Architecture - Essex National Heritage Area

Transcription

FirstPeriodArchGuideFinal
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Page 1
Guide to
FIRST PERIOD
A rchitecture
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Table of Contents
Using the Guide . . . . . . . . . .2
First Period properties . . . .3
Historic Districts . . . . . . . . .18
Page 2
Architecture
FIRST
PERIOD
IN THE ESSEX NATIONAL
HERITAGE AREA
Index to Sites . . . . . . . . . . .19
About the Essex National
Heritage Area . . . . . . . . . . .20
T
he Essex National Heritage Area is home to more structures
built by America’s earliest settlers than anywhere else in the country.
When the first colonists arrived in the New World, they created simple
dugouts hastily prepared to provide protection from harsh weather
and curious wildlife. In some places, these rudimentary homes
quickly gave way to “English wigwams,” patterned after the dwellings
of their Native American neighbors. But as soon as these early
colonists could cut, saw and fashion durable wooden beams, they
built the kind of sturdy timber-frame post-and-beam houses they
had known in England.
The buildings these settlers constructed from 1625-1725 came to
be known as the “First Period” of American architecture. This style
is easily recognized by such features as
a second floor overhang, a steeplypitched roofline, lean-to additions, a
prominent central chimney, and
asymmetrical casement windows.
Today, the Essex National
Heritage Area is still dotted with
the homes built by early settlers who
were making their way north to expand
the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Some are
found in rural settings where the still pristine
landscape can truly transport visitors to another era. Others
are nestled within developed communities, living side-by-side with
more modern architecture. All will conjure images of family life and
the hard work of settlers in the founding days of America.
This guide is not a comprehensive list of First Period structures in the
Essex National Heritage Area. There are nearly 200 such homes in
the region and many of them are still privately owned. The properties
featured in this guide have been selected because they are open to
the public. Additional properties and historic districts are listened
in the Online Guide to First Period Architecture in the
Essex National Heritage Area, which can be found at
EssexHeritage.org/firstperiod.
For more information, visit
EssexHeritage.org/firstperiod.
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Using this Guide
Beverly
Danvers
Districts
The properties featured in this guide are organized by community. A number
of communities in Essex County, including Ipswich, Marblehead, Newbury,
and Salem, feature historic districts with multiple properties from the First
Period.These districts are featured on page 19.
Dates
Determining exact construction dates for America’s earliest surviving woodframed structures is extremely challenging.To assign even an estimated date
experts must rely upon a close examination of a building’s site, floor plan,
timber frame, and architectural finishes as well any written documents that
may exist, such as deeds, wills, and journals. In some cases, the publicized
construction date is a “traditional date”that has been passed down by one
building owner to the next as part of the community’s oral history.
Only in the past few years with the application of dendrochronology, the
science of tree-ring dating, have verifiable construction dates been assigned
to more than a dozen First Period structures in Essex County alone.The
process entails comparing the pattern of tree ring growth found in samples
taken from the oak timbers to a master chronolgy recently developed for oak
in eastern Massachusetts.The growing number of results are dramatically
refining and revising our understanding of First Period construction dates.
Based on current dendrochronological research, the oldest documented
house in Essex County is the Gedney House in Salem (1664-65).
Properties in this guide are listed with exact construction dates only when
they have been confirmed through dedrochronology research.The remainder are listed as “ca.” (circa) when an expert assessment of the surviving
building fabric and documentary evidence indicates a likely date or period,
or “trad.” if the date is one traditionally assigned.
Designations
Many of the properties featured in this guide have been recognized by the
National Park Service as a National Historic Landmark (NHL), or included on
the National Register of Historic Places either individually (NRIND) or as a
part of a district (NRDIS).
O
O
For more information regarding the Massachusetts
Historical Commission, visit www.sec.state.ma.us/mhc
For more information regarding the National Register
of Historic Places, visit www.cr.nps.gov/nr
Legend:
P
$
Holten House
1679 (Trad. 1636)
Beverly Historical Society & Museum
448 Cabot Street
Beverly, MA 01915
978-922-1186
www.beverlyhistory.org
Trad. 1670
General Israel Putnam Chapter,
Daughters of the American Revolution
171 Holten Street
Danvers,MA 01923
978-887-8215
www.freewebs.com/giputnamdar/
Significance: Long thought to be
one of the oldest wood frame houses in the United States. However,
recent dendrochronology testing
indicates sampled timbers were
felled winter 1678/1679.
Architectural features: While the
John Balch House has been altered
substantially over the years, it retains
original material from its early storyand-a-half house construction and
serves as a rare example of the kind
of “short-order housing”that was
quite common at the time according
to the renowned architectural preservationist and author Abbott Lowell
Cummings.The second floor chamber, or loft, of the early “cottage”was
“furnished with facade gables which
provided both light and...additional
headroom.”
Guided Tours
Restrooms
Free Parking
Entry Fee
Y
Picnic Areas
2
Architectural features: The
house features a seven-seat privy
(outhouse).
Directions: Route 1 or I-95 to Centre
Street, Danvers exit.Turn left on
Centre Street, turn left onto Holten
Street.
Directions: I-95 to Route 128.Take
Exit 20B (Route 1A South) toward
Beverly. Follow Route 1A onto Cabot
Street The house is on the right at
448 Cabot Street.
Visitor information:
Leashed Dogs Welcome
Significance: The Judge Samuel
Holten House is a fine example of
chronological and architectural
house development representative
of the period from 1670 to 1832.
Benjamin Holten built the house in
a typical "one-room house plan" in
approximately 1670. Since that time,
and several generations of Holtens
later, the original structure has incorporated six additions. In 1921, the
General Israel Putnam Chapter of
the Daughters of the American
Revolution purchased the property
and has extensively restored it.
Designations: NRIND (1973).
This guide was made possible by a grant from the National Trust for Historic
Preservation’s Preservation Fund for Eastern Massachusetts. www.nationaltrust.org
p
John Balch House
Accessible
Walking Tour
Visitor information: Interpretive
programs
P
$
Season and hours: July-August,
Wednesdays 2pm – 4pm and by
appointment.
$
Season and hours:
Tuesday–Saturday 12pm–4pm
(except holidays). Closed from
October 16–May 31.
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Georgetown
Rebecca Nurse Homestead
Brocklebank-Nelson-Beecher
House
Trad. 1678
Danvers Alarm List Co, Inc
149 Pine Street
Danvers, MA 01923
978-774-8799
www.rebeccanurse.org
Trad. 1680
Georgetown Historical Society Inc.
108 East Main Street
Georgetown, MA 01833
978-352-2208
www.georgetownhistoricalsociety.org
Significance: The Nurse House is the
only surviving residence of a victim
affiliated with the Salem Witchcraft
Hysteria of 1692 that is open to the
public.It was the home of Rebecca
Nurse,who was hanged that year on
July 19.
Significance: Along with its First
Period architectural origins, the
National Park Service designated this
house a stop on the Underground
Railroad because of its “Slave-Hole”
hideaway.
Architectural features: The original
Nurse House dates to 1678, and
features a lean-to kitchen, working
cooking hearth, great hall, and bed
chamber. Later additions were built
ca. 1750 and 1820.The Homestead
site includes 27 acres of open fields,
a replica 1692 Salem Village Meetinghouse, the reconstructed Endecott
Barn, small outbuildings, and the
Nurse Graveyard where family legend
claims that Rebecca Nurse was
buried after her hanging in 1692.
Brocklebank-Nelson-Beecher House
is a gambrel-roofed, five-bay center
chimney dwelling primarily built during the early- to mid-18th century.The
large walk-in fireplace is believed to
date to the original First Period construction of the house.
Directions: From I-95, take Exit 54
(Route 133/Georgetown/Rowley).
Turn right onto East Main Street.The
house is on the left.
Designations: NRDIS (1975).
P
Directions: From Route 128 North,
take Exit 24 (Endicott Street).Turn
right onto Endicott Street.Turn right
onto Sylvan Street. Bear left onto Pine
Street.The Homestead is on the left.
$
Season and hours: Weekends only
July–October, 2pm–5pm; closed
November–June except for arranged
tours.
Haverhill
Thomas Riggs House
John Greenleaf Whittier
Homestead
Trad. 1661
27 Vine Street
Gloucester, MA 01930
978-281-4802
www.thomasriggshouse.com
Trad. 1688
305 Whittier Road
Haverhill, MA 01830
978-373-3979
www.johngreenleafwhittier.com
Significance: The house was
built by father and son Wakely and
Matthew Coe.They sold it to Thomas
Riggs Sr. in 1661; the last of the Riggs
family sold the house to the current
owner.
Significance: This house is the
birthplace of the Quaker poet and
abolitionist John Greenleaf Whittier
(1807–92).
Architectural features: While the
original farmhouse has been altered
over the years, it is situated on its
original site and retains much of its
colonial charm. Eighty acres remain
of the original 149, offering visitors
an outstanding example of an early
New England farm.
Architectural features: This is a log
construction house with post-andbeam additions.The single-story postand-beam cape was added ca. 1704;
it was topped with a gambrel roof in
1753.All five early fireplaces still
have original clay mortar.The gambrel part of the house consists of the
original kitchen, the ca. 1730 fieldpaneled chimney breast, a very early
wooden oven door, and original lug
poles.
Directions: From I-495 North or
South, take Exit 52 (Route 110).Turn
east onto Amesbury Road/Route 110
and proceed for approximately one
mile.Turn left onto Whittier Road.
Directions: Take Route 128 North.
Cross over the bridge.At traffic circle,
go 3/4 of the way around taking the
third exit marked Route
127/Annisquam and Pigeon Cove.
After 1.5 miles look for the “Willow
Rest”landmark on the right.Turn left
onto Vine Street.Turn right at the
Thomas Riggs mailbox.
P
P
$
Season and hours: June 15–Labor
Day,Wednesday– Sunday 11am–5pm;
weekends only Labor Day–
November 4, 11am–5pm.
For more information visit
EssexHeritage.org/firstperiod
4
$
Season and hours: May–October,
Wednesday–Saturday 10am–5pm,
Sunday 1pm–5pm; November–April,
Wednesday–Friday and Sunday
1pm–4pm, Saturday 10am–4pm.
Closed on major holidays.
P
Gloucester
$
Season and hours: The house is a
Bed and Breakfast.Visitors are welcome by appointment.
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Ipswich
Ipswich
Appleton Farms
Choate House
Paine House
Trad. 1690
The Trustees of Reservations
219 County Road
Ipswich, MA 01938
978-356-5728
www.thetrustees.org
Trad. 1725-40
Crane Wildlife Refuge
Choate Island
Ipswich, MA 01938
978-356-4351
www.thetrustees.org
1694
Greenwood Farm
Jeffrey's Neck Road
Ipswich, MA 01938
978-921-1944
www.thetrustees.org
Significance: The Choate House
housed several generations of
politically active members of the
Choate family. It was restored during
the Colonial Revival by the philanthropist Richard T. Crane Jr. and
preservationist George Francis Dow.
The house remains, as it did during
Crane’s tenure, as a picturesque
fixture in the landscape.
Significance: The Paine House was
recognized in 2001 with the Mary
Conley Award for Restoration, and in
2006 by an ENHC 10 Years/100
Milestones Award.
Significance: Visitors will see the
remains of the oldest visible house
on one of America's oldest continuously working farms, which was
established in 1638 as a land grant to
Samuel Appleton.
Architectural features: The cellar
hole for the 1690 Patch House, a traditional colonial saltbox, is located
on this 658-acre farm.Walking along
six miles of footpaths, bridle paths,
and farm roads, visitors may also
enjoy pristine scenic views of rolling
grasslands, grazing livestock, ancient
stone walls, tree-lined carriage paths,
and later historic farm buildings that
are all part of the legacy of nine generations of Appleton family members.
Architectural features: This is a
late (unfurnished) First Period house
with central chimney and paneled
rooms. It is beautifully situated on its
original island location and may be
seen by boat from the Essex River.
Directions: Accessible only by private watercraft or TTOR tours from
Crane Beach,Argilla Road, Ipswich.
Directions: From I-95, take Exit 54
(Route 133/Georgetown/Rowley).
Turn left onto Route 133 East, and
turn right onto Route 1A.The site is
located on Route 1A at the
Ipswich/Hamilton town line.
Visitor information: Open only for
guided tours.
Season and hours: Seasonal walking tours of the Refuge include the
Choate House and are offered
May–September.An annual "Choate
Island Day" is held in late September,
when visitors can access the island
and walk inside the Choate House.
P
$
(free for TTOR members)
Season and hours: Open yearround, sunrise to sunset.
Greenwood Farm sign. Park halfway
down the driveway on the left (10
cars). Follow the trail and signs to
the house. From Route 1A/133 South
at Lord Square in Ipswich, continue
straight onto High Street and turn
left onto East Street at the stop sign.
Follow for .4 miles and bear left
onto Jeffrey's Neck Road. Follow
from above.
P
pY$
(free for TTOR members)
Architectural features: An outstanding example of late First Period
architecture, the Paine House is a
saltbox with integral lean-to and
chamfered exposed timber framing
revealing heavy-timbered exposed
summer beams, post systems, and lintels.The picturesque house remains
on its original saltwater farm location. Its interiors are furnished with
late 17th-19th-century pieces
acquired during the Colonial Revival
by former owners Alice and Robert
Gray Dodge.
Season and hours: House tours on
Sundays, June–September, 1pm–5pm;
Greenwood Farm is open yearround, sunrise to sunset.
Directions: From Route 1A North at
the Ipswich Town Green, continue
straight onto County Road, which
turns into East Street. Follow for .9
miles. Bear left onto Jeffrey's Neck
Road and follow for .7 miles to the
entrance on the right with the
Detail photograph:
Bedroom,
Paine House, Ipswich
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Ipswich
Newbury
Designations: NHL (1966); NRIND
(1966); NRDIS (1980).
Whipple House
1677
Ipswich Historical Society
53 South Main Street
Ipswich, MA 01938
978-356-2811
www.ipswichmuseum.org
Directions: From Route 128, take
Exit 20A (Route 1A North). Follow to
Ipswich Center (Route 1A becomes
South Main Street). Ipswich
Historical Society’s 1800 Heard
House will be on the right, the
Whipple House on the left.
Significance: One of the earliest
historic house museums in America
(1899), historic preservationists consider the Whipple House a model in
the early historic preservation movement thanks to the efforts of Rev.
Thomas Franklin Waters who saved
the house during the Colonial
Revival. It was the home of militia
officer and entrepreneur Captain
John Whipple, and five subsequent
generations of Whipples.The
Whipple House is located within a
neighborhood of 57 additional First
Period houses.
Visitor information: Restrooms are
available across the street at the
Heard House. Stairs to the second
floor are narrow and steep.
P
$
Season and hours: Open Memorial
Day–Columbus Day,Wednesday–
Saturday 10am–4pm; Sunday
1pm–4pm.
Whipple House is a “hall and parlor"
townhouse, featuring original chamfered summer beams, crease-molded
panelling, clamshell ceiling plaster,
and walk-in cooking hearth. Originally a “half-house”built near the
center of town, Captain Whipple’s
son, Major John Whipple, more than
doubled the size of the house before
1725 and added a back room for
slaves.The house was moved to its
present location in 1927.An authentic Housewife’s Garden is located
immediately outside.The house is
furnished with early locally-made
pieces.
Dole-Little House
Spencer-Peirce-Little Farm
Trad. 1715
Historic New England
289 High Road
Newbury, MA 01951
978-462-2634
www.historicnewengland.org
ca. 1690
5 Little's Lane
Newbury, MA 01951
978-462-2634
www.HistoricNewEngland.org
Significance: The Dole-Little House
was constructed for Richard Dole
with materials salvaged from an earlier structure. The house was built
on a two-room, central chimney plan
with a small kitchen shed in the rear.
The shed has been replaced with a
larger lean-to. Decorative carpentry
and finish include chamfered edges,
molded sheathing and possibly
original stair balusters.
Significance: Since 1986, the Farm
has been the focus of continuing
historical research, conservation and
archaeological exploration.Today,
the Farm maintains its original agricultural purpose, and the fields still
produce commercial crops as they
have continuously since 1635.
Spencer-Peirce-Little Farm’s imposing
size and unusual building materials
(stone and brick) command respect
and curiosity.The unfurnished rooms
reveal three centuries of construction techniques and late 20th century methods of building stabilization.
Attributes of Note: Acquired by
Florence Evans Bushee in 1954, the
house was restored to reflect the
original period. During the restoration efforts, the lean-to was removed
and reconstructed with new timbers,
and small-paned sash from the front
of the house was reinstalled in the
lean-to. The paneling from one
chamber was removed and reinstalled as an exhibition room at the
National Museum of History and
Technology in Washington, D.C. A
copied version was reinstalled in the
chamber.
(1968).
Directions: I-95 to Route 133/
Newburyport. Route 133 turns into
Route 1A (High Road). Follow
Route 1A for 3.7 miles.Turn left on
to Little's Lane.
P
Directions: I-95 to Route 113,
Route 1A (High Street). Follow Route
1A for 7 miles.House is on left.
Visitor Information:
Detail photograph:
Candlestick,
Whipple House, Ipswich
8
P
$
Season and hours: June 1–October
15,Thursday–Sunday 11am –4pm.
$
Season and Hours: By appointment
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Newbury
North Andover Peabody
Swett-Isley House
Tristam Coffin House
Parson Barnard House
Nathaniel Felton, Sr. House
ca. 1670
4 High Road
Newbury, MA 01951
978-462-2634
www.historicnewengland.org
1678
14 High Road
Newbury, MA 01951
978-462-2634
Significance: Built by Stephen
Swett, one of Newbury’s first settlers,
this house was purchased by SPNEA
(Historic New England) in 1911 as
the organization’s first architectural
acquisition.Today the Swett-Isley
House forms the northwest boundary of the Newbury Historic District.
Significance: Built by one of
Newbury's first settlers, the Tristam
Coffin House was continuously
occupied by the Coffin family for
seven succeeding generations.They
participated actively in the socioeconomic, political and educational
life of the town.
ca. 1715
North Andover Historical Society,
179 Osgood Street
North Andover, MA 01810
978-686-4035
www.essexheritage.org/sites/
north_andover_hist_soc.html
ca. 1644
Peabody Historical Society
Brooksby Farm Conservation Area
47 Felton Street
Peabody, MA 01960
978-977-0514
www.peabodyhistorical.org
Significance: This was the home of
Thomas Barnard,Andover’s third
minister. He served previously as an
assistant minister during the Salem
Witch Trials of 1692.
Architectural features: The original
portion of the house was constructed
on a single-room plan with a chimney bay and faced south.The hall’s
10’3”fireplace is one of the widest on
record, and contains an oven on the
rear wall of each end.The interior
exposed frame of the house features
unusual quarter-round chamfers
which, according to Abbott Lowell
Cummings, were “a more expensive
decoration”because of their “greater
elaboration.”
Architectural features: The Coffin
House began as a simple dwelling
built in the post-medieval style of
First Period architecture.About 1700,
the house was more than doubled in
size to provide more living space.
Today, the house retains the original
kitchen, later 18th-century additions
(including a chamber and buttery),
and a collection of Coffin family furniture.
Significance: Built in 1644, the
Nathaniel Felton, Sr. house was the
first house built on Mount Pleasant
(the Brooksby Farm area). As the
oldest house in Peabody, it is a
remarkably intact example of first
period architecture. The house features period rooms and a special
exhibit of children’s artifacts.
Directions: I-95 to Route
113/Newburyport. Route 113 turns
into Route 1A (High Road). Follow
Route 1A for 3 miles.The house is
on the right.
Designations: NRIND (1976); NRDIS
(1976).
Directions: I-95 to Route 113/
Route 1A (High Road). Follow
Route 1A for 3 miles.The house
is on the right.
Visitor information: Tours available
by appointment only. $
Season and hours: By appointment
only.
Season and hours: June–October,
first Saturday of the month,
1pm–5pm.
10
$
Architectural features: Abbott
Lowell Cummings describes the
Parson-Barnard House as a “progressive”example of timber-frame construction for its time, with its vertically divided front door, plastered walls
and chimney, covered lintels and
piers, and underlying ground-sill
which was built to support the frame
of the house. Cummings cites the
house as a “transitional” example of
juxtaposing traditional frame methods with “a rich display”of “applied
finished trim.”
(1979).
Directions: From I-495, take Exit
43. Follow Mass. Avenue to Osgood
Street.Turn left onto Osgood Street.
The house is one block up on the
right.
Designations: NRIND (1982)
Directions: I-95 to Exit 44B, stay
on ramp toward Rt. 1/Danvers. Bear
right onto Lowell Street and drive for
1.5 miles.Turn right on Baldwin
Street, and then left onto Felton
Street. Follow signs to Brooksby
Farm. The Felton, Sr. House is on
the right after the Felton, Jr. House.
Visitor information: Gift shop.
P
$
Season and hours: Tours available
by appointment.
$
Season and hours: May–Oct.,
Sundays 2pm–4pm; first and third
Saturdays 1pm–4pm. Closed
November–April.
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Salem
Salem
Season and hours: Early May–midNovember, daily 10am–5pm; extended hours in October. Closed midNovember–early May.
Corwin House
prior to 1675
City of Salem
310 Essex Street
Salem, MA 01970
978-744-8815
www.salemweb.com/witchhouse
Gedney House
1665
21 High Street
Salem, MA 01970
978-744-0440
Significance: Purchased in an
incomplete state by Jonathan
Corwin, a local merchant who later
served as a magistrate and judge
during the Salem Witch Trials of
1692, the Corwin House is the only
remaining structure in Salem with
direct ties to the Trials.
Significance: This timber frame
house reflects the wealth and social
standing of the builder and owner
Eleazor Gedney.The house is significant for its stuctural carpentry and
for its evidence of early decorative
finishes.
Architectural features: The house
is a fine example of a wealthier
home, featuring a projecting twostory porch with flanking peaked
gables on the front facade, decorative drop pendants at the porch and
end corners, leaded casement windows, a rear lean-to, and a restored
clustered pilaster brick chimney.
Architectural features: Built with
the central chimney and oblong
shape of First Period architecture, the
orignial portion of the house was
asymmetrical, consisting of two oneroom stories with gabled attic and
an attached parlor with lean-to roof.
In late 1712, the parlor lean-to was
raised to a full two stories.The front
gable was also removed and the
house achieved its present shape,
except for a rear two-story lean-to
built around 1800.The introduction
of lath and plaster ceilings, beam
casings, and paneled walls by the
mid-18th century preserved the colorful paint evident underneath.
Directions: The Corwin House is
located at the corner of Route 114
and Essex Street in downtown
Salem. From Route 128 North take
Exit 25A and follow Route 114 East
into Salem. By train: From Salem
Station (Newburyport/Rockport
line), walk ahead to Washington
Street and turn right onto Essex
Street. Note that outdoor signage
identifies the house as “The Witch
House.”
Exit 26 (Lowell Street East). Follow
signs into Salem, staying straight on
the street until the end (street name
changes).Turn left onto Essex Street.
At the next light, turn right onto Flint
Street, then an immediate left onto
Chestnut Street and follow to the
end. Straight at the stop sign, crossing
Summer Street onto Norman Street.
Take second right onto Margin
Street. Park in municipal parking lot.
Cross Margin Street, and walk up
High Street. Gedney House will be
on your left.
P$
only.
John Ward House
ca. 1684
Peabody Essex Museum
East India Square
Salem, MA 01970
978-745-9500
www.pem.org
Significance: This is one of the
earliest buildings to be relocated
and restored for historic interpretation in the United States (1910)
under the supervision of George
Francis Dow.
Architectural features: One of the
finest surviving 17th-century buildings in New England. Like many
First Period dwellings, it was originally built as a half-house, with a parlor,
chamber, porch, large chimney, and
stairway.After several additions to
make it a whole house, the building
took on its current characteristics:
extremely steep pitched gables,
asymmetrical facade, central
chimney, batten door, diamondpaned leaded casement windows,
and second story overhang.
Designations: NRDIS (1972); NHL
(1978).
Directions: From Route 128 North,
take Exit 26 (Lowell Street East/
Peabody/Salem).Turn right at Lowell
Street, which turns into Main Street
and then Boston Street.Turn left at
Bridge Street/Route 107. Stay on
Bridge Street/Route 107 past train
station on the left side, proceed
through intersection at top of hill.
Turn at next right onto St. Peter
Street.Turn left at Brown Street.
Visitor information: House tours
are included in the entrance fee for
the Peabody Essex Museum.
P$
Season and hours: Times vary.
Please call ahead.
Visitor information: Self-guided
tours.
$
Detail photograph:
J. Barnard Room,
Parson Barnard House, North Andover
12
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Page 14
Salem 1630: Pioneer Village
Salem
Narbonne House
1675
U.S.Department of the
Interior/National Park Service
71 Essex Street
Salem MA 01970
978-740-1660
www.nps.gov/sama
Exit 25A (Route 114 East) to Salem.
Follow Route 114 into Salem where
it will become North Street, then
Summer Street.Turn left onto
Norman Street. Go straight through
the traffic light onto Derby Street.
Follow Derby Street through the
traffic light to the next intersection.
You are in the midst of the Salem
Maritime National Historic Site.
The Orientation Center is on the
right, where tours begin; the
Narbonne House (not visible from
Designations: NRDIS (1973); NRIND
(1973).
Exit 25A (Route 114 East) to Salem.
Follow Route 114 into Salem where
it will become North Street, then
Summer Street.Turn left onto
Norman Street. Go straight through
the traffic light onto Derby Street.
Follow Derby Street through the
traffic light. Continue straight on
Derby Street.The house is three
blocks ahead on the right.
P
Significance: The Narbonne House
is a non-restored example of First
Period architecture continuously
occupied by the same family from
1750 until it was given to the National Park Service in 1963.Today, the
house is shown as an (unfurnished)
architectural study property.Visitors
may also see a small portion of the
160,000 archeological artifacts uncovered on the property in the 1970s.
Architectural features: Built as
a half-house with a lean-to on its
south side, the Narbonne House
underwent changes in the 18th and
19th centuries.The original 1675
post-and-beam framing is still clearly
visible throughout the structure.
the street)is on the left, behind the
Custom House.
$
Season and Hours: Open yearround, 9am-5pm. Closed
Thanksgiving, Christmas, and
New Year’s Day.
The House of the
Seven Gables
ca. 1668
The House of the Seven Gables
Settlement House Association
115 Derby Street
Salem, MA 01970
978-744-0991
www.7gables.org
Significance: The Turner-Ingersoll
mansion was built by the wealthy
merchant John Turner. Over the
years, it has been studied by leading
architectural scholars from across
the nation.
Architectural features: This postmedieval gem boasts an overhanging jetty and pendant drops and original nogging in the attic where a rare
1600s batten door is on display.
Restored in 1910, there is a porthole
to view the 17th-century timbers
with chamfered edges and lamb's
tongue stops.There are two additional 17th century buildings on the site:
the Retire Beckett House (1682) and
the Hooper Hathaway House(1655),
which were moved here during
the Colonial Revival by Caroline
Emmerton to save them from
demolition.
14
P
$
Season and hours: July–October,
daily 10am–7pm; November–June,
10am–5pm. Closed: January 1–12,
Thanksgiving, and Christmas.
Salem 1630: Pioneer Village
Representing 1630
City of Salem
Restoration and management by
Salem Preservation Inc. (SPI)
Forest River Park, Ext.West Ave.
Salem, MA 01970
978-740-9636
www.salemperservation.org
Significance: Built to be a centerpiece of the 1930 Massachusetts
Tercentenary, this is the oldest living
history museum in America.This
“colonial village”was the last major
architectural and museum project
undetaken by architect and preservationist George Francis Dow, who
was also a living history museum
pioneer.The site’s 1990s restoration
earned the American Society of
Travel Writers’ prestigious Phoenix
Award.Today, Salem Preservation Inc.
is working to restore Dow’s vision as
well as to more accurately portray
the Native American story before
and during 1630 with the assistance
of Native American scholars.
Architectural features: The site
includes Colonial Revival replications of 1630 style Massachusetts
dugouts, English wigwams, small cottages, a governor's house, pillory and
stocks, shaving horse, and blacksmith
shop. Salem Preservation hopes to
restore the site’s original ducking
stool, saw pit, saltworks, brick mill,
and fish flakes.
Directions: From downtown Salem,
follow Lafayette Street (Route 114)
south to Loring Avenue by Salem
State College.Turn left at West
Avenue light and proceed straight
into Forest River Park. Park on the
grass, or along the fence overlooking
the pond. Pioneer Village is located
in the northeast corner of the park,
between the baseball field and
Salem Harbor.
P
Season and hours: The Village is
open on select weekends from May
1–October 31 during the restoration.
Contact SPI for specific information.
15
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11:41 AM
Page 16
Saugus
Topsfield
Boardman House
ca. 1687
17 Howard Street
Saugus,MA 01906
978-462-2634
Visitor information: Guided tours.
Entry fee.
$
(1966).
only.
Directions: From I-95/Route 128,
take Exit 43 (Walnut Street) in
Lynnfield. Follow brown National
Park Service signs for 3.8 miles to the
Saugus Iron Works. From Route 1
North, take Main Street Exit (Saugus)
and follow signs through Saugus
Center to the parking lot. From Route
1 South, take the Walnut Street Exit
East and follow National Park
Service signs for 1.5 miles to the
parking lot.
Saugus Iron Works National
Historic Site
Significance: Built for the young
family of William Boardman, a local
“joiner,” or woodworker, this house
has survived remarkably intact since
its construction.
Architectural features: Originally
built on a two-room, central-chimney
plan, the house consisted of a parlor,
hall, two chambers above, and an
attic below a steeply pitched and
gabled roof. A lean-to and appended
flue for a new fireplace were added
before 1696.The house’s interiors
include “handsome molded sheathing and trim in the chambers.”
Cummings calls the Boardman
House an “outstanding example”
of “ambitious trim”that was left
mysteriously unfinished for several
generations.
Designations: NRIND (1966); NHL
(1966).
Directions: From the North:Take
Route 1 South. Exit at Lynn Fells
Parkway.Turn right onto Main Street,
and a quick left onto Howard Street.
From the South:Take Route 1
North. Exit at Main Street (toward
Wakefield) and cross back under
Route 1. Cross Lynn Fells Parkway
and take the next left onto
Howard Street.
16
ca. 1681–1689
U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service
244 Central Street
Saugus,MA 01906
781-233-0050
www.nps.gov/sair
Significance: This is the site of a
prosperous iron industry that enabled
early settlers to forge tools and utensils such as saws,axes,nails,hinges,
hoes,pots and kettles.A First Period
house built after the cessation of the
Iron Works still stands,reflecting the
material culture and society established by the Puritan gentry of the
Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Architectural features: The 1682
Iron Works House is a post-medieval
style, timber-frame, two-story-plusattic overhang house set on a fieldstone foundation.The house has a
wood shingle roof, multiple gables,
casement windows, finials, pendents,
and a massive chimney as well as
later additions.The interior features
its original four rooms and a reconstructed entry hall.Also on the site
are a reconstructed blast furnace,
forge, rolling and slitting mill, and
the dock area where raw materials
arrived and finished goods were
shipped out.
Architectural features: The Parson
Capen House is known especially for
its “superb”Elizabethan-style interiors
crafted by English artisans. Its heavy
oak mortised and tenoned framework rests on a foundation of
unmortared field stones.The second
story overhangs the first in the front
of the house in typical First Period
style; more unusually, the third floor
overhangs the second at each end
of the house.The eight-foot-wide
cooking hearth dominates the hall
and contains rounded back corners
and a large flue.
Designations: NRIND (1966); NHL
(1966); NRDIS (1976).
$P
Season and hours: May–October
by appointment during the Iron
Works’ restoration.
Directions: Take Route 1 to the
Route 97 intersection. Go west on
Route 97 for .5 miles to East
Common Street.Turn right on East
Common Street.The house is 150
yards beyond on the right.
Parson Joseph Capen House
ca. 1683
Topsfield Historical Society
1 Howlett Street
Topsfield,MA 01983
978-887-3998
www.topsfieldhistory.org
Visitor Information: Donations
accepted.
$
Season and hours: Mid-June–
mid-September,Wednesday, Friday,
Sunday 1pm–4:30pm.
Significance: The home of Joseph
Capen, minister at Topsfield for many
years, the National Park Service
refers to this house as “a faithful
counterpart of the English manor
house of the 17th century.” One of
the finest examples of Elizabethan
architecture, it was restored during
the Colonial Revival under the
direction of George Francis Dow.
Detail photograph:
Fireplace,
Swett-Isley House, Ipswich
17
06/11/07
Wenham
Trad. 1661
The Wenham Museum
132 Main Street
Wenham, MA 01984
978-468-2377
www.wenhammuseum.org
Significance: The Claflin-Richards
House contains three centuries of
architecture, furnishings, and artifacts
that reflect family life in a small New
England village.
Architectural features: The house
was built with Ogee braces, an architectural detail typically found in
16th- and 17th-century English
dwellings.The house contains a
First Period dwelling room, a late
17th-century minister's parlor, and a
ca. 1750 bed chamber. On display in
the Kimball Chamber is a 1724
woolen bed-rug, said to have been
made for a Wenham bride. It is considered to be one of the finest pieces
of American folk art north of Boston,
and the second oldest such rug
known to exist in this country.
(1973).
Directions: Take Route 128 North to
Exit 20A (Route 1A North). Follow
Route 1A North 1.5 miles past
Wenham Lake.The museum is on the
right.
$
Page 18
Districts
Claflin-Richards House
11:41 AM
Districts
Ipswich: America's First
Period Town
The Newbury Historic
District
There are 58 First Period houses
in Ipswich—more than any other
community in America.Thirty-eight
of them built between 1650-1725 are
located within one mile of the
Whipple House on the Ipswich
First Period House and Streetscape
Trail designed by Paul McGinley of
McGinley Kalsow & Associates
architectural preservationists. Pick
up a copy of the Trail's self-guided
map at the Ipswich Visitor Center
(Rte. 1A) or Ipswich Historical
Society (Heard House, Rte. 1A).
The Newbury Historic District is
characterized by a wide range of
domestic, civic, educational, religious,
cultural and commercial structures.
Contiguous to one another in this
rural townscape, the buildings in
the district continue to serve as the
community center of Newbury. The
district also includes the First Parish
Burying Ground on High Road, which
dates from the time of the first settlement in the mid-seventeenth century.
For more information, contact the
Historical Society of Old Newbury
at (978) 462-2681.
The First Period in
Marblehead
Established for commercial fishing in
1629,Marblehead’s non-conformist
settlement, often disregarding the
stricter Puritan government of Salem
and most of New England,became
the “greatest Towne for fishing in
New England,” a flourishing center
for overseas Atlantic trade in the
1700s,and the 10th-largest town in the
colonies in the 1760s. Marblehead’s
rugged beginnings are reflected in its
evocative first period sites and homes.
For more information,contact the
Marblehead Museum & Historical
Society at (781) 631-1768 or
marbleheadmuseum.org.
P
For More Information
Salem Architecture
While it is often noted for its
outstanding collection of Federal
style (ca. 1790-ca. 1830) architecture,
Salem is also home to a very rich
collection of 17th-century sites.
From the homes of successful craftsmen to the mansion of one of the
wealthiest families in pre-revolutionary Massachusetts, the center of
Historic Salem contains some of the
finest First Period homes in the state,
including five that are open to the
public. For more information, contact
the National Park Service Regional
Visitor Center at (978) 740-1650.
For information about fees and
special events, or to receive more
information about these sites, please
contact them directly. We strongly
recommend that you confirm hours
of operation before visiting. Many of
these sites are managed by nonprofit
organizations that depend on memberships and donations; we encourage you to support their important
work. Some of these sites are available for events, small meetings, or for
private tours. Please take advantage
of what they have to offer.
For more information about First
Period architecture in Essex County,
the Colonial Revival, George Francis
Dow,Abbott Lowell Cummings, and
other leading scholars and preservationists, please visit EssexHeritage.org
for a list of resources.
Credits
We would like to thank the individual sites listed here for providing
descriptive text, images, and visitor
information.
Additional writing and editing:
Bonnie Hurd Smith, Hurd Smith
Communications; Kate Fox, ENHC
Design and Production:
Jerrie Hildebrand, Kishgraphics
Printing: Flagship Press
Advisers: Michael Steinitz,
Massachusetts Historical Commission;
John Goff, Salem Preservation Inc.;
Paul McGinley, McGinley Kalsow
Architectural Preservationists; Bill
Steelman, ENHC.
Season and hours: Open year
round,Tuesday–Sunday 10am–4pm.
18
19
06/11/07
11:41 AM
Page 20
Index
Appleton Farms, Ipswich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
John Balch House, Beverly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Parson Barnard House, North Andover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Boardman House, Saugus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Brocklebank-Nelson-Beecher House, Georgetown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Parson Joseph Capen House,Topsfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Choate House, Ipswich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Claflin-Richards House,Wenham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Corwin House, Salem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Dole-Little House, Newbury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Nathaniel Felton, Sr. House, Peabody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Gedney House, Salem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Holten House, Danvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
The House of the Seven Gables, Salem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Narbonne House, Salem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Rebecca Nurse Homestead, Danvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Paine House,Ipswich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Thomas Riggs House, Gloucester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
About Essex National Heritage Area
Covering 500 square miles just north of Boston, the Essex
National Heritage Area encompasses 34 cities and towns
within Essex County, MA. From the first wave of European
immigrants and the first contact with native Americans in
the 17th century, to the rise of the international maritime
trade in the 18th and 19th centuries, to the leather, textile
and shoe entrepreneurs that initiated the industrial revolution in the 19th century, the Essex National Heritage Area
illuminates almost 400 years of our nation’s history. One
of 37 heritage partnership parks of the National Park
Service (NPS), the Area is managed by the non-profit
Essex National Heritage Commission (ENHC) who, in
collaboration with the NPS, promotes partnerships and
develops and implements programs that enhance, preserve
and encourage regional awareness of the unique historic,
cultural and natural resources found within the Area.
Salem 1630: Pioneer Village, Salem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
For more information, visit EssexHeritage.org or call
Saugus Ironworks National Historic Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
(978) 740-0444.
Spencer-Peirce-Little Farm, Newbury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Swett-Isley House, Newbury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Tristam Coffin House, Newbury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
John Ward House, Salem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Whipple House, Ipswich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
John Greenleaf Whittier Homestead, Haverhill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
20
21
Amesbury
Andover
Beverly
Boxford
Danvers
Essex
Georgetown
Gloucester
Groveland
Hamilton
Haverhill
Ipswich
Lawrence
Lynn
Lynnfield
Manchester
Marblehead
Merrimac
Methuen
Middleton
Nahant
Newbury
Newburyport
North Andover
Peabody
Rockport
Rowley
Salem
Salisbury
Saugus
Swampscott
Topsfield
Wenham
West Newbury
06/11/07
11:41 AM
Page 22
221 Essex Street
Salem, MA 01970
978.740.0444
EssexHeritage.org

Architecture - Essex National Heritage Area

Transcription

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