“ITAIPU Binacional: Electrical Integration, Regional Technological

Cooperation for Water, Energy, and Food Security in
Transboundary Basins under Changing Climate
“ITAIPU Binacional: Electrical Integration, Regional
Technological Development and Sustainability”
Nelton Miguel Friedrich
Jorge Habib Hanna El Khouri
Gustavo Ovelar Rojas
ITAIPU BINACIONAL
Ho Chi Minh –Vietnam
April 2-3, 2014
Integración generando energía y desarrollo
RESUMEN
 The ITAIPU Project
 Itaipu Environment
 Regional Development
 Environment Responsibility Actions
 Final Considerations
THE ITAIPU PROJECT
ITAIPU POWER PLANT
ITAIPU POWER PLANT
BINATIONAL POWER PLANT
– Brazil/Paraguay
INSTALLED CAPACITY:
– 14,000 MW
20 x 700 MW units
RUN-OF-RIVER PLANT
– Inflow: 11,721 m3/s
– Active Volume: 19,000 hm3
– Lake Area: 1,350 Km2
MAXIMUM GENERATION
– 98.6 TWh (2013)
BRASIL AND PARAGUAY
BRAZIL
• Idiom: Portuguese
• Surface: 8,511,965 km²
• 2013 GNP: US$ 2,673 billion
• 2013 Energy Consumption: 464 TWh
PARAGUAY
•
•
•
•
Idiom: Spanish
Surface: 406,752 km²
2013 GNP: US$ 26,9 billion
2013 Energy Consumption : 12,5 TWh
Brazil
60Hz
Paraguay
50Hz
ITAIPU CHALLENGES
 Final Solution for a Border Dispute;
 Legal Engineering;
 Project Finance;
 Integration Model based on fairness and respect to
asymmetries between countries;
 Congress of both Countries guarantee the Legal Security
of the Binational Treaty
ITAIPU Treaty
Ownership of the Plant
ITAIPU belongs to ELETROBRÁS and ANDE which equally share its assets.
ITAIPU´s Mandate
Both countries give the right to ITAIPU to exploit the hydroelectric resources
of the Parana river, on the forementioned part, during the validity period of
the Treaty.
Borders
The installations and civil works erected in compliance with the Treaty shall
cause no variation in the border between the two countries, nor a country
will have property or jurisdiction rights over any portion of the other
country´s territory.
ITAIPU Tariff
Payment of interest and amortization of loans (service of debt);
CHARGES OF THE TREATY
Payment of:
(i) Royalties
(ii) compensation for the use of the Paraguayan half of ITAIPU’s energy
(iii) supervisory charges to ANDE and ELETROBRÁS
(iv) interest on the capital, to ANDE and ELETROBRÁS
Amount necessary to cover exploitation costs. Operational, management
and corporate costs included;
The yearly expenses must match revenue;
Costs will be distributed in portion to contracted power.
TIME LINE
1966
1973
1974
1991
1998
2007
Iguaçu
Act
Itaipu
Treaty
Establishment
Itaipu Binacional
Operation 18th Unit
Bids for Units
9A and 18A
Operation
Unit 18A
66 67 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
DIPLOMATICAL LANDMARKS
FEASIBILITY STUDIES / BASIC PROJECT
EXECUTIVE PROJECT
MAIN CIVIL WORKS
EQUIPMENTS
COMPLEMENTARY WORKS
OPERATION
66 67 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
1975
1984
2006
Beginning of
Construction
Operation First Unit
Operation Unit 9A
RESOURCES FOR ITAIPU CONSTRUCTION
 99.2% of direct investments were obtained by means of loans and
financing;
 The Brazilian government sponsored 100% of ITAIPU construction
funding;
 The Brazilian National Treasury provided all the guarantees for
loans;
 Debts underwent successive renegotiations and restructurings, being
the definitive in 1997.
CONTEXT OF ITAIPU’S CONSTRUCTION PERIOD
 Oil Crisis and changes in the international arena;
 End of accelerating growth of the Brazilian economy;
 Increase in international interest rates: crisis of the foreign debt;
 History of indebtedness.
ITAIPU FACTS
Itaipu supplies 17% of all the electrical energy consumed in Brazil and 72%
of the electrical energy consumed by Paraguay;
The operating income is $ 3.3 billion, of which 62% goes to debt payment,
15% payment of royalties and Annex C and 23% for operational costs;
Itaipu's debt will be completely repaid in 2023, as planned in Exhibit "C" of
the Treaty;
All commitments are strictly on time.
ITAIPU CORPORATE STRUCTURE
Administration Council
Executive Board
General Directors
Directorates
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
Finance
Technical
Coordination
Legal
2
Administrative
(1) Executive Director
(2) Director
ITAIPU’s Mission
To generate quality electric power with social
and environmental responsibility, thus
contributing to the social, economic, touristic
and technological sustainable development in
Brasil and in Paraguay.
ITAIPU AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
BRAZILIAN TRANSMISSION NETWORK
4,394.7 km
4,319.4 km
POWER PLANTS IN THE PARANÁ RIVER BASIN
ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN BRASIL
Installed Capacity per Source
Gás
11%
Oil
5,954%
Electrical Energy Production
Nuclear
1.557%
Thermal
17%
Coal
2,651%
Sugar Cane
7,306%
Wind
1,910%
Hidro*
68%
Hidro Others
62%
Itaipu +
Imports
17%
Biomass
1,627%
128 GW
79% Renewable
Source: Aneel – Generation Information Data
527.066 GWh
79% Renewable
*Itaipu with 50% (7.000 MW)
Nuclear
2.931%
Wind
0,751%
ENERGY CONSUMPTION - GWh
Countries
Argentina
Brasil
Chile
Paraguay
Uruguay
1973
25.314
53.767
8.934
273
2.289
2011
138.590
568.760
63.160
11.510
10.800
Source: http://www.olade.org/sites/default/files/publicaciones/PLEGABLE2012-SEC.pdf
BINATIONAL POWER PLANTS IN MERCOSUL
ITAIPU
Brazil/Paraguay
14,000 MW
CORPUS
Argentina/Paraguay
2,880 MW
YACYRETÁ
Argentina/Paraguay
3,200 MW
GARABI
Argentina/Brazil
1,500 MW
In Operation
Planned
SALTO GRANDE
Argentina/Uruguay
1,890 MW
ELECTRICAL ENERGY INTEGRATION IN SOUTH AMERICA
 Energy Integration in Europe is a reality
for more than 60 years;
 Low power consumption in South America;
 98,224 MW Media - 1,674 kWh per capita
per year;
 6.4% of total electrical energy are
produced in different countries of the
consumer.
 Brazil is connected with Venezuela,
Paraguay (Itaipu and ACARAY), Argentina
(Garabi and Uruguaiana) and Uruguay.
 In Central America there is the Electric
Interconnection System for Central
America (SIEPAC) which integrates six
countries, with 1800 km of lines from
Guatemala to Panama.
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
500 kV PROJECT FOR PARAGUAY
Work financed by FOCEM with the
contribution from the government of Brazil:
•
•
•
Itaipu’s role: responsible
for implementation
• Specification
• Procurement
• Management
• Inspection
Extension of the Right Bank Substation in
Itaipu;
500 kV Transmission Line (350 km);
Complete 500 kV Power Substation in
Asuncion;
ITAIPU TECHNOLOGICAL PARK - PTI
ELECTRICAL VEHICLE PROJECT - PARTNERSHIPS
ITAIPU RENEWABLE ENERGY PLATFORM
Solar Energy
Biofuels
Wind Energy
Energetic Landfill
Suinocultura
Avicultura
Agroindústria
ITAIPU Renewable Energy
Platform
Electrical Service
Car
Sustainable development with the use of
solar, wind, biomass and hydrogen
Hidro Power
Plant
Hidrogen - PTI
Electrical Vehicle
Iguaçu Star Milk – Céu
Azul
Colombari Biogas
Biogas Ouro Verde
Vila Shalon Foz do
Iguaçu
ITAIPU RENEWABLE ENERGY PLATFORM
Pipeline
Biogas
Filtro
de Filter
Biogás
Biodigester
Ajuricaba
Agroenergy
Condominium
Generator
SUPPORT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
UNIVERSITY FOR LATIN AMERICAN INTEGRATION
Conceptual Design
Library
Restaurant
Classroons
Laboratories
Administration
Theater
ITAIPU ROLE TO THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
 Shares Social Responsibility
Health on the Border
Childhood and Teenagers Protection
Solidary Energy
Work Incentive Program
 Tourism Development
Guided tours into the Power Station
Monumental Lighting
Biological Sanctuary
Spawning Park
 Income Generation and Employment
Family Farming / Organic Farming
Pisciculture
Medicinal Plants
ENVIRONMENTAL
RESPONSABILITY ACTIONS
CULTIVANDO ÁGUA BOA (Farming Good Water)
Cultivating Good Water - Principles
Ethics of Care – we care for what we love
The Earth Charter - Principles
1- Respect and care for the community
2- Ecologic integrity
3- Social and economic justice
4- Democracy and peace
The millennium goals
Treaty on Environmental Education for Sustainable Societies and
Global Responsibility
 Eco Rio 92
 Agenda 21
 Global Pact
 Brazilian Public Policies
 National Conference on Environment
 Hydro Resources National Plan
Water for all
Water for life
Basin Management
150
Selected Micro Basins
PREVIOUS CONCEPT:
BORDERS ALONG THE
CITIES
CURRENT CONCEPT:
BORDERS ALONG THE
BASINS
Paraná 3 Hydro Basin
70
Recovered Micro Basins
1 Million inhabitants
29 Municipalities
Steps of the Implementation Process
Every micro basin follows the same methodology
Selection of the
micro basin
Partnership
settlement
Community
awareness
Water pacts
Management committee
composion
Future
workshops
Signature of the
agreement
Follow up and
validation
INOVATIVE SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT TOOLS
Workshop for the Future 232 workshops
The Wailing Wall
The Tree of Hope
A Path Ahead
WATER PACT CHARTER
LOCAL AGENDA 21
Participation of the concerned
communities and Management
Committees in a Pact to improve
quality of life and of water.
Already done in 21 communities
BASIN MANAGEMENT – Colective Initiatives
1.259,50 h
No Tillage
Land drainage
7.243,44 ha
Soil Conservation
117
Green Fertilization
Water Community
Supply Centers
445,71 t
Fertilizers correct
destination
132
Manure distribuitors
Spring waters restoration
2.562.416
1.053
Trees planted in
the protected belts
Farmers and
technicians capacitated
574,81 km
Upgrading Roads
847,32 km
Established fences
DAIRY
DAIRY
BASIN MANAGEMENT - Individual Initiatives
SHED
SHED
HOUSE
HOUSE
2.530
4.903
Accomplished
diagnoses and
projects
RIVERINE
FOREST
RIVERINE
FOREST
DIAGNOSIS
EXECUTIVE PROJECTS
 Concept: Adjustments of
environmental problems
RIPARIAN
FOREST
Dairy
Being
accomplished
HOUSE
 Proposal: Adoption of 1
Microbasin in every city in
the Parana 3 Basin
PIG FARM
PASTURES
BARE SOIL
MANAGEMENT BASED
ON HYDROGRAPHIC
BASINS
WASTE
RURAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – 5 PRINCIPLES



RURAL EXTENSION AND TECHNICAL
ASSISTENCE NETWORK
SUPPORT THE AGRO BUSINESSMEN ORGANIZATIONS
SUPORT AND ENCOURAGE TECNOLOGIC
DEVELOPMENT (RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT)‫‏‬


QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION
COMMERCIALIZATION AND MARKETING
AGRO-INDUSTRIES
19 AGRO-INDUSTRIES
- 9 IMPLEMENTED PROJECTS
- 10 PROJECTS (5 IN THE SETTLEMENTS OF LANDLESS
AGRICULTURAL LABORERS)
12 MUNICIPALITIES
1.533 BENEFITED
FAMILIES
 The best unit in the State of
Paraná (CACB – Confederation of
the Enterpreneurs and Trade
Associations of Brazil)
 Fourth best unity in Brazil
MEDICINE PLANTS
574 kg
dehydrated plants
donated for Family
Health Program
157.753
PRODUTIVE CHAIN
seedlings donated
7.508
people
capacitated
Cultivation
120
medicine gardens
established
Food and
Nutrictional
Security
Beneficiation
Food and
Nutrictional
Security
Food
Orientation
School snack
Health Center
Extract
Treatment
Phytotherapic
Treatment
Medicine
Prescription
Pharmacy of Manipulation
Laboratory
Health workers
Family farmers
School cookers
Nutritionists
Indigenous
And other...
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE COMMUNITIES
TEKOHÁ AÑATETE: 46 FAMILIES (300 PEOPLE) - DIAMANTE D’OESTE
OCO Y:134 FAMILIES (600 PEOPLE) - SÃO MIGUEL DO IGUAÇU
ITAMARÃ: 25 FAMILIES (120 PEOPLE) - DIAMANTE D’OESTE
Infant Nutrition Project
Medicine Plants Project
House with energy net
Rural sanitation
Fish culture cage
Artesians well
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
3.500 kg of rice
1.000 kg of peanuts
1.200 kg of poroto beans
138.922 kg of corn
27.970 kg of water mellow
17.600 kg of pumpkin
18 ha - 200 ton/year organic manioc
Pineapple culture / familiar
Farming of small animals / familiar
Farming of 268 cattle
Farming of pig
Partnership with
Honey production
LAR Cooperative
Pumpkin
Manioc
Water mellow
Corn
FISH FARMING
Current situation:
900 ton / year > 756
fishermen
POTENTIAL OF THE
USE OF CAGES IN THE
AQUACULTURAL
PARKS
14,000 ton of
fish / year
SPAWNING CHANNEL
 Water Quality monitoring and conservation of
aquatic fauna;
 Avoiding the isolation of fish populations, increasing
its survival capacity;
 Aquatic tourism
RESERVOIR PROTECTION FRINGE
The concern with environmental issues led the Itaipu to buy and recover its so
called Permanent Preservation Area (APP).
Habitat protection, reforestation, fencing, enable the installation of potable
water system and septic tanks for surrounding communities.
PERVASIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
THE FOUR PILLARS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION ON ITAIPU BINACIONAL
Socioenvironmental
Educomunication
Corporative
Environmental
Education
Environmental Education
in the Resevoir’s
neighbour areas and
Paraná 3 River Basin
Environmental Education
in Itaipu’s tourist complex
OTHER AREAS OF ACTION
 Cultivating Good Water has many other social and
environmental initiatives;
 We focused on the main initiative related to waterenergy-food nexus;
 More information:
 www.itaipu.gov.br
 www.itaipu.gov.py
 At Itaipu (we are waiting for you)
THANK YOU
Nelton Miguel Friedrich
Jorge Habib Hanna El Khouri
Gustavo Ovelar Rojas
ITAIPU BINACIONAL
www.itaipu.gov.br