations are equally urgent in terms of implementation, this approach may be justified
only in terms of the time it would take for results to be obtained. While some recommendations
when implemented will have quick results, others might take longer as they may require large
investments or changes in policy. The approach followed during the entire discussion, on which
the resolution is based, was anchored on the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015, its
successor Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction to be endorsed in Sendai in March 2015 and the
Directive 20 of National Security Council, Malaysia. A Disaster Risk Management for Sustainable
Development (DRM-SD) methodology developed by Centre for Global Sustainability Studies,
Universiti Sains Malaysia provided the operational basis for connecting both risk reduction and
resilience building into one model while showing why hard-won development gains need not
be jeopardized by disasters after all. It is hoped that the recommendations in the Resolution
will help disasters managers, and the people alike in preparing and responding effectively to
disasters, preserving lives and livelihoods and preventing the effects of natural hazards from
negatively impacting development.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Universiti Sains Malaysia would like to express our appreciation and gratitude to those involved
either directly or indirectly in the realization of this resolution consequent from the discussions
and brainstorming in Kelantan Flood Disaster Management Conference 2015. We wish all our
efforts will be blessed by Allah SWT .
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