Warming up

UNIT
5
Warming up
1
Lookatthepicturesbelow.WhichaspectsofBraziliancultureareportrayed?
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2
UnderlinethewordsandexpressionsintheboxbelowthatcanbeusedtorepresentAfricaninfluences
onBrazilianculture.
fishing
martial arts
dances and rituals
3
food
clothing
business
religion
nursery rhymes
percussion
arts
instruments
language
waltz
sports
Workwithaclassmate.Doyoubothhavethesameopinionaboutthewordsinexercise2?Wherecan
theinfluenceofAfricanculturebefoundmoreeasily?Writeyouranswersdown.
Brainstorming
Capoeira is anything and everything we, as individuals and as members of capoeira groups, want it to be.
Mestre Pastinha, a famous capoeirista
What do you think Pastinha meant by this?
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5
Reading and Learning
1
Read the newspaper headlines and check with a classmate what you think they refer to.
Use the words from the box on page 45 (exercise 2) if you need help.
1
2
2
3
A Gastronomical Trip – ‘Feijoada’
The Roots of Brazilian Music
A Short Historical
Introduction to Capoeira
4 Quilombo dos Palmares: Fighting for Freedom!
Skim the following text. From the headlines in exercise 1, which would be the best one for it?
Nowadays, it is thought that slaves from Angola, who were first brought to Brazil in the 16th
as a
century, developed
technique.
Basing their ideas on traditional African dances and rituals, these slaves practiced
in the work-free hours left to them, thus training both
for combat situations. As the slave-masters forbade any kind of martial
and
.
art, it was cloaked in the guise of an innocent-looking recreational
In the 17th century, escaped slaves founded a number of quilombos (hidden slave-governed
territories), in which the art of capoeira was further perfected.
The inhabitants of Palmares, the largest of the quilombos, fought a decade-long war against
, but it also
their colonial oppressors. Capoeira was used not only in direct
inspired the battle strategy itself. [...]
of capoeira in Brazil remained
The official
even after slavery was abolished in 1888. Capoeira was nevertheless
practiced by the poorer population on public holidays, during workfree hours and similar occasions. Riots, caused also by police
interference, were common.
were almost successful
Persecution and
in eradicating capoeira from the streets of Brazil by the 1920s.
In spite of the ban, Master Bimba and Master Pastinha founded
the first capoeira schools in Salvador, Bahia, in 1941. Master Bimba
Master Pastinha
, the regional capoeira
created a new
(as opposed to the traditional Angola capoeira), by incorporating new moves and techniques and
was finally successful in convincing the authorities of the cultural value of capoeira.
Based on http://brazilianmusic.com/capoeira/ and www.articlesbase.com/martial-arts-articles/an-introduction-to-capoeira-938654.html.
Accessed on December 2nd, 2009.
3
Complete the blanks in the text with words from the box below.
mind
capoeira (2x)
prohibition
body
self-defense
style
combat
dance
punishment
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5
4
5
Answerthequestionsaccordingtothetext.
1
Where were the first slaves brought to Brazil from?
2
When did slaves found the quilombos?
3
When was slavery abolished in Brazil?
4
Who created a capoeira style that was opposed to the traditional one?
Thetextuseslinkingwordstoconnecttheideaspresented.Underlinetheminthetext.Whatdothey
express?Completethetable.
Addition
Contrast
Conclusion
Reason
What other linking words can you remember? Add them to each column.
Capoeira has spread its roots all over the world. Go to www.capoeirista.com and check the capoeira
school section. Where are people having Capoeira classes in the world?
6
Readthetextbelowandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.
Welcome to the
University of Birmingham Capoeira Society website.
This site is updated regularly with the latest news and details about the
society and information on events coming up in the future.
For any more info and anything else you would like to see on the site,
just contact us at [email protected]
Extracted from www.capsoc.page.tl/Home.htm. Accessed on December 3rd, 2009.
1
What kind of text is it?
a newspaper article
a book review
an internet page
2
Where is the University of Birmingham
Capoeira Society? Check the e-mail address
and choose the best answer.
in the United States
3
Who would probably contact the University
of Birmingham Capoeira Society for further
information?
Everyone who lives abroad.
People who live in the UK and would
like to learn about this technique.
Disabled people who understand that
capoeira can be of benefit to their
well-being.
in the United Kingdom
7
WhatotherinfluencesofAfricanculture
canbetakenfromBraziltoothercountries?
Discusswithaclassmate.
more about the University of Birmingham
Capoeira Society at www.capsoc.page.tl/
Home.htm
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5
Language in Use
African Words in English and Portuguese
Most English words come from Saxon and Germanic languages, but you can find some words that were
borrowed from African languages as the result of British colonial settlements and military actions on
the continent. Scholars are still tracing African vocabulary and documenting the many Africanisms in
the English language.
1
Work with a classmate. Read these sentences and underline the words you believe were borrowed
from African languages. Do you have the same opinion?
1
My neighbor cooked an amazing dish
with curried fish wrapped in banana
leaves.
5
I was going to visit my cousin, but he advised me
to wait until winter. The dengue epidemic is still
a worry there.
2
When I was a child I tried learning how to
play the bongo and the banjo, but after a
few classes I gave up.
6
Johnson: Are you into jazz or blues?
3
We didn’t see many animals at the zoo
this morning. But the chimpanzees are
always playing around and doing funny
things! Oh, and the giraffes and zebras
were so cute!
7
We started our ballroom dancing classes.
The first style we learned was the jive.
It was funny and stuff, but I can’t wait until
we learn the conga, the mambo and the
merengue!
4
Waiter:
8
When we were in Louisiana, we ate a lot of okra.
Most dishes are made with this vegetable.
9
I love a good horror movie! Specially if there are
zombies in it!
Can I get you anything
to drink?
Customer 1: I’ll have a cola.
Customer 2: Coffee for me.
2
3
James:
I love Miles Davis, but I can’t say I’m
into this or that musical style.
Can you think of any Portuguese words that may be originally from African languages? Get together
with a classmate and write down as many words as you can think of.
Read the sentences below. What’s the meaning of the highlighted words? Do they look like any word in
your native language?
... because of the limited resources the capoeira instructors had to assign priorities so that the project could
go on...
... the NGO president wanted to know the agenda for this week...
... a good leader must answer immediately in case there’s an exigency...
‘False cognates’ are words that have a similar meaning or spelling but a different linguistic origin.
Example: have (English) and haver (Portuguese). They don’t have the same linguistic origin.
‘False friends’ are words that have similar sounds or spelling but different meanings.
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5
4
5
6
7
Canyouidentifyandunderlinethefalsefriendsinthesentencesbelow?Whichwordsshouldhave
beenusedinstead?
1
I used to live in the southern part of the city. Actually I live in the northern part.
2
She called Mark three times, but nobody attended the phone.
3
She told the doctor about the problem and he was very comprehensive.
4
That new student is really exquisite. He doesn’t look at you when you talk to him.
5
When we were kids, my sister used to push my hair.
6
My mother always cries when she watches sad movies. She is very sensible.
Underlinethephrasalverbsinthesentencesbelow.Workwithaclassmateandtrytoguess
theirmeanings.
1
According to a recent research, African descendants make up about a quarter of the total population of
Latin America.
2
He is trying to figure out what he is going to say at the Black Consciousness Day parade next month.
3
Many travel agencies in Rio de Janeiro have decided to take on more African descendants to work as
interpreters at the World Cup.
4
The market for African-Brazilian cosmetics has taken off.
Theparticlesbelowarecommonlyusedtoformphrasalverbs.Matchthemwiththeirmeanings.
1
up
move away
2
down
return; refer to the past
3
out
move upwards; increase; complete
4
in / into
touch; continue
5
off
indicate motion; transfer; continue
6
on
move downwards; decrease; end
7
away
not being inside; exclude
8
back
move inside; include
Completethesentencesbelowwithoneoftheverbsinthebox.Underlinetheparticles.
shut
came
got
keep
1
In 1928, when samba schools were created, the music and form
African heavy drums.
2
Brazilian music
3
African slaves brought their rhythms to Brazil. However, they had to ‘
while working.
4
After 500 years of history, Brazilian artists
back the original
into being after the middle of the 18th century, when it was folkloric.
out the noise’
on creating new styles and rhythms.
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5
Listening and Speaking
1
2
10
Lookatthepicture.Doyouknowwherethisplaceis?
HaveyoueverheardofNovosAlagados?ListentoJuneandPietro,twouniversitystudentswhoare
onanexchangeprograminBrazil.CheckthethingsJunementions.
She’s studying at a university in Salvador.
There are projects going on in Novos Alagados.
The NGO has been working in Novos Alagados for 25 years.
Cluberê is a prize Novos Alagados received.
People in Novos Alagados live in extreme poverty with terrible sanitary conditions.
3
Checkthecorrectanswer,accordingtothedialog.
1
Primeiro de Maio is
the day when they celebrate the 25th anniversary of Novos Alagados.
an institution that has worked in Novos Alagados for 25 years.
2
People live in
houses in Novos Alagados.
wooden
copper
3
Lesson tutoring is an example of
what is offered for children and teens in Novos Alagados by Cluberê.
what is offered at school in Novos Alagados.
4
10
Listentotheconversationoncemore.MarkTfortrue,FforfalseandNIifnoinformationisgiven.
Novos Alagados is a shanty town in Rio de Janeiro.
There are many social projects going on in Brazil.
The population in Novos Alagados live in inhuman conditions.
Cluberê is a project which assists children and adolescents in Novos Alagados.
People from all over the world have helped the community in Novos Alagados.
more about the project of AVSI in Novos Alagados at
www.avsi.org/en/documenti/EducazioneNovosAlagados_en.pdf
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5
Work with a classmate. Follow the model and use the expressions from the box to give your opinion
about the information given.
Do you know anything about...?
No, not really. But I think...
Have you heard of / about...?
Not much, but I’ve heard that...
No, do you? / have you? What is it? / Who is he / she?
In fact, I do / have. It / He / She’s...
Absolutely! It’s...
1
Favela É Isso Aí / aims at reducing discrimination
A: Do you know anything about Favela É Isso Aí?
B: Not much, but I’ve heard that it was a result of Guia Cultural
de Vilas e Favelas and aims at reducing discrimination.
2
Carolina Maria de Jesus / lived in slums and wrote
the book Child of the Dark (Quarto de despejo)
3
Museu AfroBrasil / located in São Paulo / more than
5,000 pieces in exhibition
4
André Ramiro / Brazilian actor / starred films
5
Olodum / formed in 1979
6
Vatapá / a typical African-Brazilian dish made with
shrimp and coconut milk
Grammar in Use
1
Read the following paragraph and choose the most appropriate answer.
Brazil is a country with countless African influences on its culture and customs.
With 70 million people of African descent living in the country, Brazil has the ‘second largest black
population on Earth’.
1
The words in bold are
pronouns.
2
is a definite article and
a – an / the
2
a verb.
an article.
as just indefinite.
as either definite or indefinite.
They are characterized
as just definite.
4
adverbs.
They are used with
a noun.
3
articles.
are indefinite articles.
the – a / an
an – the / a
Is the following information true (T) or false (F)?
A definite article refers to a specific or particular noun.
An indefinite article is used with a singular non-specific noun.
A definite article is not used with a plural noun.
The indefinite article is used to refer to any particular person or thing.
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5
3
CompletethistextaboutsingerTeresaCristinawiththecorrectarticle.
Ifnoarticleisnecessary,writeX.
For quite some people, Teresa Cristina is samba’s hope for
relatively young singer (born in 1968) made
future.
impressive debut for
large audience with
double album A Música de Paulinho da Viola in 2002.
Teresa Cristina has
longer history in
samba than that album,
though, mainly by her frequent appearances in Rio’s uplifted Lapa neighborhood.
On her 2004 release A Vida Me Fez Assim,
again and even composed
few lovely sambas for that album. [...]
Teresa’s record company thought
larger audience,
course
singer confirmed expectations
time was ripe to show their fruitful star to
even
audience of DVD watchers. For those who prefer just to listen, there’s of
CD too.
music is taped in Niterói,
Rio’s beautiful bay. It may seem less obvious to record
Teatro Municipal de Niterói happens to be
city on
other side of
spirit of Lapa there. However,
absolutely beautiful piece of
theater architecture, which also means it suits perfectly as background for
traditional
DVD. [...]
Extracted from www.musicabrasileira.org/teresacristina/tcgsaovivo.html. Accessed on February 9th, 2010.
4
Lookatthepictures,readthedialogsandanswerthequestions.
A: I need to buy a gift for my sister.
It’s her birthday tomorrow.
A: I went to a Brazilian restaurant
yesterday.
B: Why don’t you visit that new
shop? They seem to have lots of
interesting and different things.
B: Oh, really? What did you have?
A: The one down the street? That
sells African products?
A: Well, I tried acarajé, caruru and
moqueca.
B: Yeah, I bought a very nice
necklace there.
B: You knew these are all very spicy
dishes, didn’t you?
A: What else do they have?
A: Actually... I didn’t! I liked them, but
the acarajé was hot. I think it was the
hottest one!
1
How many things are being compared in both dialogs?
one
2
two
B: Vases, bags, shirts, belts, lots of
things!
A: Good idea. I think a vase would
be a great gift. My sister is
decorating her house, it’s going to
be the most useful gift. Thanks for
the tip!
more than two
In dialog 1, which adjective is used to describe the acarajé? And to compare it to the other
dishes?
3
In dialog 2, which structure is used to express that the vase is the best gift?
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5
The superlative of adjectives follows a similar rule as for the comparative: add - est for
short adjectives and use the most with long adjectives.
5
Read the prompts and write complete sentences. Use the pictures to help you with your answers.
Follow the model.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
Saci-Pererê / Chibamba / Negrinho do Pastoreio — famous legend in Brazilian folklore
Saci-Pererê is the most famous legend in Brazilian folklore.
2
maracatu / forró / samba — fast rhythm people can dance to
3
regional capoeira / Angola capoeira / contemporary capoeira — old capoeira style
4
sakara / goje / berimbau — popular African musical instrument in Brazil
5
mancala / yoté / morabala — interesting board game
6
quindim / cocada / cuscuz — sweet dessert
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