AIGUASOL

CYCLE DE FORMATION ÉNERGIE – ENVIRONNEMENT
Geneve, 16 mai 2013
District Heating and Cooling:
an opportunity for profiting from local energy
sources - 3 case studies
Dr. Aleksandar Ivancic – AIGUASOL
www.aiguasol.coop
• 
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• 
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Introduction
Forum-22@ - Barcelona
Marina/Zona Franca - Barcelona
Chamartin – Madrid
Conclusions
www.aiguasol.coop
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Introduction
Forum-22@ - Barcelona
Marina/Zona Franca - Barcelona
Chamartin – Madrid
Conclusions
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E (Piramide Keops) = 1 setmna BCN
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Industrial ecology concepts
Source:www.aiguasol.coop
Allenby
Is DHC a new system?
•  In 1623 there was a proposal to install district energy in London
•  Waste heat from factories was used to warm public baths by the
1830s
•  •The Crystal Palace in London had district energy in 1851.
•  1877 Birdsill Holly first commercial DH syst Lockport, N.Y
•  1880s CHP + DH in USA
•  1890s waste incineration + DH
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Energy model
Renovables*
Waste'Energy'
Demand'Reduc+on'
Infrastructure
optimization /Metabolic
concept
DHC
Transforma+on'and''
End'Use'Efficiency'
Urban integration
OptimizationNew needs fulfillment
Organization Systematization
Integration
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=local'opportuni+es'
District'Energy'
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DHC infrastructure planning in new neighborhood
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22@
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22@
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DHC infrastructure planning in existin city
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DHC track record in bcn
• 
Before 1999, DHC almost unknown in Spain
• 
1999 -22@ district infrastructure plan foreseen the possibility of DHC /Municipality
initiative
• 
2000 -Forum 2004 infrastructure plan foreseen the possibility of DHC /Municipality
initiative
• 
2003 -Forum system in operation
• 
2004 - Tub Verd (Mataro) in operation
• 
2006 - 22@ system in operation
• 
2004-06 -Port-Zona Franca system planning/Municipality iniciative
• 
2005-06 – Parc de l Alba (Cerdanyola de Valles) tender/Public iniciative
• 
2006-07 -Sagrera system planning/Municipality iniciative
• 
2009-2010 Tub Verd (Mataro) substantial expansion
• 
2010-11 - Port-Zona Franca system in construction
• 
2011 - Parc de l Alba system in operation
• 
2012 - 22@ new centrale in operation
• 
2007-12 – Barcelona Metropolitan Area – several new candidates
• 
2012 - Port-Zona Franca system in operation
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Introduction
Forum-22@ - Barcelona,
Marina/Zona Franca - Barcelona
Chamartin – Madrid
Conclusions
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Port-Z.Franca
CD Valles
22@
Forum
Sagrera
Mataro
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Barcelona: LNG residual coolness / Heat from USW treatment
DHC*LEVANTE*
*
DHC*PONIENTE*
USW*/*WASTE*HEAT*
HEAT/BIOMASS*
WASTE*COOLNES*
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BESOS LLEVANT - Previous situation
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ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA ON THE BESOS
Forum: Besos – Sea waterfront
RIVER WATERFRONT
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Forum: Besos – Sea waterfront
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Ecoparc – Solid Waste Treatment
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30 tn/h vapor 8 barg
90/60ºC
500 m3
4 x 5000 kWt
Incineradora del Besòs
Demanda máx.
29 MWt calor
41 MWf frío
1 x 30 tn/h
~18000 kWt
90/60ºC
Red de Gas Natural
5/14ºC
5/14ºC
5300 m3/h max
Darsena Puerto
Sant Adrià
ΔT=5ºC
ΔT5º
C
Colector Clabsa
4 x 4500 kWf
5000 m3
Red eléctrica
conexión en alta
tensión
3 x 4000 kWf
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Initial Objetives
•  Max Demand heating 29 MWt
•  Max Demand cooling - 41 MWc
•  Fossile primary energy reduction 35%
•  Power consumption reduction 50%
•  GHG emission reduction 52%
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Conexión
con Peri 3
Central
energía
Forum
Planta
revalorización
RSU
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Forum - 22@
CENTRAL
FÒRUM
TERSA
CLIENTES EN SERVICIO
POTENCIA FRÍO: 68,3 MW || POTENCIA CALOR: 44,5 MW || Nº EDIFICIOS: 59 || KM RED: 13,1
HOTELES / RESIDENCIAS
OFICINAS
VIVIENDAS
COMERCIAL
CENTROS DOCENTES
OTROS
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3.*General*Diagram*
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CENTRAL FORUM
PLANTA VALORIZACIÓN RESIDUOS
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22@ Peak central
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Sagrera
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Cooling demand
> 40 MW
71.000 MWh/year
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• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Introduction
Forum-22@ - Barcelona
Marina/Zona Franca - Barcelona
Chamartin – Madrid
Conclusions
www.aiguasol.coop
Barcelona: LNG residual coolness / Heat from USW treatment
DHC*LEVANTE*
*
DHC*PONIENTE*
USW*/*WASTE*HEAT*
HEAT/BIOMASS*
WASTE*COOLNES*
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LNG Regasing plant in Barcelona (ENAGAS)
LNG Transport (-163C; 1 atm)
5 tanks (140.000 m3)
LNG Storage (-163C; 1 atm)
Sea water pumping, 15C
5 tanks (750.000 m3)
Sea water return, 10C
NG network to consumers (15C, 45 and 72bar)
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Current process description
Submerged
Combustion
1 atm
-163ºC
1 atm
-163ºC
Natural gas
consumption
45-72 bar
15ºC
9.300.000 m3/year
of LNG
5.600.000.000
m3(n)/year of natural
gas
Uses:
Cryogenic Generation
Seawater regassing
Liquid air separation
Liquefaction of Boil-Off Gas (BOG)
Freezing and conservation storage
950 GWh/year of
residual cooling
energy
Cooling seawater
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REGASSING & COOLING PRODUCTION
Cooling production capacity
The REAL cooling potential of the Regassing Plant is: 664.753 MWhc/year
Potencial de producción de frio real promedio
70.000
Minimum yearly
34.657 MWhc/month
60.000
MWhf
50.000
40.000
72 bar
45 bar
30.000
20.000
10.000
O
ct
ub
re
No
vie
m
br
e
Di
ci
em
br
e
br
e
Se
pt
ie
m
Ag
os
to
Ju
lio
Ju
ni
o
ay
o
M
Ab
ril
ar
zo
M
Fe
br
er
o
En
er
o
0
mes
The hourly analysis has allow determinate the average of the cooling power
during August, 47 MWc (76 MWc during the year),and the daily average in
august has been valuated in 1.120 MWhc/day
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Technical approach to coolness recovery
Vaporized
NG
(+0/+5C)
return
cold
"  
"  
Useful
cold
"
No interference
with
Regasification
process
No partial
loads allowed:
“use it or lose
it”
Temperature
levels that
allow a feasible
technical
solution
Sea water (10C)
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Urban planning
In this area many new and
future urban projects have
been under planning
85 buildings in the area, that exist or
are foreseen.
The total surface of tertiary sector are
sector 1.136.167 m2.
The freezing volume are 364.346 m3.
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DHC Poniente: ZF, Marina District, Pl. Europa
CIUTAT JUDICIAL
The Regassing plant
is located in the
Barcelona s Harbor.
Within a radius of 4
km there is an
industrial area and
tertiary sector.
GRAN VIA 2
FIRA MONJUIC II
CITY METROPOLITANA
MERCABARNA
PARC LOGÍSTIC ZF
Within this area
there are potential
consumers of both
industrial cooling
and of air
conditioning, in two
differentiated areas.
ÁMBITO GENERAL
4 km
REGASIFICADORA
ZAL
FUTURO CRECIMIENTO
ZAL
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Potential uses of the cooling energy
In the immediately environment of the Regassing Plant:
•  Industrial
•  Tertiary
(a huge potential in front of future urban development)
Depending on the temperature of use they are been classified like:
•  Refrigeration (+15ºC)
•  Air conditioning (+5ºC)
•  Conservation (-5ºC)
•  Freezing (-30ºC)
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Stakeholders in cool recovery
Cool to the sea
District Cooling
operator
Recovered
energy
LNG (-163C)
from overseas
Natural Gas
Supplier
(ENAGAS)
Vaporized
NG
District
cooling
Residential
Consumer
To the NG network
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Projectes Xarxa de calor i fred de Barcelona
Sud i l’Hospitalet de Llobregat
a
)
a
d
r,
a
e
d
es
si-
Article elaborat amb la col·laboració d'Àngel
Andreu, Gerent Ecoenergies Barcelona
Arran de la reconversió del barri de la Marina
de Barcelona en un nou espai urbà per a usos
terciaris i residencials, s'ha impulsat una xarxa
de calor i fred que utilitza energies renovables
i residuals com a fonts primàries per a produir
calenta,
freda
i fred
negatiu. La
© Ecoenergies Barcelona –aigua
Façana est
de la centralaigua
de energia
de la Zona
Franca
xarxa, gestionada per l’empresa Ecoenergies
Barcelona,
té com aratura
objectiu
donar
a una
ambient),
se liservei
aplica un
procés de
el suport d’unes calderes
convencionals
superfície d'1,2 milions de metres quadrats del
vaporització que necessita una aportació
de gas natural amb una potència total de
barri i també a la Zona Franca i algunes àrees
de calor.
90 MW.
de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat.
Actualment, aquest procés fa servir aigua
Fred residualElsde
deque,
marjuntament
com a fluid
calent,
qual es retordosla
recursos energètics
amb
el gaslai l'elecregasificaciótricitat, formen el mix energètic
na al que
marha
una
vegada
realitzat
l'intercanvi
de satisfer la demanda
Pel que fa al fred residual
que procedeix
de calor,
aprofitar
en capalprocés
energètica
de la xarxa de calor
i fredsense
que s’està
construint
Barcelonès
són la biomassa
queel
procedeix
de l'arbrat
de la planta de gasificació
de gasSud
natural
secundari
fred generat.
Aquest fred es
viari
i
de
boscos,
i
el
fred
residual
que
procedeix
del
procés
de
del Port de Barcelona, la gran innovació
transferirà a un circuit d'aigua glicolada
gasificació
del
gas
natural
liquat
del
port.
Això
té
lloc,
concredel projecte és que la nova instal·lació -la
al 35% fins a refredar-la a -10ºC, i transtament,
al
barri
de
la
Marina
de Barcelona,
una
urbana
central del Port d’Ecoenergies- aprofita
portat
a la central
dezona
la Zona
Franca. Una
reconvertida per l'Ajuntament d'aquesta ciutat en un nou espai
l'energia tèrmica que es genera durant el
vegada allà, es podrà emmagatzemar (en
per a usos terciaris i residencials, la Zona Franca i algunes àrefuncionament dels gasificadors (30MW).
dipòsits d’acumulació de gel) o bé fer-lo
es del municipi de l’Hospitalet de Llobregat. La instal·lació utiAls vaixells i als tancs, el gas liquat s’emservir per a processos industrials. De molitzarà també, en el cas que els propietaris hi estiguin d'acord,
© Ecoenergies Barcelona – Planta de biomassa
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Replicability
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• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Introduction
Forum-22@ - Barcelona
Marina/Zona Franca - Barcelona
Chamartin – Madrid
Conclusions
www.aiguasol.coop
Chamartin - Madrid
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Phasing
Fase'1A
Fase'1B
Fase'2
Fase'3
Fase'4
TOTAL
Período'de'ejecución
2013>2015
2015>2018
2017>2020
2019>2022
2025>2030
Superfície'edificable Número'de'edificios
((((((((((((((((((((415,848.00
25
((((((((((((((((((((791,136.00
23
((((((((((((((((1,185,906.00
54
((((((((((((((((((((512,064.00
44
((((((((((((((((((((398,434.00
27
''''''''''''''''3,303,388.00
173
Neighbourhood
growth
Fase%1A
Fase%1B
Fase%2
Fase%3
Fase%4
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METODOLOGY
'''
•  ESTABLISHMENT'OF'THE'TECHNO_ECONOMIC'HYPOTHESIS'''
•  DEMAND'ANALYSIS'UNDER'DIFFERENT'CRITERIA:'PRESENT'AND'
FORTHCOMING'BUILDING'CODES'
•  MAPPING'OF'THE'ENERGY'DEMANDS'WITHIN'THE'NEIGHBOURHOOD'
'''
•  AGREGATION'OF'THE'DEMANDS'WITHIN'DIFFERENT'NETWORKS,'AFTER'THE'
GROWTH'SCENARIOU'
•  EVALUATION'OF'THE'ENERGY'SUPLY'ALTERNATIVES'
•  FINANCE'ANALYSIS'OF'DIFEERENT'SCENARIOUS'
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DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR THE
NEIGBOURHOOD
Data'
introduc+on'
Shadowing'
evalua+on'
•  Tool':'Google'
Sketchup'
•  Tool':'Ecotect'
Dynamic'
simula+on'
buildings'
and'their'
environment'
Geografical'
localiza+on'
of'the'
demands'
•  Tool':'ArcGIS'
•  Tool':'TRNSYS'
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DEMAND CALCULATION FOR THE
NEIGBOURHOOD
• 
Offices
Edificio'
A_OFI_SA
Edificio'
A_OFI_SM
Edificio'
A_OFI_SB
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Demand Calculation For The
Neigbourhood
• 
Residential
Demanda,,específica,de,frío,,calor,y,ACS,en,las,viviendas
100.00%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
kWh/m2
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
!
ACS
CALOR
FRÍO
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Demand Calculation For The Neigbourhood
• 
Offices
Demanda,,específica,de,frío,,calor,y,ACS,en,las,oficinas
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
kWh/m2
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
!
ACS
CALOR
FRÍO
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MAPPING OF THE ENERGY DEMANDS
WITHIN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD
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Demand Agregation
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ENERGY SUPLY ALTERNATIVES
• 
Co/tri generation
• 
• 
Biogas
Solar integration
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SOLAR INTEGRATION
Captadores solares
distribuidos
Planta central de
generación
Red de distribución general
Estación de
y solar
transferencia
individual
Acumulación estacional
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SOLAR INTEGRATION
1)  Connection to the return, without storage
2)  Connection via segregated circuit; with seasonal storage
3)  Network 2.0: low temp distribution (45º C). Excess heat from office air
conditioning with distributed HP. Solar connected before oa after HP
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FINANCE ANALYSIS
Análisis'de'sensibilidad'respecto'al'precio'del'gas'fase'2
Análisis*de*sensibilidad*del*resultado*respecto*a*incremento*precio*de*la*
energía**fase*2
18,00%
18,00%
16,00%
16,00%
14,00%
14,00%
12,00%
12,00%
10,00%
10,00%
gas+0.028+€/kWh
8,00%
gas+a+0.018+€/kWh
ESCENARIO+BASE
TIR
gas+0.023+€/kWh
ESCENARIO+FAVORABLE+A+LA+ELECTRICIDAD
8,00%
ESCENARIO+FAVORABLE+AL+GAS
6,00%
6,00%
4,00%
4,00%
2,00%
2,00%
0,00%
0,00%
J620N+ABS+3000+kW
J620N+ABS+1500+kW
J620N+ABS+0+kW
J620N+ABS+3000+ J620N+ABS+1500+ J620N+ABS+0+kW
kW
kW
2+x+J620N+ABS+3000+kW 2+x+J620N+ABS+1500+kW 2+x+J620N+ABS+0+kW
Rentabilidad*en*casos*conexión
2+x+J620N+ABS+
3000+kW
2+x+J620N+ABS+ 2+x+J620N+ABS+0+
1500+kW
kW
Rentabilidad*bajo*distintas*velocidades*de*
conexión
25,00%
25,00%
20,00%
20,00%
15,00%
15,00%
10,00%
10,00%
5,00%
5,00%
0,00%
J620N*ABS*3000* J620N*ABS*1500* J620N*ABS*0*kW
kW
kW
100%*conexión
2*x*J620N*ABS*
3000*kW
80%*conexión
2*x*J620N*ABS*
1500*kW
70%*conexión
2*x*J620N*ABS*0*
kW
0,00%
J620N*ABS*3000* J620N*ABS*1500* J620N*ABS*0*kW 2*x*J620N*ABS*
kW
kW
3000*kW
5*años
2*x*J620N*ABS* 2*x*J620N*ABS*0*
1500*kW
kW
9*años
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  Introduction
  Forum-22@ - Barcelona
  Marina/Zona Franca - Barcelona
  Chamartin – Madrid
  Conclusions
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Several areas for innovation:
!  Technological
"  In core technology
"  In system management (by source using, by demand
management)
"  In system implementation
!  Non technological
"  In COMMUNICATION
"  In pricing system
"  In finance
"  In client capturing
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Core technology
!  Production
"  Efficiency of the conventional equipment (including growth /
volume – to industrial machines); Magnetic levitation
beerings
"  Natural sources (free cooling: see, lakes, rivers, aquifers,
snow; solar; geothermal)
"  Residual energy (waste treatment, regasing LNG)
"  CO2 reuse
!  Distribution
"  Network capacity increase (DT)
"  Materials+ insulation (nanotech, High Performance Thermal
Insulation )
"  Fluids
"  Storage (phase change – ice slurries)
"  System implementation (synergy with other infrastructures)
"  DHC 2.0
!  Delivery
"  Communication with client system (<=> non tech. - Dynamic
pricing)
"  Foster alternative solutions on client side (in planning)
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"  Admit lower in temperature on primary
THANK YOU !
[email protected]
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