ayam laga

TEXTS.
ROCK INSCRIPTIONS OF ASOKA
KHlLSI, GIRNAR, DHAULI, AND JAUGADA.
SHAHBAZGARHI,
EDICT I.
s
K
G
D
J
Ayam
Iyam
lyara
* #
Iyam
dharmalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dha * *
dhammalipi
[
omitted
f
do.
[
do.
# # # * si
pavatasi
Khepingalasi
pavatasi
]
]
]
S
K
G
D
J
Ranyo
# *
Eanya
Lajo
Lajina
likhapi .
lekhapi.
lekhapita ..
# # #
likhapita .
Hidam
Hida
Idha
* *
Hida
jiva.
jive.
jivam
. * vam
jivam.
S
K
G
D
J
# * #
hitaviye
hitavyam
* # *
hitaviye
cha pi
no pi
4
na
# # #
2
no pi
S
K
G
D
J
# # #
* * #
*
samejasa.
samajamhi.
* # *
samejasa.
pasati
* #
dakhati
dosa
dosam
* * #
dosam
2
S
K
G
D
J
ati pi* *
athi picha.
6
asti pitu
* * #
athi pichu
S
K
G
D
J
Priyadasisa
Piyadasisa
Piyadasino
3
Piyadasine
3
Piyadasine
S
K
G
D
J
Ranyo
Jjajine
Ranyo
•
Laiine
2
5
lo ke *
no kichhi
na kinchi
* * *
no kichhi
sama*
samaje.
samaje.
* * *
samaje.
*
ch;i
cha
#
cha
anudivasaui
anndivasam
anudivasaui
#
#
anudivasara
*
#
4
#
#
Devanampiye
Devanampiyo
# # nam #
Devanampiye
para
pale
pura
* *
pulavam.
3
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
* # #
Piyadasi .
samato
sadhumata
sadhumata
sadhumata
sadhumata
mahanasasa
mahanasansi
mahanasaphi
niaha * *
mahanapasi
bahuni
bahuni
9
bahuni
bahuni*
bahuni
#
pan a
pana
pana*
pana
8
•
paja
paju
pajapa
paja
* #
#
hi
hi
* *
hi
# # *
#
Laja
Raja
# * #
Laja
7
#
* * *
* * *
bahukam
bahukam
bahukam
babukain
#
#
Piyadasina
Piyadasina,
# # *
Piyadasina
* * *
alabhitu
arabhida
alabhitu
alabhiti
* * *
kataviye
katavyo
2# * #
kataviye
samayasa
samaj&
samaja
samajasa
samaja
* katiya
ekatiya
ekacha
ekacha
ekatiya
Ranyo
Lajine
Ranyo
Lajine
Lajine
#
*
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyena
Devanampiyena
Devanampiye *
Devanampiyena
dakhati
# # *
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
* * nam * *
Devanampiyasa
Priyadasisa
Piyadasisji
Piyadasino
Piya *
Piyadasine
taha * asani
satasahasani
satasahasani
satasahasani
satasahasani
alambhiyisu
arabhisu
alabhiyisu
alabhiyi
*
*
TEXTS.
66
s
K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
#
supathaj'a
supathaya
susupathaye
susupathaye
#
*
se imani
10
sa aja
4
se aja
4
se aja
yo va
vi
eva
* # #
vam
anatam
taniye
tada
tinni
tinniye
3
S
K
G
D
J
sti
eke
eko
* # #
eke
mage
•
mige
in ago
# * #
mige
S
K
G
D
J
esa
esani
ete
* * *
etani
pi
pati
* * *
pichu
so
—
mage
mige
ma go
# * •
mige
—•——
tini
— —
tinni
tinni
panam
panani
trayi
pacha
pana
••
panani
panani
E DIC
s
K
G
D
,1
Savatam
Savata
Savata
5
Savata
Savatam
S
K
G
yi *
matha
yatha,
D
J
dfe
TT
Jfc
flF
Choda
Choda
# # #
Choda
dfc
*
atha
IV
G
D
J
a
S
K
G
T>
J
cha
cha
va pi
6
va pi
vapi
S
K
G
D
sarvato
savata
savata
savata
savata
4
Tambapani
Tambapanni
3
Tambapanni
.
#
*
*
na
no
na
* # #
, no
L
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyena
tasa
tasa
tasa
tasa
tasa
dhava
dhave
dhuvo
# # #
dhuvam
.
Satiyaputra
Satiyaputo
Satiyaputo
# # #
Satiyaput*
#
Ranyo
Lajine
Eanyo
La * *
Lajine
cha .
nama
nama
ANTIYOKASA
ANTIYOGASA
ANTIYAKASA
ANTIYOKASA
ANTIYOKASA
Priyadasisa
Piyadasisa
Piyadasino
*Piyadasino
Piyadasina.
Eanyo
Lajine
Eanyo
* * *
Laji
#
#
Ketalaputra
Kethalaputo
Ketalaputo
—:
Eajaye
Lajane
Eajaye
Laja
Lajae—
Yon a
Yona
Yona
7 Yona
nama
#
yecha anta
2
vamapipachantesu
# # * #
evapi anta
A "NTT T V m r P . N R
aranya
alanne
* # #
jata kate
deva majali
dwanlera
* # *
duvema
arabhisanti.
alabhiyisanti.
arabhisante
alabhiyisanti.
alabhiyisanti.
no
na
na
no
pachha
panchha
pachha
Priyadasisa
Piyadasisa
Piyadasino
Piyadasine
Piyadasine
Pandiya
Pandiya
Panda
• # #
Pandiya
s XVA.
ANTIYOGE
i J. J. -1> V / VJIX14
ANTIYAKO
ANTIYOKE
ANTIYOKE
3
T 11.
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
# # #
b
J
vijite
vijitamsi
vijitamhi
vijitamsi
vijitasi
_
—
—
—
likhita
lekhita
likhitatl
likhita
likhita
* * #
•
supathaya
* # #
ganeti
alabhiyanti
arabhire
* labhiya
alabhiyanti[
pi
•
pi
* # *
pichu
so
# # #
se
—
dharmalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
iyam
ayam
iyam
iyam
pranam
panani
pana
* * *
panani
na
pe
1
*
yada
yada
ada
(*) ada
samanta
samanta
saminam
gatnnata
samanta
kisa
duve
dwe
*
* 4*
Eanyaye
Lajane
4
Eajano
Lajane
Lajane
kabha
chikisachha
chiklchha
* * *
TEXTS.
s
K
G
1)
J
* * #
kata
kata
# # #
———
S # * #
K osadhani
G osudhani(a)
D (osa) dhani
J osadhani
S
K
G
D
J
yata
ata
yata
# * #
manusa
5
manusa
*
sa
# # #
chikisa
chikichha
chikisa
chikisa
cha
yatra
ta
yata
atata
atata
nasti
nathi
nasti
nathi
nathi
6
c
K
G
janasopakani
manusopagam
manusopagani
munisopagani
munisopagani
yani
•
ani
7
# # *
pasu
pasu
pasu
8
pasu
cha
cha
cha
cha
* 5 esa(?)
* * *
67
cha
cha
cha
savatra
savata
savata
savata
sava
# # #
chikisa
chikichha
chikisa
cbikisa
# *
cha
cha
cha
cha
pasopakani
pasopagani
6
pasopagani
pasun opagani
pasun opagani
harapiti
halapita
harapitani
halapita
# # *
cha
cha
cha
cha
cha
cha
cha
cha
cha
# # #
r
lopapita
ropapitani
lopapita
T
L
cha
cha
savameva
7
mulani
mtilani
cha
cha
phalani
phalani
cha
cba
kayata
yata
~—>—•
r
J
L
K
G
D
J
.
yata
nathi
nasti
ta
nathi
savata
savata
vata
savata
S
K
G
D
J
vata
matesu
8
pathesu
matesu
matesu
cha
kupa
S
K
G
D
J
khanapitani
ropapita
lopapitani
kupa
halopita
harapitani
halopita
halapita
cha
cha
cha
EDICT
s
Devanampriye
K Devanampiye
G Dcvanampiyo
D Devanampiye
J Devanampiye
Pnyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
khanapita
mahithani
khanapitd
khanapitani
khanapitani
pasu
pasu
pasu
pa
pratibhogaye
patibhogaye
patibhogaya
patibhogaye
Eanya
Laja
Raja
Laja
Laja
hevam
evam
hevam
hevam
cha
cha
cha
cha
lopapita
ropapitani
8
lopapita
lopapita
cha
cha
cha
cha
______
udapanani
vachha.
lukhani
lukhani
cha
cha
cha
manusanam.
munisanam.
manusanam.
* nusanam.
III.
ahati
ahd
aha
aha
aha
(a). The tirst letter of this word is the initial o and not u.
7
Baraya
Duvadasa
Dwadasa
Duvadasa
Duvadasa
vasba
vasa
vasa
vasa
vasa
TEXTS,
68
s
K
G
D
J
bhisite
bhisitena
bhisitena
bhisite
name
maya
me—
. name
S
K
G
D
J
yota
yata
yuta
yuta
_____
S
K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
vasheshu (a)
vasesu
vasesu
vasesu
vasesu
(omitted)
kammane
kammane
kramaye
kammane
kammaya
anapayite
anyapitam
anatam
hevam
#
#
anusayanam nikhamatu
anusayanam nikhamatu
anusayanam niyata
anusayanam . nikhamavu
anusayanam nikhamavu
irnisa
imaya
imaya
imaye
*
*
mata
8
mata
matari
mata
sadhu
sadhu
sadhu
sadhu
padesi
padesike
padesike
* * sike
padesike
—
cha
cha
cha
vijite
vijitasi
vijite
vijite
#
#
savata
savata
sa * *
#
*
a **
rajaki
lajaki
rajuke
lajuke
cha
mi")
—
—
—
S
K
G
D
J
iyam
idam
iyam
iyam
va
panchasu
panchasn
panchasu
lo
panchasu
panchasu
—
cha
cha
cha
eti
etayeva
etayeva
dharmanu sanstiye
dhammanusathiya
dhammanusastiya
dhammanusathiya
sato
athaye
athaya
atha
atha
anaye
aunaya
anyaya
sa
yatha.
yatha
mama
mama
sa me
#
*
panchasu
panchasu
panchasu
panchasu
panchasu
kavayo
annayepi
auaye pi
pi
Pi
pi
* * * * *
.
pitushu
pitasu
pitari
pita
:—
cha
sususha
sususa
sususa
sususa
cha
mitra
mita
mita
.,«
mita
T
a
o
o
ta
K
G
D
J
santhuta
santuta
san * *
santhute
natikyanan:i
nyatinam
11
natisu
13
sa natisu
S
______
dane
danam
dane
dane
.
panana
panenam
jivesu
jivesu
K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
J
sadhu
sadhu
sadhu
sadhu
#
parisapa
palisapi
parisfipi
palisapi
. #
*
*tha
vata
to
te
te
cha
cha
cha
cha
cha
cha.
cha
—
—
sadhu
—
—
yutra
yuta
yuto
cha
•
samananam
samananam
samanehi
samanehi
Bambhana
Bahmana
Bambhana
Bambhana
cha
#
.
analambho
anarambho
analambhe
analambhe
•
sadhu
sadhu
sadhu
ti * * nadanati ?
gananasa
anyapayisati
a • tiyatani
#
*
vanyana
viyanjana
vyanjana
viyam * *
viyanjana
to
te
to
*
te
cha
—
7
apavayata
apaviyati
apavyayata
apaviyati
# # *
anapisanti
anapeyisanti
gananayam
anapeyisita
*
* yi
sadhu
sadhu
sadhu
aadhu
apabhidata
apabhindata
apabhindata
apabhandata
# # #
hetu
hetu
hetu
(he) tu
18
hetu
cha.
cha.
cha.
#
cha.
(a) The five upright strokes following immediately after the wordspanchatu jxiitchaiu are certainly intended for the figure 5, being only a
repetition of ihe number iu words.
69
TEXTS.
ROCK EDICT IV.
s
Atikatam
Atikatam
Atikatam
12
Atikantam
Atikantam
antaram
antalam
antaram
antalam
antalam
S
K
G
D
J
vihisa
vihinsa
vihinsa
vihinsa
# #
S
K
G
D
J
sapatipati
asampatipati
asampatipati
asampatipate
# # * #
9
K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
J
bahuni
bahuni
bahuni
bahuni
bahuni
bhutanam
bhutanam
bhutanam
bhutanam
# #
cha
cha
cha
cha
# *
tu aja
sa aja
ta aja
:3
se aja
se a j a
8
dharmacharane
dhammachalanena
3
dhammacharanena
dhammachalanena
dhammachalanena
bherigosha
bhelighose
bherighoso
bhelighosam
bhel * *
J
cha
chS.
cha
cha
* *
divani
divyani
divyani»
diviyani
diviyani
rupani
lupani
. rupani
14
lupanam
lupani
S
K
G
D
J
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi
vrasha
vasa
vasa
vasa
vasa
S
aja
aja
aja
aja
#
vadhite
vadhite
vadhite
vadhi (te)
* #
J
vadhito va
vadhiteva
vadhito eva
vadhiteva
vadhiteva
asaptipati
asampatipati
asampatipati
asampatipati
*
*
#
#
dfi
#
anaram *
analambhe
6
anarambho
ls
analambhe
analambhe
satehi
satehi
satehi
satehi
sate
* nanam
paoanam
pananam
pananam
pananani
cha
*
*
dusayitu
dasayitu
dasayi
dasayitu
dusayita
4
na
na
na
no
£c
&
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
*
*
*
avihisa
avihinsa
avihinsa
avihinsa
avihinsa
agikandani
* agikhandani
agakhandani
janasa
janasa
pujanam
munisanam
munisanam
*
£:
cha
* *
yadisam
adisam
yarise
adise
adise
purve
puluve
puve
puluve
•
# #
Priyadarsisa
Piyadasino
Piyadasino
Piyadasine
*
*
*
Eanyo
Lajine
Eanyo
Lajine
*
*
bhutana
bhutanam
bhutanam
bhutanam
bhutanam
#
#
••
nyatasa
natisam
nyatinam
natisu
natisunam
*
#
•
#
Lajane
Eanyo
Lajine
Lajine
vimancna
vimana
vimana
vimana
bhuta
huta
bhuta
huta
#
Bramanam
Bambhananam
Samananam
Babhanesu
#
* * * *
Piyadasino
Piyadasino
Piyadasine
Piyadasine
dharmagosha
dhammaghose
dhammaghoso
dhammaghosam
m
Sramanam
Samana
Bahmana
Samana
*
priya *
piyasa
piyasa
piyasa
piyasa
pranarambho
punalambhe
panarambho
panalambhe
panalambhe
ne
10
dasana
*
*
# *
S
K
.G
D
•
aha
aho
aho
aho
*
cha
*
*
#
#
K
G
D
J
nyatinu
natina
nyatisu
natisu
Devanam
Devanam
Devanam
Devanam
Devanam
hathini
hasti
hathini
# #
S
K
G
D
vashasatani
vasasatani
vasasatani
vasasatani
vasasatani
dasanena
dasanam
dasana
dasanam
*
*
*
anyani
annani
anyani
annani
*
*
bahu
bahu
bahu
bahu
bahu
tadise
tadise
tarise
tadise
# *
dharmanusaustaya
dhnmmanusathi3-e
dhammanusasti}-a
dhamm&nusathiya
17
dhammdnusathiya
* * *
" sampatipati
sampatipati
sampatipati
s * *
* * »
Bambhana
Bahmana
Samana
* * *
10
TEXTS.
S
K
G
D
9
j
Srauiananam
Samaimnam
Samananam
Babhauesu
*
#
#
S
K
G
D
J
cha
cha
cha
cha
cha
S
K
G
D
Priyadarsisa
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piya * *
j
8
sampatipati
sampafcipati
sampatipati
sampatipati
#
bahuvadham
babuvidhe
bahuvidhe
bahuvidhe
bahuvidhe
#
#
*
*
pranatika
pauatikya
papota
pa
*
*
g
K
G
D
J
*
*
#
#
dhammachalauam
dhammacharanam
dhammachalanam
dhammachal
S
K
G
D
J
ti mato
tithato
tistanto
vithitu
*
*
cha
cha
cha
cha
cha
*
*
S
K
G
D
J
lipitham
likHte
lekhapitam
likhite
*
*
*
imisa
13
*
#
#
imasa
imasa
imasa
ahini
ahini
ahini
* ahini
*
athasa
athasa
athasa
athasa
*
pavata
&V&J
savata (a)
—
#
Eanya
Lajine
Ranyo
Lajine
Lajine
eva
• ese
10
esa
esa
*
vadhisanti
vadhayisanti
9
vadhayisanti
17
pavadhayisanti
pavadhayisanti
•
*
•
vadhiya
vadhiyu
vadhiya
vadhiyu
*
#
*
*
silasi va
silamhi
silasi cha
*
*
•
*
*
nyantu
jantu
jantu
jantu
*
etaye
etaye
etaya
etaye
*
*
*
#
*
kamme
kamme
* me
*
#
*
na bhoti
no hoti
bhavati
18
no hoti
no ho *
sadlm
sadhu
sadhu
sadhu
yeafe
'idam
yeva
yeva
dharmasila
dhammasi
dhammamhi
dhammasi
•
pi cha
,. pi cha
pi na
pi cha
pichu
cha
cha
cha
cha
Devanamprjyasa
Devanainpiye
Devanampiyo
Devanampiye
*
*
*
12
esa
hi sothe
nise ste
hise
*
anne
#
#
•
chayo
cheva
cheva
cheva
*
inja
anne
anye
anne
putra pi cha kunatavocha
puta. cha kunatala cha
puta, cha pota cha
putapi cha nati
*
kupa
kupam
kapa
akepam
#
annsasisanti
anusasisanti
anusasisanti
anusasisanti
*
#
*
*
vadhisati
vadhiyisati
vadhayisati
vadhayisati
vahhayi
Priyadarsisa
Piyadasine
Piyadasino
Piyadasine
19
Piyadasine
dharmacharanam
dhammachalana
dhammacharane
dhammachalana
20
dhammachalane
*
#
vadhitam
vadhite
vadhite
vadhite
vadhite
#
icha
ima
a va
imam
vadhi
vadhi
u
dhi cha
vadhi
*
*
7
tu ara sususha esam
sususa khasa cha
sususa thairi sususa esa
sususam va sususa esa
#
esa
dharmacharanam ime
imam dhammachalanam
dhammacharanam idam
dhammachalanam imam
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
S *
nusasanam
K
dhammannsasanam
G
dhammannsasanam
D
dhammanusasanam
J
*
*
*
T
#
*
dharma
dhammam
dhammam
yatasa
athasa
athamhi
athasa
pitashu
pitisu
pitari
pita
dharmacharanam
dhammachalane
dhammacharane
16
dhammachalane
dhammachalane
Eanyo
Laja
Raja,
Laja
S
K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
mata
mata
matari
matu
#
hini
hini
hini
hini
hini
asilasa se
asilasa se
asila sava
asilasa se
*
*
athaye
athaye
athaya
athaye
ft
yuta
am
iniasu
imisa
imamhi
imasa*
*
*
ima
ima
ida
iyam
mahiga
cha ma alocliayisu
cha 12 lochetivya
cha ma alochayisu
cha ma alochayi
(a) Prinsep's first reading of this word was pavata, and the totally different form of the Ariano Pali p in the Shahbazgarhi
text shoffs that the first reading of pavata may be correct, although the first letter is clearly * in the Girnar text.
TEXTS
barata
duvadasa
dwadasa
19
duvadasa
#
*
s
K
G
D
J
varsbabhisitena
vasabhisitene
vasabhisitena
vasaniabhisitasa
*
#
•
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyena
Devanampiyena
Devanampiyasa
*
#
*
71
Priyadarsisa
Piyadasine
Piyadasino
Piyadasine
#
#
Eanya
idam
Lajino
Eanyo
idam
Lajine
ya *
#
#
•
lipikhatain.(a)
lekhita.
lekhapitam.
Iikhite.
* *
ROOK EJDIOT V.
s
K
G
D
J
11
Devanampriya
Devanampiye
Devanampiyo
20
(De)vanampiya
Devanampiye
va lapachha
e adikale kayana
a
kalane
•
kayana
S
K
G
D
J
karana
kayane
kalanam
kayane
S
K
G
D
Priyadarsi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyada
Eayo
Laja
Eaja
Laja
*
so
sa
saso
sase
daaaram
dukalam
dukaram
dukalam
kata
kate
kata
kate
evam
ahatine
(omitted)
aha
evam
aha.
hevam
aba,
# , #
*
*
*
karoti.
kaleti
karotii
kaleti
i
se
2
se
maha
mama
mama
ye me
* *
ta
tam
ta
putra
puta
put»
puta.
kayana
kayane
kalana
kayane
#
#
maya
maya
may4
me
cba
cha
cba
va
T
s
G
D
J
S
K
G
P
J
S
K
G
D
J
nataro cha
nata cha
potacha
S1
nata cha (b)
uanu cna
14
paran
palan
paran
palan
palan
cba
cba
cba
cha
cha
tanaya
teniya
tenaya
tenaye
te * *
kapam
kapam
kapa,
kapam
*
*
tatha ye anuvati santi
atba anuvatisanti
anuvatisare tatba,
tatba anuvatisanta
*
*
ati (c)
beti
eta
ta
desam
desam
desam
desam
sahane
nama su padalaycse
Sukarambi papam
G
22
supudalayesu
D
J
S
K
babu
bahu
bahu
babuke
S3 n o n f i ^kl^#«
J
K
dukara
dukale
dukaranye
dukale
#
#
me apacbam
apatine me
me apacbam
apatiye me
•
te
se
3
so
sa
•
prihapiaata
pibapayisati
pihapesati
pihapayisati
Atikatam
Atikatam
Atikatam
Atikantam
ammanti
*
sakita
eukatam
sukatam
Suka^am
*
•
sa
so
so
so
dakatam
dukatam
dukatam
dukatam
antaram
antaiam
antaram
antalam
na
no
4
na
no
ava
ava
ava
ava
— —
kusati
kacbhanti
kasati
kacbhati
•
•
kusbauti
kacbhati
kasati
kachhati
bhuta
huta
bhuta
liuta
samvant»
yocha
tha evu
yo tu
* ehe
#
*
papamha
pfpa hi
•
#
papebi
puva
puluva
puvam
puluva
(a). The two letters p and kh seem to have been transposed in this word, which should be read likhapitam.
(b). As the two letters g and t nre easily mistaken, this word should no doubt be nata as iu the two northern texts and
not Ifaga- Mr. Beglar's impression gives nata, and so does bis photograph.
(e). The initial letter might perhaps be h instead of o, as these two characters in Ariano Pali are very much alike.
72
TEXTS.
dharmamahamatam
dhammamahamata •
dhammamahamata
dhammamahamata
s
K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
12
nama
nama
nama
nama
deya dharmamahamatra
dhammamahamata
dhammamahamata
dhammamahamata nama
* * varshahhisitena *
dasavasabhistena mamcva
dasavasabhisi (tena)
dasavasabhisitena me
sa
so
to
te
ta maya
se
kita
te
kata.
kata
te
te
pashandeshu
pasandesu
pasandesu
pasandesu
save
sava
sava
sava
j
S
K
G
J)
•
viyapaji
vyapata
^viyapatha
15
dharmadhrithayo
dhammadhitanaye
dhammadhistanaya
dhammadhithaniye
S
K
G
D
dharma yuthasa
vi dhammayutaso
dhammayutasa
cha dhammayuta
S
K
G
D
JPitiniJcanam, ta
e
JPetenihanam ye
Pitenikesu e
J
•
S
K
Bramanibheshu
Bambhanithisu
D
™ Babhani
dharmayutasa
dhammayutaye
dhammayutauam
dhammayutaye
S
K
aparibodhaye
apalibodhaye
D
apalibodhaye
27
bhikati
bhikaleti
bhikaresu
bliikaleti
Yo (a)
Yonam,
Yonam,
Yona,
tam
cha
sa
va
va
va
va
dharmavadhiya
dh ammavadhiy e
hita
hita
sukhaya
sukhaye
dhammavadhiye
hita
sukhaye
Kambayo
BLambojam,
Kambo(cham),
Kambocha,
Gandharanam,
Gandhdldnam,
Gandharanam, (b)
Gandhdlesu,
anatheshu
annathesu
vathashu
vathesu
anathesu
mahalokesu
mochavanavaye
mokhaye cha
•
—
eyam
mokhaye cha
mokhaye •
iyam
pajati
pajavatavi
paja
pajati
anubandha
anubandha
va viyapata
va viyapata
va vyapata
va viyapata:
sukhaye
sukhaye
sukhaye
sukhaye
hita
cha
badhasa
badhasa
badhasa
badhasa
mahalaka
mahalaketi
thairesu
mahalaketi
Hdstika
Lathika
hita
hida
vapata te 13 bandhanam
viyapata: se bandhanam
vyapata; te bandhana
viyapata se bandhanam
aparigodhra
apalibodhaye
aparagodhaya
apalibodhaya
JRastikanam
bhatamayeshu
bhatamayesu
bhatamayesu
bhati
Aparanta
Apalantd
Apardtd
Apalantd
anne
anna
anne
bhisasu
S
K
G
D
S
K
G
D
cha
ti eha
te hida
te Pdtalipute
se hida
cha
cha
patividhanaye
patividhanaya
patividhanaya
pativa * * ya
kita
kata
kata
kata
16
bahireshu
bahilesu
bah ires u
bahilesu
(a) Tbe letter n is bere omitted in the Shahbazgarhi text.
(6) Prinsep here read Gandhara, Naristiha, but the true reading is tbat given in tbe text. Similarly in the Dhauli text
tbe tu of bis Snlathika belongs to tbe previous name Qandhalem— leaving Lathika as tbe corresponding equivalent of
Xattika in tbe Shabbazgarbi and Girnar texts.
73
TEXTS.
S
K
G
D
J
cha
cha
cha
cha
S
K
G
D
J
mekasuna cha yevapi anye
bhaginiya evapi anna
8
•
ne vapi me anye
bhagininam va 26 annesu
S
K
G
D
dharma
dhamma
dhamma
dhamma
s
K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
sarveshu
savesu
orodhaneshu
holodhanesu
nagalesu
savesu (a)
olodhanesu
eva
evahi
nyatika
natikya
nyatika
va natita
savatam
savata
savata
savata
viyapata
viyapata
vyapata
viyapata
nistisita tivara dharmadhritane
nisitetiva danasayute
nistito tiva
•
nisitativam dhammadhithane,
tiva
tiva
——
tiva
asti anati mata
.
dharmayutasa vana
dhammayutasi
viyapala
viyapatale
•
dhammayutasi
viyapata
athaya
athaye
athaya
athaye
ayo
iyam
ayam
27
iyam
17
dharmalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
lipi *
likhita
likhita
likhitam
K
G
D
J
S
14
Devanampriy() Priyadarsi
Devanampiye Piyadasi
si
Devanampiye Piyadasi
1
Devanampiye Piyadasi
K
G
D
J
na
no
na
no
no
S
K
G
D
J
patimadhra
pativedana
pativedana
pativedana
pativedana
bhuta
huta
bhuta
huta
huta
ta
vasa
vata
va se
va se
Raya
Laja
Raja
Laja
Laja.
puva
puluve
puva
puluve
puluve
.
ma
ma
ma
cha
cha na
bhatanam
danasayutra
savata majata
va
chha
mama
danasayute
va sava
pathaviyain
dharmamahamatra
dhammamahamata
dhammairahamata
dhammamahamata
etaye
etaye
etaya
imaye
* * thiti va tinika bhota panja
chilathitikya hotu tatha che me paja
anuvatantu.
anuvatantu.
chilathiti
anuvatatu.
EDICT
s
bhratuna
bhatana
nagareshu
nagalesu
evam
hevam
evam
hevam
hevam
sava
savam
sa
savara
savam
maya
inaya
maya
maya
maya
hotu cha me paja
*
VI.
ahati
atikatam
atikatam
atikatam
atikantam
atikahtam
aha
aha
aha
aha
la (b)
kfilam
la
kalam
kalam
atha
atha
atha
atha
eva
hevam
evam
(a) This word (savesu) ia here repeated in the Dhauli text.
(6) Omitted in original text.
kita
kate
katam
ka^e
kate
antalam
antalam
antaram
antalam
antalam
kammeva
kamme va
kamme va
kamme va
savam
savam
save
sava
savam
TEXTS.
kalam
kalam
kale
*
#
kalam
s
K
G
D
J
esimana
adamana
bhungamana
na
2 *
*
*
S
va
va
*
K
G
D
J
—
•
S
—.
S
cha
K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
J
S
K
cha
" •
karomi
kachhami
karome
kaiami
Ji
sakam
swayam
• * • — —
_
me
me
me
me
me
S
karomi atrayutisa (c)
anapanite mamaya
maya
anapitam
anusathe
ma
anusatha
me
va
va
va
va
va
nathi
nasti
nathl
nathi
prativedaka
pativedaka,
pativedaka
pativedaka
pativedaka
savatra
savata
savata
savata
savata
———
iti "
ti
ti
ya pirokika
•
ka peyam pi cha, »*'
ya
cha
kinchi
31
ha ampi cha
kinchhi
am pi cha
kinchhi
makhata
mukhata
mukhata
mukh'ate
mukhate
eva
yeva
yava
nya * nassa bhoti
traya
aropitam
alopite
alopite
taya
tasi
tasi
athaye
athaye
athaya
athasi
athasi
savakam
savapakam
savakam
savakam
hi me
he me
pi me
pi me
bhavati
hoti
hoti
parivayesha
palisayam
parisayam
palisaya
lisaya
savatra
savata
savata
savata
savata
ti
ti
me
———
me *
me
vachasi
vachasi
vachamhi
vachasi
vachasi
——
va
va
va
va
* * ma
vasantam
vasanto
vasantam
—
kiti
kiti
kiti
viye
viye
G
pika
dipakam
dapakam
dapakam
dapakam
•
viyo pa na
vivido ni
vivado ni
vivadeva ni
vivadeva
G
D
J
1
'
gahhagarasi
gahhajjalasi
gahhagaramhi
gahhagjalasi
gahhag;alasi
savatra
savata
savata
savata
savata
cha
cha
cha
atha
atham
athe
atham
achayika
dhayaka pi nama tadhana
— mahamatehi 19 achayika
achayika
puna ——— mahathatesu
atiyayike
———— mahamatehi
atiyayike
mahamatahi
•
•
janasa
janasa
janasa
janasa
janasa
D
J
K
uyanasi
uyanasi
uyanseu
uyanasi
uyanasi
* tivedetu
pativedetha
pativeda yantu
pativedayantu
anapayami
anapayami
anapayami
anapayami
anapayami
viye
orodhanasi
^8 holodhanasi (a)
orodhanamhi
olodhanasi
olodhanasi
janasa
janasa
janasa
atham
atham
stita
cha
cha
cha
•
—
•
3
' ante
ante
atha
atha
atho me
janasa
janasa
K"
G
D
J
-
vinitasi
vinitasi
viniamhi
vinitasi
vinitasi
#
same
sa
-—
same
same
same
cha (b)
savam
save
savam
savam
doka
dose
to so
to se
to se
31
nantariyena
anantaliyena
anantaram
anantaliyam
anantaliyam
eva
eva
pativedetasa
*
*
*
pativedetayam
pativadeta
pativedeta
a *
*
kalam
kale
kalam
kalam
anapi che
uthanasi
utthanamhi
uthanasi
uthanasi
* janasa
hevam
evam
hevam
hevam
aha
atha
atha
atha
atha
N.B.—The four following lines are found only in the Sh6hldzgarhi text.
(a) As the vowel o in the first syllable of this word is attached to the aspirate, the value of the initial letter in the other
text is determined to be o also, although this was already sufficiently clear from the initial o of the Shahbazgarhi text.
(b) Norris reads atrayautaka.
(c) Omitted in original toxt.
75
TEXTS.
s
s
s
s
dapaka
acbayiti
ra
savam
va
me
pati shaye
kaiam
s
K
G
D
J
santiranaya
santilanaye
santiranaya
santilanaya
santilanayam
S
tasa
sravaka
sava
anantariya
evam
pi
cba
va
cba
cba
katava
kataviya
katavya
kataviya
5
——
mulam
•
esi
cba
XV
puna
puna
pana
tase
tasa
tasa
cha
cba
cba
S
K
G
D
J
cha
cha
cha
cha
cba
na
nathi
nasti
nathi
natbi
S
K
G
D
J
parakamama
palakamami
parakamami
palakamami
palakamami
bakam
aham
bakam
bakam
S
K
G
D
J
sukhayami
sukhayami
sukhapayami
sukhayami
sukhayami
paratam
palatam
parata
• palatam
palata
S
K
G
D
J
dharmalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
S
I£
G
D
J
me
me
me
S
hi athaya
hita
hitaya
hitaye
hitaye
K
G
D
J
.
i
bi
bi
bi
bi
tha
likhita
lekhapita,
likbita
kiti
kiti
kinti
kinti
-
cba
cba
cba
cba
cba
pntranantaro
puta dale
puta pota cha
puta
— pota —
ma bbata ta yasa
dukale cba
dukarantu
dukale cbu
dukale chu
at an am
atba
ustina cha
nthane ——
utbane cba
atha
xnuxe
mule
m<Ue
mule
sava
sava
sava
sava
sava
ama ya
iyam
idam
iyam
iyam
santirasa
.
atha
sa
ta
ti
ti
bbotu
botu
iti
botu
botu
cbasbu
kani
nani (a)
kani
kani
ayi
iyam
ayam
iyam
" iyam
cba
cha
cba
cha
7
•
palakamatu
palakamantu
anyata
annata
annata
annata
annata
kicbi
kicbhi
kinchi
kichhi
kiebbi
etaye athaye
etAyethaye
etaya atbaya
etaye athaye
etaye athaye
tatba
tatha
tatba
tatba
parakrama
palakamatu
me
me
cha
cba
cba
cba
cba
va cba yam
iha
ye ha — hida
cba
gachheyam idha cha
ye hanti hida
cba
cha
ye banti 33 hida
aradbatu
aladhayantu
aradhayantu
aladhayantu
aladhayantu
chiranthitika
cbilathitikya
cbirantisteya
chilathitika
thitlka
santirana
santilana
santilana
•
bit! ti + yam
bitayam yam
bitattaya
bitena am
bitene am
loka
loka
loka
loka
loka
——
papota
papota
bitam
bita
bitam
bito
bite
1
saga
swagam
swagam
svragam
swagam
—
•—
kint:i
—
na
vatijati
eavatra
atba
loka
loka
loke
loka
loka
sava
sava
save
sava
sava
—— tanam enani desa
bhutanam
annaniyam
bhutanam
anannam
bbutanam
annaniyam
niyam L
lil-liiH
22
etra
esa
iyam
iyam
kammatara
kammatalam
kammataram
kammatalam
kammatala
pana
mahamata
atbaya
vividesa
me
detaro
sti hi m<i tatanya
me
me
me
me
me
manatrabi
mutebi
matehi
matebi
—
jr
G
D
J
yata
taya
pativi
maya * *
va
bboti
na
anyapitam
age
agena
agena
ngena
agena
(a) From the grcnt similarity of the two letters n and k, they are frequently mistaken.
most probably kani.
tasa sa
savaloka
savaloka
eavaloka
savaloka
parakamena
palakamenani
parakamena
palakamena
palakamena
The true reading in this text iu
TEXTS.
76
EDICT VII
s
K
G
D
J
1
Devanampriyo
Devanampiye
1
Devanampiyo
Devanampiye
8
Priyasi («)
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
.
Eaja
Laja.
Eaja.
Laja
Laja.
savvatra
* vata.
savata
savata
savata
S
E
G
D
J
vaseyu
vase va
vaseyu
vasevu *
vase *
save ite
save hite
save te
ti save
* save
sayaman
sayaman
sayaman cha
hota sayaman
hite saya am
S
K
G
D
J
cha
va
uchavacha
uchavacha
uchavacha
2
uchavacha
uchavacha
chhando
chhanda
chhando
chhanda
chhanda
S
K
G
D
J
savam
savam
savam
savam
S
pi cha
pi cha
tu pi
pi cha
pi cha
ic
G
D
J
S
K
G
D
J
cha
cha
kitanyata
kitanatu
katamnyata,
______
________->
va
bhavasudhi
bhavasudhi
2
bhavasudhin
bhavasudhi
bhavasudhi
kasanti
va
va
(c)
yasa
tasa
yasa
asa
——
dane
dane
dane
dane
dane
•
sava
save
sava
sava
rago
laga
rago
22
\
sayaman
sayame
sayame
sayame
kashanti
kachhanti
kasanti
kachhati
kachhanti
5
va
vipule
vipule
3
vipule
vipula
vipule
—,
bhavasudhi
bhavasudhi
bha.vasuddb.ita . va
cha
bhavasudhi
.
padham.
padham.
badham.
badham.
badham.
niche
nicha
nicha,
niche
niche
•
cha,
jano
mune
jano tii
munisa
munisa
te
te
te
te
te9
laga
laga
ekadesaancL va 4 pi
ekadesam pi
ekadesam va
ekadesa *
ekadesam va
nasti
nathi
nasti
nathi
dridhabhatita (d)
dadhibhatita
dadhabhatita,
_____
ila
va
cha
cha
cha
cha
1 A
pashan
pasanda,
pasanda
pasanda (b)
pasanda
sawam
ichhanti 3
ichhanti
ichhati
ichhanti
ichhanti
cha
uchavacha
uchavacha
- - uchavacha
uchavacha
uchavacha
(a)
{b)
—
ichhati
ichhati
ichhati
ichhati
ichhati
EDICT VIII.
17
K
G
D
J
Atikatam
Atikantam
Atikatam
3 * # kantam
10
t*kautam
S
K
G
D
J
anyane
anyani
anyani
annani
annani
s
cha
cha
cha
cha
cha
antaram
antalam
antaram
antalam
antalam
ne Raya
Devanampiya
Eajano
Lajano
Laja
edisani
hedisani (e)
etarisani
edisani
viharayatam name
*. * * dhiya * * *
viharayatam nyayasu
vahalayatam «ama
atasamana
abhila mani
2
abhira makani
abhila mani
a * ila mani
abhavasu
hunsam
ahumsu
puvam tinam
puvam tinam
nikhamisham
nikhamisuhida
eta
* khamisa
so
so
se
se
gamagaye
migaviya
magavya
* * viya
Devanampriyo
Devanampiye
Devanampiyo
Devanampiye
Devanampiye
(a) Priyasi iii original, the d having been omitted by the engraver.
(6) Hananda is read by Wilson, and it is so lithographed; but as pdsa might easily be mistaken for hana, the word has
certainly been misread.
(c) Omitted in original texts.
(ct) This reading of the Shahbazgarhi text confirms Westergaard's emendation of drirha lhaktita in the Girnar text.
(e) This is another instance of the cockney aspirate in the Khalsi text.
77
TEXTS.
S
K
G
D
J
Priyadarsi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
4
Piyadasi
" Piyadasi
S
K
G
D
J
sa
ta
sa
ta
dasavashabhisito
dasavasabhisite
dasavasabhisito
dasavasabbisite
Ranya
Laja
Raja
Laja
Laja
dharmayatra
dhammayata
dhammayata
dhammayata
*
etaya iyam
etayam
etayam
tesa
tesa
*
S
K
G
D
J
anu
cha
cha
cha
cha
S
K
G
D
pajanasa
janapadasa
janapadasa
janapadasa
S
K
G
D
J
dharma pari
dhamma pali
dhamma pari
*
*
*
S
K
G
D
J
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
vidhanam
thairanam
vadhanam
vadhanam.
cba
hoti
boti
hoti
hoti
hoti
Sramanam Bramananam
Samana Bambbanananl
Bahmana Samananam
Samana Babhananam
Sa
*
*
*
dasane
dasane
dasane
dasane
*
cba
cha
cha
cha
janasa
janasa
janasa
janasa
dasana
dasanam
dasanam
dasane
puvachu
puchha
puchha
*chha
cha
cha
Priyadarsisa
Piyadasisa
Piyadasino
Piyadasine
"Piyadasine
*
hiranya
hilanna
hiranna
4
hilanna
12
hilanna
tadopayam
tatapayo
tadopaya
tadapaya
Eanye
Lajine
Eanyo
Lajine
Lajine
K
G
D
-J
S
K
G
D
J
18
34
1
6
14
Devanampriyc>
Devanampiye
Devanampiyo
Devanampiye
Devanampiye
ucham vacham
nchavacbam
uchavacham
uchavacham
jani
jano
jano
jano
_———
S
K
G
D
J
Priyadarsi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
vivahesi
vivahesu
vi * *
va
*
mangalam
mangalam
mangalam
mangalam
ete
esa
esa
* sa
na
cha
cha
cha
cha
patividhane
patividbane
patividhano
patividhane
•patividhane
cha
cha
cha
cha
cha
bhayerati
bhayalati
bhayarati
abhilatne
* lame
bhago
bbage
bhage
bhage
bahge
Raya
Laja
Raja
Laja
Laja
dasane
dasane
dasane
dasana
#
#
dharmanusati
dhammanusathi
dhammanusasti
dhammanasathi
cha
EDICT
s
nikamisaye •
* dbitena
nikbami tham sam 23 bodbinitena
ayayasam
bodhimitena
nikbamisam
bodhi * —tena
santu
santu
santo
———
dava
dane
dan©
dane
dane
cha
cha
*
*
bhoti
hoti
bhavati
hoti
hoti
anye.
anne.
anne.
anne.
a**
IXevam
ahati
eva
hevam
aba
aba
.
aha
1
karoti
ka * *
karote
kaloti
paja patu di
pajupadaye
putalabhesu
* jupadaye
pajupadaye
•
asti
athi
.
abadhasa
abadbcsi
abadhesu
aKadhesu
va
•
va ativaha
avaha
va2 avaha
pavasa
pavasasi
pavasammhi
pavasasi
pavasasi
va
kMWMM
78
S
K
G
D
J
TEXTS.
7
ataya
etaye
etamhi
etaye
etaye
anyaye
annaye
anyamhi
annaye
cha
cha
cha15
ata
heta
eta
tu
vu
tu
putika
khudavi
chhadam
puti *
cha
bahu
bahu
bahukam
striyaka abakejanibhu
mahadayo
nirastiyam
nilathiyam
niratham
nilathiyam
va
cha
mangala
mangale
mangalam
* mangale
mangale
cha
va
cha
cha
kataviya
katavi cheva
katavyameva
kativiye
kativiye
S
K
G
D
J
matakho
•
chukho
mangalam
ayam
mangalam * ayam
,
,
,.
S
K
G
D
J
mangala
asa ima
•
mangale
dhammamangale
dhammamangale
dhammamangale
* * *
tateta
tatesa
S
K
G
D
J
samapatipati
samapatipati
samyapatipati
sammapatipati
samyapatipati
S
K
G
D
J
Sramana
Samana
Bahmana
Samana
Samana
S
K
G
D
J
ye
17
cha
cha
cha
cha
tu
va garanam
gulunam
gujunam
9
gulunam
gulunam
apa * ti
apachiti
apachiti
apachi *
apachiti
Bramana
Eambhananam
Samananam
Babhanunam
Bambhand
*
hedisatam
etarisam
mahaphalam
mahaphale
mahaphale
mahaphale
karoti
kaloti
karote
kaloti
kaloti
ta
se
se
tukho
(chu) kho (a)
tukho
chakho
chakho
etadi
* sa iyam
etarisam
esahedisam
esaha *
*
dasa
dasa
dasa
dasa
bhatakasa
bhatakasi
bhatakamhi
bhatakasi
bhatakasi
yema
pasadhu
pan * *
sadhu panesu
sayama
sayamme
sadhu
panesu
eta
ese
eta
esa
sadhu
dharmasa
dhamma
dhamma
dhamma
bahuvidham
bahuvidham
bavuvidham
ithibidham
cha
cha
cha
mangala
mangalam
mangalam
mangalam
— mangalam
apaphalam
apaphale
apaphalam
apapale
1S
apaphale
S
K
G
D
J
kho
tu
le (dhe) no
chevakho
mangalam
mangalam
mangalam
mangalam
* * na datu
jane
• bahu
jano uchavacham
jine bahukam
jane bahukam
hadesi
edisaye
cha
hedisaye
hedisaye
va
cha
mangale
mangalam
gala (b)
nama
nama
nama
cha
anya
anne
anne
anne
pe
ta
ta
(a) Perhaps intended for Chukha, or even tttkha.
(b) The m of mangala is omitted on the rock by a mistake of the engraver or writer.
vataviye
vatavyam
vataviye
TEXTS.
K
G
D
J
pitana
pitina
pita
pitina
* tina
S
K
G
D
J
mata
mata
(
(
.(
S
nasti
kataviye
katavya
# # *
kataviye
s
K
G
D
J
sava
Pi
va
Pi
Pi
putena
putena
putena
putena
putena
sa
Pi
va
Pi
Pi
ava
sastatena
santhatena
ava
omitted
do.
do.
mangalam
mangale
mangalam
* * lam
18 *
*
bhata
bhatina
bhata
bhatina
bhatina
prativatiyena
pativesiyenapi
tasa
tasa
tasa
tasa
*
#
ya
ava
ava
ava
*
#
79
*
pi
va
pi
pi
imasa
iyam
) idam
)
*
) iyam
*
* kena
suvamikena
swamikena
10 suvamike
suvamikena
alatha
sadhu
sadhu
* #
sadhu
#
atasa cha
athasa
athasa
athasa
*
*
pi
Pi
va
Pi
saka (a)
iyam
idam
*
*
iyam
taviye
dita
nidhatiya
nistanaya
nidhatiya
* * # *
tadiki
At this point of Edict IX the text of the two northern versions differs from that of Girnar, Dhauli, and
Jaugada. The remainder of the Edict is therefore given in two separate parts.
Continuation of the SHAHBAZGARHI and KHALSI versions.
20
K
ima
iyam
S
K
siyato
sayavatam
S
K
lobha cha
lochavase
S
K
pitam
S
K
puna
S
K
thani
atham
S
K
asti pahhata
se athe helata
S
K
mangale
*
*
tena dharmapaga.
s
kusaye
kusi *
eva
va
take
cha la
tatha
atham
nivakayati
nivateya
ava
iyamjana
*
pavasati
ha
panchesu
varo
hida
tathhati
nivatati
dhata
cha
sansaye
sansayi
kitam
kyase
sayapanena
sayapanena
dharma
anuna
dhammamangale
dharma
noniteti
ya
atham
#
mangalam
mangale
iha
hida
*
*
akalikyo
anutam
hida
atham
atham
aprataranam
katam
va panyaprasata
abhi
tata
panyapasa
anantam
asaladham
ubhiyetam
ka
pana
pha
*
ham
na
palata
*
che
divati
ita
anantara
bhoti
27 adhehoti
dina
pasavati
orochasc
hida cha
ta
*
Continuation of the GIRNAR, DHAULI, and JAUGADA 'versions.
G
D
J
asti cha
athi
*
*
pavutarn
pavutam
#
#
sadhu
vate
#
#
dana
dane
*
G
D
J
asti dara
(athi dane)
* se dane
va
anagaho
anugahe
anugahe
va
va
adi
———
#
iti
na
sathiti
#
#
tu
yarisam
"adi va
ve
dhammadanam
dhammadane
dhammadane
(a) Or perhaps anetha or anyetha.
etarisam
hedisam
*
#
va
•
•
80
TEXTS.
G
D
J
dhammanugaho
va
dhammanuga (he)
dhamm&nugahe
cha
G
D
J
va
G
D
J
tamhi
tasi
8
ta
tukho
se
chukho
nyatikena
suhadayena
sahayena
sapayena
tamhi
pakarane
pakalanasi
idam
i *
kacha
iti
12
*
G
D
J
* *
saka
lmim
imena
imena
swagam
ka
sakiye
imina
—
swage
katavyataram
aradhetu
iti
aladhayitave
aladhayitave
swagaradhi.
alabhi.
yata
tasa
kataviyatala
EDICT
SI
Priyadarsi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Devanampriyo
Devanampiye
Devanampiyo
D
J
-piye
G
D
J
na
S
K
pi
pi
mahatha
mahatha
mahatha
ha
va
va
va
va
Da
sriti
va kiti
yaso
yasa
Eaya
Laja
Raja
Laja
———
ha
na
omitted
va
va
X.
yaso
yaso
yaso
yaso
21
yaso
imati
ichhati
T\
J
dharmasususha
dhammasususa
dhammasusunsa
14
dhammasususa
dhammasususam
S
K
G
D
J
tada
jane
me jana
jane
jane
S
K
G
D
J
dharmavatam
dhammavatam
dhammavatam
dhamma *
*
*
*
eta
,eta
.eta
eta
kaye
kaye
kaya
kaye
cha
va
cha
kirti
kiti
kiti
kiti
kiti
va
va
va
va
va
manyati
manati
manyate
mannati
va
anyata
anata
anyata
vakitiva
ichhati
ichhati
tena
tasa
tadatwaye
tadadwano
ta datwaye
ta datwaye
sususha
sususa
sususa
sususa
sususa
ta
tarn
tam
tarn
G
S
K
G
D
idam
yam
G
D
J
S
K
G
ovaditavyam
yovadita
va
tivi
yo
yam
ayatiya cha
ayatiye cha
dighaya cha
annati
anyatiye cha
meti
mati
me
me
annvidhayatam.
* nuvidhiy&tati.
anuvidhiyatam.
Devanampriya
Devanampiye
Devanampiyo
Priyadarsi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Raya
Laja
Raja
28
yaso
yaso
• yaso
yaso
TEXTS.
s
kiti
va
va
va
K
G
D
J
parakramate
lakamati(a)
parakamate
palakammati
S
K
G
D
J
paratikaye
palatikyaye
paratikaya
palatikaye
palatikaye
S
K
G
D
dukarata
dukale
4
dukaranta
*
*
Pryadarsi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
*
#
Devanampriyo
Devanampiye
Devanam (b)
Devanampiye
Devauampiye
va sati
va kinti
va kinti
va 15 kinti
va kinti
kho
chukho
klio
kaje
sukali
sukale
sakalc
sakale
sakale
eshe
ese
etam
tava * gena
parakamena
anata agena
palakamena
anyata agena
parakamena
(anna) ta agena * * * na
S
K
G
D
J
kichi
kichi
kichi
va
va
va
va
kiti
kiti
kiti
S
K
G
D
81
Raya
Laja
Eaja
*
savam
savam
savam
savam
va
va
va
gena
vatena
janna
pari
paliti
pari
•
savam
savam
savam
*
siyati eshe
siyatiti ese
asa esa
puveyati
puveyati
apansave
apapalasava
apaparisave
apaplasave
apapalisave
va dakena
khudakena
chhudakena
va
ta
ta
ta
tu parasraveyam apunyam
chu palisakha e apunne
tu parisaveya apunyam
* * # *
palisa
23
usadhinya
usutena
usatena
cha
disa
jipta
paliti
jita
cha
cha
va.
cha
eta
peta
eta
ti(?)
*
*
#
*
usa
dukale.
usatena
va
dukaram. (c)
usatena
usathena
dakena
cha
dukalata.
usatena
va
va
chu
dukena
dukalatale.
usatena
va
va usatena
N.S.—In the Dhauli and Jaugada texts of Asoka's Series of Rock Inscriptions, the lltb, 12th, and 13th Edicts are
omitted, but both texts close with a copy of the 14th Edict.
S
K
G
D
J
chukho
takho
16
khu
khu
dikena
omitted
)
latasate *
cha
29
EDICT
S
3C
G
S
K
G
a
Devanampriyo Priyadarsi
Devanampiye Piyadasi
Devanampiyo Piyadasi
Eaya
Laja
Eaja
dharmadanam dharmsanstavo
dhammadane {omitted)
• •
dhammadiinam dhammasanstavo va
XI.
evam ahati; nasti
hevam (d) ha nathi
evam aha, nasti
dharmasamvibhago
dhammasamvibhago
dhammasamvibhago
edisam
hedisam
etarisam
•
•
va
danam
danam
danam
yansam
yadisam
yarisam
dhannasambandho
dhammasambandha
dhammasambandho
(a) The letter p is omitted in the original text.
(J) piye is omitted in the original.
(<?) Burnouf (Le Lotus, p. 659) has given his reading of the text of this Edict, with a translation, which differ from
those of Prinsep and Wilson.
(d) The initial letter a of aha is omitted in the original text.
TEXTS.
82
s
K
G
2
S
K
G
S
K
G
s
*ta
tata
tata
susushu
sususa
sususa
— —
———
bhavati
ldam
ese
idam
mitasastuta
mitasathuti
mitasatuta
prananam anarambho
pananam analambho
3
pananam anarambho
datam bhatakanam
dasa bhatakasi
dasa bhatakamhi
nyatakanam
natikyanam.
nyatikanam
etam
——
etam
bhatena
bhatina
hhata
K
G
Pi
S
K
G
sastutana ———
santhutana •
sastutana nyatikena
S
K
G
katavo
kataviye
katavyam
S
K
G
parata
palata
parata
Pi
Pi
tatha
tatha
tatha
vatavo
vataviye
vatavyam
anantam
anantam
anantam
Devanampiye
Devanampiye
S
K
G
——
cha
S
K
G
pujayene
pujayene
S
K
G
va
va
S
K
G
pasamlanam
pasandanam
31
gahathani
gharistani
La]a,
Eaja
va
•
Devanampiye
Devanampiyo
sala
sara
2
nena
tatha
tatha
manati
manyate
vadhina
vadhitu
tu "
atha
yatba
kinti
kiti
bahuvidha
bahuvidha
putrena
pute
putena
Pi
Pi
mitra
mita
mita
ide
iyam
idam
aradheti
aladhe
aradho
hoti
hoti
dharmadanena.
dhammadanena.
dhammadanena.
tena
tena
tena
pasandani
pasantlani
danena
danena
cha
pujayati
danam
dane
danam
XII.
sava
sava
pujati
pujayati
cha
"bho
—bhavati
sadhu
pi
pi
va
sadhu
sadhu
sadhu
loka cha
lokikye dhikam
lokachasa
punyam krasava (a)
puna, pasavate
punyam
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
—
iyam
idam
iha
hida
i(ha)
EDICT
K
G
pitrena
pitina
pita
•
M
sa * *
na,
sadhu
mitrena
mikvena
pativesiyena
pativesiyena
pativesiyehi
karatam
kalanta
karu
inatapitushu
matapitisu
matari pitari
Bramana
Bambhana
Samana
va
sava
va
ava
ava,
ava
va
so
so
4
so
cha
cha
cha
Sramana
Samana
Bahmana
•
ese
sadhu
M
samapatipati
samyapatipati
samapatipati
tas,a
tasa
vividheya
vividhaya
cha
dane
danam
sala
sara
pavajitani
puvajitani
cha
va
va
vadhisiyati
vadhi asa
'
tasa
cha
tu
cha
cha
puja
puje
§ava
sava
iyam
idam
(a). In Arian-Pali the two letters Tc and p may easily be mistaken; but as the dental-sibilant of Sliahbazgarhi differs
from the palatal sibilant of Klialsi, it is possible that the words may be different.
83
TEXTS.
s
K
G
mule
lnulam ya
S
K
G
galaha nam
garaha
K
G
32
ava
va
apakalanasi
apakaranamhi
lahaka
lahaka
pnjeta
pujeta
viya
S
K
G
hevam
evam
kalata
katam
S
K
G
upakaloti
upakaroti
va
* ta ata pasanda
atta pasanda
kinti
kinti
va palapasanda
parapasanda
va puja
puja
taua apa saka kate vam nosaya
va no bhave
K
G
S
K
G
chatuti
va
va
chu
tu
atapasanda
attapasanda
K
G
^ palapasanda (a)
parapasandam
S
K
G
atapasanda
attapasandam
dipaye
dipaye
S
K
G
'attapasandam
badhatale
badhataram
K
G
mannamanusa
manyamanyasa
dhammam
dhammam
K
G
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
ichha,
ichha
S
K
G
kalanaga
kalanyagama
cha ha
cha
badha
cha
koloti
karoti
apakaloti
apakaroti
tamsi
tamlu
tena
tena
vadhiyeti
vadha3'ati
atapasanda
attapasandam
ye
hi
hi
galahati
garahati
save
sava
ma
ma iti
suneyu
sunaja
ve yati eva
asu ye cha
34
va kinti
kinti
tatha
tatha
kalota
karoti
atapasanda pi sama viyeva
tasa ma
vayo eva
tata
tata
bahu
bahu
tata
tata
puyati
pujayati
bhatiya.
bhatiya
puna
puna
sususayu
susunsera
pi va
cha
palapasanda
parapasanaHa
atapasanda
attapasanda
atapasand
attapasanda
savapasanda
savapasanda
akalana
pakaranyena
tena
tena
ckhanoti
chhanoti
kacha
kachi
cha,
cha
pakalanasi
pakaranye
palapnsanda
pavapasaudasa
cha
cha
cha
cha
upahanti
upahanati
kinti
kinti
tamsi
tamhi
palapasanda
parapasanda
eva
tada, anatlia
tadantetha
va
Pi
siya,
asa
sadhu
sadha,
va ti
cha
puta {b)
suta {b)
pasannate
pasannate
hevam
evam
kinti
kinti
pi
hi
cba,
cha
hi
hi
vataviye
vatavya
(o). Here ptisanda is spelt with the dental s instead of the palatal s, as in other places of this latter part of the Khalsi text.
(6). Here it is difficult to say •whether the engraver has changed the letters p and s, which are very much alike, as the two
words puta and suta have the same meaning.
TEXTS.
s
K
G
Devanampiye no
Devanampiyo no
S
K
G
kinti
kinti
sala,
sara
S
K
G
thaye
atha,
viyapata
vyapata
K
G
bhuniikya.
bhumika
S
K
G
.,
vadhi
vadhi
tatha
tatha
danam
danam]
vadhi
vadhi
siya
asa
dhammamahamata
dhammamahamata
— ane
cha anya
cha
cha
puja,
puja
• pasanda ti
pasandanam
cha
ithidhiya
itthijha
iyam
ayan
mannate
manyate
bahuka
bahuka
cha
cha
dipana (a)
cha dipana
cha dipana
hoti dhammasa
hoti dhammasa
va
va
sava
sara
35
nikaye
nikaye
vaya,
cha
va
va
atha
yatha
cha
va
etaya,
etaya
kha
kha
mahamata
maham ata
vacha
cha vacha
etasa
etasa
phaleyam atapasanda
phalaya
attapasanda
—
atha,
-
chha vepa
yepabhi
pitasa.
pitasa.
EDICT XIIIS
K
Devanampi'iyasa
Devanampiyasa
S
K
G
ma
ma
S
K
G
patesa
satesa
patasa
S
K
.G
S
K
3
Priyardasisa
Piyadasine
kali *
kalikhhyam
asra sata
sata
sata
apana
apana
etahatam
tatahate
etahatam
pasamatam
pasamatam
tari nata cha santa
tata, tha va sadhuna
tata pachha adhuna
Jadheshu
ladhesu
ladhesu
Kali (ngeshu)
Kalingesu
Kaiingesu
.*
#
S
K
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
S
K
G
ta
ta
vata
vadha
vadho
#
#
vijitaviya
vijitavi
ti
va
va
ti
ti
-
ma mata
dhamanusathi cha
dhammakammata, dhammanusathi cha
*
*
*
* aha
sahaseye tupha aha
bahu
bahu
bahu
36
Q.
ta
vijita
vudhi
vudhena
ti *
tivate
tivata
ka
*
keva mite
kammata
ve
ve
dhar
dhammavaye
dhammavayo
#
*
*
#
Devanam piyasa je atiri anusaye
#
kayi (?)
kalikhyani
3
avijitamhiti
avijitamhi
maranam
maline
maranyam
sta
va
va
jina
jine
mano
mane
apada
apavaho
apavaho
yota
eta
va
va
(a) Here begins the legible portion of the inscription on the back of the Sbahbazgarhi rock.
TEXTS.
S
K
G
janasa
janasa
janasata
S
K
Gr
garamata
galamate (5)
gannamata
ye taram radhi Hpa
badham
badhi
badham
che
——
cha
ba
ba
ma
va
va
———
anava
shana
vedana
ve*dana
matu
mate (a)
mata
Devanam priyasa *
* ta cha
Devanam piyasa iyampichu tato
De
•
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
matura
tale
85;
4
savata ha
savata
vasasti
vasati
gatethi
gihitha
vayesa
vayesu
mata
mata
mata
pitri
pita
pitari.
sususha
sususa
susunsa
sahaya
sahaya
sahaya
5
Bramana
Eambhand
S
K
G
Sramana
va Sama (c) va
S
K
G
etam
agine
S
K
G
sususha
susa (c)
susunsa
S
K
pratipapati tanam sharatam
patipati
dandhaliti tale
S
K
G
va
va
vadho cha anya natarika
abhilatanam vikhini khamane
S
K
avi pra
pe avipa
adi
hine
S
K
G
bhavasada
viyasanam
vyasanam
S
K
G
bhoti panti
pati pati
patipati
K
G
nathi cha sejana padeya ta
S
K
G
(
,
omitted.
cha samane cha, nathi cha, ku vapi janapadasi yatha nathi munisanam eka tala sa pi pasanisino
(
omitted.
bhoti
* *
pashanda
pasanda
S7
su§usha
sususa
*
* sa
mitasantala
mitasanthata
mitasanstata
6
prapunati
papunata
papunoti
bhagam
bhagam
bhago
tara
mita
tatam
tata,
vata
apragatho
pasaghate
manampasharam pi sati
yesamva, pi vavi
8
sastata
§anthuta
tarn
so
so
va
va
cha
ekatarehi
imenikaya
manusanam ekataramhi
pasandehi
anatayenesa
pasandamhi
(a) These two words may be read as muti and galamute.
(b) The na of samana is omitted in the original.
(e) The second su of this word is omitted in the original.
sava
sine
nyati
natikyo
nyatika
aya
vo
va
—
ea * *
sa«ra ma
vadham
vadhe
hitanam
hitanam
sa
sa
pitesha
pitaname
pitesa
tana
bhotikanam
bhatika
cha atam sante man ey an am gatamanam cha
cha esa sava manayanam gula
vate ma
vasa sava
nasti.
nathi
nasti
jasha
* thasa
'
shusuri
gulu
guru
shunasa
sususa
sadasa
bhoti
hoti
santeta
atrasha
e tanam
nyatike
natiko
nyatike
hatha
vihita
upaghato
upaghata
upaghato
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
yato
39
(
Bambhane
(
86
TEXTS.
K
G
s
nanama
nama
na nama
S
K
G
nalagehata
Kalingesu pinete
6
•
nayas aka *
S
K
G
a cha
S
.ajagatra
ajagalu
K
prasade
pasade
pasade
sayame
se avata
yavata
cha
cha
. va
metam
mata
mitaneya
7
tarata
tat&
sata
puto
—
matra
mateva
jatuna
jane
janapada
rava
-
taraka
tada
*
*
apara
a
papavudha *
ataviyo
cha
cha
vapi
Bhagava
Bhagava
—
1
—
———
tre
ke
ko
cha
ha
sahasra
sahasa
Bhagava
Bhagava
Devamunpiyasa
Devaniampiyasu
yo pibho
G
S '
aprakati
yati
chha
mitratiya
xnatera
Devanampriyasa
S
yam sako chha manayaya pihi athabi Devanampriyasa a
2C
______
S
anatija
TT
_____
S
K
G
priya
(a)
S
K
G
samam
samam
samam
•
_______
piti
________
anatrape
pricha
______
vatiya
rabhasi
valiya
madavati
(5 letters) cheram
dharma
dhamma
cha
cha
4
*
bhutanam
# # *
bhutanam
sava
sava
7
sava
2
yo
ye
pabhatre
______
8
_—___——
*
tarn bhoti rati anadeti
,
'
Devanam —•
-——_
achhati
achhatim
aye
iya
vijayo
vijaye
*
_______
sayamam
* yama
sayamam
cha
cha
vu
cha
mati
masajuya
ma
#
*
#
madana
cha
sanam
se cha
danaladha
punaladhe
cha
Devanampriyasa
3 Devanampiyasa
»
' Devanam priyasa
Devanam pi
i a
*
G
S
K
G
S
K
G
S
K
G
save shu
save
ANTIYOKE
ANTIYOGE
*
*
*
5
ANTIYOKENA
ANTIYOGENA
chham
sacha
nama
nama
*
*
chatura
chatuU
chaturo
anteshu
atesu
Yona
Yona
* Yona
IIII
+
Eaja
*
Eaja
rajane
lajane
rajano
9
piyo jana
pichha jane
ash asu
asasu
*
paran
palan
paran
sacho
* *
cha
cha
cha
TURAMAYE
TULAMAYE
TUEAMAYO
shasantam
sat«sa ate
tena
tena,
tena
nama,
nama,
cha,
(a) The Khalsi text here begins again with the 2nd line on the S face of the rock.
TEXTS.
S
K
G
ANTIKINI
ANTEKINA
ANTAKANA
S
K
niche
nicham
S
K
G
heva
nama,
nama,
cha,
MAKA
MAKA
MAGA
Choda,
Choda,
nama,
na 6 ma,
cha
Panda
Pandiyd
avam
avam
10
S
K
G
Nabhaha Nabhamateshu
Ndbhaka-Ndbha-pantisu
S
K
D
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiyasa
dhamannsasti
dhammanusathi
dhammanusastim
S
K
G
detanavam chantiti
neyantito
piautu
pisutu
S
K
dhamanuvidhiyanti
dhamma anuvidhiyama
S
K
G
savatam
savata
savatha
S
K
G
priti
S
K
G
mahavila
mahapha * li
menyati
mannanti
S
K
G
dhamalipi
dhammalipi
likhita
likhita
S
K
G
vijaya
vijayam
vijayam
S
K
G
chala va
* cha la-va
ls
danda
danda
Tambapaniya
Tambapanniyd
Devanampriyasa
Devanam pinniya (c)
vijaye
ta.
vijayo
12
kiti
kiti
9
Devanampriyasa
Devanampiyasa
#
#
#
ha
va
piduta
piduti
11
13
etati
etaye
amanye
manisu
mam
ronche
loche
priti
sapiti
10
piti rasa seludha
piti
piti
parantika
palantikya
athaye
athaye
cha
ch&
prapotra
papota
shakhuda
sayakasi
nyasarasake
tutam rana
tutameva chu
asam
anam
me
me
yo
no
eva
vij a
vijayam
*
dhamanusasti
dhammanusathi
kena
kena
vija
neta
eta
vijaye u
gadha sa hoti
ladha sa ——
putra
puta
vijasavam
vijayantaviya
vijetavyam
ta
va
savatam:
savata :
savata :
dhamavutam tivena
lamavutam vadhanam
nivam akatutisam
sila haka ve kho
Devanampriyo
Devanampiye
Yona-Tcamboyeshu,
Yona-kabojesu,
Andhra-Pulindeshu
Andha-Palandesu, (&)
9
* dha-Pirindesu,
* cha 8a * ludha
achayo se • ladhe
pitilase
piti raso
mevam
meva
8
anuvatantiyata
anuvatareyata
anuvadhiyesam
anuvidhiyisam
nama
nama
hevam
heva
visha tini
vishamvasi
Bhqja-PitiniJceshu,
Bhoja-PitiniJcyesu,
•
#
#
#
dhamavijaya
dhammavijayam
dhammavijayamhi
ma
ma
ma
ALIKASANDAKE
ALIKYASADALE
raja
laja
meva
vijaye (c)
puna
87
bhoti
hoti
bhoti
hoti
hoti
mevam
meve
ayo
iyam
14
chanam
navam
tijasajati
vijayasikhanti
vijayechhati
manyanye
manataye
(a) This word is not very clear: it may be pada or panda.
(b) The text is here very indistinct.
(c) The word vijaye is inserted in small letters above the line, having been originally omitted by the engraver.
88
S
K
G
TEXTS.
12
S
K
G
dhamavijaya
dhammavijayese
pida
paralokike
pala 16 lokiye
lokikya
titati bhotu ya num'a tata sai
kanilati ho * uga mala ti sapi
hidelokika
hidalokika
* i * lokika
EDICT
Devanampriyena
Devanampiyena
Devanampiyena
Devanampiyena
dhamalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
S
K
G
D
1S
'
sukhitena
sankhitena
sankhitena
asti
athi
asti
athi
gantite
ghantite
ghatitam
ghantite
ghatite
ma olake
mahalake
mahalake
18
mahantehi
mahantehi
S
K
G
D
J
mi cheva
mi cheva
chema
i
amicha atra
nikyam athi mi heta
asti cha etakam
athi pa cha
hi
hi
19
S
K
G
D
madhuliyaye
madhuritaya
taya
madhuliyaye
21
asamatam
asamati
asamatam
asamati
Pisina (a) 1
Piyadasina
Piyadasino
Piyadasina
yena
kiti
19
kinticha
kinticha
likhitam
likhite
likhitam
likhitesam
jane:
jano:
jane
jane
desam
disa
asadesam
* * * sam
vithatena
: hahu
: hahu
: bahu
: bahu
20
ta *
tatha,
tatha
tatha
tatH
va
va
va
Eanyina
Lajina
Kanya
Lajina
vistitena
vithatena
vistatena
vijite
vijite
pivijitam
vijaye
vijaye
punapane
punapuna
punapuna
s
K
G
D
J
paranlokika,.
palalokikya.
cha. paralokika
cha.
XIV.
tesam nyitena
y0
athi
majhimena
asti
majhamena
majhamena
24
athi.
* jhimena.
S
K
G
D
J
cha.
cha
sava
sava
likhapita
likhapita
lekhapita
likhi * *
hi
no hi
nacha
napi
napi
cha
va
cha
ke cha
pratipajayati
patipajeyase
patipajetha
patipajeyati
patipajeyati
sankhaye
sankhaye
sachhaya
savatam sa
savata
savam (6)
save
save
likhite
likhite
likhitam
likhite
pa * shanata tasa tasa
ladhita
tasa tasa,
vutam
tasa tasa
athi yeva
asti eva,
savve
save
pavata
savata
savata
likhipasa
lekhapesa
likhapayisam
likhi yisa
athasa
athasa
sosiyaya atam kiche
saya ata kichhi
5
tata ekada
epi cha hetam
epi chu hetam
karanam
kalanam
karanam
va
va
va
(a) Sic in original.
(b) It is clear from the agreement of the other four texts that the initial p of this word Bhould be *. A single stroke
omitted by the engraver on the left Land of the letter has left the unfinished s a simple p.
TEXTS.
K
G
D
alochanti
alochayita
6
alovetta
* * ti -
lipikara
lipikala
lipikara
lipikala
89
sava aparadhena
paladhena va.
paradhena va.
* * * ti.
The Girn&r text originally concluded with a single isolated line, of which only the latter portion now
remains. It reads as follows :•—
# # * # * #
sweto
va
hasti
savaloka
sukhaharo
nama.
No. 6.
First separate Edict at Dhauli and Jaugada.
See Prinsep, Journal Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 441, and Burnouf, Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, pp. 671—693.
D
J
l
Devanampiyasa
* Devanampiye
D
J
vataviyam.
vataviyi.
Am
Am
D
J
me
me
tu
pbe
phe (5)
duvale:
duvale:
hi
hi
sumunisanam
* munisanam
sa
J
hakam
# *
D
J
yujevu ti (he me hasa) (c) supi ichhami
•
• he meva me iya sava
munisa
gamake
gamake
4
iyam
iyam
2
duvalate
duvalate
etasi
save 5 munise
sava munise
ga ve ma
ga ve ma
7
3
atha
atha
alabhe
alabhe
ham,
ham,
athasi
am
am
tuphe
tuphe
paja mama atha
paja
atha
kecha va
kecha
ichbami
ichhami
cha
cha
3
dukam
su *
viyopalaka (a)
viyopalakahe
tarn
tarn
panasahasesu
panasahasesu
hitasukhenam
hita sukhenam
vena
vena
nagala
hagale
bakam
hannam
bahAsu
bahusu
D
J
D
J
mahamata
mahamata
dakhami
dakhami
pativedayeham
pativedayeham
mokhyamata
mokhiyamate
* anusathi
anusathi
Tosaliyam
Samapayam
kiclihi
kichhi
e *
ena
D
J
D
J
vachanena
hevam aha
yujeyuti
no cha
ta he
eka
eka
kinti
kinti
esa cha
esa cha
61
BU
ayata
pana me
# # *
pajaye
pajij'e
hida lokika
hida logika
ichhami
ichhami
6
palalokikaya
palalokikayam
paphunatha
# # # notha
pulise
pulase
ava
ava
manati
#
#
(a) Prinsep reads v'ih&ldka omitting the second syllable yo, which is distinct in both texts. Burnouf reads the word correctly
as viyop&laka. The letter y is indistinct in the Dbauli text, but the vowel o is quite clear.
(J) The syllable tu is here omitted in the original text.
(c) The four sylables within brackets are taken from Prinsep. The space now blank is sufficient for about eight letters; but the
whole mayiiot have been engraved; and ts* e letters given by Prinsep were copied by Kittoe, although they have since been lost
90
TEXTS.
D
J
etam
* tain
D
J
pi niti
pi bahuka
sepi
sepi
desam
desam
yam
athiya eti
.
.
.
.
.
eka
eka
•
palikilesam
paliki * *
va
D
J
bandhanata ka: anne
bandha
cba yuve daya
cha
cha
D
J
ichhitaviye
hi:
hi:
D
J
Imehi
Imehi
tuphe
tuphe
chu
•_,
" nithuliyena,
nithuliyena,
tulanaya,
tuliye,
—:
me
.
J
kinti
kinti
D
J
cha savasa
savasa cha
D
J
ekilante siya
iyam nijat
D
J
etaviye
etaviye
va hevam mevam edam * * tupha katena
piniti yam eka
deveni
annane nijha
D
J
hevam
hevam
cha hevam cha
;
r—
D
J
sampatipada
ma. pbalehati
D
J
swagasa (a) aladhino
swaga
aladb&no
D
J
makate manam; atileke sampati pajamino
samo
*
*va*
•
*
*
iyam
13
7
mule
mula
nate uga cha
samchalitu
15
maha
—•
f jatanihu
jatam veva
anasulope
anasulope
atulana
cha * tu * *
samchalita
viyentu
uthaya * * tavyata
asampatipati
asampatipati
l&ja
laja
ladhi
dbi
9
cha
cba
va
.
.
v
va
va
vataviye
masaviye
se
*
.
tena
tena
tata
tata
isaya,
isa *
mati
ma *
asulopena,
asulopena,
se
hevam
mamati:
mohveyuti:
Devanampiyasa anusathi
Devanampi * * * s a *
apaye
.
patipadaye
patipataye
kalammathena,
kalamathanam,
D
J
.
dukbiyati:
vedayanti:
majham
majha
alasiyena,
* *yena,
vihita
vit&
va
»akasma
* 5 * smaga
sampati pajati:
sampatipajati:
anavutiva,
anavutiye,
ete
eteni
.
hota
* ta
* * bahu janodaviye
vata bahuke •
no
no
su"
su
bandhanm
bandhanam
.
kinti
kinti
8
tuphe etam
cha me pi
athaya
••
tata
* *
* * taye
jatehi
jatehi
6
.
papunati
papunati
•
dekhatehi
dekhathahi
P.ulise
munise
.
D
J
D
J
no savam
no savam
iohhitaviye
ichhitaviye
eta
•
cba
cba
sa
niti chham
ni *
*
hitaviya
titaviya
M
—
pi
...
aganam ne dekhata
.•
maha. * * sa
# * *
tasa
8 jam
patipadayami nebi etannanthi
••-•- mahapaye boti vi patipatayam tanno
1S
duahalehi
du &hale
etam
ananeyam esatha
ima sakam
etasa
meva
masa
swagam
swagam
cha
(a) Here Burnouf with his usual sagacity suggested the true reading of swagasa, " du cieL" See Le Lotus, p. 681.
TEXTS.
D " aladhayisathiti
J
ala (dha) yasatba
tarn apaniniyam ehatha.
sotaviyam18
sotaviyam
Nakhatena
Iyam
Iyam
D
J
Tisa
Tisaui
D
J
sotaviya: hevain cha kalantam
*
*
*
•
D
J
athaye
athaye
D
viyopalaka sasatam samayam yujavii nagala:
D
"
ki sane vano siyati. Etaye cha athaye hakam
———
____________»
D
J
vasesu22
vasesu
D
hosati: etam atham
D
J
picha
-'••
D
j
no cha
———
D
J
nikhamisanti anusayanam,
anusayanam nikhamisanti;
D
janisanti
iyam
iyam
kumale
kumale
cha tise * * na
va
na
likhita hida
vata lipi
*
••
sikhanam ni (a) ekanapi
satatilaeka * pi
etayevam
vi * tasa
dhamma te (c)
__
a
tha
.
inahamata
panchasu
n pajicj^asu^
a chanda
a chanda
nikhamayisati
. . ..
cha
«> nagala
nagala
akasma pali
sa khi nalambhe
phela hata * nelo
Ujenite (d)
hedisammeva vagam,
• „-..
Takhasilate pi (e) ada, am. •
•
va chanika
atane
atina
"
panchasu
panchasu
kalati atha mama anusathiti.
athaye
te
tada ahapayita
—
etaye
etdye
ena
ena
e akha khase
mahamatam
•
a nu
jauasa (b) aksma pah bodha va 21
atikamayisati tinivasani he meva
______
x
]ipi
lipi
tuphe I9 cha ghatha
sampatipadayitave
•
••
• • • • • '
iotave
nikhimayisami
nikhamayisami
janita
cha
cha
antalapi
alapi
lipi
anusayanam
91
kammam
kammam
* J 5 te • maharaata
a
ma
etam pi
• .
tarn pititha, kalanti atha lajine anusathiti.
(a) This letter is doubtful; it may be si.
(b) Burnouf reads yavaju-kasa, instead of nagala janasa, after which he allows a space for five letters.
(c) Here both Prinsep and Burnouf read mate, but the text does not repeat ma after dhamma.
(d) Ujeniya is the reading of both Prinsep and Burnouf, but the letter te is quite clear both in the photograph and in Mr.
Beglar's impressed copy.. Prinsep identifies Ujenio with Ujeniya, a youngei brother of Mahindo (Bengal Asiat. Soc. Jour.,
VII, 454); but Burnouf has rightly pointed out that Ujeniya was only a title of Prince Mahindo, who was born at Ujain
(see Le Lotus, p. 688).
(e) Here Burnouf reads etasi, supposing that the left limb of the letter s had been omitted by Kittoe j but the letter is
most distinctly pi and not si.
92
TEXTS.
No. 7.
Second Separate Edict at Dhauli and Jaugada.
D
J
Devanampiyasa
Devanampiye
D
J
D
kichhi
kichhi
3
duvalate
duvalate
D .
J
Etasi
Etasa
cha
cha
sumunisanam;
(omitted)
D
J
savena
savene
D
J
—
'
siya
ichhe eava manisa su saya
D —— mamaye
J heya 6 mamiyaye
D
J
dukha
D
J
kiye
kiye
D
J
.——.
D
J
athasi hakam
athaye hakam
D
J
chhandam
chhandam
ti
5
hidaloka
hidalogamL
cha
cba
me
me
cha
cha
3
•
cha
pajaye
pajaye
yujevuti
palalokike na
cha —
cha me
ldchham
kinchham
cha
cha
anena (d)
anena
patinyo
patina
•
—•
aphe suti eta kava
vagana
vigina
teno
teno
aha: kati
7
aladhayevvi
aladhayeyam
cha
cha
—
mevam me
mama
mama
dhammam
dhamma
etakena
etakena
hakam niti
kinti me
ichhati ame
lahevu
laseya
Devanampiya
Laja
cha
cha
ichhami
ichhami
vasu Laja
desu Laja
sukhameva
sukhameva
nimitam
. nimetam
veditam (ahayami) (e)
su a mama chiti
duvala.
duvala.
lievam
hevam
papunevute: iti Dev&nampiye
papuneyu: —— Laja
palalokam
palalogam
anusasami tuphe
tuphe vi anusasami
atha (c)
atha
pallaokikaye
hidalogika
avijitanam
vijitaaam
Aswasevu
Aswasepu
mama
mama
mokhyamata
mokhiyamate
bahusu pana sahasesu ayata jana me gachha cha
(omitted)
* nava iti khami tme:
la saha ne yukhamisa tie :
: khamitave
: khamitave
mahamata cha vataviya:
am
L6ja va cha nika vataviya, am
ha
paja mama
me paja
antesu
antesu
huve vuti,
.
hevam
hevam
3
hidalokika
yu(je) yuti
antanam
anta kutha
ma
6
esa
esa
sumunise
manisa
sukhena
sukhena
ichhami
ichha
ichhami
tuphe {b) hi anusathi tuphe hi
tuphe * anusathi (c)
save
sava
hita
hita
meva
me
tarn
tarn
alabheham;
alabheham;
athasi am
athasa am
D
J
4
TOSALIYAM Tcum&le
SAMAPAXAM
mahamata
dakhami (a) hakam
hakam
dakhami
J
D
J
vachanena:
hevam aha:
cha
cha
levii
lenya
•_—
8
cha
Etasi
etaye
hakam
hakam
mama
echa
echha
••
anusasitam
tuphe ni anusasitn
7
7
ajalasa
achalasii
hevam
hevam
'
(a). Burnouf reads dalchamiham followed by a gap as far as dtivalecha: but both the Jaugada and Dhauli texts support
Prinsep's reading. (See Lc Lotus, p. 692).
(b). After tuphe Bnrnouf omits all down to athapajaya; but Prinsep's reading is supported bj the Jaugada text as far
as it extends. This portion has peeled off since Kittoe's time, with the exception of the last two letters mama.
(c). In the Jaugada text the words from atha pajaye down to yujeyuti are repeated, and the words following anusathi
down to savamanise are altogether omitted.
(d). From this word down to ajalasa Burnouf supplied tho gap left by Prinsep, and his reading is generally confirmed
by that of the Jaugada text, as well as by Mr. Beglar*s photographs of the Dhauli inscription itself.
(e). I had already supplied ahayami from Burnoufs reading,, which is now fully confirmed by Mr. Beglar's photographs.
TEXTS.
93
D
J
katukam me chalitaviye aswa * * i cha tani ena—p&punevtl
iti.
Atha pita tatha
Devanampiye
katukam me chalitaviye aswasa kiyi cha ta ena te papune
—. 10—-Atha pita hevam ne Laja
D
J
aphaka:
ti
atha
atha
cha
8
D
J
hevam
anusampati
D
J
hakam
hakam
anusa-ita
anusasita
D
J
vutike
ayutike
hosami
hosami
D
J
cha
J)
J
kalantam
kalantam
D
J
ata,
ata
M
Etaye
Etaya
10
cha
chhandam
chhandam
tase
tasam
cha
cha
atba
atta
Etaye
Etasi
tuphe
——
nam (a) hevam
na
paja
paja
cha
cha
athaye
athasi
athaye
athaye
lipi
lipi
* samam
samam
D
J
iyam
iyam
D
S
kamam cba khano khanasi antalapi tisena
cha sotaviya 16 khanesantam
D
J
chaghatha
sanghatha
lipi
lipi
Asasanaye
Asasanaye
1S
(c) mama
mama
likhita:
likhita:
dhamma
dhamma
anachatun (e)
(ana) chatun
ekena
ekena
aphe
hetam a
Devanampiyasa
se
Lajine
tuphe ni
tuphe
tuphe
palalokikaye
palalokikaya
J)
J
cha
cha
yajisanti
yajesam
maye
maye
anusampati
anusampata
phaka— •
desa
taka pisi chiti patinacha ati lapa 12 desa
patibalahi (b)
aladayisatha
aladhayisatam
iyam
iyam
hevam
hevam
veda
* hidalokika
hitalogika
swagam
swaga
Devanampiye
hida
hida
chalanaye
chalena *
masam Tisena
masamsotatiya
aswasanaye
aswasanaye
hevam
hevam
hitasukhaye
hitasukhaye
cha
cha
cha
cha
ananiyam
ananeyam
ehatba.
esatha.
ena
ena
mahamata
mahamata
swasatam
saswatam (d)
cha tesu
——
•
antanam:
gatam:
nakhatena
Tisena
" sotaviya:
hevam
si * * viya: hevam
sotaviya,
antalapi
kalantam tuphe,
cha kalantam
sampa^i padayitave.
sampati patayitave.
(a) This word was omitted by the original engraver, and afterwards inserted above the line.
(6) In the Jaugada text the word preceding tuphe would appear to have contained only three letters, of which the last is
hi preceded by an anuswara, thasmaking the final syllable mhi. The word seems to me very like balamhi. Both Prinsep
and Burnouf read Dubalahi, which is certainly incorrect.
(c) tata is here inserted by Prinsep j but there is no space for the letters.
(d) Sic in original.
(e) Here Burnouf divided the true reading of anachatun masaro, which agrees also with that of the Jaugada text.
94
TEXTS.
No. 8.
EOCK INSCRIPTION AT SAHASARAM.
Transcript hy D E . G.
1
Devanam
sumi,
na
piyo
clia
hevam
b^dham
2 Savimcbhale
sadhike am
ammisam
deva [hu] sam
a [ba,
satilekani
palakamte
[sumi
ta.
badham
munisa
misam
deva
kata
pa Ia[kamasi hi]
vachakiye
pavatave.
Khudakena
hi
pala—
4
Kamaminena
vipule
suag[e
khudakt; cha udBte
cha pa—•
5 lakamamtu,
amta
pi
cham
athe
-vadhisati,
vipulam
pi
6
diyadhiyam
sapamnalati
avaladhiyena
7 sata
vivutha, ti,
[yata] va;
a—
8
thi hete
silathambha
[su
n
tata
phra]
pi
te.
iyam
ala[dhayita]ve.
janamtu,
vadbisati
diyadhiyam
adhitQi yani
palakam]
3
sa]kiye
BUHLER.
chilathitike
vadhisati
256
likhapaya
Ima
iyam
cha
sariivachhalani
Etena
cha
phale
atham.
savane
pavatesu
upasake*
Jambudipasi
i]yam
athaye
cha palakame
cha
amtalena
[n]o [cha
Se et&ye
am
iyam
hotu.
Iyam
vivnthena;
liUhapaya
mahatata
savane-,
cha
duve
thaya;
thayi.
BY DE. BDHIEE.—Materials used: PI. xiv of General Cunningham's Corp. Insvr. Ind., Vol. I ; and a photograph
supplied by General Cunningham.
Line 1.—The facsimile and photograph show that seven or eight syllables have been lost. The restoration of the
first six is absolutely certain on account of the identical readings of 11. and B.—[adhit~\iyani is less certain. I take
it for a representative of adhitis&ni, caused by the change of s to h, and its subsequent loss, just as i» Panjabi tih, thirty,
and iTcatti, thirty-one.
Line 2.—Bead samvachhale, R. Six or seven letters have been lost—B. and B. have two sentences corresponding
to this lacuna, containing sixteen letters. S. can have had one sentence only. The sense requires the sentence given
above. Read amisam according to B. Bead deva-httsam, as B. has deva-husu, and a verb is required. The vertical stroke
in the facsimile is the left band part of the letter h. This emendation I owe to Pandit Bhagvanlal Indraji. Read te
for ta, according to B.
Line 3.—Read deva. The pala before the lacuna is probable from the photograph. The restoration is certain on
account of the corresponding passage in B., which here, as everywhere, substitutes the root paJcam for palaham. The
second and third lacunas have been filled in according to R,
Line 4.—Restorations according to B. and B.—Read savane.
Line 5.—Read cha janamtu.
Line 6.—Read savane; the facsimile has dute, but according to the photograph duve, which the sense requires, is at
least probable, if not certain.
Line 7.—Restoration suggested by the fact that two syllables hare been lost, and a relative pronoun is desirable
though not absolutely necessary.
TEXTS.
95
No. 9.
ROCK INSCRIPTION AT RUPNATH.
Transcript by D R . G.
1
Devanam piye
paka
hevam
aha:
sa [va] ki no cha
ya
sumi
2 badhi
no cha
cha savane kate:
janamtu;
masa,
sakiye
pipule
khudaka
cha
Iyarix
4 kiti? chirathitike
pakare
siya.
vadhisiti,
athe pavatisu
6 silathubhe
yavatakatu
Satileke
imaya
va [sa],
chu
ya sumi
chhavachhare,
udala
esa
phale,
hi ka.
arodhave.
cha
hi athe
Etiya
athaya
pakamamtu ti,
vadhi
diyadhiyarii
hadha
valata
lakhapeta
abale,
amisa
ata pi cha
cha
apaladhiyena
silathambhasi
paka
svage
Jambudipasi
Fakamasi hi
Khudakena
Iya
lekhapeta
kalaya
kata.
mahatatapa-potave:
3 pi parumaminena
cha
Yi
te daniti
esa
pakate.
adhitisani
samgha-papite
cha pakate.
deva-husu,
satirakekani
badhi
haka
^
BUHLEE.
vayata.
savara-vivase
vadhisiti,
vipula
vadhisati.
cha;
Etina
tavayati.
Iya cha
athi
cha
vayajanena
Vyuthena
savane
Line 1.—Bead sattteMni, the letter ft- looks blurred, and is a mistake for "°i For pdAdread haka.
There is a faint
kate
[su 5 phu] 256
sa—
6 ta-vivasa ta.
NOTES BY D B . BUHIEQ.—Materials used: Two robbings forwarded by General Cunningham.
mark between sa and hi which may be va;—s&oaJci is required as synonym for upasake;—samgha
possible reading, as the letters appear to be half effaced. The reading given above is supported by B.
ushite is a
Line 2.—Under the vd of devd-husa there is a vertical stroke resembling an «. Probably it is intended to indicate
the absorption of the initial a of ahusv, and is the oldest form of the avagrdha Q. Bead esa for esa, A letter may
have stood between JthudaJcend hi and lea. But I rather think the marks in the impression are accidental scratches.
Line 3,—Beadpalcamaminend/
vipule; drddhave;—the
long d in paJc&re is not quite certain.
96
TEXTS.
No. 10.
ROCK INSCRIPTION AT BAIRAT.
Transcript ly D R . G. BUHLER.
1
Devanam
piye
2
vasa nam
ya
3
*
4
Jambudipasi
5
[n]o-
hi esa
6
vipule
pi
7
amte pi
8
diyadhiyam
*
#
aha:
sati [lekani
haka
am
upasake
mamaya
anrisa,-
mahatane
svamge
janamtu
vadhisati
*ie
sa
badham
papayite [bajdham cha *
devahi
*
*
vi
vachakaye
*
*
*[pala]
[sa]kye
ti
*
n[o cha]
samghe
nam
*
aladhetave
chilathiti [ke] * *
[n phu]
*
* *
*
*
[pa la] kamasi
rumaminena
[khuda] ka
[vijpulam
ya
esa [pha] le
* *
cha udala cha
*
pa
palakamatu
ti
vi vadhisati
56
NOTES BY Dr. BUHLEB.—Materials used: Cunningham, Corp. Inscr., Vol. 1, PI. xiv—and a cloth copy made by Pandit
Bhagvanlal Indraji.
Line 1,—Cloth copy : devanam. The remnants of three letters towards the end of the line are also from the latter.
Line 2.— Corp. Inscr.—paJca. Cloth copy shows lower part of M[O]—Corp. Inscr.—Iddhi. Cloth oopy has rem,
nants of these letters towards the end of the line.
Line 3.—Cl.—payaye ate and ladhi. In the cloth copy the top of dhd is wanting.
Line 4.—Cloth copy: amisd-na deve pi and omits vi. I conjecture amisdnam devani [su tedd^ni.
letters laka appear on the cloth copy.— C.I.—mast.
Portions of the
Line 5.— C.I. begins the line ha hi: the cloth copy shows o clearly.—C.I. mapdtane. I think mdhatana should he
read, as the word forms a compound with vachakaye. Read [pala] Jcamamimend. The cloth copy omits ya
.pa,
which are not easily explained.
Line 6.—Cloth copy: vipule Mm svagetaicye—C.I.—vipulepi
svamge Tciye. The above reading is conjectural, but
supported by the analogy of S. and JS. Possibly saJciye may be the right form. Towards the end C.I. reads [khuda"] led
che, which is incorrect.
Line 7.—Cloth copy omits am [te], shows half a ta instead of ti in chilathiti [}ce~\, and omits pu in [vi] pulan».
Line 8.—Cloth copy: diyadhiya vadhasai, and omits the numeral signs. I must confess that I doubt the correctness of the latter, on account of their position.
NOTE BT GENEEAL CUNNINGHAM.—These numeral signs were brought to my notice by my Assistant, Mr. Carlleyle, the dis-.
coverer of the inscription. I have since had fresh impressions made of the whole inscription, from which the dotted
numerals given in the plate were taken. Mr. Carlleyle thought that he could trace three numeral figures. That there
are marks on the rock at the end of the inscription is quite certain, but as I have not examined the rock myself, I am.
unable to affirm positively that they are numerals.—A. C.
TEXTS.
97
No. 11.
SECOND
Bur Piyadase
Wil Piyadasi
A. C. Piyadase
Bur cha
Wil cha
A. C. cha
Laja
Laja
Laja
magadhe
magadhe
Magadhe
phasuvihalatam
pisu vihalatam
phisu vihalatam
cha
cha
cha
2
KOCK.
Saugham
Saugham
Saugham
viditeva,
viditeva,
viditeve,
abhivademanam.
abhivademanam
abhivademanam
bhante, avatake
bhante, avatake
bhante, avatake
Bur dhammasi
Wil dhammasi
A. C Dhammasi
sanghastti
sanghaslti
sanghasiti
galavenchamL
golave cham (?)
golave cha
Bur . 3 bhagavata
Wil Bhagavata
A.C. Bhagavata
budhena
Budhena
Budhena
bhasite
bhasite
bhasite
save
save
save
disiya
diseya
diseya
hevam
bevam
bevam
Bur
A.C.
bhante,
bhante,
bhante,
pamiyaye
pamiyaye
pamiyaye
Bur
Wil
A.C.
alahami
alahami
alahami
hakam
ha(ki)
hakam
wii
Bur vinayasa
Wil vinayasa
A. C. vinayasa
makase
makase
mukase (b)
Bur
Wil
A.C.
xtpatisapasina
(u) patasa pasine
Upatisa pasine
Bur
Wil
A.C.
bhagavata
bhagavata
Bhagavata
Bur
Wil
A.C.
ichhami
ichhami
ichhami
Bur
Wil
A.C.
sunayucha
sunayucha
sunayucha.
Bur
Wil
eha
cha
cha
A.
a
eteni
etaai
eteni
tava
tava
tavi
s
eva
echa
eeha
budbena
budhena
Budhena
7
kitibihuke
kiti bahuke
kinti bahuke
upadhaleyayu
upadhaleyeyu
upadhaleyeyft
bhunte
bhunte
bhunte
pasade
pasade
pasade
tava,
tave
tave
aliyavasani
aliyavasani
aliyavasani
6
ha,
ha
ha
cha
cha
cha
se
se
se
imani,
imani,
imani,
vade
vada
v&de
4
yecha,
yecha
yecha
bbikhani
bhikhani
bhikhuni
imam
ima (m)
imam
chilasatiti ke
chila (va) ti ke
chilathiti ke
meva
meva
meva
likhapayami
likha, (pa) yami
likbapayami
upasaka
upasaka
upasaka
abhimati
abhi heti
abbi peti
bosatiti
hosatiti
bosatiti
dhammapayoyani (a)
(dham) mapaliyayani
dhammapaliyayani
moneyasAte
mauneya sftte
moneya siite
musavadam
musava(cha) m
musavadam (c)
bhikhapa
bhikhapa
bhikhu(rf) pa
hevam
hevam
hevam
echukho,
echu kho,
echu kho,
munigatha,
muni gatha
muni gatha,
bhante
bhante
bhante
budhasi
budhasi
Budhasi .
bhante,
bhante,
bhante,
bhante,
bhante
bhante,
etani
etaai
etani
8
ma
ma
ma,
subhasiteva
subhasite va
subhasite va
bhasite
bhasite
bhasite
va,
cha
cha
apabadhatam
apabadhatam
apabadhatam
ekechi,
ekechii,
ekechi,
sadhamme
sadhamme
sadbamme
anagata bhayani
anagata bhayani
anagata bhayani
laghulo
laghulo
Laghulo
aha
aha
aha
adhogichya
adhigachya
adhigichya
dhammapaliyayani
dhamma paliyayani
dhamma paliyayani
yecha,
jecha
yecha
cha.
cha
cha
abhikhinam
abhikhinam
abhikbinam
upasika
upasika
upasika
me cha umtiti.
maja (nan) titi,
mejanantiti.
(o) The omission of the syllable li is no doubt the printer's fault, as Burnouf gives the word in full in the last word but
one of the 6th line.
(b) I read mulcase, and so did Captain Burt.
(c) Certainly dam, the curve is on the wrong side for cham as proposed by Wilson.
(d) The manner of attaching the vowel« at the foot of the Jch was perhaps unknown to Burnouf and Wilson, It occ urs
Again in bhikhuni.
98
TEXTS.
No. 12.
KHANDAGIBI K-OCK.
See Prinsejp in Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 1080, (a)
1 J. P. Namo
A. C. Namo
Arahantanam
Arahantanam
namo
namo
J. P. mahameghavahanena
A. C. mahameghavahanena
chetakajate *
chetaramjava savam
J. P. chaturantalatha
A. C. chaturamkalatha
2 J. P. pandarasa
A C. pandarasa
vasani
vasani
.
raja
vaja
siri-kadara—
siri-kadara
vapara
vepara
bhivijayo
bhivijapo (b)
3 J. P. kalinga-raja
A. C. kalinga-raja
vansa-puri
vansa-puri
J. P. Abhisita
A. C. Abhisita
mata
mato
J. P. patisankharayati.
A.C patisankharayati.
J. P. bathupayasi
A. C tMpa (?) payati
J. P. gaja
A. C. yejam
J. P. dasanaya
A. C. disenoya
vase,
vase,
nara
nara
avalonam
uvalena.
kidita-kumarakidika,
kidita-kumarakidika,
sava-vijavadatena
sava-vijavadatenam
tato
tato
navavasam,
navavasani,
danava
danava
dhamena
dhamena
maharajabhisechanam
maharajabhise-chanam
vatavihatato
vatavihatato
khidhira
khimbira
yanipati
yanampati
papunati
papunati
pura-pahara
pura-pakara
nivesam
nivesanam
tadaga
tadiya
sitala
isitala
panyo
padiyo
cha
cha
santhapa (nam) cha.
santhapanam cha.
satasahasehi
satasahasehi
achitayita
achitayita
vatanam
vatananta
sikhira
sakava
chavavisati-vase
chatuvinsati-vasesu
sanyuge,
samyuge,
Kalinga-nagari
Kalinga-nagari
radha
radha
khanena
khanena
tatiye.
tatiye.
panatisirasihi (c)
pannitasidhi
4 J. P. karayati;
A. 0. karayati;
J. P. cha
A. C. cha
puna
puna
maharajena
maharajena
pasathasukelapasatliasukela
sariravata,
sariravata
vapa dhamavase
champadhamavase
sava
sava
Airena
Airena
chhadanena
dhanena
vidhi-visara-dena
vidhi-visara dena
pansasivase,
pansasivasa,
J. P. sesayavena
A. 0. sesayovana
Sidhanam
Sidhanam
kalingadhipatirasi
tena kalingadhipaticha
ganena
ganena
J. P. lekharftpa-gana-nava—
A. C. lekharupa-gana-nava—
J. P. hota
A. C. hota
sava—
sava—
sotekare
sotakani
pakatiyo
pakatiye
pachhima
pachhima
bahula
darin
bahulalanam te
sakanagara
sakanagara
pathapayati
pathapanati
vasino
navaye
ranjayati
ijayata
datiya
datiye
disam,
disam
haya
iha
kansabanagataj-a
sabanagataya
punavase
punavase
(a) The differences between Kittoe's text, which Prinsep used, and the text of the photograph of the plaster cast are so
numerous, that I have thought it better to give my own reading from the new text, than to note the many variations.
(b) Reading of last syllable doubtful.
(c) The last two letters of this word would appear to have been accidentally repeated by Kittoe. This is a very common
occurrence with hand-made transcripts.
TEXTS
6 J. P.
A. C.
gandhava
gandhava
veda-budho-dampana
veda-budha dampana
J. P.
A. C.
samaja
samaja
J. P.
A.C.
vijadharadhivase
vijadharadhivasam
J. P.
A.C.
(gap)
(about 10 letters)
vata
vata
(a) bhigarehi
bhigarehi
taratana
taratanam
6 J. P.
A.C.
karapanahi
karapanahi
tabhata
tagi (?) ta
vadita
vadita
kidapayati
kadapayanti
nagari
nagari
a (ra) hata
puba
a (no letter) hata puva
J. P.
A. C.
Pachachadanivase
Panchapanchadanivase
J. P.
A. C.
vaja
vata
panadi
panadi
A. C.
cha
sandesam
7 J. P.
A. G.
cha
cha
dhama
dhama
NANDA
NANDA
tosa
Kalinga
Kalinga
(not rendered)
tisapata (?) ijati (?)
sapatena
sapataye
nagara
nagara
99
savarathika
savarathika
Raja
Raja
pasesa
pavesa
sata-sahasani
sata-sahasani
J. P.
A. C.
pasasato
pasa sato
vajaragharavedham
vajarighavadhasatima
J. P.
A.C.
narapa
(gap)
thame
vase manam
narapa ketana (about 18 letters) ye thame cha vase mananti
raja
raja
panadena
<
J. P.
A. C.
i
ii
navam rana ba (about 24 letters)
9 J. P.
A. C.
kapam
kapam
pambatasena
•
nkba
ukha
J. P .
A.C.
anatika-gana
anatika-gava ?
J. P .
A. C.
paradadati,
sara dadati
haya
haya
visajati
visejati (a)
satam
cha
nikhita
bhojakepa
bhojakepa
devam
devam
ughatitam
ughatitam
chhata (?)
dapayati
dasayati.
tannisaraliya
tanamsuliyam
••••
sabhisori cba * * hasa
upapidapayati:
upapidapaynti:
vahayati:
——
mora
mora
satamanchatisam
satamachavesam
savata
savata
kaha
koha
dapanna
dapana
ta
ge — giri
mena* ya * * * tapabhate dare sari idha.
dhatinam
dhatinam
pammuchita
pamachitu
cha
cha
kammupadana
kamraapadana
madhuram
madhuram
apanata
apayato
dadati •
dadati ya (c) (5 letters) pira chako (6 letters) palavamake.
gaja (lulapa?)
gaja (2 letters)
nirasasahanancha
yasuvagahanancha
porajanapadam
orajanepadam
gharini
gharini
'
gabham
gambhu (3)
J. P.
A. C.
vasati
vane.
anekani
anekani
ghatapayita
ghatapayita
te
vivuthevase
vivutbevase
Rajani
Rajan
* viso (about 10 letters)
vakara
usava
usava
Tatha
Tatha
puva
puva
tivasata
tivasasata
anugaha
anugaha
8 J. P.
A. C.
sandasanahi
sandasanabi
sahaya
sahaya
kar&yitun,
karajntum,
sesa
sesa
ba
ba
cha
cha
ghara
ghara
imananam
imanonam
vsaya,
vasaya
jatapa
japuha
arapato (about 40 letters).
(a) The initial letter may perhaps be a p , but as I can see no upturn to the right, it looks to me like an initial o.
(5) The reading of this word is doubtful.
(c) This letter y is placed above the line, and was evidently inserted afterwards.
100
TEXTS.
10 J. P.
A.C.
* # #
venati
J. P.
A.C.
atha hita
J. P.
A.C.
karathavasa
J.P.
A.C.
thayi lana (3 letters) .
11 J. P.
A. C.
raja
raja
manati
manati
dasarasahasehi
puve
puve
raja
raja
nakasayatta
nakasamyata
j # p#
A. C.
# * * amaradehasa
bhidasitamaradehasa
J. P.
A. C.
'
(4 letters) pahahi vitisiyata
rajani
J.P.
A. C.
sudiha
sata
J.P.
A.C.
pariha
J. P.
A. C.
dato
*
14 J. P.
A. C"
*
*
cha
ta vamaga
manga
13 J. P. * * *
A. C. (11 letters)
J.P.
A. C.
pata
pata
(4 letters)
ta
tu
•
mani
tavana *
jalo
jiva
sati
(10 letters)
MAGADHA
* si novasikariti
* * novasikariti
ru * ni upa lebhata
dambha
dambha
terasa
terasu
barasa
barasa
baha
jinasa
ratanani
ratanani
daga
daga
cha
che
nagare
nagalo (?)
vase
vase
~
madava (21 letters)
vipula (ya) bhayam
raj an am
* ya (4 letters)
yo
satake
sataka
he
cha
gangaya
paya
siri
pithirajane.
utara patharajano.
vasadana than harenam
*
*
karayati
karayati
datibhisara
soti
pithu
pithu
bhavana
bhavana
dhanam cha
yati * * ma
yatana
nivesatam
nivesatam "
janapade,
janapuda
(11 letters) ma
J.P.
A.C.
pasadam
chatuse *
ja * saniji (3 letters)
J. P.
A. C.
J.P.
A.C.
dasame
mahavijaya
mahavijaya
pa * na maha Java (7 letters) ra cha bi yati (9 letters)
—
(10 letters)
12 J. P.
A. C.
pandarasa
pandarasa
Vasasa
ralakhila
ralakhilaye
asita
na * piva
janeto hathasam
sitapa
ma
deva
ata
dapam
(5 letters)
yati
rota
na
yam ri (5 letters).
BABANASI
BABANASI
masariya
hirananivenayati
hiranani cha iyati
che
hathi *
maha
ri
rajine
aharopayati.
aharapayati
——
idha
• '
sante
terasamava
terasamava
vasesu
vasesu
anekani
nibhayoka
•• •
ribha.
panchata (a)
pavata
(a) In Kittoe's copy this word may be read as pabata, thus agreeing with my reading of pavata.
naveoa
vijaya
vijaya
TEXTS.
J. P.
A. C.
chana
chanam
kumari
kumari
A. C.
sidinaya
yapujake
J. P.
A. C.
ujani
15 J. P.
A. C.
kata
pasange
pavate (a)
sakata
J. P.
A. C.
•
tanape
simapusa
J. P.
A. C.
subbare
subbare
va + bbasa
J. P.
A. C.
* * pipe
16 J. P.
A. C.
(10 letters)
*
*
#
#
patalake
patalake
J. P.
A. C.
'
cbacbo
'
yatha
J. P.
A. C.
raja,
raja
J. P.
A. C.
agisati
agesati
(17 letters
)
(7 letters) ta * * *
dhagata
dbaraguta—
raja
raja
chana
cbako
katariyam
katariyam
pasata
pasata
kusalo
kusalo
karakara *
makaraka* *
pavata
pivata—
kharavela
kbaravela
#
vasa
saurase (na) raja, * ma raja,
sambbi? * * *
ja nama raja,
u vi se
(11 letters) ruta pano cbbise (?)
aneke
anake
cbako
chaka
#
* *
disanam
dasinam
#
napadachbati
napadayati
sagbate
sanauto
samipe
samipa
pita
gbipa
dhanani
dbadayana
tbambhe
tbabhe
#
pati (tba)
pati tba
ya kala cbe cbinam
agama
agama
anubbivato
sava
sava
pasanda
pathabbi (d)
patihata
padahata
lakivahani
— chakovahani
rajasanka
rajasavam
sidiya
sidaya
*
gabha
gabbe
#
sitani
kapuri khita (7 letters) ?
yajana
yojana
cheteghariya
cbetegbariya
cha
nasa
—
basani
vinsi lapi bhagbapatha
chatara
chatara
pannantariyasa
J, P.
[ A. C.
*
kaniani
kayani (c)
sata
suta
cba
gbisipa
*
daveni
vihitanancha
vihitenam cha
matba
pi
bi (b)
jivima
pupanain.
payati
payati
J. P.
A. C.
cbenam
ladirana
rava
sainelasa
J . P.
A. C.
17 J. P.
A. C,
punavasata
punavasata
arahate
arabato
hira * ladatini
uvasa}re
(11 letters)
101
raja
raja
savatba
savatba
ranani
ranani
pujan (iya)
pujako
lavinai'avato
sakula vini gato
balevuka
tbalo chako
mab/ivijaye
mahavijayo
sanda.
sirino.
(a) This word is quite clear.
(b) Perhaps parinavasanta.
(c) This word is quite clear.
(d) The letters of this word are indistinct.
may be right.
I have given what they appear to be to my own eye; but Priusep's reading
TEXTS,
102
No. 13.
DEOTEK SLAB.
Left Inscription.
1
Saini
anyapayeti
2 hanam
var.
to
3 ame
var. ama
cha
chli
4 dato
var. dato
badham to
Chikambari
* * sa
pa *
va * ta
saradaui * * natba
sakadam kura, * va
* * * *
nala
30. 4. 3.
le
He. Pa. I.
nam * na
Di. 14.
Right Inscription.
1
var.
Chikkamburi
* sa * *
sa dyi pn
2 sa ja tra ?
var. pa ———
2 Pururava ?
var. da. ma
*
4 yansa (pvi)
rar.
trasya
tasya
5 Sena Eajuya
var.
* * cha
baiya ya
banyya ya
*
Rudra.
dharmnia
* miaa sy
Budlxe?
CAVE INSCRIPTIONS.
BARABAR.
No. 1.
Stiddma Cave.
1 Lajina
2 iyam
Piyadasina
Nigoha kubha
duvadasa
dina
vasabhisitena
adivikemhi (a)
No.
Viswa Cave.
1 Lajina
2 dasa
3 kubha
4 dina
PiyadasinS.
vasabhisitena
Khalatika
adivikemhi (b)
duva
iyam
pavatasi
No. 3.
Kama Cave.
1 Laja
2 —sati
3 adamathatima
4 sumpiye
5 na (c)
Piyadasi
vasabhisitena
iyam
Kbalanti
ekuneviumetha
kubha
payata di
NAGARJUNI CAVES.
No. 4.
Vajpiyalca Cave.
1 Vapiyake kubha
2 anantaliyam
3 Bhadantehi
4 achandama
Dasalathena
abhisitena
vasanisidiyaye
suliyam.
Devanampiyena
adivikemhi
misithe
No. 5.
Gopika Cave.
1
2
3
4
Gopika kubha
—yena
—vikemhi
nisitha
Dasalathena
anantaliyam
Bhadantehi
achandama
Devanampi—
abhisitena adi—
vasanisidiyaye
suliyam.
(a) The last six letters of this inscription are not given in Kittoe's copy (Bengal Asiatic Society's Journal XVI, PI. IX,
No. 5), but they are quite legible, in spite of a determined attempt to obliterate them with a chisel. Burnouf sagaciously
corrected Kittoe's reading of Nigopa to Nigoha, which is the name of the cave, that is, the Nyagrodha, or Banian Tree Cave.—
" Le Lotus," Appendice, 780.
(6) My reading of this inscription agrees in every letter with that of Kittoo's copy and Burnouf's transcript.
(c) In the first line Kittoe read eMnevisili, which Burnouf corrected to cJconavisati. The rest of this inscription is
indistinct, and is so imperfectly given by Kittoe, that Burnouf could make nothing of it. The only part that I have been ahla
to restore with certainty is the name of the Khalati or Khalanti hills, which occurs also in No. 2.—" Le Lotus," Appendice,
780.
TEXTS.
104
No. 6.
Vadathika Cave.
1
2
3
4
Vadatbika kubba
—piyena
—divikembi
nisitlia
Devanain—
abbisitena a,—
vasanisidiyaye
suliyam.
Dasalatbena
anantaliyam
Bhadantehi
acbandama
These three inscriptions, which were first published by Prinsep, have had the advantage of Burnouf's critical correction.
Prinsep's texts and versions will be found in the Bengal Asiatic Society's Journal, Vol. VI, 676; and Burnoufs revised texts
and translations in Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 775-776. Dasaratha was the grandson of Asoia, and succeeded to the throne
in B. C. 218, in which year these inscriptions are dated.
KHANDAGIRI.
No. 1.
Natneless Cave.
Pada-mulikasa
kusumasa
lenain.
No. 2.
S?iake Cave.
Cbulakammasa
kotba jaya
cba.
No. 3.
Kamase
Nyacbo
ra
Snake Cave.
* * * kbi
pasade.
No. 4.
Tiger Cave.
J.p. Ugara
A.C. TJgara
sasuvino
sabbutino
avedasa
akhadasa
lonain
Tenam
No. 5.
Nameless Cave.
J.P. Mapamadati
A.C. Mapamadasa
yanakiyasa
nakiyasa
bakaya
baniyaya
lonaui
lenaua
No. 6.
Paw an Cave.
J.P. Cbulakumasa
A.C. Cbula krammasa
paseta
pasato
kothaja (ya).
kotbaja.
No. 7.
Manikpnra Cave.
J. P. Verasa
A. C. Airasa
J.P. * kadepa
A. 0. * depa
uiabarajasa
lmiharajasa
Kalingadhi patano
Kalhigadbipatino
sinno
siriuo
lonatn
lenain
ma (hainegba) raba (na)
105
TEXTS.
No. 8.
Jdanikpura Cave.
J. P. kumaro
A. C. kumaro
Vattakasa
Yaddakasa
Ion am
lenam
No. 9.
VaiJcnnta Cave.
J. P. Arahanta
A. C. Arahanta
Kalinga *
Kalinganam
pasadanam
pasadanam
J. P. rajinolasa *• *
A. C. Kajino Lalakasa *
J. P. Kalinga
A. C. Kalinga
ya * nanam
Samananam
2 hethisahasam
2 hathi sahanam
# * * # # *
cha * # # #
Ion a
lenam
panotasaya
panatasa
velasa
velasa
*
kadatam
karitam
cha tino
3 agamahi
3 agamalii
pitakada
pidakada
No. 13.
RAMGARH CAVES IN SIRGUJA.
I.~8it& Bdnjird .Cave,
line 1 Adipayanti
eha tayam
„ 2 dule
kudastatam
liadayam
sada
vasantiya
evam
va garaka
hii
alangi.
savand
blifite
//.—Jogi Mara Cave.
,.
1
Sutannka nama
„ 2 Devadasinyi
„ 3 Sutanuka nama
,. 4 tarn
•i
5
Deva
Deva
dasin}'!
kamayi tha
balanaseye
dina nama
lupadakhe
N. JB,—The texts of these cave inscriptions have been taken from Mr. Beglar*a paper impressions. For No9. 4 and 9, I
have had the advantage of consulting the photographs of Mr. H. H. Locke's plnstcr-of-Paria casts; No. 1 is a new inscription.
PILLAR INSCRIPTIONS.
EDICT
{Delhi, North.)
D. S.
B. M.
A,
L. A,
L. N.
D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.
Devanampiye
Piyadasi
Laja
hevam
aha:
Saddavlsativasa2
Devanampiye
Devanampiye
Devanampiye
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Laja.
Laja
Laja
hevam
hevam
lie vain
aha:
aha :
aha:
Saddavlsati vasabhisitename
Saddavlsati vasabhisitename
Saddavisati vasabhisitename
iyam
dhammalipi
lyam
iyam
iyam 2
dbaminalipi
dhammalipi
dliammalipi
hidatapalate
likhapita
2
hidatapalate
hidatapalate
hidatapalate
likhapita
likhapita
likhapita
abhisitenatne
dusampatipadaye
dusampatipadaye
dusampatipadaye
dusampatipaday e
Annata
2
Annata
Annata
Annata
D. S.
3). M.
A.
£ . A.
L. N.
agiiya
dhammakainataya
* agaya
palikhaya,
agaya
agaya
agaya
dhammakamataya
dhammakamataya
dhammakamataya
agaya
agaya
agaya
palikaya,
palikhaye,
palikhaya,
D. S.
bhayena,
* agena
usahena,
esa
cliukhomama
anusathiya
A.
L. A.
L. N.
bhayena,
bhayena,
bhay na,
agena
agena
agena
usahena,
usahena,
usahena,
esa
esa
esa
chukhomaina
cliukhomama
chukhomama
• anusathiya
anusathiya
* anusathiya
D. S.
dhatuma kamata
cha
suve
suve
vadhita,
vadhisati
che va
A.
L. A.
L. N.
dhammakamata
* dhammakamata
dhammakamata
cha
cha
cha
suve
suve
suve
suve
snve
suve
vadhita
vadhita
vadhita
vadhisati
vadhisati
vadhisati
che va.
che va
che va
D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
pulisapi
cha
])ulisapi
pulisapi
pulisapi
a
a
a
me
me
3
8
agaya
sususaya,
agena
agaya
agaya
agaya
sAsusaya,
sususaya,
sususaya,
agena
agena
agena
6
dhamma pekha,
* dhammapekha,
dhammapekha,
dhammapekha.
ukasa
cha
gevaya
cha
majhima cha
ukasa,
ukasa
ukasa
cha
cha
cha
gevaya
gevaya
gevaya
cha
cha
cha
majhima cha
majhima cha
majhima cha
anuvidhiyaiiti
sampatipadayanti
cha
anuvidhlyanti
anuvidhi3ranti
anuvidhiyanti
sampatipadayanti
sampatipadayailti
sampatipadayanti
cha
cba
cha
alanchapalan
4
alanchapalau
alafichapalaii
alanchapalau
samadapayitave
samadapayitave
samadapayitave
samadapayitave
(a) The word cha is omitted in these three texts.
hemeva
hemeva
6
hemeva
TEXTS.
9
D. S.
D. M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
aiita
anta
auta
anta
anta
D. S.
D. M..
A:
L.A.
L.N.
dhammena
dhammena
dhammena
6
dhammena
dhammena
D. S.
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.
{Delhi, North.)
Devanampiye
11
Devanampiye
5
Devanampiye
7
Devanampiye
8
Devanampiye
D. S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L. N.
dhammeti
dhammeti
dhammeti
dhammeti
dhammeti
D. S.
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.
pime
pime
pime
pime
pime
D. S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
vividhe me
anugahe
vividhe me
vividha me
vividhe me
anugahe
anugahe
anugahe
D. s;
bahuni
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.
bahuni
bahuni
bahuni
mahamatapi
mahamatapi
mahamatapi
mahamatapi
mahamatapi
vidhane,
vidhane,
vidhane,
vidhane,
vidhane,
107
esahi
vidhi
ya,
iyam.
dhammena
esahi
esahi
esahi
vidhi
vidhi
vidhi
ya
ya.
ya
iyam
iyam
iyam
dhammena
dhammena
dhammena
20
20
dhammena
dhammena
dhammena
dhammena
dhammena
sukhiyana,
su
sukhiyana,
sukhiyana,
sukhiyana,
EDICT
D. S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
12
apasinave
apasinave
apasinave
apasinave
apasinave
bahuvidhe
bahuvidhe
6
bahuvidhe
bahuvidhe
bahuvidhe
13
kayanani
Laja
Laja
Laja
Laja
Laja
difine,
difine,
dinne,
dine,
dine,
kate;
kate;
kate;
ka$e;
kate;
katani;
katani;
katani;
katani;
11
katani;
likhapita.
kayanani
kayanani
kayanani
Hevam
13
apana
apane
apana
9
apana
apana
14
likhapita.
likhapita.
likhapita.
Hevam
Hevam
Hevam
r
gotiti
gotiti
gotiti
cha.
etaye
etaye
etaye
et&j*e
etaye
sache
sache
sache
sache
sache
pakhi
pakhi
pakhi
pakhi
pakhi
dakhinaye
dakhanayo
dakhinaye
dakhinaye
dakhinaye
annanipicha
annanipiche
annanipicha
annanipicha
annanipicha
chilanthiti
chilathiti
chilathiti
chilanthiti
chilanthiti
athaye
athaye
athaye
athaye
athaye
kacha
kacha
kacha
kacha
kacha
(<r) The vowel K is perhaps only aflawin the stone.
chakhudane
chakhudano
chakhudane
chakhudano
chakhudane
sochaye
sochaye
sochaye
8
socheyeti
socheyeti
chatupadesu,
chatupadesu,
chatupadesu,
chatupadesu,
chatupadesu,
me
me
me
me
me
16
kiyamcha
kiyamcha
kiyamchu (a)
kiyamcha
kiyamcha
Dhammesadhu,
Dhammesadhu,
Dhammesadhu,
Dhammesadhu,
Dhammesadhu,
aha,
aha
aha
dupada
dupada
dupada
dupada
dupada
anupa^ipajantu
anupafipajafitu
anupaipajan^u
10
anupatipajafitu
anupatipajantu
16
aha,
" dayadane
dayadane
dayadane
dayadane
9
dayadane
1&
gotiti
II.
" hevam
he—
hevam
hevam
hevaih
bahukayane
bahukayani
bahukayane
bahukayane
bahukayane
dhammena
—
dhammena
dhammena
7
dhammeua
palana,
*nd,
palana,
palana,
palana,
valichalesu
valichalesu
valichalesu
valichalesu
10
valichalesu
iyam
iyam
iyam
iyam
iyam
hotutiti :
hot
hotuti:
hotuti:
hotuti :
me
me
me
me
mo
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
yecha
yecha
yecha
12
yecha
TEXTS.
108
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
hevam
——
hevam
hevam
hevam
sampati
pajisati
pajisati
pajisati
pajisati
pajisati
sampati
sampati
sampati
se sukatam
se sukatha
se sukatam
se sukatam
se sukatam
EDICT
kachhatiti.
kachhatiti.
kachhatiti
kachhatiti,
kachhati.
III.
{Delhi, North)
D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
" Devanampiye
Devanampiye
8
Devanampiye
u
Devanampiye
13
Devanampiye
Laja
.Laja
Laja
Laja
Laja
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
28
18
kayane
kayane
kayane
kayane
kayane
kateti:
kateti:
kateti:
kateti;
kateti:
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
lyam
iyam
iyam
iyam
iyam
D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
pape
pape
papake
pape '
pape
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.
esa
esa
*
D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
atha
atha
*
atha
atha
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
palibhasayisam:
palihhasayisam:
esa badha
esa badha
palibhasayisanti :
palibhasayisanti:
esa badbam
esa badbam
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
me
me
me
me
me
kateti;
kateti;
kateti;
kateti;
kateti;
esa
esa
iyam
iyam
iyam
12
iyam
iyam
chukho
chukho
* *
hevam
hevam
* *
hevam
hevam
chandiye
chandiye
#
#
mana
mana
13
aha:
aha:
aha:
aha:
aha:
Nomina
Nomina
Nomina
Nomina
Nomina
va
va
va
va
va
esa
esa
*
esa
esa
chukho
chukho
chandiye
chandiye
hevam
hevam
hevam
hevam
hevam
20
kayanam
kayanam
kayanam
kayanam
kayanam
papam
papakam
papam
papam
19
asinave
asinave
asinave
asinave
asinave
dekhati
dekhati
dekhati
dekhanti
14
dekhanti
namati,
namati,
namati,
namati,
namati,
dekhiye.
dekhiye.
#
*
2I
I meni
I mani
* *
dekhiye.
dekhiye.
u
I mani
I mani
nithuliye
nithuliye
kodhemane
kodhe ^ mane
isya:
isya:
nithuliye
nithuliye
kodhe mane
kodhe mane
isya:
isya:
23
me
me
palatikaye.
palatikaye.
me
me
palatikayeti.
palatikayeti.
dekhiye
dekhiye
iyam
iyam
me
me
dekhiye
dekhiye
iyam
iyam
me
me
meva
meva
meva
meva
meva
dekhati
dekhati
dekhati
dekhanti
dekhanti
iyam
iyam
iyam
iyam
iyam
dupativekhe
dupativekhe
* * * (a)
dupati vekhe
dupati vekhe
2
* asinava
asinava
*
*
asinava
asinava
21
me
me
me
me
me
chukho
chukho
*
*
chukho
chukho
gamini nama;
gamini nama;
*
*
gamini namati;
gamini namati;
kalane navahakam
kalane navahakam
kalanenavahakam
kalanenavahakam
22
ma
ma
15
ma
ma,
hidatikaye
hidatikaye
iyam
iyam
hidatikaye
hidatikaye
iyam
iyam
(a) Here the Asokn inscription is cut away by Jahangir's barbarous record of his ancestry.
(6) Omitted in the original text.
109
TEXTS.
EDICT
IV.
(Delhi, North.)
D.S.
D. M.
A.
L.A.
L. N.
D.S.
D. M.
A.
L.A.
L. N.
D.S.
D. M.
A.
L.A.
L. N.
D.S.
D. M.
A
L.A.
L.N.
1
Devanampiye
Piyadasi
laja
hevam
aha:
Saddavisati
vasa2 abbisitename
M
Devanampiye
Devanampiye
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
laja
laja
hevam
hevam
aha:
aha:
Saddavisati
Saddavisati
vasabhisitename
vasabhisitename
17
lyam
dhammalipi
likbapita.
Lajukame
lyam
iyam
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
likhapita.
likbapita.
Lajukame
Lajukame
pana
pana
sabasesu
sata
sata
sabasesn
sahasesu
abbihaleva
* dandeva
atapatiye
me
kate
abbibaleva
abbibaleva
dandeva
dandeva
atapatiye
atapatiye
me
me
kate
kate
tesam
'janasi
janasi
ayata
ayata
tesam
tesam
kinti
lajuka,
aswatha
abhita
kammani
pavataye
vfc:
janasa
lajiika
lajuka
aswatha
aswtaha
abbita
'» abbita
kammani
kammani
pavataye
pavataye
vuti:
vuti:
janasa
jauasa
kinti
kinti
janapadasa
D.S. dukbiyanam
D. M.
A.
L.A. dukhtyanam
L.N. dukhiyanam
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.
bahusu
bahftsu
sata
ayata
16
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.
18
pana
janasi
ye
ye
6
hitasukham
upadahevu
hitasukham
hitasukham
upadahevu
upadahevA
janisanti:
Dhammayatena
cha
janisanti:
janisanti:
Dhammayatena
Dbammayatena
cha
cba
viyo
viyo
janapadasa
D.S.
D. M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
babusu
:Q
anugahineva
cba
sukhiyana—
anugabinevu
anugabinevu
cha
cha
sukhiyana—
sukhiyana—
viyo
vidasanti.
Janam
vadisatiti.
vadisaiiti.
Janam
Janam
janapadam
kintihi
datam
cha
palitam
cha
* aladhayevuti
lajuka
janapadam
janapadam
kintihi
kintihi
datam
datam
cha
cha
" palatam
palatam
cha
cha
aladhayavu
aladhayeviiti
lajuka
lajuka
pilabanti; (a)
pilaghanti
pilagbanti
21
paticbalitaveman
•
pulisanipi me
'
» chhandannani
patichalitavemaii
paticbalitaveman
pulisanipi me
pulisanipi me
chhandannani
, cbhandaunani
kani
viyo
vadisanti
yenamam
lajuka
— ka
kani
kani
viyo
viyo
vadisanti
vadisanti
yenamam
yenamam
"lajftka
lajuka
patichalisanti,
paticbalisanti,
patichalisanti,
patichalisanti,
10
l0
tepi
tepi
cba
cha
tepi
tepi
cba
cha
chaghanti
chaghanti
aladhayitave.
aladha " yitave
chaghanti
chaghaiiti
aladhoyatave.
aladhayitave.
(a) The two Laurya Pillars read pilaghanti, with the rough guttural aspirate gh.
110
TEXTS.
D.S.
D.M.
Atha
hi pajam
viyataye
———
dhatiye
•
nisi jitu
nisa jitu
" aswathf >
aswatha
viyantaye
viyataye
dhatiye
dhatiye
nisi jitu
nisi jitu
aswathe
aswathe
hoti ;
hoti ;
12
viyata
viyata
A
A.
L.A.
L.N.
Atha+
22
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L,N.
D.S.
D.M.
Atha
hi pajam
hi pajam
dhati
chaghanti
me pajam;
sukham.
hali
li
hatane
hantave
dhati
dhati
chaghanti
chaghanti
me pajam;
me pajam;
sukham
sukham
hali
hali
hataveti:
hataveti:
hoti
hoti
viyata
viyata
hevarht
hevam
mama
mama
hevam
hevam
mama
mama
12
19
23
lajuka
lajuka
kata
—-
janapadasa
hitasukhaye
yena
^ ete
—•
.-i
ye
yena
ete
abhita
abhita
L.A.
L.N.
lajuka
lajuka
kate
kate
janapadasa
janapadasa
hitasukhaye
hitasukhaye
yena
yena
ete
ete
abhita
abhita
D.S.
D.M.
santam
san
avimana
kammani
—
—
. pavataye
vataye
vuti.
vuti
L.A. santam
L.N. • santam
avimana
avimana
kammani
kammani
pavataye
pavataye
vuti.
vuti.
13
'
•
••
13
14
aswatha
aswatha
A
A.
A.
D.S.
D.M.
14
A.
L.A.
L.N.
D.S.
D.M.
abhihaleva
.
abhihaleva
abhihaleva
abhihaleva
15
dandeva .
—
dandeva
20
dandeva
dandeva
viyohala
hala
17
viyohala
A.
viyohala
L.A.
L.N. viyohala
samata
samata
samata,
samata
samata
D.S.
D.M.
avuti.
avuti.
avuti.
avuti.
avuti.
pichame
me
pichame
pichame
pichame
A.
L.A.
L.N.
D.S.
D.M.
pata
A.
pata
pata
pata
L.A.
L.N.
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L. A.
L.N.
26
vadhanam
vadhanam
vadhanam
vadhanam
vadhanam
nijhapayisanti;
jhapayisanti;
nijhapayisanti;
nijhapayisanti;
nijhapayisanti:
atapatiye
atapatiye
atapatiye
atapatiye
antapatiye
cha
cha
cha
cha
cha
16
siya
siy&
siya
siya
eiya
Bandhana
Bandhana
Bandhana
Bandhana
Bandhane
tinni
tinni
tinni
tinni
tinni
jivitaye
jivitaye
jivitaye
jivitaye
jivitaye
kate.
ka^e.
kate.
kate.
kate.
17
danda
danda
danda
danda
danda
badhanam
badhanam
badhanam
badhanam
bandhanam
samata
samata
samata
samata
samata
1S
2J
esa
—
esa
esa
esa
cha;
——
cha
cha;
cha;
munisanam
munisanam
munisanam
munisanam
munisanam
I8
nasantam
^ nasantam
nasantam
nasantam
nasantam
me
me
—
me
me
Ichhitaviyehi
Ichhitaviye
Ichhitaviyehi
Ichhitaviye
Ichhitaviye
me17yote
me19yote .
(i) yote
me yote
me yote
divasani
divasani
divasani
divasani
divasani
tanarh
tanam
tanam
tanam
tanam
16
Etena
Etena
.
Etena.
2
* Etena
'
dinne
dinne
dinne
dinne
dinne
va
va
va
va
va
M
I8
ava
—
ava
ava
25
ava
aswatha
aswathe
lajukanam
lajukanam
16
(o)narii
lajukanam
lajukanam
15
kinti;
hinti;
kinti;
kinti;
ite
—
•
ite
ite
ite
tilita
dandanam;
tilita
tilita
tilita
dandanam;
dandanam;
dandanam -T
nati
* *
nati
nati
nati
nijhapayita
ni
nijhapayita
nijhayayitave
nijhayayitave
kavakani
kanakant
kavakani
kavakani
danam
danam
danam
danam
(a) Here the Allahabad text becomes legible, the lower halves of the letters of the 16th line being visible under the
flowered border of Jahangir's inscription.
"
(&) Omitted in the original text.
TEXTS.
D.S.
D.M.
dahanti
A.
dahanti
dahanti
dahanti
11111
L.A.
L.N.
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
palatikam
palatikam
palatikam
palatikam
palatikam
ti
niludhasipi
niludhasipi
niludhasipi
niludhasipi
27
niludhasipi
D.S.
D.M.
vividhe
vividhe
vividhe
vividhe
vividhe
A.
L.A.
L N.
upavasam
upavasam
upavasam
upavasum
upavasum
va
va
va
va
va
palatam
palatam
palatam
palatam
palatam
aladhaye
aladhaye
aladhaye
aladhaye
aladhaye
s 11
kalasi
kalasi
kalasi
kalasi
kalasi
ffl
Ill
dhammachalane,
dhammachalane,
dhammachalane,
dhammachalane
dhammachalane
23
sayame
sayame
sayame
sayame
sayame
19
kachhanti
ka
kachhanti
kachhanti
kachhanti
danasa
dana—
danasa
danasa
danasa
Ichhahime
* * * #
19
Icchahime
Ichhahi me
Ichhahi me
vuti
janasa cha
vu
vuti
vuti
janasa cha
*1 janasa cha
janasa cha
hevam
hevam
hevam
hevam
hevam
J0
vadhati
vadhati
vadhati
vadhati
vadhati
vibhageti
vibhageti
vibhageti
vibhageti.
EDICT V.
(Delhi, South.)
D.S. 1 Devanampiye
D.M.
40
A.
Devanampiye
L.A. 3 Devanampiye
L.N. * Devanampiye
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
2
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
3
Laja
hevam
aha:
Saddavisativasa
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Laja
Laja
Laja
hevam
hevam
hevam
aha:
Saddavisativasa—
Saddavisativasa—
Saddavisativasa,—
imani
abhisitename
—bhisitename
imani
—bhisitename (a)
imani 1
—bhisitename
(J)imanipi
5
jatani
avadhiyani
jatani
jatani
«jatani
avadhiyani
avadhyani
avadhyani
suke,
salika,
alune,
chakavake,
hanse,
suke,
suke,
suke,
salika,
salika,
salika,
alune,
alune,
alune,
chakavake,
chekavake,
chakavake,
hanse,
hanse,
hanse,
D.S. <jatuka
D.M. * *
jatuka,
A.
L.A. jatuka,
L.N. jatuka,
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
Piyadasi
3
aha:
aha:
katani
seyatha,
katani
katani
katani
seyatha,
seyatha,
seyatha,
3
31
3
nandimukhe
gelate,
nandimukho
nandimukhe
nandimukhe,
gelate,
gelate,
gelate.
ambakapilika,
dadi,
anathi kamachhe,
vedaveyako,
ambakipilika,
ambakapilika,
ambakapilika,
dubhi, (c)
dadi,
dudi, |(c)
anathi kamachhe,
anathi kamachhe,
anathi kamachhe,
vedaveyake,
vedaveyake,
vedaveyake,
gangapupujake,
8ankujamachhe,
kaphata
sayake,
gangapuputake,
gangapuputake,
4
gangapuputake,
sankujamachhe,
sankujamachhe,
sankujamachhe,
kaphata
kaphata
kaphata
**ke,
seyake,
eeyake,
pannasascsimale,
A
pannasasesimale,
'. pannasasesimale,
pannasasesimale,
(a) Sic in both of the Lauriya texts.
(5) The addition of pi at the end of the word imani is peculiar to this text.
(c) The differences of reading in this name are curious, Perhaps Ih was intended in all which by the omission of a single
small stroke would have become a cerebral &.
112
TEXTS.
6
D S.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
sandake,
okapinde, (a)
sandake,
sandake,
sandake,
• *
okapinde
okapinde,
D. S. * save
D.M.
A.
save
L. A.
save
L. N.
save
D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
8
D. S.
9
A.
L.A.
L.N.
I9
D.S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
D. S.
D. M.
D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
22
gamaka-pote,
takapote,
setaka-pote,
setaka-pote,
gamakapote,
gamaka-pote,
gamaka-pote,
ye patibhogam
no eti,
no
chakhadiyati
ye patibhogam
ye pati * *
ye patibhogam
no eti,
no eti,
na
na
* #
chakhadiyati,
chakhadiyati,
sukalicha
9
* * #
sukali-cha,
sukalicha.
gabhiniva
gabhin + va
» #' *
gabhiniva
gambhiniva
asanmasike
asanmasike
* * #
asanmasike
7
asanmasike
vadhikukute {b)
vadhikukute
* * # #
vadhikukute
vadhikukute
10
dave
dave
no
no
*
no
no
dave
dave
vihisayeva
vihisayeva
no jhapayitaviye
no jhapayitaviye
8
cbatan
chatun
masi3U
masisu
jivenajive
jivenajive
no
no
pusitaviye
pusitavive
tisu
tisu
chatun
chatun
masisu
masisu
chavudasam,
chavudasam,
24
chavudasam,
chavudasam,
chavudasam,
anuposatha
anuposatham
machhe
machhe
avadhiye
avadhiye
anuposatham
anuposatham
machhe
machhe
avadhye
avadhye
nagavanasi,
nagavanasi,
kevatabhogasi
kevatabhogasi
nagavanasi,
nagavanasi,
kevatabhogasi,
kevatabhogasi,
pannadasam,
pannadasam,
panchadasam,
pannadasam,
pannadasam,
10
5
sajive
sajive
23
sajive
sajive
sajive
no jhapetaviye
no l2 jhapetaviye
tisu
tisu
divasani,
divasani,
# # *
divasani,
divasani,
tase
tase
# #
tase
tase
vihisayeva
vihisayeva
pasitaviye
pusitaviye
tinni
tinni
# #
tinni
tinni
• avadhya potake
avadhya potake
kataviye:
kataviye:
# # #
kataviye:
kataviye:
anathayeva
anathayeva
______
'anathayeva
anathayeva
ajakanani,
ajakanani
6
avadhaya patake
avadhaya patake
# # # # *
payammava:
payamenava:
payami *
payaminava;
payaminava;
no
no
12
14
5
* #
palasate,
palasate,
setaka-pote
- jivenajive
jivenajive
12
L. A.
L. N.
edak&cha,
edakacha,
* * *
edaka-cha,
edakacha,
5
no jhapetaviye;
no jhapetaviye
no jhape * *
no jhapayitaviye
no jhapayitaviye
n
D. S.
D.M.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
chatupade
chatupade
chatupade
pichakani
pichakani
* * #
chakani
chakani
D. ar.
D- S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
chatupade,
palasate,
n
punnamasiyam
punnamasiyam
Tisayam
Tisayam
8
Tisayam
Tisiyam
14
9
punnamasiyam
punnamasiyam
patipadaye
patipadaye
dhuvaya cha.
dhavayecha
patipadam,
patipadam,
dhuvayecha
dhuvayecha
nopiviketviye
etani
no pi 25 viketaviye etani
yeva
yeva
divasani
divasani
no pi 9 riketaviye
no piviketaviye
yeva
yeva
divasani
divasani
etani
etani
yam
yani
annani
annani
P»
yani
yani
annani
annani
pi
pi
(a) I have changed Prinsep's uka to oka, as the vowel is the initial o in all the texts.
(b) Priusep reads kaJca, bat all the texts agree as above in giving Jcute.
jivanikayani
jivanikayani
11
jivanikayani
jivanikayani
TEXTS.
113
D. S.
D. M.
M
nohantaviyani.
nohantaviyani.
Athami
" Athami
pakhaye,
pakhaye,
chavudasaye,
chavudasaye,
pannadasaye,
pannadasaye,
Tisaye.
Tisayo.
L. A.
L. N.
w
nohantaviyani.
nohantaviyani.
Athami
Athami
pakhaye,
pakhaye,
chavudasaye,
chavudasaye,
pannadasaye,
pannadasaye,
Tisaye,
Tisaye,
1S
punavasune,
punavasune,
D. S.
D. M'
A.
L. A.
L. N.
18
tisun — chatun—
tisun
chatun—
•
tisu—
chatun—
n
tisu—
chatun—
punavasune,
punavasune,
D. S.
D. M.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
l7
D. S.
D. M.
^
L. A.
L. N.
18
ajake,
ajake,
ajake,
ajake,
ajake,
tisaye, tisaye,
.
12
tisaye,
tisaye,
edake,
edake,
eda—
edake,
edake,
masisu,
masisu,
masisu,
masisu,
sukale,
sukale,
evapi
evapi
sukale,
sukale,
evapi
evapi
punavasune,
punavasune,
2l
sudivasaye,
sudivasaye,
26
sudivasaye,
" sudivasaye,
sudivasaye,
anne
° anne
2
anne
anne
gone
gone
gone
gone
gone
nonilakhitaviye,
no nilakhitaviye,
no nilakhitaviye
no nilakhitaviye
no nilakhitaviye
nilakhiyati
nilakhiyati
no
no
nilakhitaviye
nilakhitamviye
nilakhiyati
nilakhiyati
no
no
nilakhitaviye
nilakitaviye
13
chatumnasiye,
chatunmasiye,
chatunmasipakhaye,
chatunmasipakhaye,
chatunmasiye,
chatunmasiye,
chatunmasipakhaye,
chatunmasipakhaye,
aswasa,
aswasa,
gonasa
gonasa
aswasa,
aswasa,
gonasa
gonasa
t
punavasune,
punavasune,
D. S. 19 lakhune
D. M. lakhnne
A.
" lakhune
L. A.
lakhane
L. JN". J4 lakhane
22
nokhataviye:
nokhataviye nokataviye,
nokataiye,:
nokataviye:
D. S. 2o antalikaye
D. M. ^ antalikaye
yava
yava
yava
13
yava
yava
pannavisati
pannavisati
saddavisativasa abhisitename
saddavisativasa athisitename
saddavisativasabhi
saddavisativasabhisitename
saddavisativasabhisitename
antalikaye
antalikaye
pannavisati
pannavisati
15
etayo
etaye
——
etayo
etaye
bandhana
bandhana
mokhani
mokhani
katani.
katani. (a)
bandhana
bandhana
mokhani
mokhani
katani.
katani.
A
L. A.
L. N.
19
EDICT
VI.
(Delhi East.)
D.S.
A.
L.A.
L. N.
1
Devanampiye
Devanampiye
14
Devanampiye
16
Devanampiye
28
D.S.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
2
D. S.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
3
Laja
La*
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Piyadasi
Laja
Laja
hevam
# #
hevam
hevam
vasa abhisitenamo
dhammalipi
likhapitA
vasabhisitenume
vasabhisitename
dhammalipi
dhammalipi
likbapita
likhapita
hitasukhaye;
•
1S
hitasukhaye;
hitasukhaye;
setam
——
setam
setam
apahata,
' "
apahata,
apahata,
tamtam
— —
tamtam
tamtam
aha.
# *
alia
aha.
Duvadasa
# # *
Duvadasa
Duvadasa
lokasa
17
lokasa
lokasa
dhammavadhi
dhammavadhi
dhammavadhi
dhammavadhi
papova
papova
papov&
piipova
(a) The inscription on the DclhikMirat Pillar ends here, the rest being lost by the nbrasion of the stone.
TEXTS.
D. S.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
4
bevam
hevam
hevam
hevam
lokasa
lokasa
lokasa
lokasa
D. S.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
hevam
* *
hevam
hevam
patiyasannesu,
patiyasannesu,
) patyasannesu,
patyasannesu,
I). S.
A.
L.A.
L. N".
avahamiti
* * *
avahamiti
avahamiti
D. S.
A.
L.A.
L. N.
pativekhami;
pativekbami
pativekhami;
pativekhami;
D. S.
A.
L.A.
L.N.
echu
echu
ecbu
echu
D. S.
A.
L. A.
L. N.
saddavisativasa abhisitename
sa * * * * * *
saddavisativasabhisitename
saddavisativasabhisitename
pativekhami.
pativekhami.
pativekbami.
pativekhami.
bitasukbeti
bitasukbeti
bitasukbeti
18
bitasukbeti
29
hevam
hevam
hevam
hevam
tatba
* *
tatha
tatha
cha
*
cba
cha
sava
sava
sava
20
sava
pasanda
vidahami;
idahami
vidahami
vidahami
pasanda,
pasanda
kimankani
kimankani
kimankani
19
kimankani
10
iyam
* *
iyam
iyam
natisu
* *
natisu
natisu
sukbam
su *
sukham
sukham
savanikayesu
sava * kayesu
savanikayesu
savanikayesu
vividhaya
vividhaya
vividhaya
vividhaya
9
seme
seme
18
seme
20
seme
dhammalipi
*
lipi
dbammalipi
dhammalipi
EDICT
8
pujita
pujita
pujita
pujita
pacbupagamane
pacbupagamane
pacbapagamane
pacbupagam ane
a tana
atana
atana
atana
7
hemeva
hevam meva
17
hemeva
hemeva
pime
pime
pime
pime
5
iyam
* *
iyam
iyam
6
apakathesu
apakathesu
apakathesu
apakathesu
30
iyam
iyam
iyam
iyam
Atha
Atba
16
Atba
Atba
pujaya
* jaya
pujaya
pujaya
mokhyamate
mukhyamute
mukbyamute
mokhyamute
likhapita.
likhapitati.
likhapita.
likhapita.
VII.
(Delhi, East.)
11 Devanampiye
12 antalam
Piyadasi
. lajane
husa
13 dhammavadhiya
14 vadhitba
vadheya
etam.
15 hutha
laja
hevam
antalam
dbammavadhiya
Piyadasi
hevam
vadheyati
se
18 kina
anulupaya
dhammavadhiya
19 abhyum
20 aba:
namayeham
esame
21 anasisami:
hutha
etam
kina
dhammavadhiyati
dbammasavanani
jane
sutu
sujane
etam.
jane
hevam aha:
lajane
nochajane
katbam
jane
anupatipajeya
Devanampiya
anupatipajisati
esame
anulupaya
vadheyati;
savapayami
atikantam
dhammavadhiya
laja,
ichisu
vadhitba:
ye
katham
anulupaya
17 dhammavadbiya
sujane
aba:
ichhisu,
nochujane
Devanampiye
atakantam-cha
16 anulupaya
hevam
kina
sukani
Piyadasi
laja,
dhammanusathini
abbyum
namisati
hevam
TEXTS.
115
EDICT VIII.
(Delhi, around the pillar.)
1 Dhamma
vadhiya.
clia
badham
vadhisati
etaye
me athaye
dhamma
eavan&ni
savapitani
dbammanusathini
vividhani
anapitani (yathatiyi)
papibahune
janasm ayata
ete
paliyo
vadisantipi
pavithalisantipi
lajukapi
babukesu
pana
sata sabasesu
ayata
tepime
anapita
hevam
cha hevam
cha paliyo
vadatba
2 janam
dbammayatam.
Devanampiye
Piyadasi (a)
anuvekhamane
dhamma
thambhani
kataui,
(kha
)kate
Devanampiye
Piyadasi
laja
hevam
lopa
pitani
chhayopagani
basanti
pasumunisanam
pi
me . udupanani
3 khanapapitani ninsi diyacha
kalapita
patibhogaye
pasumunisanam (sa * * )
puli me
hipi (b)
lajihi
mamayacha
pajantuti
etadatha me
hevam
aha eta
meva
me
dhammnmahamata,
kata,
dbamma
aha: magesu pi
me nigohnni
ambavadikya
lopapita
adhakosikyadi
apanaui
me bahukani
tata
tata
kalapitani
esa patibhogenama
vividhayahi
sukhayanaya,
sukhayite
loke:
imamchu
dhammanupatipati
aha:
dhammamaliamata,
pime
ta
4 esa kate:
Devanampiye
Piyadasi (b)
hevam
se
pavajitanam
cheva
gihilhanam
bahu
bidhesu
athesu
anugahikesu
viyapa|a
sangbathasi
pime
kate
ime
cha
sava
(pasan)desu
picha
viyapata
se
pime
kate.
viyapata
hohantiti
hemeva.
Babhanesu
ajivikesu
(Delhi, around the pillar,)
5 ime viyapata
hohantiti,
niganthesu
pime
kate,
ime
viyapata
hohanti
pasandesu
pime
kate
ime viyapata
hohantiti:
pativisitham
pativisitbam
te te
mahamata
dbammamahamata chu
me etusa
cheva
viyapata,
savesu cha
pasandesu.
Devanampiya
Piyadasi
laja
hevam aba:
6 ete cha anne
cha bahuka
mukha,
danavisagasi
viyapata
devinam
cba, savasi
cba me olodhanasi (c)
te
bahu
tani
tani
tatha,
yatan(a)ni
pati(ta * * *) hida
cheva
disasu
cha
me kate
annanam
cha devikumalanam
imedanavisagesu
tesutesu
annesu
se
mama
cheva
vidhena
a*
lena
cha dalakanam
pi
viyapata
hohantiti
7 dbammapadana
thaye
dhammanupatipatiye:
esahi
dhammapadane
dhammapatipati
cha
ya,
iyam
dayadane
sache so chave
madave
sadavecha
lokasa
hevam
vadhisatiti
Devanamp(iye piyada)si
laja
hevam
aha, yanibikanicbi
mamiya
sadhavani
kataiii
tarn
loke
anupatipanne
tam cha anuvidhiyanti
tena
vadhita cha
8 vadhisanti cha matapitisu
sususaya
gulusu
sususaya
vayo
mahalakanam anupatipatiya,
Bdbhana
Samanesa,
kapanavalakesu,
avadasa
bhatakesu
sampatipatiya.
Devanampiye
(Piya)dasi
laja
hevam
aha: munisanam
chu ya iyam
dhammavadhi
vadhita.
duvehi
yeva
akalehi
dhammaniyamena
cha nijhatiya cha
9 tata chu
lahuse
dhamma
niyame
nijhatiyiva
bhuye
dhanamaniyame
esa
yeme
iyam
kate:
imaflicha
imani
jatani
avadbiyani
annani
bahuk(
)
dhammaniyamani
yani
me
katani:
nijhatiya
va
chu
munisanam
dhammavadhi
vadhita
avihinsaye
bhutanam
10 analambhaye
pananam
se etaye
atbaye
iyam
kate
jmta
masuliyike
hotuti
tatha,
cha anupatipajantuti
hevam
hi
hidata(pala)te
aladhe hoti
sataviBativaSabhisitoname
iyam
dhammalibi
Devanampiye
aha:
iyam
11 dhammalibi
cbilatithike
ata
siya,
athi
silathambhaniva
silaphalakauiva, (</)
tata
chuklio
pichu
bhuye
papotike
chanda
anupati
pajantam
likhapapitati etam
kataviya
ena esa
(a). The word Laja is omitted in both of these places after Piyadasi; but it is present in all the after part of the
inscription wherever the king's name is mentioned.
(J). Omitted by Prinsep.
(c). Prinsep read9 uludhanasi, but the word begins with the initial o.
(d). Prinsep's last reading of this word was dharika (see Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, VI, 1059), but
the true reading is phalaJeani, or " tablets," as given in the text.
116
TEXTS.
ALLAHABAD PILLAE.
SEPAEATE EDICTS.
No. 1.
Queen's Edict.
1
Devanampiyasa
2 vataviya:
savata
mahamata,
eheta
dutiyaye
Deviye
va
alameva
danam
3 Ambavadika,
4 Kicbhiganiya
5 dutiyaye
vachanena
titaye
Deviye
Deviyeti
ti
dane
ebeva(P)etasi(P)
senani
valamatu
pi
anne(?)
vatha(P)
kaluvakiye.
No. 2.
Kosambi
Edict.
1 Devanampiye
Kosambiyamahamata
2 —^
* * sanghasi nila hiyo
3 I-
bhiti * bbanti
nita
4 ba-
dbapayita
a * tasa * am yasayi.
cbi
SANCHI PILLAR.
1
J.P.
A. C. *va-
2 J.P.
A. C. * seni
*
*
maga
maga
1 2 3 4 6 6
• bbi * * nam
*
#
cbati petaviya
3 J.P.
A. C. * vika
4 J. P. bbakhati
A. C. bhakhati
Cbandagiriye
keye .
bhikhunabhi khamavase
Bhikhu cha Bhikhuni yi khu
sangbam
data
data
5 J.P.
A. C.
nidusapi
6 J. P. Sasijala
A. C. sasi visa
7 J. P. —si: sampesimate
A. C. —ti sangbasamage
savam
petaviye
petaviye
*
payita
ana
*
ichbahime
icbhani me
chilatbitike
cbilatbitike
fidi)
ean—
siyati
siyati.
TRANSLATIONS.
KOCK INSCRIPTIONS.
EDICT I.
Wilson.
Prinsep.
" This is the edict of the beloved of the gods.
" The following edict of religion is promulgated
Raja Priyadasi:
by the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi:—
"e The putting to death of animals is to be
" ' In this place the putting to death of anything
whatever that hath life, either for the benefit of entirely discontinued, and no convivial meetthe puja, or in convivial meetings, shall not be ing is to be held; for the beloved of the gods,
done. Much cruelty of this nature occurs in such the Raja Priyadasi, remarks many faults in
assemblies. The heaven-beloved king Piyadasi is such assemblies. There is but one assembly,
(as it were) a father (to his people). Uniformity indeed, which is approved of by the Raja Priyaof worship is wise and proper for the congregation dasi, the beloved of the gods, which is that of
the great kitchen of Raja Priyadasi, the beloved
of the heaven-beloved Piyadasi Raja.
" (Formerly, in the great refectory and temple of the gods. Every day hundreds of thousands
of the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi, daily were of animals have been there slaughtered for
many hundred thousand animals sacrificed for the virtuous purposes, but now, although this pious
sake of meat food. So even a t this day while edict is proclaimed that animals may be killed
this religious edict is under promulgation, from for good purposes, and such is the practice, yet
the sacrifice of animals for the sake of food, some as the practice is not determined, these presents
two are killed, or one is killed; but now the are proclaimed that hereafter they shall not be
joyful chorus resounds again and again—that killed/"
henceforward not a single animal shall be put to
death/ "
EDICT II.
Prinsep.
" Everywhere within the conquered province of
Raja Piyadasi, the beloved of the gods, as well as
in the parts occupied by the faithful, such as
Chola, Pida,* Satiyapulra, and Ketalaputra, even
as far as Tambapanni (Ceylon); and, moreover,
within the dominions of ANTIOCHUS, the Greek
Wilson.
" In all the subjugated (territories) of the
king Priyadasi, the beloved of the gods, and also
in the bordering countries, as (C/wda), Palaya*
(or Paraya), Satyaputra, Keralaputra, Tambapani (it is proclaimed), and ANTIOCHUS by name
the Yona (or Yavana) raja, and those princes
* The true readings of these important names of the countries bordering on the dominions of Asoka are as follows :
Choda, Pandiya, Satiyaputra, Ketalaputra, and Tambapani. The first two are well known as Chola and Pdndya, being
the extreme southern provinces of India, while Tambapani is the Island of Ceylon, the Taprobane of the Greeks.
Ketalaputra is the district of Kerala, on the western coast between the Krishna River and Mysore. No representative
of Satiyaputra has yet been proposed except by Lassen, who considered it as the Buddhist name of the King of Pida
(or Pandya). But it seems to me that this name is capable of the same exact identification as the others. In Ptolemy's
map we have the name of Sadini, a people on the coast to the west of BaitMna, orPaithan on the God&vari. They are
said to be pirates; and as the name of the Andri Pirates is also found in the same place, I believe that we have the same
people designated by two different names—;first, as SADINI, or Sddavahans or S&taJcarnis, and second, as AKDBI or
Andhras. That the Andhras were a powerful nation in the time of Asoka, I have already established by reading their
name in the 13th Edict of the Shahbazgarhi and Klialsi texts. The name of Satalearni is written S&dav&hana in one
of the Nasik Inscriptions (West No. 6), and Ptolemy's form would be obtained by the elision of the h in Sadakani.
Another form of the name is preserved in the Periplus as Saraganos, in which, according to a common Indian practice,
the £«and d afe'ehanged to r in pronunciation.
118
TRANSLATIONS.
Prinsep.
(of which Antioehus' generals are the rulers),
everywhere the heaven-beloved Eaja Piyadasi's
double system of medical aid is established—
both medical aid for men, and medical aid for
animals, together with the medicaments of all
sorts, which are suitable for men, and suitable
for animals. And wherever there is not (such
provision), in all such places they are to be prepared, and to be planted: both root-drugs and
herbs, wheresoever there is not (a provision of
them), in all such places shall they be deposited
and planted.
" And in the public highways wells are to be
dug, and trees to be planted, for the accommodation of men and animals."
Wilson.
who are nearer to (or allied with) that monarch,
universally (are apprised) that (two designs have
been cherished by Priyadasi, one design) regarding men, and one relating to animals; and
whatever herbs are useful to men or useful to
animals wherever there are none, such have
been everywhere caused to be conveyed and
planted, (and roots and fruits wherever there
are none, such have been everywhere conveyed
and planted; and on the roads) wells have been
caused to be dug, (and trees have been planted)
for the respective enjoyment of animals and
men."
EDICT III.
Wilson.
Prinsep.
" King PHyadasi says : ' This was ordered by
"Thus spake the heaven-beloved king Fiyadasi: e By me, after the twelfth year of my anoint- me when I had been twelve years inaugurated.
ment, this commandment is made. Everywhere In the conquered country, and among my own
in the conquered (provinces) among the faithful, subjects as well as strangers, that every five
whether (my own) subjects or foreigners, after years expiation should be undergone with this
every five years, let there be (a public) humi- object, for the enforcement of such moral obliliation for this express object, yea, for the con- gations as were declared by me to be good:
firmation of virtue and for the suppression of dis- such as duty to parents, (and protection of)
graceful acts.
friends and children, (relations,) Brahmans and
"' Good and proper is dutiful service to mother Sramans:—good is liberality, good is non-inand father; towards friends and kinsfolks, to- jury of living creatures, and abstinence from
wards Brahmans and Sramans, excellent is prodigality and slander are good. Continuance
charity:—prodigality and malicious slander are in this course (the discharge of these duties)
not good.
shall be commended both by explanation and
" ' All this the leader of the congregation shall by example/ "
inculcate to the assembly, with (appropriate) explanation and example/ "
EDICT
Prinsep.
" ' In times past, even for many hundred years»
has been practised the sacrifice of living beings,
the slaughter of animals, disregard of relations,
and disrespect towards Brahmans and Sramans.
<" This day, by the messenger of the religion of
the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi, (has been made)
a proclamation by beat of drum, a grand announcement of religious grace, and a display of
equipages, and a parade of elephants, and things
to gratify the senses, and every other kind of
heavenly object for the admiration of mankind,
such as had never been for many hundred years,
such as were to-day exhibited.
IV.
Wilson.
"' During a past period of many centuries,
there have prevailed—destruction of life, injury
of living beings, disrespect towards kindred, and
irreverence towards Sramans and Brahmans.
But now, in conformity to moral duty, the pious
proclamation of king Priyadasi, the beloved
of the gods, is made by beat of drum, in a
manner never before performed for hundreds of
years, with chariot and elephant processions,
and fireworks and other divine displays of the
people exhibiting the ceremonies (and this; for
the promulgation of the law of king Priyadasi, &c, that non-destruction of life, non-
TRANSLATIONS,
119
Prinsep.
Wilson.
" By the religious ordinance of the heaven- injury to living beings, respect to relations,
beloved king Piyadasi, the non-sacrifice of ani- reverence of Brahmans and Sramans, and
mals, the non-destruction of living beings, proper many other duties, do increase, and shall inregard to kindred, respect to Brahmans and crease ; and this moral law of the king PriyaSramans, dutiful service to spiritual pastors— dasi the sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons
through these and many other similar (good acts) of king Priyadasi shall maintain. Let the
doth religious grace abound; and thus, moreover, moral ordinance of king Priyadasi be stable as
shall the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi cause a mountain for the establishment of duty; for
religion to flourish, and the same shall the sons, in these actions duty will be followed, as the
the grandsons, and the great-grandsons of the law which directs ceremonial rites is not the
heaven-beloved king Piyadasi cause to abound observance of moral duties. It were well for
exceedingly.
every ill-conducted person to be attentive to the
" { As long as the mountains shall endure, so object of this injunction. This is the edict
long in virtue and in strict observances shall the (writing) of king Priyadasi. Let not any
religion stand fast. And through good acts of thought be entertained by the subject-people of
this nature, that is to say, through these ordi- opposing the edict/ This has been caused to
nances and the strict practice of religion, laxness be written by the king Priyadasi, in the twelfth
of discipline is obviated. Moroever, in this object, year of his inauguration."
it is proper to be intelligent, and no wise neglected. For the same purpose is this (edict)
ordered to be written. Let all take heed to profit of this good object, and not to give utterance
to objections/
" By the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi, after
the twelfth year of his announcement, is this
caused to be written/'
l
Burnouf has also given a full translation of this edict, which I annex.1^
" f Dans le temps passe", pendant de nombreuses centaines d'anne*es, onvit prosperer uniquement
le meurtre des etres vivants et la mdchancete h> Fegard des creatures, le manque de respect pour
les parents, le manque de respect pour les Bamhanas et les Samanas (les Brahmanes et les c.ra_
manas). Aussi, en ce jour, parce que Piyadasi, le Hoi cheri des Devas, pratique la loi, le son de
tambour (a retenti); oui, la voix de la loi (s'est fait entendre) apres que des promenades des chars
de parade, des promenades d'ele'phants, des feux d'artifice, ainsi que d'autres representations
divines ont e^e montr^es aux regards du peuple. Ce que depuis bien des centaines d'annees on
n'avait pas vu auparavant, on Pa vu prosperer aujourd'hui, par suite de Fordre que donne Piyadasi,
le Roi cheri des Devas, de pratiquer la loi. La cessation du meurtre des etres vivants et des actes
de m^chancete a Fegard des creatures, le respect pour les parents, Fobeissance aux pere et mere,
Fobeissance aux anciens (TAera), voila les vertus, ainsi que d'autres pratiques de la loi de diverses
especes, qui ici sont accrues. Et Piyadasi, le Roi cheVi des Devas, fera croitre encore cette observation de la loi; et les fils, et les petits-fils, et les arriere-petits-fils de Piyadasi, le Roi cheri des
Devas, feront croitre cette observation de la loi jusqu'au Kalpa de la destruction. Fermes dans la loi
dans la morale, ils ordonneront Fobservation de la loi; car c'est la meilleure des actions que d'en
joindre Fobservation de la loi. Cette observation meme de la loi n'existe pas pour celui qui n'a pas
de morale. II est bon que cet objet prospere et ne de'perisse pas : c'est pour cela qu'on a fait e'crire
cet edit. Si cet objet s'accroit, on n'en devra jamais voir le deperissement/ Piyadasi, le Roi cheri
des Devas, a fait ecrire cet edit, la douzieme annee depuis son sacre/'f
• Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi—Appendice, p. 731.
t Burnoufs remarks in justification of his own translation and reading of the text are much too long to be quoted here.
See Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, p. 731. He very naturally takes exception to Wilson's explanation of Bahmanas
and Samanas as •' Brahmans and (Brahmanical) ascetics," and shows that these two terms are intended to designate two classes
of persons, the Brahmans and the Buddhists, in the same way that they are discriminated in the legends of the Divya
Avadana.
120
TRANSLATIONS.
EDICT V.
Prinsep.
Wilson.
" Thus spake the heaven-beloved king Piya" The beloved of the gods, king Priyadasi,
dasi :—
thus proclaims: c Whoever perverts good to
{
" Prosperity (cometh) through adversity, and evil will derive evil from good; therefore much
truly each man (to obtain) prosperity causeth good has been done by me, and my sons and
himself present difficulty; therefore by megrandsons, and others my posterity (will) con(nevertheless) has much prosperity been brought form to it for every age. So they who shall
about, and therefore shall my sons and grand- enjoy happiness, and those who cause the path
sons, and my latest posterity, as long as the to be abandoned shall suffer misfortune. The
very hills endure, pursue the same conduct; and chief ministers of morality have for an unpreceso shall each meet his reward! "While he, on dentedly long time been tolerant of iniquity;
the other hand, who shall neglect such conduct therefore in the tenth year of the inauguration
shall meet his punishment in the midst of the have ministers of morality been made, who are
wicked (in the nethermost regions of hell).
appointed for the purpose of presiding over
" ' For a very long period of time there have morals among persons of all the religions for
been no ministers of religion appointed, who the sake of the augmentation of virtue, and
intermingling among all unbelievers (may over- for the happiness of the virtuous among the
whelm them) with the inundation of religion, people of Kamboja, Gandhara, Naristika, and
and with the abundance of the sacred doctrines. Petenika. They shall also be spread among
Through Kam (bocha, Gan) dhara, Nar&stika,"* the warriors, the Brahmans, the mendicants,
Petenika, and elsewhere, finding their way unto the destitute, and others, without any obstructhe uttermost limits of the barbarian countries, tion, for the happiness of the well-disposed, in
for the benefit and pleasure of (all classes)...... order to loosen the bonds of those who are
and for restraining the passions of the faithful, bound, and liberate those who are confined,
and for the regeneration of those bound in the through the means of holy wisdom disseminated
fetters (of sin) (?)
are they appointed. Inter- by pious teachers ; and they will proceed to the
mingling equally among the dreaded, and among outer cities and fastnesses of my brother and
the respected both in P&taliputra and in foreign sister, and wherever are any other of my
places, teaching better things, shall they every- kindred; and the ministers of morals, those who
where penetrate; so that they even who (oppose are appointed as superintendents of morals, shall
the faith shall at length become) ministers of it/ "• wherever the moral law is established, give
encouragement to the charitable and those addicted to virtue. With this intent this edict
is written, and let my people obey it.' "
EDICT
Prinsep.
" Thus spake Piyadasi, the heaven-beloved
king :—
" ' Never was there in any former period a
system of instruction applicable to every season,
and to every action, such as that which is now
established by me.
" c For every season, for behaviour during meals,
during repose, in domestic relations, in the nursery, in conversation, in general deportment, and
on the bed of death—everywhere instructors
(or Pativedakas) have been appointed. Accordingly do ye (instructors) deliver instruction in
what concerneth my people.
VIWilson. •
" The beloved of the gods, king Priyadasi
thus declares: ' An unprecedentedly long time
has past since it has been the custom at all
times, and in all affairs, to submit representations. Now, it is established by me that,
whether at meals, in my palace, in the interior
apartments, in discourse, in exchange of civility,
in gardens, the officers appointed to make reports
shall convey to me the objects of the people.
I will always attend to the objects of the
people; and whatever I declare verbally, whether
punishment or reward, is further intrusted to
the supervisors of morals (or eminent persons):
* The na belongs to the preceding name Gandharanam, and the word thus becomes Eastika, which is a well-known name
of Sarashtra.
TRANSLATIONS.
Prinsep.
" ' And everywhere in what concerneth my
people do I myself perform whatsoever with my
mouth I enjoin (unto them); whether it be by
me (esteemed) disagreeable, or whether agreeable.
Moreover, for their better welfare, among them
an awarder of punishment is duly installed. On
this account, assembling together those who are
dwelling in the reputation of much wisdom, do
ye, meanwhile, instruct them as to the substance
of what is hereby ordained by me for all circumstances, and for all seasons. This is not done by
me in any desire for the collection of worldly
gain, but in the real intention that the benefit
of my people shall be effected; whereof, moreover,
this is the root, the good foundation, and the
steady repose in all circumstances: there is not
a more effectual mode of benefiting all mankind
than this on which I bestow my whole labour.
" * But upon how many living beings (I will
pass over the mention of other things) do I confer
happiness here :—hereafter, likewise, let them
hope ardently for heaven !—Amen !
" ' For this reason has the present religious edict
been written. May it endure for evermore, and
so may my sons, and my grandsons, and my
great-grandsons uphold the same for the profit
of all the world, and labour therein with the
most reverential exertion ! ' "
EDICT
121
Wilson.
for that purpose let those who reside in the
immediate vicinage even become informers at
all times, and in all places, so it is ordained by
me. The distribution of wealth which is to be
made is designed by me for the benefit of all
the world; for the distribution of wealth is the
root of virtues to the good of the world, for
which I am always labouring. On the many
beings over whom I rule I confer happiness
in this world;—in the next they may obtain
Swarga. With this view, this moral edict has
been written. May it long endure, and may
my sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons after
me continue with still greater exertion to labour
for universal good \'"
VII.
Prinsep,
The heaven-beloved king Piyadasi everywhere
ardently desireth that all unbelievers may be
brought to repentance and peace of mind. He
is anxious that every diversity of opinion, and
every diversity of passion, may shine forth blended
into one system, and be conspicuous in undistinguishing charity. Unto no one can be repentance
and peace of mind until he hath attained supreme
knowledge, perfect faith which surmounteth all
obstacles, and perpetual assent/'
Wilson.
" The beloved of the gods, the Raja Priyadasi, desires that all unbelievers may everywhere dwell (unmolested), as they also wish for
moral restraint and purity of disposition. For
men are of various purposes and various desires,
and they do injury to all or only to a part.
Although, however, there should not be moral
restraint or purity of disposition in any one,
yet wherever there is great liberality (or charity),
gratitude will acknowledge merit even in those
•who were before that reputed vile."
The following is Burnoufs translation of this Edict:—*
" Piyadasi, le roi cheri des D6vas, de*sire en tous lieux que les ascetes de toutes les croyances
resident (tranquilles) : ils desirent tous l'empire qu'on exerce sur soi-meme, et la purete* de Tame ;
mais le peuple a des opinions diverses et des attachements divers, (et) les ascetes obtienent, soit
tout, soit une partie seulement (de ce qu'ils demandent). Cependant, pour celui-meme auquel
n'arrive pas une large aumone Pempire sur soi-mSme, la purete de Fame, la reconnaissance et une
devotion solide qui dure toujours, cela est bien."
x<
• Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, p. 755.
TRANSLATIONS.
122
EDICT VIIIPrinsep.
Wilson,
" In past times kings were addicted to tra" In ancient times, festivals for the amusement of sovereigns consisted of gambling, hunt- velling about, to companions, to going abroad,
ing the deer (or antelope), and other exhilarating to hunting and similar amusements, but Piya-_
pleasures of the same nature. But the heaven- dasi, the beloved of the gods, having been
beloved king Piyadasi, having attained the tenth ten years inaugurated, by him easily awakened,
year of his anointment, for the happiness of the that moral festival is adopted, (which consists)
wise, hath a festival of religion (been substituted), in seeing and bestowing gifts on Brahmans
and this same consists in visits to Brahmans and and Sramans; in seeing and giving gold to
Sramans, and in alms-giving, and in visits to elders, and overseeing the country and the
the reverend and aged; and the liberal distribu- people; the institution of moral laws, and the
tion of gold, the contemplation of the universe investigation of morals:—such are the devices
and its inhabitants, obeying the precepts of reli- for the removal of apprehension, and such are
gion, and setting religion before all other things, the different pursuits of the favourite of the
are the expedients (he employs for amusement) ; gods, king Piyadasi"
and these will become an enjoyment without
alloy to the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi i n
another existence."
Bumouf has not given a connected translation of this Edict, but his remarks on its general
scope are of special importance. According to his explanation, Asoka obtained sambodhim, or " la
science complete de la Bodhi/' or, in other words, " la connaissanee de ee qu'enseigne le Buddha/*
after he had reigned ten years. He refers to Lassen as evidently holding the same opinion :
" Quoique Lassen n'a pas traduit litteralement cette partie de votre inscription, il est facile de voir,
par Vusage qu'il en a fait dans ses Antiqtiith Indiennes, qu'il entend comme je propose de le faire.
"Voici les propres paroles de Lassen: ' C'est seulement la dixi&me annde depuis 'son couronnement
qu'il obtint la vue complete/ Evidemment Lassen a lu comme moi samlodhim, ' la vue ou la
science complete/ et compris de meme aySya/'*
EDICT IXPrinsep.
11
Thus spake king Piyadasi, beloved of the gods :
'Each individual seeketh his own happiness
in a diversity of ways, in the bonds of affection,
in marriage, or otherwise, in the rearing of offspring, in foreign travel: in these, and other
similar objects, doth man provide happiness o£
every degree. But there is great ruination—
excesses of all kiuds when (a man) maketh
worldly objects his happiness. On the contrary,
this is what is to be done,—(for most certainly
that species of happiness is a fruitless happiness—)
to obtain the happiness which yieldeth plentiful
fruit, even the happiness of virtue; that is to
say: kindness to dependants, reverence to spiritual teachers, are proper: humanity to animals is
proper:—all these acts, and others of the same
kind, are to be rightly denominated the happiness
of virtue!
" ' By father and by son, and by brother; by
master (and by servant) it is proper that these
Wilson.
"The beloved of the gods,Priyadasi 22afa,thus
says: " Every man that celebrates various
occasions of festivity, as on the removal of incumbrances, on invitations, on marriages, on
the birth of a son, or on setting forth on a
journey:—on these and other occasions a man
makes various rejoicings. The benevolent man
also celebrates many and various kinds of pure
and disinterested festivities;—and such rejoicing
is to be practised. Such festivities are fruitless and vain, but the festivity that bears great
fruit is the festival of duty—such as the respect
of the servant to his master: reverence for
holy teachers is good; tenderness for living
creatures is good; liberality to Brahmans and
Sramans is good. These, and other such acts,
constitute verily the festival of duty; and it is
to be cherished as father by son, a dependant
by his master. This is good, this is the festival to be observed : for the establishment of this
* Burnouf, Le Lotus, Appendice, p. 759, quoting Lassen Ind. Alterthum, II, 227, u. 3.
TRANSLATIONS.
Prinsep.
things should be entitled happiness, and further,
for the more complete attainment of this object,
secret charity is most suitable :—yea, there is no
alms, and no loving-kindness, comparable with
the alms of religion, and the loving-kindness of
religion, which ought verily to be upheld alike
by the friend, by the good-hearted, by kinsman
and neighbour, in the entire fulfilment of pleasing
duties.
" ' This is what is to be done :—this is what is
good. With those things let each man propitiate
heaven. And how much ought (not) to be done
in order to the propitiation of heaven ?' "
123
Wilson.
object virtuous donations are made; for there
is no such donation or benevolence as the gift
of duty, or the benevolence of duty : that (benevolence) is chaff (which is contracted) with a
friend, a companion, a kinsman, or an associate,
and is to be reprehended. In such and in such
manner this is to be done. This is good: with
these means let a man seek Swarga. This is
to be done: by these means it is to be done, as
by them Swarga has been gained. V
EDICT
X.
Prinsep,
Wilson.
" The heaven-beloved king Piyadasi doth not
" The beloved of the gods, the Prince Priyadasi,
deem that glory and reputation (are) the things of does not esteem glory and fame as of great
chief importance; on the contrary, (only for the value; and, besides, for a long time it has been
prevention of sin,) and for enforcing conformity my fame and that of my people, that the obamong a people praiseworthy for following the servance of moral duty, and the service of the
four rules of virtue, and pious, doth the heaven- virtuous, should be practised : for this is to be
beloved king Piyadasi desire glory and reputation done. This is the fame that the beloved of the
in this world ; and whatsoever the heaven-beloved gods desires : and inasmuch as the beloved of
king Piyadasi chiefly displayeth heroism in ob- the gods excels, (he holds) all such reputations
taining, that is all (connected with) the other as no real reputation, but such as may be that
of the unrighteous—pain and chaff; for it may
world.
" F o r in everything connected with his im- be acquired by crafty and unworthy persons;
mortality, there is, as regards mortal things in and by whatever further effort it is acquired,
general, discredit. Let this be discriminated with it is worthless and a source of pain."
encouragement or with abandonment, with honor
or with the most respectful force; and every difficulty connected with futurity shall, with equal
reverence, be vanquished."
Burnouf, after quoting the above translations by Prinsep and Wilson, gives his own translation
as follows :*
" Piyadasi, le roi cheri des Devas, ne pense pas que la gloire ni la renommee produisent de grands
avantages, sauf la gloire (qu'il desire) pour lui-meme, savoir que mes peuples pratiquent longtemps
l'obeissance a la loi et qu'ils observent la regie de la loi. C'est pour cela seulement que Piyadasi,
le roi cheri des Devas, desire gloire et renommee. Car tout ce que Piyadasi, le roi cheri des DeVas,
deploie d'heroisme, c'est en vue de Fautre vie. Bien plus, toute gloire ne donne qeu peu de profit;
ce qui en resulte, au contraire, c'est ^absence de vertu. Toutefois c'est en effet une chose difficile
(que le travailler pour le ciel) pour un homme mediocre comme pour un homme eleve', si ce n'est
quand, par une heroisme supreme, on a tout abandonne; mais cela est certainement difficile pour un
homme eleve."
*Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, p. 059
TRANSLATIONS.
124
EDICT XI.
Prinsep.
" Thus spake Piyadasi, the king, beloved of the
gods :—
" ' There is no such charity as the charity which
springeth from virtue,-?—(which is) the intimate
knowledge of virtue, the inheritance of virtue,
the close union with, virtue. And in these
maxims it is manifested—kindness towards servants and hirelings : towards mother and father
dutiful service is proper: towards a friend's offspring, to kindred in general, to Brahmans and
Sramans almsgiving is proper: avoiding the destruction of animals' life is proper.
" ( And this (saying) should be equally repeated
by father and son, (?) by hireling, and even so by
neighbours in general.
" 'This is excellent :—and this is what ought to
be done!
"'And whoso doeth thus is blessed of: the inhabitants of this world: and in the next world
endless moral merit resulteth from such religious
charity/ »
EDICT
Prinsep.
" The heaven-beloved king Piyadasi propitiateth
all unbelievers, both of the ascetic and of the
domestic classes : by charitable offerings,, and by
every species of puja doth he (strive to) propitiate them. Not that the beloved of the gods
deemeth offerings or prayers to be of the same
(value) with true glory. The promotion of his
own salvation promoted, in many ways, the salvation of all unbelievers; of which, indeed, this is
the root, and the whole substance.
"Again, the propitiation of the converted
heretic, and the reproof of the unconverted heretic,
must not be (effected) by harsh treatment:—but
let those who enter- into discussion (conciliate
them) by restraint of their own passions, and
by their mild address. By such and such conciliatory demeanours shall even the unconverted
heretics be propitiated. And such conduct increaseth the number of converted heretics, while
it disposeth of the unconverted heretic, and
effecteth a revolution of opinion in him. And
(he) encourageth the converted heretic, while he
disposeth completely of the unconverted heretic,
whosoever propitiateth the converted heretic, or
reproveth the unconverted heretic, by the pecuniary support of the converted heretic. And
whoso, again, doth so, he purifieth in the most
Wilson.
" Thus says the beloved of the gods, king
Priyadasi : ' There is no gift like the gift of virtue ; whether it be the praise of virtue, the apportionment of virtue, or relationship of virtue.
This fgift) is, the cherishing of slaves and dependants ; pious devotion to mother and father;
generous gifts to friends and kinsmen, Brahmans and Sramans ; and non-injury of living
beings is good. In this manner, it is to be
lived by father and son, and brother, and friend,
and friend's friend (?), and by a master (of
slaves), and by neighbours. This is good: this
is to be practised; and thus having acted, there
is happiness in worldly existence, and hereafter
great holiness is obtained by this gift of
virtue/ "
XII.
Wilson.
" The beloved of the gods, king Priyadasi,
honors all forms of religious faith, whether
professed by ascetics or householders; he
honors them with gifts and with mainifold
kinds of reverence : but the beloved of the gods
considers no gift or honour so much as the
increase of the substance (of religion) :—his encouragement of the increase of the substance
of all religious belief is manifold. But the root
of his (encouragement) is this:—reverence fo r
one's own faith, and no reviling nor injury of
that of others. Let the reverence be shown in
such and such a manner as is suited to the difference of belief; as when it is done in that
manner, it augments our own faith, and benefits
that of others. "Whoever acts otherwise injures
his own religion, and wrongs that of others; for
he who in some way honors his own religion,
and reviles that of others, saying, having extended to all our 6wn belief, let us make it
famous;—he who does this throws difficulties in
the way of his own religion : this, his conduct,
cannot be right. The duty of a person consists
in respect and service of others. Such is the
wish of the beloved of the gods; for in all
forms of religion there may be many scriptures
(Sutras), and many holy texts, which are to be
TBANSLATIONS.
125
Prinsep.
Wilson.
effectual manner the heretic;—and o£ himself such thereafter followed through my protection,
an act is his very breath, and his well-being.
The beloved of the gods considers no gift or
" Moreover, < hear ye the religion of the faith- reverence to be equal to the increase of the
ful, and attend thereto 1 : even such is the desire, essence of religion : and as this is the object
the act, the hope of the beloved of the gods, that of all religions,—with a view to its dissemination,
all unbelievers may speedily be purified, and superintendents of moral duty, as well as over
brought into contentment speedily.
women, and officers of compassion, as well as
" Furthermore, from place to place this most other officers (are appointed); and the fruit of
gracious sentiment should be repeated: ' The this (regulation) will be the augmentation of
beloved of the gods doth not esteem either our own faith, and the lustre of moral duty."
charitable offering or jpuja, as comparable with
true glory. The increase of blessing to himself
is (of) as much (importance) to all unbelievers/
" F o r this purpose, have been spread abroad
ministers of religion, possessing fortitude of mind,
and practices of every virtue. May the various
congregations co-operate (with them) for the
accomplishment therefor! For the increase of
converts is, indeed, the lustre of religion."
This Edict has been fortunate in attracting the attention of Burnouf, whose translation here
follows :*
" Piyadasi, le roi cheri des Devas, honore tous les croyances, ainsi que les mendiants et les
maitres de maison, soit par des aum&nes, soit par des diverses marques de respect. Mais le roi
cheri des Devas honore tous les croyances, ainsi que les mendiants et les maitres de maison, soit par
des aumones, soit par des diverses marques de respect. Mais le roi cheVi des Devas n'estime pas
autant les aumones et les marques de respect que Taugmentation de ce qui est l'essence de la
renommee. Or, Paugmentation de ce qui est essentiel [en ce genre] pour toutes les croyances, est de
plusieurs especes: cepedant le fonds en est pour chacune d'elles la louange en paroles. II y a plus:
on doit seulement honorer sa propre croyance, mais non blamer celle des autres : il y aura ainsi peu le
tort de produit. II y a m&ne telle et telle circonstance ou la croyance des autres doit aussi etre,
honoree; en agissant ainsi selon chacun de ces circonstances, on augmente sa propre croyance et on
sert celle des autres. Celui qui agit autrement diminue sa propre croyance et fait tort aussi h celle
des autres. I/homme, quelqu'il soit, qui honore sa propre croyance et blame celle des autres, le tout
par devotion pour sa croyance, et bien plus, en disant: ' Mettons notre propre croyance en lumifere/
L'homme, dis-je, qui agit ainsi, ne fait que nuire plus gravement a sa croyance propre. C'est
pourquoi le bon accord seul est bien. II y a plus; que les homines eeoutent et suivent avec soumission chacun la loi les uns des autres; car tel est le de*sir du roi cheri des Devas. II y a plus:
puissent [les homines de] toutes les croyances abonder en savoir et prosperer en vertu ! E t ceux qui
out f oi a telle et telle religion, doivent repdter ceci: Le roi che*ri des Devas n'estime pas autant les
aumones et les marques de respect que Paugmentation de ce qui est Pessence de la renommee et la
multiplication de toutes les croyances. A cet effet onfc ete e*tablis des grands ministres de la loi et
des grands ministres surveillants des femmes, ainsi que des inspecteurs des lieux secrets, et d'autres
corps d'agents. E t le fruit de cette institution, c'est que ^augmentation des religions ait promptement lieu, ainsi que la mise en lumiere de la loi."
EDICT XIII.
Prinsep.
t(
Whose equality, and exertion towards that
object, exceeding activity, judicious conduct
afterwards in the Kalinga provinces not to be
obtained by wealth
the decline of religion,
* Le Lotas dc la Bonne Loi, Appendice, p. 762.
126
TRANSLATIONS.
Prinsep.
murder, and death, and unrestrained license of
mankind, when flourished the (precious maxims)
of Devanampiyo, comprising the essence of learning and of science t—dutiful service to mother
and father; dutiful service to spiritual teachers:
the love of friend and child; (charity) to kinsfolk, to servants (to Brahmans and Sramans, &c,
which) cleanse away the calamities of generations:
further also in these things unceasing perseverance is fame. There is not in either class of the
heretics of men, not so to say, a procedure marked
by such grace,
nor so glorious nor friendly,
nor even so extremely liberal as Devanampiyo's
injunctions for the non-injury, and content of
living creatures
....and the Greek King besides, by whom the Kings of Egypt, Ptolemaios
and Antigonos, (?) and Magas,
both
here and in foreign (countries), everywhere the
religious ordinances of Devanampiyo effect conversion, wherever they go;
conquest is of
every description : but further the conquest which
bringeth joy springing from pleasant emotions,
becometh joy itself; the victory of virtue is
happiness : the victory of happiness is not to be
overcome, that which essentially possesses a pledge
of happiness,
such victory is desired in things
of this world and things of the next world !
" And this place is named the WHITE ELEPHANT,
conferring pleasure on all the world/''*
EDICT
Prinsep.
" This religious edict is caused to be written by
the heaven-beloved king Piyadasi. It is (partly)
(written) with abridgment; it is (partly) with
ordinary extent; and it is (partly) with amplification : not incoherent (or disjointed) but throughout continuous (and united) it is powerful in
overcoming the wise; and it is much written
and caused to be written, yet it is always but the
same thing repeated over and over again.
" For the persuasive eloquence which is lavished
on each separate subject shall man the rather
render obedience thereunto!
" Furthermore, at one time even unto the conclusion is this written, incomparable in manner,
and conformable with the copy, by Relachepu the
scribe and pandit.-"
XIV.
Burnouf.
" Ce texte de la loi a e*te ^crit par Tordre de
Piyadasi, le roi cheri des Devas. H se trouve
sous une forme abregee, il se trouve sous une
forme de moyenne etendue, il se trouve enfin sous
une forme developpee: et cependant le tout
n'est certainement pas mutile. Des grands
hommes aussi ont fait des conquetes, et ont
beaucoup ecrit; et moi je ferai aussi ecrire ceci.
Et s'il y a ici autant de repetitions, c'est k cause
de la douceur de chacune des pensees qui sont
repdtSes. II y a plus ! puisse le peuple y conformer sa conduite! Tout ce qui peut, en
quelques endroits, avoir 6t6 ecrit sans etre
acheve, sans ordre, et sans qu'on ait un e*gard
au texte qui fait autorit^, tout cela vientuniquement de la faute de l'ecrivain."
* This last sentence should follow Edict XIV. Professor Kern translates it differently—1' the White Elephant whos
name is • Bringer of happiness to the whole world,'" and adds " that by this term Sdkya is implied there can be no doubt
since the legend says that the Bodhisattva, the future Buddha, left heaven to bring happiness to men, and entered his mother's
womb as a "White Elephant." See Indian Antiquary, V, 257, 258.
f As no translation of this Edict has been given by Wilson, it is fortunate that we possess another version from the
learned and careful pen of Burnouf in Le Lotus dc la Bonne Loi, p. 752.
; TRANSLATIONS.
No. 6.
DHAULI AND JAUGADA.
No.
1. SEPARATE EDICT.
Prinsep.
Burnonf.
Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 442.
Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 672-683.
" B y command of Devanampiya (the beloved
of the gods) ! In (the city of) Tosali, the public
officers in charge of the town are to be enjoined
(as follows) :—
" Whomsoever I ascertain to be a murderer,
him do I desire to be imprisoned. This I publicly
proclaim, and I will carry into effect however
difficult:—for this my supreme will is irresistible!
On this account the present Tope (stupa) is denominated the tope of commandment.
" From amongst many thousand souls, oh ye
my chosen people! repair ye (hither) to the holy
men. Every righteous man is my (true) subject,
and for my "subjects I desire this only, that
they may be possessed of every benefit and
happiness as to things of this world and of the
world beyond
and furthermore I desire ye
do not purify the wicked until
" In this country and not anywhere else is to
be seen such a stupa (?) in which is provided
proper rules of moral conduct.
" When one man relieves (his fellow-creature)
from the bondage and misery (of sin), it necessarily follows that he himself is released from
bondage; but again despairing at the number of
human beings in the same state (whom he is unable to relieve) he is much troubled.
Thence is this stupa so desirable (as an asylum);
that in the midst of virtuous regulations we may
pursue our obedient course !
And through these classes (of deeds) are people
rendered disobedient, viz., by enviousness, by the
" Au nom du (roi) cheri des Devas, le grand
ministre de Tosali, gouverneur de la ville, doit
s'entendre dire: Quoique ce soit que je decrete,
je desire qu'il en soit Pexdcuteur. Voila ce que
je lui fait connaitre, et je recommence deux
fois, parce que cette repetition est regarded par
moi comme capitale. C'est dans ce dessein que
ce TiipAa (Siilpa) a ete dresse; ce Stupa de
commandement en effet a ete destind aujourd'hui
a de nombreux milliers d'etres vivants, comme
un present et un bouquet de fleurs pour les gens
de bien. Tout homme de bien est pour moi
un fils. E t pour mes fils, ce que je desire, c'est
qu'ils soient en possession de toute espece
d'avantages, et de plaisirs, tant dans ce monde
que dans l'autre. Ainsi je desire le bonheur du
peuple, et puissiez-vous ne pas e'prouver de
malheur, jusqu'a {locum de 10 leltres) un seul
homme pense. En effet, ce SlUpa regard ce
pays tout entier qui nous est soumis; sur ce
Slilpa a dte* promulgude la regie morale. Que
si un homme (4 lettres) est soumis soit a la
captivitd, soit a de mauvais traitements, il
partir de ce moment (il sera de'livre') a Pinstant
par lui de cette captivite et des autres (2 lettres)
Beaucoup de gens du pays souffrent dans Pesclavage; c'est pourquoi ce StUpa a du etre ddsire.
Puissions-nous, me suis-je dit, (leur) faire obtenir
la liqueur enivrante de la morale! Mais la
morale n'est pas respecte'e par ces especes (de
vices): l'envie, la destruction de la vie, les injures,
la violence, ^absence d'occupation, la paresse,
TRANSLATIONS.
Burnouf.
Prinsep.
Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 442.
Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 672-683.
practice of destroying life, by tyranny, by
cruelty, by idleness, by laziness, by waste of time.
That morality is to be desired which is based on
my ordinances (?), and in all these the roots (or
leading principles) are,—the non-destruction of
life, and the non-infliction of cruelty. May the
desire of such moral guidance endure unto the
end of time! and may these (principles) continuing to rise (in estimation) ever flourish, and inasmuch as this benefit and love should be ever had
in remembrance, my desire is that in this very
manner, these (ordinances) shall be pronounced
aloud by the person appointed to the Stupa; and
adverting to nothing else but precisely according
to the commandment of Devanampiya, let him
(further) declare and explain them.
" Much longing after the things of (this life)
is a disobedience I again declare: not less so is
the laborious ambition of dominion by a prince,
(who would be) a propitiator of heaven. Confess
and believe in God, who is the worthy object of
obedience! for equal to this (belief), I declare
unto you, ye shall not find such a means of propitiating heaven. Oh strive ye to obtain this inestimable treasure!
" And this edict is to be read (at the time of)
the lunar mansion Tisa, at the end of the month
of Bhatun: it is to be made heard (even if)
"by a single (listener). And thus (has been
founded) the Kalanta stupa for the spiritual instruction of the congregation. For this reason is
this edict here inscribed, whereby the inhabitants
of the town may be guided in their devotions
.for ages to come—and as of the people insensibly
the divine knowledge and insensibly the (good
works) increase so the god of passion no longer
yieldeth them gratification (?).
"• For this reason also I shall cause to be, every
five years, a general nikhama, (or act of humiliation?) (on which occasions) the slaughter (of no
animal of any kind ?) shall take place. Having
learnt this object, it shall be so carried into effect
according to my commandment.
'e And the young prince of Ujein, for the same
purpose, shall cause a religious observance of the
self-same custom: and he shall not allow any
transgression of this custom for the space of
three years—so that when
functionaries have admitted to initiation the penitent,
then should any not leave off his (evil) practices—
if even there be hundreds (in the same predicament) it shall be certainly done unto him according) to the commandment of the raja.
la faine*antise. La gloire qui doit etre ddsiree,
est que ces (3 lettres) puissent exister pour moi.
Or elles ont toutes pour fondement l'absence de
meurtre, et Fabsence de violence. Que celui
qui, desirant suivre la regie, serait dans la crainte,
sorte de sa profonde detresse et prosp&re; 1'utile
et Tagr&ible sont les seules choses qui doivent
etre obtenues. Aussi est-ce \h ce qui doit &tre
proclame par le gardien du Si-tipa qui ne regardera rien autre chose {on Men, aussi cet edit
a du etre exprime au moyen du Prdkrita et non
dans un autre idiome). E t ainsi le veut ici le
commandement du roi ch^ri des Devas. J'en
confie Fexecution au grand ministre. Avec de
grands desseins, jefais executer ce qui n'a pas ete
mis k execution;. non en effet, cela n'est pas.
L'acquisition du ciel, voila en realite ce qu'il
est difficile d'obtenir, mais non ^acquisition de la
royaute. J'honore extremement les Richesses
aussi accomplis, mais (je dis) : Vous n'obtiendrez pas ainsi le ciel. Efforcez-vous d'acquerir
ce tresor sans prix.
" E t cet e*dit doit etre entendu an Nakhata Tisa
(Nakchatra Tiehya) et a la fin du mois Tisa
(4 lettres) au Nalchata, merne par une seule
personne il doit etre entendu. E t c'est ainsi
que ce SiHpa doit etre honore jusqu'a la fin des
temps pour le bien de FAssemblee.
" C'est pour cela que cet e"dit a 6ti ecrit ici
afin que les gouverneurs de la ville s'appliquent
continuellement (5 lettres) pour le peuple une
instruction instantanee, instantand aussi * * *
comblant les de'sirs pour nous * * voila..
tc
Et pour cela, tous les cinq ans je ferai executer (la confession) par les ministres de la loi celui
qui dissimulant ses pe*ches (2 lettres) celui Ik sera
impuissant dans son effort.
"Ayant connu cet objet * * * car
tel est mon commandement. Et le Prince Eoyal
d'Udjdjayini devra aussi a cause de cela
exe*cuter {4 lettres) une ceremonie parelle: et
il ne devra pas laisser, passer plus de trois ans ;
et de meme ainsi a Takhasila {Takchagila)
meme. Quand (4 lettres) les grands ministres
. executeront la ceremonie de la confession, alors,
sans faire abandonner son metier k aucun des
gens du peuple, ils le feront pratiquer au contraire par chacun. C'est la Tordre du roi."
TRANSLATIONS.
129
No. 7.
DHAULI AND JAUGADA.
No. II. SEPARATE EDICT.
Prinsep.
Burnouf.
Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 446.
Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 693-707.
" By command of Devanampiya! I t shall be
signified to the prince and the great officers in
the city of Tosale"Whomsoever I ascertain to be
and this my supreme will is irresistible !
On this account is the present Stupa
" Au nom du (roi) cheri des Devas, le prince
royal et le grand ministre de Tosali, gouverneur
de la ville, doit s'entendre dire."
p. 693.
and for my loving subjects do I ardently desire
to this effect:—that they may be filled with every
species o£ blessing and happiness both as to the
things of this world and the world beyond!
maybe
of countless things as yet unknown
I ardently desire
they may partake! Thus hath said Devanampiya
may repose
....and take pleasure, while the removal of
affliction is in like manner the chief consequence
of true devotion. (?) Devanampiya hath also
said;—fame (consisteth in) this act, to meditate
with devotion on my motives, and on my deeds
(of virtue) and to pray for blessings in this
world and the world to come. For this purpose
do I appoint another (?) Stupa by the which I
cause to be respected that which is (above) directed and proclaimed and my promise is imperishable ! However bitter (or hard) it shall be
carried into effect by me, and consolation (will
accrue to him who obeys ?) by which is exceeding
virtue—so be it."
" Ainsi je desire qu'ils puissent ne pas eprouver de terreur."
p. 695.
" Like as love itself, so is Devanampiya worthy
of respect! and as the soul itself so is the unrelaxing guidance of Devanampiya worthy of
respect! and according (to the conduct of) the
subject, so is the compassion of Devanampiya:
wherefore I myself, to accomplish his commands,
will become the slave and hireling of Devanampiya. For this reason the DubaUhi Tupha (is
instituted) for undisturbed meditation, and for
" Qu'ils ecoutent, voila, et qu'ils se consolent,
qu'ils obtiennent aussi du bonheur."
p. 695.
Le roi cheri des Devas a dit."
" Qu'ils obtiennent le bonheur en ce monde
et dans l'autre."
p. 696.
"C'est dans ce dessein que je commande,
le Sf/Apa exprime mes ordres."
p. 696.
" Consequemment je proclame et ce qui est
ordonne, et toute autre chose que ccla dont il
a ete donne connaissance."
p. 697.
" E t la promesse de moi, imperissable elle
(est)."
'
p. 698.
" Aussi une ceuvre difficile doit-elle etre
accomplic ? "
p. 698.
" Comme un ami, ainsi est Devanampiya certainement."
(ou)
" Comme un pere, ainsi est Devanampiya."*
p. 698.
" Et comme un enfant, ainsi moi (qui parle)
je dois etre chatie par Devanampiya."
p. 700.
* Burnouf adopted this alternative reading of pita " f a t h e r " from Kittoe's copj, in preference to Prinsep's reading of
pxye. AB the Jaugada text has pita, there can be no hesitation in adopting his correction.
130
TRANSLATIONS.
Vrinsep.
Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VII, 446.
(securing every) blessing and happiness as to the
concerns of this world and the world beyond !
and thus to the end of time (is this) Twpha for
the propitiation of heaven."
Burnouf.
Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, 693-707.
" Je serai Pesclave et la serviteur a gages de
Devanampiya."
p. 700.
"C'est pourquoi le St'Apa {Le Dubalahi)
pour la consolation ainsi que pour Pavantage,
et le bonheur a ete, tant dans ce monde que dans
Pautre."
p. 702.
" E t ainsi jusqu'a la fin des temps le SiHpa
fera obtenir le ciel."
p. 704.
" Accordingly strive ye to accomplish each and
all of my desires. For this object is this edict
here inscribed, whereby (the spot) shall be caused
by me to receive the name of mahdmatd swasatam, or (place of meditation of the officers). Let
it so remain for a prepetual endowment by me
and for the furtherance of religion.
" And this edict shall be read aloud in the course
of the month of BMtun (Bhadun?) (when the
moon is) in the nakhatra (or lunar mansion) of
Tisa:—and, as most desirable, also it shall be
repeatedly read aloud in the last month of the
year, in the lunar mansion Tisa, even if one
person be present; thus to the end of time to
afford instruction to the congregation of the
Tupha."
" Et cet edit a ete inscrit ici dans ce dessein
Dceme que les grands ministres s'appliquent a la
consolation (du peuple), et a la pratique de la loi."
p. 704.
" E t cet edit doit etre entendu tous les
quatres mois, au NaJchata Tisa (Nakchatra
Tichya)."
p- 705.
" Et meme dans Pintervalle, a, tel moment
que cela sera desire, Pedit pourra etre lu par un
seul Tissa."
P- ™ 6 " C'est ainsi qu' on doit pourvoir a ce que le
Sttipa soit honorer jusqu'a la fin des temps."
p. 707.
No. 8.
EOCK AT SAHASAEAM.
Translation by D R . Gr. BUHLER.
See Indian Antiquary, 1877, page 156.
"' The beloved of the gods speaketh thus: [It is more than thirty-two'] years [and a half] that
I am a worshipper [of Buddha], and I have not exerted myself strenuously. [It is] a year and
more [that I have exterted myself strenuously]. During this interval those gods that were [held to be]
true gods in Jambudripa have been made [to be regarded as] men* and false. For through strenuous exertion comes this reward, and it ought not to be said to be an effect of [my] greatness—For
even a small man who exerts himself can gain for himself great rewards in heaven. Just for this
purpose a sermon has been preached.
" ' B o t h small ones and great ones should exert themselves, and in the end they should also
obtain [true] knowledge. And this spiritual good will increase; it will even increase exceedingly;
it will increase one [size] and a half, at least one [size] and a half/ And this sermon [is] by the
DEPARTED. Two-hundred [years] exceeded by fifty-six, 256, have passed since; and I have caused
this matter te be incised on the hills; or where those stone pillars are, there too I have caused it to
be incised."
* This phrase probably alludes to the Buddhist belief that the Devas also have shorter or longer terms of existence.
TRANSLATIONS.
131
No. 9.
ROCK AT RUPNATH.
;
Translation by D B . G BUHLER.
See Indian Antiquary, 1877, page 156.
" The beloved of the gods speaketh thus: [It is] more than thirty-two years and a half that I
am a hearer [of the law"], and I did not exert myself strenuously. But it is a year and more that
I have entered the community [of ascetics'], and that I have exerted myself strenuously. Those
gods who during this time were considered to be true [gods] in Jambudvipa have now been abjured.
For through exertion [comes] this reward, and it cannot be obtained by greatness. For a small
[man], who exerts himself somewhat can gain for himself great heavenly bliss. And for this purpose, this sermon has been preached: ' Both great ones and small ones should exert themselves, and
should in the end gain [true] knowledge, and this manner [of acting] should be what ? Of long
duration. For this spiritual good will grow the growth, and will grow exceedingly, at the least it
will grow one [size] and a half/ And this matter has been caused to be written on the hills;
[where] a stone pillar is, [there] it has been written on a stone pillar. And as often as [man brings]
to this writing ripe thought, [so often] will he rejoice, learning to subdue his senses.* This
sermon has been preached by the DEPARTED. 256 [years have elapsed] since the departure of the
TEACHER."
No. 10.
SECOND BAIRAT ROCK.
TRANSLATIONS.
JBurnouf.
Wilson.
Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, p. 725.
Journal of the Koyal Asiatic Society, XVI, 366.
Leroi Piyadasa, k F Assemble du Magadha
qu'il fait saluer, a souhait^ et peu de peines et une
existence agreable.
" II est bien connu, seigneurs, jusqu'ou vont
et mon respect et ma foi pour le Buddha, pour la
Loi, pour l'Assemblee.
" Tout ce qui, seigneurs, a dte dit par le bienheureux Buddha, tout cela seulement est bien
dit. II faut done montrer, seigneurs, quelles
(en) sont les autorites; de cette maniere, la bonne
loi sera de longue duree; voila ce que moi je crois
necessaire.
" En attendant, voici, seigneurs, les sujets qu*
embrasse la loi; les homes marquees par le Vinaya
(ou la discipline), les faculte's surnaturelles des
Ariyas, les dangers de l'avenir, les stances du
solitaire, le Suta (le Sutra) du solitaire, la specu-
"Priyadasi, the King to the venerable assembly
of Magadha, commands the infliction of little
pain, and indulgence to animals.
" I* is verily known, I proclaim, to what extent my respect and favour (are placed) in
Buddha, in the law, and in the assembly.
" Whatsoever (words) have been spoken by
the divine Buddha, they have all been well said,
and in them verily I declare that capability of
proof is to be discerned—so that the pure law
(which they teach) will be of long duration, as
far as I am worthy (of being obeyed).
" For these I declare are the precepts of the
law of the principal discipline (Vinaya) having
overcome the oppressions of the Aryas, and
future perils, (and refuted) the songs of the
Munis, the Sutras of the Munis, (the practices)
"
* The original has a double meaning. The other meaning is " And as often as [a man seasons Ms"] boiled rice with this
condiment he will be satisfied, falling into a state of Samvara, i.e., that state of intense satisfaction and repletion, in which
he closes his eyes from pleasure, and .suspends the activity of the senses generally."
132
TRANSLATIONS.
Prinsep.
.. Wilson.
Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, p. 725.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, XVI, 366.
lation d'Upatissa (Cariputra) seuleinent, Fin- of inferior ascetics, the censure of a light world,
struction de Laghula (Rahula), en rejetant les and (all) false doctrines,
doctrines fausses.
" These things, as declared by the divine
" (Voila) ce qui a 6te dit par le bienheureux Buddha, I proclaim, and I desire them to be reBuddha. Ces sujets qu'embrasse la loi, seigneurs, garded as the precepts of the law.
je de*sire, et c'est la gloire a laquelle je tiens le
" And that as many as there may be, male and
plus, que les Religieux et les Religieuses les female mendicants, may hear and observe them,
^coutent et les meditent constamment, aussi bien constantly, as well also as male and female folque lesfidelesdes deux sexes.
lowers (of the laity).
" C'est pour cela, seigneurs, que je (vous) fais
" These things I affirm, and have caused this
ecrire ceci: telle est ma volonte* et ma declara- to be written (to make known to you) that such
tion/"
will be my intention."
The following improved translation of this important inscription has lately appeared in the Indian
Antiquary, Vol. V, p. 257, from the very competent pen of Professor Kern :—
" King Priyadarsin (that is, the Humane) of Magadha greets the Assembly (of Clerics)* and
wishes them welfare and happiness. Ye know, Sirs, how great is our reverence and affection for
the Triad, which is called Buddha (the Master), Faith, and Assembly. All that ou r Lord Buddha has
spoken, my Lords, is well spoken ; wherefore, Sirs, it must indeed be regarded as having indisputable
authority; so the true faith shall last long. Thus, my Lords, I honour (?) in the first place these
religious works:—Summary of the Discipline, The Supernatural Powers of the Master, (or of the
Masters), The Terrors of the Future, The Song of the Hermit, The Sutra on Asceticism, The Question
of Upatishya, and The Admonition to Rdhula concerning Falsehood, uttered by our Lord Buddha.
These religious works, Sirs, I will that the Monks and Nuns, for the advancement of their good
name, shall uninterruptedly study and remember, as also the laics of the male and female sex. For
this end, my Lords, I cause this to be written, and have made my wish evident/'
-No. 10.
.
KHANDAGIRI E0CK.
TRANSLATIONS.
1.—" Salutation (or glory) to the arhantas, glory to all the saints; (or those who have attained
final emancipation).
" By Aira, the great king, borne on this mighty cloud-chariot,—rich in possession of the
purest wealth of heart and desire,—of exceeding personal beauty,—having an army
of undaunted courage.
" By him (was made) the excavation of the 83 rocky peaks of Kalingadwipa" (or) " by
him, the king of Kalinga, was this rock excavation (made) "
LINE 2.—" [By him] possessed of a comely form at the age of 15 years,—then joining in youthful
sports,—afterwards for nine years engaged in mastering the arts of reading and writing
arithmetic, navigation, commerce, and law;—and resplendant in all knowledge,—(the
former Raja being then in his 85th year), thus, at the age of 24, full of wisdom and
uprightness, and on the verge of manhood, (lit. the remainder of.youth) [through
him] does a third victory in the battle of the city of the Kalinga royal family
sanctify the accession (anointment) of the maharaja.
LINE 3.—"Upon his accession, choosing the Brahmanical faith he causes to be repaired the citywalls and houses [that had been] destroyed by a storm.
LINE
* Or, " greets the Assembly of Magadha."
t Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 1080.
TRANSLATIONS
OF
CAVE INSCRIPTIONS.
BARABAR OAVES.
No. 1.
Bumouf.
A. €.
" Par le roi Piyadasi, la douzieme annee de son
" By the King Piyadasi, in the 12 th year of
sacre, cette caverne du Nig oka (le figuier Indien) his inauguration, this cave of the Nyagrodha
a ete donnee (le reste manque)."
Tree (the banian) has been given to the mendicants."
As Bumouf found Kittoe's copy of this inscription incomplete, he left his translation as above.
But as I have been able to complete the text by the addition of the words [di)nd adivikemhi, I have
added the translation of the same phrase " aux mendiants," as given by Burnouf in another place.*
No. 2.
Burnouf.
A. C.
" Par le roi Piyadasi, la douzieme annee de son
" By the King Piyadasi, in the 12th year of
sacre, cette grotte dans la montagne Khalatika a his inauguration, this cave in the Khalatika
ete donnee par les mendiants."
hills has been given to the mendicants."
Burnouf has an interesting note on the name of Khalatika, which he ingeniously identifies witli
the Sanskrit skhalatika, " slippery "f In my descriptive account of these caves in the early part of
this volume I have suggested that this name may be connected with Thsang's Kie-lan-to, and with
the Kallatii or Kalantii Indians of Herodotus and Hekatseus.
No. 3.
Burnouf,
A. C.
" Le Roi Piyadasi * la dix-neuvieme annee
" The King Piyadasi, in the 19th year after
depuis son sacre * * * cette caverne" * * his inauguration * * this cavern * * in
the Khalanti hill" * *
Burnouf felt unable to suggest even a conjectural reading for the imperfect portion of this inscription.:}: I have recovered the words Khalati or Khalanti pavata, but I can make nothing of the
remaining portion.
OAVES.
No. 4.
Prinsejp.
Burnouf.
" The Brahman girl's cave, excavated by the
" La caverne des Tisserands a €te destinee par
hands of the most devoted sect of Bauddha le roi Dasalatha, le bien aime des D&vas, aussiascetics for the purpose of a secluded residence, tot apres sa consecration au trdne, a dtre un lieu
* Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, 779-780.
t Le Lotus, Appendice, 779.
X Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, 780.
134
TRANSLATIONS.
" For the poor (or ascetics) of Kalinga a reservoir of cool water and a ghat (?), also
presents of every necessaiy and equipages he makes permanent endowment of/'
LINE 4.—"With 83,000panas* he gains the affection of his people, and in a second house [which]
tlie architect lias prepared on tlie western side (for) horses, elephants, men, carriages,
a number of chambers he caused to be established (or he transferred them thither)
for those coming from Kansa forest to see; the balcony
*
*
*
of the
LINE 5.—
inhabitants of S&kanagara; he, inclining to virtue, skilled in the science of music,
causing to be sounded the dampana and the tabhata (drums ?) with beautiful and
merry dancing girls causes diversions.
" In like manner turning his mind to law, in an establishment of learned 'men, he [ called
together ] the Buddhist priests of Eastern Kalinga, who were settled there under the ancient kings."
LINE 6.—*
* "act of devotion *
*
jewel
*
*
all equipages
*
*
*
he gives to god."
" Afterwards inclining to charity, the hundred houses (?) of Nanda Raja destroyed, f
and himself expelled; all that was in the city of Vajapanddi'3 [ here we may fill up
" he converted the plunder to the charitable purposes alluded to," and this sense is
borne out by the beginning of the following or 7th line ] .
LINE 7.—" He munificently distributes in charity many hundred thousands [panas~\—the town
territory." £
*
*
*
LINE 8.—" [To] the prince who caused [its] destruction, he ordains the pain of the cavern [imprisons
in one of the caves?]—and causes the murderer to labour by a generous requital
* * seated on the hill * * * and lavishes bland speeches and obedience."
LINE 9.—" Apes, bulls, horses, elephants, buffaloes (?) and all requisites for the furniture of the
house;—to induce the practice of rejecting improper persons, he further bestowed
(or appointed) attendants of the baiman caste (Brahman ?).
[From this point the commencement of each line is lost.]
10.—"rdja causes to be made the palace (or fort) of 15 victories"
11.—" finding no glory in the country which had been the seat of the ancient princes,—a city
abounding in envy and hypocrisy,—and reflecting in the year 1300"—[a break
follows and leaves us in the dark as to what era (if any) is here alluded to ] * * *
falling of heavenly form * * * twelve * * * §.
LINE 12.—1|
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* '
LINE 13.—" He distributes much gold at Benares * * * * he gives as charity innumerable
and most precious jewels."
LINE 14.—" In the year 1300 married with the daughter of the so-called conqueror of the mountains
(a hill raja), [the rest is obscure, butseemingly declaratory of some presents to priests].
LINE 15.—(Few words intelligible.)
LINE 16.—" He causes to be constructed subterranean chambers, caves containing a chetiya temple
and pillars." * * * *
LINE 17.—"For whom the happy heretics continually pray * * slayer, having a lakh of
equipages * * the fearless sovereign of many hills, by the sun (cherished, or some
such epithet) the great conqueror Raja Khdravela Sanda (or "the king of the Ocean
shore," reading Khdravelasya, and supposing the two final strokes not to be letters)."
I read the last name as Kharnvela Sri, and just preceding it there seems to be a cluster of
geographical names, ending with " all the rajas of the hill districts," pavata-chaho rdja savam.
LINE
LINE
* There is no word for 83 in the original, Prinsep having got two letters too many in the term pannatisidhi, which he
reads pannatasirasihi. Apparently the sum is 100,000, satasahasehi according to Prinsep's own reading of the following
word.
t Here Prinsep reads porajanapadam, which may be correct, but the initial letter in the photograph looks like O» .
X Here my corrector reading of the text will necessitate a fresh translation, which will considerably alter the meaning.
§ At the end of this line where Prinsep reads Siripithi rdjdno I read utara-patha-rajdno, or " the king of the northern
region," an expression which recalls the Dakshinapatha or southern region of Samudra Gupta's inscription.
|| Prinsep has not attempted to read any portion of this line, but I observe the name of Nanda Raja, and I think also
that of Hagadha vasasa.
TRANSLATIONS.
135
Prinsep.
Biirnouf.
was appointed their habitation in perpetuity by ^habitation pour les respectables mendiants*
Dasaratha, the beloved of the gods, immediately tant que dureront le soleil et la lune/'f
on his ascending the throne/'*
This cave, as well as the two next mentioned, were excavated by King Dasaratha, the grandson
of Asoka, in the first year of his reign, B. C. 215, as a residence for Bhadantas. I have formerly
suggested that the term Vapiyaka, which is the name of the cave, was derived from Vdpi, a well or
reservoir, and that the cave was so called because there is a fine large well immediately in front of
it. The well is 9 feet in diameter and 23 feet deep.J
No. 5.
Prinsep.
Burnouf.
" The Milkmaid's cave, excavated by the hands
" La caverne de la Berglre a ete destinee par
of the most devoted sect of Bauddha ascetics for le Dasalatha, le bien-aime des Devas, aussithe purpose of a secluded residence, was appointed tot apres sa consecration au trone, a etre un
their habitation in perpetuity by Dasaratha, the lieu d'habitation pour les respectables mendibeloved of the gods, immediately on his ascending ants, tant que dureront le soleil et la lune."(|
the throne/'§
Burnouf suggests that these caves probably existed before the time of Dasaratha as natural
caverns, and were already known as the " Milkmaid's cave/' &c. This explanation seems a very
natural one, but I do not think that it can be true, as all these caves have been hewn out of solid
masses of rock, where the outer face presents a clean and unfissured front. Apparently Burnouf was
not quite satisfied with the translation of Gopika KuMd as " la caverne de la Berg&re," for he gives
the alternative version of " la caverne des Bergers/" by making gopika an adjective agreeing
with kubha.
No. 6
Prinsep.
Burnouf.
Prinsep has not proposed any rendering of the
" La caverne de celui qui a cru en richesses a
word Vadathika, which forms the name of the ete destinee par le roi Dasalatha/' &c, as in
cave.
Nos. 4 and ffc%
In this translation Burnouf has taken vadathika as the equivalent of the Sanskrit vriddhartha,
" celui qui a fait croitre ses richesses."
TJDAYAG-miNo. 1.—The Snake Cave.
{l
The impregnable (or unequalled) Chamber of
Chulakarma" * * continued in—
No. 2.-77« Snake Cave.
" and the appropriate temple (or palace) of Karma"
* (Rishi ?)
No. 3.—The Tiger Cave.
" Excavated by Ugra Aveda (the antivedist ?)
the Sasuvin."
" The cave of Sabhidi of Ugara
Akhada/'ff
* Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 678.
§ Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 678.
t Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, 775.
|| Le Lotug de la Bonne Loi, Appendice, 775-776.
X Archaeological Survey of India, I, 49.
•5F
Ditto
ditto,
778.
** These translations are taken from the Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 1073, 1074.
f t My reading of the text of this inscription is taken from a photographic picture of a cast made by Mr. H. H. Locke..
136
TEANSLATIONS.
Prinsejp.
No. 4.—Nameless Cave.
The excavation of Yan&kiya for *
No. 5.—The JPaiuan Cave.
(Similar to No. 1.)
No. 6.—Manikpura Cave.
" The excavation of the mighty (or of Vira) " Cave of Aira Maharaja, lord of Kalinga, the
sovereign, the lord of Kalinga, &c, * * * of great cloud-borne" * * *
Kadepa (?) the worshipper of the Sun."
No. 7.—Manikpura Cave.
" The excavation of the Prince VattaJca,"
" Cave of Prince Vaddaka."
As this last record is placed over a small door of the same cave in which No. 6 is found, it
would seem that Prince Vaddaka must have been a son of Raja Aira.
No. 8.—The VaiJcanta Cave.
Prinsep.
"Excavation of the Bajas of Kalinga enjoying
the favour of the Arhantas" (Buddhist Saints)
(the rest is too much mutilated to be read with
any degree of confidence).
"Cave made-by * * * Raja Lal&ka for
the benefit (or use) of the Arhantas" and
Sramanas of Kalinga, &c, * "
TRANSLATIONS.
PIILAE INSCRIPTIONS.
See Journal of Bengal Asiatic Society, Vol. VI, p. 581, by Prinsep.
DELHI PILLAR—NORTH SIDE.
EDICT I.
Prinsep.
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—' In the twenty-seventh year of my anointment, I
nave caused this religious edict to be published in writing. I acknowledge and confess the faults
that have been cherished in my heart. From the love of virtue, by the side of which all other
things are as sins, from the strict scrutiny of sin. and from fervent desire to be told of sin, by
the fear of sin and by very enormity of sin;—by these may my eyes be strengthened and confirmed
(in rectitude).
" ' The sight of religion, and the love of religion, of their own accord increase and will ever
increase: and my people, whether of the laity {grihist) or of the priesthood (ascetics), all mortal
beings, are knit together thereby, and prescribe to themselves the same path: and, above all,
having obtained the mastery over their passions, they become supremely wise. For this is indeed
true wisdom: it is upheld and bound by (it consists in) religion; by religion which cherishes,
religion which teaches pious acts, religion that bestows (the only true) pleasure."
EDICT II.
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—'In religion is the chief excellence; but religion
consists in good works: in the non-omission of many acts:—mercy and charity, purity and
chastity;—(these are) to me the anointment of consecration. Towards the poor and the. afflicted,
towards bipeds and quadrupeds, towards the fowls of the air and things that move in the
waters, manifold have been the benevolent acts performed by me. Out of consideration for things
inanimate even many other excellent things have been done by m e / To this purpose is the present
edict promulgated; let all pay attention to it (or take cognizance thereof), and let it endure for
ages to come:—and he who acts in conformity thereto, the same shall attain eternal happiness,
(or shall be united with Sugato)/ "*
EDICT III.
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—' Whatever appeareth to me to be virtuous and
good, that is so held to be good and virtuous by me, and not the less if it have evil tendency, is it
accounted for evil by me or is it named among the asinave (the nine offences ?). "Eyes are given
(to man) to distinguish between the two qualities (between right and wrong) : according to the
capacity of the eyes so may they behold.
" ' The following are accounted among the nine minor transgressions :—mischief, hard-heartedness, anger, pride, envy. These evil deeds of nine kinds, shall on no account be mentioned. They
should be regarded as opposite (or prohibited). Let this (ordinance) be impressed on my heart:
let it be cherished with all my soul/ "f
• Baraouf has criticised this translation in Le Lotas de la Bonne Loi, p. 667.
f The translation of this Edict has been criticised by Burnouf in Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi, p. 669.
138
TRANSLATIONS.
.EDICT
IV.
WEST SIDE.
" Thus spake king Piyadasi, beloved of the gods :—f In the twenty-seventh year of my anointment, I have caused to be promulgated the following religious edict. My devotees, in very many
hundred thousand souls, having (now) attained unto knowledge, I have ordained (the following)
fines and punishments for their transgressions. Wherever devotees shall abide around (or circumambulate) the holy fig-tree for the performance of pious duties, the benefit and pleasure of the
country and its inhabitants shall be (in making) offerings: and according to their generosity or
otherwise shall they enjoy prosperity or adversity : and they shall give thanks for the coming of
the faith. Whatever villages with their inhabitants may be given or maintained for the sake of
the worship, the devotees shall receive the same, and for an example unto my people they shall
follow after (or exercise solitary) austerities. And likewise, whatever blessings they shall pronounce, by these shall my devotees accumulate for the worship (?). Furthermore, the people shall
attend in the night the great myrobalan-tree and the holy fig-tree. My people shall foster
(accumulate) the great myrobalan. Pleasure is to be eschewed, as intoxication (?).
" { M y devotees doing thus for the profit and pleasure of the village, whereby they (coming)
around the beauteous and holy fig-tree may cheerfully abide in the performance of pious acts
In this also are fines and punishments for the transgressions of my devotees appointed. Much
to be desired is such renown ! According to the measure of the offence (the destruction of vit/a
or happiness ?) shall be the measure of the punishment, but (the offender) shall not be put to death
by me. Banishment (shall be) the punishment of those malefactors deserving of imprisonment
and execution. Of those who commit murder on the high road (dacoits ?) even none, whether of
the poor or of the rich, shall be injured (tortured) on my three especial days (?). Those guilty of
cruelly beating or slaughtering living things, having escaped mutilation (through my clemency),
shall give alms (as a deodand) and shall also undergo the penance of fasting. And thus it is my
desire that the protection of even the workers of opposition shall tend to (the support of) the
worship; and (on the other hand) the people, whoserighteousnessincreases in every respect, shall spontaneously partake of my benevolence/ "
E D I C T V.
SOUTH SIDE.
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—'In the twenty-seventh year of my anointment the
following animals shall not be put to death : the parrot, the maina (or thrush), the wild duck of
the wilderness, the goose, the bull-faced owl, the vulture, the bat, the ambaka-pillika, the raven?
and the common crow, the vhdaveyaka, the adjutant, the sankujamava, the kqpAatasayaka, the
-panasasesimala, the sandaka, the okapada, those that go in pairs, the white dove, and the domestic
pigeon. Among all fonr-footed beasts the following shall not be for food, they shall not be eaten :
the she-goat of various kinds, and the sheep, and the sow, either when heavy with young or when
giving milk. Unkilled birds of every sort for the desire of their flesh shall not be put to death.
The same being alive shall not be injured: whether because of their uselessness or for the sake
of amusement they shall not be injured. Animals that prey on life shall not be cherished. In
the three four-monthly periods (of the year) on the evening of the full' moon, during the three
^holy) days, namely, the fourteenth, the fifteenth, and the first day after conjunction, in the midst
of the uposatha ceremonies (or strict fasts), unkilled things (or livefish?) shall not be exposed for
sale. Yea, on these days, neither the snake tribe, nor the feeders on fish (alligators), nor any living
beings whatsoever shall be put to death.
" ' On the eighth day of the paksha for half month) on the fourteenth, on the fifteenth, on (the
qays when the moon is in the mansions of) trisha or punarvasa,—on these several days in the three
four-monthly periods, the ox shall not be tended : the goat, the sheep, and the pig, if indeed any
be tended (for domestic use) shall not then fee tended. On the trisha and the punarvasa of every
four months, and of every paksha or semilunation of the four months, it is forbidden to keep (for
labour) either the horse or the ox.
" ' Furthermore, in the twenty-seventh year of my reign, at this present time, twenty-five
prisoners are set at liberty/ "
TRANSLATIONS.
139
E D I C T VI.
EAST SIDE.
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—' In the twelfth year of my anointment, a religious
edict (was) published for the pleasure and profit of the world; having destroyed that (document)
and regarding my former religion as sin, I now for the benefit of the world proclaim the fact
And this (among my nobles, among my near relations, and among my dependants, whatsoever
pleasures I may thus abandon), I therefore cause to be destroyed; and I proclaim the same in all the
congregations; while I pray with every variety of prayer for those who differ from me in creed
that they following after my proper example may with me attain unto eternal salvation: wherefore
the present edict of religion is promulgated in this twenty-seventh year of my anointment/ "
EDICT VII.
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:— ( Kings of the olden time have gone to heaven under
these very desires. How then among mankind may religion (or growth in grace) be increased?
Yea, through the conversion of the humbly-born shall religion increase/ "
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—' The present moment and the past have departed
under the same ardent hopes. How by the conversion of the royal-born may religion be increased ?
Through the conversion of the lowly-born if religion thus increaseth, by how much (more) through
the conviction of the high-born, and their conversion, shall religion increase ? Among who msoeve r
the name of God resteth (?) verily this is religion (or verily virtue shall there increase) / "
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—Wherefore from this very hour I have caused religious discourses to be preached; I have appointed religious observances that mankind having listened
thereto shall be brought to follow in the right path and give glory unto God'-"(Agni ?)
EDICT VIII" Moreover, along with the increase of religion, opposition will increase: for which reason I have
appointed sermons to be preached, and I have established ordinances of every kind ; through the
efficacy of which the misguided, having acquired true knowledge, shall proclaim it on all sides (?) and
shall become active in upholding its duties. The disciples, too, flocking in vast multitudes (many
hundred thousand souls). Let these likewise receive my command, ' In such wise do ye, too, address
on all sides (or address comfortably ?) the people united in religion/ "
" King Devanampiya Piyadasi thus spake :—' Thus among the present generation have I
endowed establishments, appointed men very wise in the faith, and done
...for the faith/ *'
" King Devanampiya Piyadasi again spake as follows:—e Along the high roads I have caused
fig-trees to be planted, that they may be for shade to animals and m e n ; I have (also) planted mango
trees : and at every half coss I have caused wells to be constructed, and (resting p aces ?) for nights
to be erected. And how many taverns (or serais) have been erected by me at various places for the
•entertainment of man and beast! So that as the people, finding the road to every species of
pleasure and convenience in these places of entertainment, these new towns, (vayapuri ?) rejoiceth
under my rule, so let them thoroughly appreciate and follow after the same (system of benevolence).
This is my object, and thus I have done/ "
"Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—' Let the priests deeply versed in the faith (or let
my doctrines ?) penetrate among the multitudes of the rich capable of granting favors, and let them
penetrate alike among all the unbelievers, whether of ascetics or of householders, and let them,
penetrate into the assemblies (?) for my sake. Moreover, let them for my sake find their way among
the Brahmans and the most destitute; and among those who have abandoned domestic life, for my
sake let them penetrate; and among various unbelievers for my sake let them find their way :—yea
use your utmost endeavours among these several classes, that the wise men, these men learned in the
religion (or these doctrines of my religion) may penetrate among these respectively, as well as
among all other unbelievers/ "
140
TRANSLATIONS.
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi:—' And let these (priests) and others the most skilful
in the sacred offices penetrating among the charitably disposed of my queens and among all my
secluded women discreetly and respectfully use their most persuasive efforts (at conversion), and
acting on the heart and on the eyes of the children, for my sake penetrate in like manner among
the charitably disposed of other queens and princes for the purpose (of imparting) religious enthusiasm and thorough religious instruction. And this is the true religious devotion, this the sum of
religious instruction, viz., that it shall increase the mercy and charity, the truth and purity, the
kindness and honesty, of the world/ "
" Thus spake king Devanampiya Piyadasi: —' And whatever soever benevolent acts have been done
by me, the same shall be prescribed as duties to the people who follow after me: and -in this
(manner) shall their influence and increase be manifest,—by doing service to father and mother; by
doing service to spiritual pastors; by respectful demeanour to the aged and full of years, and by
kindness and condescension to Brahmans, and Sramans, to the orphan and destitute, to servants and
the minstrel tribe/ "
" King Devanampiya Piyadasi again spake :—f And religion increaseth among men by two separate
processes,: by performance of religious offices, and, by security against persecution. Accordingly,
that religious offices and immunities might abound among multitudes, I have observed the ordinances
myself as the apple of my eye (?) (as testified by) all these animals which have been saved from
slaughter, and by manifold other virtuous acts performed on my behalf. And that the religion may
be from the persecution of men, increasing, through the absolute prohibition to put to .death
living beings, or to sacrifice aught that draweth breath. For such an object is all this done, that
it may endure to my sons and their sons' sons as long as the sun and moon shall last. Wherefore
let them follow its injunctions and be obedient thereto and let it be had in reverence and respect. In
the twenty-seventh year of my reign have I caused this edict to be written; so sayeth (Devanampiya). Let stone pillars be prepared and lej; this edict of religion be engraven thereon, that it may
endure unto the remotest ages.' " *
SEPAKATE EDICTSALLAHABAD PILLAR.
No. 1.
Queen's Edict.
Prinsep.
" By the mandate of Devanampiya the ministers everywhere are to receive notice. These also
(namely mango treesf) and other things are the gift of the second princess (his) queen, and these
for * * * of KiclMgani, the third princess the general (daughter's * * ?). Of the second
lady thus let the act redound with triple force/'J
In his remarks on this inscription Tumour has identified the " second queen" with the attendant of the former queen Asandhimitra, whom Asoka married in the 34th year of his reign.§
But ae a " third queen" is mentioned in the inscription, the second queen must have been
AsandhimUra herself, and the " third queen/' who was married in the 34th year of Asoka, must
have been the queen Kickhigani of the inscription. By this reckoning the first queen would have
been the predecessor of Asandhimitr& and the mother of Kun&la. The names of at least two other
queens are known : /, Tishya-rakthitd, by whose contrivance Prince Kunala was blinded; and
* This last passage was afterwards slightly altered by Prinsep as follows:—" In order that this religious edict may stand
(remain), stone pillars and stone slahs (or receptacles) shall be accordingly prepared, by which the same may endure nnto
remote ages."—Bengal Asiatic Society's Journal, VI, 1059. The word translated stone slabs is read as sila-dharikani, instead
of phalakani or "tablets," as pointed oat by me some twelve years ago.
t AmbavadiJca means a " mango garden."
X Journal of the Bengal Asiatic Society, VI, 967. The words immediately following the name of Dev&nampiyu, " the ministers everywhere are to receive notice," are taken from Prinsep'a corrected reading in Vol. VI, p. 448.
§ Tumour's Mahawanso, p. 122.
TRANSLATIONS.
141
2, Padmdvati, the mother of Kunala.* I t is probable, therefore, that the titles of first, second, and
third queens must denote their relative rank, and not their sequence in order of time. It is certain
at least that Tishya-rakshitd was the "first" queen, as she is distinctly called so in the Asoka
avaddna.f
No. 2.
Kosambi Edict.
As this inscription has only lately been discovered by myself, there is of course no translation
available, and I am afraid that it is in too mutilated a state to be of much use. But the first line
is complete, and may be rendered:
" Devanampiya commands the rulers of Kosambi/'
The same word annapayati occurs in the Deotek inscription.
Sanchi Pillar,
Of this inscription Prinsep remarks that it is in " too mutilated a state to be restored entirely,
but from the commencement -of the third line, it may be concluded that some provision was made
by a 'charitable and religiously disposed person for hungry priests/ and this is confirmed by the two
nearly perfect lines at the foot: 'It is also my desire that camphorated (cool ?) water should be
given to drink. May this excellent purpose endure for ever!' "
A comparison of Prinsep's reading of the text with my version, which has been made afresli
during a recent visit to S&nchi, shows some important differences which will necessitate a revised
translation of the last two lines. My reading of the fourth line also differs from Prinsep's, but in a
less degree. The words Bhikhu c/ia Bhikhuni seemed to me to be quite clear.
* Burnouf: Introduction al'Histoire du Buddhism, Indien, 149, 403, 405.
t Burnouf, p. 405: " La preinidre des femmes d'A^oka."
INDEX.
TPAGB.
Aira Eaj a—Inscription on Khandagiri Rock .
.
.
.
.
.
.
in Khandagiri Caves
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
;
Alexander I I , ofEpirus—Eock Edict X I I I
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Allahabad Pillar
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
— — — — — T e x t s of Asoka's Edicts
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
"
Translations of Asoka's Edicts
.
.
.
.
.
.
T w o additional Edicts, texts .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
• " "
, translations .
.
.
.
.
.
.
•
Samudra Gupta's Inscription .
.
.
.
.•
•
Baja Birbal's Inscription
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Alphabetical characters of A s o k a ' s period
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
«•
Ariano-Pali alphabet
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Indian-Pali alphabet
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Indigenous origin of Indian alphabet
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Andhras, a people, coupled with the Pulindas .
,
.
.
.
.
Antigonus [Gonnatas of Macedonia] Eock Edict X I I I .
,
.
.
.
.
Antiochus [ I I Theos, of Syria] Eock Edict I I .
.
.
.
.
.
.
Eock Edict X I I I
.
.
.
.
.
.
ASOKA—Chronology of his reign
.
.
.
.
.'
.
.
• -" Eeigned 41 years
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
f
D a t e o f accession, B . C .2 6 4 .
.
,
.
.
,
' .
-• ' D a t e o f inauguration, B . C 2 6 0
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Bairat Eock Inscription
,
,
.
.
,
Text o f
Second Eock Inscription
.
.
.
.
•
Text of.
.
.
,
— — — Translation of .
.
.
Barabar Caves—Inscriptions
.
.
. * ..
Baranasi o rBenares—Khandagiri Eock Edict .
.
.
B h a d a n t a — B u d d h i s t title corrupted t oB h a n t S
.
.
Bhoja, a country, coupled with Pitenika—Eock Edict X I I I .
B u d d h a , n a m e of, i n 2 n d B a i r a t I n s c r i p t i o n
.
.
.
•
Date o f death, o rNirvana, B . C. 4 7 8 .
.
.
Biihler, D r , G , — T e x t a n d translation o f Sphasaram Inscription
••
Text a n d translation o f E u p n a t h Inscription
Burnouf—Translation of Eock Edict I V
.
.
.
_
V I I
,
•
X
.
,
_
X I I
_ X I V
B
•
1— o f first s e p a r a t e E d i c t , D h a u l i .
.
•'.
o fsecond
'„
.
.
.
....
o fsecond Bairat Rock Inscription
.
. •
o f Kag&rjuni Cave Inscriptions .
.
Cave Inscriptions
.
•
a tBarabar
—
at Nagarjuni
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
,
,
.
.
.
/
.
.
.
.
.
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•
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
27,98,132
104,136
4,87,126
4,37
106
- -- j g y
116
140,141
38
39
49
50
49,51
52
11,87,126
11,87,126
11, 66,177
" " "' ' 87,126
Preface vii
„
v i
„
vi
„
vi
^
2
2
9 6
"
2
4
9 7
" 1 3 1
.
30,103,134
100, 30,103,135
.
25,26
87, 126
2 5 , 9T, 1 3 1
Preface iii
94,130
95,131
.
" 1 1 9
1 2 1
1 2 3
125
126
127
129
~ 1 3 1
'134
.
.
.
.
30
30, 103,134
.
.
.
.
31,103,134
INDEX.
11
PAGE.
Cave Inscriptions a t Khandagiri and Udayaghi
•
a t Ramgarh, in Sirguja
Chandra Gupta Maurya
.
.
.
Chikambari, name of country, Deotek Slab
.
Choda, or Chola, Rock Edict I I
. .
,
Dasaratha, inscriptions of, at Nagarjuni
Date of Asoka
.
.
.
.
— — Buddha's death, or Nirvana, B . C. 478
• •
Chandra Gupta Maurya
.
' •
Mahavira
.
.
.
.
Delhi Pillar, from Siwalik
.
.
.
'
, from Mirat
.
.
.
• •
Texts of Inscriptions
————— Translations of Inscriptions
—
Two additional Edicts, V I I and V I I I
Deotek Slab Inscription
.
.
.
Devanampriya, title of Asoka
.
.
.
, title of Dasaratha, Nagarjuni Caves
Dhauli Rock Inscription
.
.
.
•••
•'
first
separate Edict
second separate Edict
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
G a n d h a r a — R o c k Edict V
.
.
G a y a Inscription, dated i n era of _Nirvana
G i r n a r Rock Inscription
.
.
.
.
_ *
Text
.
.
.
.
•
Translation
.
.
.
Gotama-swami, o r I n d r a b h u t i , disciple of Mahavira .
Greek K i n g s , names of, i n Asoka's Rock Edicts I I and X I I I
Inscription on Shahbazgarhi Rock
•
Khalsi Rock
.
.
.
.
i
Girnar Rock
.
.
.
.
.
D h a u l i Rock
.
.
.
.
•'
J a u g a d a Rock
.
.
.
.
•
first
separate, on Dhauli and J a u g a d a Rocks
—• second „
„
„
„
'
on Sahasaram Rock
on R u p n a t h Rock
.
.
.
.
:
on Bairat
.
.
.
.
.
•
on second Bairat Rock
on Deotek Slab
.
.
.
.
•
in R a m g a r h Caves
• .
•
i n Barabar Caves
.
.
.
.
»
i n N a g a r j u n i Caves
.
— — — on K h a n d a g i r i Rock
—
in Khandagiri and TJdayagiri Caves
.
on Delhi Pillar from Siwalik
on Delhi Pillar from M i r a t
on Allahabad Pillar
•
on L a u r i y a Araraj Pillar .
• i
on L a u r i y a Navandgarh Pillar
.
— separate Edicts on Allahabad Pillar
•
— on Sanchi Pillar
.
.
.
.
J a u g a d a — F o r t and Rock Inscription
•
> T e s t of Inscription
.
.
32.104
33.105
4
102
66,116
103,134
Preface vi, vii
„
iii
„
vi
».
. iy
3
3
106
137
116,140
2, 102
passim.
' 103,134
15, 65,118
20, 89,127
20, 92,129
72,120
Preface v
14
65
117
Preface iv
9,66,86
8, 65,118
12, 65,118
14, 65,118
* 15, 65,118
17, 65,118
20, 89,127
20, 92,129
20, 94,130
21, 95,131
22,96
24, 97,131
28,102
33,105
30,103,134
31.103,134
27, 98,132
32.104,135
34,106,187
37,106,137
37,106,137
39,106,137
41,106,137
38.116,140
42.116,141
,17, .19
65
INDEX..
iii
PAGE.
J a u g a d a — T r a n s l a t i o no fI n s c r i p t i o n .
Text of separate Edicts
.
.
.
.
.
.
Translation of separate Edicts
.
.
.
.
.
.
Kalinga—Eock Edict XIII
•
^
.
.
Khandagiri Kock Inscription .
.
,
—
Khandagiri Caves
Kamboja—Bock Edict V
.
.
.
.
.
Kern, Professor—Translation of second Bairat Inscription
Ketalaputra, or Kerala—Bock Edict I I
•
•
Khalati, or Khalanti Hills—Barabar Cave Inscriptions
Khalsi—Eock Inscription
.
.
.
.
• Text of Inscription
.
.
.
.
.
——— T r a n s l a t i o n o f I n s c r i p t i o n
.
.
.
Khandagiri Bock Inscription •
•
.
.
1
Text of Inscription
•
•
•
•
'
Translation of Inscription .
.
.
and Udayagiri Caves
.
.
.
Khepingala Hills, i n Dhauli a n d J a u g a d a I n s c r i
K o s a m b i , E d i c t of, o n A l l a h a b a d P i l l a r
•
•
Language of Inscriptions
•
Lauriya Araraj Pillar •
•
' . , N a v a n d g a r h Pillar
•
— — Text of both inscriptions
••• • T r a n s l a t i o n o f d i t t o
.
•
•
.
.
Mahavlra—Date of hisNirvana, B . C. 527
.
Mahindo, or Mahendra, sonof Asoka .
.
Masson—His copy of Shahbazgarhi Inscription
Nagarjuni Cave Inscriptions •
•
.
N a n d a Eaja—Khandagiri Eock Inscription
.
Nirvana of Mahavlra, B . C. 527
.
.
of B u d d h a , S a k y a M u n i , B . C . 4 7 8 .
——— e r a , u s e d i n G a y a I n s c r i p t i o n .
.
.
•
.
.
•
.
•
.
.
.
p
•
t
,
.
o n
i
•
s
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'
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.
3
9
1
5
7
3 1
99,133
Preface iv
i v
i v
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
84,125
9 132
104,105,136
72 120
1 3 3
66 117
32, 103 134
2 2
5 5
1 1 8
2 7
9 8
1 3 2
32, 104,135
19, 65
38,116 141
Preface iv
1 7
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
89,92
1 2 7 ,1 2 9
4
3
4
6
1 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Panda, or Pandionis Eegio—Rock Edict I I
.
Pillar at Allahabad
.
.
.
.
.
.
— - — a t Delhi from Siwalik .
.
.
.
!
at Delhi from Mirat
.
.
.
.
.
—— a t Lauriya Araraj
.
.
.
.
.
—— a t L a u r i y a N a v a n d g a r h .
.
.
.
.
at Sanchi
.
.
.
.
.
.
Pitenika, n a m e o f district, coupled w i t h Bhoja, Edict X I I I
Prinsep, J a m e s — N o t e s on Indian Pali alphabet
1
•S u m m a r y of contents of Edicts
•
Bemarks o n Khandagiri alphabet
•
Bemarks o n language o f Asoka's Inscription .
' 'Texts of Eock Inscriptions
of s e p a r a t e E o c k E d i c t s
of K h a n d a g i r i E o c k Inscription
.
of C a v e I n s c r i p t i o n s
.
.
.
.
T e x t s of D e l h i a n d o t h e r Pillar Inscriptions
Translations of E o c k E d i c t s
.
.
——— o f K h a n d a g i r i E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n
——— o f C a v e I n s c r i p t i o n s
.
.
of Pillar Edicts .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
^
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
t
.
.
.
.
%
.
.
,
.
.
.
^
'#
m
.•
.
;
.
.
9
.
.
..
.
.
.
•
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
,
.
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•
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,
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•
•
.
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.
. . .
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•
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•
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•
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•
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.
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•
.
.
.
.
-
.
.
.
"
10,66,117
3 7
3 4
3 7
3 9
4 1
4 2
87,117
51
5
27
47
65
89
o§
103
1Q6
127
127,129
134
137
.
.
iv
INDEX.
PAGE.
Queen's Edict on Allababad Pillar
.
.
Eahula, or Laghula, in second Bairat Inscription
E a m g a r h Caves, in Sirguja—Inscriptions
.
Ea.sb.tika, a country, s a m e a s S u r a s b t r a — E d i c t V
E o c k Inscription at Shahbazgarhi
.
.
at Khalsi
—————— a t G i r n a r
.
.
.
at Dhauli
.
.
.
•
at Jaugada
.
.
.
'•
>Separate, at Dhauli a n d J a u g a d a
— — — — — at Sahasaram .
.
.
——— at Rfipnath
.
.
.
—___
at Bairat
.
.
.
—————— S e c o n d , a t B a i r a t
.
•
•
at K h a n d a g i
Eupuath Eock Inscription
.
.
.
T e x t of, b y D r . B i i h l e r
•
Translation
„
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
,
Sabasaram Eock Inscription
.
.
,
,
,
__
.
T e x t of Inscription b y D r , B u b l e r
-^—————————— T r a n s l a t i o n o f
„
„
Sakanagara, city, mentioned in K h a n d a g i r i E o c k Inscription .
S a m a p a , city, mentioned in J a u g a d a — S e p a r a t e Edicts .
.
Sanchi Pillar Inscription
.
,
,
,
,
Shahbazgarhi Eock Inscription ,
,
.
.
.
, t h e Po-lu-sba of H w e n T h s a n g .
,
,
•
•
, t b e Bazaria of Arrian
,
.
.
.
— — — — T e x t of Inscription
,
,
,
Translation of Inscription
.
.
.
Separate Edicts on Dbauli Eock
.
,
.
.
on Jaugada Eock
,
.
.
.
••
of Q u e e n on Allahabad Pillar
.
.
•
of K o s & m b i o n
„
•
•
— — — — — r - on Delhi Siwalik Pillar
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
-
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
•
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
91
QQ
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
•
.
.
.
.
.
. 2 6 , 27, 6 7 , 1 3 2
33,105
.
72,120
,
8
1 2
1 4
1 5
1 7
2 0
2 0
2 1
2 2
.
2 4
2 7
2 1
.
9 5
,
13J.
2 0 , 1 2
9 4
1 3 0
.
98, 133
19, 89
42,116,141
g
9
9
(jg
.
117
. 16;, 8 9 , 1 2 7 , 1 2 9
. 19, 89,127,129
38,116,140
*
38,116,141
36 114 115
,
.
.
116,140
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
'
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
i
Takhasila, or Taxila—First separate Edict, Dhauli
.
T a m b a p a n n i , Pali n a m e of C e y l o n — E o c k Edict I I
.
Texts of E o c k Inscriptions
.
.
,
f
• 1.; first, s e p a r a t e E d i c t a t D h a u l i a n d J a u g a d a
.
second
„
• „
• „
„
.
——— K h a n d a g i r i " E o c k I n s c r i p t i o n .
.
,
Sahasaram Eock Inscription .
•
,
•
Eupnath Eock
„
.
.
.
•
Bairat Eock
J»
.
.
.
•
,
.
.
.
r
.
.
,
^
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
• .
. . . ,
.
.
.
,
.
«
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
•
•
- Second Bairat Eock ,
,
«
.
.
.
.
.
Deotek Slab
»
.
•
•
,
.
.
.
— — Pillar Inscriptions
*
*
.
,
.
.
.
- Separate Pillar Inscriptions
.
,
.
.
.
.
Caye Inscriptions
,
,
,
.
,
.
Tosali, n a m e of a t o w n a n d district, i n D h a u l i — S e p a r a t e Edict»
•
•
Translations of E o c k Edicts b y P r i n s e p a n d "Wilson
.
.
.
.
o f first s e p a r a t e E o c k b y P r i n s e p a n d B u r n o u f
.
.
.
of second „
„
„
,
,
,
.
.
-<-'— of S a h a s a r a m E o c k Inscription, b y D r , BUhler
.
.
.
ofEApn&th „
„
„
•-•
—>— of second Bairat Inscription, by Burnou| and "Wilson
,
,
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
•
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Off
.
.
128
n y
6 5
8 9
9 2
g g
9 4
9 5
Qa
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9 7
1 0 2
1 0 6
114 115 u g
1 Q 3
16,127,129
117 126
1 2 7
1 § 9
13Q
13l
,
,
,
33j
INDEX.
PAGE.
Translation of second Balr&t Inscription, by Professor Kern
;
of Khandagiri Kock Inscription, by Prinsep
———•of Khandagiri and Udayagiri Cave Inscriptions
of Barabar Cave Inscriptions
•
«
—— of Nagarjuni Cave Inscriptions «
»
of Pillar Edicts, by Prinsep
.
*
"
-of separate Edicts on Delhi Pillar, Tjy Prinsep
of
„
„ on Allahabad Pillar
.
•
of Sanchi Pillar Inscriptions
•
•
CTpatissa, or Sariputra—;Second Bairat Kock Inscription
.
-
132
132
135
134
134
137,139
139
140
141
97,132
Vira, or Aira, Kaja—Khandagiri Kock and Cave Inscriptions
.98,104,132,136
Wilson, H. H.—His criticism on Prinsep's translations ,
•
Remarks on second Bair&t Inscription, »
——
> Translation of
„
„
Remarks-on language of Asoka's Inscriptions
___
Translations of Kock Edicts
•
«
7
26
131
44
117,125
Tona, country, coupled with Kamboja .
kings, Antioclius, &c.—Kock Edict I I
*
.
•
10,72
66, 117
86, 12G
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.
VOL. I
INSCRIPTIONS of A80KA
PLATB I.
SHAHBAZ-GARHI ROCK
Front 01 E. Pace.
. .5
6
op'
a
ZO. .
A. Cunningham, del.
«t ilu Siirnrfor Gnurd'* OiTLc* C«lrutL».
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.
VOL I.
INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.
PLATE II.
A
A
SHAHBAZ-dARHI BOCK
Back or W. Pace.
EDICT
I
i
2
4
d
.__
9—
-•—9
10
_._ll
12
*—-/? >/^77^/^^-^7^^,^^ > *^*>^|7%H
A. Cunningham, del.
14
FliotonocogrupKrd at liie SunT^nr Gr-arral'» Ofilr» Calcatta.
CORPUS INSCRiPTI.ON.UW- INBICARUM.
VOL I.
INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA,
PLATE III.
KHALS1 BOCK
E. Face.
--©-•• J»- yB-riSWlU*
dsL
^x " ^ t ? ^ J l 6 - H i l A ^ ^ . -
u
5
.10
10.
.15
^
*
*"
20L
BAO-fW ^ * HDteii
25-
30
^ ^ X T
V f
^
M o J
. ^
x
^
H
-
F
^ ^
^ r
A. Cunningham, del.
fe W
^ ^
b 5A
^i i
i^SS
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.
VOL T.
INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.
PLATE IV.
KHALSI BOCK
N. Face.
S. Pace.
BWCT
a. g 1 0 - y <£ g j ,fed"»*XnJ"DT>6£ U
ioD
'
y
2 0
Oue-ai>th of the Original.
A. Clllinin^hnm, del.
Photonnsogrtpliod atth* Surrryor Geoenla Offix»
CORPUS INSCIUPTiONUM INDICARUM.
INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA
BOCK AT GIEKAE
in Kathiawad
VOL. I
PLATE "V.
>
EDICT I
A * a £+•
EDICT II
EDICT III
h 6k6
X 1, IXAt>AO»6>i
EDICT IV
: ? D'^df
EDICT V
>C I'M b fAira,
D-D1D D^u
One.twe.lth of the Ong.nal
A. Cunningham, del.
»t
t)i«
CORPUS INSCR1PTIONUM INDICARUM.
VOL. I
INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA
PLATE VI.
GIRNAR ROCK
in Kathiawad,
:.
•'£
EDICT VI
/
Xr4=A (juprxj—^Jy ©4"-&cb b <i 1 ^X<SAO\D^B-|-y^
0 - L ^ OV-QLSDJ-uf d^t/o/v^^ur 'fijA^1"O"O SXX/
b ^i'if'O^^Ai't'^S/vd t X Jb^l"O "l"| o«l/ d"n*<foOt"
i-tAf l»Co»*Aw•^/•^'oAJUOT1" ^vS VJXX"!! Oik X/Q (s&hiO
12/
.".p
i4-/>IX6 A
Jr?^5L<5ptP6.PAtfd^ "h Qr'd 6JTL<f6ci*y'A-0*f VA
>A£ WJ ^AO J/D«8A^A A A ?A»rfA'+ t t y £ S A bXX-^XXbcftp Cl
i - I ^ J X ^ C L f X ^ A d ^ d C>>C: f/; 0tf»-A-JX^AAA^)C6
x
/ T I N
u i </
cii j \ i 1 A-TIJ. r Hi* n*^ *? 1*.A rv w t A"T"_A A I-SY\&I
1 / i v n•c•sir*
'
/fi D pX:#A J. AJ>A(<
1 JLIii».kT 1
•^ r£AM* G f /T-fvL-fX^+J^ 0 b fGiX^b *MH/jWUftr
XA><X6>l"hA>iAXbf +-« Xyb6*bfd^ k ^ A A ^ L ^ X ^ - f f
One-twelfth of the Original
CanninghEm, del
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM."
VOL. I
INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA..
PLATE VIII.
DHAULI BOCK
Left Face.
-^,. ;_. FIRST
SEEARATB EDICT.
^
A. Cunningham, del.
FhotomK»gr*pliea at the Surrrror Grnt-ral'» OlTicc Calcutta.
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM
INSCRIPTIONS
INDICARUM.
VOL. I
PLATE I X .
of A3OKA.
DHAULI EOCK
Middle Face.
EDICT
A^^^^
m
J« W / ; j C
4VA>,0t
o-
<
A. Cunningham, del.
Fho1ooncngr«|ilied a t the Survrror GearrsVe Offiro Calcutta.
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM
INSCRIPTIONS
INDICARUM.
VOL
PLATE
of ASOKA.
1
X.
BHAULI ROCK
Right Face;
EDICT
vn
vin
SECOND
SEPARATE
EDICT.
*
^
«
^
J ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
; tU^'.-"..
A. Cunningham, ael,
"I..,
HJ
' ':
Gtmrai's Oi'firr
t'slr
CD
o
o
—
cv*
»0
CO
Q>
i
2
t
S
Sg
o
M 2
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.
VOL I.
PLATE XIV.
INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.
YOI.
BOCK AT SAHASARAM
near Patna.
K.
HOCK AT BITPNATH
neat Jab alp ur.
X.
BOCK AT BAIBAT
near Jaypur.
"'. ;>••""
A. Cunningham,-.d^.i:^,'
Fbolotmcogp»jJied. a t tie Surveyor General's O£fico Oalcattu..
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.
INSCRIPTIONS of.ASOKAi.
VOL I.
XI.
PLATE XV.
ROCK AT BAIRIT
near Jaypur.
3
rfAAX
0, J, cf
LC<b+<f
••«••J'TbJ;
CAYES IH RAMHATE HILL
n e a r S i r g t t j a.
SLAB AT DEOTEK
near Nagpur.
A. CunnmghaTQ, del.
Fhotoiincogr»|i«>a. at tKe Sttrtryur Geaeral'» Office Calcutta..
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.
INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.
VOL I.
PLATE XVI.
CAVES AT BARABAR,
1. Sudama.
3. Kama.
2. Viswa.
INSCRIPTIONS of DASARATHA.
CAVES AT NAGARJUNI.
4. Vapiyaka.
5. Gopika
6. Vadathi.
d -F-fcrf t>
o-H-d'
OiKi-sixtti of the Orit'M.r»!.
•A. Cu'nninghVm,"deU;*
-V
H -the SurTejror Qmccal» Office Calcutta
CORPUS INSCRIPTION™ INDICARUM.
INSCRIPTIONS of AIRA KAJA.
VOL. I
PLATE XVII
XIV
KOCX AT KHAtfDAGIBI
in K a t a k .
dA.r4--JOJ-A.lrl
\
«
fcrtbiforSA-rfLtflfliifrA
. . -
9
• - -A t
!o
10
It
...
- --
12
«t»
1
ilA«ir
14- - .
15
- -
16
- •
.
v TJ
i
'.. ex
17 - -
KHANDAGIRI
CAYES,
1 NAMELESS CAVE.
CAVB.
4 TIGER CAVE.
L A I ft 1*? fl
'
Cp $-&+^ -fc A/ BA>-0 X '
SNAKE CA.YB.
9 VAIKUNTA CAVE.
5 NAMELESS CAVE.
tf x X'-dl'-F f'H f
6 PAWAN CAVE.
A. Cunningham, del.
O
t>
O
<
P
S5
O
i—-I
H
t—i
o
•GQ
w
pq
'liiz.
oo
3 H
bo
C
o
t-3
I—i
PH
w
GQ
O
PH.
-6
ca •!.«
-o a.
7J
•^/ A
6,
i"" ? 5 5 "^
H
^f
©
u^-M
oo
to
2
—
P-.
> "« 5 <o
VOL I.
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.
PLATE XXH
INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.
ALLAHABAD
i
PILLAR.
EDICT i
yfyXJ^AdjU-tmHAd^^
4
i i . . .
. • 5
in . . . .
8
7 Zines cut away by Jahangir's inscription. )
IV. . . _
17
18
v. . . .
A-Auiic^tb-teya^uo-vi-uL^dyo
^Gpffab.g^cra^Wd^a^
SEPARATE EDICTS
One-ninth of the Original.
A. Cunningham, del.
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.
INSCRIPTIONS Of ASOKA.
VOL L
PLATE XXIII.
PILLAR
AT
LAURIYA-ARARAJ
(Radhia.)
SOUTH
EDICT i
_ .. >5J:t5a>
e . . 0=81*02
W-.Hi.liill6^. d'-J-o*Xfd1rAu<a.<nr^b<!b^<bX
in
"jjfiL
iv -
WA-d
One-twelfth of the Original.
Ge>«iU Office
VOL I.
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM,
PLATE XXIV.
INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.
PILLAR
AT
LAURIYA-ARARAJ
(Radhia.)
NOTtTH
EDICT V
^£X*dl vJj)>$i$£ Vd
. * . . U X (OJb (C b"0 (U r4 ^*
ILlr d^)A*3: £ A X d ^ ? *iX
a
xtfil
>rJ-fd ^+iTd
i l l R > l l / l f I* U 1 • VTJ3 . X H4. A^r > 4 - ^ J ? l
6 . > / ! o p O A T d T X ft (JO (<•
1 1 . 1t
biA^O. ^iX ft 1. ^ki
J
1
a..A«J^iai^J!?6(Cx d'<> ?<U UXr1^
bd U> fc£ld HX.U
XAAX^IxbCi^A^ XilH-rj
upP|vui UXffvtL A ( C 1 UXi
vi
..14-.."^£X"GiL VJJMJ"\T$- TT4* H"lr c o r A1 O(C n o ' A X"V D'if»
D"A<y/?"a# ^UA"Hbb*C A* A*
16. Ho-.-UiXA4 «V V A ' b X ^ .
v«A<bixl-fa;^bd3a'«'(b
^ <L^» J/ H AX 0<tU A y X
One-twelfth of the Original.
A. Cunningham, del.
:
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.
VOL I.
INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.
PLATE XXV.
PI
LLAE
AT
LAURIYA-NAVANDGAEH
(Ma t h i a . )
EDICT I __ , . .
)>S± tl
2 . . f>*fcHf U •X/TIJA t-J>AWAfectilidD^H-JLAHAOiD'8-F«AJ,
^tLHAA^^ajHAlrfil HAlLrOVl >fbd.^yy
J D-tf"bT D*8-F8Ad r V ^ i i ^ A i ^ X a ^
\fjfityi
0.v x AJ kA
1 (\
Jt^ I /1 •*! J 1 i
Iw» • O^^ \J^^ CV '
12. .tbdVi'(b'b
in . . . . >5± til t
J4-. . p^i A ' ««
L6Ab*J!xy"X H o d ' A ^ t / i ^ D B"l :-<jjr f%JUL<bb-+'
l6..yWrf<bjJ
iv—
7*61* bib Ci^^•bA-atrcb^tfcbXitO
i/dSU» :.JiO1fcft!T/TliWfi-FW
l
18-. °M/GI<bA (blr^6X((JHJ;AA<Ca;Hrf GWPi
HAl»XaW-<?X-0§+^©
1
UrA+W f J
2o..$-i!(l;XDr» Jj7vld<£fc6£(l*< a t f l b ^ X tr>AdWA'd H-JDliXnJ^f ^ U X
22- • N0-tljfr-<f>i
24-. . ^ I H - J ^ f J
HS-'-AtidB AJX o-KL&FJ^tfit /WAWb bAiP± Xi^*JLV 3 # 1 x X f AfJl
^^Ai'X(UA-iJ!HUllAa?±?lrXCxlX4: L b ^ A -I-<J>X ^^"BVi*
,tiiUA*>Kr^4A6i(Wi<y! « ^ ^ D D ' W I (bx^y^i^rfA^
One-twe!fob of the Original.
A
O i l w n i n DKOYM
At*}
Ehotoannoo^gphed H Hw. JKrrvcycr Oaier»!1* Office (^lcntta.
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM INDICARUM.
VOL I.
INSCRIPTIONS of ASOKA.
PLATE XXVI.
PILLAR
AT
LAURIYA-NAVANDGARH
(Ma t h ia.)
Lr/b
li-J (I» X JbA4-*t?s Ay+"bA/bi aA_b7> tLb<ir?A ll ^A Xc
H i p t A + d - f •I
e . . H £ f X J ! fcr'-Fd At+iCd ArfX!> GiLtfXi
8- .<!»67Ccb<S 2H"b«liA^cb ^JJL^il
1,/^JA<?J>
JiAj£AM'$& X{&
4 AT)
IOC
io- . I C d - f A o l P^AXibApijG-^ XAiX^Ci -f-bCrfAfO JJJ^H'J a;
bAx^
14-. ."U^ll+CiiL Jid fbd <5(U Ai^Crft^AXli > AOb H*A iJ-fOJ UX<
-A
"FO*TX<^1' HO Cr«A
A®"do^&'o Lr<><S ;l/^X*Fil/(b l / C 3 ^
20. .({16C(UrGyJ/oA oouJj^&cb ^d.•*•*!/
HAX
txibAbl
{wwo^bA ( L r o (t»AO(CrT (GAX0 »*»J/ 0* ynj G xT^GA
.*-^i
•
z *• •
'
One^twelfth of thq Original.
A Cunningham, del.
Fliotoxincogr«{li*d. at tht Sm-vcjur General's Office Calcutta..
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM
Ariano-Pali.
ASOKA
COINS
KANISHKA.
250
150
50
B. C,
K
'•h
I
Gh
Ng
ASOKA
B, C.
B. C. 250
ge
ip go
gam
50
An
UJ
s
¥
y
J
d
<f cha
.4
<b chhu
Jh
nyo
n
i
V
/
T
Cc
t
Th
M
P
Dh
l
T
D
r
P
V
f
-h
Ph
f
\ dhr
ni I nam.
h
•h
T
B
phi
°2.br
Bh
T
Ti
M
u
VJ
\
A
(A
i
7
£
L
u
An
T mi
mam
k
A
0
0
o
DO
d
0
i
X
As
u
u
D
a
•
1
n H
H
O O
X
X1 ti ^ t y A-tu
9 thu
b dw f> da J> du
fdhf ^ dhy P H dim
J-, J,. nu 1 i no
0 pa; t pi l^pii"t"C Tipo
"b phe
9 q bu -o- tr bo cr o/bhirjjbhy
if^ ma
cXJ
>/Vyam
^ ru
H
d H Hj le d l
7
u6
b
/
\
^ ta d ti (^ tf
Otha O* thi 9 thu -O the
pfdd
d'dhi
I nS 31 ne £ no
\
1
7
Y
/
\
f
S
Dh
N
X
X
T
Th
o
H
d»
r
f
\
c
o
-f-the +thi
^ chy
E
H
H
v
s
P
PLATE XXVIL
•f^kt
±ky -ifki
*Vkhi I k h y T 1 khu
A1 gi A -A ft go
f
b
% 1 2>che
Chh
Y
KANISHKA.
150
+
\
Ch
Ny
COINS
9
9
6
Indo-Pali.
ALPHABETS
kre
6
Kh
VOL. I .
INDICARUM
^- ram
T\
J
I i
i £ yi Jf yu ^» yu
f ra I ri I- ru
tTla
A
A
3: vri
-J le "l/ lu
vy 4i vy
\
S
n
Sh
S
H
y
i
n
n
/Z. f r Of sp /^ si
T
7*
^ slik
A ft /c\
srn
fcj
&
IT
V\
Aftsm <^sy (j(st r
"lr he t - "0- "Cr ho.
VOWELS
n
a
r
i,
11
a
INITIAL
MEDIAL
i
e
L b^
+ -F
-fc "fe
A. Cuaningham del.
Lithographed at the Surveyor Generai'a Office. Calcutta. January 1877.
ai
o
U
au an ar
me
CORPUS
INSCRIPTIONUM
VOL. I.
INDICARUM.
PLAT 3 XXVIII
ORIGIN OP INDIAN ALPHABET.
GROUP
ASOKA
SEAL
250 8. C.
400 B. i
EGYPTIAN
PICTORIAL FORMS
HlfcRO
= m = digging
n|
mattock = khan — to dig
(~\
gagan — sky, vault of heaven
°
gupha, guha = cave
= b = cave
Y
yoni;
= mons ycneris, with zone
J
jarjhan = mons veneris
A A
d
d>
Ch
Chh
(J
OD
Th
o
Th
o
Dh
DQ
ya, yava = barley
walking
chamas =• spoon
ehhatra = umbrella
= neb = basket
tokra = basket
( C
T
0
A = t:=
O
tha = circle = disk of Sun
o
tha — eye
D
fill arm — a bow
0
= the sun
jr
rfl.
0
Jf
1
B
0 U
D
\J
pdni = hand,pnjd = worship
u J
LJ hdri = enclosure
= kk == adoration
= e = house
x DW-
matsya =
4^\
T
V
N
K
i
+
tdla = fan-palm, ^a/a = span
J
A
vf«a = lute
J^
w<?;»/' = well-frame dis «osa = nose
j^,
Jeattdr = dagger
/J
R
-=z ru = mouth
mukh = mouth
= n = «j^/J-tf, = guitar
rasmi — ray
lavdka = sickle
H
| t = . hansiya — sickle
Sh
jsrava = ear
L achh mi ya
i, sarpa = serpent
VOWELS .
«
B. C,
soo
250
I!
M
if
d
i
H-
L
-
A. Cunningham, del.
Lithogrftphed at the Surveyor General's Office. Calcutta. January 1877.
STONE SEAL
O
Xi
Ew
INSCRIBED ROGXS
PLATE XXIX.
SHAHBAZ-GARHI
FRONT
BACK
KHALSI
GIRNAR
DHAULI
RUENATH
PLAN
Crest of the Kaimur Hills.
1. Ram-kund
2. Lakshman-kd
Sita-kund
Rupnath
Lingam
A. Cunningham, del.
Lithographed at the Survr. Genl'a. Office, Calcutta, April 1876.
PLATE XXX.
UDAYAGIRI
near
BHILSA.
S A N C HI
P I L L A R S
OP
AS OK A
LOHANGI
3 Feet
A. Cunningham, del.
/
Lithographed at the Survr. Genl's. Office, Calcutta, April 1876.
FORT
BHILSA