section 5 – living near ontario`s eastern massasauga rattlesnake

SECTION 5 – LIVING NEAR
ONTARIO’S EASTERN
MASSASAUGA RATTLESNAKE
In southern Ontario, widespread urban and rural development has greatly reduced
the amount of wild area. Agriculture, and other land-use activities, have altered or
destroyed many natural wildlife habitats. Historically, the eastern massasauga
rattlesnake had a much wider distribution than it does today. The present range
consists of only four regions: the Ojibway Prairie Complex, Wainfleet Bog, parts
of the Bruce Peninsula, and areas along the eastern shores and adjacent islands of
Georgian Bay. Each of these areas is profiled in this section, introducing readers
to each population, their unique habitats, the threats they face, and how the public
can help protect this threatened species.
Historical range.
Present range map.
THE OJIBWAY PRAIRIE COMPLEX
DESCRIPTION
Southern Ontario is not well known for its prairie habitat. But it does contain small
patches of tallgrass prairie. Historically, tallgrass prairie communities once covered
much of southern Ontario. Agriculture and urban development reduced 1000 km2 of
beautiful tall flowers and grasses to small remnant patches in scattered locations,
totaling less than 30 km2. In Essex County, a thriving 350 ha Ojibway Prairie Complex
is located within the City of Windsor. Smaller patches of prairie habitat can be found
in neighbouring La Salle. The reduction and isolation of these natural areas has
threatened the existence of many plant and animal species, including the eastern
massasauga rattlesnake.
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Tallgrass Prairie Heritage Park.
Ojibway’s remaining natural areas are outlined in
green. The City of Windsor and the Town of
La Salle surround these isolated sections.
PROTECTED AREAS
Ojibway’s unique prairie habitat is vital to the survival of many plants and animals.
These species, including Ontario’s only prairie population of eastern massasauga
rattlesnakes, have evolved to inhabit this ecosystem. Although the Ojibway Prairie
Complex provides some protection, many massasauga rattlesnakes
are seen on nearby, adjacent private lands that are threatened with
development.
THREATS
Much development is occurring in the City of Windsor and the neighbouring Town of La Salle. These projects are ongoing all around the
vicinity of the Ojibway Prairie Complex. Construction of roads and new
communities has brought in a higher volume of traffic, and increased
the number of snakes killed on roadways.
Ojibway Prairie Provincial Nature Reserve.
44
Habitat loss and fragmentation due to development threatens the
survival of remaining prairie habitat and its associated wildlife. Only a
few small areas remain which seem suitable for massasaugas habitat.
Paved roads, strip malls, and residential areas partition these prairie
remnants. The snake’s movement is therefore limited throughout its
local range and between the very few protected areas.
Development, roads and fences isolate natural
habitat to small parcels of land, often far from
any other nearby natural areas.
Snake habitat fragmented alongside a
road and new sidewalk.
Prairie degradation from long-term fire suppression has altered some
areas, rendering them unsuitable for many species dependent on the
unique prairie ecosystem. Without periodic burning, woody shrubs and
non-native plants have taken over prairie areas, making them too
shady for snakes and other prairie inhabitants.
Human persecution seriously impacts the survival of this small
rattlesnake population. Massasaugas have a low reproductive rate
and the loss of even a few adults can have severe repercussions.
Collection of snakes for the pet trade occurs, though it is illegal and
potentially dangerous. These limited and isolated populations may
become threatened by an absence of unrelated adults. A lack of
genetic diversity may result in inbreeding and in turn weaken the
population. Researchers are attempting to determine how likely this
threat may be by collecting blood from area snakes for analysis.
Aerial photo showing part of the Ojibway Prairie and the
various bisecting roads and nearby developed city.
RESEARCH AND PROTECTION
Land
Little chance exists of reclaiming land that has been developed within the City of
Windsor and Town of La Salle. Alternatively, the recovery team and its supporters
have decided that one of their goals will be to promote the purchasing of undeveloped or former agricultural land. The land will be renaturalized as required to create
additional prairie habitat. Such habitat management will help support and encourage
the survival of snakes and countless other native species in this area.
Barriers
Another goal of the recovery team is to erect barriers in certain areas and along
high-risk roads to prevent snakes from crossing these roadways and being killed.
Physically linking natural areas is one of the most beneficial practices in the
conservation and preservation of all wild species.
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION
Scientific research (such as population surveys and radio tracking) has helped
improve wildlife management practices. The information obtained from telemetry
research has helped to improve the timing of prescribed burns in the Ojibway Prairie
Complex so that the fires occur before snakes emerge from hibernation.
45
Some snakes at Ojibway are implanted with a small
radio transmitter and are tracked with a receiver. This
method of research helps biologists discover the
movements and preferred habitat of the massasauga.
Photo of a radio transmitter to be
implanted in the snake.
Scientists have conducted years of research at the Ojibway Prairie
Complex, and have gained a better understanding of massasauga
habits and habitat requirements. The Ojibway Nature Centre
contains live exhibits, including an eastern massasauga
rattlesnake and eastern fox snake, and conducts programs
for all ages designed to provide information on these snakes.
A public outreach program, “Living with Rattlesnakes,” has been
presented at local schools and libraries to inform children
about snakes.
Community involvement during talks, workshops
and visits to the Ojibway Nature Centre aid in snake
awareness and conservation.
Media coverage and participation in local events have helped promote
the massasauga recovery project and improved public awareness of
the massasauga. Local landowners have been very supportive of the
massasauga recovery project by reporting sightings and allowing
researchers access to their properties.
THE OJIBWAY NATURE CENTRE INSPIRES PEOPLE TO LEARN ABOUT
SNAKES THROUGH ITS LIVE EXHIBITS, INTERACTIVE PROGRAMS,
HANDS- ON WORKSHOPS, AND INFORMATIVE BROCHURES.
PRESCRIBED BURNS
Prairie environments depend on fire for survival. Periodic spring
burning promotes the early growth of warm season prairie plants,
removes the accumulation of leaf litter, and kills invading woody plant
growth. The Ojibway Prairie Complex began a long term burn program
in 1978, which has been very successful in maintaining the prairie
landscape.
Prescribed burns aid in maintaining the
fragile prairie ecosystem.
46
Exotic and/or invasive species can overtake
prairie habitat unless fire is used to
rejuvenate these areas.
FIRE
The Ojibway Prairie Complex conducts prescribed burns to
rejuvenate the prairie. This practice mimics fires that once
occurred naturally. Officials take care to deliver these burns
safely and early in the year, so to avoid any snake mortality
while retaining the natural structure of the prairie.
The Ojibway Nature Interpretive Centre.
INVOLVEMENT IN PRAIRIE PROTECTION
Many individuals, groups, and government agencies are aiding in
the protection and recovery of Ontario’s tallgrass prairie. The City of
Windsor, the Friends of Ojibway Prairie, the Ontario Ministry of Natural
Resources, Ontario Parks, and Tallgrass Ontario are just some of
the many groups and agencies dedicated to prairie conservation.
LIVING WITH OJIBWAY ’S PRAIRIE WILDLIFE
There are many things you can do to make your property conducive
to snakes:
Ojibway Prairie Provincial Nature Reserve.
1. Create or maintain natural habitat
2. Report your rattlesnake sightings
3. Become a concerned property owner
4. Learn more about Ojibway’s wildlife
1. CREATE OR MAINTAIN NATURAL HABITAT
Natural prairie may still be present in your area. Since habitat loss is
one of the greatest threats facing wildlife, a part of your property could
be set aside as a safe haven for many prairie species.
Planting prairie species on your property is a good start toward
recovering and maintaining a natural community. The Ojibway Nature
Centre can help you identify prairie species that may inhabit your property, and can provide suggestions on suitable plants to cultivate. Removing
invasive exotic plants will also help by giving native species room to grow.
August blooms within Ojibway Prairie.
47
You can create cover by establishing brush piles, rocks, logs, long grass, and leaf
litter. These habitat features will attract snakes, amphibian species, and even small
mammals.
Cover provides snakes with resting areas, safety, hunting grounds, gestation
areas, and shelter from the elements. If you presently do not have cover on
your property, many natural items may be used. If you do have a resident
massasauga, do not disturb the existing cover. To reduce human-snake
interactions, establish your snake habitat away from public or well used areas.
Many of the same items used for cover can be used for basking. Large flat rocks,
wood and brush piles, fallen trees or bare ground are ideal habitats for snakes.
Since massasaugas are sensitive to disturbances, these habitats should be
established in a quiet, undisturbed area.
2. REPORT YOUR RATTLESNAKE SIGHTINGS
The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources operates Ontario’s Natural Heritage
Information Centre (NHIC). The Centre is dedicated to protecting Ontario’s
biodiversity, and is responsible for assembling and organizing information on
species at risk.
First hand reports of any species at risk can be made through the NHIC website at
http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/nhic/nhic.html or by mail:
Natural Heritage Information Centre
Ministry of Natural Resources
300 Water Street, 2nd Floor, North Tower
Peterborough, Ontario K9J 8M5, Canada
Tel: (705) 755-2159 Fax: (705) 755-2168
It is important to report your sightings, since wildlife managers use this information
to track the status and distribution of various species.
If you lack Internet access, you can report your sightings by calling
the local MNR office and speaking to the wildlife biologist or ecologist.
You can also call the Ojibway Nature Centre at (519) 966-5852
(see Section 7). Since misidentification of snakes is always a
possibility, providing a photograph of the snake may help officials
confirm the species.
3. BECOME A CONCERNED PROPERTY OWNER
Concerned property owners around the Ojibway Prairie area can
minimize stress on snake populations by:
Natural areas left on a property within
the Town of La Salle.
• allowing unused property to become naturalized;
• retaining brush piles instead of burning them;
• allowing natural vegetation to grow;
• learning more about the wildlife in their area.
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Become an advocate for the protection of local prairie remnants and rare species.
Join the Friends of Ojibway Prairie and support local efforts aimed at prairie
restoration and wildlife research:
The Friends of Ojibway Prairie, c/o Ojibway Nature Centre
5200 Matchette Road,
Windsor, ON, N9C 4E8
Tel: 519-966-5852
4. LEARN MORE ABOUT OJIBWAY ’S WILDLIFE
Visit the Ojibway Nature Centre. The staff are available to answer questions and
provide information on the many rare bird, plant, insect and reptile species that live
in and around the Ojibway Prairie Complex. Contact the Ojibway Nature Centre at
519-966-5852 and visit their website [www.city.windsor.on.ca/ojibway/index.htm].
WAINFLEET BOG
DESCRIPTION
Wainfleet Bog, near Port Colborne, is one of the few acidic bogs left
in Southern Ontario. Many rare species inhabit the bog, including
one of the smallest and least studied populations of the eastern
massasauga rattlesnake.
Wainfleet Bog is 1,200 hectares. The bog is a remnant of a much
larger wetland complex but has been reduced to only about 6 percent
of its original size.
This varied habitat supports a unique mix of plant and animal
communities that depend on the bog for survival.
Wainfleet Bog, near Port Colborne.
The Wainfleet Bog’s wetlands include wet treed hardwood swamp,
dense tall shrubs, drier hummocky low shrub, and moss habitats.
Bog plant species such as leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), pitcher-plant
(Sarracenia purpurea) and labrador tea (Ledum groenlandicum) occur here,
along with many rare animal species.
Not only does Wainfleet Bog contain populations of rare and threatened plants and
wildlife, it is also a source of water, and aids in flood control. Various hiking trails
allow one to explore the bog, its wildlife and the surrounding area.
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PROTECTED AREAS
The rich diversity of rare plants and animals in many areas of Wainfleet
Bog are now protected.
The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources has identified the bog as a
provincially significant wetland.
Drainage ditches used to dry out parts of the bog.
Part of the bog has been identified by the Ontario Ministry of Natural
Resources as a provincially significant Life Science ANSI (Area of
Natural or Scientific Interest). These designations reflect the
importance of this landscape in Ontario. Significant patches of this
rare habitat, or associated buffer areas that link a diversity of habitats,
is on private property.
The bog and its species have protection under the Fish and Wildlife
Conservation Act, the Planning Act, the Conservation Authorities
Act, Statement of Conservation (Federal), and is managed for
rehabilitation by the Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority
Wainfleet Bog Management Plan.
THREATS
Sphagnum moss covers various areas
within the bog, creating suitable habitat for many
species, including the massasauga.
In the past few decades, human actions have drastically changed the
Wainfleet Bog area. These changes have reduced or fragmented much
of the natural habitat.
Commercial interests dug drainage ditches to lower the water table,
providing dry access to the bog for peat extraction, local farming, and
potential development. Drainage caused the water table to be altered
and resulted in a subsequent loss of soil moisture. Wildlife biologists
are also concerned about snake deaths from traffic on the area’s
highways.
With its rich diversity of rare plants and animals,
Wainfleet Bog is a fascinating place to explore.
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Much of the bog was once privately owned by a peat extraction
company. Today, 74 percent of the Wainfleet Bog is publicly owned,
thanks to a joint purchase by the Niagara Peninsula Conservation
Authority (NPCA), the Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC) and the
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR). Led by the NPCA,
management of the wetland and its species is achieved through
these contributing parties and landowners adjacent to the bog.
ONCE DISTURBED, THIS TYPE OF ECOSYSTEM CAN TAKE CENTURIES
TO RECOVER FROM LARGE DISRUPTIONS.
Abandoned peat extraction machinery.
Once used to transport extracted peat,
old tracks across a drainage ditch have
since been overgrown by vegetation.
RESEARCH AND PROTECTION
Massasaugas were once commonly seen in this area. Today, they are
rarely found. Concerted efforts are needed to ensure the survival of
this isolated population.
WAINFLEET RECOVERY INITIATIVES
Wildlife
• Data Collection on wildlife in the area
• Research on wildlife habitat use within the bog
• Population assessment
• Indicator and rare species research
• Educational material on rattlesnakes
Massasauga basking on brush pile
within Wainfleet Bog.
Hydrology
• Restoration of more original bog water table
• Monitoring water levels
Vegetation
• Restored bare peat extracted fields
• Restoring bog plant communities
• Developing educational tours and self interpretative trails
• Monitored vegetation studies during various bog restoration phases
• restoration trials
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People
• Community awareness through workshops
• Volunteer programs
• Landowner habitat maintenance and enhancement
RECOVERY BENEFITS
The recovery efforts are proving beneficial. Water levels are being
restored in some areas, allowing natural regeneration of bog plant
species and the replenishment of natural soil moisture.
Landowner contact, workshops, media coverage, and newsletters
are helping educate the public about this area and the massasauga
rattlesnake.
Volunteers are participating in large, structured snake sighting
surveys, helping biologists survey the massasauga.
Water levels are being restored in some
areas of the Wainfleet Bog.
Wildlife biologists have implanted snakes with radio transmitters, so
that recovery team members can follow the snakes’ movements and
come to better understand its needs and habits in the area.
Information on snake movements is being used for habitat
enhancement, habitat protection, and other activities in the bog.
LIVING WITH WAINFLEET BOG ’S WILDLIFE
There are many things you can do to make your property conducive to snakes:
1. Create or maintain natural habitat
2. Report your rattlesnake sightings
3. Be a supporting farm or property owner
4. Learn more about Wainfleet’s wildlife
1. CREATE OR MAINTAIN NATURAL HABITAT
Natural bog habitat may still be present in your area. Since habitat loss is one of the
greatest threats facing Wainfleet’s wildlife, a part of your property could be set aside
as a safe haven for many bog species. You can create cover by establishing brush
piles, rocks, logs, long grass, and leaf litter. These habitat features will attract
snakes, amphibian species, and even small mammals.
Planting bog species on your property is a good start toward recovering and maintaining a natural community. Contact Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority
(NPCA) office at (905) 788-3135 ext.241 to work out a joint habitat restoration plan.
Removing invasive exotic plants will also help by giving native species room to grow.
Information on seeds, plant types, and naturally recovered areas is available through
Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority at: (905) 788-3135 ext.241 or the
Federation of Ontario Naturalists at: (416) 444-8419.
52
Cover provides snakes with resting areas, safety, hunting grounds, gestation
areas, and shelter from the elements. If you presently do not have cover on
your property, many natural items may be used. If you do have a resident
massasauga, do not disturb the existing cover. To reduce human-snake interactions, establish your snake habitat away from public or well used areas. Many
of the same items used for cover can be used for basking. Large flat rocks,
wood and brush piles, fallen trees or bare ground are ideal habitats for snakes.
Since massasaugas are sensitive to disturbances, these habitats should be
established in a quiet, undisturbed area.
2. REPORT YOUR SNAKE SIGHTINGS
The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources operates Ontario’s Natural Heritage
Information Centre (NHIC). The Centre is dedicated to protecting Ontario’s
biodiversity and is responsible for assembling and organizing information on
species at risk.
First hand reports of any species at risk can be made through the NHIC website at
http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/nhic/nhic.html or by mail:
Natural Heritage Information Centre
Ministry of Natural Resources
300 Water Street, 2nd Floor, North Tower
Peterborough, Ontario K9J 8M5, Canada
Tel: (705) 755-2159 Fax: (705) 755-2168
It is important to report your sightings, since wildlife managers use this information
to track the status and distribution of various species, and to manage or restore
protected areas and trails.
If you lack Internet access, you can report sightings by calling the local MNR office
and speaking to the wildlife biologist or ecologist or by calling Niagara Peninsula
Conser vation Authority (905) 788-3135 ext.241 (see Section 7). Since
misidentification of snakes is always a possibility, providing a photograph of the
snake may help officials confirm the species.
3. BE A SUPPORTING FARM OR PROPERTY OWNER
Farmers and other property owners around the Wainfleet Bog area can minimize
stress on snake populations by:
• allowing unused property to return to a natural state;
• retaining brush piles instead of burning them;
• allowing natural vegetation to grow;
• learning more about the wildlife in your area;
• maintaining a grass/mower height where the blade will not cut a snake;
• cutting grass during non-basking times to prevent accidental snake mortality.
53
4. LEARN MORE ABOUT WAINFLEET ’S WILDLIFE
Many bird, plant, insect and reptile species live in and around Wainfleet Bog. You can
learn more about the massasauga and other species within this bog habitat by
contacting the NPCA at (905) 788-3135 ext.241 or www.conservation-niagara.on.ca
or MNR (Vineland) at (905) 562-4147.
BRUCE PENINSULA
DESCRIPTION
The Bruce Peninsula is home to many rare species, including the eastern
massasauga rattlesnake. The area is made very ecologically diverse by its exposed
limestone bedrock, vertical cliffs (part of the Niagara Escarpment), numerous
wetlands, mixed forest, fens, dunes and open alvars.
Areas such as this fen are ideal habitat
for the massasauga.
PROTECTED AREAS
Increasingly, people seek wilderness escapes and picturesque vacations on the Bruce Peninsula. National and provincial parks, and
smaller reserves, provide and protect the natural areas that attract
many visitors. These areas also provide protected habitats for wildlife,
including the eastern massasauga rattlesnake.
Along the Bruce, much needed open rock and shade
areas are available to the massasauga.
54
Such parks include:
• Bruce Peninsula National Park of Canada;
• Fathom Five National Marine Park of Canada;
• Cabot Head Provincial Nature Reserve;
• Petrel Point Nature Reserve and Dyer’s Bay Road Alvar Nature Reserve.
As well, thousands of private landowners help protect important areas
for the snakes.
THREATS
The Bruce Peninsula is a relatively narrow section of land with
bisecting roads.
An ever-increasing demand for homes and cottages has contributed
greatly to habitat destruction and fragmentation.
Populations of rare plants and animals have some habitat protection in
parks and nature reserves. However, some species also need to move
across landscapes, on both public and private lands. Plants and
animals do not live within human-set boundaries.
Human persecution of snakes has furthered the decline of the
massasauga and other snake species in Ontario. This behaviour
promotes a continued misunderstanding of this species, perpetuating
an erroneously negative image of snakes in the eyes of the general
community and younger generations.
The collection of snakes for the pet trade, although illegal and
potentially dangerous, also occurs.
Habitat destruction is a large factor in the decline
of most reptiles, including the massasauga.
Road mortalities are a common cause of
death for massasaugas.
Habitat diversity on the Bruce Peninsula
includes spectacular wetlands.
55
Within the Bruce Peninsula and eastern Georgian Bay populations, sub-populations
of massasaugas exist that are essentially isolated from one another. Any loss in
adult snakes could adversely affect sub-populations due to the limited numbers of
snakes in each area.
Woodland habitat used by the massasauga
along the Bruce Peninsula.
RESEARCH AND PROTECTION
Some snakes along the Bruce Peninsula are implanted
with a small radio transmitter and tracked with a receiver.
This method of research helps biologists discover the
movements and preferred habitat of the massasauga.
Education
National and provincial parks conduct workshops and interpretive
programs that increase public awareness and help protect and
conserve rare species.
Ongoing research into the ecology and biology of the massasauga
is helping scientists to better understand the management
needs of this species.
Talks at the Bruce Peninsula National Park help
educate visitors about the massasauga.
56
LIVING WITH WILDLIFE ON THE BRUCE PENINSULA
There are many things you can do to make your property conducive
to snakes:
1. Create or maintain natural habitat
2. Report your rattlesnake sightings
3. Be a concerned camper, cottager, or property owner
4. Learn more about the wildlife of the Bruce Peninsula
1. CREATE OR MAINTAIN NATURAL HABITAT
Natural habitat, and native plant and animal species, may still be
present in your area. Since habitat loss is one of the greatest threats
facing the wildlife of the Bruce Peninsula, a part of your property could
be set aside as a safe haven for many wild species. You can create
cover by establishing brush piles, rocks, logs, long grass, and leaf
litter. These habitat features will attract snakes, amphibian species,
and even small mammals.
People of all ages can learn about the snakes
that inhabit their region.
Planting native species found on the Bruce Peninsula is a good start in recovering
and maintaining a natural community on your property. Removing invasive exotic
plants will also help by giving native species room to grow. Information on seeds,
plant types, and naturally recovered areas is available through the Federation of
Ontario Naturalists.
Areas with long grasses, wood piles and refuse piles may also attract wildlife such as
snakes, small mammals and amphibians. Exposed rock outcrops and clearings are
beneficial to snakes for basking and other daily activities. Maintaining natural areas
can improve the health of the surrounding habitat and wildlife.
2. REPORT YOUR SNAKE SIGHTINGS
The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources operates Ontario’s Natural Heritage
Information Centre (NHIC). The Centre is dedicated to protecting Ontario’s biodiversity
and is responsible for assembling and organizing information on species at risk.
First hand reports of any species at risk can be made through the NHIC website at
http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/nhic/nhic.html or by mail:
Natural Heritage Information Centre
Ministry of Natural Resources
300 Water Street, 2nd Floor, North Tower
Peterborough, Ontario K9J 8M5, Canada
Tel: (705) 755-2159 Fax: (705) 755-2168
It is important to report your sightings, since wildlife managers use this information
to track the status and distribution of various species.
57
If you lack Internet access, you can report your sightings from the Bruce Peninsula by
calling the local MNR office in Owen Sound and speaking to the wildlife biologist
or ecologist or by calling Bruce Peninsula National Park (see section 7). Since
misidentification of snakes is always a possibility, providing a photograph of the
snake may help officials confirm the species.
3. BE A CONCERNED CAMPER , COTTAGER , OR PROPERTY OWNER
Concerned campers, cottagers, and property owners around the
Bruce Peninsula can minimize stress on snake populations by:
• accepting snakes in all areas of the Bruce;
• allowing unused property to return to a natural state;
• retaining brush piles instead of burning them;
• allowing natural vegetation to grow;
• attending workshops on rattlesnake conservation;
• learning more about the wildlife in your area.
Cottage development on the Bruce Peninsula.
4. LEARN MORE ABOUT THE WILDLIFE OF
THE BRUCE PENINSULA
Many rare bird, plant, insect and reptile species live in and around the
Bruce Peninsula. You can learn about the massasauga and other
species in your area by contacting the resources in Section 7.
STEWARDSHIP AT WORK IN YOUR COMMUNITY
Bruce Peninsula Region (as seen in the Rattlesnake Tales newsletter
vol.11, No. 1)
“Daddy, there’s a rattler on the sand pile”
By Joyce Mackenzie Hirasawa
If you happen to be a permanent or occasional resident of the Bruce Peninsula and
the parents of small children, in all likelihood you would take the above statement
seriously and move quickly to investigate. So we did. Indeed it was a rattler.
Let me situate you a bit. Three years ago we purchased a Lake Huron waterfront
property. The property encompasses 14 acres of woods, mixed bush, open areas,
marsh and rocky waterfront. It is very private. We are very fortunate in that we share
this beautiful environment with an abundance of wildlife: bear, deer, fox, skunk,
raccoon and porcupine. The early riser might see a great blue heron perched on a
rock. We have frogs, salamanders, garter snakes, mud turtles, water snakes,
smooth green snakes, fox snakes and yes, the eastern massasauga rattler.
58
Until we put a road in, the property had never been touched. To reach the open area
where we spent most of our time, we would hike in along a surveyor’s cut. During the
course of an average day we might spot one full-grown rattler somewhere along the
surveyor’s cut, another in an open clearing. Another day, we might see one down by
the water, and later, yet another slithering out from under the cabin which is quite
a distance away from the water. It became clear to us we had a healthy community of
rattlers on our property. We also knew very little about the eastern massasauga
rattler. So there was no question we had to educate ourselves about the snake and
protect and educate our children. We wanted to avoid instilling fear of snakes in
them, so our approach was to bring them to the point where they could identify them
by colour, pattern and of course, with the rattler-sound. We are Toronto Zoo members
and began paying special attention to the rattler display there; lifting the kids up to
the window so they could get a close look; pressing the button so they could hear the
rattle. We began this “education” when they were 2 and 3 years old. Our two children
are now 4 and 5 years old. We also have a very curious golden retriever. Small
children and dogs have some things in common. They’re quick, they’re
curious, they’re closer to ground level and they’re fascinated and
delighted with anything that moves. Our dog sniffs everything. Our
oldest child will attempt to pick up anything. Our walks to the waterfront
have always been interesting. The children look for frogs and we’re
likely to encounter many different snakes. In truth, when we first
began spending time at the proper ty, the only snakes we could
positively identify were the gar ter snakes and the eastern
massasauga rattler. My husband is really good at hearing then
quickly locating the rattler. Most times it has just moved away and we
were able to move on. Other times, it has moved just a foot away,
curled up next to a log and stayed in that spot for up to an hour.
Sometimes this has necessitated a rather large detour while carrying a
rather large load of construction material!
Although the children always walk or swim with an adult, our concern
when we’re up there is that they be attentive to sounds and movement when walking
in the bush. We sing a little song over and over again; “What do you do when you see
a snake? Move away and leave the snake alone.” Even in the hottest weather, they
don long pants and rubber boots for the hike down to the water. However, as a precaution, I felt I should have a clear action plan should one of us get bitten. I called
the Hospital for Sick Kids and did get first aid information from them. I stopped in at
the hospital in Wiarton and spoke with a nurse who mentioned that they did not
have any anti-venom. I then spoke with a nurse at the hospital in Lion’s Head who
said that anti-venom was not always necessary, but they always had a
supply of it.
From home, I’d been attempting to get answers to the many questions I had about
the rattler. The Internet yielded some answers. Park pamphlets also provided good
information. Given what we had learned so far about a rattler’s range, we wondered
how we could be seeing so many. Sometime this past spring, I spoke with Bob
Johnson at the Toronto Zoo who began sending me the Rattlesnake Tales newsletter.
It continues to provide much information and I eagerly read every one. From the April
1998 issue I learned of a conference being organized by Chris Parent at Killbear
Provincial Park where he and the other members of his team are researching the
eastern massasauga rattler. I contacted him hoping to obtain copies of some of the
papers that were being presented and really ended up learning much more from him
and his team than I’d ever hoped to. Several people have been very generous with
their time and information and my husband and I feel more confident now because
we know more. We can now identify most of our resident snakes. We’ve purchased
Peterson’s Guides to everything – reptiles, plants and birds, and an Audubon
Guide or two. We are seriously into identifying anything that grows or moves on
our property. See what hanging around researchers does!
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Back to the Sandpile. This summer we wanted to create a relatively worry-free area
for our kids to play in and had a truckload of sand dumped a few yards away from the
cabin we were building. While we worked on the cabin our kids played on the sand
pile. A few weeks ago, I returned from collecting wood to find my husband sitting with
the kids. He says to our 5-year old “Tell mommy what you saw on the sand pile.”
My 5-year old replies “Mommy, I saw a snake.” “What kind of snake?” I ask. To this
the little one answers “ A rattler.” I looked up at my husband and he gives me a nod.
Then I ask the little one “ So, what did you do?” And then came the words I was
hoping to hear, “I moved away and went and told Daddy.” My husband then
confirmed that he had in fact just removed and relocated the rattler from the sand
pile where the kids had been playing all afternoon. The rattler was less than 2 feet
from the kids.
Certainly, we never imagined they would be alone when they encountered a rattler.
We had been doing everything possible to avoid that situation mainly because you
just can’t be sure what your child will do. Needless to say, we were absolutely delighted
that our 5-year old was able to identify the rattler. He did exactly as we hoped he
would – he remained calm and moved away from the snake. The only other thing he
could have done to better that was if he’d taken his little brother with him when he
left to advise his dad! Our little one never even noticed the snake. I think we probably
have to accept that there will be close encounters from time to time. The best one
can do with young children is to teach them to identify the various snakes and to
move away when one comes near. Hopefully, the children learn to do the right thing.
Georgian Bay region
Sometimes you just get lucky
By Linda M.
Sometimes you just get lucky.
That’s exactly how I felt on a beautiful day in August 2000. My
husband and I were just beginning a hike on the Bruce Trail near the
pretty village of Lion’s Head on Georgian Bay. I hadn’t taken more than
20 steps when my husband exclaimed, “Look at this snake”!
Open areas such as this allow snakes an
opportunity to bask and seek shelter in
nearby vegetation.
Now that’s the kind of line, especially when you know you’re in
massasauga rattlesnake countr y, that definitely makes you stop
short. Turning around I spotted what I knew to be an eastern
massasauga rattlesnake. It wasn’t five feet from me, stretched out
with its head up, lying perfectly still. I had stepped right over it!
If we had been searching for this elusive, retiring animal we would never have found
it. I’m sure of that. We were just planning a nice walk, enjoying the day and not even
thinking about rattlesnakes. But there it was right in front of us, likely much more
concerned about us than we were about it.
And it was really quite beautiful. The pattern on the skin was very defined, with the
upper dark brown blotches matching perfectly with the ones on the bottom. The
blotches almost touched leaving a creamy, wavy line running the length of the reptile.
I learned later that this species more commonly displays a mottled, “dustier”
appearance.
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At first we just stared at it, not believing our good fortune. We knew these snakes
inhabited the area along Georgian Bay and that sightings have been made on the
Bruce Peninsula. Still, it is not often that you have the opportunity to see a wild
animal in its natural habitat and we wanted to savour the moment. We knelt down
and moved a little closer, all the time remaining very aware that this is a venomous
reptile. For my husband it was the size and shape that was a surprise. He thought
they would be much longer and sleeker – more like the Diamondback that can reach
over six feet in length. This rattler was perhaps two feet long, and fat! Massasaugas
are thick-bodied snakes and their maximum length is just over three feet.
We had perhaps a minute more to take a look at a reptile that is much maligned,
misunderstood and increasingly rare. Just before it slipped away we snapped a
picture. It was a great moment, one my husband and I will long remember. I had
never before observed a massasauga in the wild. It is a very different viewing, one
that creates excitement and respect. The snake is venomous but this is a nonaggressive animal with a built-in warning mechanism. If left alone this animal will
retreat, but the chances of actually seeing one are rare. But we did. We got lucky.
EASTERN GEORGIAN BAY
DESCRIPTION
The Eastern Georgian Bay shoreline, blessed with numerous islands
and a diverse interior habitat, represents the largest land area where
the eastern massasauga rattlesnake may be found. The area is
comprised of mixed forests, extensive areas of exposed bedrock,
and an abundance of wetlands, including marshes, swamps, fens, and
bogs. Despite the large area, many massasauga populations in this
region are under threat and in danger of declining.
PROTECTED AREAS
National and provincial Parks offer some protection for rattlesnakes.
These parks include:
• Killarney Provincial Park
• Killbear Provincial Park
• Six Mile Lake Provincial Park
• Oastler Lake Provincial Park
Exposed bedrock along Georgian Bay.
• Sturgeon Bay Provincial Park
• Awenda Provincial Park
• Grundy Lake Provincial Park
• French River Provincial Park
• Massasauga Provincial Park
• Georgian Bay Islands National Park of Canada
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The provincial government’s Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy, covering
45 percent of the province, outlines the intended strategic direction for the
management of Crown Lands and waters. A main objective of this strategy was the
completion of Ontario’s system of parks and protected areas. Once completed,
12 percent of the land and water base will belong to a park or conservation reserve.
Contact your local Ministry of Natural Resources office for more details.
THREATS
Remote areas with ideal massasauga habitat, and limited disturbance,
still exist and harbour rattlesnake populations that are presumably
healthy. However, the natural beauty of the Georgian Bay region has
led to intense development in some areas. Massasaugas in this
region are affected by:
• Habitat destruction and fragmentation: Eastern Georgian Bay is the
heart of southern Ontario’s cottage country and a prime area for
cottages, recreation, and residential development. As development
progresses into previously undisturbed areas, the chance of these
activities impacting on the massasauga populations and other
wildlife increases.
• Construction and expansion of roads are required to service
development and may account for snake deaths during and after
construction. Activities that are part of road building, such as rock
quarries, blasting, clearing of vegetation and soils, and filling of
lowland areas may impact on massasaugas. Deaths may occur
directly or indirectly by the destruction of significant habitats.
• Collection of snakes for the pet trade occurs, though it is illegal and
potentially dangerous.
Road construction to service development in
the Eastern Georgian Bay region.
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PERCEPTIONS OF TRADITIONAL WILDLIFE IN GEORGIAN BAY
The massasauga is symbolic of the natural Georgian Bay ecosystem.
Like the moose or black bear, the snake is respected and admired by
many for its uniqueness as a part of Ontario’s natural world.
Stewardship Quote
“But in the very heart of this thorny wilderness, down in the dells,
you may find gardens filled with the fairest flowers, that any child
would love, and unapproachable linns lined with lilies and ferns,
where the ousel builds its mossy hut and sings in chorus with the
white falling water. Bears, also, and panthers, wolves, wildcats;
wood rats, squirrels, foxes, snakes, and innumerable birds, all find
grateful homes here, adding wildness to wildness in glorious
profusion and variety.”
– John Muir
RESEARCH AND PROTECTION
Snake weights, measurements and general
observations are taken.
In 1990, wildlife biologists launched an extensive eastern
massasauga rattlesnake study in Killbear Provincial Park. The
research involved locating rattlesnakes within the park, measuring them,
marking them for individual identification, and collecting blood
samples to be used for DNA analysis. The researchers also implanted
some of the snakes with a radio transmitter and tracked them.
This method of research helps biologists discover movements and
preferred habitat of the massasauga.
Killbear Provincial Park along Georgian Bay.
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SCIENTISTS DO NOT YET FULLY UNDERSTAND THE COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN LOCAL SUB - POPULATIONS OF MASSASAUGAS. RESEARCHERS
WILL LEARN MORE ABOUT THESE POPULATIONS THROUGH THEIR STUDIES
OF MASSASAUGA POPULATIONS THROUGHOUT ONTARIO.
Toronto Zoo researcher uses telemetry
to examine the fate of massasaugas
moved from their home range.
An ultrasound is done on some gravid females
to help researchers determine the number
of young within the mother.
Park visitors get a close up look at a rattlesnake
during a public education program.
Georgian Bay’s scenic habitat.
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Family posing in front of
“Please Brake For Snakes” sign.
PLEASE BRAKE FOR SNAKES!
To reduce snake highway mortalities, officials posted snake crossing
road signs in Killbear Provincial Park. The signs read “Please Brake
For Snakes,” and are accompanied by a snake emblem. They alert
drivers to the possibility that snakes might be on the road. Biologists
hope that people will slow down and pay closer attention to not just
snakes but all animals crossing roads inside and outside of the
Park. These signs have also been erected in other areas where the
massasauga exists.
EASTERN MASSASAUGA HABITAT SUITABILITY MODEL –
GEORGIAN BAY ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK
Parks Canada has been working in cooperation with the Eastern Massasauga
Rattlesnake Recovery Team on the development of a habitat suitability model.
Experts developed the model using information gathered from satellite imagery and
historic snake sightings. Results from research on this project suggest that a
combination of landscape (satellite imagery) and local scale (e.g., weather, ground
structure) data best predict suitable habitat for the rattlesnake.
Research like this will continue to determine the accuracy of suitability
models and the application they have to species conservation.
LIVING WITH EASTERN GEORGIAN BAY ’S WILDLIFE
There are many things you can do to make your property conducive
to snakes:
1. Create or maintain natural habitat
2. Report your rattlesnake sightings
3. Be a concerned camper, cottager, or property owner
4. Learn more about Georgian Bay’s wildlife
The Massasauga Provincial Park symbol
is easily recognizable.
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1. CREATE OR MAINTAIN NATURAL HABITAT
Natural habitat, with many native plant and animal species, may still be present in
your area. Since habitat loss is one of the greatest threats facing eastern Georgian
Bay’s wildlife, a part of your property could be set aside as a safe haven for animals.
An area at the end of your property can be used to attract and shelter wildlife.
Planting native plant species is a good start in recovering and maintaining a natural
community on your property. Removing invasive exotic plants will also help by
giving native species room to grow. Information on seeds, plant types and naturally
recovered areas is available through the Nature Conservancy of Canada at
(416) 932-3202.
Brush piles, rocks, logs, and leaf litter are natural attributes that prove beneficial to
wildlife survival. Areas with long grasses, woodpiles, and junk piles may also attract
wildlife such as birds, snakes, small mammals, and amphibians.
Exposed rock outcrops and clearings are beneficial to snakes for basking and the
edges are good for foraging. As well, maintaining natural areas can contribute to the
health of the surrounding habitat and provide habitat for many wildlife species.
Cover provides snakes with resting areas, safety, hunting grounds, gestation
areas and shelter from the elements. If you have a resident massasauga, do not
disturb the existing cover. If you presently do not have cover on your property,
many natural items may be used to create cover. To ensure public safety, your
snake habitat should be located away from public or well used areas. This
practice will also reduce disturbance to the snake. Snakes also require areas to
bask, so they can increase their body temperature. Large flat rocks, wood piles,
fallen trees, brush piles, and open paths provide basking areas, while still
allowing for a quick escape when threatened.
2. REPORT YOUR SNAKE SIGHTINGS
The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources operates Ontario’s Natural Heritage
Information Centre (NHIC). The Centre is dedicated to protecting Ontario’s
biodiversity and is responsible for assembling and organizing information on
species at risk.
First hand reports of any species at risk can be made through the NHIC website at
http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/MNR/nhic/nhic.html or by mail:
Natural Heritage Information Centre
Ministry of Natural Resources
300 Water Street, 2nd Floor, North Tower
Peterborough, Ontario K9J 8M5, Canada
Tel: (705) 755-2159 Fax: (705) 755-2168
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It is important to report your sightings, since wildlife managers use this information
to track the status and distribution of various species.
If you lack Internet access, you can report your sightings by calling the local MNR
office and speaking to the wildlife biologist or ecologist or by calling one of the
Ontario Provincial Parks in your area (see Section 7). Since misidentification of
snakes is always a possibility, providing a photograph of the snake may help officials
confirm the species.
3. BE A CONCERNED CAMPER , COTTAGER , OR PROPERTY OWNER
Concerned campers, cottagers and property owners in the eastern
Georgian Bay area can minimize stress on snake populations by:
• acknowledging that snakes belong in all suitable habitats
of the Georgian Bay region;
• allowing unused property to return to a more
natural state;
• retaining brush piles instead of burning them;
• allowing natural vegetation to grow;
• attending workshops on rattlesnake conservation;
• learning more about all the wildlife in
their area.
Cottage with remaining natural habitat
along Georgian Bay.
4. LEARN MORE ABOUT EASTERN GEORGIAN BAY ’S WILDLIFE
Many rare bird, plant, insect and reptile species live in the eastern
Georgian Bay region. You can learn more about the massasauga and
other species and their habitat by contacting the resources in Section 7.
Stewardship Quote
“Side by side with modern Canada lies the last battleground in the
long drawn out bitter contest between civilization and the forces
of nature. It is a land of shadows and hidden trails, lost rivers
and unknown lakes, a region of soft-footed creatures going their
noiseless ways over the carpet of moss, and there is silence,
intense, absolute and all embracing.”
– Grey Owl
Park staff with campers and a resident rattlesnake
found on a campsite.
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STEWARDSHIP AT WORK IN YOUR COMMUNITY
Georgian Bay region (as seen in Rattlesnake Tales newsletter, Vol. 12, no.1)
Salmon Lake Brakes - 4 - Snakes!
By Bruce Morden
Since we retired in 1994, I have attended two rattlesnake workshops. One was at
the Toronto Zoo and hosted by Bob Johnson and Andrew Lentini. The other took place
at Killbear Provincial Park and was organized by Chris Parent. These workshops
provided extensive information on eastern massasauga rattlesnakes, from habitat
and populations to treatment of bites for both people and pets. In the summer of
1999, I found several rattlesnakes killed by cars on Salmon Lake Road; cottagers
reported other snakes meeting the same fate.
I called Chris Parent about the “Brake for Snake” signs at Killbear
Provincial Park to see if we could do something similar. Chris was very
enthusiastic to help in any way he could and provided sourcing for the
signs which were designed to MTO specifications, including size and
colour. He also warned me of the possibility of theft due to the uniqueness of these signs. At Killbear they have had to use a 4x4x16 ft. steel
post set in concrete with the signs bolted and the nuts welded to prevent removal. I spoke to Richard Garland, president of the Salmon
Lake Ratepayers Association who also was very enthusiastic about
this project. Richard drafted a letter to Sequin Township. They
immediately gave us their consent and financial support. The works
superintendent, Joe Ryman, even offered assistance of a backhoe for
the installation. We were delighted. Joe also arranged to meet me to
select the best locations for these signs.
As a result of Richard’s conversations with Bob Johnson of the Toronto Zoo, Bob
called me to confirm that he would supply us with the signs. The zoo even provided
an extra sign in case of theft. Everyone’s enthusiasm and willingness to help made it
very apparent that people do care for this misunderstood reptile. I am happy to
report that the two signs were erected by May 13, 2000. On May 27, 2000 we had
an unveiling of the signs attended by our Reeve of Seguin Township, George Stivrins,
and by two councillors, Doug Graham and Bill Jameson. Also in attendance were
Gary Higgins of Massasauga Provincial Park, Chris Parent, and several members of
the Salmon Lake Ratepayers Association and Otter Lake Ratepayers Association.
Everyone’s support and assistance was greatly appreciated.
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CO-EXISTING WITH RATTLESNAKES
PROPERTY OWNERS CAN HELP
If you live in an area where eastern massasauga rattlesnakes occur,
you are probably already aware of how your community has responded
to rattlesnake issues in the past. Much of the information in this
publication relates to the snake in the wild, about the research being
done, and about what to do to keep the snake and yourself safe.
Yet, one of the biggest questions is still “What do I do if a massasauga
is on my property?” This question does not have a simple answer.
It all depends on the area and the people. This section will introduce
you to the art of “living with wildlife.”
LIVING WITH WILDLIFE
Cottage owners along Georgian Bay
learning about the rattlesnake
found on their property.
Personal and cultural values have a strong influence on our initial perceptions of
rattlesnakes. By acknowledging that everyone has a different image of snakes,
we can then start to demonstrate how, by learning the true facts, we can build a
shared response.
The eastern massasauga rattlesnake will not seek you out. Nor will it chase you. It is
a shy creature and, like most wildlife, feels pain. The massasauga is a unique living
creature, worthy of our respect and protection.
What you can do if you encounter a massasauga:
1. Leave the snake alone and it will depart on its own.
2. Move the snake to a nearby safe location (less than 250 m away)
on your property.
3. Create habitat on your property and allow the snake to have a safe
sanctuary in a designated area on your land.
1. LEAVE THE SNAKE ALONE AND IT WILL DEPART ON ITS OWN.
You may not have ever seen snakes on your property. When you encounter one,
keep in mind that it may only be passing through to reach a preferred area for
hibernation or summer feeding. It will continue on within a few hours or a couple
days if you allow it safe passage. But make sure other people on your property
know you’ve seen it so they won’t be so surprised to come across it, and won’t
accidentally get too close to it.
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Anyone in a rattlesnake area should be aware of the presence of massasaugas.
Such awareness has allowed people to live near bear and moose habitat for
centuries. On occasion, people will not be aware of snakes on their property, even
though the snake may have resided there for some time. Indeed, the massasauga is
so secretive that it often goes unnoticed. By leaving a resident massasauga alone it
will go on with its life and may not be seen again for a long time. Enjoy the experience
of seeing the snake, and if necessary helping it to survive, without disrupting its
daily activities.
Stewardship Quote
“What was curled on the carpet (of the Zoo’s boardroom), tail rattling, was
not an evil, hateful killer, but a handsome little snake who, in spite of ample
provocation, gave every indication of wanting nothing more than to leave us
alone and be left alone. That, to me, seems to be a fair arrangement”
– Barry Kent McKay,
Toronto star columnist on attending a rattlesnake workshop at Toronto Zoo
(as seen in Rattlesnake Tales newsletter, Vol.2, no. 2)
2. MOVE THE SNAKE TO A NEARBY LOCATION (LESS THAN 250 M AWAY).
Snakes are creatures loyal to their landscapes. If you move a snake to a distant and
unfamiliar area, it may die. A massasauga might be taken by a predator, as a result
of being unable to find a place to hide in its new area. It might also die from hunger,
from being unable to locate prey, or from freezing for being unable to find overwintering dens.
Massasaugas are animals of habit; any interruptions to their daily routine may
have a negative, potentially fatal effect. The best option is to leave the snake alone
altogether. You are unlikely to see it again.
If you must move the snake, be sure to move it to a safe area of your property or
other appropriate area away from roads. If you move a massasauga a distance of no
more than 250 m, it will likely survive the translocation.
An eastern massasauga rattlesnake should be moved no more than 250 m from
where it was found.
HOW TO MOVE A SNAKE!
Even if you have never moved a snake before, it can be done safely by following
some important safety rules:
Materials
a) Pail, about 1 meter deep (large garbage can or bucket) with lid;
b) Long handled broom, rake or shovel;
c) Safe clothing (rubber boots, long pants).
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Methods:
1. It is important that you put on rubber boots and long pants. This
outfit ensures your safety while you focus on the snake. You are
in a safety zone if you stay 1 m away from the snake.
2. Clear the area of interested onlookers. You and the snake do not
need any distractions. Remain calm. If things do not look right or go
wrong, back away, re-assess the situation, and start again. If the
snake is about to escape or move into brush, leave it alone and
allow it to retreat or escape.
3. Tip the garbage bin on its side, use the broom/rake/shovel to
position the bin near the snake.
A broom or soft rake or other long handled tool
can be used to gently sweep or corral the snake
into the bin. (Pictured here is a cottager using a
paint roller on an extension pole!)
4. Gently guide or herd the snake into the bin, being careful not to get
too close and not to push the snake.
5. When the snake is at the bottom of the container use the
broom/rake/shovel to tip the bin up and secure the lid with tape.
Never leave the bin in direct sunlight, since this heat will
dangerously overheat the snake.
6. Carefully bring the snake to its new location. Place the bin on its
side and either gently slide the snake out or allow the snake to
leave on its own with the bin on its side. The massasauga, when
threatened, may coil up and act aggressive. If you remain calm
and at a distance, the snake will leave on its own. It will seek
safety in vegetation or rocks. Never try to handle or tease the snake,
which is the sort of behaviour that causes most bites.
With the bin upright, carefully transport the
snake to a safe area for release.
3. CREATE HABITAT ON YOUR PROPERTY AND ALLOW THE
SNAKE TO HAVE A SAFE SANCTUARY IN A DESIGNATED
AREA ON YOUR LAND.
Wherever possible, leave natural areas as you found them. These
areas can become ‘designated wildlife areas,’ where you make a
commitment to reducing your impact on the landscape, and provide
space for wildlife and wildlife needs. Check your region for ideas on
how to create natural areas.
Stewardship Quote
“The lasting pleasures of contact with the natural world are not
reserved for scientists but are available to anyone who will place
himself under the influence of earth, sea and sky, and their
amazing life.”
When releasing the snake, the bin can be left on its
side until the snake leaves on its own, or tipped to
gently slide the snake out. Make sure hands are
kept away from the mouth of the bin.
– Rachel Carson
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BENEFITS OF CREATING HABITAT
YOU…
• …can recreate natural areas that were originally a part of your
property;
• …will attract several types of new wildlife to the natural setting of
your home;
Various natural cover items can be provided for snakes
on your property. Look closely at the small hole in this
log. The massasauga is a master of remaining hidden.
• …will enjoy your link to nature and its unique wildlife;
• …will aid in community awareness and create an interest in
local wildlife;
• …will receive free rodent control compliments of your local wildlife;
• …will be a part of rare species protection, locally and globally.
THE SNAKE…
• …will have safe passage through wildlife corridors;
• …will be allowed to share its wilderness with caring individuals;
• …will be given a fair chance to survive in Ontario;
• …will earn respect from people in the area.
TIPS TO KEEP SNAKES AND PEOPLE SAFE
To keep snakes away from your home or cottage without harming them:
• remove or tidy up possible snake cover from around your house
or cottage (plywood, junkpiles, tin and aluminum siding, old cars,
tires, brush piles);
• pile wood away from the house/cottage and up on a raised platform;
• keep weeds near buildings cut down to a minimum;
• keep grass short in areas you use for recreation.
SHOULD I PUT UP A FENCE?
Most bites occur when people harass snakes. Infrequent
encounters do not warrant the false sense of security that a fence
would offer. It is impossible to hide yourself away from bees, bears,
raccoons, and snakes. Embracing all parts of nature with common
sense allows for a mutual respect of the environment we live in.
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TO STAY SAFE IN MASSASAUGA COUNTRY:
• Take note of snakes basking in open areas such as trails, rock
outcrops, and grassy natural areas in your neighbourhood;
• When moving ground cover, be aware that a snake could be hiding
in the brush;
• Keep your eyes open while cutting grass, and if possible cut after
11 a.m. because the snakes may bask until this time;
• Snakes could be out at night, so keep a flashlight with you while
out in the dark;
• Wear proper footwear, especially at night;
• Excess brush from pruning can be left in a pile for snakes to use as
cover at the end of your property, away from the house or cottage;
• For the benefit of all wildlife, limit the use of chemicals, especially on
natural areas;
• Be aware of your pets. Strange behaviour could mean they are
harassing a snake;
• Teach your family and friends about snakes and what to do if they
find a massasauga.
Researchers look under discarded wood
while the property owner looks on.
Stewardship Quote
“…to stay at a place filled with the eternal energy of youth, where
snakes are portrayed as angels instead of demons and the term
venom translates not to deadly, dangerous and death but to “look,
admire and respect” gave me the warmest feelings and confidence
of the sincerity of youth.”
– Ben Porchuk,
Biologist/Environmental Educator on research at Camp Hurontario
along Georgian Bay (1994).
Brush piles, such as the one pictured on the
right, can provide shelter for snakes on
unused portions of property.
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SNAKE ACCEPTANCE IN ONTARIO
Public awareness about eastern massasauga rattlesnakes is growing.
In Ontario, these unique creatures are gaining wider acceptance.
The Massasauga Provincial Park along Georgian Bay has even named
their boats the “Massasauga Patrol.”
Learning how to live with rattlesnakes will aid in their
conservation throughout Ontario.
Cottage signs along Georgian Bay and even modern art in downtown
Toronto have incorporated the eastern massasauga rattlesnake.
Stewardship Quote
“I’m the first to admit that I was not overly fond of snakes at all.
It’s really a relationship that you have to work on. But for me, to
see those snakes now, it’s a piece of cake.”
– Joyce MacKenzie-Hirasawa,
Cottager along the Bruce Peninsula on living with resident
massasaugas.
Modern Art: A snake mural on display
in downtown Toronto.
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