Education System Nigeria

Transcription

Education system
Nigeria
The Nigerian education
system described and
compared with the Dutch
system
Education system
| Evaluation chart
Education system Nigeria
This document provides information about the education system of Nigeria. It also
includes the Dutch comparison of qualifications obtained in Nigeria.
Except where expressly stated otherwise and with the exception of images and
illustrations, this publication is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) Licence. For more information about the reuse
of this publication please visit https://www.nuffic.nl/en/home/copyright.
Education system Nigeria | EP-Nuffic | 1st edition September 2009 | version 5, Januari 2015
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
L8
PhD
postgraduate
2-3
L7
Master
(university education)
1-2
undergraduate
Post Higher National Diploma
(polytechnic)
Bachelor
(university education)
L5
L6
1.5
L5
Higher National Diploma
(polytechnic)
2
National Diploma
(polytechnic)
4
UME
L4
L4
Nigeria Certificate of Education L4
(College of education)
2
3
MPCE
West African Examination Council (WAEC)/National Examination Council (NECO)
Senior School certificate
(senior secondary education)
L4
L3
3
Junior School Certificate
(junior secondary education)
L2
First School Leaving Certificate
(primary education)
L1
L0
Education level
0
Duration of education
3
6
Click here to view a sample of
the diploma
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
Evaluation chart
In the following chart, the left part lists foreign qualifications. The right part lists the Dutch
comparisons with corresponding levels in the Netherlands and European qualification
frameworks.
Degree or qualification
Dutch equivalent and NLQF level
EQF level
National Technical Certificate/National Commercial
mbo diploma (qualification level 3)
3
3
mbo diploma (qualification level 3 or 4)
3/4
3/4
(Ordinary) National Diploma
mbo diploma (qualification level 4)
4
4
Senior School Certificate ( WAEC)
havo diploma
4
4
HAVO diploma
4
4
2 years of hbo
5
5
Diploma
1 year of HBO
5
5
2 years of hbo
5
5
Nigerian Certificate in Education
1 year of hBo in education (teaching)
5
5
Bachelor of Education
HBO bachelor’s degree in education
6
6
6
6
hbo bachelor’s degree or 2 years of WO
6
6
Master
HBO master’s degree or WO bachelor’s
7
7
(2 years)
or master’s degree
Certificate
Advanced National Commercial Certificate/Advanced
National Technical Certificate
(at least 6 subjects with A, B or C or 1-6)
Senior School Certificate (NECO)
(at least 6 subjects with A or B or 1-4)
(State University)
Advanced Diploma
(State University)
(teaching)
Postgraduate Diploma in Education
at least an HBO bachelor’s degree in
education (teaching)
Bachelor
(4 years)
NB:
• The information provided in the table is a general recommendation from which no
rights may be derived.
• NLQF = Netherlands Qualifications Framework. EQF = European Qualifications
Framework.
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• The evaluation of a foreign qualification in terms of the EQF/NLQF does not
necessarily mean that all of the learning outcomes associated with these levels have
been achieved.
• Information on the Dutch equivalent qualifications is available in our Netherlands
Education System. See: http://www.nuffic.nl/en/library/education-systemnetherlands.pdf
• The information regarding international study programmes at VMBO and MBO level
is issued by SBB, the foundation for Co-operation on Vocational education, Training
and the Labour Market.
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
Introduction
The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a country in West Africa, and shares
borders with Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon. The country is divided into
36 states and one territory. The capital of Nigeria is Abuja, however its
largest city is Lagos.
In 1850 Nigeria came under British rule, but obtained its independency in 1960.
Nevertheless some influences of the British is still visible, particularly in the structure of
the education system. The Nigerian education system had steadily switched in 1982 to
the American system though the British examination system remained the same.
Over the past decades, Nigeria has been faced with frequent political instability. This
political unrest has generated as well negative effects on the education system. The
major challenges are the shortages of material and human resources for education: lack
of qualified teachers and brain drain from public sector. The government of Nigeria
therefore declared education as one of its priorities and has been working on the
education system to provide access to all levels of education and improve the quality and
efficiency of the entire system.
The responsibility for education institutions is shared between Federal, State, local
government, communities and private organisations.
The education policy in Nigeria is based on the National Policy on Education (NPE)
document of 1997 (last revised in 1990). The introduction of Universal Basic Education
within NPE made the first 9 years of primary education free. Education in Nigeria has
become compulsory up to age 15 years old. The language of the education in Nigeria is
English.
The academic year runs from October to July and is made up of 2 semesters, each 14-16
weeks long.
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
Primary and secondary education
Since the introduction of the Senior School Certificate in 1989, the Nigerian primary and
secondary education system consist of 6 years of primary education for children, 3 years
of junior secondary education and 3 years of senior secondary education. This is called a
6-3-3 system. As already mentioned education has been compulsory since 1999 for
children aged 6 to 15, i.e. for the duration of Primary and Junior Secondary Education.
These first 9 years are also referred to as Basic Education.
Primary Education
Primary education lasts 6 years (age group 6-12) and culminates in the First School
Leaving Certificate.
Junior and Senior Secondary Education
Secondary education is now divided into general secondary education and secondary
vocational education, and begins at the age of 12. After 3 years of Junior Secondary
School, the Junior School Certificate is awarded.
Diploma
:
Junior School Certificate
Age group
:
12-15
Duration
:
3 years
Since 1989 the Senior School Certificate has been granted by the West African
Examinations Council (WAEC), and since 1999 also by the National Examinations
Council (NECO). It is commonly assumed that the level of the NECO examinations is
lower than the examination run by the WAEC. Upon completion of the entrance
examination (University Matriculation Examination (UME), both diplomas grant access to
higher education.
The curriculum consists of six compulsory subjects: English, one of Nigerian languages,
mathematics, one of physics/chemistry/biology, one of English
literature/history/geography and either an agrarian or vocational subject. Students also
take three electives, one of which they can drop in their third year. In order to obtain the
Senior School Certificate, candidates must complete examinations for at least eight
subjects: the six compulsory subjects and two electives.
Diploma
:
Senior School Certificate
Age group
:
15-18
Duration
:
3 years
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In terms of level, the Senior School
Certificate issued by the WAEC, with a final
result of A, B, C or 1-6 for at least six
subjects, is comparable to a HAVO diploma
in the Netherlands.
In terms of level, the Senior School
Certificate issued by the NECO, with a final
result of A or B or 1-4 for at least six
subjects, is comparable to a HAVO diploma
in the Netherlands.
Secondary vocational education
Since 1995, the following diplomas have been awarded in secondary vocational
education: the National Technical Certificate (NTC), the National Commercial Certificate
(NCC), the Advanced National Technical Certificate (ANTC) and the Advanced National
Commercial Certificate (ANCC).
The examining body is the National Business and Technical Examinations Board
(NABTEB).
Diploma
:
National Technical Certificate/National Commercial Certificate
Age group
:
15 - 18
Duration
:
3 years
In terms of level, the National Technical
Certificate and the National Commercial
Certificate (formerly the City and Guilds of
London Institute Craft Certificate) are
comparable to an MBO diploma at
qualification level 3 or 4, depending on the
specialization.
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Diploma
:
Advanced National Technical Certificate/Advanced National
Commercial Certificate
Age group :
18 and over
Duration
1 year (preceded by at least 2 years’ work experience)
:
In terms of level, the Advanced National
Technical Certificate and the Advanced
National Commercial Certificate are
comparable to an MBO diploma at
qualification level 3 or 4, depending on the
specialization.

Admission to higher education
The Senior School Certificate, the General Certificate of Education - Ordinary and
Advanced Level, the (Ordinary) National Diploma and the Nigerian Certificate in
Education all grant access to higher education in Nigeria.
The Senior School Certificate also grants access to higher professional education upon
successful completion of the Monotechnics, Polytechnics and Courses in Colleges of
Education (MPCE) entrance examination.
Nigeria has a dual admissions system for university education. Nowadays, the General
Certificate of Education – Advanced Level with good results grants direct access to the
second year of a bachelor’s programme. The Higher National Diploma and the Advanced
Diploma, issued by state universities, also grant access to the second year of a
bachelor’s programme.
In all other cases, the entrance examination (the UME – University Matriculation
Examination) must be completed and a minimum score of 200-250/400 achieved in order
to be admitted to the first year of the bachelor’s programme.
The higher education admissions are arranged by the Joint Admissions and Matriculation
Board (JAMB), an institution that organizes both the MPCE and UME entrance
examinations.
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
Higher education
University education is provided by universities. There is a distinction between public
(including federal and state universities) and private institutions. Both public and private
universities are accredited by the National Universities Commission (NUC).
In the past, the quality of federal universities was assumed to be better than that of state
universities, due to the fact that individual states had the right to establish their own
universities without the need for national accreditation. Nowadays all universities are
monitored by the government, and states are no longer permitted to set up their own
universities. The purpose of this measure is to create a uniform level among all
universities.
Higher technical and professional education is mainly provided by specialist schools and
institutions such as Polytechnics, Institutions of technology, Colleges of Education and
Professional Institutions. Monotechnics provide education in the field of agriculture and
industry.

University education
No JAMB entrance examinations are required for entry into Diploma or Advanced
Diploma programmes at state universities with durations of 2 and 3 years respectively,
because these diplomas are usually obtained with a view to entering the labour market.
The Senior School Certificate forms the entrance requirement for a Diploma.
Students who obtain very good results for their Diploma may be granted access to the
second year of the bachelor’s programme. Students with good results for their Advanced
Diploma are permitted to grant access to the third year of the bachelor’s programme.
In terms of level, the Diploma is comparable
to 1 year of higher professional education
(HBO) in the Netherlands.
In terms of level, the Advanced Diploma is
comparable to 2 years of higher
professional education (HBO) in the
Netherlands.
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Higher education in Nigeria consists of the three following stages:
First Stage
Following the introduction of the Senior School Certificate in 1989 and the elimination of
the General Certificate of Education – Advanced Level, the nominal duration of the
Bachelor was extended by 1 year, so that it is now 4 years long..
The bachelor’s programmes of medical (medicine, veterinary science and dentistry) or
engineering studies, and of the LLB take between 5 to 6 years, depending on the
institution.
In terms of level, the 4-year Bachelor is
comparable to an HBO bachelor’s degree or
2 years of university education (WO) in the
Netherlands, depending on the
specialization.
All the above mentioned programmes are at Honours level; both single and combined
Honours are available.
Second Stage
The second stage of higher education lasts from 1 to 2 years, and is a continuation of the
First Stage. Upon completion of the Second Stage, a master’s degree, a postgraduate
diploma or a certificate is awarded. Admission to the master’s programme requires a
bachelor’s degree with first or second class Honours. In a 2-year Master, additional
research skills form part of the programme.
In terms of level, the Master is comparable
to an HBO master’s degree or WO
bachelor’s or master’s degree in the
Netherlands, depending on the learning
outcomes of the programme.
Third Stage
The Doctorate is awarded after 2 or 3 years of study following a master’s degree. Some
universities require that students complete a Master of Philosophy before qualifying for
admission to the PhD programme.
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
Higher professional education
Following successful completion of the entrance examination, the Senior School
Certificate grants access to higher professional education. Students must have obtained
a satisfactory result for at least five relevant subjects, mathematics as a compulsory
subject.
In the 1960s and 70s, ten Polytechnics were founded, in: Auchi, Calabar, Enugu, Ibadan,
Ilorin, Kaduna, Maiduguri, Makurdi, Port Harcourt and Yaba. These institutions and more
recently established Polytechnics run 2-year progammes leading to the (Ordinary)
National Diploma and the Higher National Diploma.
Successful completion of the (Ordinary) National Diploma must be followed by 1 year of
practical experience before admission to the final 2 years of the Higher National Diploma
is granted.
In terms of level, the (Ordinary) National
Diploma is comparable to an MBO diploma
at qualification level 4 in the Netherlands.
In terms of level, the Higher National
Diploma is comparable to 2 years of higher
professional education (HBO) in the
Netherlands.
After the Higher National Diploma, students can continue on to the Full Professional
Diploma (also called the Post Higher National Diploma), obtained after around 18 months
of study.
All programmes are accredited by the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE);
the entrance examination is run by the JAMB.
Teacher training programmes
The Nigerian Certificate in Education has been the minimum teaching qualification in
Nigeria since 1998. This certificate can be obtained from a College of Education, and has
a nominal duration of 3 years. Students must have obtained at least three satisfactory
grades for their Senior School Certificate in order to be admitted to the Nigerian
Certificate in Education.
Students who have obtained the Nigerian Certificate in Education can continue on to the
second year of the Bachelor of Education or the first year of a regular bachelor’s
programme.
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In terms of level, the Nigerian Certificate in
Education is comparable to 1 year of higher
professional education (HBO) in education
(teaching) in the Netherlands.
To be qualified to teach at Senior Secondary Schools, a Bachelor of Education is
required, or a regular bachelor’s degree followed by a 1-year Postgraduate Diploma in
Education.
In terms of level, the Bachelor of Education
is comparable to an HBO bachelor's degree
in education (teaching) in the Netherlands.
In terms of level, the Postgraduate Diploma
in Education is comparable to at least an
HBO bachelor's degree in education
(teaching) in the Netherlands.
Technical Teachers’ Colleges provide a 3-year teacher-training programme in a technical
or commercial field. Upon completion of these programmes, students are awarded the
Nigerian Certificate of Education (technical).
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
Assessment systems
Senior School Certificate
Numerical grade
Description
1
Excellent
2
Very good
3
Good
4-6
Credit
7-8
Pass
9
Fail
National Diploma and Higher National Diploma
G.P.A
Qualification
3.5-4.0
Distinction
3.0-3.49
Upper Credit
2.5-2.99
Lower Credit
2.0-2.49
Pass
1.0-2.0
Fail
Bachelor and Master
In percentages
Qualification
70-100
1st class
60-69
2nd class upper division
50-59
2nd class lower division
45-49
3rd class pass
40-44
pass
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Nigerian Certificate in Education

Letter grade
Qualification
A
Distinction
B
Upper Credit
C
Lower Credit
D
Pass
E
Pass
F
Fail
Qualification frameworks
Nigeria has not established a national qualification framework. Neither are national
qualifications referenced to an overarching framework.

Quality assurance and accreditation
The Federal Ministry of Education (FME) and the Ministry of State for Education are
responsible for secondary and higher education. The NUC (National Universities
Commission), founded in 1962, is responsible for accrediting institutions, granting
funding, assessing the extent to which the curricula meet the requirements of the labour
market, and the development of university education.
Up until 1972, universities were founded by both federal and state administrations. The
higher education policies were determined regionally. In 1972 the central government
took over the responsibility for higher education in an attempt to create a common
standard for the facilities of the various institutions.
The level of state universities is commonly assumed to be lower than that of federal
universities, mainly due to the fact that state-founded universities were not nationally
accredited. Nowadays all universities are monitored by the government, and states have
not been permitted to set up their own universities since 1985. In 1990, private higher
education institutions were introduced.
The NUC is responsible for the accreditation of universities on behalf of the government.
Accreditation takes place every 6 years. Newly founded universities that are allowed to
award degrees on behalf of accredited universities are monitored every 6 months until
they are fully accredited (and may therefore award their own degrees).
The universities are managed by a Council and a Senate. Within universities, institutes
and boards function more or less autonomously.
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In general, federal institutions rate more highly than the original state universities in the
university rankings issued by the NUC. Federal universities are therefore viewed as the
institutions of higher education intended for the academic elite. However, measures are
taken to create a uniform level among all universities.
Polytechnics, Colleges of Agriculture, Monotechnics, Colleges of Health Technology and
Technical Colleges are accreditated by the National Board of Technical Education
(NBTE).
For more information, please see Addresses.
Verification of the Senior School Certificate
Based on our knowledge and experience Nigeria needs particular attention when it
comes to authenticity.
Students in Nigeria can purchase a Scratch Card, which allows examination results to be
verified five times. To verify the WAEC Senior School Certificate, copies of the front and
the back of this card must be submitted. Using a pin-code, the examination session and
the candidate number, the results can be verified on the WAEC website
(www.waecdirect.org). All results from 1991 to the present are displayed.
Similar to WAEC, also NECO student results can be viewed online via
www.neconigeria.org.

International treaties
Nigeria has currently no international treaties with other countries which deal with
education.

Addresses
Information on education is available from:
www.fme.gov.ng
Website of the Federal Ministry of Education.
www.nuc.edu.ng
Website of the National Universities Commission.
www.nbte.gov.ng
Website of the National Board for Technical Education.
www.s-bb.nl
Website of SBB, the foundation for Co-operation on Vocational Education, Training and
the Labour Market.
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
List of Higher Education Institutions
www.nuc.edu.ng
Website of the National Universities Commission with an overview of accredited higher
education institutions.
www.nbte.gov.ng/index.html
Website of the National Board for Technical Education.
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
WAEC Senior School Certificate – old lay-out
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
WAEC Senior School Certificate – new lay-out
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
NECO Senior School Certificate
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
Bachelor of Science
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
Bachelor of Science - transcript
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
Bachelor of Science - transcript (page 2)
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
Bachelor of Science – transcript (page 3)
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
B.Sc.
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
Master of Science
26
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
National Diploma - Polytechnic
27
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
Higher National Diploma - Polytechnic
28
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
Nigeria Certificate of Education
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
Getuigschrift Nigeria
Senior School Certificate (NECO)
(at least 6 subjects with A or B or 1-4)
• senior secondary education diploma
• grants access to all higher education programmes in Nigeria upon completion of
entrance examinations
This qualification is comparable to a HAVO diploma in the Netherlands.
NB: This information is a general recommendation from which no rights may be
derived.
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
Qualification Nigeria
• first cycle higher education diploma
• grants access to bachelor’s programmes in Nigeria
• has a nominal duration of 2 years
This qualification is comparable to 2 years of higher professional
education (HBO) in the Netherlands.
derived.
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
Bachelor
• first cycle higher education diploma
• grants access to master’s programmes in Nigeria
• has a nominal duration of 4 years
This qualification is comparable to an HBO bachelor’s degree or to 2
years of university education (WO) in the Netherlands, depending on the
specialization.
derived.
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
Master
• second cycle higher education diploma
• grants access to PhD programmes in Nigeria
• has a nominal duration of 1-2 years
This qualification is comparable to an HBO master’s degree or to a WO
bachelor’s or master’s degree in the Netherlands, depending on the
learning outcomes of the programme
derived.
33

Education System Nigeria

Transcription

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