Biodynamic Cow Pit

Biodynamic Agriculture, Composts, Preps, Cow Pat
Pit, by Christina Chang “Lokelani ‘Ohana Farm”
What is Biodynamic Agriculture?
In the early 1920's a group of practicing farmers, concerned with the decline of the soil,
sought the advice of Dr. Rudolf Steiner, founder of anthroposophy, who had spent all his
life researching and investigating the forces that regulate life and growth. From a series of
lectures and conversations held at Koberwitz, Germany, in June 1924, there emerged the
fundamental principles of biodynamic farming and gardening, a unified approach to
agriculture that relates the ecology of the earth-organism to that of the entire cosmos.
This approach has been under development in many parts of the world ever since.
Dr. Ehrenfried Pfeiffer, who worked with Dr. Steiner during the formative period, brought
biodynamic concepts to the United States in the 1930s. It was during this period that the
Biodynamic Farming and Gardening Association were founded in 1938.
If the results of the Biodynamic approach may be found in the quality of produce, the
health of land and livestock, and the freedom from environmental problems increasingly
generated by many modern farming methods, what of the approach itself? What
distinguishes it from other agricultural attitudes and techniques?
•
Essentially, biodynamic farming and gardening looks upon the soil and the
farm as living organisms. It regards maintenance and furtherance of soil
life as a basic necessity if the soil is to be preserved for generations, and it
regards the farm as being true to its essential nature if it can be conceived
of as a kind of individual entity in itself — a self-contained individuality. It
begins with the ideal concept of the necessary self-containedness of the
farm and works with furthering the life of the soil as a primary means by
which a farm can become a kind of individuality that progresses and
evolves.
•
The maintenance of soil life is vital also in order to protect the soil from
erosion and to create, improve, and augment the humus content. The
result will be a fine, crumbly structure containing the necessary organic
colloids. This leads to the production of high-quality crops, which in turn
means better feed for livestock and better food for human beings.
•
http://www.biodynamics.com
Biodynamic Farming Practices
Biological Practices, Dynamic Practices
•
•
•
•
•
Green manures
Special compost preparations
Cover cropping
Special foliar sprays
Composting
Planting by calendar
Companion planting Peppering for pest control
Integration of crops and livestock
• Homeopathic Tillage and cultivation
Radionics
Biodynamic Compost
•
Biodynamic compost is a fundamental component of the biodynamic
method; it serves as a way to recycle animal manures and organic wastes,
stabilize nitrogen, and build soil humus and enhance soil health.
•
Biodynamic compost is unique because it is made with BD preparations
502-507. Together, the BD preparations and BD compost may be
considered the cornerstone of biodynamics.
•
Here again, "biological" and "dynamic" qualities are complementary:
biodynamic compost serves as a source of humus in managing soil health
and biodynamic compost emanates energetic frequencies to vitalize the
farm.
Biodynamic Preps
•
A distinguishing feature of biodynamic farming is the use of nine
biodynamic preparations described by Steiner for the purpose of
enhancing soil quality and stimulating plant life. They consist of mineral,
plant, or animal manure extracts, usually fermented and applied in small
proportions to compost, manures, the soil, or directly onto plants, after
dilution and stirring procedures called dynamizations.
•
The original biodynamic (BD) preparations are numbered 500-508. The
BD 500 preparation (horn-manure) is made from cow manure
(fermented in a cow horn that is buried in the soil for six months
through autumn and winter) and is used as a soil spray to stimulate root
growth and humus formation. The BD 501 preparation (horn-silica) is
made from powdered quartz (packed inside a cow horn and buried in
the soil for six months through spring and summer) and applied as a
foliar spray to stimulate and regulate growth. The next six preparations,
BD 502-507, are used in making compost.
•
Finally, there is BD preparation 508 which is prepared from the silicarich horsetail plant (Equisetum arvense) and used as a foliar spray to
suppress fungal diseases in plants.
THE BD COMPOST PREPARATIONS ARE LISTED BELOW
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
No. 500 Cow Horn Manure
No. 501 Cow Horn Silicea
No. 502 Yarrow blossoms (Achillea millefolium)
No. 503 Chamomile blossoms (Chamomilla officinalis)
No. 504 Stinging nettle (whole plant in full bloom) (Urtica dioca)
No. 505 Oak bark (Quercus robur)
No. 506 Dandelion flowers (Taraxacum officinale)No.
No. 507 Valerian flowers (Valeriana officinalis)Biodynamic preparations are
intended to help moderate and regulate biological processes as well as enhance
and strengthen the life (etheric) forces on the farm. The preparations are used in
homeopathic quantities, meaning they produce an effect in extremely diluted
amounts. As an example, just 1/16th ounce—a level teaspoon—of each compost
preparation is added to seven- to ten-ton piles of compost.
No. 508 Casurina Tea
• The traditional manner in which the biodynamic compost is
made is rather exacting.
• After the compost windrow is constructed, Preparations 502506 are strategically placed 5-7 feet apart inside the pile, in
holes poked about 20 inches deep. Preparation No. 507, or
liquid valerian, is applied to the outside layer of the compost
windrow by spraying or hand watering.
Summary of BD Materials
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Preparation Number Material Unit Size
Procedure
Effects
500 Horn Manure 1 oz. sufficient for 1 acreStir for 1 hour Promotes roots,
stimulates soil, encourages lush growth, aids germination.
501 Horn Silica
1 gram sufficient for 1 acre Stir for 1 hour Promotes
photosynthesis, flowers and fruits, aids flavor, color, aroma, keeping quality.
Horn Clay 5 gm sufficient for 1 acre
Stir for 1 hour Mediates between growth
poles, promotes balance
502 to 507 Compost Preps
1 oz each for 10-15 T compost
Insert into pile,
sprinkle diluted valerian over pile Builds digestive and formative properties of
soil when compost is added
Pfeiffer Compost Starter 1 oz. sufficient for whole season, add in small amounts
Sprinkle in warmed water, let incubate for 20 minutes Adds vital forces to
compost, enhances digestive ability of soil
BC Barrel Compost 1 oz sufficient for 1 acre Stir for 1 hour Stir for 1 hour
508 Equisetum 1 oz in 1 quart Make boiled tea, dilute 1:10, may stir 20 minutes
Prevents fungus, toughens plant tissues
The development of the Barrel compost grew out of concern
with pollution of Strontium 90 from atmospheric atomic
bomb tests in 1958. Maria Thun and Dr. Ehrenfried Pfeiffer
collaborated trialing various substances then cultivating
plants. An unambiguous result was obtained by growing
plants with eggshells and ground basalt; the plants did not
incorporate or store any radioactive Stontium 90. They then
set about a way to bring these two substances to the
biodynamic farm. Further experiments and trials saw the
development of the barrel compost.
Lokelani Ohana Waihe’e Farm
Cow Pat Pit Class July 16, 2010
Cow Pat Pit is known as CPP and is a specialized type of compost
referring to cow manure mixed with crushed egg shell and basalt
dust then put into a 12 inch deep pit lined with bricks. The dung
is fermented, together with the preps 502-507, for a period of 3 to
4 months. It is applied in the evenings during the cooler months.
Although the barrel compost is made in a similar fashion all
around the world the quantities of compost preparations, egg
shells and basalt used vary, with the amount of manure being
around 50 liters.
•
Peter Proctor has developed its use especially on larger farms in Australia
and NZ where there is little compost used. In India he has developed
wide usage of the preparation.
•
His documentary “One Man, One Cow, One Planet” is an inspirational
journey through India using biodynamics to restore the soil, plant life and
human lives after GMO and chemical agriculture was introduced which
had destructive influences in both soil and lives.
•
CPP is a very effective way of spreading the influence of the compost preparations
502-507 over a large area of farmland, orchard or garden.
•
60 kgs of cow dung gives about 30-35 kgs of CPP after fermentation. When it is
mature, it is mixed with water at the rate of 1kg in 40 litres of water per acre. This
means one CPP pit should be enough to cover 40 acres. It should be stirred for at
least 10 minutes as this encourages good bacteria development.
•
For larger areas the greater amount of liquid can be stirred in a 200 litre drum with
the tripod stirring arrangement or with the Virbela flowform for 15 minutes before
using.
•
It can be sprinkled or sprayed over the land. If it is sprayed onto trees or foliage, it
should be first strained through a fine mesh.
•
Uses of CPP
The well made CPP has within it all the energies associated with the biodynamic
preparations 502-507. It will also contain a wide range of beneficial fungi and
bacteria and growth promoting hormones, which can be very helpful in many
areas of agriculture and horticulture. It has a wide range of uses.
•
Use as a ground spray at 1kgs per acre CPP to 40 litres of water.
Soak overnight prior to application, stir for 10 minutes, if necessary strain
through a cotton cloth, and spray as required.
•
Stir with preparation BD500 at 25gms BD500 to 100gm-1kg CPP.
Add during the last 15 minutes of stirring.
•
Use as a soil inoculants over land being converted to BD/organic management.
•
Use as a soil or foliar feed on all crops at all stages except close to harvest. It can
be sprayed every 7 or 14 days. Best sprayed in the evenings.
•
Excellent for all field crops, i.e. wheat, lucern, paddy and potatoes.
Also mangos, papaya, all tropical fruits and citrus, apples, stone fruit, avocados,
grapes, coffee and tea.
•
Use on the soil around all fruit trees as a soil inoculants or soil conditioner. Use
before any mulching is applied around the trees.
•
When used as a foliar feed on all fruit trees, it will strengthen the plants against
possible fungus or insect attack. Apply every 14 days before and after flowering.
•
Stir with any liquid manures at approx. 50gm CPP per gallon.
•
Dissolve in water and use as a liquid manure in its own right.
•
Take a handful of CPP, add water to make a slurry and apply as pruning paste to stop bleeding and help healing.
•
Apply CPP slurry to the barks of trees to stimulate cambium growth.
This strengthens the bark and brings the good soil micro organisms up onto the tree.
•
Use to dip roots of all young trees, shrubs, or grapes prior to planting.
This will encourage new root development.
•
Soak seeds in CPP slurry overnight before sowing. If not overnight, soak for at least 30 minutes, dry off, and sow
immediately.
•
Soak seed potatoes for 1 hour before planting.
Dip potatoes and dry before planting.
This seems to help control late blight.
•
Cuttings can be soaked in CPP slurry overnight to enhance root development.
•
Use as one component of the sequence of BD sprays of BD500, BD501, and
CPP in which BD502-507 have been incorporated.
•
It can be used to inoculate compost heaps where there is a shortage of
biodynamic preparations.
•
Use 1kg of CPP in 40 litres of water for each 5 metres of compost and pour
into holes along the top of the heap. http://www.biodynamics.in/CPP.htm
Home Garden Barrel Compost
This was developed by Deb Cantrill and the Adelaide Hills Biodynamic
Group to encourage and enable home gardeners to have their own supply
thus increasing its frequency of use on the home garden.
To make the Home Garden Barrel Compost:
Cut out the Bottom of the Container Terracotta pot
Gather .10 litres (1 bucket) good quality firm cow manure
1 x 2 gram biodynamic compost set
125 gm Fine rock dust e.g. fish creek
50 gm ground egg shells
•
Method
•
Dig a hole 150cm deep and place bottomless container in hole and back fill up sides of container.
•
Mix cow manure, rock dust and egg shells using a hand kneading action for 1 hour. You will
observe quite a change.
•
Place manure mix in container, add compost preparations as per usual. Cover manure with a damp
sack. Cover container with waterproof lid.
•
After 1 month fork over manure, smooth out and cover again. Check every 4 weeks or so. It should
be ready in 3 months. Remove to storage container and store as per 500.
•
Preparing the Barrel Compost for use
•
CCP is generally applied in the afternoon. For a home garden take 20gm and place in 5 litres warm
water. Stir as per 500 for 20 minutes and apply to selected area as per 500.
Acknowledgements & Links
Mahalo to Patrick Moser for being my mentor http://patsbdfarm.com
http://www.jpibiodynamics.org Thanks to Hugh Courtney for all the Preps
onemanonecow.com
Peter Proctor Biodynamic Association of India E-mail: [email protected]
http://bodynamics.com
Adelaide Hills Bio-dynamic Group http://adelaidebiodynamic.com
National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service attra.ncat.org
http://www.steinerbooks.org/htt
Lokelani ‘Ohana Waihe’e Farm www.lokelaniohana.org