Children submitted to danger and suffering - ROSC
Transcription
Children submitted to danger and suffering - ROSC
Bo le t im I n f o rm a t iv o 1 Distribuição gratuita | nº 006 | Trimestral | Maio | 2013 Survival war in Hulene Trash Dump Children submitted to danger and suffering Pag. 10 & 11 The State is unable to protect children’s rights, João Pereira – MASC Director Pag. 4&5 ROSC Mozambican Civil Society forum of child ritghs ROSC MISSION ROSC (Forum of Civil Society for Child Rights) is a forum with national and international members committed and engaged with fulfillment of Child Rights in Mozambique. Contribute for coordination and strengthening of a national movement of Civil Society Organizations intervening on Child Rights, mobilizing resources, facilitating partnerships among stakeholders engaged in improving the integrated and harmonious development of the child in National Agenda. VISION The children in Mozambique, totally usufruct their legal enshrined rights. ROSC OBJECTIVES VALUES • • Main objective is to contribute for the holistic and harmonious child development in Mozambique, through coordination among Civil Society Organizations to provide better implementation of social policies and of national and international legislation related to Child Rights. • • Full respect of human being and of Child Rights Holistic approach in promoting Human Rights and Child Rights; Free child participation in issues related to Child Rights; Full integrity and responsibility in fulfilling Child Rights. THE PILLARS OF ROSC • • • • Development of the institutional capacities of the Civil Society Organizations oriented for Child Rights. Advocacy of Social Policies and Monitoring of their application. Production and Sharing of Information on Child Situation in Mozambique. Coordination and Strengthening of Partnerships. Members of the Board Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da Comunidade Bairro da Coop, Rua B, N. 247 | Maputo – Moçambique Telefax:. +258-21418753 [email protected] | www.rosc.org.mz editoria PNAC II: another challenge.. The Mozambican government has shown signs that demonstrate their intention in seeking better policies and strategies to ensure the promotion and protection of children’s rights. To this end, the government recently approved the second National Plan of Action for Children (PNAC II), to be implemented by 2019. However it must be stressed that in practical terms it is not enough to adopt the instrument which theoretically expresses the government’s intention to place children as the center in policy development projects in the country. This prioritization should be manifested in practical terms, with clear and concrete actions so, that children no longer die from chronic malnutrition, malaria, and HIV or from being raped. This intention must be expressed with actions that take place immediately so that thousands of Mozambican girls victims of harmful traditional practices such as early marriage are protected; children with disabilities have access to education and other support services, and that all children have greater access to birth registration and health services anywhere in the country. In our view, having a child as the centre in policy definition and development projects in the country, in the least, puts the child in the centre of strategic planning and budgeting of the country which right until the moment this is not happening. It is important that this does not become just another document, another plan, another policy whose end is its mere existence. Indeed, it has been so in many cases and as an example we have the National Council of Child Rights (CNAC), which generated a lot of expectations on its creation, and it works in an intermittent manner. Little or nothing is known of what is produced. The child protection laws that were approved pompously remain virtually unknown even within the agents of the state, whose obligation is to ensure respect; and protection of these rights are ignored without any accountability, the rights to education, health and drinking water remains a mirage especially for underprivileged children; effective implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Rights of the Child are still far from desired. All these points refer to the need of PNAC II to be a document for effective implementation so that that the targets are taken seriously and as a priority by each institution. One cannot expect there to be improvements in the quality of maternal and child health services, quality education, access to water, nor that there is prevention of child abuse just because this intention was manifested in the PNAC II. In other words, the simple fact that the NAPAC II has been approved does not ensure compliance with the targets set for 2019. To achieve the goals set out in PNAC, it will be necessary for each institution to plan, support and mobilize resources in a coordinated way to put into practice the actions that ultimately will contribute to the realization of the objectives and targets set in this important document. The PNAC II must be disclosed in all institutions responsible for its implementation so that they can incorporate in their annual plans. The same should be done for the main Government partners starting with the civil society. Otherwise we will be facing another mountain that ultimately will give birth to a mouse. Editorial and Technical crew Alert in Tete: Raises the number of child prostitution and child beggars PAG. 6&7 Nutrição e assistência a criança requer abordagem multisectorial – Edna Possolo, Chefe do Departamento de Nutrição do MISAU… PAG. 12 & 13 Ficha técnica Coordination: Albino Francisco Edition: Dércio Alfazema Colaboration: Ruben Cossa, Moisés Cuambe e Bernardo Mbembele LayOut and Paging: Zowona Circulation: 1500 copies Membros Fundadores do ROSC Associação Wona Sanana (AWS), Fórum de Rádios Comunitárias (FORCOM), Iniciativa de Esperança para a Criança Africana (HACI), Rede de Comunicadores Amigos da Criança (RECAC), Plataforma de Protecção Social, Instituto para o Desenvolvimento da Criança (Zizile – IDC), Movimento de Educação para Todos (MEPT), Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da Comunidade (FDC), Rede Contra o Abuso de Menores (Rede Came), Women and Law in Southern Africa Research and Education Trust (WLSA), Centro de Aprendizagem e Capacitação da Sociedade Civil (CESC), Associação Criança, Família e Desenvolvimento (CFD), Rede Crista Contra HIV e SIDA em Moçambique, Associação NGUNI (NGUNI), Mulher, Lei e Desenvolvimento (Muleide), Associação Rede de Protecção de criança de Sofala (SOPROC), Action Aid Moçambique, Douleurs Sans Frontières (DSF), Plan International e ChildFund International. 4 B oletim I nfor m ati vo | D e s t aq ue A Civil Society unable to Influence Processes “The highest cost the Mozambican State may have, is to marginalize children” - The State shows incapacity to protect children’s rights, says João Pereira, MASC Director in an exclusive interview with the magazine ELOS. The issue of promotion of child’s rights in the country remains a top priority in the Government’s agenda. Several civil society organizations have been increasing efforts to defend the rights of the child. However, two occurrences in our society are obstructing efforts triggered by different actors working for the rights of the child. The most symptomatic phenomenon is the crisis within the family institution and the proliferation of social networking. The other phenomenon is the inability of the state to materialize their commitments in addition to a civil society which is also unable to influence processes in Mozambique, warns João Pereira, Director of Support Mechanism of Civil Society (MASC). Force on the government to operationalize the instruments and to promote and protect the children’s rights, should be a major priority of the Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). However, at this point of time, it does not perceive this attitude, since the CSOs have nearly exhausted the arguments about gender and education, with the civil society organizations’ attention focused on social issues related to the new topic of the day. - the mining industry in the country. “The major problem of our NGOs at all levels, is that the issues are addressed spontaneously and there is not a schedule of continuity, in how the issues should be addressed, with the exception of issues such as rape or child abductions, etc.” argues João Pereira, for whom the greatest problem of our Civil Society Organizations is that “are sectorized”, which does not allow a joint vision and strategic action about the unique issues and phenomena that occur in almost all parts of the world. “ An important question to which João Pereira draws attention, has to do with investment on perusing and promoting children’s rights and states that“the highest cost the State anywhere in the world can have is to marginalize the child”, refuting the argument that the high investment cost in adequate education, health and social services for children are the reasons for not achieving the agenda for the promotion and protection of rights. Challenges ahead… In the country’s recent history and after a long civil war, Mozambique launched a new phase, signing of the Rome agreement in 1992, which would put an end to what can be seen as the most severe form of violation of human rights. With the end of armed conflict, a new socio-political scenario began to emerge, with particular concern for a broad debate on the defense and promotion of human rights and children in particular. In this context, have emerged different interest groups, which gave a major boost in achieving the goals of protecting and promoting the interests of the child. An important opportunity for accommodation and establishment of the interests of these groups, came with the acceptance of various international and regional instruments and others with wider scope, such as the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, the United Nations Convection of the Child Rights, Laws of Organization of Guardianship of Minors, Human Trafficking of persons, in particular Women and Children. However, new challenges are pressing every day, but at the same time it requires that, Mozambique materialize its commitments on the rights of children. The examples are many and we can refer to cases where a close fight is needed for example, sexual abuse , which is a reality that is gaining alarming contours in the current social context. Parallel, and no less importan , is the need to allocate more funds to the State budget, as well as qualified and dedicated activists and personnel performing activities aimed at an effective promotion of child rights and interventions against any kind of violations. In any case, there is a unanimous position that the Government of Mozambique has effectively demonstrated some commitment to the protection and promotion of child rights in the country. According to the country statistics there are about 11.6 million children, representing about half of the total population. However, several of the adverse conditions have been waving in the opposite direction at the speed with which Bo le t im I n f o rm a t iv o the instruments, were formally brought to the national level. This question opens up space for a new debate on the role of Civil Society Organizations in protecting and promoting child rights in the country. Widespread crisis of the family institutions and social networks The problem of the protection of children’s rights cannot be seen only from the perspective of the crisis in the family and social networks. For João Pereira, the protection of rights must also be analyzed within a context in which the negative effects of instability within the family can be added to the problems of social networks. The MASC Director suggests that it is time to take into account that the phenomenon is contributing to the violation of children’s rights in our country. Although Mozambique is subject of several international acclaim for being an example of compliance with the United Nations Recommendations on the protection 5 of children’s rights, factual reality shows failures in the implementation of these Commitments ratified. health, social protection, among others, should be coded in three to four times more than it is occurring now. “ The situation of abandonment in which children with disabilities are subjected to, especially in rural areas, high rates of early marriage and the increment of child prostitution are clear signs of the lack of clear and effective strategies and who should do what, when and how. “There are still a considerable number of children who are deprived access to a school that offers quality education. The same happens in the health sector that does not provide services with the quality and means suited to the requirements. The social services are far from providing adequate services, and this situation becomes more acute as we move further to the cities, he explains, adding that this situation stems from the lack of appropriate means and mechanisms suited to the country’s circumstances. With regard to the social networks, that should be seen as positive elements for developing people’s communications, but is shown to be dangerous instruments for child safety. It is through the social networks that it is possible to lure children into trafficking nets, sexual abuse and other risks due to an inefficient control system. “A completely incomprehensible problem relates to the inability of the Mozambican state to fulfill its obligations regarding the protection of children’s rights,” says João Pereira, and added “how can we conceive that a child is not a State priority?” Continuously, he justifies its position by arguing that, for example, “the budget allocation for matters like education, As advocates the MASC Director, the solution implies the mobilization of civil society to press the State in order to provide answers to these problems. At the end of the day, the state’s inability ends up undermining all efforts made by the Government, partners and the civil society itself. This pressure demands partially in “developing a persuasion campaign aimed at the Parliamentarians, Politicians, Civil Society Organizations, including society in general regarding the issues related to the children’s rights and advocate that those rights should be placed on top of the agenda at all places, “he argues. (ELOS). | 6 B oletim I nfor m ati vo | D e s t aq ue An alert and worrying signal In Tete An increase in child prostitution and the number of child beggars Expectations around the news about the revival of the coal industry in the center of the country, with particular in Moatize, Tete province, begin to emit signals of concern especially for Civil Society Organizations. These are concerns that apparently pass right beside decision makers and those who have to act. This actually happens in recent times which have been characterized by heated debates around the growth of the mining industry in the country, and the cost of living for those rated already as disadvantaged populations around Moatize and Tete province. Despite numerous legal instruments for the protection of children against all forms of violence and abuse, when it comes to the field of implementing, the things do not happen as it should. New concerns are emerging from the organizations working in the area of social protection in the Tete province. One of the signs which have been characterizing the sad scenario in those areas is seeing children exchanging the school for the streets where they prostitute themselves or beg. During the day, at strategic points such as traffic lights, junctions and café’s, it is common to find children with unkempt appearance and crying, especially to drivers and pedestrians for coins and food leftovers. When the night comes, they are seen parading around corners and restaurants to exchange the body for money. Rosario Torres, Programme Officer of Friendly Support Foundation, a partner organization and ROSC member says, although not advancing numbers, considers the new tendency is a huge problem in a city that is becoming a reference in the country’s economy. Our partner shares the view that the increasing number of children living in these conditions is related to the living cost that is relatively higher on that part of the country. Rosario Torres said that the problem is also associated with the fact that most of the families living in the province depend solely on agriculture, surviving without any other additional income that can ensure the satisfaction of other pressing needs. These are families that are already living in a state of poverty and, given the rising cost of living they become more prone to extreme poverty and misery. This is a fact! Widely spread data which appears in various government assessment reports and studies states that the Mozambican economy is growing and is becoming strong and, the it is underway the process of equitable distribution of wealt. However, everyday reality indicates the reverse stated in these reports, which is justified not only by the desperation of families but also by the growing number of children who engage in prostitution and begging in streets of Tete. Alongside this situation, our interlocutor expressed a concern about the reasons and the little and symptomatic lack of accountability of government and State institutions, which ends up justifying the involvement of children in lifestyles little worthy. When we tried to find out the reasons why some children Bo le t im I n f o rm a t iv o prostitute themselves, some say it is for their survival, but in other cases it is to feed an easy life and whims, which the parents are not able to provide. Curious note is the fact that most of the children involved in the prostitution have an appearance of coming from urban areas refers Rosario Torres. Efforts to enforce laws that protect the child Contacted for comment on the matter, the Provincial Director of Social Affairs in Tete, Ana Paulo Ferreira, considered it to be a fact that the mining industry in the province boosted the economy by placing greater volume of goods and services in circulation. Particularly in the cities of Tete and Moatize the flow of money into the pockets and the increased movement of people from different parts of the country to the neighboring countries, has accelerated considerably in recent years, which in turn, contributes to the adoption of new practices and social behaviors by local populations. Although there are no official data, concrete reports or studies that are able to prove this tendency, it is clear that movement of people and money and rise of prostitution particularly child prostitution. Ahead, Ana Paula Ferreira explains that the Social Affairs in Tete have been triggerring efforts to ensure compliance with the law that prohibits access to children in places of nightlife, which are considered as places where they become more prone to practice activities not suitable to their status. The implementation of those policies in order to comply with the law, has been made in coordination with various entities such as economic and tourism agents, government authorities including the police, says Ana Paula Ferreira. Mozambique is a subscriber of various international agreements for the protection of children. According to the recommendations made by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, a systematic assessment of the situation of children living in the streets should be taken, in order to get an accurate figure of the extent of the problem and causes and, therefore, to develop and implement comprehensive policies to minimize or even eliminate these occurrences. At the same time, the country should adopt urgent measures with deadlines to eliminate child prostitution while providing children with conditions for their rehabilitation and social reintegration, without, of course neglecting the issue of gender. In short, Tete is a clear example of that matters relating to the protection of children, continuing to escape the authorities’ control. (ELOS) | Mais Meninas em Tete trocam escola por vida noturna. 7 8 B oletim I nfor m ati vo | N o t í ci as CSOs in Nampula: Concerns about the situation of children with disabilities actions that promotes and materialize the rights of the child, since the support that the province provides, covers about ten thousand children. As example, he advised to mobilize national and international partners, which would include religious organizations, businesses, persons of good will to support the promotion of activities that contribute to the realization of children’s rights. CSOs in Tete empowered to monitor public policies About thirty participants from the Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), religious and academic institutions in Nampula Province, took part in an event organized by the Civil Society Forum for the Rights of Children (ROSC) in partnership with the Solidarity Zambezia (ASZ .) In this event the participants debated about the protection of children with greater focus on children with disabilities. The participants used the occasion to raise issues beyond the problem of children with disabilities. A troubling case in Nampula, relates to the fact that girls with ages ranging from 12 to 15 years are being put to study at night shift at school, due to lack of vacancies in other academic timetables. About 30 civil society organizations working to fulfill children’s rights in Tete Province have benefited recently from a training on Monitoring and Advocacy of Public Policies, promoted by the Civil Society Forum for the Rights of Children (ROSC) with the collaboration of Provincial Network for Child Protection. This training was supported by Unicef, one of the ROSC partners. At the meeting, the government was represented by Mr Ahaet Daudo, the Head of the Department of Social Affairs at provincial directorate, that highlighted the fact that the province is one of the most populated in the country, and hence the fact, that there are many more children lacking care. Data from the last population census conducted in 2007 by the National Institute of Statistics indicates that Nampula province has a population of about 3,985,613 inhabitants, of which, more than half is estimated to be children. On this occasion, Daudo challenged the civil society to continue to mobilize more partners to support the These measures from the school authorities literally expose girls to various risks including harassment and rape either by teachers, classmates and even strangers to the school environment. At the end of the meeting the participants outlined joint interventions to address issues that jeopardize the rights of the child in the province. The participants also committed to maintain systematic meetings to share information, experiences, working methodologies and resources in order to achieve better results in promoting and protecting the rights and welfare of the child. The training was conducted by elements assigned to ROSC and addressed relevant issues such as monitoring of policy, plan and program of the provincial government as well as national and international legislation that protects and promotes the rights of children. The participants gained knowledge on how to monitor policies and local development plans with a focus on children and taking into consideration the specificities of the local contexts and the province in general. For that, the participants took into the account the Provincial Economic and Social Plan (PES) that also includes actions of interventions for child protection. Bo le t im I n f o rm a t iv o National Commission on Human Rights is open to collaborate with civil society The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) expressed the interest in working in coordination with the Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) to develop activities towards the promotion and protection of child rights in Mozambique. The interest in collaborating with such organizations was expressed by Mr. Custódio Duma, the Commission President during a meeting organized by the Civil Society Forum for the Rights of the Child - ROSC, and attended by representatives of several civil society organizations. Cenário da Mesa Redonda entre CNDH e Sociedade Civil. In this training were also disseminated knowledge on advocacy based on evidences collected during monitoring activities. Based on these issues, the participants are now able, to not only monitor the effective implementation of the government’s plans, but also carry out advocacy activities planned to influence policies to put into practice the recommendations made by the United Nations Report of the Government on implementation on the Convention of the Rights of the Child. Based on planning tools taught during the training the participants were organized in working groups to develop an action plan for monitoring the implementation of the provincial plan. Acting as provincial network, the participants are aiming to look at implementation of the provincial plan (PES) focused on children including the UN recommendations. With regards to the monitoring activities, the participants intend to collect evidences to enable the Provincial Network influence the process of decision making on the protection of the child in Tete Province. 9 Early marriages: OSC set the intervention strategies The Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), ROSC members and partners, acting in the area of child protection and girls, are giving steps towards the establishment of a joint agenda for action to tackle the problem of Early marriages in Mozambique. The group named “Civil Society Coalition Against Early marriage” whose main mission is to contribute to the elimination of this practice in Mozambique, has been meeting regularly to share information regarding the issue and coordinate mechanisms for intervention. The purpose of this meeting was to provide a space where organizations could learn more about the functioning of the NHRC and its mandate and share some issues related to the protection of children and women, who are considered the most vulnerable group in Mozambique. The Coalition is part of a global movement against child marriages denominated “Girls Not Brides” which aims to eliminate this practice in the world by 2030. In Mozambique this initiative has been streamlined by ROSC, who is also a member of this global movement. “The Commission will work as a valid partner of CSOs working in the area of children, and we will also work with institutions like the State and Government, in particular the Council of Ministers, Ministry of Justice, the National Assembly, as well as with the President of the Republic. We are also ready to interact and participate in timely and active manner defending the rights of people, where and when the rights are jeopardized, added Mr. Duma. Several national and international organizations have been active in the group, which consists mainly of, the National Forum of Community Radios (FORCOM), Network Against Child Abuse, Education for All Movement (MEPT), Wona Sanana, Action Aid Mozambique, Child Line, Communicators Network and Friends of Children (RECAC), Plan International, Women and Law in Southern Africa (WLSA), Terre des Hommes Germany, Save the Children, World Vision and the United Nations (UNICEF, UNFPA and UNWOMEN .) He also referred the willingness of the NHRC to be a spokesperson for the CSOs at regional and international levels and interact with organizations such as the African Union (AU), the Commonwealth of Countries for the Southern African Development Community (SADC), United Nations organizations, among others. Participants, in turn, used the occasion to be exposed to some challenging situations about children’s rights violations where the State itself is the main perpetrator refusing certain fundamental rights and conditions for children, especially the right for education and health. Regarding to the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), the committee of experts on the Rights of the Child United Nations recommended in its mandate, to be able to monitor children’s rights under the Convention and establish procedures through which, complaints about violations of their rights of children can be addressed. Mozambique has one of the highest rates of early marriage in the world. More recent data indicates that the country holds worldwide, the seventh position in the ranking of countries with the highest rates of early marriage. At continent level holds the sixth position and in Eastern and Southern Africa region, the first position, with a national average of 52% of girls who married before age 18. The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS 2008), shows that 18% of girls between 20 and 24 years were married before age 15, which always ultimately compromises these girls’ right to have access to a healthy and dignified life. | 10 B oletim I nfor m ati vo | R e p o rt agem Survival War in trash dump in Hulene CHILDREN SUBMITTED TO DANGER AND SUFFERING Just over a hundred children move daily in the early morning hours, to the trash dump in Hulene district, in the outskirts of Mozambican capital, Maputo. These children go to this location in order to get survival means, even if they have to get into dispute with adults. The children whose ages range from 9-16 years trade school to face a scary struggle to get ( hopefully) recyclables, food leftovers and other goods in that location, which is considered the largest trash dump in Maputo since the independence. The children come mostly from extremely poor families and, as a result, they are forced to face the game of all or nothing, in search of livelihoods to survive or enhance the family income. Among those children are orphans who, because of their circumstances are forced to play the role of head of family, which leads them to live inhuman conditions, endangering their healthy and safe growth. The ELOS team , descended to the trash dump to closely monitor the day-to-day life of these children. The team found no encouraging results and claims for an urgent and concerted action by government authorities and civil society organizations (CSOs) to minimize the adverse effect that result from the precarious conditions. The ELOS team witnessed children carrying bundles containing recyclable solid waste such as bottles and plastic bags, all in search of livelihoods. About these children a passerby commented “they are now masters of their own destiny” and the saddest thing is that some of them were forced to leave school due to the hard conditions imposed on their lives”. A land under the rule of elders especially when they realize that it comes from the press. That is why we were quite stressed within that environment. We arrived at trash dump in Hulene around 6:00 am guided by two young men who earn their living by collecting and selling solid waste. The instruction received from the “local government” was that the presence of strangers is not allowed to the place without the company of someone influential in that local. The message was immediately welcomed and everything went without incident. To photograph and make conversation we had to rely on the complicity of someone influential within that community in order not to violate the internal and established order. All of a sudden, we came across a child who was about 4 years old. The child was sitting alone in a sea of garbage. A mother was nearby engaged in collecting and selecting solid waste. The child was clearly exposed to all the dangers caused by smoke of burning waste, a situation which puts him at risk of serious lung diseases. Matias and João, our guides, are young men of approximately 30 years of age, who offered themselves to facilitate our entry and to protect our physical integrity. The fact is that, the garbage collectors are typically individuals, hostile to the presence of strangers, In the crowd of garbage collectors, we noted the presence of about 15 children, some of them with improvised footwear. The place was filled with pieces of broken bottles and glass, sharp iron objects, creating a risk of causing serious injury, Matias testified as our guide. Matias says that some of the children who make it to that place are starving and others are orphaned, exposed to immense vulnerability. Our guide tells us that, some of the kids are given to the third parties due to poverty and suffering affecting original families. There are many children brought here due to the suffering in their homes. “I know a child who is now 14 years whose mother abandoned him and went to South Africa with another man. He has been living alone for three years and to survive comes here to collect garbage “,said Matias who sadly regrets the situation and adds that the group of children who daily make the dump trash includes girls. He explains that, some are led by parents who also have that site a source for survival. Bo le t im I n f o rm a t iv o With an expression of someone who is already used to these situations, our guide digs into the material before us stumbles upon disposable diapers used by adult patients. “More dangerous than this, is the fact that authorities are aware that life there, is a constant challenge. João said that “these disposable diapers come from adults who may suffer from chronic and contagious diseases, and is brought there endangering people’s health.” Our guide laments what he calls a lack of sensitivity from the government authorities related to the citizens’ problems. The source says that whenever officials from the city council visit the site, they stop at the entrance, and suggest that they should go to see the irregularities and the situation we live in here. Maybe they could take it more seriously and be more careful with the medical waste that is deposited there. “ In the same approach, Joao recalls that recently the garbage pickers found significant amounts of ammunition, and said that due to lack of supervision on materials that are deposited, there have been situations in which military equipment such as rockets and mortars were deposited which endangers the lives of those, who use the site as a source of survival especially when it comes to the time to burn the waste. Uma criança que aguarda a mãe que procura sustento na lixeira de Hulene. The danger of hospital waste João one of the ELOS guide lamented the existing lack of organization in the site, with regard to the type of waste that is deposited. He stressed particularly about hospital waste which he said, “ it is dumped here carelessly.” It is simply a gruesome scenario! Plastic bags with used syringes, gloves, serum materials, including blood bags. “This can cause diseases, because if someone is pricked by these needles, it may be the gateway to a disease” explains our guide, adding that “there are cases in which, children take some of the hospital waste like serum and syringes to use as toys” . “There are mothers carrying babies to the trash dump. They do it, because they have no one to leave the babies with, at home, as they need to go there to look for something to survive. 11 Clearly, these children are subject to contract diseases from inhaling smoke from burning of several products” says Cristalina Langa and then adds that the children who make it to that place in search of pieces of iron, aluminum and copper, to sell it to scrap yards or to the people who make pots, buckets and other goods. Simply Serious The ELOS contacted Livaningo, an envoirmental Civil Society Organization that fight for the closure of trash dump in Hulene for over a decade. For this organization classifies as inconceivable, the presence of children in that local and incomprehensible that the dump trash has not been e closed yet. For Antonio Reina, General-Director of Livaningo, “only the proliferation of children in that location is a complicated situation and needs an urgent solution from the government institutions”. About the hospital waste that are dumped there without the slightest care, Reina explains that the Livaningo is aware of the problem and reported numerous times to the City Council, but today the situation prevails the same, endangering the health of people who work there . We reported to the municipal authorities, including the situation documented with photos to prove it, but nothing is being done in order to end the situation,” says Antonio Reina, who goes further by stating that “the problem of hospital waste is not only in Hulene; we observed the same scenario in Matola. This happens because there is a serious problem about the prior selection and control of waste that end up in the trash dump. If one day it is ammunition, then the next day it is hospital waste. It’s serious. “ | 12 B oletim I nfor m ati vo | E nt re vi s t a Entrevista sobre nutrição e assistência a criança A multisectoral approach will help to reach goals – says Edna Possolo Positive Signs in children’s access to health care The results regarding the coverage of health care services in the country has been showing encouraging signs. Growing expectations about the results of the “National health weeks” which also carries the application of vitamin A supplement . As a result of national health weeks, there was an increase on the application of vitamin A supplement, which in routine coverage were around 30% and currently stands at 100%. The education of women is imperative for the health of the family but it is also necessary to a multi-sectoral approach to ensure full access of the child to public health. A multisectoral approach involves the operationalization of the strategic plan with the guidelines and coordinated action between the Ministry of Health - MOH and other key partners such as the Ministry of Education, Social affairs and Industry and Trade. Some interesting explanations are extracted from a short interview with Dr. Edna Germarck Possolo, Dietitian and Head of Nutrition Department, attached to the National Directorate of Public Health in the Health Ministry. Some of the answers are transcribed in long, but contains an important element that is worth following closely. Elos – How the MOH deals with the issue of access to health services in Mozambique? Edna Possolo (EP) - In terms of access to essential health care within the public health, Mozambique emphasizes the so-called vulnerable groups, are women, elderly, children under five years of age, but also includes other specific groups at risk of contracting certain diseases. Elos – How do you deal in particular with children’s access to health services? EP - As anywhere in the world, the Mozambique Ministry of Health (MOH) pays special attention to the issues related to the health of the child, ie, the MoH has priority actions to ensure not only the child’s health but also the mother. The first two years of life are important stages because this is the time that the child establishes. It is a time of critical growth and development and becomes necessary to ensure that the child will grow and develop properly in order to become a healthy adult and all mental faculties guaranteed to transform and become an individual with all the productive capital, which can, in the future contribute and work in the community where is placed. Bo le t im I n f o rm a t iv o Elos – What are the specific areas in which the MOH intervenes? EP - As mentioned earlier, the first years of life is crucial. For this there is a program that consists, for example, to ensure nutrition in the context of health care to the mother and child. Within this framework there are preventive care, control actions and treatment. Within the preventive care we act in order to provide conditions for proper infant feeding. This begins during gestation where the woman receives advice about the food, as well as some nutrients, deworming and vaccinations to ensure appropriate uterine growth and development. Elos – Is there another type of service to face future damage in the child’s health? EP - The National Health System establishes mechanisms to monitor the development of child health during the growth process. Through this mechanism, we follow up the evolution of the child’s weight over a period of time. When the weight graphic keeps stable ie, does not change positively, it means that something is not right with the child health. So the nurse’s task is, to diagnose and make what is necessary to reverse the situation. Elos – But there are problems related to the availability of supplies as well as human resources in the country. How can all these plans be ensured? EP - There are preventive measures. There are health centers outside the city to ensure such access. In the health centers there is a nurse who must ensure the necessary support to the child. In these health centers the mothers do all the follow-up until the time of delivery to ensure that the baby develops normally through the intake of all the medicines and vaccines. After birth the baby is given a supplement with vitamin “A”. There are also several postpartum consultations, where the mother is advised to space the pregnancies. Ideally, the minimum difference between two babies is at least two years. The two years represents a time interval that allows the mother’s body to recover. Elos – We insist on the availability of supplies and human resources .... EP - In this regard I must say that there is a profound difference between the urban areas and the peripheral areas. Currently there is more availability in terms of health facilities and the presence of nurses in almost any part of the country, but challenges prevails because the coverage still is at levels below 30%. Additionally, the first two years represent a critical period for the child’s development and after this period any possible deficit of nutrients in the body becomes irreversible. There is a need to respect this time for the benefit of the child - avoiding it is a so-called chronic malnutrition. Elos – What is the importance of Vitamin “A” supplement to a child? EP - Vitamin “A” works like a vaccine and makes the child resist diseases, particularly infectious diseases; also protects children from blindness and ensures a good sight. It also contributes to a healthier growth and development of the child. Of course we still do not have conclusive data that shows us, in what extent the vitamin A supplement contributes to the results improvement in Mozambique, because of lack of scientific studies. But in the world, studies give evidence that Vitamin “A” supplement contributes to a 30% reduction in measles and maternal and infant mortality. Additionally, the MOH is making efforts to improve the life and work conditions of the health professionals, especially those who work in rural communities . We still have a huge rotation problem, because the women continue to have the right to marry and live alongside their husbands. This is a problem, but the point is, that there is a positive trend in access to health services. Elos – Is there any institutional strategy to reach children who live on the periphery? EP - The government has a strategic plan to reach the communities living in remote areas where there are many children by the way. As I mentioned earlier, there is growing expansion of services. We also have the national health weeks to provide preventive care, such as supplement with vitamin “A”. We also have vaccination programs for all children in coordination with the Ministry of Education. The outcomes are very positive for our health system. For example, the national health weeks has allowed 100% coverage compared with the routine coverage of 30% .At this time and as a result of this strategy we see a remarkable decline in infant mortality. Certainly, these results are due to expansion of services, increased numbers of professionals and infrastructure. 13 Elos – Which scenario you can predict to definitely ensure the access to health care for all children? EP - A number of measures are already in place in order to ensure full access of children to essential health care, whether in cities or in the suburbs. Therefore, to ensure the effective enforcement of child rights is necessary to give priority to multisectoral approaches.In other words, we need to ensure greater access of the child to school, social services, and the availability of adequate water and sanitation. All this involves a joint approach and requires that a lot of work still to be done... Elos – For you see, what is the importance of women’s education on child health and for quality of work of the health professionals? EP - (...) we must ensure good education level for women because it is noted that the levels of chronic malnutrition are more pronounced among children whose mothers are below high school, while the situation is better among women with higher level of education. For instance, today, the Ministry of Industry and Trade is preparing to introduce micronutrients like Vitamin “A”, Zinc, Iron, in rice, oil, flour, corn, etc.., considered as products of higher consumption among Mozambican families. This is a more sustainable strategy in terms of cost and from the moment reach most of the population; other products that contain no supplements will be gradually removed from the market. This strategy will help tackle the problems of disability due to chronic malnutrition, delayed intellectual development or limbs atrophy among our children. Elos – Challenges ...? EP - There are a lot. We need to increase the number of health facilities, increase the coverage of water and sanitation, we need to even, increase children’s access to school with better learning quality, including the increase in the number of the girls in the school. Anyway, it’s a whole structure that need to be ensured for the economic and social development growth. For now, the good thing is that when we look at the country we notice a tendency for growth. Now, we need to continue to improve and provide infrastructure for education and health, and creating the conditions for change of behavior of people at all levels. (Elos) | 14 B oletim I nfor m ati vo Minors in nightlife locations Weakness of various stakeholders Cada vez mais frequente a presença de crianças em ambientes noturnos. There is a law in Mozambique, which prohibits minors’ access to clubs and other locations of nightlife. Contrary to what should happen, in these places abound children, which show, obvious weaknesses when it comes to operationalize and supervise this specific law. It is known that, there are partnerships to enforce this law, between State and Government institutions (police and social affairs departents), economic agents (especially in the tourism sector) and civil society organizations (child protection). What the reality shows, is that partnerships are not working as planned, and the finger point happens often with one accusing another of inaction when it comes to enforce the law. Should be noted that each of the partners has its specific task . The problem is that the dissonance among the partners, the biggest loser is the child who continues to attend unsuitable places. Despite of inaction from these players, namely tourist operators, law enforcement agents, government etc, it is important to raises the issue of parents and guardians accountability. As it is known, the minor in normal circumstances is under the primary custody of an adult, whether parents, family members or guardians. Bo le t im I n f o rm a t iv o Exceptions are made in relation to the orphaned children by both parents - It is known that is it a harsh reality of our country The primary role of parents and guardians is to ensure proper feeding , health and protection of the child, which of course in the case of these children, not being entirely fulfilled. The parents or guardians, who are closest to the child, are not elements of the existing partnerships. So we can conclude that, in this case the overall responsibility cannot solely be attributed to the tourist operator, or to the law enforcement agents the forces of law and order. It is normal in Mozambican families assign the minors to a various tasks. It’s a healthy habit somehow, if these tasks are consistent with the minor’s safety and wellbeing. As some tourist operators says “ the problem also resides at the family level since it is common to have the little ones buying alcohol or cigarettes which are practices that inadvertently stimulate not only curiosity but also the interaction with products not recommended for them”. So, the tourist operators common position is “to end the violations of this law it is necessary a more rigorous action from the government”. For Manuel Cabinda, a restaurant owner based Matutuíne, Maputo Province; the problem must be addressed by educating the society and in particular parents. For our party, the problem is with parents’ permission and backing that the children go to nightclubs, buy banned products and at the end the penalty rests solely with the owners of restaurant or night club. “ Quessanias Matsombe, president of the Hotels and Tourism Federation (FEMATUR) share the same idea and said that “the existing problems comes from the fact that for a long time there were not been a strong hand, and institutions to impose order aiming to discourage the practice and violation of the law which prohibits minors access to the nightlife places. With respect to law enforcement, also logs some inefficiency and not less serious the injustice. Heavy fines can be passed to the tourist operators, but the penalties are not extensive to the parents who are in in this case the first to violate the law. We are in a situation where all parties are blamed for not enforcing the law. Parents who allow children to attend nightclubs, tourist operators by virtue of business turn a blind eye to the practice, and the authorities do not monitor and fairly comprehensively. It is urgent the creation a new partnership model in which the various stakeholders have specific duties and responsibilities. Parents and guardians, CSOs, economic operators and law enforcement can work together in a chain of duties and responsibilities aimed to put children away from the night clubs. | 15 16 B oletim I nfor m ati vo What some individuals say about the Rights of the Child in Mozambique? We need better and oriented public policies Money is not the only need, for promotion of Children’s Rights - Defends individuals interviewed by Elos On one hand, our interlocutors are unanimous that the state should organize them to better protect the child’s rights. On the other hand, civil society organizations and society in general should fulfill their social role to ensure the well-being of children. We need better policies mainly framed to our socio-cultural reality. However, for this it is also necessary to increase the budget To fulfill with international rules and instruments regarding the promotion of child’s rights, are needed some steps. The child’s education is also a valid path to ensure that in future we will have a healthy society. These should be the main challenges of the Government, pointed the ELOS respondents. For Custodio Duma, Chairman of the National Human Rights Commission (CNDH), it is clear that the lack of regulation of international instruments, in particular the rights of the child, is an obstacle to state accountability internationally. But in addition, there is a need of having public policies and stronger institutions acting to ensure this achievement. Another aspect worth the highlight is about the need to trigger a debate about bureaucratization tendency of the society. A civil society should be committed and interact directly with the target audience and the practical reality on the ground. Contrary to this, the civil society is more focused on drawing up plans and set up processes, and even there are OCS that do not even know the children they work with. Also according to Custódio Duma, the lack of regulation weakens the main focus that is the State responsibility. But let it be clear that the implementation or not of legal instruments don’t depend merely of the convention because there is room to use other laws in order to realize the goals that we pursue. “Interestingly, in Mozambique there is certain boldness because we put everything that is good in the documents. Even in the Economic and Social Plan (PES) is good , and can and estimates greater access to health services, education, etc.. These plans reflect a direct transcription on the pretensions of international conventions without any real conditions for its realization, “said Custodio Duma suggesting that what is needed is to incorporate the international standards in our legislation. Of course the non-incorporation jeopardizes, although you can use the plans, like the Constitution, the Convention itself to claim the implementation at the domestic level, but it is not possible to use for example the African Union and other international organizations because of the lack of inclusion However, one cannot say that the trend of concern for defense of child rights because the rights are constantly violated. According to the president of the CNDH “what happens is that the child is dependent on adult for everything. It is vulnerable to everything. So we have to focus more on defense of their rights, including trafficking and rape. “ Then we have to be clear that the big problem are not children. Rather, the problem are adults, so that more work is needed for a change of mentality and sensitize adults and that is what will determine the success of any action. “ To this end, we have to have laws that impose serious measures on adults who fail to fulfill the duties and be more favorable to the children. We also need to have a strong and active judiciary system. It is the Attorney General’s Office duty to defend the interests of children, while the courts have an obligation to make decisions favorable to the interests of children. It is the weakness in the all law institutions, which perpetuate the violations of children’s rights” argues Custódio Duma and adds, “For budget there is the slightest doubt that an increase in the rubrics always makes a difference. Where there is money the things happen differently. Investments are important, but more importantly, is to know that not everything is solved based on money. “. Our respondent goes on saying “If we have well-targeted public policies, laws that protect the best interests of the child, more than Bo le t im I n f o rm a t iv o investing in building a school we have children’s rights better protected,” We need to move in stages - Fernando Lima, Journalist is our concrete reality. The country still have many challenges, several socio cultural convulsions, which is a reality and how the society is divisive. Further considers that the abuse of children’s rights is so peculiar and touchy. For example, when we address the issue of domestic violence that also affects children, the question is, whether there will be an order of priority or hierarchy to address these issues. So this is kind of issues we face in day-to-day. The issue of adoption of children, or ensure the access of children to education are other troubling aspects of our society Therefore, there is a world and we move to the actual reality triggers in us a lot of fears and conflicts that leads to indecision. If we talk about the issue of child labor is asked “Will we be culturally prepared to embrace the recommendations of the International Labour Organization (ILO) on the prohibition of child labor?” wonders Lima. The problem we have soon, is that the government risks being considered unrealistic by the people who live in rural areas. Around the issue of the Government challenges to ensure the commitment of the main instruments for the promotion and protection of child rights, Fernando Lima, Mozambican journalist, says he sees the issue in two different ways. From the conceptual point of view, considers that there is clearly an intention from the official institutions in Mozambique to create the legal bases or substrates to support the promotion and protection of the rights and duties of children in Mozambique. Our interviewee understands that there is not only weakness and lack of sophistication, but knowledge that will allow the achievement of the main international instruments. “The Mozambican dilemma stems from the fact that we are not completely at ease in relation to all instruments and mechanisms that are ratified. However there is political will to create a network to promote and protect the child, what seems to be a point that deserves serious and important debate “, says Fernando Lima. The issue for debate according to Fernando Lima, are the assumptions that justify the fears and misgivings, because there are barriers that our socio cultural laws imposes on the treatment of the protection of children’s rights. For example, on the issue of incest in the family that is indeed a very serious problem in our country. The question that arises is, “ if the official institutions are prepared to unravel all taboos around this subject. To Fernando Lima, one thing is what is done and elaborated at distance from New York and another Lima states “One thing for sure, if we are about to overcome all these difficulties, I may be seen as a conservative, but I guarantee that this view is pragmatic. I mean, we cannot be giving shots in all directions. You need to grab those issues that are fundamental. “ Our interviewee suggests, “Let’s address these wider issues, first, and then move to more complex issues. That is, we need to walk and move in stages. This is a reformist vision on the subject considering that the challenges in the country are many but resources are scarce to advance simultaneously in all directions” Educate children to ensure a healthy society in the future” – João Colaco, Academic 17 For João Colaço, academic and executive secretary of the Civil Society Observatory, the future of a nation depends on how its citizens are educated from childhood, because raising a child is to contribute to a healthier society. Thus, the failure of any of the instruments of protection and promotion of children’s rights immediately implies a future malformed society. “Educating a child today means we are preparing a more intelligent, active , healthier and stable society.” Colaço believes. In any case, John Colaco also believes that the country gave important steps ratifying, international instruments and currently prevails as challenging the effectiveness of what has been agreed, and there was created. I see that there is still much to comply entirety with the rights of the child, recognized by the institutions, society and communities. Therefore, institutions should step up efforts to give effect to the children’s rights, “argues Joao Colaco, adding that success is made partially by political will and more pressure and demanding. However, the word participation should always be present and according to our source, currently the major problem lies in the fact that when we walk by Countryside, the institutions necessary to fulfill child’s education are scarce. “It is important to have more interaction between institutions, but we must do more. We should leave the comfortable life in the cities and go wherever children are, to work more closely with them giving direct and daily monitoring. Argues Joao Colaço and says that “there must be interaction between the institutions and the child”, then added that the issue of monitoring of public policies should be developed and discussed with much more accuracy. 18 B oletim I nfor m ati vo News (high and low highlights) During the first quarter of 2013, much has been done on behalf of children and much was still to be done. Some good things and bad things happened. Through this section “Elos” intends to leave guides that mark each period that covers the gap from one newsletter edition to another. We intend to exalt good deeds and openly express our repudiation towards practices that contribute negatively to the materialization of children’s rights (or lack thereof) directly or indirectly way and in the short, medium and long term. We have no doubt that much should be noted here in the “high” or the “low”, but for this edition these are the facts that were news and deserve our attention. HIGH Education The start of the academic year was characterized by abundant rainfall, which threatened to tear up all the Government previsions to fulfill the goals for the firstquarter. The data about targets previously planned still scarce. One of the targets is to have children that completes the initial primary cycle with reading and writing skills. At moment, there is no significant public investments for early childhood education, because of lack of teachers and classrooms that makes the education system with no grounds to take firm steps. But for the benefit of doubt, efforts are being made to reverse the situation. Reaction to the case of H1N1 A statement issued by the Ministry of Health in March made known that a baby of six weeks lost his life following the infection by the Influenza A/ H1N1 virus. Until the first half of March the child was the only fatality of the six confirmed cases in Mozambique. From this case, which was broadcasted by national and international press, a positive note was given to the MOH for the efforts and appeals to the public on preventive care, thus avoiding more casualties. It is guaranteed support for over 180,000 children Partners from the Ministry of Education (MINED) expressed readiness to ensure, for the current academic year, food support for more than 180,000 primary school children. This measure aims to reduce malnutrition rates and ensure quality improvement in education. The measure will benefit the schools shortlisted in Southern, Central and Northern Mozambique, particularly in the provinces of Gaza, Inhambane and Maputo, Tete and Nampula. The support comes in a timely way considering that the report on “Child Poverty and Disparities in Mozambique”, in 2010 edition, indicates that by 2008, 44% of children had problems from chronic malnutrition, a situation that, in addition to development problems, physical and mental health is associated with high levels of infant mortality. RIGHTS OF THE CHILD: Government approves PNAC-II The Government of Mozambique has approved the Second National Action Plan for Children (PNAC-II), to be implemented during the period 2013 to 2019, under the motto “Children First”. Through the PNAC II, the child becomes the center of attention in policy and development projects. The measure will strengthen Mozambique’s commitment in ensuring compliance with the promotion and protection of child rights. It is an instrument whose approval had full support of national and international organizations to promote and protect children’s rights, that demand for effective implementation and achievement of all the goals outlined in the document. CORPORAL OFFENSES: Man amputates Bo le t im I n f o rm a t iv o LO the fingers of three kids It was on the news during the first quarter of 2013 that in Boane district in Maputo province, Andrade Chilaule, did justice with his own hands. The victims were three children whom Andrade using an aluminum saw, amputated the index fingers of each of the children, accusing them of stealing 1,200 meticais from his business premises. It is not known yet, what was the outcome with regard to the treatment given to the children, but it is known that the offender is in police custody, even in a country where generally, justice for the poor is scarce. The victims were identified as Moisés Victorino, aged 11, Luis Armando and Nerto Naiene, both 12 years old who confessed the subtraction of 520 meticais. Not worth the fact, that the children families have taken responsibility and expressed interest in returning the value. Under the banner of educating the children, Andrade Chilaule committed a crime that touched the most sensitive people in that area. Floods in Mozambique The floods that ravaged the whole country with the highest incidence in the town of Chokwe, in Gaza province, and the province of Zambezia, in the center. This situation led national and international partners to campaign for funds to help families, who have lost almost all their belongings. In Gaza province alone, it is estimated to have affected about 140 million people of which about 70, 000 are children and, according to official statements 19 W these numbers tend to rise. Still, according to official data the floods have affected a total of 478, 892 people and there were 117 deaths across the country, with thousands of families homeless, children without classrooms and school supplies. This cyclical situation suggests that in the future the government authorities have to adopt preventive measures to minimize the devastating effects for thousands of Mozambican families. FADM soldiers rape minor until collapse – Inhambane The armed defense forces of Mozambique in the province of Inhambane seem to have received a new order; there is no escape from their harassment. The information made public by Independent Magazine Journal send shivers and should not be crowned for its’ silence. Marine militants took advantage of a carnival party to drag a 13 year old adolescent to a quarter base where she was raped until her senses were lost. The girl succeeded in identifying at least 3 soldiers who raped her but she made it clear that the list of the accused was not limited to the above. The identified offenders were arrested, but the great challenge for the justice institutions in Inhambane is to grant the deserved denouement to this case. Word of appreciation goes to Magazine for the denouncement.| 20 B oletim I nfor m ati vo