emergency operations plan

Transcription

Coshocton County
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
PLAN
2007
Prepared by
Emergency Management Agency
Coshocton County Emergency Operations Plan
TABLE of CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
PROMULGATION AND AUTHENTICATION ............................................................................................................ 4
CHANGE RECORD ........................................................................................................................................... 5
DISTRIBUTION RECORD ................................................................................................................................... 6
DISCLAIMER STATEMENT................................................................................................................................. 6
2. BASIC PLAN .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 PLAN DEVELOPMENT & MAINTENANCE............................................................................................................. 8
2.4 PEER DOCUMENTS AND STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................... 9
2.5 AUTHORITIES & REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 11
2.6 SITUATION & ASSUMPTIONS .......................................................................................................................... 11
2.7 HAZARD ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................................ 12
2.7.1 Coshocton County Overview.................................................................................................................. 12
2.7.2 Likely Hazards ........................................................................................................................................ 14
2.7.3 Mitigation Program ................................................................................................................................. 17
2.7.4 Resource Management .......................................................................................................................... 17
2.7.5 Training Program / Public Education Program....................................................................................... 17
2.8 ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................................... 19
2.9 CONTINUITY OF OPERATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 24
3. RESPOND.................................................................................................................................................................... 25
3.1. INITIAL NOTIFICATION.................................................................................................................................... 25
3.2. INCIDENT ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................................ 25
3.3 INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................ 25
3.4. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTER ACTIVATION EOC.................................................................................. 26
3.5. COMMUNICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 26
3.6. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES .................................................................................................................. 26
3.7. PUBLIC NOTIFICATION & W ARNING ................................................................................................................ 26
3.8. EVACUATION AND SHELTERING IN PLACE ....................................................................................................... 27
3.10. PUBLIC & MENTAL HEALTH ......................................................................................................................... 29
4. RECOVERY ................................................................................................................................................................. 30
4.1. DAMAGE ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................................. 30
4.2. DEBRIS MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................................. 30
4.3. INFRASTRUCTURE / PUBLIC W ORKS............................................................................................................... 30
4.4 DOCUMENTATION.......................................................................................................................................... 31
4.5 CRITIQUE ..................................................................................................................................................... 31
5 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................................. 32
5.1. DEFINITION OF TERMS & ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................ 32
5.1.1 Definition of Terms ................................................................................................................................. 32
5.1.2 Definitions of Acronyms.......................................................................................................................... 44
5.2. LIST OF EMERGENCY FORMS........................................................................................................................ 51
5.3 ALL HAZARD RADIO LOCATIONS.................................................................................................................... 52
5.4. INDEX OF SUBJECTS .................................................................................................................................... 53
6. FUNCTIONAL ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................ 54
ANNEX A DIRECTION AND CONTROL .................................................................................................................... 54
ANNEX B COMMUNICATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 54
ANNEX C W ARNING ............................................................................................................................................. 54
ANNEX D EMERGENCY PUBLIC INFORMATION ....................................................................................................... 54
ANNEX E EVACUATION / TRANSPORTATION ........................................................................................................... 54
ANNEX F SHELTERING, MASS CARE AND SPECIAL NEEDS ..................................................................................... 54
ANNEX G HEALTH & MEDICAL .............................................................................................................................. 54
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ANNEX H MASS CASUALTY & FATALITIES ............................................................................................................. 54
ANNEX I RESOURCES ......................................................................................................................................... 54
Appendix A Volunteer Management................................................................................................................ 54
Appendix B Donation Management................................................................................................................. 54
ANNEX J DISASTER RECOVERY)........................................................................................................................... 54
ANNEX K HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PLAN ............................................................................................................... 54
ANNEX L HAZARD PLANNING................................................................................................................................ 54
NATURAL HAZARDS ............................................................................................................................................. 54
Appendix A Flooding & Dams .......................................................................................................................... 54
Appendix B Tornadoes & Severe Storms ........................................................................................................ 54
Appendix C Winter Storm ................................................................................................................................. 54
MAN MADE HAZARDS .......................................................................................................................................... 54
Appendix D Radiological .................................................................................................................................. 54
Appendix E Highways & Railroads................................................................................................................... 54
Appendix F Pipelines........................................................................................................................................ 54
Appendix G Agriterrorism ................................................................................................................................. 54
Appendix H Terrorism....................................................................................................................................... 54
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Promulgation and Authentication
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1.2 Change Record
Complete
07/28/04
08/02/04
09/21/04
10/20/04
11/10/04
11/24/04
12/08/04
08/20/05
10/14/05
11/15/05
11/23/05
12/06/05
12/14/05
10/12/06
02/27/07
30/08/07
15/09/07
Description
Reference
Sent draft to Brian Galligher (state EMA for review)
Changed PIO Notification and Warning
Changed First Responder supply list
Added Damage Assessment Form
Added health issues during flood cleanup
Section 5.1.1
Added agency radio frequencies
Section 3.5
Recorded EOC first responder work station phone numbers
Section 3.5
Added the signed Promulgation Statement
Section 1.3
Began CD distribution for 1 & 4 document CD’s
Completed distribution of CD’s with 4 EMA prepared documentation
Moved radio frequencies to the Controlled and Sensitive Information Document
Hazardous Materials Plan was mailed to OEMA
Moved Hazard Specific Procedures from EOP to Hazmat Document.
Section 5
Incorporated NIMS definitions and acronyms
Section 9
Developed PIO media scripts
Section 9
Prepared the documents for distribution and web site
Separate documents for:
Handbook of Emergency Forms
Controlled and Sensitive Information Document
Standard Operating Procedures
Rudy Blazer and Andrew Elder reviewed the organization for the plan and annexes.
Andrew Elder reviewed the draft sections that were completed and offered comments.
Hazardous Materials Plan was integrated into the Basic Plan as Annex K.
Mailed Hazardous Materials Plan hardcopy and CD version to OEMA.
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1.3 Distribution Record
For the 2006 distribution, previous recipients were mailed a postal card identifying the fact that a web
site had been created and describing how to download any of the four (4) available documents.
26 Apr 06
James T. Van Horn took CD's to the monthly fire chief's meeting for distribution.
1.4 Disclaimer Statement
This Coshocton County emergency plan has been constructed with the best information available and
from a planning perspective. It is recognized that as an emergency unfolds and new information
becomes available, decisions and actions may be different than the plans envisioned at the time the
plan was written.
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2. BASIC PLAN
2.1 Introduction
The Coshocton County Emergency Operations Plan is the document that assigns responsibility to
organizations and individuals for carrying out specific actions at projected times and places in an
emergency that exceeds the capability or routine responsibility for any agency or department.
This document sets forth lines of authority and organizational relationships and shows how all actions
are to be coordinated. It describes how people and property will be protected in emergencies or
disasters. It also identifies personnel by title, equipment, facilities, supplies, and other resources
available within Coshocton County for use during the response and recovery operations of any
disaster.
The elected leadership in Coshocton County is legally responsible for ensuring that necessary and
appropriate actions are taken to protect people and property from the consequences of emergencies
or disasters. Government can discharge their emergency management responsibility by taking four
interrelated actions: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. A systematic approach is
to treat each action as one phase of a comprehensive process, with each phase building on the
accomplishments of the preceding one. The overall goal is to minimize the impact caused by an
emergency in Coshocton County.
The Coshocton County Emergency Operations Plan is intended to be flexible enough for use in all
emergencies, including unforeseen events. This plan is an all-hazard emergency plan and
coordinates with a stand alone document for hazardous materials.
Defining the term disaster in its most general sense is easier than deciding whether it applies to a
particular event. The field of emergency management generally makes distinction between
emergencies and disasters. Emergencies are “routine” adverse events that do not have community
wide impact or do not require extraordinary use of resources or procedures to bring conditions back to
normal. Disasters are adverse events that call for extraordinary resources and skills and result in
major damage.
Included in this plan is a glossary of terms and acronyms to assist the reader if definitions are needed.
It is important that all EOP users have an understanding of terms in the EOP.
2.2 Purpose
This plan provides Coshocton County, Ohio, and its political subdivisions the basis for a systematic
approach to the solution of problems created by the threat or the occurrence of disasters. It identifies
the responsibilities, functions, operational procedures, and working relationships among governmental
entities, various departments, private support groups, and individual citizens. This plan will be
activated to assist local responders in the mitigation of a natural or manmade disaster. Coshocton
County Commissioners or their designates have the authority to activate the EOP. The Coshocton
County Commissioners may at the request of a political subdivision declare an emergency by filling
out and signing a Local Emergency Proclamation. All legal questions or requests arising from this plan
shall be submitted to the Coshocton County Prosecuting Attorney for an opinion.
The Coshocton County Emergency Operations Plan was jointly developed by the Office of Emergency
Management and County Commissioners in conjunction with the political subdivisions and their
emergency/non-emergency response agencies, business, industry, civic and professional groups
within the county. The first step in the planning process identifies each hazard that is a possible
threat to the county and its political sub-divisions and provides the source for the basic plan and the
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functional sections. The second step assesses the resources of each governmental entity, and the
third step is to develop response procedures based on those resources.
It is the intent of the Coshocton County Emergency Management Agency, with the cooperation from
other agencies, to save lives, protect property and the environment by developing programs and
emergency operational capabilities that address mitigation (preventative measures); preparedness
(planning, training, and education), response (active post-event coordination of on-scene activities);
and recovery (restoring affected areas) for natural, technological, civil, or attack-related emergencies.
It is also the intention of this plan to utilize all other assisting agencies' Standard Operation Guidelines
(SOG’s), where applicable.
Annual review of this EOP, as well as emergency tests, exercises and actual occurrences will serve to
refine and clarify the county’s emergency response capabilities.
The general design of the plan is based upon the Emergency Phase Format from the State of Ohio
EMA Plan Development and Review Guidance for local EOP. Updates and revisions were
accomplished using local, state and federal publications and annual exercises.
2.3 Plan Development and Maintenance
The Coshocton County Emergency Management Director is responsible for ensuring that necessary
changes to the EOP are incorporated and distributed. The Director will forward revisions of the EOP
to all affected/responsible organizations for acceptance before the final version is published.
All townships through their trustees have subscribed to be part of the county wide emergency
management plan. A commissioner’s document recording this action is on file in the EMA office.
Each organization tasked with emergency responsibilities by this EOP is responsible for updating its
portion of the plan or SOG based upon deficiencies identified by emergencies, drills, exercises and
changes in government structure or emergency response organizations. During the annual review,
the organizations are asked to ensure the plan elements are valid and current. All changes are
returned to the EMA Director for comment and/or inclusion into the EOP.
As for the Hazardous Materials Plan, the Coshocton County Local Emergency Planning Committee
(LEPC) is responsible for managing those sections of the EOP. Annually, or more often as changes
in the county require, each section will be reviewed by those individuals designated within that
section. Their comments and recommendations will be forwarded to the LEPC not later than July 1st
each year. Subsequently, the LEPC shall adopt or amend the section as required. These identified
changes will then be given to the County EMA Director, who will incorporate them into the EOP and
distribute them as required.
A log for Change Record, Section 1.2 is maintained to record significant changes that have been
made to the EOP document. A plan Distribution Record Section 1.3 is maintained to record the
names and departments of recipients. The Distribution Record also identifies recipients who are
required to receive the EOP and those individuals who receive a copy for informational purposes.
Also, the LEPC is required to annually submit this plan for formal review and acceptance through the
State Emergency Response Commission (SERC). The plan must be submitted for review not later
than October 17th of each year. If the SERC refuses to approve the plan, the LEPC will be directed to
modify the plan as per SERC recommendations within 60 days of SERC’s order. The modified plan is
then re-submitted for review.
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EMA Exercises
LEPC requirements specify that during a 4-year period, Coshocton County must conduct at least one
Full-Scale Exercise incorporating the activation of the County’s Emergency Operations Center (EOC)
and several field operations and/or functions. Typically, the EMA office will schedule either a TableTop or Functional Exercise.
The EMA Director will be responsible for meeting the requirements outlined above. The EMA Director
may elect to use the LEPC exercise program to annually test the EOP and thus meet the above
requirements.
Table Top Exercises may be conducted in order to prepare for an upcoming Functional or Full Scale
Exercise. Orientation seminars may also be used to educate individuals who have responsibilities
within this plan.
Annually, the exercises use a different scenario drawn from one of the following major disaster
categories:
Natural Hazard:
Technological Hazard:
Security Hazard:
Tornado, flood, winter storm, earthquakes, etc.
Hazardous material, radiological, etc.
Riot, terrorist attack, etc.
A log of past exercises is maintained in Hazardous Materials, Annex K.
2.4 Peer Documents and Structure
The organization of Coshocton County’s EOP is structured to provide units of documentation
published in separate stand alone documents. Each document provides a unit of information intended
for a specific group of readers and has the flexibility to be separately updated and distributed.
Agencies, organizations or departments document their own procedures and standard operating
guidelines (SOGs). It is not the intent of the EOP to supersede, duplicate, or replace the current
standard operating guidelines. The EOP is constructed to reference those peers SOGs already
written and to partner with those agencies / organizations to complete their SOG and thus integrate a
county wide emergency plan.
The Emergency Operations Plan is the hub document that links the other documents into an
integrated group of documents for optimum response. The overall Emergency Management Agency
plan consists of the following individual documents:
Document Name
1. Emergency Operations Plan and Hazardous Materials Plan *
2. Emergency Reference Directory
3. Emergency Resource Catalog *
4. General Information
5. Controlled and Sensitive Information Document *
6. EMA Standard Operating Procedures
7. Handbook of Emergency Forms *
8. Continuity of Operations Plan
* = Sensitive information with limited distribution
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Hazardous Materials Plan
The Hazardous Materials Plan is a document maintained by the Coshocton County Emergency
Management Agency and is integrated with the EOP to eliminate redundancy. The Plan is updated
annually and documents the details of hazardous chemicals located in the county. A portion of the
plan is available on the EMA’s web site. (www.coshoctonema.com)
Hazard Mitigation Plan
The Hazard Mitigation Plan is maintained by the Coshocton County Emergency Management Agency.
The Hazard Mitigation Plan for Coshocton County is a stand alone document available from the
Coshocton County Emergency Management office.
Emergency Reference Directory
The Emergency Reference Directory identifies contact information for important persons and agencies
that may be valuable in the event of an emergency. It contains phone, e-mail and postal addresses
for the resource persons. The Emergency Reference Directory is prepared by the Coshocton County
Emergency Management Agency and can be found on the EMA web site. (www.coshoctonema.com)
Emergency Resource Catalog
The Emergency Resource Catalog identifies sources for services and materials that are valuable for
disaster recovery. The document is prepared by the Coshocton County Emergency Management
Agency and is updated annually.
General Information
The General Information document contains emergency public information of a preparedness nature
that residents can use. The procedures describe what steps can be taken before, during and after an
incident to minimize discomfort or injury during an emergency. The procedures are structured to be
immediately usable for release to the media. The document is prepared by the Coshocton County
Emergency Management Agency and is distributed annually, and can be found on the EMA web site.
(www.coshoctonema.com)
The Controlled and Sensitive Information Document contains information that is needed in an
emergency, but is sensitive with respect to security or is of a private nature. Unlisted phone numbers
and locations of pipelines are examples of the type of information found in this document.
The Standard Operating Procedures are the specific instructions for carrying out tasks when dealing
with any given emergency. These operating procedures are steps typically used by Emergency
Operations Coordinators when the Emergency Operations Center is activated.
The Handbook of Emergency Forms is a collection of the forms that would be required to document
actions taken during an emergency. Half of the pages are emergency forms and the other half are
Job Descriptions for EOC coordinators. The first page in the document is an index that identifies the
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contents.
Continuity of Operations Plan
The Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) is a prepared statement describing the routine and
essential activities that must be executed daily in the event of a disaster. The document names the
line of Emergency Operation Center succession and describes the storage method for vital records
and electronic files.
2.5 Authorities and References
Tools and reference materials used to prepare this document include:
Ohio EMA Plan Development and Review Guidance for EOP’s 01/03.
Homeland Security, Local and Tribal NIMS Integration version 1.0 Integrating the National Incident
Management system into Local and Tribal Emergency Operations Plans and Standard Operating
Procedures.
2.6 Situation and Assumptions
Coshocton County is venerable to many hazards, all of which have the potential for disrupting the
community, causing casualties and damaging or destroying public and private property. A summary
of major hazards is shown below. More detailed information is available in the specific hazard annex.
1. It is the responsibility of the Emergency Management Agency to protect public health and safety
and preserve property from the effects of hazardous events. The EMA has the primary role in
identifying and mitigating hazards, preparing for and responding to, and managing the recovery from
emergency situations that affect our community.
2. It is impossible for government to do everything that is required to protect the lives and property of
our population. Our citizens have the responsibility to prepare themselves and their families to cope
with emergency situations and manage their affairs and property in ways that will aid the government
in managing emergencies. We assist our citizens in carrying out these responsibilities by providing
public information and instructions prior to and during emergency situations.
3. Local government is responsible for organizing, training, and equipping local emergency
responders and emergency management personnel, providing appropriate emergency facilities,
providing suitable warning and communications systems, and for contracting for emergency services.
The state and federal governments offer programs that provide some assistance with portions of
these responsibilities.
4. To achieve the public health and safety objectives, the EMA staff has prepared an emergency
management plan that is both integrated (employs the resources of government, organized volunteer
groups, and businesses) and comprehensive (addresses mitigation, preparedness, response, and
recovery).
5. This plan is based on an all-hazard approach to emergency planning. It addresses general
functions that may need to be performed during any emergency situation and is not a collection of
plans for specific types of incidents. For example, the warning annex addresses techniques that can
be used to warn the public during any emergency situation, whatever the cause.
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6. Departments and agencies tasked in this plan are expected to develop and keep their current
standard operating procedures that describe how emergency tasks will be performed. Departments
and agencies are charged with ensuring that the training and equipment necessary for an appropriate
response are in place.
7. This plan is based upon the concept that the emergency functions that must be performed by many
departments or agencies generally parallel some of their normal day-to-day functions. To the extent
possible, the same personnel and material resources used for day-to-day activities will be employed
during emergency situations. Because personnel and equipment resources are limited, some routine
functions that do not contribute directly to the emergency may be suspended for the duration of an
emergency. The personnel, equipment, and supplies that would normally be required for those
functions will be redirected to accomplish emergency tasks.
8. Coshocton County has adopted the National Incident Management System (NIMS) in accordance
with the Homeland Security Directive (HSPD)-5. Our adoption of NIMS will provide a consistent
approach to the effective management of situations involving natural or manmade disasters, or
terrorism. NIMS describes how Coshocton county will integrate our response activities using a set of
standardized organizational structures designed to improve interoperability between all levels of
government, private sector, and nongovernmental organizations.
9. This plan, in accordance with the National Response Plan (NRP), is an integral part of the national
effort to prevent, and reduce residents’ vulnerability to terrorism, major disasters, and other
emergencies, minimize the damage and recover from attacks, major disasters, and other
emergencies that occur. In the event of an Incident of National Significance, as defined in HSPD-5,
we will integrate all operations with all levels of government, private sector, and nongovernmental
organizations through the use of NRP coordinating structures, processes, and protocols.
2.7 Hazard Analysis
The man-made hazards are documented using information reported by the individual facilities in their
annual reporting of chemical inventory data, individual facility maps, amount and type of materials on
hand, storage method, and the health hazard of each chemical. This information is published
annually in a separate document entitled Coshocton County Hazardous Materials Plan.
CAMEO computer software is used to store the data.
Information gathered in three (3) Commodity Flow Studies performed in 1996, 1997, and 2001 in the
county for the transportation traffic of hazardous materials on roadways was part of the hazard
analysis. The studies recorded the types of materials routinely conveyed using roadways in the
county.
Hazards that would propose a unique risk to the county would be weapons of mass destruction, such
as Chemical, Biological, Explosive, Radiological and Nuclear (CBERN). Hazards that pose a common
risk that also could activate the plan are severe storms, floods, hazardous material releases/spills on
highways, railways, waterways, or at fixed facilities.
2.7.1 Coshocton County Overview
The largest concentration of at risk population would be the City of Coshocton with 11,682 based on
2000 census information.
Coshocton County is in the east-central part of Ohio. It is bounded by Holmes County to the north;
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Tuscarawas County and a portion of Guernsey County to the east; Knox County and a portion of
Licking County to the west; and Muskingum County to the south. Coshocton County has population
of 36,650 per the U.S. 2000 Census Bureau with 16,107 housing units in the county.
Coshocton County consists of 28 political sub-divisions with one city, five villages, and 22 townships.
There are four school districts: River View, Ridgewood, Coshocton and the Coshocton County Career
Center. There are also several parochial schools, including numerous small Amish schools and
several Christian Schools.
For Coshocton County, the climate is air temperature 50 degrees F. average, with 37-½ inch rainfall
as an average over a period of the past 50 years. Average snowfall has been 20 inches over the past
50 years. Altitude is 770 feet above sea level ranging from 750 feet at Adams Mills, to 1320 feet
above sea level at Spring Mountain. The City of Coshocton consists of 4.8 square miles, and the
county consists of 562 square miles.
The City of Coshocton is at 81 degrees, 51 minutes 30 west longitude; and 40 degrees, 16 minutes
north latitude, 25 miles north of Zanesville, 72 miles northeast of Columbus and 100 miles south of
Cleveland and 80 miles west of Wheeling.
Airports
There are two airports in the county. One airport is Richard Downing Airport and is located
approximately two miles from the City of Coshocton off US 36. It is both private and corporate aircraft
facilitated, and has an extended landing strip to accommodate jet aircraft. The landing strip is 4,099
feet long and is 75 feet wide. The extension of the landing strip to accommodate jet aircraft is in the
process of being extended to 5,000 feet. The extension is expected to be complete in 2007. An
industrial park is also located on the aircraft property. The second airport is located on SR 93 in
Lafayette Township and is a privately owned airport and uses a grass landing strip. See the county
map for the airport locations.
Special Needs Populations
Amish Population – 5% of the county’s population is Amish. Amish are generally located in the
northern townships of the county. They are largely self-sufficient and many have access to cell
phones for communication. The Controlled and Sensitive Information Document contains contact
information for the Amish population.
Special Language Population – Based on 2000 population data, there are 216 Hispanics and 118
Asians in the county. The Emergency Resource Catalog contains contact information to help with
language translation.
No special support is planned for these two small population groups.
Home Bound or Special Needs Persons – Individuals may not be aware of sudden change of
weather, and will require special attention if roads become impassable. SOP have been developed
between the WTNS Radio 99.3 FM, 1560 AM to broadcast instructions describing process to receive
help. Home Bound or elderly residents with serious or life threatening conditions are to call the
Emergency Operations Center for support. The activated EOC staff will apply their best effort to locate
and dispatch resources for the caller.
For emergency notification from the weather service, see the following site for devices that can be
used to alert special needs persons: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/special_need.htm
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2.7.2 Likely Hazards
Natural hazards occur as storm seasons change and the possibility of severe weather or evacuation
with sheltering could occur with some of these storms. See Hazards Specific Annex L for detailed
information on all hazards for the county. Flooding, tornadoes and winter storms present the greatest
reoccurring natural threats.
Hazard Type
Occurrence
Impact on Health and Safety
Impact on Property
Limited - Moderate - Major
Limited - Moderate - Major
Natural Hazard
Drought
Earthquake
Flash Flooding
Hurricane
Tornado
Wildfire
Winter Storm
Occasional
Unlikely
Likely
Unlikely
Highly Likely
Unlikely
Likely
Limited
Limited
Moderate
Limited
Limited
Limited
Moderate
Limited
Limited
Moderate
Limited
Moderate
Limited
Limited
Man Made Hazard
Dam Failure
Energy Failure
Hazmat Oil Spill
Major Structure Fire
Radiological Incident
Highway / Railroad
Pipeline Incident
Water System Failure
Unlikely
Likely
Occasional
Occasional
Unlikely
Occasional
Unlikely
Occasional
Major
Moderate
Limited
Limited
Moderate
Limited
Limited
Moderate
Major
Limited
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Limited
Limited
Limited
Security Hazard
Terrorism
Civil Disorder
Military Attack
Unlikely
Unlikely
Unlikely
Moderate
Limited
Limited
Moderate
Limited
Moderate
Industrial Facilities
Coshocton County has 15 industrial facilities that report to the Local Emergency Planning Committee
that keeps an inventory of Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS). There are dozens of other
facilities and smaller businesses that use, store, or generate a hazardous substance but are not EHS
facilities. This includes oil and gas companies.
Many facilities are not required to file under the Title III guidelines; however, they do have hazardous
substances on site. See the Hazardous Materials Plan for a list of the Extremely Hazardous
Substances (EHS) facilities with location and contact name. It is estimated that the civilian labor force
is at approximately 2,000 workers with over 20 manufacturing, service and distribution industries.
Abandoned Mine Land
Coshocton County has many areas with abandoned mine lands. Coshocton County has both
underground and surface mines. Problems with abandoned mines include, but are not limited to,
subsidence, mine gases, mine drainage, landslides, and pit impoundments, flooding, open mine
portals and shafts, and domestic water supplies impacted by acid mine drainage.
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Building homes, garages, roads, septic systems and other such features above abandoned
underground mines can cause structural problems if subsidence occurs. Subsidence, in the context
of underground mining, is the lowering of the earth’s surface due to collapse of bedrock and
unconsolidated materials (sand, gravel, salt, and clay) into underground mined areas. Contractors
can request site information on abandoned mines by contacting the Ohio Department of Natural
Resources.
Terrorism
Americans today face threats posed by hostile governments or extremist groups. These threats to
national security include acts of terrorism and acts of war. Acts of terrorism include assassinations,
kidnappings, hijackings, bomb scares, and bombings, cyber attacks (computer-based), and the use of
chemical, biological and nuclear weapons. Terrorists often use threats to create fear among the
public, to try to convince citizens that their government is powerless to prevent terrorism, and to get
immediate publicity for their causes. Coshocton County is no exception. High-risk targets include
public schools, and a coal powered electric generation facility. Terrorists might target large public
gatherings, and the public water supply.
Preparation for a terrorist incident is much the same way as preparation for other crisis events.
Response to terrorism in the county would rely on the Sheriff's office, fire departments and public
officials for instructions.
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COSHOCTON COUNTY SPECIAL EVENTS – ANNUAL
ESTIMATED
SIZE
MONTH
NAME
TYPE
LOCATION
April
Sportsman's Show
Trade Show
April / May
Annual Dogwood Festival
Festival
County Fairgrounds
Pomerene Center and
Towne Centre
500
May
Festival
Lake Park
600
June
Annual Dulcimer Days
Annual Hot Air Balloon
Festival
Festival
County Fairgrounds
1000
June
Corvette Cruise-In
Festival
Roscoe Village
1500
June
Annual Heritage Craft and
Olde Time Music Festival
Festival
Roscoe Village
1500
County Fairgrounds
2500
Roscoe Village
2500
750
3000
July
July
August
August
4th of July Celebration
Annual Civil War
Reenactment
Fabulous 50's Car and Truck
Show
Annual Coshocton Canal
Festival
Festival
Car and Truck
Show
Festival
Town Centre
Roscoe Village and
Towne Centre
750
September
September
October
Art Walk
Festival
Towne Centre
500
County Fair
County Fair
County Fairgrounds
3000
October
Annual Apple Butter Stirrin'
Festival
Roscoe Village
4000
December
Christmas Candle Lightings
Roscoe Village
2500
All Year
High School Events
At Schools
250 to 1500
Sports,
Concerts, etc.
Note: A copy of the Special Events Calendar can also be found in the Hazardous Materials Plan.
- 16 -
Capability Assessment
Coshocton County is serviced by fire departments from eight (8) locations. Within the county, one
department is staffed 24 x 7 and seven (7) departments are on call. There are two full-time law
enforcement agencies comprised of a county sheriff department and one village police department,
West Lafayette.
The county uses a three level snow emergency system for winter storms that is administrated by the
sheriff. The county has an Emergency Management Agency that is equipped to assist in coordinating
most disaster incidents.
A room location system has been installed in all county public schools. The system is called Secure
Our Students (S.O.S.). The system uses permanently installed room signs that have been
electronically stored on an image of each floor of the school building. This enables emergency rescue
personnel to know before arrival the best approach to the building and room.
The local EMA sponsors a certified Skywarn spotters program. The Skywarn program is a program
made up of residents who receive training and report severe weather conditions. More details about
the Skywarn program, procedures and certification are listed in Annex L-B Hazard Planning - Tornado
and Severe Storms, Tab 5.
2.7.3 Mitigation Program
The mitigation program is specifically addressed in the Hazard Mitigation Plan – Coshocton County,
which is a stand alone document.
2.7.4 Resource Management
Coshocton County EMA maintains a separate document that lists services and sources for recovery
material, Coshocton County Emergency Resource Catalog.
An inventory of fire, rescue and Haz-mat equipment can be found in the Hazardous Materials Plan’s
Addendum List.
Volunteer organizations that contribute with emergency skills include:
Skywarn
Phone severe weather conditions to NOAA, Pittsburgh, PA.
REACT
Radio Emergency Associated Communication Team – Assists the Sheriff with
incident scene traffic flow.
ARES
Amateur Radio Emergency Service – Assists with backup communication
capability.
CERT
Community Emergency Response Team – Assists with basic emergency
rescue procedures for individuals, families and neighborhoods.
MRC
Medical Reserve Corps – Assists with specialized medical skills for community
incidents.
2.7.5 Training Program / Public Education Program
Currently, there is a training program that is shared among all emergency responders including fire,
- 17 -
EMS and law enforcement. Opportunities for training are available to individuals in support agencies
such as civic and professional groups throughout the county. Training is provided in cooperation with
the LEPC through different funding opportunities. The EMA office currently uses resources from the
American Red Cross, Coshocton County Health District, Ohio Fire Academy, OEMA, National Fire
Academy, FEMA and other private and public educational facilities.
The main areas of training are centered on storm spotters, hazardous materials, weapons of mass
destruction and NIMS ICS. The private sector in cooperation with the emergency response agencies
strives to keep their respective entities trained to enhance their readiness in the event of a man made
or natural disaster. The close working relationship between private industry and emergency response
agencies permits rapid evaluation of the needs and capabilities in the county. A post exercise critique
is performed and an after-action report is developed to evaluate performance and assess future
training needs.
The EMA uses several opportunities to communicate preparedness to the public. Booths are used to
distribute literature during Safety Saturday sponsored by Coshocton County Emergency Medical
Service, Family Health and Safety Day sponsored by the Farm Bureau, and the county fair. The EMA
Office releases media notices for and participates with other first responders in the National
September focus on preparedness. Media releases are also prepared for the springtime tornado and
winter cold weather alerts.
The EMA office maintains a web site that offers emergency preparedness checklists for individuals
and households. The site also contains information for dealing with various serious weather
conditions.
Public Information representatives from county agencies have made a CD available through a
Speaker’s Bureau to community groups. The primary focus of the CD is to educate the public of
actions and organizations that are currently in place for their protection and what individuals can do to
be prepared for an emergency.
The EMA actively participates with other agencies in Safety Saturday, National Preparedness Month
September and the County Fair where the public has an opportunity to learn of volunteer opportunities
and obtain preparedness literature.
Exercise Program
The county EMA personnel, with representatives for all first level responders, use an escalating
exercise format that consists of a tabletop exercise followed by a full-scale of the tabletop the
following year. Pre-exercise development meetings are scheduled to assure peer agencies’
operational testing requirements are met. During a full-scale exercise, all facets of the EOP are
brought into the development process to test key elements that are pertinent to the disaster specific
exercise. A post exercise critique is performed and an after-action report is developed to evaluate
performance and determine future training needs. The EMA director is responsible to assure changes
are incorporated into the EOP.
Past Exercises (Also listed in the Hazardous Material Plan, Exercise Section 1.5)
Date
Type
Location
Issue
09/06/97
09/12/99
11/19/99
11/12/02
Functional
Functional
Table Top
Full Scale
Richard Downing Airport
Kraft, Inc.
SR 36 and TR 202
AEP
Mass casualty
Ammonia release
Casualty / chemical release for 2000
WMD
- 18 -
03/08/04
06/22/05
08/31/05
04/20/06
04/12/07
Table Top
Table Top
Functional *
Table Top
Functional
Coshocton, Inn & Suites
Coshocton, EOC
Coshocton, Main Street
West Lafayette
West Lafayette
WMD
Chemical release
Chemical release
Chemical release
Chemical release / Terrorism
* Exercise was in addition to the annual LEPC requirements.
2.8 Assignment of Responsibilities
Fire Department Responsibilities:
Shall include but are not limited to fire suppression, search and rescue, evacuation, fire prevention,
hazardous materials, chemical, biological, radiological and other duties that have been assigned by
their political authority. Fire departments shall follow their respective standard operating guidelines
where applicable. A representative will be sent to the EOC, if requested.
Authority:
Township 505.37 Fire rules; fire-fighting equipment and personnel; creation of fire districts; regulation
of emergency medical services organization.
Village 737.22 Appointment of fire chief or fire prevention officer and firefighters.
City 737.21 Municipal fire regulations, department, companies, and rescue units.
All (I) FM-102.7 Authority at fires and emergencies
All 3737.80 Chief of fire department responsible for primary coordination in an emergency hazardous
materials situation.
Law Enforcement Responsibilities:
Shall include, but are not limited to enforcement of the local laws, Ohio Revised Code, crowd control,
traffic control, evacuations, notification of kin communications, warning systems, security of EOC,
shelters, incident sites and other duties as assigned by their respective political authority. Law
enforcement officers shall follow their respective standard operating guidelines where applicable. A
representative will be sent to the EOC, if requested.
Authority:
Township 505.43 Contracts for police protection; status of police department members.
Village 737.18 General powers of village police officers.
City 737.11 General duties of police and fire departments.
County 311.07 General powers and duties of the sheriff.
County 311.04 Deputy Sheriffs.
Emergency Medical Services Responsibilities:
Shall include but are not limited to the triage, treatment and transportation of the sick and injured and
other duties as assigned by their respective political authority. Emergency Medical Services members
shall follow their respective standard operating guidelines and protocol where applicable. A
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Authority:
Township 505.37 Fire rules; fire-fighting equipment and personnel; creation of fire districts; regulation
of emergency medical services organization.
City of Coshocton Ordinance 7-89 Admin Code 127.03 Emergency Squad
Emergency Management Agency Responsibilities:
Shall include but are not limited to the administration of the Emergency Operations Plan, mitigation,
preparedness, activation of the Emergency Operation Center, recovery and other duties as assigned
by their respective political authority. EMA members shall follow their respective standard operating
guidelines where applicable.
Authority:
ORC Chapter 3750 Emergency Planning
ORC Chapter 5502.26 Countywide Emergency Management Agency.
City and County Health Departments Responsibilities:
Shall include, but not be limited to public health issues such as: biological agents, mass
vaccination/prophylaxis, epidemiological investigation, shelter inspections, sanitation inspections, well
testing, vector control, dispensing medication at shelters, animal disposal sites, food and water
inspections, public education and other duties as assigned according to its political authority.
The role of public health in any emergency, including a bio-terrorism event, is an extension of the
general mission of public health: “to promote physical and mental health and prevent disease, injury,
and disability.” The type of emergency and the emergency response plan for each jurisdiction will
determine whether a public health agency is in the lead position, in a collaborative role, or in a
secondary/supportive role. Health Department Staff shall follow their respective standard operating
guidelines where applicable. A representative will be sent to the EOC, if requested.
Authority:
ORC Chapter 3701, 3707, 3709
City of Coshocton and Coshocton County Treasurer Responsibilities:
Shall include but are not limited to fiscal procedures, records retention, pre-designated budget
category, procedure for suspension of normal procurement procedures and other duties as assigned
by their respective political authority. A representative will be sent to the EOC, if requested.
Authority:
ORC Chapter 321
City of Coshocton and Coshocton County Prosecuting Attorney Responsibilities:
Shall include but not be limited to providing opinions regarding legal aspects of the emergency,
ensuring that all applicable laws, statutes, codes and ordinances relevant to the emergency have
been properly documented and other duties as assigned by their respective political authority. A
- 20 -
Authority:
ORC Chapter 309
Engineer / Public Works Responsibilities:
Shall include but are not limited to maintenance of unaffected infrastructure, restoration of affected
infrastructure (to include water, gas, electric, and telephone), debris management (disposal collection,
sorting of debris, storage sites, and disposal sites), detours, and other duties as assigned by their
respective political authority. Members shall follow their respective standard operating guidelines
where applicable. A representative will be sent to the EOC, if requested.
Authority:
ORC Chapter 315
County Coroner Responsibilities:
All deaths, whether natural or otherwise, are to be reported to and investigated by the county coroner.
The county coroner shall be responsible for identifying, tagging, and processing unknown remains in
the event of a disaster. A representative will be sent to the EOC, if requested.
Authority:
ORC Chapter 313.06 Duties of Coroner and his Deputies.
Elected Officials Responsibilities:
Shall include but not be limited to decision-making that affects their political division, authorization of
expenditures, appointment of temporary employees, and development of strategies to reduce litigation
risk. A representative will be sent to the EOC, if requested.
Authority:
ORC Chapter 505.08 Trustee - Contract for services, materials, equipment
or supplies to meet emergency.
ORC Chapter 733.03 Mayors - General powers of mayors in cities; merger of
certain departments.
ORC Chapter 305.12 Commissioners - General powers and duties.
ORC Chapter 125.02 All Suspension of purchasing and contracting requirements
during emergency.
Red Cross Responsibilities:
Shall send a representative to the EOC when requested. Red Cross will take primary responsibility in
organizing shelters.
Chamber of Commerce Responsibilities:
Shall keep an active list of all businesses within the county.
- 21 -
Agency Mutual Aid
Local mutual aid agreements between fire, law, EMS and EMA are included in the EOP along with the
Intra-State Mutual Aid Compact (IMAC), Ohio Fire Chief’s Association Emergency Response Plan and
Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC). EMAC has been adopted by Ohio into law
through ORC 5502.40. A list of Mutual Aid Agreements can be found in Annex I, Resources, Tab 3.
EOC Coordinators Responsibilities:
Detail responsibilities for individuals reporting to the activated EOC are documented in the Handbook
of Emergency Forms.
- 22 -
Salvation Army
Hospital
Media
Red Cross
REACT
ARES
Coroner
Co. Engineer
City, Co. Adm.
X
City, Co Health
X
EMA
X
EMS
X
Sheriff / Police
Haz-Mat
Animal Disposal
Biological
Casualties
Chemicals
Code Legislation
Communication
Crowd Control
Deaths
Declarations
Debris Management
Detours
Disposal Sites
Evacuation
Expenses
Epidemiology
Fire
Food Inspections
Hazardous Materials
Housing - Temporary
Infrastructure
Law Enforcement
Notification
Medical Transport
Medical Service
Mitigation
Ordinances
Preparedness
Public Health
Radiological
Recovery
Sanitation Inspections
Statutes
Shelter, Pets
Shelter, Inspections
Shelter, Management
Shelter, Medications
Triage / Treatment
Vaccinations, Mass
Vector Control
Waste Disposal
Water, Well Inspection
Fire Dept.
Responsibilities and Agencies
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
- 23 -
X
2.9 Continuity of Operations Plan
The continuity of operation for the Emergency Management Agency and Emergency Operation
Center in the time of disaster is detailed in a separate document entitled Continuity of Operations
Plan.
- 24 -
3. RESPOND
3.1 Initial Notification
Coshocton County utilizes Enhanced 911 with the primary Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) at
the Coshocton County Sheriff’s Office. The secondary PSAP is at the Coshocton City Fire
Department. If one of the PSAPs is down for any reason, then the calls are routed to the other. Both
PSAPs are equipped with computer aided dispatch software that displays jurisdiction information for
fire, EMS and law enforcement. This information is then relayed through FAX, alpha pager, and
telephones.
All hazard radios in the Sheriff's dispatch room, EOC, and twenty two (22) other public locations will
receive notification from the national weather service.
All fire departments are dispatched by radio. The law enforcement agencies are dispatched with direct
radio contact and alpha pagers. The PSAPs communicate to surrounding counties and agencies for
possible involvement using phone and LEADS teletype. Alpha pagers are used as a backup by the
fire chief, HazMat captain, and the fire prevention officer.
For public notification of an emergency, Coshocton County has a total of seven (7) siren locations.
The sheriff’s department can place a voiceover announcement on the Adelphia cable system.
There are established levels of emergency notification used by personnel in the Sheriff’s Department
for snow and hazardous materials.
WTNS 99.3 FM, 1560 AM Radio and Cable Channel 2 of Coshocton will use Emergency Alert
System.
West Lafayette residents use Time-Warner cable service. A call is made to the mayor’s office to
create an emergency message for broadcast on the community channel. The request is
executed through the Zanesville WHIZ newsroom, 740-452-5431.
3.2 Incident Assessment
Incident assessment is dependant upon the type of emergency that exists regardless of the disaster.
First response personnel have been trained in the incident command systems. Scene safety is the
first item assessed followed by life safety, property conservation, and environmental concerns. If life
safety is an item of concern, victims are triaged, and then treatment and transport are assigned.
Property conservation is addressed by evaluating the infrastructure needs such as utilities,
transportation and building integrity. Many times the impact on the environment is greater then first
considered. Extra care should be given to properly evaluate the effects that this may have on the eco
system. This is the reason that it is so important to monitor the effects that an incident will have on the
environment well into the future with local health and environmental professionals.
3.3 Incident Command System (ICS)
The Incident Command System, adopted by Coshocton County emergency responders, is consistent
with the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and is detailed in Standard Operation
Procedures, Section E.
- 25 -
3.4 Emergency Operations Center Activation (EOC)
The EOC is the central coordination point for receiving, analyzing, reporting and directing disaster
related information. Within the EOC, local decision makers coordinate emergency response services.
The procedures for activating, operating and deactivating the EOC are detailed in Standard Operation
Procedures, Section C.
The primary location of the EOC is located in the County Services Building, 724 S. 7th Street, Room
B-100 (basement), Coshocton.
3.5 Communications
The primary Coshocton county communication method is by UHF high band radio that is used for
communications with county fire, EMS, EMA and mutual aid companies.
There are several alternatives for secondary EOC communications. There is a Multi-Agency Radio
Communications System (MARCS) radio that is used to communicate with local, state and federal
agencies and with a specific disaster talk group for the county. Locally, the EOC, County and City
Health Departments, Sheriff, A.R.E.S. communication van and Community Hospital (CCMH) are
equipped with MARCS radios.
There are two (2) amateur radio systems used for communications outside the state and back-up to
the EOC primary system. There are three (3) network computers available for Internet and Email
access. One (1) computer is located in the EOC and two (2) are in the adjoining staff office. FAX
capability is available from the EOC office.
The communications coordinator’s first task is to confirm and post radio frequencies / talkgroups and
emergency phone numbers for communications between the EOC, command post and any remote
EOC. The Communications Coordinators responsibilities are listed in the Handbook of Emergency
Forms.
Communications between on-scene personnel and other agencies are accomplished by the use of
high band, low band, MARCS, cell phones, and amateur radio. A chart describing the radio
frequencies used by first responders is available in the Controlled and Sensitive Information
Document. The chart identifies radio frequencies that are used to communicate between EOC,
agencies, and emergency organizations. See Communications Annex B for additional
communication details.
3.6 Emergency Medical Services
Standard medical procedures are the normal procedures used by medical service and are part of their
standard operating procedures.
See Annex H Mass Casualty - Fatality Plan for triage identification procedures
3.7 Public Notification and Warning
The Sheriff's Department may advise the public of inclement weather conditions or hazardous
material incident on their own initiative. The following procedures describe the partially or fully
activated EOC and PIO coordinator’s responsibilities.
- 26 -
When a disaster occurs in Coshocton County or surrounding counties, the Sheriff’s Department
receives the notification. Next, the EMA director is notified by phone, and reports to the Emergency
Operations Center to assess the issue or monitor conditions, like weather conditions.
When the public is to be notified, the Public Information Officer (PIO) reports to the EOC and begins
coordination activities. The public is notified of an impending possible disaster through radio,
television, EAS, cable television, the Emergency Telephone Calling System (formerly
Code Red / Reverse 911) and siren system.
After conferring with local officials, the senior EMA official may disseminate additional safety
information to the public by using the County Emergency Public Notification Form in the Handbook of
Emergency Forms. The Public Notification Form is used to keep the public informed on the progress
of relief efforts with a hot line number for questions.
The Public Information Officer (PIO) will coordinate with the Emergency Operations Center and
schedule all press briefings and schedule appropriate time and location for the briefings. The PIO will
use the directions detailed in the Standard Operating Procedures, Section B.
Local media contacts are listed in the Emergency Reference Directory. The PIO may use prepared
media scripts to speed information dissemination. A list of prepared scripts is in the Standard
Operating Procedures. When an evacuation has been executed, residents will receive status
information periodically by public media both newspaper and radio.
Special needs populations have been identified, and a system to notify these individuals has been
established. The PIO will execute periodic information releases to disseminate directional information
to the appropriate populations.
Home Bound and Special Needs Persons are encouraged to establish a neighbor, family member or
agency as a primary care giver. When inclement weather prohibits support, the home bound person
may call the activated EOC for assistance. Coordinators at the EOC will apply their best effort to
arrange support / service to the resident.
Emergency Telephone Calling System (formerly Code Red or Reverse 911)
The Emergency Management Agency can use a service that will generate a call to lists of telephone
subscribers. The service generates out going calls using a recorded message at a rate of 60,000
calls per hour to subscribers based upon:
1.
2.
3.
4.
A geographic radius from the incident center
A geographic square surrounding the incident area
ZIP codes or
Pre-recorded list of phone numbers, i.e., REACT members.
Procedures for executing this notification method are detailed in the Controlled and Sensitive
Information Document, Section 7.
Door-to-door notification by emergency service personnel and/or neighborhood-to-neighborhood
announcements from emergency vehicles with public address systems may be required for
evacuation of areas.
3.8 Evacuation and Sheltering in Place
- 27 -
Conditions present to declare an evacuation area should include any condition that would be deemed
immediate danger to life and health (IDLH). The fire department with jurisdiction has the responsibility
to declare an evacuation area based on information they have concerning the emergency. Law
enforcement is responsible for evacuations that involve a security threat. Agencies with pertinent
input work as a team to establish the evacuation area.
Once an evacuation area has been identified, agencies formulate an appropriate evacuation action
plan. Transportation of evacuees out of the evacuated area will be accomplished using resources in
the Transportation category of the Emergency Resource Catalog. The Emergency Resource Catalog
contains contact information for school busses and busses with wheelchair lift capability.
If a resident refuses to evacuate, the address should be documented, and, if possible, an Evacuation
Refusal Form signed with emergency contact numbers for next of kin, if possible. Reference the
Refusal Form in the Handbook of Emergency Forms.
When the evacuated area has been declared safe by appropriate authorities, the PIO will use public
radio, cable TV and Emergency Telephone Calling System (formerly Reverse 911) to notify the public
that it is safe to return. No evacuee should be allowed to reenter the evacuated area until they have
been given an Evacuee Reentry Document. See Handbook of Emergency Forms. This document
should address any short or long-term health concerns, possible consequences associated with
returning to the area, and possible follow-up with public health.
The Coshocton County Humane Society, Dog Warden, Wildlife Officer and OSU Extension Agent will
address issues concerning displaced pets, livestock, and treatment of endangered wildlife.
Emergency veterinary contact numbers are listed in the Emergency Reference Directory. See
Standard Operating Procedures, Section entitled Emergency Care for Companion Animals for
additional details.
Sheltering In-Place is another response to assure public safety. Because of response time or weather
conditions, sheltering in-place may be a safer response. After a decision by Incident Command, mass
media will be used to provide public information and direction. See Standard Operating Procedures,
Sheltering-In-Place procedure for additional details.
3.9 Sheltering, Mass Care and Special Needs
The American Red Cross (ARC) is responsible for identifying, certifying and staffing shelters, and
feeding emergency workers in the county. They have a plan in place that covers agreements and
standard operating guidelines reception centers, bedding, food, water, crisis counseling, clergy, and
communications. The Red Cross has agreements with surrounding counties to assist with staffing and
additional shelters if needed. The ARC will coordinate the opening of shelters with the IC and/or the
EOC to ensure that the shelters meet current needs.
Plans have been developed for large scale sheltering in three (3) county high schools. These plans
are activated when there is a need for protecting more than100 persons. These procedures are in the
EMA's Standard Operating Procedures.
If requested, the EMA will provide a communication liaison person at each shelter. A message board
will be provided at each shelter to keep the evacuees informed on the status of the incident. The Red
Cross and respective Health Department will coordinate efforts to address the needs of individuals
who have come from nursing homes and other similar facilities / situations.
The Red Cross manages food for shelters. When a disaster has been declared, arrangements have
been made for sourcing emergency food from the public schools. See the Food category in the
- 28 -
Emergency Resource Catalog for contact information.
Individuals will be screened for contamination and will complete a healthcare questionnaire, identify
emergency contacts, and any unaccounted for relatives. No individual who has been exposed to a
hazard will enter a shelter without being decontaminated. The individual in charge of the shelter shall
notify the EOC if there is a need for decontamination.
The EMA, Coshocton County Animal Shelter volunteers, and Dog Warden will coordinate the care for
evacuee’s pets.
Each shelter shall report evacuee activity to the Evacuation Coordinator, who will maintain a master
list of evacuees, (reference Handbook of Emergency Forms, Evacuation Status Form) and be the
point of contact concerning evacuees, displaced or missing persons. The public’s remaining needs
will be resolved by the appropriate agency when the need is identified.
The Sheriff is responsible for shelter security. Fire departments are responsible for determining inplace sheltering during hazardous materials and WMD incidents. Emergency agencies will use tools
such as CAMEO, ALOHA, MARPLOT, and Chemtrac service, and support agencies to determine
when to establish in-place sheltering. The same tools used to establish in-place sheltering are used to
determine when to terminate the in-place sheltering order. There may be an evacuation order to the
same area as the IDLH environment has passed, but a potential hazard may still exist. The public is
notified by the use of the County Emergency Public Notification Form. See the Handbook of
Emergency Forms for an example.
See Annex H for Mass Care / Sheltering details.
3.10 Public and Mental Health
There are two health agencies within the county, the Coshocton County Health Department and
Coshocton City Health Department. The Coshocton County Health Department is the lead agency
concerning public health issues in the county. The County Health department has in place a standard
operating guidelines dealing with all facets of public health issues. The Incident Commander will
confer with the EOC to identify any public health issues and how they will affect the community. The
Health Services Coordinator shall work with local, state and federal health officials, along with the
Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Disease Control, Department of Agriculture, State Board
of Pharmacy and any other pertinent agencies to ensure accurate and timely dissemination of public
health information.
In the event of water shortage or water systems are contaminated, Red Cross will provide bottled
water. Local merchants will be solicited for donations of water. When conditions dictate, the health
departments will issue boil alerts.
Contact information for Port-a-Pots is listed in the Emergency Resource Catalog.
The city and county health departments will coordinate services needed for insect and rodent control
and biological waste.
The health departments have identified areas for disposal of animal carcasses and will work with local
officials to address removal and disposal.
As of the year 2000, funeral directors are required to attach an identification tag to each body prior to
burial. This will assist in the identification of bodies in the event a cemetery/grave site is impacted by
a disaster. Local officials will assist in identifying which graves may have been affected.
- 29 -
The Coshocton County Health Department has access to pharmaceutical companies for medications
needed in a disaster environment. There are limited medical supplies available from the local hospital,
and care should be given not to deplete the hospital’s ability to operate in a disaster.
Toxicology testing will be coordinated between the County Health Department and the Ohio
Department of Health.
4. RECOVERY
4.1 Damage Assessment
If Coshocton County is affected by an emergency / disaster, the EMA will conduct a check of reported
damage areas, along with an examination of the vicinity for other unreported damage. This initial
damage assessment will be completed after 12 hours of the incident. Findings will be sent to the Ohio
EMA. After local resources have been exhausted and additional assistance is still needed, a
Declaration of Emergency will be made by the County Commissioners or the local jurisdiction. Within
12-36 hours of the disaster, Coshocton County EMA will arrange for a more detailed damage report
that is forwarded to Ohio EMA for each homeowner, renter, business, government and private-nonprofit organization.
Later, the Coshocton County EMA will provide a Damage and Needs Assessment Report for each
damaged building. The EMA will check each form to ensure that all needed information is filled out
and correct before submitting it to the Ohio Emergency Management Agency (OEMA). Forms
associated with damage assessment are found in the Handbook of Emergency Forms.
The health departments and fire department with jurisdiction should coordinate efforts in the event a
structure has been significantly damaged and a determination for destruction needs to be made.
Officials should refer to “Unsafe Buildings”, Section 115, Ohio Building Code.
4.2 Debris Management
Debris classification, removal, FEMA support, contractor contact information are detailed in the
Disaster Recovery, Annex J.
4.3 Infrastructure / Public Works
There are no large above or below ground storage facilities for hazardous materials, fuels or other
chemicals that would largely devastate the county. There are three (3) waste treatment systems
serving three (3) communities in the county and several smaller systems that serve public schools
and developments. Each of the waste treatment plants has runoff into local streams. If a system is
overburdened by flood waters, there is the chance that raw sewage may be introduced into the
stream. In the event this occurs, the treatment plants are to notify OEPA of the incident for impact on
the eco system.
Bridges are limiting factors for roads in the county as railroad crossings are for traffic flow in
Coshocton City. In the event a disaster disrupts the infrastructure of the county, the Utility / Public
Works Coordinator will form a task group to identify and prioritize needed restoration, keeping in mind
special needs population and other factors that would help with prioritization. The Utility / Public
Works Coordinator will use the same procedure with debris removal as used with the infrastructure.
In the rural parts of the county, electric power is vulnerable to ice storms and falling trees. Without
electric power, well water pumps become inoperable, refrigerated foods are at risk and cell phones
- 30 -
fail.
The recovery will be directed to the Public Works Coordinator who will consult with the engineer,
township trustees and road departments of the affected areas to prioritize needed repairs to the
county road system. Prioritization should be given to areas that provide access to medical, assisted
living, and critical infrastructure facilities.
Forty percent of Coshocton County’s population has private wells and septic systems. The Public
Works Coordinator will work with the local environmental health departments and the OEPA to ensure
that water and waste treatment facilities in the affected areas have been inspected before resuming
operations. The Public Works Coordinator will work with utility (gas, electric, telephone, cable)
companies to establish the prioritization of utility restoration. See the Emergency Resource Catalog
for listing of utilities and contact information.
The Public Works Coordinator will work with elected officials and others to reduce the economic
impact on the community. All agencies involved with the restoration of public utilities should be aware
of the consequences of their actions when dealing with the preservation of historical property,
buildings, and monuments.
4.4 Documentation
It will be the responsibility of public entities to prepare their own documentation and forward it to the
Coshocton County EMA for consolidation prior to being sent to Ohio EMA. Coshocton County EMA
will be responsible for assembling documentation. Each agency/organization should document costs
incurred from the beginning of the emergency. The incident may start out small and later be declared
a disaster. Therefore, the documentation of all costs is extremely important.
Documentation should include:
A summary of the incident (what, when, where, why, how it happened)
Response actions taken
Names of responders
Economic Impact
Equipment expenses
Labor expenses
Supply expenses
Lessons Learned
Documentation may be used as historical record, to address insurance needs, assist in cost recovery,
and develop future mitigation efforts. The Coshocton County EMA will acquire all documentation and
prepare an official summary of the disaster for the historical record of the county.
4.5 Critique
The Coshocton County EMA utilizes evaluators to access the effectiveness of each agency engaged
in the exercise or incident. The purpose of the evaluation is to create a forum whereby inefficiencies,
interoperability, equipment shortfalls, and incomplete procedures are identified and that will need to
be changed for the future.
The county fire and law enforcement departments have in place critique policies and procedures for
incidents. These agencies would be asked to prepare a critique as it relates to the interoperability of
its department within the totality of the disaster. The Coshocton County EMA will conduct a
countywide critique and a needs-assessment from the critique with recommended implementation of
the corrections. The EMA director is responsible to ensure changes are incorporated into the
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Coshocton County Emergency Operations Plan.
5 REFERENCES
5.1 Definition of Terms and Acronyms
5.1.1 Definition of Terms
Access Control Point: A point established by law enforcement to control access to a secure and/or potentially hazardous
area.
Action Plan: A written document completed by a state-level organization during an emergency that details that
organization’s proposed activities for a 24 hour period.
Air Bust: The explosion of a nuclear weapon that at such a height that the expanding fireball does not touch the earth’s
surface resulting in little or no fallout.
Agency: A division of government with a specific function offering a particular kind of assistance. In ICS, agencies are
defined either as jurisdictional (having statutory responsibility for incident management) or as assisting or cooperating
(providing resources or other assistance).
Agency Representative: A person assigned by a primary, assisting, or cooperating Federal, State, local, or tribal
government agency or private entity that has been delegated authority to make decisions affecting that agency's or
organization's participation in incident management activities following appropriate consultation with the leadership of that
agency.
American Red Cross (ARC): A quasi-governmental agency largely for relief of suffering and welfare activities during war
and disaster. The ARC operates under a Congressional charter and is supported by the people. Internationally, it operates
in accordance with the Treaty of Geneva.
Assembly Point: A designated location for responders to meet, organize and prepare equipment prior to moving into the
emergency site.
Appendix: Attachment to an annex providing technical information, details, methods, and/or hazard specific procedures to
that annex.
Area Command (Unified Area Command): An organization established (1) to oversee the management of multiple
incidents that are each being handled by an ICS organization or (2) to oversee the management of large or multiple incidents
to which several Incident Management Teams have been assigned. Area Command has the responsibility to set overall
strategy and priorities, allocate critical resources according to priorities, ensure that incidents are properly managed, and
ensure that objectives are met and strategies followed. Area Command becomes Unified Area Command when incidents are
multi-jurisdictional. Area Command may be established at an emergency operations center facility or at some location other
than an incident command post.
Assessment: The evaluation and interpretation of measurements and other information to provide a basis for decisionmaking.
Assignments: Tasks given to resources to perform within a given operational period that are based on operational
objectives defined in the IAP.
Assistant: Title for subordinates of principal Command Staff positions. The title indicates a level of technical capability,
qualifications, and responsibility subordinate to the primary positions. Assistants may also be assigned to unit leaders.
Assisting Agency: An agency or organization providing personnel, services, or other resources to the agency with direct
responsibility for incident management. See also Supporting Agency.
Attack Warning: A civil defense warning that an actual attack against this country has been detected.
Available Resources: Resources assigned to an incident, checked in, and available for a mission assignment, normally
located in a Staging Area
Base Camp: A location that is in or near the site of the emergency equipped and staffed to provide sleeping facilities, food,
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water and sanitary services to responds personnel.
Biological Agents: Microorganisms or toxins from living organisms that have infectious or noninfectious properties that
produce lethal or serous effects in plants or animals.
Blast Wave: A sharply defined wave of increased pressure rapidly propagated through a surrounding medium from a center
of detonation or similar disturbance.
Branch: The organizational level having functional or geographical responsibility for major aspects of incident operations. A
branch is organizationally situated between the section and the division or group in the Operations Section, and between the
section and units in the Logistics Section. Branches are identified by the use of Roman numerals or by functional area.
Catastrophic Disaster: An event or incident which produces severe and widespread damages of a magnitude that
requires significant resources from outside the affected area to produce the necessary response.
Catastrophic Disaster Response Group: The national-level group of representatives from Federal departments and
agencies. The CDRG serves as a centralized coordinating group which supports the on-scene Federal response and
recovery efforts. Its members have access to the appropriate policymakers in their respective parent organization to
facilitate decisions on problems and policy issues.
Census Tract: A nonpolitical, geographical subdivision of no standard size, but within a city, town, county, or other political
jurisdiction; it is used by the U.S. Bureau of Census as a convenient and flexible unit for surveying and aggregating
population, housing, and other demographic or economic statistics. In most instances, a tract corresponds to Standard
Location Area.
Chain of Command: A series of command, control, executive, or management positions in hierarchical order of authority.
Check-In: The process through which resources first report to an incident. Check-in locations include the incident command
post, Resources Unit, incident base, camps, staging areas, or directly on the site.
Chemical Agents: Solids, liquids or gases that have chemical properties that produce serious or lethal effects in plants or
animals.
Chief: The ICS title for individuals responsible for management of functional sections: Operations, Planning, Logistics,
Finance/Administration, and Intelligence (if established as a separate section).
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR): Title 44, refers to Emergency Management and Assistance, Civil Defense; Title 40,
29, and 49 refer to Hazardous Materials.
Command: The act of directing, ordering, or controlling by virtue of explicit statutory, regulatory, or delegated authority.
Command Staff: In an incident management organization, the Command Staff consists of the Incident Command and the
special staff positions of Public Information Officer, Safety Officer, Liaison Officer, and other positions as required, who
report directly to the Incident Commander. They may have an assistant or assistants, as needed.
Command Post: An element in the Incident Command system. A facility located at a safe distance from the emergency
site where the on-scene coordinators, responders, and technical representatives can make response decisions, deploy
manpower and equipment, maintain liaison with media, and handle communications.
Common Operating Picture: A broad view of the overall situation as reflected by situation reports, aerial photography, and
other information or intelligence.
Communications Unit: An organizational unit in the Logistics Section responsible for providing communication services at
an incident or an EOC. A Communications Unit may also be a facility (e.g., a trailer or mobile van) used to support an
Incident Communications Center.
Comprehensive Emergency Management (CEM): An all inclusive approach in combining the four phases of emergency
management, which are:
(1) Mitigation: those activities which eliminate or reduce the probability of disaster;
(2) Preparedness: those activities which governments, organization, and individuals develop to save lives and minimize
damage;
(3) Response: To prevent loss of lives and property and provide emergency assistance; and
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(4) Recovery: Short and long-term activities which return all systems to normal or improved standards.
Consequence Management: Measures to provide public health and safety, restore essential government services and
provide emergency relief to governments, businesses, and individuals affected by all hazards including terrorist acts.
Cooperating Agency: An agency supplying assistance other than direct operational or support functions or resources to
the incident management effort.
Coordinate: To advance systematically an analysis and exchange of information among principals who have or may have a
need to know certain information to carry out specific incident management responsibilities.
Coordinated Universal Time: The standard reference time used throughout the world based on the time at the Royal
Observatory in Greenwich, England. Using the 24-hour system to convert to Greenwich Time:
Add 5 hours to Eastern Standard Time (EST).
Add 6 hours to Central Standard Time (CST).
Add 7 hours to Mountain Standard Time (MST).
Add 8 hours to Pacific Standard Time (PST).
Also called “UTC” Time for Zero Meridian.
Crisis Action System: Levels of activation used during emergency response. There are four levels in this system of
activation, CAS I and II are used during response for assessment and CAS III and IV are used during response to protect
lives and property.
Crisis Management: Measures to identify, acquire, and plan the use of resources needed to anticipate, prevent and/or
resolve a hazardous threat.
Critical Facilities: Facilities essential to emergency response, such as fire stations, police stations, hospitals, and
communication centers.
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing: Assistance provided by a trained team of health workers that assist emergency
personnel in dealing with stress.
Critical worker: An individual whose skills or services are required to continue operation of vital facilities and activities.
The individual may also be called an Essential Employee.
Damage Assessment: The appraisal or determination of the actual effects resulting from a disaster/emergency.
Defense Coordinating Officer: Supported and provided by the Department of Defense (DOD) to serve in the field as the
point of contact to the Federal Coordinating Officer (FCO) and the ESFs regarding requests for military assistance. The
DCO and staff coordinate support and provide liaison to the ESFs.
Deputy: A fully qualified individual who, in the absence of a superior, can be delegated the authority to manage a functional
operation or perform a specific task. In some cases, a deputy can act as relief for a superior and, therefore, must be fully
qualified in the position. Deputies can be assigned to the Incident Commander, General Staff, and Branch Directors.
Designated Area: The geographic area designated under a Presidential major disaster declaration which is eligible to
receive disaster assistance in accordance with provisions of Public Law (P.L.) 93-288, as amended.
Disaster: Any imminent threat or actual occurrence of widespread or severe damage, injury, or loss of life or property
resulting from a natural or man-made cause, including, but not limited to fire, flood, snowstorm, ice storm, tornado,
windstorm, water contamination, utility failure, hazardous material incident, epidemic, drought, terrorist activities, riots, civil
disorders, hostile military or paramilitary actions.
Disaster Field officer: The office established in or near the designated area to support Federal and state response and
recovery operations. The DFO houses the FCO and the Emergency Response Team (ERT), and where possible, the State
Coordinating Officer (SCO) and support staff.
Disaster Recovery Center: A local center established following a major disaster, staffed by various state and federal
agencies to provide assistance to individuals.
Dispatch: The ordered movement of a resource or resources to an assigned operational mission or an administrative move
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from one location to another.
Division: The partition of an incident into geographical areas of operation. Divisions are established when the number of
resources exceeds the manageable span of control of the Operations Chief. A division is located within the ICS organization
between the branch and resources in the Operations Section.
Dose: A quantity (total or accumulated) of ionizing (or nuclear) radiation, experienced by a person or animal.
Dose Rate: As a general rule, the amount of ionizing (or nuclear) radiation to which an individual would be exposed, or that
he would receive per unit of time.
Dosimeter: An instrument for measuring and registering total accumulated exposure to ionizing radiations.
Dosimeter Charger: An instrument used to reset a dosimeter to a beginning or zero reading.
Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP): Energy radiated by nuclear detonation which may affect or damage electronic components
and equipment.
Emergency: Absent a presidential declared emergency, any incident(s), human-caused or natural, that requires responsive
action to protect life or property. Under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, an emergency
means any occasion or instance for which, in the determination of the President, Federal assistance is needed to
supplement State and local efforts and capabilities to save lives and to protect property and public health and safety, or to
lessen or avert the threat of a catastrophe in any part of the United States.
Emergency Alert System (EAS): Consists of broadcast stations and interconnecting facilities which have been authorized
by the Federal Communications Commission to operate in a controlled manner during a war, state of public peril or disaster,
or other national emergency – as outlined in the regional and state EAS plans.
Emergency Management Performance Grant: Federal matching funds to state and local agencies for personnel and
administrative expense.
Emergency Management Director/Coordinator: The individual who is directly responsible on a day-to-day basis for the
jurisdiction’s effort to develop a capability for coordinated response to and recovery from the effects of attack-related and
other large-scale disaster.
Emergency Operations Centers (EOCs): The physical location at which the coordination of information and resources to
support domestic incident management activities normally takes place. An EOC may be a temporary facility or may be
located in a more central or permanently established facility, perhaps at a higher level of organization within a jurisdiction.
EOCs may be organized by major functional disciplines (e.g., fire, law enforcement, and medical services), by jurisdiction
(e.g., Federal, State, regional, county, city, tribal), or some combination thereof.
Emergency Operations Plan (EOP): The "steady-state" plan maintained by various jurisdictional levels for responding to a
wide variety of potential hazards. A document that identifies the available personnel, equipment, facilities, supplies, and
other resources in the jurisdiction and states the method or scheme for coordinated actions to be taken by individuals and
government services in the event of natural or manmade disaster. It describes a jurisdiction’s emergency organization and its
means of coordination with other jurisdictions. It assigns functional responsibilities to the elements of the emergency
organizations, and it details tasks to be carried out at times and places projected as accurately as permitted by the nature of
each situation addressed.
Emergency Public Information: Information that is disseminated primarily in anticipation of an emergency or during an
emergency. In addition to providing situational information to the public, it also frequently provides directive actions required
to be taken by the general public.
Emergency Response Provider: Includes Federal, State, local, and tribal emergency public safety, law enforcement,
emergency response, emergency medical (including hospital emergency facilities), and related personnel, agencies, and
authorities. See Section 2 (6), Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135 (2002). Also known as
Emergency Responder.
Emergency Response Team (ERT): A federal interagency team, consisting of the lead representative from each Federal
department or agency assigned primary responsibility for an ESF and key members of the Federal Coordinating Officer
(FCO’s) staff, formed to assist the FCO in carrying out his/her coordination responsibilities. The ERT provides a forum for
coordinating the overall resolving issues related to ESF and other response requirements. ERT members respond to and
meet as requested by the FCO. The ERT may be expanded by the FCO to include designated representatives of other
Federal departments and agencies as needed.
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Essential Elements of Information: A list of informational items required for continuous assessment and state
recommendations during assessment, response and recovery operations.
Essential Employee: A person whose authority and/or expertise is required during an emergency. May also be called a
Critical Worker.
Evacuation: Organized, phased, and supervised withdrawal, dispersal, or removal of civilians from dangerous or potentially
dangerous areas, and their reception and care in safe areas.
Evacuee: The individual who is moved to a less hazardous area. Also, may be referred to as a relocatee.
Event: A planned, non-emergency activity. ICS can be used as the management system for a wide range of events, e.g.,
parades, concerts, or sporting events.
Executive Order (EO): A rule or order having the force of law, issued by an executive authority of a government.
Federal Coordinating Officer: The senior Federal officer appointed in accordance with provisions of P.L. 93-288, as
amended to coordinate the overall response and recovery activities. The FCO represents the President as provided by
Section 303 of 93-288, as mended, for the purpose of coordinating the administration of Federal relief activities in the
designated area.
Field Coordinator: An agent of the Ohio EMA who acts as a liaison between the affected area, the EMA Director, and the
State of Ohio during emergencies.
Functional Area Annex Coordinator: Person with overall responsibility for coordinating actions within a particular area,
i.e., the County Sheriff is the County Law Enforcement Coordinator.
Function: Function refers to the five major activities in ICS: Command, Operations, Planning, Logistics, and
Finance/Administration. The term function is also used when describing the activity involved, e.g., the planning function. A
sixth function, Intelligence, may be established, if required, to meet incident management needs.
Functions of Emergency Management: Direction and Control, Communications, Warning, Emergency Public Information
(EPI), Evacuation, Reception and Care, Shelter, Health and Medical, Law Enforcement, Public Works, Fire and Rescue,
Radiological Protection, Human Services, Resource Management, Damage Assessment.
General Staff: A group of incident management personnel organized according to function and reporting to the Incident
Commander. The General Staff normally consists of the Operations Section Chief, Planning Section Chief, Logistics Section
Chief, and Finance/Administration Section Chief.
Ground Zero (GZ): The point on the surface of land or water vertically below or above the center of a burst of a nuclear
weapon.
Group: Established to divide the incident management structure into functional areas of operation. Groups are composed of
resources assembled to perform a special function not necessarily within a single geographic division. Groups, when
activated, are located between branches and resources in the Operations Section. (See Division.)
Hazard: A potential event or situation that presents a threat to life and property.
Hazardous Material (HAZMAT): Any substance or material in a quantity or form which may be harmful or injurious to
humans, domestic animals, wildlife, economic crops or property when released into the environment. Hazardous materials
are classified in this plan as chemical, biological, radiological, or explosive.
Chemical: Toxic, corrosive or injurious substances because of inherent chemical properties and includes but is not
limited to petroleum products, paints, plastics, acids, caustics, industrial chemicals, poisons, drugs, mineral fibers
(asbestos).
Biological: Microorganisms or associated products which may cause disease in humans, animals or economic crops
and includes pathogenic wastes from medical institutions, slaughterhouses, poultry processing plants and the like.
Radiological: Any radioactive substance emitting ionizing radiation at a level to produce a health hazard.
Explosive: Material capable of releasing energy with blast effect in a split second upon activation. The released
energy usually damages or destroys objects in close proximity to the blast.
Hazard-Specific Appendix: A document attached to an annex of an EOP or appearing at the end of an EOP that describes
emergency activities that take place only for a specific hazard. The actions cannot be addressed generically.
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Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH): A situation / emergency incident poses a risk the safety of the citizens.
Incident: An occurrence or event, natural or human-caused, that requires an emergency response to protect life or
property. Incidents can, for example, include major disasters, emergencies, terrorist attacks, terrorist threats, wild land and
urban fires, floods, hazardous materials spills, nuclear accidents, aircraft accidents, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes,
tropical storms, war-related disasters, public health and medical emergencies, and other occurrences requiring an
emergency response.
Incident Action Plan (IAP): An oral or written plan containing general objectives reflecting the overall strategy for managing
an incident. It may include the identification of operational resources and assignments. It may also include attachments that
provide direction and important information for management of the incident during one or more operational periods.
Incident Command Post (ICP): The field location at which the primary tactical-level, on-scene incident command functions
are performed. The ICP may be collocated with the incident base or other incident facilities and is normally identified by a
green rotating or flashing light.
Incident Command System (ICS): A standardized on-scene emergency management constructed specifically and
designed to provide for the adoption of an integrated organizational structure that reflects the complexity and demands of
single or multiple incidents, without being hindered by jurisdictional boundaries. ICS is the combination of facilities,
equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications operating within a common organizational structure, designed to aid
in the management of resources during incidents. It is used for all kinds of emergencies and is applicable to small as well as
large and complex incidents. ICS is used by various jurisdictions and functional agencies, both public and private, to
organize field-level incident management operations.
Incident Commander (IC): The individual responsible for all incident activities, including the development of strategies and
tactics and the ordering and the release of resources. The IC has overall authority and responsibility for conducting incident
operations and is responsible for the management of all incident operations at the incident site.
Incident Management Team (IMT): The IC and appropriate Command and General Staff personnel assigned to an
incident.
Incident Objectives: Statements of guidance and direction necessary for selecting appropriate strategy(s) and the tactical
direction of resources. Incident objectives are based on realistic expectations of what can be accomplished when all
allocated resources have been effectively deployed. Incident objectives must be achievable and measurable, yet flexible
enough to allow strategic and tactical alternatives.
Initial Action: The actions taken by those responders first to arrive at an incident site.
Initial Response: Resources initially committed to an incident.
Intelligence Officer: The intelligence officer is responsible for managing internal information, intelligence, and operational
security requirements supporting incident management activities. These may include information security and operational
security activities, as well as the complex task of ensuring that sensitive information of all types (e.g., classified information,
law enforcement sensitive information, proprietary information, or export-controlled information) is handled in a way that not
only safeguards the information, but also ensures that it gets to those who need access to it to perform their missions
effectively and safely.
Ion: An atom which bears an electrical charge, either positive or negative.
Ionization: The process by which ions are produced.
Isotope: Atoms which have the same atomic number of protons, but different atomic mass or mass numbers. Isotopes of a
particular element have almost identical properties.
Joint Information Center (JIC): A facility established to coordinate all incident-related public information activities. It is the
central point of contact for all news media at the scene of the incident. Public information officials from all participating
agencies should collocate at the JIC.
Joint Information System (JIS): Integrates incident information and public affairs into a cohesive organization designed to
provide consistent, coordinated, timely information during crisis or incident operations. The mission of the JIS is to provide a
structure and system for developing and delivering coordinated interagency messages; developing, recommending, and
executing public information plans and strategies on behalf of the IC; advising the IC concerning public affairs issues that
could affect a response effort; and controlling rumors and inaccurate information that could undermine public confidence in
the emergency response effort.
Joint Operations Center (JOC): The JOC is the focal point for all Federal Investigative law enforcement activities during a
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terrorist or potential terrorist incident or any other significant criminal incident, and is managed by the SFLEO. The JOC
becomes a component of the JFO when the NRP is activated.
Jurisdiction: A range or sphere of authority. Public agencies have jurisdiction at an incident related to their legal
responsibilities and authority. Jurisdictional authority at an incident can be political or geographical (e.g., city, county, tribal,
State, or Federal boundary lines) or functional (e.g., law enforcement, public health).
Liaison: A form of communication for establishing and maintaining mutual understanding and cooperation.
Liaison Officer: A member of the Command Staff responsible for coordinating with representatives from cooperating and
assisting agencies
Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC): A local committee responsible for planning for Hazardous Materials
within a district. Created on ORC 3750.
Local Government: A county, municipality, city, town, township, local public authority, school district, special district,
intrastate district, council of governments (regardless of whether the council of governments is incorporated as a nonprofit
corporation under State law), regional or interstate government entity, or agency or instrumentality of a local government; an
Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, or in Alaska a Native village or Alaska Regional Native Corporation; a rural
community, unincorporated town or village, or other public entity. See Section 2 (10), Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L.
107-296, 116 Stat. 2135 (2002).
Local Warning Point: A facility in city, town, or community, which receives warnings and activates the public warning
system in its area of responsibility.
Logistics: Providing resources and other services to support incident management.
Logistics Section: The section responsible for providing facilities, services, and material support for the incident.
Major Disaster: As defined under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122), a
major disaster is any natural catastrophe (including any hurricane, tornado, storm, high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave,
tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, or drought), or, regardless of cause, any fire, flood,
or explosion, in any part of the United States, which in the determination of the President causes damage of sufficient
severity and magnitude to warrant disaster assistance under this Act to supplement the efforts and available resources of
States, tribes, local governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering
caused thereby.
Management by Objective: A management approach that involves a four-step process for achieving the incident goal. The
Management by Objectives approach includes the following: establishing overarching objectives; developing and issuing
assignments, plans, procedures, and protocols; establishing specific, measurable objectives for various incident
management functional activities and directing efforts to fulfill them, in support of defined strategic objectives; and
documenting results to measure performance and facilitate corrective action.
Megaton Energy (MT): The energy of a nuclear (or atomic) explosion which is equivalent to 1,000,000 tons (or 1,000
kilotons) of TNT.
Mitigation: The activities designed to reduce or eliminate risks to persons or property or to lessen the actual or potential
effects or consequences of an incident. Mitigation measures may be implemented prior to, during, or after an incident.
Mitigation measures are often informed by lessons learned from prior incidents. Mitigation involves ongoing actions to reduce
exposure to, probability of, or potential loss from hazards. Measures may include zoning and building codes, floodplain
buyouts, and analysis of hazard related data to determine where it is safe to build or locate temporary facilities. Mitigation
can include efforts to educate governments, businesses, and the public on measures they can take to reduce loss and injury.
Mobilization: The process and procedures used by all organizations (Federal, State, local, and tribal) for activating,
assembling, and transporting all resources that have been requested to respond to or support an incident.
Multi-agency Coordination Entity: A multi-agency coordination entity functions within a broader Multi-agency Coordination
System. It may establish the priorities among incidents and associated resource allocations, deconflict agency policies, and
provide strategic guidance and direction to support incident management activities.
Multi-agency Coordination Systems: Multi-agency Coordination Systems provide the architecture to support coordination
for incident prioritization, critical resource allocation, communications systems integration, and information coordination. The
components of Multi-agency Coordination Systems include facilities, equipment; emergency operation centers (EOCs),
specific multi-agency coordination entities, personnel, procedures, and communications. These systems assist agencies and
organizations to fully integrate the subsystems of the NIMS.
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Multi-jurisdictional Incident: An incident requiring action from multiple agencies that each have jurisdiction to manage
certain aspects of an incident. In ICS, these incidents will be managed under Unified Command.
Mutual-Aid Agreement: Written agreement between agencies and/or jurisdictions that they will assist one another on
request, by furnishing personnel, equipment, and/or expertise in a specified manner.
National: Of a nationwide character, including the Federal, State, local, and tribal aspects of governance and polity.
National Disaster Medical System: A cooperative, asset-sharing partnership between the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the U.S.
Department of Defense. NDMS provides resources for meeting the continuity of care and mental health services
requirements of the Emergency Support Function 8 in the Federal Response Plan.
National Incident Management System (NIMS): A system mandated by HSPD-5 (HSPD- 5 - Homeland Security
Presidential Directive-5) that provides a consistent nationwide approach for Federal, State, local, and tribal governments;
the private-sector, and nongovernmental organizations to work effectively and efficiently together to prepare for, respond to,
and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of cause, size, or complexity. To provide for interoperability and
compatibility among Federal, State, local, and tribal capabilities, the NIMS includes a core set of concepts, principles, and
terminology. HSPD-5 identifies these as the ICS; Multi-agency Coordination Systems; training; identification and
management of resources (including systems for classifying types of resources); qualification and certification; and the
collection, tracking, and reporting of incident information and incident resources.
National Response Plan: A plan mandated by HSPD-5 that integrates Federal domestic prevention, preparedness,
response, and recovery plans into one all-discipline, all-hazards plan.
Needs Assessment: A response phase evaluation of the requirements of the victims of an incident by emergency
management in order to identify, obtain, and provide necessary resources and services.
Nuclear Radiation: Particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted from atomic nuclei in various nuclear processes. The
important nuclear radiation, from the weapons standpoint, are alpha and beta particles, gamma rays, and neutrons.
Nongovernmental Organization: An entity with an association that is based on interests of its members, individuals, or
institutions and that is not created by a government, but may work cooperatively with government. Such organizations serve
a public purpose, not a private benefit. Examples of NGOs include faith-based charity organizations and the American Red
Cross.
Operational Period: The time scheduled for executing a given set of operation actions, as specified in the Incident Action
Plan. Operational periods can be of various lengths, although usually not over 24 hours.
Operations Section: The section responsible for all tactical incident operations. In ICS, it normally includes subordinate
branches, divisions, and/or groups.
Operations Planning: The process of determining the need for application of resources and determining the methods of
obtaining and committing these resources to the operations plan.
Peak Population: The maximum population occupying a Standard Location area at any given time on a normal weekday.
The peak population of city or other area that includes more than one Standard location area is a summation of the peak
populations for each of the Standard Locations areas.
Daytime Peak: The maximum population occurring during the daylight hours (8: A.M. to 6 P.M.).
Nighttime Peak: The maximum population occurring during the nighttime hours (6 P.M. to 8 A.M.).
Personnel Accountability: The ability to account for the location and welfare of incident personnel. It is accomplished
when supervisors ensure that ICS principles and processes are functional and that personnel are working within established
incident management guidelines.
Public Information Officer (PIO): A member of the Command Staff responsible for interfacing with the public and media or
with other agencies with incident-related information requirements.
Planning Meeting: A meeting held as needed prior to and throughout the duration of an incident to select specific strategies
and tactics for incident control operations and for service and support planning. For larger incidents, the planning meeting is
a major element in the development of the Incident Action Plan (IAP).
Planning Section: Responsible for the collection, evaluation, and dissemination of operational information related to the
incident, and for the preparation and documentation of the IAP. This section also maintains information on the current and
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forecasted situation and on the status of resources assigned to the incident.
Preparedness: The range of deliberate, critical tasks and activities necessary to build, sustain, and improve the operational
capability to prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents. Preparedness is a continuous
process. Preparedness involves efforts at all levels of government and between government and private-sector and
nongovernmental organizations to identify threats, determine vulnerabilities, and identify required resources. Within the
NIMS, preparedness is operationally focused on establishing guidelines, protocols, and standards for planning, training and
exercises, personnel qualification and certification, equipment certification, and publication management.
Preparedness Organizations: The groups and forums that provide interagency coordination for domestic incident
management activities in a non-emergency context. Preparedness organizations can include all agencies with a role in
incident management, for prevention, preparedness, response, or recovery activities. They represent a wide variety of
committees, planning groups, and other organizations that meet and coordinate to ensure the proper level of planning,
training, equipping, and other preparedness requirements within a jurisdiction or area.
Prevention: Actions to avoid an incident or to intervene to stop an incident from occurring. Prevention involves actions to
protect lives and property. It involves applying intelligence and other information to a range of activities that may include such
countermeasures as deterrence operations; heightened inspections; improved surveillance and security operations;
investigations to determine the full nature and source of the threat; public health and agricultural surveillance and testing
processes; immunizations, isolation, or quarantine; and, as appropriate, specific law enforcement operations aimed at
deterring, preempting, interdicting, or disrupting illegal activity and apprehending potential perpetrators and bringing them to
justice.
Primary Agency: The department or agency assigned primary responsibility to manage and coordinate a specific incident.
Primary agencies are designated on the basis of their having the most authorities, resources, capabilities, expertise to
accomplishment of the specific task.
Private Sector: Organizations and entities that are not part of any governmental structure. It includes for-profit and not-forprofit organizations, formal and informal structures, commerce and industry, and private voluntary organizations (PVO).
Processes: Systems of operations that incorporate standardized procedures, methodologies, and functions necessary to
provide resources effectively and efficiently. These include resource typing, resource ordering and tracking, and
coordination.
Public Information Officer (PIO): A member of the Command Staff responsible for interfacing with the public and media or
with other agencies with incident-related information requirements.
Publications Management: The publications management subsystem includes materials development, publication control,
publication supply, and distribution. The development and distribution of NIMS materials is managed through this subsystem.
Consistent documentation is critical to success, because it ensures that all responders are familiar with the documentation
used in a particular incident regardless of the location or the responding agencies involved.
Political Subdivisions: Local governments, including but not limited to cities, towns, incorporated communities, counties,
parishes, and townships.
Qualification and Certification: This subsystem provides recommended qualification and certification standards for
emergency responder and incident management personnel. It also allows the development of minimum standards for
resources expected to have an interstate application. Standards typically include training, currency, experience, and physical
and medical fitness.
Radiation: The emission and propagation of energy through space or through a material medium in the form of waves; as
electromagnetic and sound or elastic waves, and corpuscular emissions.
Radiation Exposure Record: The card issued to individuals for recording their personal radiation exposure dose.
Radioactivity: The liberation of energy by spontaneous disintegration of nuclei.
Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Services (RACES): An emergency service designated to make efficient use of the vast
reservoir of skilled radio amateurs throughout the Nation in accordance with approved civil defense communication plan.
Many of the States and local governments have federally approved RACES communications plans whereby radio amateurs
participating in these plans are permitted to operate during an emergency, or emergency conditions.
Radiological Monitor (RM): An individual trained to measure, record, and report radiation dose and dose rates; provide
limited field guidance on radiation hazards associated with operations to which he is assigned; and perform operator’s
maintenance of radiological instruments.
- 40 -
Radiological Monitoring: The procedure or operation of locating and measuring radioactive contamination by means of
survey instruments that can detect and measure (as dose rates) ionizing radiations. The individual performing the operation
is called a monitor.
Reception Area: This refers to a location separate from staging areas, where resources report in for processing and outprocessing. Reception Areas provide accountability, security, situational awareness briefings, safety awareness, distribution
of IAPs, supplies and equipment, feeding, and bed down.
Recovery: The development, coordination, and execution of service- and site-restoration plans; the reconstitution of
government operations and services; individual, private sector, non-governmental and public-assistance programs to provide
housing and to promote restoration; long-term care and treatment of affected persons; additional measures for social,
political, environmental, and economic restoration; evaluation of the incident to identify lessons learned; post-incident
reporting; and development of initiatives to mitigate the effects of future incidents.
Recovery Plan: A plan developed by a State, local, or tribal jurisdiction with assistance from responding Federal agencies
to restore the affected area.
Resources: Personnel and major items of equipment, supplies, and facilities available or potentially available for
assignment to incident operations and for which status is maintained. Resources are described by kind and type and may
be used in operational support or supervisory capacities at an incident or at an EOC.
Resource Management: Efficient incident management requires a system for identifying available resources at all
jurisdictional levels to enable timely and unimpeded access to resources needed to prepare for, respond to, or recover from
an incident. Resource management under the NIMS includes mutual-aid agreements; the use of special Federal, State,
local, and tribal teams; and resource mobilization protocols.
Resources Unit: Functional unit within the Planning Section responsible for recording the status of resources committed to
the incident. This unit also evaluates resources currently committed to the incident, the effects additional responding
resources will have on the incident, and anticipated resource needs.
Response: Activities that address the short-term, direct effects of an incident. Response includes immediate actions to save
lives, protect property, and meet basic human needs. Response also includes the execution of emergency operations plans
and of mitigation activities designed to limit the loss of life, personal injury, property damage, and other unfavorable
outcomes. As indicated by the situation, response activities include applying intelligence and other information to lessen the
effects or consequences of an incident; increased security operations; continuing investigations into nature and source of the
threat; ongoing public health and agricultural surveillance and testing processes; immunizations, isolation, or quarantine; and
specific law enforcement operations aimed at preempting, interdicting, or disrupting illegal activity, and apprehending actual
perpetrators and bringing them to justice.
Risk: A measure of the probability that damage to life, property, and/or the environment will occur if a hazard manifests
itself.
Safety Officer: A member of the Command Staff responsible for monitoring and assessing safety hazards or unsafe
situations and for developing measures for ensuring personnel safety.
Secondary Effects: Emergencies that may develop as a reaction to an initiating emergency. For example, a dam may
break as the result of an earthquake.
Section: The organizational level having responsibility for a major functional area of incident management, e.g., Operations,
Planning, Logistics, Finance/Administration, and Intelligence (if established). The section is organizationally situated between
the branch and the Incident Command.
Shelter: This is a building or area predestinated by the Red Cross to house evacuees on a temporary basis.
Span of Control: The number of individuals a supervisor is responsible for, usually expressed as the ratio of supervisors to
individuals. (Under the NIMS, an appropriate span of control is between 1:3 and 1:7)
Staging Area: Location established where resources can be placed while awaiting a tactical assignment. The Operations
Section manages Staging Areas.
Standard Operating Procedures: Checklist or guidance developed by each specific responding organization that detail
responsible individuals by name, phone number and delineate in detail specific organizational emergency activities.
- 41 -
State: When capitalized, refers to any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any possession
of the United States. See Section 2 (14), Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135 (2002).
Strategic: Strategic elements of incident management are characterized by continuous long-term, high-level planning by
organizations headed by elected or other senior officials. These elements involve the adoption of long-range goals and
objectives, the setting of priorities; the establishment of budgets and other fiscal decisions, policy development, and the
application of measures of performance or effectiveness.
Strike Team: A set number of resources of the same kind and type that have an established minimum number of personnel.
Strategy: The general direction selected to accomplish incident objectives set by the IC.
Supporting Technologies: Any technology that may be used to support the NIMS is included in this subsystem. These
technologies include orthophoto mapping, remote automatic weather stations, infrared technology, and communications,
among various others.
Tabs: Maps, charts, checklist, resources, inventories, sample forms, diagrams all used to support the basic plan, annexes
and appendices.
Task Force: Any combination of resources assembled to support a specific mission or operational need. All resource
elements within a Task Force must have common communications and a designated leader.
Technical Assistance: Support provided to State, local, and tribal jurisdictions when they have the resources but lack the
complete knowledge and skills needed to perform a required activity (such as mobile-home park design and hazardous
material assessments).
Technological Hazard: Hazards emanating from the manufacture, transportation, and use of radiological materials,
chemicals, explosives, flammables, agricultural pesticides, herbicides, and disease agents: oil spills on land, coastal water or
inland water systems: and debris from space.
Traffic Control Points (TCP): Places along evacuation routes that are manned by law enforcement personnel to direct and
control movement to and from the area being evacuated.
Terrorism: Under the Homeland Security Act of 2002, terrorism is defined as activity that involves an act dangerous to
human life or potentially destructive of critical infrastructure or key resources and is a violation of the criminal laws of the
United States or of any State or other subdivision of the United States in which it occurs and is intended to intimidate or
coerce the civilian population or influence a government or affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction,
assassination, or kidnapping. See Section 2 (15), Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. 107-296, 116 Stat. 213 5 (2002).
Threat: An indication of possible violence, harm, or danger.
Tools: Those instruments and capabilities that allow for the professional performance of tasks, such as information
systems, agreements, doctrine, capabilities, and legislative authorities.
Triage: Process of sorting casualties based on severity and survivability.
Tribal: Any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community, including any Alaskan Native Village as
defined in or established pursuant to the Alaskan Native Claims Settlement Act (85 stat. 688) [43 U.S.C.A. and 1601 et seq.],
that is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their
status as Indians.
Type: A classification of resources in the ICS that refers to capability. Type 1 is generally considered to be more capable
than Types 2, 3, or 4, respectively, because of size; power; capacity; or, in the case of incident management teams,
experience and qualifications.
Unified Area Command: A Unified Area Command is established when incidents under an Area Command are multijurisdictional. (See Area Command.)
Unified Command: An application of ICS used when there is more than one agency with incident jurisdiction or when
incidents cross-political jurisdictions. Agencies work together through the designated members of the UC, often the senior
person from agencies and/or disciplines participating in the UC, to establish a common set of objectives and strategies and a
single IAP.
Unit: The organizational element having functional responsibility for a specific incident planning, logistics, or
finance/administration activity.
- 42 -
Unity of Command: The concept by which each person within an organization reports to one and only one designated
person. The purpose of unity of command is to ensure unity of effort under one responsible commander for every objective.
Volunteer: For purposes of the NIMS, a volunteer is any individual accepted to perform services by the lead agency, which
has authority to accept volunteer services, when the individual performs services without promise, expectation, or receipt of
compensation for services performed. See, e.g., 16 U.S.C. 742f(c) and 29 CFR 553.101.
Weapon of Mass Destruction (WMD): A device employing disease organisms, toxins, poison gas, explosives,
incendiaries, radiation, radioactivity or other destructive capabilities designed to destroy or maim populations or
environments.
Worker-Critical: An individual whose skills or services are required to continue operations of vital facilities and activities
that will provide goods and services to the relocated population and host county residents, or insure continuance of the
nation’s production capabilities and preservation of the economic system.
- 43 -
5.1.2 Definitions of Acronyms
ADC – Aid to Dependent Children
ADAS – Department of Alcohol and Drug Addiction Services
ADP – Automatic Data Processing
ALS – Advanced Life Support
AEC – Agency Emergency Coordinators
ARC – American Red Cross
ARES – Amateur Radio Emergency Service
ASCS – Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (USDA)
AP – Assembly Point
CA – Capability Assessment
CAP – Civil Air Patrol
CB – Citizen’s Band
CBERN – Chemical, Biological, Explosive, Radiological and Nuclear
CEB – County Emergency Board
CCEMS - Coshocton County Emergency Medical Service
CDC – Center for Disease Control
CDRG – Catastrophic Disaster Response Group
CEO – Chief Executive Officer
CERT– Community Emergency Response Team
CFR – Code of Federal Regulations
CHEMTREC – Chemical Transportation Emergency Center
CISD - Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
CISM - Critical Incident Stress Management
CP – Command Post
DA – Damage Assessment
- 44 -
DAP – Disaster Assistance Program
DAS – Disaster Analysis Section
D & C – Direction and Control
DFO – Disaster Field Office
DHHS – Department of Health and Human Services
DMAT – Disaster Medical Assistance Team
DMORT – Disaster Mortuary Team
DOC – Department of Commerce
DOC – Department Operations Center
DOD – Department of Defense
DOE – Department of Energy
DOI – Department of Interior
DOT – Department of Transportation
DRC – Disaster Recovery Center
EAS – Emergency Alert System
ECC – Emergency Communication Center
EHS – Extremely Hazardous Substance
EMA – Emergency Management Agency
EMC – Emergency Management Coordinator
EMAC – Emergency Management Assistance Compact
EMI – Emergency Management Institute
EMP – Electromagnetic Pulse
EMS – Emergency Medical Services
EMT – Emergency Medical Technician
ERT – Emergency Response Team
EOC – Emergency Operations Center
EOP – Emergency Operations Plan
EPI – Emergency Public Information/Instructions
EPA – Environmental Protection Agency
- 45 -
EPCRA – Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
EST – Estimated Time of Arrival
FAA – Federal Aviation Administration
FCC – Federal Communications Commission
FCO – Federal Coordinating Officer
FEMA – Federal Emergency Management Agency
FIRM – Flood Insurance Rate Map
FM – Frequency Modulation
FOG – Field Operations Guide
GIS – Geographic Information System
GSA – General Services Administration
GZ – Ground Zero
HA – Hazards Analysis
HAZMAT or HM – Hazardous Material
HSPD-5 – Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5
IAEM – International Associations of Emergency Managers
IAO – Individual Assistance Officer
IAP – Incident Action Plan
IC - Incident Commander
ICC – Interstate Commerce Commission
ICP – Incident Command Post
ICS – Incident Command System IC or UC Incident Command or Unified Command
IDLH – Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
IEMS – Integrated Emergency Management System
IFPG – Individual and Family Grant Program
IHP – Individual and Households Program
IMT – Incident Management Team
JDF – Joint Dispatch Facility
JIC – Joint Information Center
- 46 -
JIS – Joint Information System
JPIC – Joint Public Information Center
JTF – Joint Task Force
LEADS – Law Enforcement Automated Data System
LEERN – Law Enforcement Emergency Radio Net
LEPC – Local Emergency Planning Committee
LNO – Liaison Officer
MCI – Mass Casualty Incident
MCT – Mobile Computing Terminal
MH – (Ohio) Department of Mental Health
MOA – Memorandum of Agreement
MOU – Memorandum of Understanding
MRDD – (Ohio) Department of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disorders
MRE – Meal Ready to Eat
NAWAS – National Warning System
NEMA – National Emergency Management Association
NCC – National Coordinating Center
NCS – National Communications Center
NDMS – National Disaster Medical System
NFA – National Fire Academy
NFPA – National Fire Protection Administration
NGO – Nongovernmental Organization
NIMS – National Incident Management System
NOAA – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NORAD – North American Air Defense Command
NRP – National Response Plan
NRC – Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NSS – National Shelter Survey
NVOAD – National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster
- 47 -
NWS – National Weather Service
OAC – Ohio Administrative Code
ODH – Ohio Department of Health
ODHS – Ohio Department of Human Services
ODMH – Ohio Department of Mental Health
ODNR – Ohio Department of Natural Resources
ODOT – Ohio Department of Transportation
OFB – Ohio Farm Bureau
OFDA – Ohio Funeral Director’s Association
OEMA – Ohio Emergency Management Agency
OEPA – Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
ORC – Ohio Revised Code
ONG – Ohio National Guard
OSC – On-Scene Coordinator
OSHP – Ohio State Highway Patrol
PA – Public Assistance or Public Affairs
PAGs – Protective Action Guides
PAO – Public Assistance Officer
PDA – Preliminary Damage Assessment
PF – Protection Factor
PIO – Public Information Officer
POA – Point of Arrival
POD – Point of Departure
POLREP - Pollution Report
PSAP – Public Safety Answering Point
PSI – Pounds per square inch
PTSD - Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
PUCO – Public Utilities Commission of Ohio
PVO – Private Voluntary Organizations
- 48 -
RACES – Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service
RCRA – Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (EPA 1976)
RESTAT – Resources Status
ROSS – Resource Ordering and Status System
RSVP – Retired Senior Volunteer Program
REACT – Radio Emergency Associated Communications Team
RM – Radiological Monitor
RO – Radiological Officer
RRT – Radiological Response Team
SA – Staging Area
SARA – Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
SBA – Small Business Administration
SCBA – Self-Contained Breathing Response Apparatus
SDO – Standards Development Organizations
SITREP – Situation Report
SFM – State Fire Marshal
SO – Safety Officer
SOG – Suggested Operating Guide
SOP – Standard Operating Procedure
STCC - Standard Transportation Commodity Code
TCP – Traffic Control Points
UC – Unified Command
UHF – Ultra High Frequency
USAR - Urban Search and Rescue
US & R – Urban Search and Rescue
USDA – United States Department of Agriculture
USGS – United States Geological Survey
VHF – Very High Frequency
VOAD – Voluntary Organizations Active in Disasters
- 49 -
VOCA – Victims of Crime Assistance
VZ – Vulnerability Zone
WMD – Weapons of Mass Destruction
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
http://www.fema.gov/nims/nims_training.shtm.
http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is700.asp.
http://www.fema.gov/pdf/nims/nims_doc_full.pdf.
- 50 -
5.2. List of Emergency Forms
These forms are available in the Handbook of Emergency Forms and are on file in the EOC and are
designed for reproduction when needed.
No.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
Form Name
Business Damage Assessment
Damage and Needs Assessment
Coshocton County Damage Assessment Form
EOC Activation FAX
Flood Damage Questionnaire
Flood incident Report
Haz-Mat Incident Form.
Local Emergency Proclamation County
Local Emergency Proclamation Other
NOAA Announcement Form
Radiation Exposure Form 1
Radiation Exposure Form 2
Radiation Exposure Form Test
State Labor Summary Form
Storm Damage Fax
Tornado Incident
Tornado Wind Questionnaire
County Emergency Public Notification Form
Winter Weather Update
EOC Activation / Deactivation Checklist
Evacuation Refusal Form
Evacuee Reentry Form
EOC Activation Forms (Some are also available in dry erase wall boards)
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
EOC Sign-In
Personnel Status Form
Event – Casualty / Damage Summary Form
Weather Status Form
Resource / Equipment Status Form
Work Schedule Form
Contracts, Agreements, and Miscellaneous Services Form
Information Dissemination
Shelter / Facility Status Form
Hospital Bed Availability Form
Route Status Form
Area Closing Status Form
Evacuation Status Form
News / Media Status Form
Special Needs Status Form
Carrier Status Form
EOC Communication Form
EOC Communication Log
EOC Security Log
PIO Script Template
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5.3. All Hazard Radio Locations
Name
1. Airport, Richard Down
2. Annex, Courthouse
3. Court House
4. County Services Bldg
5. Engineer’s Office
6. Hopewell School
7. Jobs & Family Service
8. Juvenile Court
9. Prosecuting Attorney
10. Sheriff’s Home
11. Title Dept.
12. City Hall/Dept. Public
Service and Safety
13. Public Library
14. EMS – Coshocton
15. EMS – West Lafayette
16. EMS – Warsaw
17. Coshocton High School
Superintendent’s Office
18. Ridgewood High School
Bus Garage
19. Riverview High School
Office
20. WTNS
21. Co. Fair Grounds
22. Coshocton High School
23. Central Elementary
24. Lincoln Elementary
25. South Lawn Elementary
26. Ridgewood High School
27. W. Lafayette Elementary
28. River View High School
29. River View Jr. High
30. Warsaw Elementary
31. Conesville Elementary
32. Union Elementary
33. Keene Elementary
34. Headstart
Location
Contact Information
8 – 5 Office
24359 CR 202
349 1/2 Main Street
318 Main Street
724 S. 7th Street
23194 CR 621
23720 CR 202
725 Pine Street
318 Main Street
318 Chestnut Street
850 Edwards Street
706 S. 7th Street
760 Chestnut Street
Bethel Toler
Robin Schonauer
Janet Mosier
Willa Hamersley
Barbara Babcock
Mike Householder
Terry Miller
Kathy Thomas
Amy Shutt
Tim Rogers
Kathy Stone
Linda Yoder
622-2252
622-1753
622-1456
622-2929
622-2135
295-7346
622-1020
622-8969
622-3566
545-9088
622-1456
622-1465
655 Main Street
513 Chestnut Street
405 W. Main Street
321 Main Street
1205 Cambridge Road
Ann Miller
Kathy
Keith Shriver
Travis Williams
Roger Moore
622-0956
622-4294
545-6316
824-3550
622-1901
412 Fair Street
Doug Patterson
545-9466
26496 SR 60
Welch Sprague
824-3521
114 N 6th Street
707 Kenilworth
1205 Cambridge Road
724 Walnut Street
801 Cambridge Road
753 South Lawn
602 Johnson Street
225 W. Union
26496 S.R. 60
26526 S.R. 60
501 Blissfield Road
199 State Street
19781 U.S. 79
27052 C.R. 1
3201 C.R. 16
Ken Smailes
John (Maintenance)
Bill Hartmeyer
Stan Zurowski
Francie Berg
Mary Stenner
Rick Raach
Brian Rentsch
David Hire
Alan English
Jeff Vickers
Joel Moore
Vicki Johnson
Jerry Olinger
Steve Troendly
622-1560
622-2385
622-9433
622-5514
622-9726
622-3239
545-6345
545-5312
824-3521
824-3521
824-3727
829-2334
327-2351
622-5884
622-9537
Jeanne McKenzie
Jean Lahna
Jean Lahna
622-4584
545-6888
545-5316
Washington Elementary 1517 Chestnut Street
Plainfield Elementary
Plainfield, OH
Fresno Elementary
26366 C.R. 171
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Closed 6/07
Closed 6/07
Closed 6/07
5.4. Index of Subjects
Evacuation.............................................................. 27
Fire Department Responsibilities ........................... 19
Home Bound .................................................... 13, 27
Humane Society..................................................... 28
ICS ......................................................................... 25
Latitude / Longitude................................................ 13
Law Enforcement Responsibilities ......................... 19
LEPC ........................................................................ 8
Local Emergency Planning Committee.................... 8
MARCS Radio ........................................................ 26
Marplot ................................................................... 29
Mass Care .............................................................. 29
Medical Reserve Corps.......................................... 17
Mines................................................................ 14, 15
MRC ....................................................................... 17
Mutual Aid Agreements.......................................... 22
National Incident Management System ........... 39, 47
NIMS ............................ 18, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47
Pet Animals ............................................................ 28
Pets See Sheltering - Annex F............................... 54
PIO ......................................................................... 27
Public Information Officer....................................... 27
Public Safety Answering Point ............................... 25
REACT ................................................. 17, 23, 27, 48
Red Cross ........................................................ 21, 30
Richard Downing Airport ........................................ 13
S.O.S...................................................................... 17
Secure Our Students.............................................. 17
SERC ....................................................................... 8
Shelter in Place ...................................................... 27
Sheltering ............................................................... 28
Skywarn.................................................................. 17
Special Needs Persons.................................... 13, 27
Transportation ........................................................ 28
Unsafe Buildings .................................................... 30
WHIZ ...................................................................... 25
WTNS..................................................................... 25
All-Hazard Radio Locations ................................... 52
Aloha ...................................................................... 29
American Red Cross ............................ 18, 28, 32, 39
Amish ..................................................................... 13
Animal Shelter........................................................ 29
ARC........................................................................ 28
ARES ............................................................... 17, 23
Cable Service......................................................... 25
Cameo.............................................................. 12, 29
Care for Companion Animals................................. 28
CERT ..................................................................... 17
Chamber of Commerce.......................................... 21
Change Control ........................................................ 8
Chemtrac Service .................................................. 29
City & County Treasurer Responsibilities ............. 20
City & County Prosecuting Attorney Responsibilities
............................................................................... 20
City and County Health Departments
Responsibilities ...................................................... 20
Commodity Flow Studies ....................................... 12
COOP..................................................................... 11
Coroner .................................................................. 21
County Engineer .................................................... 21
Debris removal ....................................................... 30
Disclaimer Statement............................................... 6
Dog Warden ..................................................... 28, 29
Elected Officials Responsibilities ........................... 21
EMA .. 8, 9, 10, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 36
Emergency Management Agency.. 10, 17, 20, 30, 48
Emergency Medical Services........................... 19, 26
Emergency Medical Services Responsibilities ...... 19
Emergency Telephone Calling System.................. 27
EMS ......................................... 18, 22, 23, 25, 26, 52
EOC Activation....................................................... 51
EOC Coordinators.................................................. 22
EOC Deactivation .................................................. 51
EOP Distribution List................................................ 8
- 53 -
6. Functional Annexes
Annex A . . . . Direction and Control
Annex B . . . . Communications
Annex C . . . . Warning
Annex D . . . . Emergency Public Information (Amish Population)
Annex E . . . . Evacuation / Transportation
Annex F . . . . Sheltering, Mass Care and Special Needs (Special Needs and Home Bound
Persons)
Annex G . . . . Health and Medical
Annex H . . . . Mass Casualty and Fatalities
Annex I . . . . Resources
Appendix A . . . Volunteer Management
Appendix B . . . Donation Management
Annex J . . . . Disaster Recovery (Search and Rescue)
Annex K . . . . Hazardous Materials Plan
Annex L . . . . Hazard Planning
Natural Hazards
Appendix A . . . Flooding and Dams
Appendix B . . . Tornadoes and Severe Storms
Appendix C . . . Winter Storm
Man Made Hazards
Appendix D . . . Radiological
Appendix E . . . Highways and Railroads
Appendix F . . . Pipelines
Appendix G . . . Agriterrorism
Security Hazards
Appendix H . . . Terrorism
Pets See Sheltering - Annex F
- 54 -
DIRECTION and CONTROL
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of the Direction an Control – Annex A is to provide an overview of the means
Coshocton County will use to direct and control those activities of government that are essential
to saving lives, protecting property, and restoring government services during and following
emergency situations.
II. SITUATION
The Coshocton County Commissioners are the Chief Executive Officials (CEO) for the county
and are the local-level of direction and control of authority.
1. The Primary Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is located in the basement of the County
Services Building, 724 South Seventh Street, Room B-100, in Coshocton. Alternative locations
have been identified and are documented in Tab 1 of this Annex.
2. The Coshocton County Emergency Management Director has overall responsibility for
supervising an activated Coshocton County EOC.
3. Activation of the Coshocton County EOC can be called by the EMA Director, EMA Staff,
Incident Commander, local Officials, or the County Commissioners. See Standard Operating
Procedures, C.2. EOC Activation Procedures for details.
4. The activated Coshocton County EOC becomes the central point for receiving, analyzing,
reporting, and directing information related to the incident.
5. As the situation changes, the Coshocton County EOC may be activated to higher levels.
See Standard Operating Procedures, C.2 EOC Activation Procedures for details.
6. The operational capabilities of the primary EOC include telephones, cell phones, e-mail, fax,
and radio communications center to assist with communications outside the EOC. The
Coshocton County ARES Communication Van, equipped with duplicate radio equipment, is also
part of the EOC backup communications plan. As many of these devices as possible will be
moved to an alternate site when necessary to move the EOC.
7. Mutual aid for the support of direction and control functions is addressed by agreements
between Coshocton County EMA and Licking, Guernsey, Holmes, Knox, Muskingum and
Tuscarawas counties. Agreements have been signed by the listed county commissioners.
8. Upon activation, the EOC, in coordination with the Incident Command Center at the site of
the incident, will be the point of contact for all agencies, other counties, and the state.
9. Emergency operations for all levels of government will be carried out according to plans and
standard operating procedures set by individual departments and agencies.
Annex A – Direction and Control 2007
1
III. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
GENERAL – The EOC is the central point for coordinating the logistical and administrative
support needs of response personnel at the incident site. The EOC becomes the central
coordinating point for obtaining, analyzing, evaluating, reporting, and recording disaster-related
information. The PIO in the EOC gathers and disseminates situation reports and information for
the local incident to the local population, media, State, and Federal agencies. The Sheriff’s
Central Dispatch will make the initial notification and warning that the incident has taken place
and will contact personnel in the following call down order until contact has been made:
1.
2.
3.
4.
EMA Director
EMA Deputy Director
EMA Administrative Assistant
EMA Technical Planner
Through this process, resources can be utilized without duplication of effort and operations can
be more efficient.
Executive heads of local departments are responsible for conducting emergency functions
assigned to them. They will determine the number of personnel needed to carry out emergency
operations in the EOC. Internal EOC operational procedures will be the responsibility of the
EMA Director.
IV. ORGANIZATION – The activated Coshocton County EOC is organized into three (3)
groups:
1. Supervision – consists of the EMA Director and EMA Deputy Director
2. Coordinators – consists of representatives of first responder departments / agencies
3. Administrative Staff – consists of the radio operators, phone answering, message
runners, loggers, and support staff.
RESPONSIBILITES – The duties of the EOC staffers are detailed in the Handbook of
Emergency Forms. The handbook contains master copies that can be copies and distributed to
the activated EOC staff. The handbook contains a description of the following jobs and
responsibilities:
EMA Director / EMA Deputy Director
EOC Manager
Sheriff Department Coordinator
Fire, Haz-Mat, and Rescue Coordinator
American Red Cross / Mass Care Coordinator
REACT Coordinator
Communication Coordinator / ARES
Emergency Medical Services Coordinator
Public Information Officer
Health, Medical and Hospital Coordinator
Coroner / Mortuary Coordinator
Agriculture Resources Coordinator
Public / Private School Coordinator
Resource and Volunteer Coordinator
Damage Assessment Coordinator
Debris Removal Coordinator
2
Donation Management Coordinator
Mental Health and CISM Coordinator
Animal Coordinator
Utility / Public Works Coordinator / County Engineer
Public, Individual and Special Needs Coordinator
Volunteer Coordinator
V. DIRECTION AND CONTROL
INCIDENT / UNIFIED COMMAND / EOC COORDINATION
1. Incident / Unified Command will be established at the site of the emergency by fire service
department having jurisdiction at that scene. The Incident Commander would be the most
qualified fire official of the organization having jurisdiction at the site. The Incident Commander
is responsible for appointing a liaison between the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and
the Incident Command Post.
2. During civil emergencies (riots and terrorist incidents) Law Enforcement representatives will
establish an Incident Command Post for the affected jurisdiction. If a terrorist incident has
occurred, they will notify the FBI and determine a direction for the response. The Incident
Commander is responsible for appointing a liaison between the Emergency Operations Center
(EOC) and the Incident Command Post.
3. The Incident Command will relay regular reports to the EOC.
4. The EMA Director and coordinators who have reported to the activated EOC will take
responsibility of operations during any emergency situation, including actions of such a
magnitude as to require widespread mobilization of resources of local government other than
those principally involved in emergency services on a day-to-day basis.
5. The EMA Director will coordinate EOC operations, including notification of EOC
representatives, conduct briefings for staff and key officials, and maintain contact with State
EMA and neighboring counties.
6. The EMA Director will coordinate with the Incident Commander for direction and control,
approve all public information releases, direct protective actions, and approve emergency
expenditures.
7. The EMA Director will request a disaster declaration from the Coshocton County
Commissioners, communicate the declaration to the State EMA office and request a disaster
declaration from the Governor of the State for Coshocton County.
8. State and/or Federal officials arriving in the county will coordinate with officials in the EOC
and will assume direction and control activities only at the request of local executives and the
Incident Commander.
9. During an emergency, the County Commissioners may delegate authority to the EMA
Director or other official. Special emergency authority will terminate at the end of the
emergency response or short-term recovery phase.
10. Each agency or department that has a representative at the EOC has an obligation to keep
records of all their activities and events that take place during the disaster or emergency. To
3
assist with record keeping, a series of seventeen (17) charts are available to assist in this task.
These seventeen (17) separate charts cover most pertinent information that is needed in a
disaster/emergency situation and can be used by various departments. See Tab 2 of this
Annex for a listing of these charts.
11. There are wall mounts of some of the forms. These are for recording current open items so
everyone in the EOC will be aware of what is taking place.
12. For record keeping, all information placed on one of the wall charts should first be placed
on a like chart maintained by the responsible EOC coordinator. The EOC Coordinator
maintained charts will be retained for the official record of the event.
VI. CONTINUITY OF GOVERNMENT
Succession of Command is the line of succession of the County Board of County
Commissioners. (The chairperson, vice-chairperson, and third commissioner.)
The line of succession to each department head is in accordance to the operating procedures
established by each department and a part of their Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).
Each staff member shall be responsible for notifying his/her replacement in the line of
succession.
EOC staffing, on a 24-hour-a-day basis, will be accomplished in shifts as determined by each
organization. Organizations supplying response personnel will include, in their SOPs, specific
emergency authorities that may be assumed by designated successors during emergencies.
PRESERVATION OF RECORDS is a vital and important measure to ensure continued
operations for local government during and after catastrophic disasters or national security
emergencies. It is the responsibility of the elected officials or department heads to ensure that
all legal documents, of both a public and private nature recorded by the designated official, are
protected. Each individual department should establish its preservation method and maintain
records accordingly.
EOC FORMS AND LOGISTICS – Message Forms will be used to record all information coming
into or leaving the EOC via telephone or radio. See the Handbook of Emergency Forms for
copies of the Individual Communication Form #2.66 and the Communications Log Form #2.67.
Copies of these forms will be made as needed.
Messages – Each individual sending and/or receiving messages will maintain an Individual
Communication Log recording every message sent or received.
Receiving Messages – If an EOC Coordinator receives the message, the Coordinator will record
the message and take appropriate action or distribute the message to the correct person to take
action. If the message is received in the radio room, the message will be recorded there and
routed to the appropriate EOC Coordinator.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION – Maintaining accurate and adequate records to document any
costs or expenditures must be maintained until the accounts have been closed. Recording
accurate and adequate records to document any costs, donations of money, goods, or labor
that may be incurred and/or received from private sources and that were used in responding to
or recovering from any day-to-day operation is required.
4
EOC SECURITY – All individuals requiring access to the EOC will be required to enter through
one (1) designated entrance. The security officer on duty will require identification before
allowing access to the EOC. The officer on duty will require each authorized person entering
the EOC to sign in on a registration log to maintain a record of who is in the EOC at all times.
They will also record on that log at what time they are leaving the EOC. See the Handbook of
Emergency Forms #2.50 for a form sample.
MEDIA – Media representatives will only be allowed access to the EOC upon approval of the
EOC Coordinator that is on duty.
VII. ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS
A. During the operation of the EOC, the EOC staff shall:
1. Administer limited resources so as to optimize the resources to achieve the greatest benefit
by limiting danger and minimizing damage to property.
2. Provide operational and logistical support needs for response personnel as requested by the
incident commander.
3. Use EOC wall charts to record all information as described in the section above entitled EOC
Forms and Logistics.
4. Provide for the identification and application of critical resources, both human resources and
material resources. NIMS Resources Typing will be used for all resources that have a NIMS
type assigned.
5. Retain all records until all operations are completed and all obligations and accounts have
been closed. Seal and store records.
B. Fiscal Procedures and Administrative Authorities
1. Fiscal procedures followed during emergency operations are the voucher system, the same
as is utilized on day-to-day basis for routine business.
2. Vouchers must be approved by the Coshocton County Auditor and the County
Commissioners.
VIII. PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
Refer to the Basic Plan, Plan Development and Maintenance.
IX. AUTHORITIES AND REFERENCES
See the Basic Plan, Authorities and References.
X. ADDENDUM
Tab 1
Tab 2
Alternate EOC Locations
List of forms that are also available as dry erase boards in the EOC
5
XI. AUTHENTICATION
___________________________________________
James T. Van Horn, Director
Coshocton County Emergency Management Agency
_______________________
Dated
6
Tab 1
Alternative EOC Locations
Alternate EOC locations are:
Address
Coshocton City Fire Station
325 South Seventh Street, Coshocton, Ohio 43812
West Lafayette Fire Station
Orchard Street, West Lafayette, Ohio 43845
Walhonding Valley Fire District Station
100 Bridge Street, Warsaw, Ohio 43844
24/7 contact information for obtaining access to any alternative EOC location can be found in
the Emergency Reference Directory under Fire Departments, Coshocton County.
7
Tab 2
Form #
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
List of Forms that are available
Form Name
EOC Sign-In Form
Personnel Status Form
Event – Casualty / Damage Summary Form
Weather Status Form
Resource / Equipment Status Form
Work Schedule Form
Contracts, Agreements, and Miscellaneous Services Form
Information Dissemination
Shelter / Facility Status Form
Hospital Bed Availability Form
Route Status Form
Area Closing Status Form
Evacuation Status Form
News / Media Status Form
Special Needs Status
Carrier Status Form
Incident Command Status Form
EMA Message Form
EOC Communications Log Form
EOC Security Log
List of PIO Prepared Media Scripts
Paper
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Wall
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Examples of these forms and wall (dry erase boards) are found in the Handbook of
Emergency Forms. These forms may be copied for immediate use.
8
COMMUNICATION
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this communications annex is to describe communications procedures and
responsibilities used between on site, off site, dispatch agencies.
II. SITUATION and ASSUMPTIONS
1. The primary communications center for Coshocton County is located at the Coshocton
Justice Center (Sheriff’s Office), 328 Chestnut Street, Coshocton, Ohio and also serves as the
911 Dispatch Center. There are two dispatchers on duty 24 x 7.
2. From the 911 dispatch center, all calls are directed to the appropriate agency.
3. The primary Emergency Operations Center (EOC) has the following communications
capability, county radios (base and portable), MARCS radio, ARES radios, e-mail, phones, cell
phones, and FAX. ARES volunteers will staff the emergency radio stations as soon as possible
after the activation of the EOC.
Communications between the on-scene personnel / agencies
Most first responder agencies have radios tuned to the same channels for UHF and VHF
communication. See the Transmit Frequency Chart in the Controlled and Sensitive
Information Document, Section 6 for specific frequency capability.
Communications between the scene and off-site personnel / agencies
Communications support / coordination between 911 / Dispatch Centers and on-scene agencies
Communications between the EOC, on-scene and off-scene personnel / agencies
Overcome communications shortfalls between CP / off-site locations
Procedures and agencies
1. The City of Coshocton Fire Department is equipped with a 911 call identification system
that is a backup system for the Sheriff's dispatch system.
2. The Coshocton Fire Department provides dispatch communications assistance as
needed by Sheriff’s Office for fire departments and hazardous materials emergencies.
3. The EOC is equipped with a generator that can relay messages during a power failure.
Annex B - Communications 2007
-1 -
COMMUNICATION
4. ARES communication van will be able to support the Incident Command with alternate
communications capability for most of the frequencies.
5. The EMA office, Sheriff’s Office, Coshocton County Career Center and ARES
communication van are equipped with similarly tuned radios and staffed by ARES
personnel.
Identify the compatible frequencies (local, state, and private agencies)
Communication will be required for public announcements, communication with hospitals,
adjacent jurisdictions and state agencies.
1. The EMA office has fax, phones and four (4) PCs with Internet capability and three
commercial TVs.
2. The following agencies are equipped with MARCS radios: Sheriff, EMA, CCMH, ARES
van, Coshocton County Health Department and Coshocton City Health Department.
3. The EOC can communicate with transportation, utilities, media, and fuel suppliers.
4. County fire departments and EMS can communicate with peer services in neighboring
counties.
Describe provisions for 24-hour communications.
Most agency staff's have additional staff that can be brought in to provide relief and continued
service. The more serious the disaster the more likely that multiple shifts will be required.
COMMUNICATIONS ASSIGNMENT
ARES personnel will provide radio operators for the EOC and will, through a rotation process,
provide around the clock coverage when necessary.
Volunteers will be utilized in the EOC as phone receptionists, and runners. The EMA Director
will insure the roster of trained volunteers is up to date.
IV. ORGANIZATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Organization
During large-scale emergencies, communications personnel of emergency organizations will
coordinate response efforts and assist other organizations to the extent possible with the
provision of communications capability. They will remain under the direction of the Incident
Commander for the duration of the emergency. This includes, but is not limited to, the sheriff,
fire, EMS, REACT, ARES, public works and utility agencies with communications capability, etc.
See the Controlled and Sensitive Information Document, Section 6 for list of organizations with
operational radio frequencies.
2. Assignment of Responsibilities
Task assignments will be to establish a link from their working area to the activated EOC. The
link can be one of the following steps:
-2 -
COMMUNICATION
A.
The agency representative can use a cell phone to remain in contact with the EOC.
The representative can use personal cell phone or a cell phone provided by EMA.
B. The EOC Director and the representative develop a call in protocol for information to
flow to and from the EOC.
C. When required or desirable, the agency appoints a representative to report physically
to the EOC.
3. Direction and Control
The Coshocton County EMA Director will monitor information status in the Emergency
Operations Center and take subsequent action. The EMA Director will have contact with and
periodic reports from the Incident Commander.
V. CONTINUITY OF GOVERNMENT
The line of succession for communications is based upon availability of qualified volunteers.
ARES personnel would be the resource communications staff.
Training and Exercising for Communications
All dispatchers at the Coshocton Justice Center’s Main Dispatch Center have been trained and
have qualified dispatchers on duty 24 x 7.
VI. ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS
The communications volunteers support communication requirements by whatever method best
fits the situation. It is necessary that they record, report and retain all information received or
executed.
1.
2.
Accountability would be necessary for reimbursement procedures for communications
expenditures.
Records are important for historical analysis of response actions that were taken.
The use of the current Coshocton County Emergency Resource Catalog would be valuable in
contacting needed personnel within the county, State or Federal governments. Mutual aid
agreements that exist with any other entity would be negotiated. Agreements with vendors for
extra radios that may be needed would be executed.
If equipment is damaged, provisions must be made to have the equipment repaired or replaced.
The ability to communicate will always be tested to some extent in all exercises. Per 3750
ORC, communications will be tested and evaluated as one of the objectives every four years or
as often as needed due to new equipment added, etc. Exercises are performed at least once
per year, all include some degree of communications exercise that include ARES and REACT
radio groups.
COSHOCTON AMATEUR RADIO (ARES)
The local ARES group participates in the 80-meter Amateur Radio operation on Tuesday
evenings between the hours of 1900 and 1915 of each week. During this time, a check-in is
made on the Ohio Single Side-band Net (3972.5 KHz), traffic for the State EOC. During
emergency situations when traffic on the single side-band net is extremely heavy, the frequency
-3 -
COMMUNICATION
of 3987.5 KHz will be utilized. The local ARES also have a mobile van that is used for
communications and can provide backup mobile communications anywhere in the county.
The Packet Amateur Radio personnel are operational on Tuesday evenings between the hours
of 1915 and 2000. This Packet station operates on the frequency 221.11 MHz and used the call
sign W8SCT.
ORGANIZATIONAL TRAINING
Each agency is responsible for assigning personnel, as requested, to the EOC and is
responsible for ensuring those individuals are adequately trained on their equipment and are
familiar with the EOC procedures and SOPs. Radio operations are managed primarily by
A.R.E.S. members.
VII. COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT PROTECTION
Wind can damage antennas, but these can be quickly repaired. With sufficient warning,
protective measures can be taken to some degree.
Restoring telephone service shall be completed as soon as possible for the critical services by
preparing a priority list by the EMA Director working with the telephone service providers.
Critical services include the essential health providers such as the hospital and nursing homes
and also include the main emergency service departments such as the Sheriff’s Office, fire
departments and EMS.
Refer to Basic Plan Development and Maintenance.
Refer to Basic Plan, Authorities and Reference Section.
X. ADDENDUMS TO COMMUNICATIONS
Tab 1
Tab 2
Tab 3
Tab 4
Tab 5
Tab 6
Tab 7
Inventory of radio equipment at the EOC radio work station
Inventory of radio equipment in the EOC vehicle
Inventory of radio equipment in the A.R.E.S. communications van
Inventory of radio equipment at Coshocton County Career Center
Inventory of radio equipment at the Sheriff's Office
Inventory of radio equipment at the Red Cross
Listing of radio communication frequencies for neighboring counties
-4 -
COMMUNICATION
XI. AUTHENTICATION
___________________________________________
Sergeant Troy Bricker, Communications Officer
Coshocton County Sheriff Office
_______________________
Dated
___________________________________________
Bruce Adams
Amateur Radio Emergency Service (A.R.E.S.)
_______________________
Dated
___________________________________________
_______________________
Dated
-5 -
COMMUNICATION
Tab 1
Inventory of radio equipment at the EOC radio work station
(1) Motorola Radio
CDM 1250 UHF
(1) Motorola Radio
CDM 1250 VHF
(1) MARCS Radio
Tab 2
Inventory of radio equipment in the EOC vehicle
(1) Motorola Radio
CDM 1250 UHF
(1) Motorola Radio
CDM 1250 VHF
(1) MARCS Radio
-6 -
COMMUNICATION
Tab 3
Inventory of radio equipment in the A.R.E.S. communications van
The Amateur Radio Station, Control Station (CS), is permanently housed in the County/EMA
A.R.E.S communications van that is stored at the County Garage.
The tactical call sign is COMMUNICATIONS VAN.
The primary frequency used is the A.R.E.S. repeater frequency of 145.230 MHz.
This frequency is used to contact the County Control Station (CCS), which serves as a control
of Amateur Radio operations and is manned by a Net Control (NC). The van may at times be a
CCS or CS.
Antennas include:
Two (2) dual band 2m/70cm verticals mounted on the roof. Other antennas include a dual
band 2m/70cm vertical that is on the light bar or 10 m telescoping pole
A 3 element 2m beam is available for mounting on a 10 ft. pole
A 2m mag mount antenna is on the cab roof for the 2m radio in the cab
A 10m and 75 m vertical stick and a 75m wire dipole is available for the HF rig
SSB, CW, FM are available and soon digital modes using Packet.
The following is a list of radio equipment in the ARES communications van:
(2) two Kenwood TM707 transceivers w microphones, fuses.
The DC power cord terminates in Anderson power poles. The TM707 is the same radio
installed in Sheriff Office, Communications room in the EMA, and Coshocton County
Memorial Hospital. Frequencies stored in radio are the same. This radio is capable of
transmitting and receiving on 144-148 MHz, 438-450 MHz.
The radio is capable of receiving the following frequencies: 118-174 MHz, 410-524 MHz.
MEMORY channel 707 rig OARC Repeater Database 2006, plus others
COSHOCTON County
Band Output
Input
1 144 145.2300 144.6300
2 144 147.0450 147.6450
11
18
23
20
21
22
144 146.490
144 146.535
144 146.520
118 118.875
162 162.475
162 162.425
162 162.525
Callsign
KE8XM
W8CCA
City
Coshocton
Keene
County
COSHOCTON
COSHOCTON
Sponsor Features
KE8XM oaez packet
COSHOCTON CO
3rd backup Coshocton Co.
simplex Coshocton
calling freq.
Wx Coshocton Richard Downing Airport
NWS Highhill
NWS Tuscarawas, coverage Coshocton (new)
NWS Bridgeport
(1) Icom IC 2100, 2 meter transceiver. KE8XM owner. The radio is capable of transmitting from
144-148 MHZ and receiving from 136-174 MHZ. Radio is powered by cigarette lighter.
(1) Yaesu FT 2800, ARES owned. Receive Only. 137-174 Mhz.
Could be used as weather radio.
-7 -
COMMUNICATION
(1) Icom IC27H , Co./EMA owner. Transceive 144-148 Mhz and receive from 140-150 Mhz.
(1) Radioshack HTX 212, 2m radio. KE8XM. owner. Located rear shelf.
(1) ICOM IC 725 HF radio, w desk mic. Anderson pwr pole ready, rear van shelf.
(1) AEA ET1 , HF Tuner. KE8XM. owner. Rear van shelf.
COUNTY RADIOS:
(1) VHF Motorola CDM1250, County/EMA owner. Antenna is in front center roof.
As of December 20, 2006 as follows:
Display output
Receive Input
Transmit
Licensee
EMS
155.265
155.265
Ohio Medical Transp.
Cosh Co. Fire
154.190
154.190
City Fire
Co. Fire Tact
154.415
154.415
City Fire
Weather
162.475 - NWS, High Hill, Muskingum Co .
(1) UHF Motorola CDM1250, owned by County/EMA. Antenna, on passenger side center roof.
As of December 20, 2006 as follows:
Display output
Receive Input
Street T/A
453.300
Street Dept Rpt 453.300
City Fire T/A
453.7625
City Fire Rpt
453.7625
Sheriff T/A
460.4625
Sheriff Rpt
460.4625
Emergency ,EMA Rpt 461.4625
Sheriff Tac 1 T/A 458.100
REACT T/A
462.65
REACT Rpt
462.650
Water T/A
453.075
Water Dept Rpt 453.075
Transmit
453.000
458.300
453.7625
458.7625
460.4625
465.4625
466.4625
458.100
462.65
467.650
453.075
458.075
Licensee
City Street
City Street
City Fire
City Fire
Co Sheriff
Co Sheriff
B & C Communications
Co Sheriff
John Armstrong, REACT
John Armstrong, REACT
City Water
City Water
(1) MARCS Radio, County/EMA owner. Antenna mounted on driver's side of roof in rear
position.
Power Sources for the ARES communications van,
AC Inverter (County/EMA owned).
External AC, power cord located in side door compartment
Generator, located in side door compartment. County/EMA owner
Vehicle battery December 20, 2006
-8 -
COMMUNICATION
Tab 4
Inventory of Radio Equipment at Coshocton County Career Center (CCCC)
Station Details:
The tactical callsign of this Control Station (CS) is CAREER CENTER.
The primary frequency used is the ARES, repeater frequency of 145.230 MHz. This is used to
contact the County Control Station (CCS), which serves as a control of Amateur Radio
operations and is managed by a Net Control (NC). The CS should have an additional frequency
that can be used within the served agency other than the NC frequency.
The radio is located near the main entrance in the office/reception area in a locked box on the
wall in room 5. A power supply for the radio is located near the box on the table. The lock
combination for the box is known by the EC and AECs. Contained in the box is the Kenwood
TM707 transceiver, mic, fuse, connector fitting, roll of coax and instructions.
The TM707 is the same Amateur Radio that is located in:
1 - Sheriff Office
2 - Communications room in the EMA
3 - ARES communications van
4 - Coshocton County Memorial Hospital
5 - CCCC
Radios at all five (5) locations are programmed with the same frequencies
The radios transmit and receive on: 144 - 148 MHz, 438 - 450 Mhz
The radios are capable of receiving the following frequencies: 118 -174 Mhz, 410 - 524 Mhz
The antenna on the roof of the CCCC is a dual band 2m/440 vertical
S. Wheatcraft
November 2006
Tab 5 Inventory of Radio Equipment at the Sheriff's Office
(1) MARCS Radio
Tab 6 Inventory of Radio Equipment at the Red Cross
(1) Motorola Radio
CDM 1250 UHF
(1) Motorola Radio
CDM 1250 VHF
(1) Motorola Radio
Radius CP 200
-9 -
COMMUNICATION
Tab 7 Listing of Radio Communication Frequencies for Neighboring Counties
LICKING County
Band Output
Input
220 223.9400
222.3400
40 440 444.6500 449.6500
14 144 146.8350 146.2350
41 440 443.9250 448.9250
8 144 145.4700 144.8700
13 144 146.8800 146.2800
42 440 444.5000 449.5000
15 144 145.3700 144.7700
43 440 442.0500 447.0500
Callsign
KA8PCP
KB8TRL
KB8ZMI
KB8ZMI
KC8EVM
W8WRP
W8WRP
WD8RVK
WD8RVK
City County
Newark LICKING
Hebron LICKING
Amsterdam LICKING
Amsterdam LICKING
Alexandria LICKING
Newark LICKING
Newark LICKING
Newark LICKING
Newark LICKING
KNOX County
Band Output
6 144 146.7900
Input
146.1900
Callsign
K8EEN
City County
Mt Vernon KNOX
44 440 444.7500
45 440 442.3250
50 53.7900
449.7500
447.3250
52.7900
KC8YED
N8NMQ
WA8YRS
Sponsor Features
MT VERNON ARC
o(ca)71.9
Mt Vernon KNOX
KC8YED o
Fredericktown KNOX N8NMQ o(ca)
Mt. Vernon KNOX
WA8YRS O
HOLMES County
Band Output
46 440 444.8750
5 144 146.6700
Input
449.8750
146.0700
Callsign
KD8CJ
WA8WQT
City County
Sponsor Features
Millersburg HOLMES KD8CJ 131.8
Millersburg HOLMES ARA 71.9
TUSCARAWAS County
Band Output
Input
47 440 443.5000 448.5000
4 144 146.7300 146.1300
12 144 146.9250 146.3250
Callsign
K8CQA
W8ZX
W8ZX
City County
Uhrichsville TUSC
Stone Creek TUSC
Sugarcreek TUSC
GUERNSEY County
Band Output
Input
16 144 147.0000 147.6000
48 440 444.3750 449.3750
9 144 146.8500 146.2500
Callsign
KB8ZMI
KB8ZMI
W8VP
City County
Sponsor Features
Cambridge GUERNSEY KB8ZMI oe91.5
Cambridge GUERNSEY KB8ZMI oe91.5
Cambridge GUERNSEY CAMBRIDGE ARA
oela91.5
MUSKINGUM County
Band Output
Input
7 144 146.6100 146.0100
Callsign
K8CYN
49 440 442.1750 447.1750
KA8GOO
17 144 147.0750 147.6750
50 440 442.2500 447.2500
220 224.94 223.34
KB8ZMI
KB8ZMI
KJ8N
Sponsor Features
KA8PCP ol
KB8TRL O
KB8ZMI oe91.5
KB8ZMI e91.5
KC8EVM oaez
NEWARK ARA o(ca)e
NEWARK ARA o(ca)l
WD8RVK o(ca)
WD8RVK o(ca)
Sponsor Features
K8CQA o
TUSCO ARC otre71.9
TUSCO ARC oery71.9
City County
Sponsor Features
Philo
MUSKING UM ZANESVILLE ARC
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Roseville MUSKINGUM TRI-CO. RPT CLUB
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Zanesville MUSKINGUM KB8ZMI oe91.5
Zanesville MUSKINGUM KB8ZMI oe91.5
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COMMUNICATION
HARRISON County
Band Output
Input Callsign City County Sponsor Features
10 144 146.655 146.055
Cadiz pl 114.8
Simplex
60 440 446.000 calling freq simplex , other simplex above: Memory 3, 11, 18
61 440 446.0500 simplex *
62 440 446.1000 “ *
63 440 446.1500 “ *
70 144 146.40 “
71 144 146.43 “
72 144 146.46 “
73 144 146.55 “ memories as of May 27,2006
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WARNING and NOTIFICATION
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this annex is to describe the process for dissemination of warning information to
response agencies/organizations and the public throughout Coshocton County in the event of
an emergency incident.
1. Coshocton County will have emergencies and disasters. Some of these emergencies and
disasters will require public officials to warn both the public and private sectors of the
county. The warnings will identify the event, possible consequences, and recommendations
of protective actions to take.
2. Coshocton County will use all available warning mechanisms as needed to warn and notify
the public if a disaster or emergency occurs. See Section 5 of this Annex for a complete
listing.
3. Coshocton County has the following means of dissemination of warning information:
• Coshocton County has seven (7) sirens in place that can be activated as needed.
See Tab 1 for siren locations and activation procedure. These sirens are located in
populated areas and will not be heard by the entire county.
• Print media will be used, time permitting, to assist in the dissemination of warning
and notification.
• All Hazard Alert Radios are in place in various institutions such as schools, nursing
homes, hospital, etc. These radios are monitored by staff personnel when the
facilities are occupied.
• Telephones and radios will be used to notify public officials, EOC staff and
emergency personnel.
• Coshocton County has one public radio station (WTNS AM 1560 & FM 99.3).
• Cable TV in the Coshocton & West Lafayette area has the capability of programming
warning messages from the Sheriff’s Office.
• Coshocton County has a contracted telephoning service (Emergency Telephone
Calling Service, formerly referred to as Code Red / Reverse 911) that can be used to
notify every listed phone in the county at the rate of several thousand per minute.
• Mobile public address and (or) door-to-door notification could be used when a quick
onset emergency occurs necessitating an evacuation.
• When a warning is received by the Sheriff’s office, the dispatch desk will notify critical
facilities that could be affected.
Once there is evidence that a warning is necessary the following have responsibilities to notify
the listed as needed: (See the Controlled and Sensitive Information Document and/or the
Emergency Reference Directory)
1. SHERIFF’S OFFICE WILL NOTIFY:
Emergency Management Director
West Lafayette Police Department (as needed)
Local Fire Departments (as needed)
Emergency Medical Service
REACT
Annex C - Warning and Notification 2007
-1-
Coshocton County Memorial Hospital
Other possible affected vital services
2. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT DIRECTOR NOTIFIES:
Coshocton County Commissioners
Coshocton County EMA Staff
Red Cross
Salvation Army
Ohio Emergency Management Agency
Public Information Officer(s)
Amateur Radio - ARES
Coshocton County Engineer
Health Departments
Other County Department Heads
City and Village Mayors
Township Trustees
3. CITY and VILLAGE MAYORS NOTIFY:
City or Village Officials
Local Fire Departments
Safety Director
Service Director
Engineer
Clerical staff
4. PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER NOTIFIES:
WTNS Radio
Coshocton Tribune
Other Media
5. DISSEMINATION OF WARNING INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC
Dissemination of warnings to the public will be accomplished by one or more of the
following:
Activation of Sirens
Emergency Telephone Calling System (formerly Code Red / Reverse 911)
Local Radio Broadcast (WTNS)
Emergency Alert System
Cable Television (Con-Alert System)
Weather Alert Radios
Mobile Portable Public Address Systems
Door-to-Door Notification
The Coshocton County Sheriff’s Office serves as the continuous 24 x 7 county warning point to
alert the emergency response agencies, key organizations and the public by using Sheriff’s
office SOPs for the type of emergency or disaster that occurs. The City of Coshocton Fire
Department is the back up for the notification point.
-2-
The following are available for accomplishing the notifications:
Emergency Alert System
Voice Over for Cable TV
Emergency Telephone Calling System (formerly Code Red, Reverse 911)
Media (local newspaper)
Radio - WTNS
Radio - All Hazard Radios (List of locations is in Reference section 9.7)
Telephones
Cell phones
Sirens, See Tab 1
Door-to-Door using vehicle Public Address system
V. DIRECTION and CONTROL
1. The Coshocton County Sheriff has the responsibility to maintain a procedure to receive and
disseminate warning notifications on a 24 x 7 basis.
2. Coshocton County EMA Director has the responsibility to maintain a procedure that, once
notice is received, will evaluate the conditions and respond by opening the EOC if needed,
notify additional personnel as needed, and to effect additional public notification if needed.
3. Coshocton County PlO, once notified, will began to collect information from the Sheriff’s
office, EMA, EOC, and on site Incident Commanders to prepare and disseminate additional
information about the incident to the media and public.
VI. ADDENDUM
Tab 1 - Coshocton County Siren Locations
Tab 2 - Activation Procedure of Emergency Alert System (AES)
Tab 3 - Terrorism Warning Procedures
Tab 4 - Tornado Warning Procedure
Tab 5 - Winter Storm Warning Procedure
Tab 6 - Hazardous Materials Warning Procedure
Tab 7 - Information Needed If Asked to Evacuate
Tab 8 - Radiological Accident Information
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VII. AUTHENTICATION
__________________________________________
Tim Rogers, Coshocton County Sheriff
_______________________
Dated
__________________________________________
_______________________
Dated
-4-
Tab 1
COUNTY SIREN LOCATIONS and METHOD OF ACTIVATION
Co
#
1
Name
Location
Bakersville Fire Station
2
Conesville Fire Station
3
Coshocton City Fire Station
4
Three Rivers Fire
Bakersville
Fire Station
Conesville
Fire Station
Coshocton
Fire Station
Canal Lewisville
Fire Station
Pleasant Valley
Fire Station
West Lafayette
Fire Station
Warsaw
Fire Station
6
West Lafayette Fire Station
7
Walhonding Valley Fire District
Activation
CD
M
CD
M
CD
Siren Signal
Usage
Fire
Tornado
Fire
Tornado
Tornado
CD
Tornado
CD
Tornado
CD
Tornado
M
Tornado
Fire
Activation
CD
Activated by Central Dispatch
M
Manual activation upon notification from Central Dispatch
-5-
Tab 2
Activation Procedure of Emergency Alert System (AES)
ACTIVATION PROCEDURES
Authority for Emergency Alert System (EAS) - Title 47 USC 1541, (o), (303r), (524g) and (606)
47 CFR Part 11, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules and Regulations.
1. Coshocton County is part of the East Central Ohio Emergency Alert System. It utilizes digital
message encoding / decoding equipment, which complies with the standards in the FCC rules,
Part 11, and is certified by the Commission.
2. The Coshocton County Sheriff and the Emergency Management Director are the designated
officials authorized to request activation of the EAS system and are known as notifiers. This is
standard procedure for all counties.
3. Each county notifier is given a code word (and a card) to authenticate request to activate.
Coshocton County’s equipment, encoder, decoder and receiver are placed at the Coshocton
County Sheriff’s office central dispatch location.
4. Requests for activation of the East-Central Ohio Local (EAS) for Amber level emergencies
will be made by contacting WJEIBS (LP-1), for Coshocton County. Emergency communications
from designated notifier will be handled immediately. If the designated LP station cannot be
reached, WONE (LP-2) should be contacted. Notifiers must have all information prepared and
ready to read prior to the requesting EAS activation. Prepared information must contain the type
of emergency, area affected, and action that should be taken.
5. AUTHENTICATION — Authentication of all requests for activation of the East Central Ohio
EAS made by telephone will be made by code word.
6. SEVERE WEATHER WARNINGS: The National Weather Service (NWS) will serve as the
primary notifier for severe weather warnings and subsequent weather information. The NWS will
verify that the transmission of all weather warnings sent over the NOAA weather radio system
occurred. WCMJ will relay warnings for Coshocton County. If notifiers are unable to contact
either of the two LP stations, as a last resort, they may contact NWS.
Emergency broadcast messages must not exceed two minutes in length. Pre-formatted
messages are suggested and proceed with the following beginning and ending statements:
“We interrupt this program to activate the Emergency Alert System,” (then use text of message),
and end with “This concludes this Emergency Alert System message.”
-6-
Tab 3
Terrorism Warning Procedures
Once an event is suspected to be or is identified as being generated by a terrorist, individual or
group, the considerations become complicated. The Incident Commander must determine
several factors that have an effect on what warning and (or) notification must be initiated:
1. Is this an isolated event or is it part of a larger event;
2. What terrorist tools were employed (may be more than one):
• Conventional explosives
• Toxic Gases
• Biological Agents
• Radiological agents (as in a radiological dispersion device)
• Nuclear events
3. Who should the IC notify:
• Sheriff’s office
• Emergency Management
• Public Health
• FBI
4. What should a notification include:
• Evacuation or Shelter-In-Place instructions
• Safety instructions, contamination of objects left outside
• Nature of the incident
When dealing with a terrorist attack, the local public safety and health departments will be, in
almost all cases, the first responding authority. An attack utilizing a biological agent may not be
recognized at first, although at other times it may be obvious immediately. Emphasis must be
put on deterrence, detection, and apprehension of terrorists, as well as providing assistance for
victims.
The dissemination of warning information to response agencies/organizations and the general
public in Coshocton County is done by using sirens, mobile public address system, telephone,
door-to-door notification, cable television, and WTNS radio.
Upon the activation of the local Emergency Operations Center (EOC), the State EOC would be
contacted. If assistance is needed from State or Federal agencies, they would be coordinated
with the local Incident Commander (IC). A Unified Command (UC) or Joint Information Center
(JIC) would be initiated. Portable radios, with different frequencies, have been issued to the
different local responders so interoperability can be maintained.
In the event of receiving a bio/chemical threat, the Coshocton County Sheriff would be notified.
He would then begin a criminal investigation to see if the threat is credible. If the threat is
credible, then appropriate senior officials would be notified.
A decision would have to be made as to who needs to know and then a warning message would
be prepared and disseminated. Care must be given to ensure that the warning message is
worded in such a way that the public takes the action requested quickly, but does not panic. A
response team would need to be activated to meet the needs of the emergency.
-7-
Tab 4
Tornado Warning Procedure
The county has people trained in the proper methods of identification of tornadoes and severe
storms. Each person receives training every 2 years for the Sky Warn Program from the NOAA
Office, Pittsburg, PA. The members have either amateur radio or other method (i.e., portable
radio or phone) to report threatening situations. A method of dissemination of information to the
warning point is established per Pittsburgh Weather Service, the local sheriff’s office and
Emergency Management Office.
The Sheriff, his designee or the EMA Director, or his designee will use procedures set by
weather service regarding putting out warnings for severe storms or threat of a tornado.
Government entities that do not have a siren warning system will use the local radio station and
cable television and law enforcement capabilities to reach as many people as possible.
Radio station WTNS will interrupt programming and announce:
“A tornado has been sighted in the area of (location). Protective actions should be taken
immediately. Please do not use telephones. Listen to this station for further information".
Information will be dispatched for “Warnings".
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS:
WATCH - The Coshocton County Sheriff will dispatch this information to each unit on duty.
Sirens will not be activated for WATCH conditions.
WARNING - The sheriff and Village police will dispatch this WARNING information to each unit
on duty. The EAS system will alert citizens of the warning and describe action steps to be taken.
WARNINGS - are issued when a funnel cloud has been sighted by an observer or detected by
radar. Outdoor sirens will be activated using standard operating procedures by sounding three
cycles of 3 minutes sound and 3 minutes silence.
-8-
Tab 5
Winter Storm Warning Procedure
This tab provides information and procedures for a winter storm warning. There is no fixed
public warning system for winter emergencies. The best means of warning Coshocton County
citizens of winter storms is local radio station WTNS and cable television.
Another means for residents to receive storm information and road conditions is by checking the
sheriff’s office web site www.coshoctonsheriff.com/.
National Weather Service will place warning announcements to all Coshocton County radio /
cable television stations. Broadcasts will keep the information updated to residents in the
Coshocton and surrounding counties. They will issue advisories as necessary and broadcast
information will be released by the weather service.
The Sheriff's Office maintains a three level snow emergency notification system for roads.
Reference Annex L - C Winter Storms for details.
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS:
WINTER STORM WATCH means there is a possibility of the occurrences of one or more of the
following: heavy snow, freezing rain or drizzle, or heavy sleet.
WINTER STORM WARNING means that there is a high probability of one or more of the
following: heavy snow, freezing rain or drizzle, or heavy sleet.
BLIZZARD means the following conditions will exist for an extended period of time; sustained or
gusty winds of 35 mph or more, falling or blowing snow and very low visibility.
FREEZING RAIN (or drizzle) is rain or drizzle that freezes upon contact with an object. Even
small amounts of freezing rain or drizzle can make roads slippery and result in heavy coatings
of ice upon objects.
SLEET is solid grains of ice that are formed by the freezing of raindrops as they fall.
WIND CHILL INDEX describes the chilling effects of various combinations of wind and
temperature on exposed flesh at a walking speed of 4 mph. The wind chill index refers only to
the effect on flesh and not to inanimate objects such as car radiators and batteries.
HEAVY SNOW (in Ohio) generally means a snowfall of 4 inches or more in 12 hours or 6 inches
in 24 hours. The criterion for heavy snow is somewhat higher in the snowbelt counties of
northeastern Ohio.
TRAVELER’ S ADVISORIES mean that difficult driving conditions are expected to develop and
be widespread. The criterion for issuing this advisory varies throughout the year and is
dependent to some extent on the forecaster’s judgment and opinion. Early in the season or after
long snow-free periods, less snow is generally needed to cause travel delays, so traveler’s
advisories are frequently used for lesser accumulations at these times. During the middle of the
winter season, when snow is on the ground and roadways, traveler’s advisories are not
frequently needed. So, if traveler’s advisories are issued during the dead of winter, be ready for
snowfall amounts just below heavy snow criteria.
-9-
Tab 6
Hazardous Materials Warning Procedure
Hazardous materials are common in our environment both in the workplace and in the home.
These materials are used not only by industry but by government, small businesses and private
citizens. Hazardous materials are transported on our roadways.
If there is an emergency regarding hazardous materials, fire and law enforcement
communications will issue warnings to the citizens. This will be accomplished by use of
WTNS radio, table television, door-to-door notification by law enforcement, fire and
REACT personnel.
The Emergency Telephone Calling System (formerly Code Red / Reverse 911) will be utilized to
assist with getting information to the public. Messages will depend on the location of the
incident, type of incident and chemical nature of the material.
Citizens will be instructed to:
1. Shelter-in-place or,
2. Leave the area, and move to a shelter, if required.
The spiller is responsible for notification to the Local Emergency Planning Committee, the
National Response Center and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. If the spill involves a
waterway the Coast Guard and Game Warden will also need to be notified.
Facts that may be used in public education regarding hazardous materials incidents:
INITIAL RESPONSE
If you hear a siren or other warning signal, turn on a radio or television for further emergency
information.
If caught at the scene of an accident or you see an accident, call 911 and report the nature and
location of the accident as soon as possible.
Move away from the accident scene and help keep others away.
Do not walk into or touch any of the spilled substance. Try not to inhale gases, fumes
and cover mouth with a cloth while leaving the area.
Stay away from accident victims until the hazardous material has been identified.
Try to stay upwind and uphill from the accident.
IF ASKED TO STAY INDOORS (SHELTER-IN-PLACE)
Seal house so contaminants cannot enter. Close and lock windows and doors. Seal gaps under
doorways and windows with wet towels and duct tape. Seal gaps around windows and air
conditioning units, bathrooms and kitchen exhaust, stove and dryer vents with duct tape and
plastic sheeting, wax paper or aluminum foil. Close fireplace dampers and close off
nonessential rooms such as storage areas, laundry rooms and extra bedrooms. Turn off
ventilation systems.
- 10 -
ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS
Don’t try to care for victims of a hazardous materials accident until the substance has been
taken care of and authorities indicate it is safe to go near victims. Then you can move victims to
fresh air and emergency medical care. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes and place
them in a bag. Cleanse victims that have come in contact with chemicals by immediately
flushing water over the skin and eyes for at least 15 minutes, unless authorities instruct you not
to use water for the particular chemical involved.
Bring pets inside.
Immediately after the “shelter-in-place” announcement is issued, fill up bathtubs or large
containers for an additional water supply and turn off the intake valve to the house.
If gas or vapors could have entered the building, take shallow breaths through a cloth or a
tissue.
Avoid eating or drinking any food or water that may be contaminated.
Monitor the Emergency Alert System on radio for further updates and remain in shelter until
authorities indicate it is safe to come out.
- 11 -
Tab 7
Information Needed if Asked to Evacuate
Authorities will decide if evacuation is necessary based primarily on the type and amount of
released hazardous materials and how long it is expected to affect an area. Other
considerations are the length of time it should take to evacuate the area, weather conditions,
and the time of day.
IF ASKED TO EVACUATE
Stay tuned to the local radio WTNS or television cable for information on evacuation routes,
temporary shelters and procedures.
Follow the routes recommended by the authorities - shortcuts may not be safe. Leave at once.
If you have time, minimize contamination in the house by closing all windows, shutting all vents,
turning off attic fans, etc.
Take pre-assembled disaster supplies.
Remember to help neighbors who may require special assistance - infants, elderly or people
with disabilities.
AFTER
Return home only when authorities say it is safe.
Follow local instructions concerning the safety of food and water.
Clean up and dispose of residue carefully. Follow instructions from emergency officials
on clean-up methods.
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Tab 8
Radiological Accident Information
WARNING I NOTIFICATION
Radiological accidents can occur wherever radioactive materials are used, stored or
transported.
Coshocton County has one hospital, a railroad and shipping yards at industry that could get
involved in a radiological incident, but considered a low threat and low level of radiation.
Transportation incidents however, create a higher degree of threat.
Media can raise awareness about radiological accidents by providing important information to
the community.
Radioactive materials are dangerous because of the harmful effort of certain types of radiation
on the cells of the body. The longer the person is exposed to radiation, the greater the risk. It
cannot be detected by sight, smell, or any other sense.
WARNING INFORMATION TO BE USED BY RADIO AND TELEVISION MESSAGES
If advised to stay at home, do the following:
Bring pets inside
Close and lock windows and doors
Turn off air conditioning, vents, fans and furnace
Close fireplace dampers
Go to the basement or other underground area
Stay inside until authorities say it is safe
If you must go out, cover mouth and nose
Be prepared to evacuate or find shelter in your home
If coming in from outdoors, advise:
Shower and change clothing and shoes
Put items worn outdoors in a plastic bag and seal it
If advised to evacuate:
Listen to local WTNS radio station for information on evacuation routes, temporary shelters
and other procedures
Minimize contamination in house
Close and lock windows and doors
Turn off air conditioning, vents, fans, and furnace
Close fireplace dampers
Take disaster supplies
AFTER THE EVENT
When the immediate danger has passed, avoid foods from your garden or milk from your cows
or goats until these can be inspected by a local emergency official. Contamination could affect
areas as far as 50 miles from the accident site.
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EMERGENCY PUBLIC INFORMATION
I. PURPOSE
This annex provides for the development and distribution of coordinated emergency public
information through official representatives to protect the citizens of Coshocton County from
hazards that may affect the community. It also relieves primary emergency responders from the
obligation of dealing directly with media and thus facilitates a more effective response to
emergencies or disasters.
SITUATION
1. Coshocton County is vulnerable to many natural and man made hazards that could affect
the county. These hazards are listed as Annex L. Hazards include flooding, tornadoes,
winter and summer storms, hazardous materials incidents (both fixed facility and
transportation), bombings, terrorism, nuclear attack, radiological incidents, and earthquake.
2. Coshocton County provides educational programs to the county through a variety of means.
Public speaking engagements are accomplished in a variety of ways for natural disasters or
other subjects upon request. The EMA Director speaks upon request to any school or civic
or group function. A variety of brochures, pamphlets, etc. are also published and distributed
by the EMA office.
3. Coshocton County has an Emergency Telephone Calling System (formerly Code Red /
Reverse 911). The system has the capability to quickly call every phone listed in the county,
call phones by specific geographic areas, or call pre-designated groups. The Sheriff’s
Office, the Emergency Management Agency, and the Coshocton City Fire can activate the
calling system.
4. Participation in the statewide Severe Weather Safety Awareness Week in the spring is
highly targeted to inform the public, students in schools and encourage drills. The same is
true of the Winter Storm Safety Awareness Week that is held in late fall statewide. The local
newspaper and radio station participate in the dissemination of information during these
weeks for residents.
5. Coshocton County has one daily newspaper in the county. A weekly advertisement paper is
also distributed. There is one local radio station, Coshocton Broadcasting Company
(WTNS), with both AM and FM capability. All media resources have been cooperative and
assist in disseminating information provided them.
6. Coshocton County has three (3) designated Public Information Officers (PlOs) for the
county.
7. If the EOC is activated, a Joint Information Center (JIC) will be opened in Room 145 of the
County Services Building for the media.
8. A PIO room will be opened in Room B-125 of the County Service building providing space,
access to the EOC.
9. Four (4) alternative PIO locations have been established in the county for easier media
meetings. Agreements of understanding are on file for each location. See Tab 4 for the list
of alternative PIO locations and location details.
Annex D - Emergency Public Information 2007
-1 -
10. Briefings to local media will be given periodically and the coordinated media releases will be
prepared with authorization from the proper officials of the county. Briefing timing and
frequency will be announced.
11. The Standard Operating Procedures Document contains the following information related to
standard PIO procedures:
B.1 PIO Field Locations
B.2 Prepared Fact Sheets for Public Instruction, Weather, Health and Agriculture
announcements
B.3 PIO Standard Operating Procedures
Procedures for Phantom Voicemail Box operation
ASSUMPTIONS
1. News media groups will provide emergency instructions to the residents of Coshocton County
on the instruction of the county commissioners. Information would come from the chief elected
officials, the mayor of a village, a township trustee, sheriff, incident commander, fire chief or the
designated officer in charge, the EMA Director, or the coroner. Circumstances of the incident
would determine how the information would be released to the public.
2. When the EOC is activated, news announcements will be released from one source, the Joint
Information Center (JIC).
3. State level news releases will be coordinated with the Coshocton County EMA Director and
the PlO, and will not conflict with any local news release.
4. Rumor control procedures directed by the Coshocton County PlO will help prevent incorrect
information from affecting emergency response activities.
5. If electrical utilities fail during the emergency, action information will be communicated doorto-door and/or by bullhorns or public address systems, by law enforcement officers, fire
responders and local REACT members.
1. Updated agreements with the press and radio organizations in the county will be maintained.
2. Coordinated agreements with media and Emergency Management Directors of adjacent
counties in preparation for multi-county emergencies are maintained.
3. In preparedness efforts, WTNS Radio is a part of the Emergency Alert System (EAS) with
equipment also based at the Coshocton County Sheriff’s Office (encoder-decoder-receiver).
The County Sheriff, or his designated officer or officers, have authority to activate the EAS
system. A list of pre-scripted emergency messages has been prepared and in a short time
can be finalized for distribution to the media.
4. EMA has a supply of pamphlets and brochures, containing hazards specific guidance, that
are made available to the public.
-2 -
5. A document that has been developed by the Coshocton County EMA is the annual
Emergency Reference Directory. This Directory contains local, state and federal phone
numbers with contact names, addresses and phone numbers that tend to change. Copies
of this Directory are available in the EOC during activation.
6. Included in the Emergency Reference Directory, is a listing of news media contacts and
capabilities.
7. Emergency Management also prepares the Emergency Procedures Document, which
contains tips and procedures for the public. The document is updated annually and posted
on the EMA's web site, coshoctonema.com.
8. Exercises in Coshocton County include the media groups to keep them informed and
oriented to procedures.
9. The response activities may include direction, coordination, and supervision of the news
release of all emergency public information through the JIC. Regular briefings to the EOC
personnel are necessary. Relaying emergency public information through the designated
media outlets in the county, as soon as the threat has been determined and evaluated by
emergency personnel, will be made as soon as possible using all media. Any reference to
missing persons will be referred to the Red Cross or Sheriff’s Department.
10. The Ohio Emergency Management Agency will need to be kept briefed on county level
activities. Citizens who have sustained damage will need to be informed on disaster
assistance. If the need for a Disaster Assistance Center (DAC) is necessary, a PlO would
be assigned to that location to assist in getting coordinated and accurate information to the
public.
11. The coordination between incident site and the EOC is important. Once the EOC is
activated, information will be released to the media only from the JIC location with liaisons
PIO's at the incident site(s).
12. Information for the resident's health, safety and property protection will be prepared and
released on a regular basis to media resources in order to prevent rumors and panic.
13. In recovery efforts of the incident, it would be necessary to inform citizens of types of
assistance that would be available to them.
14. The EMA Director, the Coshocton County Sheriff, or his designee, the County
Commissioners or the Mayor of the affected jurisdiction would activate the PIO function.
IV. ORGANIZATION and ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
1. The PlO’s for the EOC are appointed with approval of the County Commissioners. The
County PlO is the designated media spokesperson for Coshocton County during an
emergency.
2. Dissemination of public information will be made from the JIC via news conferences,
interviews, and news releases. This will serve as the single official point of contact and
release of information during an emergency.
-3 -
3. Refer to the Handbook of Emergency Forms, Duties and Responsibilities for EOC
Coordinators, form #1.10 for specific PIO duties.
V. DIRECTION and CONTROL
1. The JlC provides for an organized arrangement to provide accurate, coordinated and timely
instructions and information to the public during an emergency.
2. All organizations involved in emergency response and recovery and having requirements to
release information to media, will cooperate with JIC procedures set by the Public
Information Officer and the personnel who authorize news releases.
3. The Coshocton County PlO manages the activities at the JIC in coordination with the
Coshocton County Commissioners and representatives of the EOC and at the Incident
Command Center at the incident site.
1. Three (3) approved PIOs, with contact information, are documented in the Controlled and
Sensitive Information Document.
1. The acting PIOs will review all press releases before being released. Timely dissemination
is essential.
2. Pre-scripted press releases are stored in the PIO file in the EOC. The press releases are
written in advance for emergencies typically experienced by the county residents. Press
Releases for the following subjects are on file:
Winter Storms
Winter Storms and Livestock
Tornados
Flooding
Water Boil Instructions, Individuals / Households
Water Boil Guidelines, Food retail establishments and food service
Re-entering Damaged / Flooded Homes
Contaminated food disposals (for restaurants, grocery stores, schools)
3. When the EOC is activated, the county PlO on duty will maintain a log of all media contacts
made, press releases issued, and other major PlO functions accomplished during that shift.
This report will be given to the PlO coming on-duty at the end of that shift. The PlO coming
on duty should be briefed on activities and needs for the next shift.
4. Representatives from State, Federal, and private sector organizations will coordinate with
the PlO for the provision of emergency public information or technical information for release
to the public. Such information includes, but is not limited to, health risks related to the
hazard, type and availability of assistance, geographic, geological, meteorological, and
demographic information related to population protection.
-4 -
VIII. PLAN DEVELOPMENT and MAINTENACE
Refer to the Basic Plan, Development and Maintenance Section.
IX. AUTHORITIES and REFERENCES
See Basic Plan, Authorities and Reference Section.
Joint Information System Handbook EMI 1988
X. ADDENDUM
Tab 1
Tab 2
Tab 3
Tab 4
Media Resources
Emergency Alert Message Text Explanation
Pre-scripted Codes for EAS Activation
Alternative PIO Locations and Details
XI. AUTHENTICATION
___________________________________________
_______________________
Dated
-5 -
Tab 1
MEDIA RESOURCES
PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICERS
Refer to the latest copy of the Coshocton County Emergency Resource Catalog or Emergency
Reference Directory for names, addresses, phone numbers, etc. of current Public Information
Officers.
NEWSPAPER
Coshocton Tribune
550 Main Street
Coshocton, Ohio 43812
Phone: 740-622-1122
RADIO STATIONS
WTNS Coshocton Broadcasting
114 N. Sixth Street
Phone: 740-622-1560
WKLM Radio
Millersburg, Ohio 44654
Phone: 330-674-1953
WTUZ Radio
2424 E. High Ave.
New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663
Phone: 330-339-5065
TELEVISION
Adelphia Media Services (local cable)
640 Walnut Street
Phone: 740-622-5065
WHIZ TV Station (Zanesville)
629 Downard Rd.
Zanesville, Ohio 43701
Phone: 740-452-5431
-6 -
Tab 2
EMERGENCY ALERT MESSAGE TEXT EXPLANATION
The Emergency Alert System message text is the actual text of the emergency message to be
transmitted. All Ohio State EAS messages will begin with the statement:
“WE INTERRUPT THIS PROGRAM TO ACTIVATE THE EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM.” It
will end with the statement: “THIS CONCLUDES THIS EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM
MESSAGE.”
This audio message, including open, close and body must be limited to TWO (2) minutes in
order to fit within the recording space provided in the EAS Decoders.
End of Message Code
The end of message code, generated by pushing a button, is the preamble followed by a string
of four ASCII “N” characters. The end of message code is transmitted by the encoder three
times with one second pauses between transmissions. Its purpose is to return automated
broadcast programming equipment to normal programming after an EAS interruption.
The EAS Protocol described above is taken from the FCC Rules, Part 11, and shall be used
exclusively by the Ohio EAS System.
-7 -
Tab 3
Pre-scripted Codes for EAS Activation
Warning Codes:
Emergency Action Notification
Emergency Action Termination
Required Monthly Test
Required Weekly Test
Child Abduction Emergency
Civil Danger Warning
Civil Emergency Message
Earthquake Warning
Evacuation Immediate
Fire Warning
Flash Flood Warning
Hazardous Material Warning
Law Enforcement Warning
9-1-1 Telephone Outage Emergency
Nuclear Power Plant Warning
Radiological Hazard Warning
Shelter in Place Warning
Tornado Warning
EAN
EAT
RMT
RWT
CAE
CDW
CEM
EQW
EVI
FRW
FFW
HMW
LEW
TOE
NUW
RHW
SPW
TOR
Optional Codes codes authorized for use by station on an as needed or optional basis:
—
National Information Center
National Periodic Test
Blizzard Warning
Flash Flood Watch
Flash Flood Statement
Flood Warning
Flood Watch
Flood Statement
High Wind Warning
High Wind Watch
Network Message Notification
Practice / Demo Warning
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
Severe Thunderstorm Watch
Severe Weather Statement
Special Marine Warning
Special Weather Statement
Tornado Watch
Winter Storm Warning
Winter Storm Watch
NIC
NPT
BZW
FFA
FFS
FLW
FLA
FLS
HWW
HWA
NMN
DMO
SVR
SVA
SVS
SMW
SPS
TOA
WSW
WSA
-8 -
Tab 4
ALTERNATIVE PIO LOCATIONS
TWP
Facility Name
Location
Contact Name
Contact Number
Primary Location
Coshocton City
Coshocton Co. Services Building
Basement - Room 125
Coshocton
724 South 7 St.
James Van Horn
622-1984-EMA
Secondary Locations
Adams Twp.
Bakersville Presbyterian
Bakersville
Joyce Bahmer
545-6954-H
Bedford Twp.
Echoing Hills
West Bedford
Donnis Meek
327-3325-W
Linton Twp.
Plainfield Methodist Church
Plainfield
Rev. Johnny Swann
545-6413 Church
545-6126 Home
Monroe Twp.
Township Hall
Spring Mountain
Tom Fabian
824-3253-H
-9 -
EVACUATION and TRANSPORTATION
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this annex is to document the plan for safe and orderly evacuation of people
threatened by an emergency or disaster situation in Coshocton County.
SITUATION
1. Emergency conditions could occur in Coshocton County from natural disasters (tornadoes,
flooding, fires, or other natural events), from hazardous materials that are used, stored,
produced, or transported in the county, and nuclear events. Any one of these conditions
could require the need for an evacuation of residents.
2. There are populated areas within Coshocton County that are in close proximity to facilities
using or storing hazardous materials. The residents near these facilities may have to be
evacuated in the event of a hazardous materials incident. Maps of these locations are part
of the Coshocton County Hazardous Materials Plan.
3. The Ohio Revised Code authorizes law enforcement and fire departments the power to
protect the lives and property of the citizens in their jurisdiction. Therefore, the Coshocton
County Sheriff, West Lafayette Police Chief, and the Chiefs of the Fire Departments are
empowered to determine the need and to order evacuations during emergencies.
4. In Coshocton County, when time allows, all evacuation orders will be coordinated with the
County Commissioners, Mayors or Township Trustees of the affected jurisdiction and the
Emergency Management Director before they are released to the public.
ASSUMPTIONS
Assumptions need to be made on probable operational situations under disaster/emergency
conditions.
1. Residents who live in an area at risk and have sufficient warning time to evacuate, and have
the means to do so, will evacuate on their own after notification from authorities.
2. With advanced warning, fifty percent (50%) or more of the residents may spontaneously
evacuate a threatened jurisdiction before an evacuation order is given.
3. County emergency safety personnel will assist those in need of assistance.
4. Some residences will refuse to evacuate regardless of the threat.
5. Many residents with pets will refuse to evacuate unless arrangements have been made to
care for their animals.
6. The evacuation of county residents to an adjacent county will be done in coordination with
the Coshocton County EMA Director and the host county EMA Director.
7. It is estimated that about twenty percent (20%) of the population at risk will take advantage
of sheltering in a mass care facility. From other evacuations that have occurred in the State
of Ohio, it has been demonstrated that a majority of the people who need to evacuate their
Annex E - Evacuation and Transportation 2007
-1-
home, seek shelter with relatives, friends, or motels rather than use provided mass-care
centers.
8. While evacuations in the county have been minimal, it is possible that a future disaster /
emergency could cause a large evacuation and planning for a large-scale evacuation is part
of the preparation.
9. According to the Highway Capacity Manual referenced in FEMA CPG 2-1 5, the following
capacity for an ideal evacuation movement is:
1,200 vehicles / hr
2,000 vehicles / hr.
two lane undivided rural roads
per hour, per lane in multi-lane rural highways with two or more lanes
in each direction
2,400 vehicles / hr.
per hour, per lane in multi-lane divided freeways or expressways with
limited access.
10. Emergency public information will be released to evacuees telling them where public
shelters are located. Routes that are restricted due to the emergency will be identified.
11. The activated EOC will work to schedule school buses and / or other transportation for
residents without vehicles.
12. Assembly points where evacuees may board buses will be announced by radio and/or bull
horns in the affected areas.
13. In an immediate danger situation, the sheriff’s department and fire personnel may force
unwilling persons to evacuate (reference: Ohio Attorney General Opinion #87-099). EMS
and REACT personnel may assist under the direction of the sheriff or fire personnel.
14. If the sheriff, fire, EMS or REACT personnel choose to not forcibly evacuate any unwilling
adult (believed to be of sound mind), they must document the refusal to evacuate by listing
names, addresses, date and time of refusal. Telephone numbers of the next-of-kin is also
beneficial for notification purposes.
15. Evacuation of people at risk for emergency situations that occur with little or no warning will
be implemented on an ad hoc basis. The individual responsible for implementing this should
be the Incident Commander at the scene of the emergency with support arranged through
the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) as necessary. Evacuation instructions will be
based on known or assumed health risks associated for whatever hazard caused the
evacuation.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
There are facilities in Coshocton County with Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS). Most of
these facilities are located within populated areas among other industries and businesses.
Depending on the time of day, the day of the week, etc., the number of people who may need
evacuated would vary.
Sheltering-in-place can also be utilized if appropriate for the incident.
-2-
FLOODING - Areas located along the Muskingum, Tuscarawas and Walhonding Rivers, and
other creeks and streams in the county that routinely flood after heavy rainfall are located in
non-populated areas, and citizens in these areas know the danger. The majority of these
people know when and how to get out due to the frequency of flooding in those areas, and know
where they will be going without the assistance of county government.
The area in Coshocton County that is subject to the greatest damage from flooding is the area
in Coshocton between 2nd Street and the Muskingum River. Detailed evacuation plans for this
area are listed in Tab 2.
Refer to Annex L for more information on flooding.
TORNADOES - While Coshocton County has not had any significant tornado activity for years,
a tornado with a major magnitude could occur.
Due to the lack of time and the unknown of an exact location pre-tornado evacuation is not a
standard practice. The instructions are to go to a safe location at once.
Tornadoes destroy homes and property as they pass and evacuating is not as necessary as
insuring the victims are safe from the debris remaining.
As tornadoes leave debris everywhere, this can hamper emergency personnel responding to
the area with assistance.
In the past, severe thunderstorm damage left many trees down, houses damaged from fallen
trees, and some families have had to leave their homes until the homes were repaired. Shelters
have not been necessary and the affected families knew the evacuation route to their temporary
residence.
Refer to Annex L-B for more information on tornadoes.
The Coshocton County EMA Director is responsible for initiating the activities concerning
mitigation and preparation for an evacuation.
MITIGATION
1. Identify and develop plans for areas that may require evacuation.
2. Discourage development, particularly residential, in floodplains and other hazardous areas.
3. Develop emergency public information messages for areas where the risk population and
the evacuation routes can be predetermined.
4. Maintain contact with the Sheriff’s office, and elected officials in municipal and county
governments to insure their SOP’s (standard operating procedures) are up to date and
address their assignment responsibilities in the event of an emergency evacuation.
PREPAREDNESS
1. In cooperation with county and municipal school superintendents, maintain a listing and
location of school buses and 24-hour numbers.
2. Identify and maintain a listing of the special needs population groups (handicapped, senior
citizens, daycare centers) who may require special assistance during an evacuation.
-3-
3. Advise fire and rescue forces to maintain files of the special needs groups in their
jurisdiction.
RESPONSE
The Coshocton County Sheriff’s office and Fire Chiefs of affected jurisdictions are responsible
for response phase activities.
1. With the agency requesting the EOC to be activated, evaluate the need for an evacuation.
2. Notify hospitals, nursing homes, schools, day care centers, retirement communities, and
other special needs facilities to activate emergency plans and assist them as needed.
3. Notify residents in affected area.
4. Activate REACT personnel and provide traffic control for evacuating population.
5. Provide public information for evacuees.
6. Coordinate with Emergency Medical Service (EMS) for medical, transportation, and related
support for the handicapped and elderly during an evacuation emergency.
7. Schedule transportation resources with school superintendents and review routes.
8. Notify Red Cross to open shelters as needed.
RECOVERY
Coshocton County Sheriff’s office and the Coshocton County EMA Director have primary
responsibility for recovery efforts.
1. Monitor area in cooperation with other response organizations and review findings in order to
determine when the environment is safe for reentry.
2. Coordinate the return order with Coshocton County Commissioners, mayor, or township
trustees of the affected jurisdiction.
3. Designate return routes and provide appropriate public information to evacuees.
4. Coordinate with utility providers for resumption of services.
5. Maintain listing of expended resources and man hours.
IV. ORGANIZATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
EVACUATION POLICY
1. The Incident Commander must coordinate with the Chief Elected Official (CEO) of the
affected jurisdiction(s) before an evacuation order is given, if time and circumstances
permits.
2. The Incident Commander will appoint an Evacuation Coordinator who will work with the
Coshocton County EOC if activated. This coordinator will act as liaison between the site and
the EOC.
3. Sheriff’s Officers or police of the affected jurisdiction will provide movement control for the
evacuation and support fire departments in notification efforts. Coshocton County REACT
may assist in this effort.
TRANSPORTATION POLICY
1. The EMA Director will maintain a list of school buses and drivers that can be used on short
notice to assist in an evacuation.
2. The County EMA office yearly maintains a listing of transportation resources that can be
used on short notice for an evacuation.
-4-
3. The MRDD Agency Director will maintain a list of school buses and drivers that can be used
on short notice to assist in an evacuation.
4. The owners/administrators of EMS squads, handicapped transportation services cooperate
with the Transportation Coordinator to provide listings of ambulances, vans, and other
vehicles that can be used to evacuate the handicapped and infirmed.
5. Transportation will be provided for those who do not own automobiles. Pick up points will be
announced in public information releases.
6. Most evacuees will evacuate in their own vehicles.
7. The American Red Cross, in cooperation with local authorities at the shelter sites, will
designate parking areas. Vehicle security will be provided by the sheriff's department or
their designated volunteer forces.
COSHOCTON COUNTY EMA / EOC
1. Activate the EOC if needed, and coordinate with Incident Commander for evacuation
support.
2. Execute evacuation plans and SOP in cooperation with response organizations.
3. Coordinate relocation into other jurisdictions with the EMA directors in receiving counties.
4. Assure public information press releases are provided.
5. Notify state and federal officials as required.
SHERIFF / VILLAGE POLICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Provide movement control for evacuation.
Coordinate sheriff department activities with EOC .
Provide security in evacuated areas.
Support fire departments in providing notification to evacuees.
Establish perimeter and crowd control.
Assist in public information.
COSHOCTON COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICTS
1. Provide buses for evacuation, as requested by the EOC / Incident Commander.
LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES
1. Develop a roster of essential employees who must remain during an evacuation.
2. Develop plans for the relocation of essential documents and resources.
FIRE AND RESCUE SERVICES
1. Designate an Incident Commander and provide direction and control at scene of evacuation
in coordination with County Commissioners, Mayors, or Township Trustees of the
jurisdiction.
2. Notify the EOC of need for transportation.
3. Provide liaison to the EOC for coordination of material / personnel support.
4. Notify individuals to be evacuated.
5. Determine when environment is safe for return of evacuees.
1. The Incident Commander is responsible for Direction and Control of the evacuation scene.
-5-
2. The Incident Commander will coordinate with the highest-elected officials of the affected
jurisdiction before an evacuation order is issued, if time permits.
3. The Incident Commander will coordinate with the EOC for material support, release of
emergency public information, and briefings to officials.
4. The EOC Coordinator for transportation schedules the school buses and coordinates
requests for additional transportation resources with the Evacuation Coordinator in the EOC.
VI. CONTINUITY OF OPERATION
The following succession of authority designates positions to ensure continuous leadership,
authority, and responsibility in emergency positions.
A. Incident Commander
1. Next senior official to Incident Commander
2. Second senior official
B. Evacuation Coordinator
1. Fire official appointed by Incident Commander
2. Relief for official appointed by Incident Commander
ADMINISTRATION
1. The county EMA Director, in cooperation with sheriff, fire, and government officials of the
jurisdictions will administer the policies necessary to fulfill the responsibilities listed in this
annex.
2. Coshocton County Fire Departments have entered into a statewide mutual-aid agreement to
assure adequate material and personnel and resources support the response in the event of
emergencies. Activation of mutual-aid will occur according to the procedures listed in the
agreement.
3. Requests for state assistance will be made through the County EMA.
LOGISTICS
1. Transportation of Essential Workers to and from the risk area(s) will be provided by their
respective organizations. Should additional transportation be required, requests will be
made through the activated EOC or through the Incident Commander, if the EOC is not
activated.
2. Overcoming unforeseen impediments is the responsibility of the Incident Commander in
cooperation with officials of the affected jurisdiction(s), if the EOC is not activated.
3. If the EOC is activated, the Incident Commander will request assistance in resolving the
difficulties through the EOC.
4. Vehicles having mechanical problems during an evacuation will be moved to the side of the
road and sheriff / village police will provide movement control and will transport stranded
evacuees.
Refer to Basic Plan, Development and Maintenance Section.
-6-
Authorities
Ohio Pubic Transportation and Safety Rules, Rule #301-83-16. As amended. Non-Routine Use
of School Buses effective October 22, 1984.
References
Ohio Revised Code 733.03, 733.23 (General Powers of Mayors). 737.11
(Duties for Municipal Police and Fire Departments), 311 .07 (General Powers and Duties of the
Sheriff), and the Ohio Attorney General’s Opinion #1 532.
X. ADDENDUM
Tab 1 - Evacuation in Response to Threat of CBRN Attack
Tab 2 - Evacuation of Coshocton 2nd Street to River Area to be developed
Tab 3 - Emergency Transportation Providers
XI. AUTHENTICATION
___________________________________________
_______________________
Dated
-7-
Tab 1
Evacuation in Response to Threat of CBRN Attack
I. PURPOSE
This appendix provides procedures for an evacuation due to an attack or attack threat using
nuclear, biological or chemical weapons.
SITUATION
1. Potential enemies of the United States have the capability to launch an attack on the United
States with sufficient weapons to strike a high proportion of our industrial, military, and
population areas.
2. Two options are available for protecting the population from the effects of attack:
a. If a period of increasing tension and deteriorating relations precedes an attack,
population relocation may be initiated to remove the population from a target or risk area
and relocate it in a safer host area. This will prevent the population from receiving the
direct effects from the attack and it will allow for essential services and production
capabilities to be maintained. It is anticipated an attack on the United States would most
likely be preceded by such a crisis period allowing sufficient time for crisis relocation to
take place.
b. If an attack appears imminent or has already occurred, another option is in-place
sheltering. Immediate shielding from the direct effects of the attack offers some protection.
This may occur in private homes or other buildings or in designated community fallout
shelters on file with the Coshocton County EMA Director.
3. If the entire area of Coshocton County is considered a low risk area, in-place sheltering
should be employed in the entire county.
4. Certain vital facilities and activities must be continued to preserve the county, to assist in
relocating essential goods and services to the relocated population, and/or continue industrial
production important to the economy.
5. Coshocton County has been designated as a host county should a crisis occur and relocation
is implemented. Most likely, these evacuees will be arriving from metropolitan areas of the
state.
III CONCEPT OF OPERATION
1. Pre-Crisis Phase - normal readiness during peacetime.
2. Crisis Phase - includes increased readiness and mobilization of emergency services, if and
when ordered by the Governor.
3. Movement Phase - begins when the Governor of Ohio orders evacuation of high-hazards
areas.
Day 1 - Public with vehicles
Day 2 - Public needing transportation special needs population
Day 3 - Movement of resources and essential workers
-8-
4. Sustaining Period - begins with arrival of evacuees in reception areas and involves support
and care of evacuees. This phase includes maintenance and support of critical production and
service activities by essential personnel commuting to and from high-hazard area. Relocatees
will self-manage in host areas.
5. Return Phase - begins when ordered by the Governor and covers the time necessary to
safely move the population back to their homes.
B. Notification and Mobilization
Notice of an enemy attack and consequent emergency response mobilization is initiated
nationally. State government will forward this notification to local government utilizing a system,
which determines appropriate actions that must be taken. The county EMA will activate the
EOC.
C. In-Place Sheltering
In-place sheltering may be the necessary option to be implemented even if crisis relocation has
been previously implemented. In-place sheltering will allow for protection from radioactive
fallout. In-place sheltering will be implemented through a combination of improved or expedient
shelters, and assigned community fallout shelters.
D. Key Workers
Each jurisdiction will be responsible for designating key workers to ensure continuity of
government and for preservation of records. Each industry within the township will be
responsible for designating key workers to ensure industrial productivity, and the relocation of
essential goods and services needed in the safe areas.
Key workers will commute from a safe-area to their place of employment. Key workers will be
identified by an identification card supplied by their employers.
Once all residents have been evacuated from risk areas, buses will be available to transport key
workers if necessary. Risk and close-in host areas should assure that any non-essential key
workers from the risk area return to their close-in host area. Ensure that essential workers are
knowledgeable of their shelter assignments in the risk area.
E. Evacuation Information
The residents will receive printed information concerning evacuation routes, essential items to
take with them, and the destination shelter.
F. Resources
Extra resources will be requested / provided from the risk area to support accelerated host area
operations. If crisis relocation is ordered, resources left in the risk area for protection of life and
property will be transferred to the host areas for preservation if an attack occurs and to assist
the host areas’ expanded populations.
-9-
In the event of a national security emergency, all emergency response groups within each
jurisdiction will be activated. Responsibilities of each agency, department, and organization in
this region will be as shown in the Evacuation Annex or other parts of this plan.
Direction and Control will follow those procedures outlined in Annex A (Direction and Control).
When it becomes necessary to evacuate, the seat of government will not relocate until all
residents have been evacuated, all essential resources and equipment have been relocated,
and all key workers in government and industry have been established their operations.
See Section VII of the Evacuation section of the Mass Care/Sheltering and Evacuation
Annex.
Refer to Basic Plan, Plan Development and Maintenance.
Refer to Basic Plan, Authorities and Reference Section.
X. ADDENDUM
Attachment 1
Evacuation Planning Checklist
- 10 -
Attachment 1
Evacuation Planning Checklist
1. Have you identified your political boundaries and risk population? (.5 psi and above - plan for
100% evacuation of 2 psi areas)??.
2. Have you selected in-place sheltering within the county or will you be forced to evacuate to
surrounding jurisdictions?
3. How will you group your evacuees?
a. How do they know where to go?
b. Group by geographic or zip codes or what?
4. Critical worker force (10% of your risk area residents - this includes their families).
a. I.D.?
b. Shelters?
c. Instructions?
d. Feeding?
e. Reentry?
5. Identification of special needs population (handicapped, elderly and institutionalized, nonspeaking English, transients, jail inmates)?
6. Specific allocation to host counties? (1:1 desired - consider host availability of fallout shelter
space).
7. What is your stay-behind policy (5% - 20%)?
8. Transportation?
a. Autos
b. Buses: school, tour
c. Identify requirements
d. Assembly areas
e. Resources
9. Traffic Control Considerations
a. Capacity planning factor
b. Traffic control points
c. Movement
d. Access control
e. Use of staging areas
f. Rest areas
10. Redistribution of Resources
a. Food and Water
b. Medical
c. Equipment
d. Fire, emergency medical, sheriff / police, public works,
e. Fuel
11. CPG 2-15 is to be used for the development of this attachment.
- 11 -
Tab 2
Evacuation of Coshocton 2nd Street to Muskingum River Area
DRAFT TAB
A. INTRODUCTION
This Tab addresses the specific procedures and actions required to effect a successful
evacuation of the area covered. This plan is to reduce to a minimum the personnel loss due to
injury or death to residents in the affected area.
B. AREA ADDRESSED
The specific area addressed in this Tab is that area between the Muskingum River and South
2nd Street in the City of Coshocton.
C. EVENT ADDRESSED
The event addressed is rising water in the Muskingum River that is projected to or does
overflow the river bank in this area. This is in general equal to or higher than 19.5 feet at the
Coshocton river gauge.
D. MONITORING OF CONDITIONS
Monitoring of the river level and weather conditions will be accomplished by the following and
for the following parameters:
1. Muskingum River at the Coshocton gauging station. This is best accomplished by
monitoring the following web site. The web site should be monitored when there is an indication
that the river level can be expected to rise.
http://newweb.erh.noaa.gov/ahps2/index.php?wfo=pbz
2. When conditions are identified that indicates the river level could reach flood stage, the
monitoring will be made at least daily.
3. When conditions are identified that indicate the river level will continue to rise and could
reach above the flood stage, additional monitoring of other rivers and dams in the Muskingum
River drainage area will be monitored.
4. When conditions are identified that indicate the Muskingum River will continue to rise and is
projected to reach the level of 19 feet or higher, the monitoring frequency will be increased and
flood watch / warning will be provided to the public.
E. PUBLIC NOTICE
There are three (3) levels of public notice that will be used:
1. Warning
Warnings will be posted to the public when the Muskingum River as measured at the Coshocton
gauge station indicates that the river level is increasing and there is a possibility that within 12 to
24 hours will reach the level of flooding for this area.
2. Evacuation
Evacuation notices will be posted when the Muskingum River as measured at the Coshocton
gauge station indicates that the river level is increasing and within 2 to 4 hours will overflow into
the area.
- 12 -
3. Required Evacuation
Required Evacuation notices will be posted when the Muskingum River as measured at the
Coshocton gauge station indicates that the river level is increasing and within 2 to 4 hours will
overflow into the area with enough force to cause damage to buildings and later evacuations will
require special equipment and place responders in harms way.
F. TRANSPORTATION
There are specific requirements for each of the three notice phases in E above:
1. Warning
At this stage of warning, a count will be made to determine approximately how many people will
need to be evacuated and where they will be moved to for initial safety. With this data,
transportation sources will be contacted and placed on notice of potential need and to stand by.
2. Evacuation
At this stage of warning, the transportation units placed on stand-by will be directed to report to
a location just outside the danger zone. From the staging area, they will be sent to specific
pickup points that were identified in the public notice for evacuation.
Transportation needs for this stage of evacuation should not require additional equipment as the
number of people requiring forced evacuation should be less due to voluntary evacuation by
many.
G. SHELTERING
Sheltering requirements will also follow the three warning phases:
1. Warning
At this stage, an estimate of the number requiring evacuation has been determined and the
Coshocton Chapter of American Red Cross will be notified of this number and a joint
determination will be made of how many will take advantage of shelters. The Red Cross should
identify the location of shelters that could be opened.
2. Evacuation
At this stage the Red Cross should announce where the shelters are open and transportation
will then determine the best way to get there.
At this stage there should be few people in addition to the ones already evacuated and would
not plan to open additional shelters until the current open shelters have reached their capacity.
H. RESPONSIBILITIES and DUTIES
The following people or agencies have the specific duties and responsibilities that they are to
accomplish for a successful evacuation for this area.
1. Emergency Management Agency
○
Monitor the Weather
○
Monitor the river levels
○
Maintain contact with the COE (Mohawk Dam)
○
Evaluate and project, short term (12 hours) and long term (length of event), the
river activity
- 13 -
○
○
○
○
Activate the EOC as necessary or requested
Contact transportation resources as needed
Contact the animal shelter and specify what pet sheltering is required
Make special needs information available to evacuation personnel
2. Coshocton County Sheriff
○
Monitor the Weather
○
Monitor the river levels
○
Secure the evacuated area
○
Initiate evacuation announcement
3. Coshocton City Fire Department
○
Upon being notified of a possible need for an evacuation, activate their
emergency plan for evacuations
○
Initiate door to door check for residents
○
Advise boat rescue teams to stand by for call
4. Coshocton Chapter American Red Cross
○
Upon being notified of a possible need for an evacuation, alert staff to stand by for
opening shelters
○
On notification of an evacuation open shelters as needed
○
Provide evacuee registration service
5. Coshocton County Emergency Medical Service
○
Upon being notified of a possible need of evacuation, alert crews to stand by
○
Advise additional teams to standby for a call
○
Notify Coshocton County Memorial Hospital of preparations for evacuation
6. City of Coshocton Mayor
○
After being notified of the possibility of a needed evacuation, remain in contact
with the EMA
○
Notify Coshocton City services that they could be needed
○
Coordinate medical services from surrounding counties when possible,
street, health, and water departments
7. REACT
○
Establish traffic control as directed by the sheriff's department
○
Control access to flooded streets or roads
8. ARES
○
○
Upon notification of a possible evacuation, alert ARES members to standby.
Dispatch ARES members with radios and the van to locations as requested,
establish radio frequencies and radio network
9. PIO
○
○
Upon notification of a possible evacuation, standby for activation
Upon activation, consider a media release advising residents to turn of gas, water
and electrical service to the residence
- 14 -
Survey to Determine Number of Residents in the South Second Street Area
This survey was taken by the City Water Department employee in February 2007 to determine
the population base for planning purposes.
620 S. Water St.
116 Ivy St.
120 Ivy St.
101 Walnut Street
105 Walnut Street
113 Walnut Street
123 Walnut Street
125 Walnut Street
127 Walnut Street
138 Walnut Street
132 Walnut Street
122 Walnut Street
114 Walnut Street
110 Walnut Street
104 Walnut Street
76 Walnut Street
vacant / water off
vacant / water off
vacant / water off
2
2
2
3
3
1
3
105 Main Street
107 Main Street
2
3
3
2
1
1
2
vacant / no water
(rental)
(rental)
(rental)
(rental)
(rental)
(rental)
(rental)
359 S. 2nd Street
365 S. 2nd Street
623 S. 2nd Street 2
vacant / no water
vacant / for rent
Minn-Lynn Trailer Courts
80 Zero Street
158
777 1/2 S. 2nd St. 72
825 S. 2nd St.
56
Sadler Trailer Court
66 W. Pine St.
64 W. Pine St.
503 River Rd.
501 River Rd.
151 Vine St.
118 Mulberry St.
122 Mulberry St.
111 Mulberry St.
102 Mulberry St.
220 S. Water Street
218 S. Water Street
214 S. Water Street
144 S. Water Street
138 S. Water Street
131 S. Water Street
141 S. Water Street
143 S. Water Street
149 S. Water Street
10
2
2
4
4
4
4
2
8
1
4
3
4
(6 trailers — 5 occupied)
(trailer)
(trailer)
(rental)
(rental)
(rental)
(rental)
(rental)
(vacant)
(apartment bldg)
vacant
1
3
2
4
TOTAL RESIDENTS 324
- 15 -
Tab 3
Emergency Transportation Providers
EMS Squads
City of Coshocton
Village of Warsaw
Village of West Lafayette
24 hour
Service
1
1
1
Number of EMS Squads
Service in
Total EMS
30 Minutes
Squads Available
1
2
1
2
1
School Buses
Numbers / Availability
1 Hr
3 Hr
Handicap
Fleet
10
25
1
36
11
11
1
23
4
7
11
6
2
8
8
1 van 1 van
1
2
Fuel
Diesel
Diesel
Diesel
Diesel
Gas
Public Transportation
Name
Muskingum Coach
Phone 24 x 7
740-622-2545
Fuel
Diesel
Air Ambulances
Name
Medflight
Critical Care units
MICU - Ground Units
Rotary Wing
24 x 7
6
2
Name
Riverview School
Ridgewood School
Coshocton City School
Hopewell
Vans
Agency Name
Contact
Senior Center
Rhonda Haas
Coshocton Co
Deb Laney
Coord Transportation
Fleet
24
Additional
available in 2 hrs
0
2
Phone
740-622-4852
740-622-7139
Radio
Frequency
See “Controlled
and Sensitive
Information”
Radio
Frequency
Use CB radios
Total Rotary
Wing Ambulances
6
4
Number / Capacity
3 - 6 passenger vans
Private auto and vans
contracted to the county
Note: See the Emergency Resource Catalog for additional contact information.
- 16 -
USE THIS OUTLINE FOR REWRITE OF THIS SECTION
•
•
•
•
May 07
Evaluate and project, short term (12 hours) and long term (length of event),
What the river level is likely to do
Activate the EOC as necessary or requested partial activation
Contact transportation resources as needed
1. Coshocton County Sheriff
○ Monitor the Weather
○ Monitor the river levels
○ Notify REACT to stand by for activation
○ Make decision to evacuate, activate services
2. Coshocton City Fire Department
○ Notify to standby to activate their service for possible an evacuation
3. Coshocton Chapter Red Cross
○ Notify to standby to activate plans for shelter(s)
○ When notified of the need for an evacuation, open shelters
○
4. Coshocton County Emergency Medical Service
○ Notify EMS Service that they could be needed
5. City of Coshocton Mayor
o After being notified of the possibility of a needed evacuation to remain in contact
with the EMA
○ Notify City resources that they could be needed
6. Coshocton County EOC
○ Notify for possible partial activation of the EOC
○ Notify:
WTNS Radio
- 17 -
SHELTERING, MASS CARE and SPECIAL NEEDS
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this annex is to plan for sheltering and mass care. This annex identifies
coordinative actions needed between agencies to ensure public health and safety to protect
evacuees and disaster victims from the effects of disaster.
SITUATION
1. County government is responsible for the development of a plan to provide mass care
services for its residents in the event of an emergency and should be prepared to receive and
care for people evacuated from another county that has been impacted by a disaster.
2. American Red Cross (ARC), Coshocton Chapter and The Salvation Army are the primary
agencies for providing or assisting with sheltering services.
ASSUMPTIONS
1. Experience has shown that under local emergency conditions 50% or more of evacuees will
seek shelter with friends or relatives rather than to go to established shelters. Thus planning will
not be for the shelter and feeding of the entire affected community. The Red Cross and
Salvation Army will define the shelter requirements and how many shelter spaces to provide.
1. GENERAL
The local Red Cross officials are directly responsible for organizing shelter services in
cooperation with the Department of Job and Family Services, Salvation Army and the County
EMA.
Nationally, the Red Cross has been designated as the agency to operate shelter facilities during
disasters.
Shelter officials will coordinate with the EMA or EOC officials in order to provide protective
actions necessary to limit the exposure of sheltered residents from all hazards while in the
shelter.
Other non-profit or governmental agencies in the county including the County Department of
Job and Family Services, the Mental Health, the Salvation Army, and others, may assist in
shelter operations.
2. NOTIFICATION and WARNING OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC
When people are advised to evacuate as described in Warning and Notification, Annex C, the
location of shelters will be given at the same time if known. Additional notifications of shelter
locations may have to be given and the following will be used:
1) Emergency Public Information (EPI) information broadcasts over local radio / cable TV
2) Coshocton County Emergency Telephone Calling System (formerly Code Red / Reverse 911)
Annex F - Sheltering and Mass Care 2007
-1-
3) Door-to-door notification by emergency services personnel
4) Neighborhood announcements from emergency vehicles with public address systems
3. REGISTRATION AT SHELTERS
Registration is required for all people utilizing a shelter. The purpose of registration is:
1)
2)
3)
4)
To determine any special needs
Provide shelter security
To be able to respond to a request for the location of displaced persons
To determine if they were exposed to a contaminate and were decontaminated
4. DESIGNATION OF SHELTERS
The Coshocton Chapter of Red Cross will select and specify shelter(s) based upon:
○
○
○
Signed agreements that the Red Cross has on file
Safe distance away from emergency incident
Number of persons requiring shelters
5. MASS FEEDING
The American Red Cross is primarily responsible for mass feeding operations. ARC regulations
and procedures entitled Emergency Services - Mass Feeding will describe mass feeding
operations. Feeding facilities will be identified and established. When the shelter is one of the
public schools, feeding may use the school cafeteria.
6. RADIOLOGICAL and CHEMICAL MONITORING
If the emergency is related to a radiological or chemical event, monitoring at the shelter may be
needed. Instruments for this purpose are stored at the City Fire Station / HazMat Team, and the
County EMA, and may be requested by the shelter manager if needed.
Where there is a suspected contamination of a shelter and the City Fire or EMA can’t get there
or they don’t have the correct agent specific instrument, the shelter should be evacuated.
If a shelter is evacuated due to radiological or chemical, each person should be decontaminated
before entering another shelter. If this decontamination is required, the County HazMat Team at
the City Fire station should be contacted.
IV. ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES
Assignment of Responsibilities:
A. Coshocton Chapter American Red Cross
○
○
○
○
○
Ensure trained shelter managers are available
Appoint Shelter Manager(s)
Review supplies procedures for shelters
Activate and de-activate shelters as needed
Arrange for communications capability, utilizing ARES where / when available
-2-
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Coordinate with applicable agencies / departments to provide support services
such as counseling, health and medical attention, and supplies and resources
Designate support staff as needed
Develop/review plans for Shelter and Mass Care
Reviews shelter listings annually
Establish public information and education programs
Develop a policy and capability for pet care
Arrange for public / private sector organizations to staff shelters
Activate / staff/stock shelters
Provide shelter signage
Coordinate shelter use
Manage reception and care teams
Provide for mass feeding
Provide mobile canteen services
Work with County EMA in the development of public education / information
groups regarding sheltering and mass care
Provide first aid / nursing services for shelters
Arrange for recording shelter expenses
B. Salvation Army
○
○
○
○
Assist the ARC in providing management staff to operate shelter/s
Coordinate with Red Cross to provide mobile canteen services for disaster victims /
emergency workers
Provide emergency clothing to victims
Provide disaster counseling to victims
C. Department of Job and Family Services
○
○
○
○
Assist the ARC in the provision of staff to operate and manage shelters
Administer the food stamp program for qualified applicants
Provide emergency assistance to qualified applicants
Administer Aid for Dependent Children (ADC) program for qualified Applicants
D. Coshocton County Emergency Management Agency
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Monitor conditions and notify the Red Cross of a possible requirement for sheltering
Notify the Red Cross when shelters will be required
Provide Red Cross with a potential number of people
Insure communications has been established between the Red Cross and the EMA or
EOC
Monitor conditions to determine when the affected area is safe to re-enter
Notify the Red Cross of when the areas will be suitable to re-enter
Notify the Red Cross if the area is damaged to where longer range sheltering may be
required
Insure radiological and chemical monitors are available as needed
Assist the Red Cross in providing information and education program regarding the
shelter and mass care.
E. Health and Medical Organizations
-3-
○
○
○
○
○
Provide medical attention for shelter locations for ill / injured shelterees
Distribute exposure-inhibited drugs, vaccines, and other preventatives as necessary
Provide Emergency Medical Services Units for emergency transport to hospitals and
other medical facilities
Provide hospital services for the critically ill / injured
Provide health related information on health / medical related issues
F. Local Law Enforcement Officials
○
○
○
○
Provide security and law enforcement for shelters
Provide traffic control during movement to shelters
Provide alternate communications for shelters through their mobile units
Assist private suppliers in delivering shelter supplies
G. Local Fire Officials
○
○
Survey shelter sites for fire safety
Advise about fire security during operations
H. Animal Shelter
○
○
○
Determine the size of pet sheltering required
Small evacuation - call veterinarians facilities for shelter
Large evacuation - use facilities at the county fair grounds
Organize volunteers to handle pets
Make arrangements for pet feed and feeding
1) The Emergency Management Agency Director is responsible for coordinating shelter plan
development with the local Red Cross Chapter
2) The Red Cross Organization is responsible for coordinating their sheltering activities with the
Emergency Management Agency
3) The Red Cross Organization will determine the extent of assistance needed from other
governmental and non-profit organizations with respect to the shelter functions
4) The local ARC chapter is responsible for maintaining direction and control of assigned
shelter and mass care activities in their jurisdiction throughout the duration of an emergency
5) Organizations supporting the shelter and mass care function will maintain direction and
control for their organizational operations for the duration of an emergency
VI. CONTINUITY OF OPERATION
The line of succession for the Shelter and Mass Care Coordinator is:
1. Executive Director, American Red Cross (or their designee)
2. Salvation Army Disaster Chairman (or their designee)
3. Job and Family Services Director (or their designee)
1) Any training necessary for proper shelter management will be arranged by the Emergency
Management Director and (or) the Executive Director of the Red Cross Chapter
-4-
2) Shelter Managers are responsible for developing their shelters according to American Red
Cross sheltering SOP’s
3) Shelter Managers are responsible for completing the required documents
4) The Shelter Managers will maintain information on the food supplies, water, sanitary
facilities, clothing, bedding, and related shelter supplies
The Emergency Management Agency Director is responsible for insuring this annex is reviewed
annually by the local Red Cross.
The EMA Director will coordinate, publish, and distribute this Annex and will make copies
available to the appropriate organizations.
All involved agencies (Red Cross, Salvation Army, Job and Family Services) are responsible for
developing, implementing, and maintaining departmental SOPs, mutual aid agreements,
personnel rosters, including 24-7 hour emergency notification telephone numbers, and resource
inventories.
Department of Job and Family Services
Public Law 91-606 Disaster Relief Act of 1970.
Public Law 93-288, the Robert T. Stafford Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988, as
amended.
American Red Cross
Statement of Understanding between the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the
American National Red Cross January 22, 1982
Statement of Understanding between the State of Ohio and the American Red Cross, March
1983.
Salvation Army
Statement of Understanding between the Salvation Army and the American National Red Cross,
October 18, 1984.
X. ADDENDUM
Tab 1
Tab 2
Tab 3
Tab 4
Shelter Stocking
Shelter and Feeding Locations
Shelter Requirements in Response to Terrorist or Nuclear Threat
Special Needs Registry
-5-
XI. AUTHENTICATION
__________________________________________
Craig Patterson, Executive Director
Coshocton County American Red Cross
_______________________
Dated:
__________________________________________
_______________________
Dated:
-6-
Tab 1 SHELTER STOCKING
Shelter stocking conditions will vary depending on the prevailing situation. Those conditions
include:
1. Increased Readiness Stocking - During a period of international tension or increased
readiness, or in the beginning of an evacuation as directed by the President, crisis stocking of
fallout shelters from commercial or other sources will begin.
2. Expedient Stocking - This is the type of situation caused by an attack with little or no warning
and the Community Shelter Plan would have to be implemented as there would be no time to
evacuate. In such a case, every effort will be made to complete shelter stocking under
increased readiness. In addition, general public will be instructed to bring supplies from home.
3. Peacetime Stocking - Stocking of fallout shelters under these conditions is not expected to be
funded by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), largely because of the lack of
obvious threat, cost of supplies, and short shelf life of most food items that require periodic
replacement.
PLANNING FOR SHELTER STOCKING DURING HABITATION
Moving the general public to shelters will require advance planning for stocking. Such planning
fits into two basic categories:
SPECIAL PLANNING during the crisis buildup period, the Emergency Manager, under the
authority of the County Commissioners will obtain and stock the Emergency Operations Center
(EOC) with many special items needed by the EOC staff and for special purposes. These
include:
1. Radiological instruments beyond those already on hand that are designated for monitoring
reporting stations and shelters
2. Mobile and other types of transceivers for shelter radio communications
3. Durable plastic bags and containers; e.g., buckets, 5 to 10 gallon cans and barrels, to store
water and ensure sanitary storage and disposal of human waste and trash
4. Flashlights and extra batteries
5. Fire extinguishers
6. Decontamination equipment
Many of these items can be pre-positioned in designated shelters to make the shelter more
livable.
LIFE SUPPORT PLANNNG - Shelter stocking from local sources will include the following life
support needs.
1. Water
2. Food
3. Sanitation equipment and supplies
4. Medical supplies
5. Sleeping and entertainment supplies
-7-
Considerations regarding life support planning are:
A. Water - Survival without food is possible for two weeks if sufficient water is available. The
minimum amount of water required during shelter habitation is three and one-half gallons for
each identified shelter space. Long-term storage presents many problems; therefore, the
Emergency Manager and the Shelter Manager will requisition the following items on a priority
basis, in stocking during and emergency buildup:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Durable plastic bags of various sizes to use as a liner to hold water in buckets
30-gallon containers (trash / garbage cans), barrels, etc.
Garden hoses for filling water containers
Hand trucks or dollies to transport the containers
Chlorinating supplies are recommended for disinfecting either a small or large volume of
water.
1. Household bleaches can be used effectively and are available in most locations.
2. Normally, clear water can be disinfected by addition of 1/2 teaspoon household bleach
to five gallons or one quart to 1500 gallons. The dosage would be doubled for cloudy
water. Water purification tablets may also be used and are in pharmacies and sporting
goods stores.
B. Food -The Shelter Manager, in selecting food from local sources, should consider if cooking
facilities would be available. Canned goods, crackers, whole grain cereals, and juices should
be considered first since transport, store, and prepare. Frozen foods and dairy products are
highly perishable and require refrigeration.
C. Avoid foods that are high in protein and fat. Such food can result in kidney irritation or
constipation unless large amounts of water are consumed or at least eight (8) glasses per
person per day.
D. Alcoholic beverages should be requisitioned or not allowed in the shelter.
E. Sanitation - Clean restroom facilities are needed for the health and well being of shelter
occupants. Regular restroom facilities, for example, cannot be used if water is not available.
Maintaining adequate sanitation standards will be a major problem if normal water supplies are
not available.
1. An alternative facility and method of disposal of waste must be devised. This can be
accomplished with drums or garbage cans fitted with plastic liners, which can then be sealed
and stored for disposal after the shelter stay.
2. Other sanitation items available in most locations include household disinfectants and other
chemicals used in boats and recreation and vehicle holding tanks, like air freshener sprays or
bottled wicks, Pine Sol and Mr. Clean products, brooms, spray cleaners, packaged towels, and
toilet tissue. Mops and buckets if adequate water supply is available. Those using them must
bring rubbing alcohol and other similar products, baby diapers, sanitary napkins, cosmetics, and
other personal items to the shelter.
F. Medical supplies - Most sickness will be minor and can be cured with basic medications.
First-aid and an extra supply of bandages and antiseptics should be priority items, as well as
medicines to treat headaches, diarrhea, constipation, and some respiratory problems.
-8-
Chronically ill or elderly people shall be advised to bring their own medicines.
Medical personnel assigned to the shelters and the Emergency Medical Service liaison at the
EOC will advise the shelter officer about requisitioning additional supplies of a more specific
nature. Under no circumstances should narcotics be requisitioned for shelter use, nor should
they be allowed to be brought to or used in the shelter.
G. Miscellaneous items are numerous items that fall into this category. Examples are bedding,
sleeping bags, cots, eating utensils, extra clothing for cleanliness and warmth, games, reading
material, musical instruments, transistor radios and extra batteries. Hand tools are helpful for
minor repairs or for the construction of special items. Shelterees will be instructed to bring
these and other items through public announcements before and during movement to shelter.
-9-
Tab 2
SHELTERS and FEEDING LOCATIONS
The Coshocton County Red Cross Chapter maintains shelter and feeding location listings and
agreements in their office.
- 10 -
Tab 3
Shelter Requirements in Response to Terrorist or Nuclear Threat
POPULATIONS TO BE PROTECTED.
Coshocton County has a population of 36,682 according to the 2000 census.
Jurisdiction Population
City of Coshocton
Conesville Village
Nellie Village
Plainfield Village
Warsaw Village
West Lafayette Village
11,682
364
134
158
781
2,313
Townships include City / Villages
Adams Township
755
Bedford Township
601
Bethlehem Township
1,191
Clark Township
594
Crawford Township
1,594
Franklin Township
1,286
Jackson Township
2,045
Jefferson Township
1,549
Keene Township
1,689
Lafayette Township
1,972
Linton Township
632
Mill Creek Township
747
Monroe Township
452
New Castle Township
441
Oxford Township
1,560
Perry Township
513
Pike Township
550
Tiverton Township
348
Tuscarawas Township
1,798
Virginia Township
636
Washington Township
629
White Eyes Township
1,078
The purpose of this attachment is to plan for our population to be protected. Coshocton County
has been a host county for nuclear threat, however, with terrorism threat the county could be at
risk. We may receive an unknown number of relocatees from other counties.
Implementation of evacuation and sheltering plans and final preparation will be supported by the
“SURGE Program”. The objective of the SURGE Program is to rapidly improve capabilities for
survival and recovery from nuclear attack over an indeterminate period of threat (but generally
less than six months). Guidance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
and financial assistance may be available during a Surge period to assist in refining the plans,
and preparing shelters and EOCs.
Increased readiness actions will be carried out so that Coshocton County officials can be
prepared to implement either of two shelter modes:
- 11 -
a. Shelter-in-place (CSP): In this posture, only the residents of Coshocton County and number
of transients would require sheltering. In-place actions are generally based on short warning
time.
b. Relocated (CRT): As defined, “this is the mode designated to move people from perceived
‘risk’ areas.” Relocation actions will not be directed until determined prudent or necessary
because of a deteriorated world political situation.
In accordance with the Ohio Emergency Operations Plan, Ohio EMA uses Crisis Action
Systems Levels (CAS) to identify specific actions to be taken during the response phase to
nuclear attack. All actions listed here are contingent upon orders from the Governor and the
President.
OPERATIONS LEVEL
CAS #1 Watch (a state of tension requiring continuous monitoring of possible attack crisis)
a) Coordinate with Ohio EMA for activation of SURGE.
b) Coordinate with local organizations for crisis training of shelter monitors and possible
activation of fallout shelters.
c) Coordinate with ARC and other local organizations for possible shelter staffing and
support.
CAS #2 Warning (increases in tensions requiring high degree of nuclear attack readiness)
a) Initiate fallout shelter stocking
b) Initiate fallout shelter marking.
c) Recruit Shelter Managers
d) Accelerate Shelter Manager training
e) Assign Shelter Manager as training is completed
f) Make preparations for shelter upgrading
g) Initiate shelter upgrading program on arrival of relocatees if necessary
CAS #3 Attack (has occurred)
a) Move the resident population (and relocatees if CPR mode) into shelter.
b) Conduct expedient shelter stocking for shelters not previously stocked until
completion or arrival of fallout.
c) Move emergency workers into shelter when fallout arrives.
d) Maintain in-place shelter posture until officially terminated by State or Federal officials or
until lowered radiation levels as determined by local monitoring would indicate that it is
safe to emerge.
CAS #4 - (has occurred)
a) Make shelter emergency decisions based on radiation levels
b) General clean up of shelter facilities
c) Release of relocatees to return to home area
d) Return of remaining shelter stocks and supplies to designated receiving points
PROTECTIVE SHELTERING POLICY
- 12 -
1. To the extent possible, protective sheltering in public shelter for the residents of Coshocton
County will be in facilities with protection of Category 2 or better. Where it has been necessary
to allocate residents to Category 1 shelter, a shelter upgrading program will be attempted, time
permitting. Shelter allocation will remain the same regardless of whether the in-place (CSP)
mode or relocated (CRT) mode has been implemented.
2. Movement to shelter will begin immediately upon an announcement to the public or either:
a) Receipt of an attack warning through the established warning network, or
b) Confirmation that nuclear detonations have occurred.
3. Residents who will use their home basements for shelter should use the time between the
initial warning and the arrival of fallout to improve their basement protective capability.
Residents who will use public shelter should move to the shelter and use the intervening time to
improve the shelter protective capability, as possible. Local radiological monitoring will be
conducted by monitoring personnel who will advise the EOC of the arrival of the fallout. The
EMA Director will warn the residents of fallout arrival by the most expeditious means and direct
residents to take shelter.
4. Once residents and relocatees have taken shelter, subsequent movement to other shelters
should not be attempted, except for a situation that would make shelter totally untenable or
result in a condition that would constitute or result in a greater hazard to the shelterees than
would movement to another shelter. The decision of both the need and the advisability to move
would jointly rest with the Shelter Manager. Except for extreme emergency, a decision to move
would have to be coordinated with the American Red Cross and the Radiological Coordinator in
the EOC.
5. This attachment for Coshocton County provides for the allocation of population (resident and
relocatee) to shelter without regard to race, sex, color or national origin.
Children in school should be picked up by the parents for sheltering as a family unit, if time and
circumstances permit. Children not picked up will be moved to the closest public shelter.
SHELTER RESOURCES
An updated survey to identify protective shelter facilities was accomplished in the county in
1985. A completed list of all existing and up-gradable shelter facilities is maintained by the
Coshocton County EMA office Director.
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTER
The Emergency Operations Center is located at Coshocton County Services Building, 724
South Seventh Street, Lower Level Room B-100, in Coshocton. When the primary EOC
becomes untenable, an alternate EOC will be named.
SHELTER CRITERIA
- 13 -
I. Protection Factor: Although the availability of shelter space dictates the use of Category 1 (PF
20-39) shelter spaces, these spaces should be upgraded to the extent possible in the time
frame available between attack and fallout arrival.
2. Shelter Size: To make maximum use of available Category 2+ shelter space for the resident
and relocated populations, there is no minimum requirement established for shelter size in
Coshocton County.
SHELTER OPERATIONS
Residents: In the event of a shelter situation developing in Coshocton County, residents should
take one of the following actions:
1. Those who have home basements with minimal wall exposure — these areas may provide
PF 20 or better protection — should plan on sheltering in their basement, improving their shelter
capability through upgrading as time and available material will permit.
2. Those not having home basements should seek shelter with neighbors, friends, or relatives
who have sufficient space in such a basement that is referred to in (1) above.
3. Those not having access to any home basements providing a protection factor of PF 20 or
better should travel to public shelter in the location designated for them.
4. A last resort action would be to construct expedient shelter following instructions contained in
emergency information packets that will be provided to and published by the local newspaper
and in pamphlets available from the EMA Director.
SPECIAL USE FACILITIES
Certain facilities within the county have been designated for special use purposes. Special use
purposes are defined as: health and medical; local government; law enforcement; fire and such
special purpose needs as determined by local government on an individual basis.
TRAVEL CONSIDERATIONS
There are not enough homes with home basement spaces to provide shelter protection for the
entire population of the county. Consequently, a number of both urban and rural residents will
have to shelter in public shelters. An allocation of existing “best spaces available” has been
made to insure sufficient public shelter spaces for the residents and relocated population who
will need to travel to areas where public shelter is available.
1. Travel Time: Coshocton County’s distance from various projected strike areas, which will
produce fallout in the county, introduces a considerable variance in time projections for the
arrival of fallout after actual strikes have occurred. Variables in weapons size or wind conditions
could greatly affect arrival time. Fallout arrival will be determined by radiological detection
procedures.
2. Travel Mode: In urban areas, travel could be on foot. Provisions will be made for movement
of the aged and infirmed. Rural residents must drive to shelter facility area.
- 14 -
ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The Shelter and Mass Care Organization in Coshocton County will be supported by the local
EMA Director, Job and Family Services Director, Red Cross and various volunteer
organizations. The EMA Director will provide overall coordination. During nuclear attack
emergencies, the Red Cross relies on local government for the provision of Fallout Shelter
Managers, monitors, decontamination procedures, and the quarantine of contaminated
individuals.
ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES
EMA Director
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Maintain current fallout shelter listing
Coordinate overall shelter operations
Identify organizations responsible for crisis upgrading of shelters
Coordinate with local health department, hospital, nursing homes, and related
organizations to designate appropriate shelters for special needs populations
Coordinate with Ohio EMA during “SURGE” to provide shelter monitoring teams to
designate nuclear attack shelters
Assign manager of Fallout Shelter Teams who will coordinate with ARC Shelter
Managers for fallout detection, prevention, and decontamination procedures as needed
Coordinate with local law enforcement organizations for support of reception, care, and
shelter operations
Advise the commissioners on who the shelter managers are
SHELTER AND MASS CARE COORDINATORS
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Maintain current shelter listings
Manage overall shelter operations from EOC
Designate and assign trained managers and staff for all public shelters
Coordinate shelter upgrading program with Public Works Coordinator
Implement and coordinate the shelter stocking and marking programs
AMERICAN RED CROSS
a) Manage shelters and reception centers
b) Provide registration, staffing, mass feeding, lodging, crisis shelter marking evacuee
assignments, and support in accordance with ARC disaster service regulations and
procedures
c) Coordinate with local shelter monitoring teams to assure shelter safety
d) Maintain records and advise the public about the status of injured or missing persons.
DIRECTOR OF EMERGENCY SERVICES (American Red Cross)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Recruit potential Fallout Shelter Managers
Institute an accelerated Fallout Shelter Manager Training Program
Provide for stocking of food in public and relocatee fallout shelters
Assist the Radiological Protection Coordinator in distribution of radiological equipment
Ensure potable water is provided for each facility and monitor distribution of radiological
equipment
f) Coordinate residents (public shelter and relocatee assignments to fallout shelters)
g) Conduct shelter marking program
- 15 -
h) Monitor the upgrading program and recommended priorities
i) The Radiological Protection Officer (RDO) will provide crisis training to Radiological
Monitors so that all designated public fallout shelters are covered
j) ACTIONS THAT MUST BE TAKEN IN OTHER FUNCTIONAL AREAS ARE
CONTAINED IN OTHER ANNEXES TO THIS PLAN
RECORD KEEPING
Accurate records will be maintained covering the acquisition and use of food items and all other
materials used in supporting the fallout shelter operations. These records will be the primary
source of information to substantiate reimbursement to local retailers and for cost sharing made
to State and Federal Government.
Records relating to shelter RADEF (Radiological Defense) protection, decontamination,
exposure limits, and readings will be maintained by local shelter monitors, and local RDOs.
An on-going inventory of supplies needed for a protective shelter period will be maintained to
assure equitable distribution of supplies and to support any re-supply action from outside
sources. Federal planning includes a re-supply action during an increased tension period from
wholesale sources normally supplying businesses in Coshocton County. Federal distribution of
commodity stockpiles will not occur until a Post Attack Period.
- 16 -
Tab 4
Special Needs Registry
I. PURPOSE OF THE SPECIAL NEEDS REGISTERY
To assure the safety and health of residents at all times and in an emergency, the EMA has
developed a data base to store information for residents who will need assistance to relocate
during an evacuation. The data base will be used to identify special needs individuas who
reside in the threatened area and what equipment and skills will be needed to move the
residents to a safe temporary location.
II. DEFINITION OF SPECIAL NEEDS REGISTERY
a. Identify residents in Coshocton County who would need assistance if their place of residence
was part of an emergency evacuation. Individual on their own or via their health provider
(doctor, family member) register with the Coshocton County EMA as a Special Needs person.
b. Emergency evacuation implies that there is a condition (requiring immediate action) that
would make it unsafe for the person to remain in their place of residency.
c. Require assistance implies that the person would not be able to safely evacuate on their own
when they receive simple instructions in the form of public notification.
III. HOW DOES A RESIDENT REGISTER
a. Hard copy - Obtain a Special needs Registry form from the attending physician, care center
or from the EMA office.
b. Electronically - Open the EMA website (coshoctonema.com), click Register Special Needs
Persons button, complete and send the form.
IV. HOW IS THE REGISTRY INFORMATON USED
After each update of the data base, copies of the registry are made available to responders (fire
companies, sheriff's office, and the EMS.
The information in the data base is used when there is a need to evacuate a portion of the
county due to a hazardous material release or the threat of flooding. The incident commander
will declare the area at risk. The registry is organized by fire box locations and special needs
persons in the threatened fire boxes will be assisted to evacuate.
- 17 -
- 18 -
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this annex is to prepare for public health and medical emergency
services in Coshocton County. This Annex is directed to the effects of an infectious
disease outbreak, natural or introduced, affecting a large number of Coshocton County
residents
SITUATION – Each of the functions below can and do handle the daily work load,
however, under a major medical emergency each can quickly be over come and need
assistance. Each or the functions have mutual aid agreements with other similar
functions to call upon for this additional help.
1. Health Departments – Two agencies provide public health services in Coshocton
County:
○
Coshocton County General Health District
○
Coshocton City Health Department
2. Emergency Medical Services – The Coshocton County Emergency Medical
Service is a private organization providing service to the entire county. The
Coshocton County Emergency Medical Service has 9 ambulances and work out
of three stations, the City of Coshocton, the Village of West Lafayette, and the
Village of Warsaw. The service performs field triage and medical transportation.
A medical helicopter service is stationed in Coshocton County. Coshocton
County Memorial Hospital has a landing pad for helicopters.
3. Hospitals – Coshocton County has one hospital, the Coshocton County Memorial
Hospital. The Coshocton County Memorial Hospital is equipped to supply the
medical needs of the county on a daily basis but would quickly be over taxed in a
major medical emergency. The hospital has a disaster plan, “The Red Book”,
which identifies additional medical facilities they can call on for additional help.
4. Nursing Homes – There are seven (7) nursing homes facilities in Coshocton
County. Nursing homes are identified in the Emergency Reference Directory.
Any nursing home or other medical facility evacuating patients or residents must
provide medical records of the patients, professional staff if possible, and as
many supplies and resources as possible. Each facility has documented mutual
support agreements with other nursing homes.
5. Mental Health – Coshocton County mental health services are listed in the
Emergency Reference Directory.
6. Coroner – The Coshocton County Coroner and the two assistants are practicing
physicians as well as serving in the coroner position. The Coshocton County
Morgue is located at the Coshocton County Memorial Hospital. The duties and
Annex G – Health and Medical 2007
-1-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
responsibilities of the Coroner are the same as seen in Annex H “Mass Fatalities
and Mass Casualties”.
ASSUMPTION - This annex is designed to address large scale disasters / emergencies
that would have a significant impact on the health of the citizens of the county. Although
health problems are associated with all disasters, there is an adequate local capability
to meet the demands in most situations.. In the event of an incident affecting a large
number of people, additional resources from the region, State and (or) Federal public
health services.
III. CONCEPT OF OPERATION
The Coshocton County Health District and the Coshocton City Health Department
operate under separate Boards of Health. The boards appoint their own Health
Commissioner. The Health Commissioners are the persons responsible for assessing
the hazard related to any existing or anticipated public health issues and the health
impact of an accident or incident. The Health Commissioners work closely with many
other agencies such as:
○ County emergency response organizations
○ County medical groups and associations
○ All county level departments/agencies
○ Government executive groups (Commissioners, Mayors, Trustees)
○ Coshocton County Chapter of the American Red Cross
○ Salvation Army
○ Mental Health organizations
○ Hospitals
○ Emergency Medical Service (EMS)
○ Emergency Management Agency (EMA)
○ Coroner
○ State or Federal Health Departments and agencies
In preparation for and responding to a biological threat or event, the Health
Departments have the capability to accomplish the following:
1. Hazard analysis - The local health departments will participate in risk
management planning efforts and take the lead in biological and infectious
disease risk management.
2. Health Surveillance - The local health departments have a comprehensive
epidemiological response plan in place.
3. Emergency Response Planning - The local health departments have planned
emergency activities in advance to ensure a coordinated response to the
consequences of credible events.
4. Consequence Management - The local health departments are ready to
implement their planned response quickly and efficiently to facilitate the recovery
from the incident.
There are 10 essential functions distributed through three separate phases that public
health organizations must be able to perform to handle threats involving biological
-2-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
agents. This covers terrorist use of biological agents, and communicable diseases, such
as flu.
PHASE I PREPAREDNESS
1. Policy and Plan Development
It is necessary to develop practical, realistic, and effective emergency response plans,
policies, and procedures for responding to an event involving biological agents. These
plans, policies, and procedures must address:
○ Reducing the risk to responders
○ Proper protective equipment
○ Preparation for administrating medications and vaccines to large numbers of
people
○ Procedures for mass evacuations, legal authority and procedure
○ Procedure for mass quarantine and isolation, legal authority and procedure
○ Enforcement
2. Work Force Preparation
○ Maintain a registry of qualified and willing people for response
○ Maintain a training program to insure a qualified workforce
o Early identification of agent
o Administering medications properly
o Administering Vaccines properly
o Documentation requirements
○
How to work under and where each meshes within the Incident Command
System
3. Surveillance
Provide epidemiological surveillance, case investigations, and appropriate follow up
services. Some key sources of information would be:
o
o
o
o
Coshocton County Memorial Hospital Emergency Room
Local physicians
Local infectious control doctors
Local veterinarians
PHASE II ACTIVE INVESTIGATION
4. Diagnosis and Investigation
This function includes rapid diagnosis of infectious disease and epidemiological
investigation to determine the distribution of cases and the source(s) of the disease
outbreak. Any investigation by public health must be coordinated with any criminal
investigation conducted by law enforcement.
-3-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
The following protocols must be followed:
o Diagnosis at a qualified local, State, academic laboratories
o Obtain veterinary diagnosis as applicable
o Validation of potential biological agents by qualified field laboratories (CDC or
U.S. Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases)
o Rapid notification of key people like
o County Commissioners
o City or Village Mayor
o Emergency Medical Service
o Emergency Management Director
o Sheriff and (or) Village Police
o Regional Epidemiologist
o State laboratory Director
The Regional Epidemiologist will keep track of distribution of cases, persons affected,
place and time of any incident. The epidemiologist will identify the population at risk, the
source and mode of transmission, the epidemiologist evaluates the prospects for a
delayed exposure and secondary transmission and the need for prophylaxis and any
recommendations for containment, prevention, and treatment.
PHASE III EMERGENCY RESPONSE
5. Information and Education
Rapid, accurate, and effective communication about specific health issues related to a
biological threat or event must be provided to the public in a form that they understand.
Public education about the potential threat(s) must begin before an incident has
reached epidemic levels and must provide:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Effects of the biological agent
How the biological agent transmits itself from one to another person
Precautions to be taken to reduce the possibility of contacting the diseases
What medications are effective
Is there a vaccine for this agent
Services that are open
Where the services are located
What restrictions on the service are in force
How to make an appointment
If needed, provide information about transportation.
6. Coordination and Communications
How the Local Health and local Emergency Management personnel will communicate
with the State and Federal resources to coordinate the needs in Coshocton County.
-4-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
7. Enforcement
How the laws and regulations that protect health and insure public safety will be
enforced
○ Who will enforce the rules and regulations?
○ What laws and regulations are applicable and who has the authority to enforce
○ What are the consequences to a person for not abiding by the rules and
regulations?
8. Evaluation
Conduct evaluations on all phases of the response and document including:
o Response of public to information provided
o Effectiveness of any recommendations
9. Research
Participate in research into health problems resulting from exposure to a biological
agent. Cooperate with institutions that are conducting research into the causes and
effects of exposure to a biological agent, if only to provide information on exposures in
Coshocton County.
Public Health Departments
1. Evaluates the potential health risks associated with the hazard and recommend
appropriate correctional measures.
2. Inspects purity and usability and quality control of vital food stuffs, water, drugs,
and other consumables.
3. Coordinates with the water, public works or sanitation departments, as
appropriate, to ensure the availability of potable water and an effective sewage
system, and sanitary removal and disposal of solid waste and other debris.
4. Establishes preventive health service, including the control of communicable
diseases.
5. Provides epidemiological surveillance, case investigation, and appropriate followup services.
6. Monitors food handling, mass feeding and sanitation service in emergency
facilities, including increased attention to sanitation in commercial feeding facilities.
7. Assures adequate sanitary facilities are provided in emergency shelters through
inspection and consultation.
-5-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
8. Assists in providing medical aid at shelters.
9. Checks sanitary conditions at the assembly places.
10. Establishes a telephone hotline and staffing.
11. Maintains maps, developing emergency public health information literature, prescripted news releases and pre-event media release packages.
12. Establishes telephone bridge line and conducts teleconferences with relevant
public health partners and other stakeholders.
13. Develops standard operating guides (SOG) and emergency operation protocols
to implement various portions of this plan.
14. Maintains vital records and vital statistics.
15. Provides for the vaccination of individuals utilizing mass vaccination clinics and
other means. Provide for mass distribution of prophylactic
16. Report to a hospital emergency operations center if requested by the hospital or
deemed necessary as part of a response plan.
1. Ensure that responding emergency medical teams coordinate with the Incident
Commander
2. Establish contact with the activated EOC and appoint a coordinator as needed
3. Ensure that EMS personal protective procedures are followed
4. Ensure that all EMS personnel are properly trained in the individual protective
measures each must use
5. Provide for a supply of medical supplies that are needed
6. Have a prearranged procedure for re-supplying of medical supplies as they are
used
Coshocton County Memorial Hospital
1. Implement internal and (or) external disaster plan to treat for infectious disease
outbreaks.
2. Execute pre-planned procedures to prevent the hospital being over run by the
infectious disease
3. Establish contact with the activated EOC and appoint a coordinator as needed
4. Advise the appropriate health and medical representatives of conditions at the
hospital such as number and type of beds available.
5. Establish treatment centers away from the hospital to treat patients when the
hospital reaches capacity.
6. Provide public information notices identifying the off site treatment centers. Use
the PIO and EOC for distribution of the message(s)
-6-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
7. Stay in contact with other hospitals and medical treatment facilities to determine
where any overflow can be sent
Coshocton County Coroner
The duties of the coroner are defined in Annex F “Mass Casualty / Mass Fatality” and
are the same for this area of concern, other than there is not a single area with a
concentration of fatalities.
V. CONTINUITY OF OPERATIONS
Each agency identified in this Annex will have a “Continuity of Operations Plan”
(COOP). Each agency's COOP is agency specific and identifies their specific needs to
insure continuity of their requirements during emergency situations.
VI. ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS
1. During a medical emergency situation in Coshocton County, the local medical
agencies will utilize all the resources available to them and depending on the need,
obtain additional supplies as needed.
2. Each medical response facility has it own sources and plans for re-supplying their
needs and will utilize these first. If additional or specialized supplies are determined to
be needed, the SNS will be utilized.
3. Plans for requesting, receiving, and utilizing the resources of the SNS rest with the
Coshocton County General Health District. The health department has the procedure(s)
and has exercised them to meet the requirements of receiving SNS supplies. The Plans
and Procedures for requesting, receiving, and using the supplies through the SNS
program are continuing to change and are not included as part of this Annex.
4. If there is a need for facilities to house mass fatalities, the County Fair Buildings will
be used for a temporary morgue. Contact information for receiving permission to open
and use the buildings is found in Controlled and Sensitive Information Document.
VII. PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
See the Coshocton County Emergency Operations Plan, Section 2.7 for development
and maintenance of this annex.
VIII. AUTHORITIES and REFERENCES
See Section 2.9 of the Coshocton County Emergency Operations Plan for authorities.
IX. ADDENDUM
-7-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
Tab 1 Response Functions during the Acute Phase of a Biological Emergency
Tab 2 Quarantine CDC Executive Order 13295
Tab 3 Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) Service
-8-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
X. AUTHENTICATION
-9-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
Tab 1 Response Function during the Acute Phase of a Biological Emergency
Table of Contents
I.
Introduction
II. Preparedness
III. Response Functions and Tasks during the Acute Phase
1. Immediate Response: Hours 0 - 2
2. Intermediate Response: Hours 2 - 6
3. Intermediate Response: Hours 6 - 12
4. Extended Response:
Hours 12 - 24
IV. Ongoing Public Health Emergency Response Functions and Tasks
V. Forms and Tabs
-10-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
I. INTRODUCTION
This tab is intended to be used by local government, and public health professionals
who are responsible for initiating public health response activities during the first 24
hours (i.e., the acute phase) of an emergency or disaster. It should be maintained by,
and kept with, its primary user at all times. A small blank notebook or writing pad should
be kept with this guide at all times to record thoughts and ideas generated through the
use of the guide during the response to an incident. This guide is not intended to
replace existing emergency operations plans, procedures, or guidelines. It is consistent
with the doctrine, concepts, principles, terminology, and organizational processes in the
National Response Plan (NRP) and the National Incident Management System (NIMS).
The appendix begins with a brief section on public health emergency Preparedness.
The next section provides guidance and information on public health emergency
Response actions that should be initiated during the first 24 hours of an incident.
1. Immediate
2. Intermediate
3. Intermediate
4. Extended
Hours 0 - 2
Hours 2 - 6
Hours 6 - 12
Hours 12 - 24
-11-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
II. PREPAREDNESS
To effectively respond to an emergency or disaster, health departments must engage in
preparedness activities. Completion of the following activities prior to an incident is
essential to a successful response effort:
1. Establish close working relationships:
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Emergency Management Agencies (EMA)
Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Medical/health / behavioral care providers
Fire, law enforcement, and other federal, state, local, and tribal response
organizations
Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPC)
State, regional, and tribal public health response coordinators
Neighborhood health jurisdictions
Humanitarian / volunteer organizations
Private businesses
Academic institutions (schools of public health, medicine, nursing, etc.)
Other pertinent agencies/organizations
2. Participate in hazard and risk assessments for your county / region.
3. Conduct a capacity assessment defining the resources of the public health system
in your community and those available through mutual-aid agreements.
4. Acquire resources and surge capacity necessary to perform the basic missions
assigned to public health.
5. Develop plans, procedures, and guidelines that are consistent with those used by
other response agencies and organizations in your community.* Examples include:
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
All-hazards emergency operations plan
Incident-specific annexes
Volunteer coordination guidelines
Health department staff assignments
Communication plans
Individual/family care plans
Command and management systems and authorities
Continuity of operations plan (COOP)
6. Develop operational objectives for public health emergency response.
* Should be consistent with the doctrine, concepts, principles, terminology, and
organizational processes in the National Response Plan (NRP) and National Incident
Management System (NIMS).
-12-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
7. Develop basic systems for morbidity, mortality, syndromic, and mental / behavioral
surveillance, and registries for affected populations, with appropriate data archiving
systems.
8. Develop plans, procedures, and guidelines for public affairs and risk communication.
9. Ensure that public health personnel within your department are trained and certified
in safety and health practices, including the use of Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) for designated personnel. Consider on-scene credentialing.
10. Provide orientation and training to public health response personnel, including
volunteers, on the emergency operations plans, procedures, guidelines, command
and management systems and authorities, and incident management system used
by your community.
11. Participate in the planning, design, and conduct of exercises to evaluate public
health preparedness and response.
12. Participate in after-action reviews of exercises and actual incidents to identify areas
that require revision, enhancement, and / or training, and take appropriate follow up
action.
III. RESPONSE FUNCTIONS AND TASKS DURING THE ACUTE PHASE
This section provides guidance and information on response activities that should be
initiated during the first 24 hours (i.e., the acute phase) of most emergencies and
disasters. Specific functions and tasks are divided into three response timeframes:
Immediate, Intermediate, and Extended. The order in which these activities are
undertaken may vary according to the specific incident, particularly during a biological
incident or infectious disease outbreak. Because emergency response is a dynamic
process, these activities may be repeated at various stages of the response.
The city and county health department should function as part of a larger overall
emergency response effort. The health department response should always function
within the county incident command management system.
The following guidance and information should be used as a reference until existing
emergency operations plans, procedures, and guidelines are accessed. Each function
and task outlined in the following sections of the guide should be accomplished in
accordance with existing emergency operations plans, procedures, and
guidelines.
1. IMMEDIATE RESPONSE: Hours 0 - 2
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
a. Initiate the response by assessing the situation. Ask yourself the following questions
(and use a small blank notebook, writing pad, or other appropriate form(s) to record
thoughts:
o Should public health become involved in the response? If so, in what way(s)?
o What public health function(s) has been or may be adversely impacted?
o What geographical area(s) has been or may be adversely impacted? Does it fall
within your health department’s jurisdiction?
o How many people are threatened, affected, exposed, injured, or dead?
o What are the exposure pathways?
o Have medical and healthcare facilities been affected? If so, in what way(s)?
o Have public health operations been affected? If so, in what way(s)?
o Are escape routes open and accessible?
o How will current and forecasted weather conditions affect the situation?
o What other agencies and organizations are currently responding to the incident?
o What response actions have already been taken?
o Has information been communicated to responders and the public to protect
public health? If so, in what way(s) and by whom?
o Does your health department have existing mutual-aid agreements with other
agencies, organizations, or jurisdictions?
o Has an Incident Command Post (ICP) been established? If so, where is it?
o Who is the Incident Commander (IC)? How can the IC be contacted?
o Has the local or state Emergency Operations Center (EOC) been activated? If
so, where is it operating?
b. Contact personnel within your health department that have emergency response
roles and responsibilities. Examples include:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Administration / Leadership
Emergency Response Coordinators
Environmental Health Sanitarians
Epidemiologists
Medical Officers / Nurses
Public Information Officer (PlO)
Coroner
Technical, logistical, and other support personnel
c. Coordinate with other healthcare providers as necessary. Record all contacts,
including unsuccessful attempts, and follow-up actions.
d. Develop initial objectives that are specific, measurable, and achievable. Establish an
action plan based on your assessment of the situation. Assign responsibilities and
record all actions.
e. A health representative should be assigned to establish communications and
maintain close coordination with the local or state EOC, if operational. The health
-14-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
representative(s) may or may not be physically located in the EOC depending on the
specific incident and established emergency procedures, and guidelines.
f. Ensure that the site safety and health plan is established, reviewed, and followed by
coordinating with the safety officer to identify hazards or unsafe conditions
associated with the incident and immediately alert and inform appropriate
supervisors and leadership personnel. This can be achieved through site safety
briefings and at shift changes. Health responder safety reports, updates, and
briefings should be initiated at this stage of the response. Ensure that medical
personnel are available to evaluate and treat response personnel.
g. Establish communications with other health and medical agencies, facilities, and
organizations that have emergency response roles and responsibilities, and verify
their treatment and support capacities (e.g., patient isolation and/or
decontamination, etc.) Examples include:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Hospitals and clinics
Laboratories
Nursing homes / assisted living facilities
Home health care agencies
Psychiatric / mental / behavioral health and social services providers
State and county medical societies
Liaisons (to special populations, etc.
Other health and medical entities, as appropriate
h. Record all contacts, including unsuccessful attempts, and any follow-up actions.
See Form 1 at the back of the guide to document the contacts you make and any
follow-up actions during the incident..
i.
Assign and deploy resources and assets to achieve established initial health
response objectives. Many objectives may not be achieved immediately during the
response. Effective allocation and monitoring of health resources and assets will be
required to sustain 24-hour response operations.
REMINDER - See the form at the back of the guide to document public health
leadership assignments during the response to the incident.
j.
As part of the community response effort, ensure that health-related requests for
assistance and information from other agencies, organizations, and the public are
either directed to appropriate personnel within your health department or forwarded
to appropriate agencies and organizations.
k.
Initiate risk communication activities by determining whether a Joint Information
Center (JIC) and the local or state Emergency Operations Center (EOC) are
operational. If so, ensure that a health representative from the department has been
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
assigned as part of a Joint Information Center (JIC) to establish communications and
maintain close coordination with the JIC.
l.
Ensure that contact has been established with appropriate personnel within your
health department and initiate risk communication activities. Remember to
communicate public health messages in the appropriate language to persons with
limited English proficiency. A public health information “hotline” can be established to
address requests for information from the public.
m. Engage legal counsel as part of the emergency response effort by staying apprised
of legal issues as they emerge and consult with appropriate personnel within your
health department and jurisdiction.
n. Document all response activities using the form(s) within your health department.
Forms 1 at the back of the guide can also assist with the documentation of initial
response activities.
2. INTERMEDIATE RESPONSE: Hours 2 - 6
a. As part of the community response effort, continue to perform the following activities:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Assess the situation
Review and update health response objectives
Review, update, and follow the site safety and health plan
Communicate with key health and medical agencies/organizations and
neighboring jurisdictions
Address requests for assistance and information
Continue risk communication activities
Stay apprised of legal issues
Document all response activities
b. Initiate the following activities:
o Verify that health surveillance systems are operational. Health surveillance
systems should be fully operational to begin the process of data collection and
analysis. Consider human subjects and privacy issues related to data collection,
analysis, and storage.
o Ensure that laboratories likely to be used during the response are operational
and verify their analytical capacity. Laboratories likely to be used during the
response should be fully operational to begin the process of specimen collection
and analysis. Notify laboratories of any changes in activity during the response.
Provide laboratories with lead time to prepare for sample testing and analysis.
o Ensure that the needs of special populations are being addressed through the
provision of appropriate information and assistance. Examples of special
-16-
HEALTH AND MEDICAL
populations include:
○ Children
○ Dialysis patients
○ Disabled persons
○ Homebound patients
○ Patients dependent on home health care services
○ Institutionalized persons
○ Persons with limited English proficiency
○ Elderly
○ Transient populations (tourists, migrant workers, homeless, etc.)
o Communicate frequently with the public regarding whether or not health-related
volunteers and donations are needed. Volunteer agencies (e.g., the Red Cross)
have their own needs that may differ from those of your health department.
Volunteer medical personnel must be properly credentialed and insured.
o Ensure that risk communication messages are updated and coordinated with
other responding agencies and organizations as necessary. If a Joint Information
Center (JIC) is operational, update and release messages through the JIC.
Ensure that messages on public health information “hotlines” are updated as
necessary.
3. INTERMEDIATE RESPONSE: Hours 6 - 12
REMINDER - As part of the community response effort, continue to perform the
following activities:
○ Assess the situation
○ Review and update health response objectives
○ Communicate with key health and medical agencies / organizations and
○ Address requests for assistance and information
○ Continue risk communication activities
○ Stay apprised of legal issues
○ Communicate with health surveillance and laboratory contacts
○ Address the needs of special populations
○ Organize health-related volunteers and donations
○ Document all response activities
a. Prepare for the arrival of State and Federal on-site assistance and for the integration
of these personnel into the locally established response structure. Examples of such
integration include:
o Collect and analyze data that are becoming available through health surveillance
and laboratory systems
o Begin collecting and analyzing data that are becoming available through
established health surveillance systems and laboratories, and evaluate any real-
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
time sampling data. Communicate results to appropriate personnel in a timely
manner through established operations plans, procedures, or guidelines.
o Prepare and update information for shift change and executive briefings
o Initiate staffing plan and update contact information and rosters to be used by
incoming personnel. Apprise incoming personnel of response actions being
taken, pending decisions and issues, deployment of resources and assets,
updated health response objectives, and current media activities.
o Prepare for State and Federal on-site assistance
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Technical experts and Emergency Response Coordinators (ERCs),
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary’s
Emergency Response Teams (SERTs)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) personnel
Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) personnel
Environmental Response Teams (ERTs) a Federal Radiological Monitoring
and Assessment Center (FRMAC) personnel a National Disaster
Medical System (NDMS) Teams:
Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Emergency Medical Response
Teams (EMRT)
Other specialized response teams
b. Assess health resource needs and acquire as necessary. Resources and capacity to
meet health response objectives must be reviewed periodically and appropriate
action taken to ensure their availability. Effective allocation and monitoring of health
resources and assets will be required to sustain 24-hour and extended response
operations.
4. EXTENDED RESPONSE: Hours 12 - 24
REMINDER - As part of the community response effort, continue to perform the
following activities:
○
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Assess the situation
Review and update health response objectives
Communicate with key health and medical agencies/organizations and
Address requests for assistance and information
Continue risk communication activities I Stay apprised of legal issues
Collect and analyze data through surveillance and laboratory systems
Address the needs of special populations
Organize health-related volunteers and donations
Collaborate with State and Federal on-site assistance
Assess health resource needs and acquire as necessary
Document all response activities
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
INITIATE THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES:
a. Address mental and behavioral health support needs. Initiate preparations for
providing mental and behavioral health services, and social services, to health
department staff, response personnel, and other persons affected by the event.
Address required comfort needs of health department staff.
b. Prepare for transition to extended operations or response disengagement. Consider
and assess public health functions and tasks that will need to be addressed beyond
the first 24 hours (i.e., the acute phase) of the incident based on incoming data and
developments. Your health department may be engaged in extended operations for
lengthy periods of time. Also, begin developing a strategy for disengaging and
demobilizing public health from the response effort based on the analysis and results
of incoming data and existing response objectives.
IV. ONGOING PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY RESPONSE FUNCTIONS AND
TASKS
This section provides a list of public health emergency response functions, tasks, and
prevention services that may need to be implemented during an emergency or disaster
beyond the first 24 hours (i.e., the acute phase) of the response. These activities should
be considered regardless of the type of incident (i.e., natural or technological / manmade). The order in which these activities are undertaken may vary according to the
specific incident, particularly during a biological incident or infectious disease outbreak,
and geographic location. This information should be used as a reference until existing
emergency operations plans, procedures, and guidelines are accessed.
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Environmental hazard identification
Hazards consultation
Epidemiological services
Health and medical needs assessment
Identification of affected individuals
Contamination control
Health surveillance
Laboratory specimen collection and analysis
Infectious disease identification, treatment, and control
Quarantine/isolation
Public health information
Risk communication
Responder safety and health
Health and medical personnel resources
Health and medical equipment safety and availability
Health-related volunteer and donation coordination
In-hospital care
Evacuation
Sheltering
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
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Special population's needs and assistance
Mass trauma
Mass fatalities
Mortuary services
Mental/behavioral health care and social services
Potable water
Food safety
Vector control
Wastewater and solid-waste disposal
Continuity of public health programs, services, and infrastructure
Veterinary services
Animal rescue/control/shelters
V. ADDENDUM
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
Form 1. Documentation of Contacts and Actions
This template allows for the creation of a running log through the documentation of
contacts made and response actions initiated during the initial hours of an incident until
existing forms or logs are accessed. All contacts, including unsuccessful attempts, and
follow-up actions should be recorded below. The initial resulting record can be used to
identity particular areas in your emergency operations plan, procedures, or guidelines
that may need revision.
Contacts
Date
Time
Actions / Comments
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
Tab 2 - Quarantine CDC Executive order 13295
Under the Public Health Service Act requirements (42 usc 264). the list of diseases for
which quarantine is authorized must first be specified in an Executive Order of the
President, on recommendation of the Health and Human Services Secretary. This
authority would only be used if someone posed a threat to public health and refused to
cooperate with a voluntary request.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 13295: REVISED LIST OF QUARANTINABLE COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES:
Section 1. Based upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Health and Human
Services (the “Secretary”), in consultation with the Surgeon General, and for the
purpose of specifying certain communicable diseases for regulations providing for the
apprehension, detention, or conditional release of individuals to prevent the introduction,
transmission, or spread of suspected communicable diseases, the following
communicable diseases are hereby specified pursuant to section 361(b) of the Public
Health Service Act:
(a) Cholera; Diphtheria; infectious Tuberculosis; Plague; Smallpox; Yellow Fever;
and Viral Hemmorrhagic Fevers (Lassa, Marburg, Eola, Crimean-Congo, South
American, and others not yet isolated or named.)
(b) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which is a disease associated with
fever and signs and symptoms of pneumonia or other respiratory illness, is
transmitted from person to person predominantly by the aerosolized or droplet route,
and, if spread in the population, would have severe public health consequences.
Section. 2. The Secretary, in the Secretary’s discretion, shall determine whether a
particular condition constitutes a communicable disease of the type specified in Section
1 of this order.
Section. 3. The functions of the President under sections 362 and 364(a) of the Public
Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 265 and 267(a) are assigned to the secretary.
Section. 4. This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit
enforceable by law or equity by any party against the United States, its departments,
agencies, entities, officers, employees or agents, or any other person.
Section. 5. Executive Order 12452 of December 22, 1983, is hereby revoked.
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
Tab 3 Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) Service
I. PURPOSE
This appendix provides plans for assessing, monitoring and assisting individuals with
their normal transitory reactions and adjustment responses resulting from involvement
(as victim’s relative/friend or rescuer) in a disaster.
II. SITUATION AND ASSUMPTIONS
A. SITUATION
1. Stress is an automatic, helpful human response to challenges posed by the
environment.
2. Critical incident stress is an expected normal reaction of normal persons
experiencing abnormal events.
3. Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) services can facilitate a person’s
preparedness for, the response to and recovery from stress generated by
emergencies.
4. The Mental Health and Recovery Services Board is responsible for providing CISM
services in Coshocton County.
5. The Mental Health and Recovery Services Board has verbal and written mutual-aid
agreements with in-county and adjacent counties counseling programs, Appalachian
Behavioral Healthcare and American Red Cross. Linkage is maintained with The
International Critical Incident Stress Foundation, Inc. located in Ellicott, MD.
B. ASSUPMPTIONS
1. The entire continuum of CISM services should be readily available during emergency
situations, especially large-scale ones such as disasters.
2. There is an adequate capability within the Mental Health and Recovery Services
Board’s catchment area (Coshocton, Guernsey, Morgan, Muskingum, Noble and
Perry Counties) to meet the demands of most situations.
3. If additional aid is needed, the International Critical Incident Stress Management
Team Coordination Center 24-hour hot line will be contacted at 410-313-2473.
4. When all available resources are committed and assistance is still required, state
and federal support may be obtained.
A. The Mental Health and Recovery Services Board is designated by state law as the
planning, monitoring, evaluating, providing and contracting authority for alcohol, drug
addiction and mental health services in the six-county catchment area of Coshocton,
Guernsey, Morgan, Muskingum, Noble and Perry Counties.
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
B. The above authority includes responsibility to attend to the emotional needs of
catchment area residents during the preparation; response and recovery phases of a
natural or technological disaster, civil unrest, domestic terrorism and other events
experienced as critical incidents.
C. The Board is responsible for preparing, submitting and implementing proposals for
state and/or federal mental health disaster recovery services grants.
D. Board governance is the responsibility of 18 volunteer citizen representatives.
County boards of commissioners appoint ten members; four are appointed by the
Director of the Ohio Department of Mental Health; and four by the Director of the
Ohio Department of Alcohol and Drug Addiction Services.
1. Based on percentage of catchment area population, Muskingum County has
seven representatives; Coshocton, Guernsey and Perry have three per county;
Morgan and Noble have one per county.
2. These citizens set policies, priorities and direction for the kinds, levels and mix of
services provided in Coshocton County.
E. The Board insures that needed services are available to county residents by
providing services directly and through contracts with public and private provider
organizations. Coshocton County contract organizations include:
1. Coshocton Behavioral Health Choices, Inc.
2. Thompkins Child and Adolescent Services, Inc.
3. Coshocton Counseling Center, SCI-Six County, Inc.
F. Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) services will be provided free-of-charge
to all Coshocton County residents affected by a disaster.
G. CISM services will be provided free-of-charge to any Coshocton County emergency
responder and his/her family affected by any critical incident.
H. Services
1. Types
On-scene Support
Demobilization
Defusing
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
Follow-up
Individual Consultation
Significant Other Support
Specialty Debriefing
CISM written material for mass media, parents, clergy, teachers, emergency
responders, etc.
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
2. Delivery Sites
On-scene
Emergency Operations Center
Hospitals and triage sites
Re-unification centers
Shelters
Morgues
Emergency response organizations facilities
I. Phases of Emergency Management
1. Mitigation
Deliver Critical Incident Stress Management education sessions and written
materials for the public, emergency responders and their families.
2. Preparedness
Provide ongoing training for CISM service providers.
Test response procedures through intra-and inter-organization exercises.
Continue upgrading/expanding written information for public and responders.
Maintain updates of at-risk population locations.
3. Response
Provide Critical Incident Stress Management services as required.
Assist with evacuations as needed.
4. Recovery
Continue follow-up services and activities as needed.
A. Organization
CISM Operations need to be closely coordinated with Public Health and Medical
Operations in order to fulfill the overall responsibility of safeguarding and minimizing
the adverse physical and mental health factors which may affect persons during
and/or after an emergency or disaster.
B. Assignment of Responsibilities
The Muskingum Area Board of Alcohol, Drug Addiction and Mental Health Services
coordinate the CISM services efforts including the Coshocton County components:
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
Six County, Inc. Coshocton Counseling Center, Coshocton Behavioral Health Choices,
Inc. and
Thompkins Child and Adolescent Services, Inc.
A. The CISM Operations Officer will report to the Coshocton County EOC upon its
activation to coordinate response efforts for stress management related activities, to
advise decision makers and maintain contact with other emergency response
groups. Refer to Attachment 1 of this appendix for CISM contact information.
B. Developed policies and procedures will manage internal resources.
C. CISM field staff will report all appropriate information regarding their operations to
the CISM Operations Officer in the EOC.
The line of succession of the CISM Operations Officer shall be as follows:
CISM Coordinator
CISM Team Leader #1
CISM Team Leader #2
Refer to Continuity of Operations Plan for relocation and safeguarding of vital
Emergency Management Agency records.
If needed for field operations, CISM service providers will wear light blue with white
lettering (stress reduction) identifying caps, vests and armbands. Refer to Tab 1 for
sample of CISM personnel identification card.
Communications equipment can be borrowed from the Cambridge State Hospital
including:
2 mobile radios…..30 watts
4 portable radios…05 watts
Staff and CISM volunteer team members include:
6 Firefighters
12 EMT (Emergency Medical Technician)
1 Dispatcher
7 Registered Nurses
5 Licensed Independent Social Workers
3 Licensed Professional Counselors
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
7 Master of Science/Master of Arts
12 Licensed Social Workers
7 Associate of Arts Workers
The CISM Services Operations Officer in cooperation with the Coshocton County
Emergency Management Agency Director is responsible for reviewing this appendix,
ensuring that changes to this appendix are prepared and coordinated based upon
deficiencies identified by exercises, emergencies and changes in government structure.
The Coshocton County Emergency Management Director will publish and distribute all
changes to this appendix and forward revisions to all responsible organizations listed in
this appendix.
Additional Standard Operating Procedures, mutual-aid agreements, personnel rosters
including 24-hour emergency telephone notification numbers and equipment inventories
will be developed and maintained as directed by the CISM Services Operations Officer.
AUTHORITIES
Ohio Amended Substitute House Bill #317
The Alcohol and Drug Addiction Services Act of 1989
REFERENCES
SM-403 Ohio EMA “Mass Fatalities Incident Response” course mental health related
materials October 1992.
Crisis Intervention Programs For Disaster Victims in Smaller Communities – DHHS
Publications No. (ADM) 90-675, National Institute of Mental Health; 1979 reprinted
1990.
Crisis Services Delivery In A Disaster, Ohio Emergency Management Agency, and Ohio
Department of Mental Health, 1994.
Disaster Work and Mental Health: Prevention and Control of Stress Among Workers.
DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 87-1422. National Institute of Mental Health; 1985.
Innovations in Mental Health Services to Disaster Victims, DHHS Publication No. (ADM)
90-1-1390, National Institute of Mental Health; 1985 reprinted 1990.
Manual for Child Health Workers in Major Disasters, DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 861070, National Institute of Mental Health: 1981 reprinted 1986.
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
Emergency Response to Crisis, Mitchell, Jeffrey T. and Bray, Grady -, 1981 Robert J.
Brady Company.
Emergency Services Stress, Mitchell, Jeffrey T. and Bray, Grady 1990: Prentice-Hall
Inc.
Role Stressors and Supports for emergency Workers, DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 901408, National Institute of Mental Health; 1985 reprinted in 1990.
ADDENDUM
Attachment 1 - CISM Services Personnel – Identification Card Sample
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HEALTH AND MEDICAL
ATTACHMENT 1
SAMPLE PERSONNEL IDENTIFICATION CARD
FRONT OF CARD
CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS
MANAGEMENT SERVICES
This certifies
WORKERS NAME
Is an authorized disaster service worker
______________________
Ralph F. Beegan, CISM Operations Officer
Muskingum Area Board of Alcohol
Drug Addiction & Mental Health Services
BACK OF CARD
CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS
MANAGEMENT SERVICES
_____________________________
SIGNATURE OF DISASTER SERVICE WORKER
If found, please return to:
Muskingum Area Board of Alcohol,
Drug Addiction & Mental Health Services
1205 Newark Rd., Zanesville, OH 43725
(614-454-8557)
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MASS CASUALTY / FATALITY PLAN
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this annex is to document the steps Coshocton County will take for a
coordinated emergency response to a mass casualty/fatality incident. Provisions listed here are
intended to augment other portions of the County Emergency Operations Plan (EOP).
A. SITUATION
1. Mass casualty/fatality incidents may occur without notice and may require a major response
effort and cover more than one operational period.
2. Because of the number of casualties/fatalities involved, the need for rapid assessment and
treatment is critical.
3. Response and recovery from a mass casualty/or fatality event could result in the closure of
affected buildings, including facilities such as medical treatment, governmental or businesses,
limiting local response capability.
4. The Coshocton County Coroner will coordinate the response to a mass fatality situation and
arrange for assistance by coordination with adjacent counties, State and Federal Agencies and
other organizations to provide the necessary support and assistance for the incident.
5. Events such as chemical spills/releases, biological, or terrorist incidents could be the cause of
a mass casualty / fatality event. Other threats that must be considered are:
○ Severe summer or winter storms
○ Major fires
○ Intruder(s) with weapons
○ Hostage situations
○ Transportation accidents involving a truck, airplane or bus.
Terrorist incidents in schools and public buildings have occurred all too often in the recent past.
Emergency plans for these facilities address emergency response and preventive measures
like:
○ Enhance security measures
○ Identification systems
○ Control and limited entry
○ Procedures for lockdown
○ Procedures for reporting health issues.
Each year there are many pre-planned events in the county. The officials in charge of there preplanned events are being encouraged to be proactive and to address the possibilities of
emergencies and ensure their plans and procedures current.
B. ASSUMPTIONS
1. There are potential creditable natural and man-made threats that could cause a mass
casualty / fatality incident in Coshocton County at any time.
Annex H - Mass Casualty / Fatality Plan 2007
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2. That the various management personnel within the county who are responsible for
emergency planning for their facilities (schools, medical facilities, government buildings,
business and industrial companies, public events, etc.) have fulfill their obligations by
developing appropriate emergency plans, coordinating the plans with the appropriate local
response agencies and test the plan regularly.
3. In the event of a mass casualty/fatality situation, there would be a rapid response by local
emergency response agencies, departments and organizations and mutual aid support will be
requested and provided by other emergency response departments and organizations
4. The need to provide staff for emergency shelters and other types of emergency operations for
long periods of time will place a strain on volunteers and additional resources may be needed.
5. During major emergencies or disasters, the County Emergency Operations Center (EOC) will
be activated. The EOC staff would report to the EOC and begin coordination activity for the
response agencies.
6. The Coshocton County EMA Director will obtain a local Declaration of Disaster if needed,
report the situation and request assistance from the Ohio Emergency Management Agency
(OEMA) as needed. The OEMA is the designated coordination agency for the Governor for all
emergencies within Ohio and coordinates state agencies response, handles the state
emergency declarations, disaster reports and requests for State and Federal response.
7. The Coshocton Chapter of the American Red Cross (Red Cross) maintains shelter
information for the entire county. The Red Cross staff has identified appropriate facilities in the
county and has completed a shelter agreement with each facility.
8. The Red Cross will request assistance from other Red Cross Chapters within the State or
from National Red Cross when the situation when additional resources (personnel, equipment
or supplies) are needed.
9. Coshocton County has adopted NIMS and the Incident Command System (ICS). All incidents
will be managed by the Incident Command System in accordance with the provisions of NIMS.
10. The following information addresses the “four phases of emergency management for mass
casualty/fatality planning”. This information will be used by each agency, department, and
organization with a role for developing their specific plans for mass casualty / fatality.
III PHASES OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
A. MITIGATION
Identify possible hazards that could cause mass casualties and (or) mass fatalities in Coshocton
County. For each hazard identified address any possible actions that could be taken to
eliminate the event or reduce its impact on the county if it occurred.
○ Determine the agencies, departments and organizations that would have a
response role in any of the identified hazards.
○ Identify resources for personnel, equipment and supplies which will support
emergency operations.
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B. PREPAREDNESS
1. The agencies, departments and organizations that were identified, under mitigation, must
understand their roll and develop a plan addressing their response to the event. The plans will
address, protocols, operational procedures, identify responsibilities, and the resources they
have and those resources they will need to obtain and where the resources can be obtained.
2. Training on the plans, protocols and operations procedures must be conducted. Tests and
exercises must be scheduled and conducted regularly in order to validate the documents and to
train personnel in their use.
3. Where there is a need mutual aid agreements will be made with the organizations that are
expected to provide the needed resources. Notification procedures, call down lists and other
methods, must be established and kept up-to-date.
C. RESPONSE
An Incident Command Post will be established on scene and the IC will identify staging and
EMS areas.
The County Emergency Operations Center may be activated.
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Upon initial notification of a serious incident with many causalities possible and an
unknown number of fatalities, each agency, department and (or)
organization will respond in accordance with their plan.
Establish casualty collection, triage and treatment centers, and transport victims
to appropriate medical facilities.
In the event population must be evacuated and sheltered, the Red Cross will be
requested to activate sufficient shelters to handle the evacuees.
Deceased will not be moved unless it is necessary to treat and remove an injured
person.
The Coroner will be notified if there are fatalities.
The Coroner will establish an “On Scene Sector” to conduct operations from a
“Temporary Morgue Sector” to handle the deceased and a “Family Assistance
Center” in order to provide a secure place for families to gather and await information.
Notify Ohio EMA and other agencies and organizations of the situation and request
appropriate assistance. If the incident is determined to be a terrorist incident, notify
appropriate law enforcement agencies.
The Coroner will notify the State Funeral Directors Association Disaster Team
and request DMORT and/or DMORT-WMD assistance as needed.
Complete appropriate paperwork and death certificates for the deceased.
Commence public information activities to inform the public of the situation. County
EMA may open Joint Information Center (JIC).
All agencies, departments and organization will document all notifications, response
activities, casualties and fatalities and other items as necessary.
D. RECOVERY
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The Coroner, and assisting organizations, will continue to work with the victim's
families until all tasks are accomplished.
The Family Assistance Center will remain open until all activities are complete.
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In the event state and/or federal disaster assistance is requested, their Disaster
Assistance Centers will remain open until the applications of all families and
businesses have been received.
If there were evacuations the Incident Commander will determine the affected area(s)
are safe for the evacuated population to return to their homes and businesses.
When the all-clear indicating it is safe to return to an area, appropriate public
announcements will be made to the responding agencies, departments and
organization and the public.
Shelters will remain open until all persons requiring sheltering have been taken care of
and are able to return to their homes or to temporary housing.
All documents and records of the event will be completed and stored in a secure place.
The County EMA office will schedule and conduct an after action briefing and critique
involving all agencies, departments and organization involved in the event.
IV. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
As most of the Emergency Operations Plan have been developed to address conditions that are
likely to occur in the county, it is equally important to plan for mass casualty / fatality incidents
where services must be expanded in scope very quickly. This annex addresses this need when
an incident is first identified as being or likely to be a mass casualty / fatality incident.
As the primary responsibility in a mass casualty event is to locate, treat, and transport victims,
this annex is divided into three sections, Initial Response, Mass Casualties and Mass Fatalities.
Typically the last two sections will occur at the same time with most of the response and
deployment of resources being utilized for causalities before fatalities.
A. INITIAL RESPONSE
1. Regardless of the location, nature or extent of the disaster, the first unit to arrive on the
scene shall have initial command and control authority, and should:
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Establish the Incident Command Post (ICP)
Assess the incident scene and check for unusual hazards.
Advise the 911 communications center of the situation, including:
A description of the incident
Location of the Incident Command Post
Identify hazards that would affect a response
Estimate of the number of mass casualties
Estimate of the severity of the casualties
Estimate of the number of fatalities
Provide an estimate of what initial resources are needed.
2. Maintain command and control of the incident location until properly relieved of command.
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Secure the incident site
Establish perimeter security and restrict access as quickly as possible.
The Incident Commander may set up the following functional areas as needed
to accomplish management of the incident:
Staging Area
Public Information Area / Joint Information Center
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B. MASS CASUALTIES
1. As the Emergence Medical Service (EMS) arrives they will report to the Incident Commander
and will designate an EMS Officer in Charge (OIC). The EMS OIC will in turn determine the
location of the following areas if necessary and assign a leader to each:
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Triage Area
Treatment Area
Medical Transportation Area
2. The EMS OIC will remain in this command position until properly relieved.
3. The details can be found in Tab 1 of this Annex. Mass Casualty Incident Emergency Medical
Service Checklist
4. The Transportation leader will maintain a log of each casualty including at a minimum; name,
address, type of transportation used, and where they were taken. The Transportation leader will
forward this information to the EOC for distribution to the American Red Cross representative or
person responsible for determining the location of victims and notifying family members.
5. Any victim that dies after being treated in the triage, treatment, or transportation area will be
moved to a secure area aside from these areas and out of public view to await review and
removal by the coroner or his staff.
6. Fatalities are identified where they are found and will be tagged and left in place unless it is
necessary to move them to treat the living. Record on the triage tag that the deceased has
been moved.
Medical Helicopters
When the EMS OIC determines that conditions exist for the use of air evacuation services, the
requests for support will be forwarded through existing communication’s channels to Medical
Flight Office, Columbus 1-800-222-5433 (1-800-222-LIFE).
○ The Flight Office will schedule flights and advise of the arrival time.
○ The Flight Office will need one contact person and phone number.
○ Incident Command (typically fire service or sheriff) will define the landing site, mark and
secure the site.
○ Helicopter landing sites should be lighted for night-time rescue.
Criteria and Procedure for Requesting Mutual Aid
1. When it is determined by the Incident Commander that other assistance is required and the
on site responders have deployed and they have or are about to utilize all their available
resources mutual aid will be requested.
2. The Incident Commander will determine what type mutual aid required and the level of
mutual aid necessary to respond to the situation and communicate this to the 911
communications center or the activated EOC.
3. Requests for assistance shall include:
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The nature and location of the emergency and an estimate of persons injured or
affected.
The number of and type personnel requested
Required supplies and resources
The location of the staging area for arriving assisting units.
EMS Standing Orders of Operation
1. When communications with area hospitals or other medical advisors cannot be used
effectively or when there is an unavoidable delay in the transport of patients to a medical facility,
standing orders for EMS operations may be used.
2. These standing orders will allow advance life support (ALS) and basic life support (BLS)
units providing mutual aid outside of their jurisdiction to administer all drugs and perform all
procedures as contained in their own jurisdictional written protocols.
C. AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT
Control the movement of casualties and fatalities at the scene of an aircraft accident by:
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Sealed off the crash scene from the public and debris should not be moved unless it is
absolutely necessary to treat casualties.
Site security is very important and must include all area where debris is located.
As casualties are located they will be removed and attended to, however, a tag must
be left to mark the position where they where found.
When fatalities are located they will be left where they are until the appropriate federal
authority arrives.
A fatality will only be moved in order to treat a casualty. If a fatality is moved, it will be
tagged to indicate its initial location.
D. MASS FACILITIES
When Mass Fatalities are determined to be present the Incident Commander will request the
Coshocton County Coroner to respond. Upon reporting to the site the Coroner will confer with
the Incident Commander to determine:
○
○
○
○
○
o
Where the fatalities are located
How many fatalities have been identified
Is the area where the fatalities are located safe to enter
What resources are available
The Coroner will determine if any or all three major sectors are opened and if so assign
a supervisor to each.
The Coroner will proceed to implement the three Sectors of mass Facilities.
Sector 1 ON-SCENE SECTOR
This sector is the primary responsibility and defines the duties of the Coshocton County Coroner
in an incident with Mass Fatalities.
○ Determine when the fatalities can be moved from the scene.
○ Work with the Incident Commander to ensure scene security and control.
○ Identify the remains of the fatalities.
-6-
○
○
○
○
Preserve and collect evidence of a medical nature.
Observe standard procedures in the event the incident is suspected, or declared as a
crime scene.
Notify the relatives of the fatalities.
Collect, tag and secure the valuables of the deceased victims.
If the incident is determined to be a crime scene:
○
○
○
○
○
○
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○
○
Request law enforcement assistance with scene documentation and photography
when possible.
Mark all human remains at the site when possible.
Document all activities.
Request DMORT or other organizations as needed.
Collect all the remains and possessions marking the location where they were found.
Notify and request activation of the Ohio State Funeral Director’s Association Disaster
Team as needed.
Work with the investigating agency to recreate the accident scene.
Arrange for CISD services including rotation and break schedules for all workers
related to the Coroner’s functions.
After all human remains are recovered; turn the scene over to the appropriate law
enforcement agency.
Sector 2 - TEMPORARY MORGUE SECTOR
This sector is the primary responsibility and duties of the Morgue Supervisor in an incident with
Mass Fatalities.
○
○
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○
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Coordinate activities with the County Coroner or his representative.
Coordinate all activities related to record collection and documentation of all morgue
operations.
Responsible for all activities to the reception, cataloging, storage, and disposition of all
personal effects as they arrive at morgue site.
Establish a reliable and secure communications link with the Coroner.
Ensure adequate number of non-technical staff to serve as morgue assistance,
runners, clerks, etc.
Ensure that all preparation activities are coordinated with receiving funeral directors /
next- of-kin preferences for final disposition.
Coordinate shipping details with receiving funeral directors.
Maintain a resource staging area at the morgue site.
Coordinate all pertinent records and personal effects to be shipped with body.
Maintain a resource staging area at the morgue site.
Maintain a log of all equipment and supplies used at morgue site.
Ensure that all morgue operations staff functional unit leaders understand their
duties and reporting relationships.
Fill out death certificates for deceased victims prior to release.
Determine equipment and resource needs.
Sector 3 - FAMILY ASSISTANCE CENTER
The Family Assistance Center is a temporary facility established by the Coroner's office to
provide a place, away from the media and other persons who may attempt to prey on the family
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members, and where the family of the deceased can await word and make necessary
arrangements.
○
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○
○
The Coroner designates the location for the Center.
The Center will be located in a facility away from the scene and the morgue.
The Center will be staffed by the Coroner’s office staff along with members of
the Ohio State Funeral Directors and American Red Cross.
The Center will be equipped with a telephone and a computer for the collection of ID
information and family information in order to maintain contact with family members
who cannot be present.
The Center will allow religious support for all necessary dominations.
Security will be provided to ensure unauthorized persons are denied access to
the Center.
E. ADMINISTRATION and LOGISTICS
The following policies will be observed at all times:
○
○
○
○
○
○
All coroner employees and temporary personnel shall log all time worked.
All employees shall follow universal blood and fluid precautions at all times.
All information will be held in the strictest confidence, until released by the Coroner, as
required by the Ohio Revised Code.
Only the Coroner, his designee, or the County PIO will be permitted to release “
cleared” information to the media.
All be encouraged to participate in stress debriefing during the event and at its
conclusion.
Next of kin and survivors of the deceased victims will be cared for through the
services provided by the Family Assistance Center.
SHELTERING
If sheltering is required it will be provided as found in Annex F “Sheltering and Mass Care”
V. PUBLIC INFORMATION
Public information will be provided as found in Annex D “Emergency Public Information”
The information will be distributed as early as possible and be maintained throughout the event
until the incident is closed.
All media releases must be coordinated with the IC, EOC, Coroner, or Joint Information Center
(JIC), in order to ensure accurate, consistent and timely reporting. Specific information about
individuals will not be included in media releases.
The public will be advised of potential adverse effects and recommended to safeguard lives and
property. Information regarding prudent protective actions will be conveyed to the public. Major
questions, concerns and interest during a mass casualty incident may include:
○
○
○
○
Quarantine and isolation
Medical care
Water quality
Road and transportation
-8-
○
Pet and livestock issues
VI. EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
Coshocton County’s primary 911 Dispatch Centers, located in the Sheriff’s Office, conducts
emergency communications. There is a secondary back up 911 dispatch located in the City of
Coshocton Fire Department.
Mass casualty / fatality event public information will be disseminated in accordance with:
Basic Plan
Annex B
Annex C
Annex D
Section 3.1 Initial Notification
Section 3.5 Communication
Communications
Warning
Emergency Public Information.
The information be distributed as early as possible and be maintained throughout the event until
the incident is closed.
Depending upon the scope and type of the incident, wireless or cellular phones may provide a
backup communications system between dispatchers for area EMS agencies and the Medical
Sector Leader, between the EMS Transportation Officer and an EMCC, and with other
organizations.
VII. TRANSPORTATION RESOURCES
Transportation resources available in Coshocton County are identified in TAB 3 “Emergency
Transportation Providers” in Annex E Evacuation and Transportation”
VII. REVIEW / CRITIQUE of MASS CASUSALITY INCIDENTS
The County EMA office may appoint a task force to review the response to the incident. The
task force will review the reports of response activities and present its findings to the County
Commissioners and other agencies, departments and organization that were involved in the
response.
There will be a critique of the incident that will include all agencies, departments and
organizations that participated in the event. State and Federal agencies and other organizations
will be invited to participate.
Schedule a critique normally scheduled within 7-14 days following the end of an incident.
Provide all the participating agencies, departments and organizations an opportunity to report
their comments and findings.
VIII. PLAN UPDATES
See the Basic Plan for Plan Maintenance details.
IX ADDENDUMS.
Tab 1 - Mass Casualty / Fatality Incident EMS Checklists
-9-
Tab 2 - Response Plan for Ohio Funeral Directors Association
Tab 3 - Triage Victim Identification
Tab 4 - Definitions
- 10 -
X. AUTHENTICATION
- 11 -
Tab 1 MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT EMS CHECKLISTS
MEDICAL SECTOR LEADER (EMS Officer in Charge)
Responsible for:
○ Assuming overall EMS operations at the incident, for appointing all other EMS team members
and forwarding all EMS recommendations to the Incident Commander.
○ Assuming assignments as EMS OIC from Incident Commander
○ Identifying yourself as Medical by wearing vest
○ Performing a medical size-up and relay information to Incident Commander
○ Assessing need for decontamination of patients prior to treatment or transport
○ Providing periodic updates to the Incident Commander on medical operations
Develop an initial strategy for the medical aspects of the incident, including locations for:
○
○
○
○
Triage areas
Treatment Areas
Transportation assembly areas
EMS Staging areas
Establish options for communication, including:
○
○
○
Request 911 dispatch center to make contact
Use wireless phone
Establish a medical staging area and notify Incident Command
Order additional medical resources needed through Incident Command to include:
○
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ALS Units / BLS Units
Mass Casualty Unit (Trailer, Van)
Transportation (Private Ambulances, Buses, vans, etc)
Helicopters
Appoint the following:
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○
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Treatment Officer
Triage Officer
Transport Officer
Medical Sector Coordinator (if necessary depending on the situation).
Note: If the number of injuries is large, the Medical Sector Leader may designate an individual
to serve as the Medical Sector Coordinator. The responsibility of this person would be to:
○
○
Coordinate information on scene activities with appropriate area medical facilities
Describe types of injuries, space available, alternate medical facilities if required,
and transport requirements.
- 12 -
TRIAGE OFFICER
Responsible for the management of victims where they are found at the incident site, for sorting
victims by the seriousness of their injuries and for moving victims to the treatment area. Reports
to Medical Sector Leader (EMS-OIC).
The officer shall ensure coordination between extrication teams and patient care personnel to
provide appropriate care for entrapped victims. The designated person will:
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Assume position as Triage Officer and identify self by wearing Triage Officer’s
vest.
Observe scene for hazards and take necessary precautions.
Confer with Incident Commander's Safety Officer.
Determine the location, number and condition of patients involved in the incident.
Advise Medical Sector Leader of the approximate number and severity of injuries.
DO NOT PROCEED UNTIL THE ABOVE TASKS ARE DONE
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Establish a strategy for triage with the Medical Sector Leader, including:
Triage patients where they are found OR move patients to a designated area for triage
Assign personnel to direct walking wounded to triage area
Determine and order any additional resources through Medical Sector Leader, including:
○ Additional personnel
○ Additional equipment or supplies
Assign and control all personnel in the triage sector to include:
○ Establish triage teams and define operating zones
○ Make sure that sufficient quantities of triage tags are available
○ Coordinate the moving of patients to the treatment sector in order of severity
○ Communicate with other medical branch sectors as needed by:
Radio
Wireless phone
Face to face communications
Provide regular and/or updated progress reports to Medical Sector Leader
Advise “All Clear” to Medical Sector Leader when all patients have been triaged and
moved to the treatment sector
Assess need for decontamination of patients prior to treatment or transport.
TREATMENT OFFICER
Responsible for:
○
○
Sorting patients at the treatment area to establish priorities for treatment and transport, and
for directing coordination with EMS personnel and medical professionals mobilized to th
scene.
Report to the Medical Sector Leader (EMS-OIC).
The treatment area should be headed by an individual who routinely functions in pre-hospital
EMS, or a previously identified individual who is designated by position, and participates in prehospital mass casualty drills. If at all possible, this person should be a physician or the highest
ALS available.
- 13 -
The person designated will:
○
○
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Assume the position as Treatment Officer upon assignment by Medical Sector
Leader and wear the Treatment Officer’s vest for identification.
Determine the location for the field treatment area and notify the Medical Sector Leader
Determine and order any additional resources through Medical Sector Leader,
including:
○ Additional personnel, including the need for on-site physician
○ Mass casualty trailer / van
○ Construct a formal treatment area to include:
○ Identifiable entrance and exit points by using stakes and barrier tape
○ Separate red and yellow triaged patients within the treatment area
○ Develop a pool of medical supplies within the treatment area from mass
casualty unit and non transporting units
○ Designate an area for green triaged patients to be collected and treated
outside the formal treatment Area
○ Locate yourself at the entrance point and perform re-triage as needed on patients
arriving from the triage sector
○ Perform triage on patients arriving into the treatment area without triage tags
○ Assign and control all personnel in the sector to ensure appropriate treatment for
all patients
○ Move patients through the exit point into the transport sector in order of severity
○ Provide regular updated progress reports to Medical Sector Leader
○ Provide the IC periodic reports on the situation to include number patients, number
deceased, number treated and transported and other pertinent information.
○ Advise “All Clear” to Medical Sector Leader when all patients have been treated
and moved to the transport sector
MEDICAL TRANSPORTATION OFFICER
The Transportation Officer is responsible for:
○
Arranging appropriate transport vehicles (ambulances, helicopters, buses, vans, etc.) for
those patients that the Treatment Officer has selected for transport.
○
Assuming position as Transportation Officer upon assignment by Medical Sector Leader
and identify yourself by wearing Transportation Officer’s vest.
○ Determining the location(s) for the staging of the transportation of patients and advise the
Medical Sector Leader.
○
Determine and order any additional resources through Medical Sector Leader, including:
○
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Personnel
Ambulances
Helicopters
Buses / Vans
Communicating with the Emergency Medical Coordinator to determine hospital availability
and capacities.
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○
Appointing a Medical Staging Officer to control the ambulance flow, request additional
assets, etc.
○
Designating a person to track all green triaged patients that are or are not transported
○
Coordinating patient removal to loading zones in order of severity to include moving
patients to helicopter landing zone sector for transport to distant hospitals
○
maintaining accurate records of patients transported on the tracking boards or sheets
○
communicating with other medical branch sectors as needed by:
○
○
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Radio
Wireless phone
Face to face communications
○
Providing regular updated progress reports to Medical Sector Leader
○
Advising “All Clear” to Medical Sector Leader when all patients have been transported.
- 15 -
Tab 2
Ohio Funeral Directors Association Mortuary Response Plan (MRT)
A copy of Funeral Directors Association Mortuary Response Plan is on file in the EOC
Reference File. The latest copy of the MRT was received 18 Dec 06.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
Introduction
II.
Team Information
a.
b.
c.
d.
Team Makeup
Mobile Morgue Equipment
Operating and Calling Guidelines
Potential Press Release
III. Mortuary Emergency Operations Plan
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
Purpose, concept of operation, local, direction and control
Initial Recovery & Operations Guidelines
Biological / Chemical Response
Guidelines for Evacuation to Morgue
Temporary Morgue Site
Family Assistance Center
Mass Burial Guidelines
Unidentifiable Remains
Temporary Storage VS. Burial
Remains not Recovered
Preparation Guidelines
Personal Effects & Property Disposition
Personnel
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
IV. Forms Appendix
a.
b.
c.
Drill Request
Response Request
Ante-Mortem Data Collection Form (VIP Form)
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Tab 3 - Triage Victim Identification
County EMS providers have received instruction in mass casualty incident (MCI) procedures.
The basic management of MCI is to triage victims into four levels of care by use of the triage tag
system.
Red = Immediate
Yellow = Delayed
Green = Minor
Black = Deceased
Each fire department in the county has MCI response run card that pre-designates inside and
outside the county resources needed for MCI up to 100 injured. These run cards include public,
private, emergency, none emergency and air medical units from around the state and beyond
for response to a MCI. The first EMS responder on the scene is to assign triage, treatment and
transport divisions to assure the most effective use of resources.
By state statute, it is the responsibility for law enforcement to notify next of kin of death.
Coshocton County Memorial Hospital and surrounding hospitals, use the MCI card to determine
the required hospital staffing levels
The county EMS providers use the triage tag system to identify individuals that are deceased,
and the coroner has at his disposal DMORT if needed. Local health department officials have
verbal and written agreements with surrounding health agencies for mutual aid.
- 17 -
Tab 4 - Definitions
Mass casualty incident is an event that requires an immediate emergency response to
evacuate, treat and/or shelter an unusually large number of people and is a disaster in that it is
beyond the capabilities of the local emergency response agencies to handle.
Mass fatality incident occurs where large numbers of people are killed, placing a tremendous
strain on the county coroner and staff, the emergency responders and the medical center. Local
resources and available morgue capabilities would not be sufficient to handle the situation.
National Incident Management System (NIMS) - Is a national system for the management of
incidents and is based on the Incident Command System. Homeland Security Presidential
Directive-5 requires that all levels of government, first responders, and any employee with
emergency response related responsibilities, adopt NIMS. The Governor of Ohio and the
Coshocton County Commissioners have adopted NIMS.
Incident Command System (ICS) is an incident management and command system that is
clearly established from the beginning of the incident operations. The agency or department
with primary jurisdictional authority over the incident designates the individual at the scene
responsible for establishing command.
Unified Command - If an incident involves multiple jurisdictions, a single jurisdiction with multiagency involvement, or multi jurisdictions with multi-agency involvement, a Unified Command
structure will be utilized that will permit agencies to work together effectively without affecting
individual agency authority, responsibility or accountability.
Disaster - A natural or man-made event, civil disturbance or hostile attack, terrorist incident, or
any other hazardous occurrence of unusual or severe effect, threatening or causing injury to
multiple individuals.
Disaster Mortuary Response Team (DMORT) - Teams organized to provide emergency
assistance for disaster mortuary response and support to communities in the event of a major
disaster involving fatalities.
Disaster Mortuary Response Team - Weapons of Mass Destruction (DMORT-WMD) - A
specialized unit whose function is the decontamination of human remains for the ultimate
purpose of returning these remains to family members where possible for humanitarian and
legal reasons.
Ohio Intrastate Mutual Aid Compact (IMAC) is designed to complement existing mutual aid
agreements. The program provides for mutual assistance, response to and recovery from any
disaster that results in a formal declaration of emergency; provides for mutual cooperation
among the participating political subdivisions in conducting disaster-related exercises, testing, or
other training activities using services, equipment, supplies, materials, personnel, and other
resources. (See http://emacweb.org/?65 1)
Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC), a congressionally ratified organization,
established in 1996, which provides form and structure for interstate mutual aid. EMAC allows
for a quick response to disasters using human and other resources and expertise possessed by
other states during Governor declared emergencies. When state resources are overwhelmed
EMAC provides for fast and flexible assistance for the requested state.
- 18 -
Incident Commander - Responsible for overall, on scene, incident activities and disaster
response. The Incident Commander is responsible for the assessment of the incident,
procurement and coordination of emergency response organizations and support agencies to
effectively deal with the situation. The IC will designate the Operations Officer, Safety Officer,
Staging Officer, EMS Sector Leader, On-scene PlO, and others as needed. The IC could be
Fire, Law Enforcement or EMS depending on the type of situation.
Safety Officer - Responsible for monitoring emergency operations to ensure the safety of all
personnel.
Public Information Officer - Coordinates the public information for the IC, Coroner, EOC, or JIC.
The Public Information Officer is responsible for providing timely information to the media that
represents a unified point of information
County Coroner - Responsible for notification and activation of resources necessary to deal with
the incident. Assistance of the State Funeral Directors Association Disaster Team and other
auxiliary services including DMORT, DMORT-WMD, veterinary services and other services will
be requested as needed. The coroner is responsible for disposition of the deceased.
- 19 -
RESOURCES
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this annex is to document means, organization, and the process by which
resources are located, obtained, allocated, and distributed to address the needs during an
emergency disaster situation in Coshocton County.
Resources as used in this annex are defined as Personnel, Teams, Facilities, Equipment, and
Supplies.
II. SITUATION
Coshocton County will have emergency disaster situations that will use all its resources. The
situation will require additional, expert, and (or) specialized resources. The procurement of
these needed resources will be obtained using the procedures documented in this and other
Annexes.
III. ASSUMPTIONS
It is assumed that there will be emergency disaster situations in Coshocton County that will
require resources in addition to those that are used for routine response to daily situations. It is
assumed that the needed resources may not always be available from local sources.
Coshocton County has an Emergency Resource Catalog that lists resources that have been
identified as having a possible need during disaster situations and lists a source for obtaining
them.
Coshocton County must be prepared to sustain its self for the first 24 to 48 hours.
Coshocton County has Mutual Aid agreements with the surrounding counties of Licking, Knox,
Holmes, Tuscarawas, Guernsey, and Muskingum.
Coshocton County will have access to State and Federal resources for incidents of major impact
and declared emergencies. These resources should not be counted on as being available for 48
to 72 hours after the incident starts.
Functions such as Evacuation, Mass Care, Donations, and Volunteers are addressed in other
sections or annexes of the Plan.
IV. CONCEPT of OPERATIONS
Activation of Resource Management Function
In Coshocton County, the primary Resource Management Organization is the Incident
Command Structure with the Incident Commander making the decisions concerning the need
for and use of resources. As the incident expands, the EOC will be activated and when
activated, the Resource Management function is activated. The number of personnel needed for
Resource Management will be determined as the situation requires. The Resource Manager will
be appointed by the EMA Director or the EOC Coordinator. Several people have been identified
and trained in the use of this Annex.
Annex I - Resources 2007
-1-
RESOURCES
Priorities of the Distribution of Resources
It is the responsibility of the local governments to have the Plans, Procedures, and Protocols
that provides protection for its citizens. These Plans, Procedures, and Protocols address the
following resource management issues:
How local resources are committed as available and necessary;
Maintain a list of known resources that may be needed during the expected events that could
occur in Coshocton County;
Maintain Mutual Aid Agreements with surrounding counties and know what resources they can
supply;
Maintain contact with Ohio EMA for deployment of State and Federal resources.
Resources will be allocated and distributed based on the following:
To protect lives
To protect Property
To mitigate additional impact to citizens or property.
Determining resource needs
The Department of Homeland Security maintains a listing of Emergency Resources that have
been typed. In determining a resource is needed, this typing identification will be used. There is
an appendix to the Coshocton County Emergency Resource Catalog that lists the resources
that have been typed. The resources that have been identified in the Coshocton County
Emergency Resource Catalog that meet the typing requirements are identified.
The initial request for a response (commit local responders and their resources) is delegated to
the Sheriff’s Department dispatch center. Anyone in the county can call 911 and describe a
need and dispatch will make the initial allocation of county resources that have been determined
necessary for addressing the incident.
As the event develops, the Incident Commander will go through dispatch and request additional
county resources. The determination of a need for additional resources is the responsibility of
the Incident Commander. The Incident Commander will make a request through dispatch for
additional resources. If the resource(s) needed can not be procured from sources that dispatch
or the Incident Commander has the authority to request they can request the EOC to be
activated. (This is not the only way to activate the EOC.)
Obtaining Resources
When a request is received in the activated EOC, the assigned Resource Manager will
determine:
If the resource is identified in the Coshocton County Emergency Resource Catalog:
The Resource Manager will then determine where the resource is and (or) who has the
resource
-2-
RESOURCES
The Resource Manager will determine if the resource is available and when it can be
obtained.
The Resource Manager will determine the cost of the resource
The Resource Manager will determine if the resource comes with operators if needed. If
Operators are needed and do come with resource, what qualifications are necessary to
operate the resource.
The Resource Manager will locate the person with the authority to order the resource and
obtain their permission to order.
The Resource Manager will follow the procedures in the Finance/Administrative Section
and order the resource.
The Resource Manager will then inform the Incident Commander as to when the resource
should be at the staging area ready for deployment.
If the resource is not identified in the Coshocton County Emergency Resource Catalog:
The Resource Manager will then determine if the resource can be obtained through one of
the Mutual Aid agreements:
The Resource Manager will determine what county has the resource
The Resource Manager will determine if the resource is available and when it can be
obtained
The Resource Manager will determine the cost of the resource
The Resource Manager will determine if the resource comes with operators if needed. If
Operators are needed and do come with resource, what qualifications are necessary to
operate the resource.
The Resource Manager will locate the person with the authority to order the resource and
obtain their permission to order.
The Resource Manager will follow the procedures in the Finance/Administrative Section
and order the resource.
The Resource Manager will then inform the Incident Commander as to when the resource
should be at the Staging area ready for deployment.
If the resource can not be obtained through a source listed in the Coshocton County
Emergency Resource Catalog or a Mutual Aid Agreement,
The Resource Manager is directed to contact the State EMA EOC and request help in
obtaining the needed resource. To obtain State resources may require a local Declaration
of Emergency. If so, the Resource Manager will follow the procedure for obtaining a local
Declaration of Emergency as seen in Standard Operating Procedures or the COOP
Checklist 6.
-3-
RESOURCES
Maintaining Financial and Legal Accountability
The Resource Manager will maintain and document all functions of this procurement process on
forms and documents found in Annex K Finance/Administration of the Plan.
Distribution of Procured Resources
Once a resource is obtained and is ready for deployment, the resource will be delivered to the
staging area. The Incident Commander and (or) the Operations Sections Chief will be notified
that the requested resource is at the Staging Area ready for deployment.
V. ORGANIZATION and ASSIGNMENT of RESPONSIBILITIES
The organization of the Resource Management Function for Coshocton County has three levels.
Level 1 is for incidents in the county where there is a normal response and the incidents do not
generally require more than one operational period. The Coshocton County EOC is not
activated. The Resource Management for these incidents is the responsibility of the response
agencies and they will use the procedures per their agency Operating Procedure and Protocols.
Level 2 is for incidents where the County EOC is activated and the incident is confined to the
county. Each agency is still responsible for their Level I resources and any additional needs will
be directed to the activated County EOC. The needed resources can generally be obtained
through a source in the Emergency Resource Catalog or Mutual Aid Agreements with
surrounding Counties or local private organizations.
Level 3 is for incidents that involve an area greater than Coshocton County and an Area
Command ICS Structure is more than likely operational. The County EOC will be activated.
The request for additional resources from local Incident Commanders will still be directed to the
County EOC. The County EOC also has procedures for obtaining more and (or) specialized
resources from the State of Federal Governments.
VI. RESPONSIBILITIES
Incident Commander
Utilizes the resources on hand
Identifies any resources needed
Additional needs this operational period
Additional resources that will be needed next operational period
Identifies any special or expert resources that will be needed
Request assistance in obtaining the needed resources
Request resources through the State Fire Chief’s response system
Request resources through the Law Enforcement Assistance System
Request the Activated EOC obtain the resources needed
Director, Coshocton County EMA
Maintain an up-to-date Hazards Analysis for the County, including identifiable resource needs
-4-
RESOURCES
Maintain the Coshocton County Emergency Resource Catalog
Update the Emergency Resource Catalog annually
Coordinate with or act as the Resource Manager depending on the complexity of the incident
Resource Manager
To receive the request for resources
Obtain the needed resource per “IV Concept of Operations, Section E Obtaining Resources”
section of this Annex.
Receive and deliver the obtained resource to the staging area.
Notify the Incident Commander and (or) the Operations Section Chief the resource is at the
staging area ready for deployment
Maintain all necessary documentation
Chief of each Fire Department
Responsibility to maintain an up-to-date inventory of available resources at their stations.
Up-date the inventory annually or when there has been a major change
Have written procedures for obtaining support through the Ohio Fire Response Plan
Have written procedures for receiving resources requested
Have written procedures for returning requested resources
Coshocton County Sheriff
Have written procedures for obtaining support from the Ohio Law
Enforcement Association Response Plan
West Lafayette Police Chief
Have written procedures for requesting support from the Coshocton County Sheriff’s
Department
Coshocton County EMS Director
-5-
RESOURCES
County, City, Villages, Townships
VII. DIRECTION and CONTROL
See Basic Plan
VIII. CONTINUITY of OPERATIONS
While the Continuity of Operations for the Resource Management Function is not addressed
directly as a line item in the EMA COOP. The Resource Management function is described as
an integral part of the EOC operations and the EMA COOP addresses the continuation of the
EMA Function. Thus, there is no requirement for additional plans.
IX. ADMINISTRATION and LOGISTICS
General
The purpose of this section is to provide procedures for purchasing resources as needed for
emergencies to allow the county to provide for health and safety during an emergency situation.
There must be a Declaration of Emergency by a local government agency.
The on hand resources of the declaring agency have been utilized and (or) not available
Purchasing Authority
For Coshocton County, the County Commissioners are the Chief Executive Officials with the
authority to commit and authorize emergency expenditures.
For the City of Coshocton, the City Mayor is the Chief Executive Official with the authority to
commit and authorize emergency expenditures.
For the Villages, the Village Mayors are the Chief Executive Officials with the authority to
commit and authorize emergency expenditures
For the Townships, the Township Trustees are the Chief Executive Officials with the authority to
commit and authorize emergency expenditures.
Purchasing Procedures
Each of these of the above governments have procedures for routine and emergency
expenditures and each will follow their own in approving purchasing of resources needed under
their declaration of an emergency.
Coshocton County
Routine Procedure (non emergency)
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An agency identifies the need for a resource
A quote is requested from a vendor(s)
A Vendor is selected and the price determined
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RESOURCES
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A vendor number is required and must be obtained before the P.O. can be processed
The agency determines which budget line to use and that the funds to purchase the
resource are available
A Purchase Order is generated by the agency and signed and dated by an authorized
person
The Coshocton County Auditor’s Office assigns a Purchase Order number and encumbers
the funds
The agency orders the resource (phone, mail, e-mail, or fax)
The resource is received
The Invoice for the resource is received
The agency completes the voucher section of the Purchase Order form and an authorized
person signs the voucher
The Auditor’s office processes the voucher and writes a check and mails it to the Vendor
A record of each step is maintained by the requesting agency and the Coshocton County
Auditor’s Office
Emergency Procedures (short term notice of emergency purchase)
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The Coshocton County EOC must be activated
A resource is identified as being needed by the Incident Commander to continue the
response to a disaster situation
The EOC Resource Manager determines if there is a source for the resource to come from:
A local government agency,
Through a Mutual Aid Agreement,
Through the State of Ohio EMA,
Or, a source identified in the Coshocton County Emergency Resource Catalog
If the resource is available form one of the sources identified above, the cost of the
resource will be determined at this time (Obtain a quote)
The Resource Manager will confer with one or more of the following to determine where the
funds will be obtained to purchase the resource. An Emergency Appropriation by the
Coshocton County Commissioners may be required. (See Controlled and Sensitive
Information Document for 24 hour contact information)
Emergency Management Director
EOC Lead Coordinator
Coshocton County Commissioners
Coshocton County Auditor
A determination is made to order the resource
A Purchase Order is generated by the Resource Manager providing as much information as
possible about the resource
All Purchase Orders processed under this emergency provision must use the Coshocton
County Emergency Management Agency name and address (this provides the continuity
for completing the process after the incident is closed)
Coshocton County EMA
724 South 7th Street – Lower Level
B-115 - Emergency
Coshocton, OH 43812
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A vendor number is required and if the vendor is listed in the county data base it must be
included on the Purchase Order
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RESOURCES
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If the vendor number is not in the data base, the Purchase Order can be processed without
this number (Purchase Order Number assigned). However, the vendor number must be
obtained on the next working day of the Auditor’s Office.
The Coshocton County Auditor’s Office assigns a Purchase Order Number. There is a
telephone number in the Controlled and Sensitive Information Document for obtaining a
Purchase Order number 24 hours a day.
The Resource Manager orders the resource (phone, mail, e-mail, or fax). The P.O. number
must be provided to the vendor at the time the order is placed.
The resource is received, evaluated, and deployed,
Evaluation of a resource will consist of determining, if the resource is what was ordered, the
condition the resource, the time of receipt, the time of deployment, and who received the
resource. A written report of this evaluation will be made and attached to the file on this
purchase.
At this point in the process, the requirements are processed by the Emergency
Management Agency using normal procedures,
The Invoice for the resource is received,
The Emergency Management Agency completes the voucher section of the Purchase
Order form and an authorized person signs the voucher,
The completed voucher and the original invoice is sent to the Coshocton county Auditor’s
Office
The Auditor’s Office processes the voucher and writes a check and mails it to the Vendor.
A record of each step is maintained by the Resource Manager (Emergency Management
Agency).
City of Coshocton
Routine Procedure (non emergency)
Emergency Procedures (short term notice of emergency purchase)
Villages (If there is a declaration by a Village, the Resource Manager will need to work with the
village Mayors to determine how to address this issue
Townships (If there is a declaration by a Township, the Resource Manager will need to work
with the Township Fiscal Officer to determine how to address this issue
X. PLAN DEVELOPMENT and MAINTENANCE
It is the responsibility of the Coshocton County Emergency Management Director to insure the
Coshocton County Emergency Resource Catalog and the Resource Annex to the county EOP
are updated at least annually.
XI. AUTHORITIES and REFERENCES
The EMA Director has been assigned the responsibility and authority as assigned under
Sections 5502.21 - .99 of the Ohio Revised Code
The Resource Manager is assigned by the EMA Director or EOC Coordinator and functions
under the authorities delegated to the EMA Director
All other positions will exercise the authorities that have been provided to them by the position
they hold.
XII. ADDENDUM
Tab 1 - Donation Management
Tab 2 - Volunteer Management
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RESOURCES
Tab 3 - List of Mutual Aid Agreements, Resolutions and Memorandums of Understanding
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RESOURCES
XIII. AUTHENTICATION
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RESOURCES
Tab 1 - Donation Management
This section is in development.
Amy Hasseman and the United Way June 2007
The donations coordinator will work with the Red Cross to address individual and family needs.
If the need arises, the donations coordinator may assign a volunteer coordinator to handle the
possible influx of volunteers.
The Coshocton County Red Cross shall serve as the clearinghouse for all monetary donations
related to the disaster. Donated items not used will be given to local charities.
The donation coordinator and the Red Cross coordinator will communicate needs with
neighboring districts and establish contacts at the state level to meet material needs.
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RESOURCES
Tab 2 - Volunteer Management
A. Definition of the Volunteer Reception Center (VRC)
A Volunteer Reception Center is a temporary location where trained workers process
volunteers who have responded to an emergency or media ad for emergency workers.
The Coshocton VRC is an integrated processing center meaning that spontaneous,
unaffiliated volunteers and certified volunteers will be processed through the same center
when needed. Certified volunteers currently include Medical Reserve Corps and registered
Citizen Corps volunteers.
B. Process for Activation of the Volunteer Reception Center
1. The EOC Manager is responsible to activate the VRC.
Typically, the VRC is activated after the EOC is activated.
2. The EOC Manager will notify the VRC Coordinator and communicate the following:
○ Where the center will be located.
○ Estimated time the center will need to be opened.
○ What skills will be needed initially.
3. The VRC Lead Coordinator will initiate the phone call down list and advise team
members of the place and time to setup the center.
4. Designated team members will pick up supplies stored in the off site County building.
The supplies include signs and operating supplies for the first half shift processing.
5. The VRC coordinator will communicate with the EOC by providing periodic status
information.
C. Processing details and responsibilities are documented in a manual entitled Ohio Citizens
Corps - Volunteer Reception Center, November 2006.
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RESOURCES
Tab 3 - List of Mutual Aid Agreements, Resolutions and Memorandums of Understanding
Originals of these documents are on file in the EMA Director’s office.
1. Mutual Aid Agreements
County
1 Guernsey
2 Holmes
3 Knox
4 Licking
5 Muskingum
6 Tuscarawas
Date
7/1 /1999
8/2006
8/2006
8/2006
4/1/1992
2/2002
Counties involved
Licking, Knox, Holmes, Tuscarawas, Guernsey and Muskingum
Aid agreement with six (6) surrounding counties
2. Coshocton County Resolutions
Number
2006 - 43
2002
1992 - 14
Subject
Mutual Aid
Mutual Aid
Mutual Aid
Date
8/2006
2/2002
4/1992
Counties Involved
Licking, Knox, Tuscarawas, Guernsey and Muskingum
Aid agreement with 6 surrounding counties
Licking, Knox, Holmes Tuscarawas
3. Memorandums of Understanding
Date
January 2007
Subject
Use of Fair Grounds for receiving, storing and distributing donated
emergency supplies
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DISASTER RECOVERY
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this annex is to document the steps and processes Coshocton County will take
to recover from an emergency / disaster by recovery of support services and removal of debris.
II. SITUATION
Local government has the primary responsibility for organizing recovery resources.
When resources within the county are exhausted, supplemental assistance maybe requested
from the State and Federal Government.
1. Damage Assessment
When Coshocton County is affected by an emergency / disaster, EMA will:
a. Conduct a check of reported damage areas along with an examination of the vicinity for other
unreported damage.
b. A Declaration of Emergency will be made by the County Commissioners or the local
jurisdiction after local resources have been exhausted and additional assistance is still needed.
c. The EMA and Red Cross have damage assessment teams that will assist homeowners,
renters, businesses, government and private-non-profit organizations with the damage
assessment form.
EMA will be the clearinghouse for all damage assessment forms. EMA will check each form to
ensure that all needed information is filled out and correct before submitting it to the Ohio
Emergency Management Agency (OEMA).
Within 12-36 hours of the disaster, the EMA will contact the OEMA and submit an initial damage
assessment report to include the specific state and / or federal assistance needed. Forms for
with damage assessment are found in the Handbook of Emergency Forms.
See Assistance Toolbox for the procedures and forms for damage assessment. The
publication, from Ohio EMA, is in the reference bookcase of the EOC.
2. Debris Management
The Debris Manager will manage and coordinate the Debris Management Team with assistance
from:
- county roads
Township Trustees
- township roads
Coshocton City Service Director
- Coshocton City streets
The Disaster Management Team coordinating removal with the EOC will set priorities based
upon location and situation.
First priority should be critical service facilities such as sheriff’s office, hospital, and fire
department.
Annex J Disaster Recovery 2007
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DISASTER RECOVERY
Second priority should be public facilities such as municipal buildings, water and sewer
treatment plants, power generation plants and airports.
This information will be provided to the public via radio, cable television, and newspapers.
County wide resources for debris removal:
Township trustees and township equipment
County employees and county equipment
Volunteers
Local contractors
Outside Coshocton County resources for debris removal:
Mutual aid agreements with surrounding counties
State resources:
Ohio Department of Transportation,
Ohio Health Department and
National Guard
Federal resources:
FEMA
Special Debris Removal Considerations for:
Drainage structures
Reservoirs
Natural streams
Roadways
Recreational and wilderness Areas
Public buildings
Private buildings
Health hazards
Appearance nuisance
Environment compliance
All agencies involved with the restoration of public utilities should keep in mind the
consequences of their actions when dealing with the preservation of historical property,
buildings, and monuments.
The EMA director:
Assist with identification of priority infrastructure facilities, i.e. Sheriff, fire, hospital buildings
Coordination of recovery resources
Sourcing for new resources when needed
Public Works coordinator
Develop the priority task list with help from the Damage Assessment Teams
Provide a continuous communication to the EMA Director for status, new requirements, and
areas ready for reentry.
Red Cross:
Assess damage to owners, renters, businesses and governmental property owners.
Assist with form completion for form filers.
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DISASTER RECOVERY
Damage Assessment Team:
Identification of priority infrastructure objects
Assess damage to owners, renters, businesses and governmental property owners.
Assist with form completion for form filers.
Township and county resources:
Clear roads
Collection and transportation of debris
County Health Department:
Identification of Temporary Debris Storage and Reduction Sites (TDSR) debris holding
areas for: trees, building materials, and household waste.
Identify structures that are damaged and unsafe
Inspect water and waste facilities to be certain they are safe before resuming operations.
(Forty percent of the county's population has private wells and septic systems.)
Fire Departments
Identify structures that are damaged and unsafe
The Public Works Coordinator
Coordinate work with utility (gas, electric, telephone, cable) companies to establish
restoration priorities. See the Emergency Reference Directory for listing of utilities
and contact information.
V DOCUMENTATION
It will be the responsibility of public entities to prepare their own documentation and forward it to
the EMA Office consolidation prior to being sent to Ohio EMA. EMA will be responsible for
documentation within the EOC. Each agency / organization should document costs incurred
from the beginning of the emergency. The documentation of all costs is extremely important.
Documentation should include:
• A summary of the incident (what, when, where, why, how it happened)
• Response actions taken
• Who responded
• Economic Impact
• Equipment expenses
• Labor expenses
• Supply expenses
• Lessons Learned
Documentation may be used as historical record, to address insurance needs, assist in cost
recovery, and develop future mitigation efforts. The EMA will acquire all documentation and
prepare an official summary of the disaster for the historical record of the county.
VI. PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
See Basic Plan, Section 2.3 Plan Development and Maintenance
VII. AUTHORITIES AND REFERENCES
Assistance Toolbox Ohio Emergency Management Agency August 20, 2005
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DISASTER RECOVERY
FEMA Policy and Guidelines for Public Assistance
www.fema.gov/rrr/pa/9523_13.shtm
9523.13 Debris Removal from Private Property (10/23/05)
VIII. ADDENDUM
Tab 1 - Debris Removal
Tab 2 - Ohio EPA Information / Debris Management Contacts
Tab 3 - Debris Site Evaluation
Tab 4 - Contracting Office Responsibilities, Contract Types, Contract Monitoring
Tab 5 - Demolition Checklist - Public and Private Buildings
Tab 6 - Debris Reduction Information - (burning-grinding - chipping - recycling)
Tab 7 - Temporary Debris Storage and Reduction Site Closeout Checklist
Tab 8 - Damage Assessment Team
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DISASTER RECOVERY
XI AUTHENTICATION
______________________________________________
Fred Wachtel, Coshocton County Engineer
__________________________________________
_________________________
Dated
_______________________
Dated
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DISASTER RECOVERY
Tab 1 - Debris Removal
I. PURPOSE
This document will define roles, responsibilities, and procedures and provide guidance for
development and implementation of actions involved in managing debris removal.
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Local government is the first to respond to a disaster.
Response efforts are first directed to activities that protect lives, public health and safely, such
as evacuations, sheltering, utility restoration and clearing of debris from roads and other areas.
Public works departments will be responsible for the debris removal function from roadways and
work in conjunction with other support agencies such as utility companies, litter control, waste
management, trucking companies and contractors to facilitate debris clearance, reduction, and
disposal following a disaster.
The Coshocton County Litter Control Program Manager will manage and coordinate debris
management in time of disaster.
The Coshocton County Engineer is responsible for debris removal function from county
highways. Township Trustees are responsible for township road clearance. The Coshocton City
Service Director has responsibilities for the City of Coshocton streets. The operations element
of the debris management program will focus on three phases.
1. Mud, sediment and debris removal from roads and streets
2. Household debris
3. Building demolition debris
This phased approach is a four-step cycle that includes
Normal operations,
Increased readiness,
Response and
Recovery.
1. Increased readiness in some instances will allow for a period of warning. In this case, time
may be available to alert personnel and ensure roles and responsibilities are understood.
Review existing resources, and other debris management activities.
2. Response to a disaster is a very important step for setting the tone on how the recovery will
go. The Debris Management Team should coordinate from the EOC. Removal priorities should
be set due to the situation and location. Debris could include fallen trees, limbs, trash, furniture,
food waste, scrap tires, utility poles, wires, vehicles, building materials, hazardous materials,
infectious materials, animal carcasses, silt and mud, etc.
First priority should be the roadways that allow ingress and egress to the critical public
facilities such as fire stations, sheriff's office, hospital, and other critical facilities.
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DISASTER RECOVERY
Second priority affects other essential, but not critical facilities such as schools, municipal
buildings, water treatment plant, wastewater treatment plant, power generation units,
airports, temporary shelters for disaster victims, etc.
3. Recovery of the debris management cycle includes actions to complete the debris removal,
reduction, and disposal activities, based on damage assessment of the disaster.
Actions necessary for recovery from debris-generating events include:
a. Public Property Rights-Of-Way Debris Removal: Debris deposited on public lands including
the right-of-way will be the responsibility of local government. In some cases, where a health
and/or safety threat exists, private property owners may move event-related debris to the public
right-of-way for removal by government forces. Government forces or volunteers may assist
private property owners if necessary to remove event-related debris that poses a health and/or
safety threat.
b. Private Property Debris Removal: Debris deposited on private property is the responsibility of
the property owner. The plan must include procedures for notifying the public of debris removal
schedules. The key is to provide all information regarding pickup times and locations for private
property owners so that debris removal activities proceed efficiently. The county should also
provide instructions to the property owners for separation of debris and steps to follow if they
are unable to put debris from their property on the curbside or other area for pickup. The county,
township, city or village may utilize volunteers or volunteer groups to assist property owners.
Debris removal operations will usually include curbside pickup service, which will be conducted
either by the local public works or by a contractor. Contractors operate under contracts such as
time and materials, unit price or lump sum. Public employees and contractors will pick up debris
and haul it to either a temporary debris removal site or a regulated waste facility.
c. Hazardous Waste Removal: Procedures for handling hazardous waste removed from
commercial operations must meet criteria set by the Federal and State environmental protection
agencies to ensure proper removal and disposal of hazardous waste has been made.
Procedures for establishing separate staging areas for hazardous waste must be set to include
lining with an impermeable material so chemicals do not leak into the groundwater and soil.
d. Locations of Existing Facilities: Facility locations Temporary Debris Storage and Reduction
sites (TSDR) would include landfills, transfer facilities, scrap tire storage areas, composting
facilities and recycling facilities. Alternative sites need to be identified in case of interruption of
normal operations impacted by the disaster. Qualified contractors who assist in debris removal
are listed in the Emergency Resource Catalog.
In some cases, disaster response activities will require entering private property to remove
debris that is a threat to the health and safety of occupants. The county, township, city and
villages will evaluate and select locations on government owned property, if possible, to take the
debris.
MUTUAL AID AGREEMENTS - exist between the County Commissioners and other
surrounding county commissioners to assist each other in time of emergency and need. These
resources can be used to quickly augment local forces, however, in many instances disasters
affect more than one county and those other affected counties may have their resources and
equipment committed. In most cases these type disasters would require a declaration and more
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DISASTER RECOVERY
assistance from outside sources might be available such as National Guard and other volunteer
groups such as i.e., Citizens Conservation Corp.
VOLUNTEERS - historically have played a significant role in large-scale debris removal
operations. Volunteer organizations can assist private property owners and may provide some
financial assistance in the removal of debris from private property if approached. Additionally,
community civic groups may also rise to the occasion.
To provide for maximum utilization of these resources, community leaders need be prepared to
organize volunteer groups and keep the debris management staff informed of their activities.
Documentation of volunteers must be accounted for as to who they are, who they represent,
what their assignment is, what time they work, and when do they stop work. Sponsoring
organizations should ensure that personnel are properly equipped and that common sense
safety precautions are followed.
LOCAL CONTRACTORS - can provide labor and equipment for debris clearance. Removal and
disposal should or can be made available from Coshocton area contractors. Following a major
disaster, emergency contracts can be executed to augment local account resources.
Immediately following a disaster, engineering personnel on the debris management staff should
explore alternative management staff and courses of action.
BEYOND LOCAL CAPABILITIES - Coshocton County could have an incident that overwhelms
their capability to respond. The State Emergency Management Agency would be the next level
of assistance by declaring that Coshocton County would be in a state of emergency. The EMA
Director, through the County Commissioners, or Mayor of a village, if incident were contained to
that jurisdiction only, would declare. That declaration would go to the State EMA and then on to
the Governor. If a Presidential Declaration is warranted, the Governor would ask for the Federal
level of assistance.
STATE RESOURCES - Many state resources may be utilized in time of disaster depending on
whether there is a county declaration. Those could be resources from the Ohio Department of
Transportation, Ohio Health Department and the Ohio National Guard.
FEDERAL RESOURCES - Resources from the Federal level could assist local efforts once a
Federal Declaration has been made. A Federal Coordinating Officer is appointed who is
responsible for coordinating all Federal disaster assistance programs administered by FEMA,
other Federal agencies and voluntary organizations. The work that can be performed under this
authority is limited to emergency work and debris removal under Sections 402 (4), 403 and 407
of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief Act.
FEMA debris eligibility funds may be used for debris clearance, removal and disposal
operations. Debris that may be eligible for clearance, removal, and disposal operations could
include trees, gravel, building wreckage, vehicles and personal property. The debris must be a
direct result of the declared event, must occur within the designated time of the disaster and
must be the responsibility of the applicant at the time of disaster. Debris removal may be eligible
for Federal funding when it:
• Eliminates immediate threats to lives, public health and safety
• Eliminates immediate threats of significant damage to improved public / private property;
• Ensures economic recovery of the affected areas to the benefit of the community-at-large
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DISASTER RECOVERY
DEBRIS REMOVAL FROM PUBLIC PROPERTY ELIGIBILITY FOR FUNDS - Debris that is on
public property must be removed to allow continued safe operation of government functions.
Debris that is blocking streets and roadways is a threat to public health and safety because it
blocks passage of emergency vehicles or blocks access to emergency facilities such as the
hospitals.
Debris in a stream or flood channel may cause flooding in the future. If such flooding would
cause an immediate threat of damage to improved property, removal of the debris only to the
extent necessary to protect against an event that could reasonably be eligible. Removal of fallen
trees in a forested or wilderness area is not eligible.
DEBRIS REMOVAL FROM PRIVATE PROPERTY - Private property is treated differently from
public property. Debris removal is the responsibility of the individual property owner, aided by
insurance settlements and assistance from volunteer agencies or groups. FEMA assistance
does not reimburse private property owners for cost of removal from their property. However,
local efforts may provide a curb or roadside pick up at no cost to the property owner.
If the debris on private business and residential property is so widespread that public health,
safety, or economic recovery of the community is threatened, the actual removal of debris from
private property may be eligible.
DEBRIS REMOVAL FROM DRAINAGE STRUCTURES may have to meet certain criteria as
follows:
Reservoirs - Removal of disaster-related debris from reservoirs may be eligible if evidence
is provided FEMA that the reservoirs were regularly cleaned prior to the disaster and the
pre-disaster level may be established. In addition, removal of debris that poses an
immediate threat of clogging or damaging intake or adjacent structures may be eligible.
Natural Streams - Debris removal from natural streams normally are not eligible for
assistance. Only debris that causes a threat to lives or public health and safety or damage
to improved property from an event that could be reasonably expected to occur within 5
years is eligible. Any work in natural streams must also be closely reviewed and monitored
to minimize undesirable environmental effects. This type of work often requires a Clean
Water Act — Section 404 permit from the United Stated Corps of Engineers, (USACE). The
Natural Resources Conservation Service also has authority to clear streams of debris.
Engineered Channel of Debris Basins - may have debris removed from engineered
channels, lines or unlined and debris basins may be eligible. Knowing the predisaster level
of debris in the channel or basin is required in determining the amount of disaster-related
debris. A schedule of regular debris removal would also be needed to be eligible.
DEBRIS REMOVAL FROM ROADWAYS - Debris may be removed from roads and highways,
including the travel lanes and shoulders, roadside ditches and drainage structures and
maintained right-of-way. Clearance from Federal-aid roads and highways follow these criteria
except when the Emergency Relief (ER) program of the Federal highway Administration,
(FHWA) is activated. For highways being repaired by the ER program of FHWA, the debris is
removed as part of that work. Even when the ER program is activated for an area, FHWA
assistance is granted only for portions of the road actually damaged by the disaster. Debris on
undamaged sections of highway may be eligible for FEMA assistance.
DEBRIS REMOVAL FROM RECREATIONAL AND WILDERNESS AREAS - The removal of
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DISASTER RECOVERY
debris from public parks and recreational areas used by the public is eligible when it affects
public health or safety or proper utilization of such facilities. Trees that are unstable are eligible
for removal only when it affects public health or safety or proper utilization of such facilities as
golf courses and parks.
FEMA BUILDING DEMOLITION CRITERIA - Public assistance funds may be used for
demolition and removal of resulting debris under authority of Section 403, Essential Assistance,
of the Stafford Act. This section allows for the demolition of unsafe structures that pose an
immediate threat to life, property, or public health and safety.
HEALTH AND SAFETY - Primary responsibility for demolition of unsafe structures lies with the
owner. Most insurance policies have a clause that provides payment for demolishing houses
that are damaged beyond repair. The applicant must certify that no insurance exists that would
pay for demolition if the owner is not capable of paying for such work and there is no opportunity
to recoup the cost from the owner. If permission for demolition is not provided, the applicant
must follow legal condemnation. The applicant must obtain right of entry and hold harmless
agreements prior to the start of work. The ownership of the property remains in the hands of the
original owner.
ATTRACTIVE NUISANCE - This refers to private structures that are found to be structurally
sound but require extensive repair. These are not normally eligible for demolition. This
responsibility lies with the owner. The applicant must certify that the structure is a health and
safety threat to the public if the owners have no insurance or are not capable of paying for such
work. Applicant must obtain rights of entry and hold harmless agreements prior to the start of
work.
Eligible work under this category is limited to securing the perimeter of the structure to prevent
entrance into the structure and may include fencing where necessary. FEMA can provide
funding for materials (plywood or fencing) and labor as part of the project description to secure
the structures from access. It must meet the need to protect life and safety.
HEALTH HAZARDS - The project description on the report should include the cost of cleaning
or removing items such as household hazardous waste, debris, food, chemical hazards,
freezers, and refrigerators that may contain Freon and other items that may represent a health
hazard. This applicant must certify that no insurance exists that would pay for this work and that
they are not capable of paying for such work. This applicant must also obtain rights of entry and
hold harmless agreements prior to the start of the work.
TEMPORARY DEBRIS STORAGE AND REDUCTION (TDSR) SITE - The Coshocton County,
townships, city and villages need to evaluate and select locations that may be used as TDSR
sites. Preference should be given to public property rather than private property. The following
issues will be addressed during normal operations for a TDSR site.
• Location: Care should be taken in selection of TDSR sites. Land use, proximity to housing
and other factors that may impact the use of the site should be taken into account.
• Operations: Monitoring receipt of debris and verifying types of debris received are critical
functions for successful operation of a TDSR site.
• Closeout: In order to close out a TDSR site, care should be taken to restore the site to its
original condition in an environmentally friendly and timely manner. Included in the attachments
to this document. See Tab 6 - Temporary Debris Storage and Reduction Site Closeout
Checklist for a checklist for site closeout.
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DISASTER RECOVERY
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE - Following a disaster event, compliance with environmental
protection laws and regulations is still required. Federal and State Environmental Protection
Agencies and local Health Departments (Coshocton City or County) should be consulted for
applicable regulatory requirements.
DOCUMENTATION - Documentation of debris management activities is important for potential
reimbursement of costs. In addition, documentation is important to record activities performed
and authorizations granted, and to develop a historical record for updating plans.
Documentation of activities is the responsibility of those performing work, as well as those who
provide oversight and direction. At a minimum, documentation needs to address the following:
• Labor, equipment, rental fees and material costs
• Mutual-aid agreement expenses
• Use of volunteered resources, including labor
• Administrative expenses
• Disposal costs
• Types of debris collected and mounts of each type, i.e., tin, aluminum, plastic, wood,
glass, etc.
DEBRIS MANAGER - Coshocton County’s debris manager is the Director of Coshocton County
Litter Control. His responsibility is for operations, planning, logistics, and finance involved in
debris management activities from county and township property. Financial obligation for debris
removal from privately generated debris moved to a TDSR site or any area declared a state or
federal disaster area is waived.
PUBLIC INFORMATION - The Coshocton County Public Information Officer is responsible for
providing information and guidance to the public regarding debris management activities. The
PlO duties will include developing informational bulletins, radio and television announcements,
door hangers and news releases. That information will include:
• Segregating hazardous waste
• Placing debris at curbside
• Keeping debris piles away from fire hydrants and valves
• Reporting illegal dumping
• Segregating recyclable materials
The public must be informed on debris removal activities, such as:
• Debris pick-up schedules
• Location of TDSR site
• Disposal methods and compliance with Environmental Protection Agency regulations
• Restrictions and penalties for illegal dumps
There are questions that will arise from residents including the following:
• What if I cannot pay for debris removal from my property?
• What if I am unable to bring the debris to the curb or roadside for pickup?
OPERATIONS
The Debris Manager will serve as an operations officer. The Debris Manager will work with other
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DISASTER RECOVERY
agencies to coordinate resources for debris removal. The operations section directs activities
for: the county engineer, township trustees, health departments, and contracted services.
The Department of Public Works roles include, but are not limited to:
• Implementing the debris management plan
• Deploying supplies and tracking of equipment
• Estimating supplies needed
• Developing debris removal priorities
• Developing strategies for debris removal
The Department of Solid Waste Management roles include, but not limited to:
• Removing debris from public property
• Transporting debris to TDSR site
• Managing and monitoring operations at the TDSR site
• Operating debris reduction sites
• Ensuring all debris is transported to the appropriate TDSR site or regulated waste facility
The Contractor's role includes, but is not limited to:
• Removing debris from public/private property
PLANNING
Preplanning is needed for gathering information about the incident, maintaining equipment logs,
tracking use of personnel, and providing information to the debris manager. The Emergency
Management Director will assist the Debris Manager to ensure that these responsibilities are
carried out.
Departments that need to be assisting with debris removal planning would be the County
Engineering Department, Legal Department and Environmental Compliance.
The Engineering Department responsibilities include, but are not limited to:
• Conducting debris assessments
• Develop cost estimates and scopes of work for public employees and contractors
• Evaluating options for recycling/reducing/disposing debris.
• Evaluating/selecting locations for TDSR site
The Legal Department responsibilities include, but are not limited to:
• Developing and reviewing all contracts
• Securing all authorizations necessary for debris removal activities
• Ensuring compliance with all environmental and historical preservation
laws / regulations / policies
• Reviewing rights-of-entry and hold harmless agreements
• Reviewing private property insurance information and other assets to ensure benefits and
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DISASTER RECOVERY
resources are fully utilized
The Environmental Compliance responsibilities include, but are not limited to:
• Coordinating with State and Federal agencies, such as EPA and the Ohio Historic
Preservation Office to ensure compliance with environmental and historic preservation
• Determining environmental monitoring and reporting requirements for TDSR site
• Maintaining records for historical purposes
LOGISTICS
Logistics is responsible for establishing and maintaining any facilities designated for debris
management activities. This includes food, office supplies, communications devices, equipment,
personnel, and any other necessary supplies, communications devices, equipment, personnel,
and other supplies necessary for debris management activities. A Logistics Officer should be
designated to coordinate procurement of needed supplies.
FINANCE
A Finance Officer should be assigned to oversee all financial issues resulting from the debris
management activities. Monies should be available for equipment, supplies, and all other
expenses. Under the Finance Section, is organized the Contract and Procurement Department
and Fiscal Administration.
The Contract and Procurement Department duties include, but are not limited to:
• Setting bidding requirement if necessary
• Developing forms
• Advertising for bids if necessary
• Instruction to bidders
• Developing contracts if necessary
• Documenting all costs for debris removal activities
The Fiscal Administrative staff duties include, but are not limited to:
• Keeping records of financial transactions for reimbursement of debris removal activities.
• Funding of debris removal activities
IV. ORGANIZATION ROLES AND ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES
Normal Operations
During normal operations (before a disaster) the county must be aware that the following issues
must be addressed to ensure preparedness for debris generating events. The responsibilities
for normal operations include, but are not limited to:
1. Engineering Department
• Evaluating options for recycling/reducing/disposing of debris
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DISASTER RECOVERY
2. Legal Department
• Development and review all contracts
3. Contract and Procurement Department
• Developing forms for use in debris removal operations
• Developing contracts
• Managing and monitoring operations at he TDSR site
CONTRACTOR
• Removing debris from public/private property
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
• Conducting debris assessments
• Develop cost estimates and scopes of work for public employees and contractors
• Evaluating options for recycling / reducing / disposing of debris
• Evaluate and select locations for TDSR site
LEGAL DEPARTMENT
• Develop and review all contract(s)
• Secure all authorizations necessary for debris removal activities
• Ensuring compliance with all environmental and historic preservation laws / regulations /
policies
• Review private property insurance information and other assets to ensure benefits and
resource are fully utilized
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE
• Coordinate with State and Federal agencies, such as EPA and the Ohio Historic
Preservation Office to ensure compliance with environmental and historic preservation
• Maintain records for historical purposes
CONTRACT AND PROCUREMENT DEPARTMENT
• Setting bidding requirements
• Advertise for bids
• Instruct bidders
• Develop contracts
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DISASTER RECOVERY
• Document all costs for debris removal activities
RECOVERY
The magnitude of the event will determine the degree to which recycling / reduction / disposal
actions take place in either the response or recovery phase. The responsibilities of each
department during the recovery phase include, but are not limited to:
DEPARTMENT OF SOLID WASTE
• Removing debris from public property
• Managing and monitoring operations at the TDSR site
CONTRACTOR
• Removing debris from public / private property
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
• Evaluating options for recycling / reducing / disposing debris
LEGAL DEPARTMENT
• Ensuring compliance with all environmental and historic preservation laws / regulations /
policies
• Maintain records for historical purposes
CONTRACT AND PROCUREMENT DEPARTMENT
• Setting bidding requirements
• Advertising for bids
• Instructing bidders
• Develop contracts
• Documenting all costs for debris removal activities
Each Coshocton County department of government that is part of the debris management team
shall follow their line of succession in documenting the authorities for the key personnel
succession. Each department must preserve records and develop procedures to deploy
essential personnel, equipment and supplies upon request.
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DISASTER RECOVERY
The Coshocton County EMA Director conducts administration of the emergency management
activities in Coshocton County. For debris management, the services of the debris management
manager (Litter Control) would be utilized to accomplish debris management activities. This
would include from the response part of the event until the recovery end. It can be assumed that
many situations would require the assistance of outside agencies that would come from at least
the state level.
SUPPLEMENTAL ASSISTANCE
The purpose of this section is addressed in other portions of this plan. However, specific points
relating to debris management and removal are covered within this section of the plan. The
Coshocton County Emergency Management Agency may request supplemental assistance
through the Ohio Emergency Management Agency. Such requests take place when local or
county resources are exhausted and the county has been declared. If state resources are
exhausted or not available, additional assistance may be requested from the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) under the Federal Response Plan.
Mission Assignments for State and Federal Levels
A mission assignment is a work order for a State or Federal agency to complete a specific
assignment in anticipation of, or in response to, a governor’s or presidential declaration of an
emergency or major disaster.
State Mission Assignments
1. Direct State Assistance applies to emergency debris removal work and reflects the need to
address a health and/or safety threat. Debris activities that are eligible for Direct State
Assistance include:
• Debris removal from critical roadways and facilities
• Debris removal from curbsides or from eligible facilities and hauling to either temporary or
permanent disposal sites
2. Technical assistance is available to local officials for a variety of tasks related to debris
planning. The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, and Ohio Emergency Management
Agency can provide technical assistance in the following areas:
• County debris management plan section
• Debris management site plans
• Contract / TDSR checklist
• Documentation aids (ex. Trip tickets)
STATE MISSION ASSIGNMENT PROCESS
• Coshocton County demonstrates work beyond capability of resources through situation /
damage assessment
• Coshocton County Emergency Management Agency makes request to the Ohio
Emergency Management Agency for supplemental assistance
• State assigns mission to the state agency
• State provides a liaison to the county
• State agency accomplishes mission
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DISASTER RECOVERY
STATE AGENCIES THAT COULD ASSIST WITH DEBRIS REMOVAL ACTIVITIES
• Ohio Department of Transportation
• Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
• Ohio Department of Health
• Ohio State Highway Patrol
• Ohio Emergency Management Agency
• Ohio Department of Natural Resources
• Ohio National Guard
• Ohio Department of Corrections
FEDERAL MISSION ASSIGNMENT (in accordance with 44CFR, 206.208)
Direct Federal Assistance applies only to emergency work (debris removal and emergency
protective measures) and must meet general Federal Emergency Management Agency
eligibility criteria. Debris activities that are eligible for Direct Federal Assistance include:
• Debris removal from critical roadways and facilities
• Debris removal from curbsides or from eligible facilities and hauling to either temporary or
permanent sites
• Identification, design, operation, and closeout of the debris management sites
• Monitoring debris contractor’s activities
• Demolition or removal of disaster damaged structures and facilities in accordance with
Federal Emergency Management Agency regulations and policies
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE applies when a state or county lacks technical knowledge or
expertise to accomplish an eligible task. The Federal Emergency Management Agency will then
request technical assistance from the appropriate Federal agency in the Federal Response
Plan. Eligible technical assistance includes:
• Assistance in developing an overall debris management plan
• Assistance in developing a debris management site plans
• Assistance in developing monitoring plans
• Assistance in developing contract guidelines
• Assistance in developing and implementing trip tickets processes
FEDERAL MISSION ASSIGNMENT PROCESS
• State demonstrates work beyond county and state capabilities
• State makes request to Federal Emergency Management Agency for assistance
• Federal Emergency Management Agency assigns mission to Federal agency
• Federal Emergency Management Agency provides a Project Monitor
• Federal Agency conducts assignment
• Federal Agency bills the Federal Emergency Management Agency
• State is informed of the cost-share
• State reimburses the Federal Emergency Management Agency for non-federal share
AGENCIES THAT MAY BE ASSIGNED MISSIONS FROM THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT (according to 44 CFR 206.208)
• Federal Highway Administration
• United States Department of Agriculture
• Environmental Protection Agency
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DISASTER RECOVERY
• United States Army Corps of Engineers
• United States Coast Guard
VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATIONS ACTIVE IN DISASTER - Included in the supplemental
assistance are volunteer organizations. Volunteer organizations may provide assistance for
debris removal from private property. There is a wide range of Volunteer Organizations at the
local, state and Federal levels. The following is an incomplete list of organizations:
• Civic Groups
• Student Organizations
• Church Organizations
• Salvation Army
• Mennonite Services
• Catholic Relief Services
• American Red Cross
For additional contact information for Volunteers of America in Disasters, (V.O.A.D.) and
Seventh Day Adventists, see Voluntary Organizations in the Emergency Reference Directory.
Refer to the Basic Plan, the Plan Development and Maintenance Section
Student Manual - Debris Management Course 202
Debris Management Fact Sheet - OEMA
Sample Debris Management Plan October 2002
Debris Removal Plan, Lincoln County, Missouri - E202 Exercise
ADDENDUM
Tab 4 - Demolition Checklist
Tab 5 - Debris Reduction Information - (burning, grinding, chipping, recycling)
Tab 6 - Temporary Debris Storage and Reduction Site Closeout Checklist
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DISASTER RECOVERY
X. AUTHENTIFICATION
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DISASTER RECOVERY
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DISASTER RECOVERY
SITE EVALUATION
1. Site Ownership:
a) Use public lands to avoid costly leases and trespassing allegations. Use private land only
if public sites are unavailable.
2. Site Location:
a. Consider impact of noise, dust and traffic;
b. Consider pre-existing site conditions;
c. Look for good ingress/egress at site(s);
d. Consider impact on ground water;
e. Consider site size based on:
• Expected volume of debris to be collected;
• Planned volume reduction methods;
f. Avoid environmentally sensitive areas, such as:
• Wetlands;
• Rare and critical animals or plant species;
• Well fields and surface water supplies;
• Historical / archaeological sites;
• Sites near residential areas, schools, churches, hospitals and other sensitive areas.
g. Record the site/s chosen (pictures, videos).
3. Site Operations:
a. Use portable containers;
b. Separate types of waste as operations continue;
c. Monitor site at all times;
d. Perform on-going volume reduction (on site or removal for disposal / reduction);
e. Provide nuisance management (dust, noise, etc.);
f. Provide vector controls (rats, Insects, etc);
g. Provide special handling for hazardous materials;
h. Provide security (limit access);
i. Ensure appropriate equipment is available for site operations.
4. Site Closeout:
a. Remove all remaining debris to authorized locations;
b. Restore site to pre-use condition;
c. Record the site/s chosen (pictures, videos).
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DISASTER RECOVERY
CONTRACTING OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Determine the type of contracting needed to satisfy specific debris clearance, removal and
disposal requirements of an unusual and compelling urgency.
2. Determine if any purchasing and contracting requirements are waived as a result of the
disaster and subsequent dedications of emergency (See Ohio Revised Code 125.023).
3. Solicit bids; evaluate offers, award contracts, issue notices to proceed with all contract
assignments.
4. Supervise the full acquisition process for service and supply contracts and the oversight of
contract actions to ensure conformance to regulatory requirements.
5. Coordinate with the local Dept of Public Works and Dept. of Solid Waste Management staffs
and consult with legal counsel. The contracting office must take care to avoid the solicitation of
assistance from the general public and giving the impression that compensation will be provided
for such assistance. In general, this would be considered as volunteer actions, In addition, there
are a number of other issues involved with such as solicitation, including licensing, bonding,
insurance, the potential for the communities to incur liability in the event of injury or death,
supervision and certification of work done.
CONTRACT TYPES
1. Time and Materials Contracts may be used for short periods of time immediately after the
disaster to mobilize contractors for emergency removal efforts. They must have a dollar ceiling
or a not-to-exceed limit for hours (or both), and should be terminated immediately when this limit
Is reached. The contract should state that (a) the price for equipment applies only when
equipment is operating, (b) the hourly rate includes operator, fuel, maintenance, and repair, (c)
the community reserves the right to terminate the contract at its convenience, and (d) the
community does not guarantee a minimum number of hours.
2. Unit Price Contracts are based on weights (tons) or volume (cubic yards) of debris hauled,
and should be used when the scope of work is not well defined. They require close monitoring
of pick-up, hauling and dumping to ensure that quantities are accurate. Unit price contracts may
be complicated by the need to segregate debris for disposal.
3. Lump Sum Contracts establish the total contract price using a one-item bid from the
contractor. They should be used only when the scope of work is dearly defined, with areas of
work and quantities of material dearly identified. Lump sum contracts can be defined in one of
two ways: Area Method where the scope of work is based on a one-time clearance of a
specified area; and Pass Method where the scope of work is based on a certain number of
passes through a specified area, such as a given distance along a right-of-way.
CONTRACT MONITORING
The debris staff member should monitor the contractor's activities to ensure satisfactory
performance. Monitoring includes:
• Verification that all debris picked up is a direct result of the disaster;
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DISASTER RECOVERY
• Measurement and inspection of trucks to ensure they are fully loaded;
• On-site Inspection of pick-up areas, debris traffic routes, temporary storage sites, and
disposal areas;
• Verification that the contractor is working in its assigned contract areas;
• Verification that all debris reduction and disposal sites have access control and security.
See the Ohio Revised Code, Sections 125.023 307.86-.92,153.54, 153.57, 2921.01 and
2921.42 and supplementary rules and local ordinances for additional information pertaining to
competitive bidding.
Under a Presidential disaster declaration for the State of Ohio, the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) may provide assistance to state and local governments for costs
associated with debris removal operations. (Debris removal operations include collection, pickup, hauling, and disposal at a temporary site, segregation, reduction, and final disposal.) This
document provides information on the eligibility of debris removal operations for Public
Assistance funding.
General Work Eligibility: Determination of eligibility is a FEMA responsibility. Removal and
disposal of debris that is a result of the disaster, and is on public property, is eligible for Federal
assistance. Public property includes roads, streets, and publicly-owned facilities. Removal of
debris from parks and recreation areas is eligible when it affects public health and safety or
limits the use of those facilities.
Debris Removal from Private Property: Costs incurred by local governments to remove debris
from private property may be reimbursed by FEMA if it is pro-approved by the Federal Disaster
Recovery Manager, is a public health and safety hazard, and if the work is performed by an
eligible applicant, such as a municipal or county government. The cost of debris removal by
private individuals is not eligible under the Public Assistance Program; however, within a
specific time period, a private property owner may move disaster-related debris to the curbside
for pick-up by an eligible applicant. That time period will be established by FEMA in coordination
with the state government.
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DISASTER RECOVERY
Tab 4 - Demolition Checklist
A. Public and Private Buildings
The following checklist identifies key tasks that local officials should address before a public
structure is approved for demolition. To expedite the overall effort, many of the tasks can be
conducted concurrently.
• Provide copies of all ordinances that authorize the local officials to condemn privately owned
structures. The authority to condemn privately owned structures would probably have to be
accomplished by an ordinance other than one designed or enacted for the demolition of publicly
owned structures.
• The local officials should coordinate all lands, easements, and rights of way necessary for
accomplishing the approved work.
• Implement laws that reduce the time it takes to go from condemnation to demolition.
• Provide copies of all applicable permits required for demolition of subject structure(s).
• Provide copies of pertinent temporary well capping standards.
• Coordinate all pertinent site inspections with local, State, and Federal inspection team(s).
• Identify household hazardous waste materials prior to demolition.
• Segregate all household hazardous waste materials to a permitted facility prior to building
demolition.
• Notify the owner/and or renter of any and all site inspections.
• Verify that all personal property has been removed from public and/or structure(s).
• Immediately prior to demolition, verify that the building is unoccupied.
• Ensure that the property is properly posted.
• Provide a clear, concise and accurate property description and demolition verification.
• Include a Public Health official on the demolition inspection team.
• The inspection not only should evaluate the structural integrity of the building, but also must
demonstrate ” imminent and impending peril” to public health and safety.
• Provide photographs of the property and verify the address. Provide additional photographs of
the property taken immediately prior to and following demolition.
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DISASTER RECOVERY
B. Private Property Checklist
The following checklist identifies key tasks that local officials should address before the private
structure is approved for demolition. To expedite the overall effort, many of the tasks can be
conducted concurrently.
• Locate, mark, turn off, and disconnect all water and sewer lines.
• Locate, mark, turn off, and disconnect electrical, telephone, and cable television services.
• Provide executed right of entry agreements that have been signed by the owner and by renter,
if rented. Right of entry should indicate any known owner intent to rebuild to ensure foundation
and utilities are not damaged.
• Use radio, public meetings, and newspaper ads to give notice to property owners and their
renters to remove personal property in advance of demolition.
• Document the name of the owner on the title, the complete address, and legal description of
the property, and the source of this information. Document name of renter, if available.
• Ensure property will be vacated by demolition date.
• Provide written notice to property owners that clearly and completely describe the structures
designated for demolition. Additionally, provide a list that also identifies related structures, trees,
shrubs, fences, and other items to remain on the respective property.
• Notify mortgagor of record.
• Provide the property owner the opportunity to participate in decision on whether the
property can be repaired.
• Determine the existence and amount of insurance on the property prior to demolition.
• Specify procedures to determine when cleanup of property is completed.
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DISASTER RECOVERY
Tab 5 - Debris Reduction Information - (burning, grinding, chipping, recycling)
A. Reduction by burning
Uncontrolled open burning is the least desirable method of debris reduction because of the lack
of environmental control. In some cases this method may be used if a Department of Natural
Resources gives a permit.
Controlled open burning is a cost-effective way of reducing debris. Controlled open burning is
used when there is clean wood tree debris. The controlled burning allows the remaining ash left
over to be a soil additive if the Department of Agriculture or applicable local agency determines
it can be recycled. However, if there is any treated lumber, poles, nails, bolts, tin, aluminum
sheeting, or other building materials that enter the burning material, operations must stop
because of the possible hazards associated with the burning of materials.
Air curtain pit burning reduces environmental concerns open burning has by using a system that
produces high temperatures and reduces pollutants released into the atmosphere. However,
someone who is familiar with the operation of the system should use it. Experience has shown
many contractors are not familiar with the operation of it.
Refractor lined pit-burning uses a pre manufactured lined pit. A refractor-lined pit operates
under the same principal as the air curtain operating at high temperatures. The system allows
for the reduction of debris by 95%. Manufacturers claim that 25 tons per hour of reduction is
possible.
Environmental Controls
• Maintain at least 1000 feet between the burn pile and the debris piles. Also, maintain at least
1000 feet between burn piles and buildings.
• Extinguish the fire 2 hours before removal of ashes. Remove the ashes when they reach two
inches below the top of the bum pit.
• Establish a burn area of no wider than eight feet and between nine and fourteen feet deep.
• Construct burn-pit with limestone and reinforce them with anchors or wire mesh to support
loaders. Seal the bottom of the pit with limestone or clay to keep ash out of aquifers.
• Seal the ends of the pits with dirt or ash to 4 feet tall.
• Construct a twelve-inch dirt seal on the lip of the pit to seal the blower nozzle. Place the nozzle
three to six inches from the end of the pit.
• Construct one-foot high, unburnable stops along the edge of the pit to prevent the loaders from
damaging the pit.
• Never place any hazardous chemicals or materials within the incineration pit.
• Place the airflow so it hits two feet below the top edge of the pit and don’t allow the debris to
break airflow except for loading.
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DISASTER RECOVERY
• Construct the pit to no longer than the length of the blower system.
Reduction by grinding and chipping
• Strong winds and tornadoes present opportunity for a big grinding and chipping operation as
the method of debris reduction. The resulting product of the chipping and grinding operation
may be used as a landfill product, used as topsoil, or used for residential applications.
• Chipping operations are suitable in areas where streets are narrow or in groves of trees where
it is cheaper to reduce the vegetation to mulch and then return it to affected areas.
• The debris management task force should work with local environmental and agricultural
groups to see if there is any market for mulch.
• When contracting a mulching project the most important consideration is the specification of
the size of the mulch. The mulch also must remain free of paper and plastic if used for
agricultural purposes. The following information is for the use of mulch as a agricultural product:
• Average size of wood chips is not to exceed four inches in length and one half inch in
diameter. The debris reduction rate for moderately contaminated debris is 100 to 150 cubic
yards per hour and when the debris is relatively a clean it is 200 to 250 cubic yards per
hour. Contaminants: The contamination rate for material other than wood products should
be less then ten percent of the mulch. Eliminate plastics completely. Use rake loaders to
pickup debris because normal loaders pick up earth, which is part of the contaminant list
and harms the chipper.
• Chippers are best used in residential areas, orchards, or groves. Trees present a problem if
they are pushed to the side of the public right-of-way because of cost associated with
transportation.
• Grinders are ideal for use at debris staging and reduction sites due to high volume capacity.
Due to high capacity of debris is a large storage area is needed for a large grinding operation.
Sound protection also becomes a very important issue.
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DISASTER RECOVERY
Tab 6 - Temporary Debris Storage and Reduction Site (TDSR) Closeout Checklist
Environmental Restoration Stockpiled debris will be a mix of woody vegetation, construction
material, household items, and yard waste. Household hazardous waste and medical wastes
should be segregated and removed prior to being stockpiled. Activities at the temporary debris
storage and reduction site will include stockpiling, sorting, recycling, incineration, grinding, and
chipping. Incineration operations will occur in air curtain pits and only woody debris will be
incinerated. Due to operations occurring, contamination from petroleum spills or runoff from
incineration and debris piles may occur. Therefore, close monitoring of the environmental
conditions is a coordinated effort.
Site Remediation During the debris removal process and after the material is removed from the
debris site; environmental monitoring will need to be conducted. This is to ensure no long-term
environmental effects occur. Environmental monitoring is needed for the following areas:
• Ash - Monitoring consists of chemical testing to determine suitability of material for landfill
placement.
• Soils - Monitoring consists of using portable meters to determine if soils are contaminated by
volatile hydrocarbons. Contractors do monitoring if there has been a determination that
chemicals such as oil or diesel has spilled on site.
• Groundwater - Monitoring is done on selected sites to determine effects of rainfall leaching
(leaking) through ash areas or stockpile areas.
A checklist for close out procedures follows:
• Site number and location
• Date closure complete
• Household hazardous waste removed
• Contractor equipment removed
• Contractor petroleum and other toxic spills cleaned up if ash piles removed
• Compare baseline information of the temporary site conditions after the contractor vacates the
site.
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DISASTER RECOVERY
As of June 2007
Name
Profession / Skills
Jim Stoffer
Real Estate Sales
Darlene Guess
Real Estate Sales
Jim Nelson
Real Estate Sales
Jim Vanaman
Real Estate Sales / Insurance
Chuck Hathaway
Construction business owner
Tom Sutton
Construction business owner
Fred Wachtel
County Engineer and Flood Plain Manager
Contact information for the team is maintained in the Controlled and Sensitive Information
Document.
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COSHOCTON COUNTY
EMERGENCY PLANNING COMMITTEE
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PLAN
2007
Annex K - Hazardous Materials Plan 2007
-1-
Coshocton County Emergency Planning Committee
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Purpose.................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Basic Plan ................................................................................................................ 4
1.3 Promulgation Statement........................................................................................... 5
1.4 Plan Maintenance..................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Plan Exercise ........................................................................................................... 6
2.0 Prepare.................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Hazard Analysis ....................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Mitigation Activity...................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Mutual Aid ................................................................................................................ 9
2.4 Training Program.................................................................................................... 10
2.5 Public Education..................................................................................................... 11
2.6 Resource Management .......................................................................................... 11
3.0 Response (Following 3.x sections refer to the EOP) ...................................................... 11
3.1 Initial Notification .................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Incident Assessment .............................................................................................. 11
3.3 Incident Command System .................................................................................... 11
3.5 Communication ...................................................................................................... 12
3.6 Emergency Medical Service ................................................................................... 12
3.7 Public Notification and Warning.............................................................................. 12
3.8 Evacuation ............................................................................................................. 12
3.9 Mass Care and Sheltering...................................................................................... 12
4.0 Recovery ............................................................................................................... 12
4.1 Documentation and Critique ................................................................................... 12
4.2 Cost Recovery........................................................................................................ 12
5.0 Addendum List .................................................................................................... 13
6.0 Authentification .................................................................................................... 14
Tab 1 Technical References ........................................................................................ 15
Tab 2 Checklist for Response to a Hazardous Material Release Incident.................... 16
Tab 3 History and Projection of LEPC Exercises ......................................................... 19
Tab 4 Technique for Spill Containment and Cleanup ................................................... 20
Tab 5 After Action Report............................................................................................. 23
Tab 6 Critical Site Information Guide............................................................................ 24
Tab 7 Haz-Mat Team Mobilization................................................................................ 25
Tab 8 Who Pays for the Cleanup? ............................................................................... 27
Tab 9 Check List for Hazardous Materials Incidents .................................................... 28
Tab 10 Definition of Terms and Acronyms ................................................................... 30
Tab 11 Change Log...................................................................................................... 33
Tab 12 Distribution List................................................................................................. 34
Tab 13 Extremely Hazardous Substances Facility Listing............................................ 35
Tab 14 Facility Hazardous Material Specific Information............................................ 106
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Coshocton County Hazard Material Plan
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE
The Coshocton County Hazardous Materials Plan is the document that assigns
responsibility to organizations and individuals for carrying out specific actions dealing
with a hazardous material release that exceeds the capability for any agency or
department. Section 3750 of the ORC requires Coshocton County to have a county
contingency plan for hazardous materials.
This document sets forth lines of authority and organizational relationships and shows
how all actions are to be coordinated. It describes the plan to minimize impact to county
residents and the environment. It also identifies personnel, equipment, facilities,
supplies, and other resources available within Coshocton County for use during the
response and recovery operations of any hazardous material release.
The elected leadership in Coshocton County is legally responsible for ensuring that
necessary and appropriate actions are taken to protect people and property from the
consequences of emergencies or disasters. A systematic approach is taken to treat
each action as one phase of a comprehensive process with each phase building on the
accomplishments of the preceding one. The overall goal is to limit the impact caused by
a chemical release emergency in Coshocton County.
This Coshocton County Hazardous Materials Plan is part of the overall county
emergency plan and is integrated with these peer documents:
Emergency Operations Plan
Emergency Reference Directory
Emergency Resource Catalog
Emergency Procedures
Townships, Villages, and the City of Coshocton have, through their elected officials,
subscribed to be part of the county wide emergency management plan. Documentation
recording this action is on file in the EMA office.
The Coshocton County LEPC, with the cooperation of the Coshocton County EMA and
the Coshocton City Fire Department (Haz-Mat Team), is responsible for maintenance of
this document. The Emergency Management Agency Director is responsible for
ensuring that necessary changes to the Hazardous Materials Plan is documented,
incorporated and distributed. The EMA Director will forward revisions to all affected and
responsible organizations for acceptance before the final version is distributed.
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1.2 BASIC PLAN
This document is based on a hazard analysis and risk assessment performed using
many sources of information. For more information on the hazard analysis and risk
assessments, see Section 2.1 Hazard Analysis.
Cameo software or the Emergency Response Handbook is used to determine the
downwind effects for each hazardous chemical released.
Under Section 3750 of the ORC, each individual facility using, storing, or generating
listed hazardous materials is required to provide information annually regarding the type
and or amount of these chemicals. March 1st of each year is the deadline for the annual
data reporting to the LEPC, SERC and jurisdictional fire department.
A definition of terms and acronyms is found in Emergency Operation Plan, Section 5,
References.
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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PLAN FOR COSHOCTON COUNTY
1.3 Promulgation Statement
Preparedness to cope with the effects of a disaster includes many diverse but
interrelated elements, which must he woven into an integrated emergency management
system involving all departments of local government, private support agencies, and the
individual citizen.
Planning for population protection must be a cooperative effort to avert or minimize the
effects of natural, technological, including hazardous materials, civil, and/or attackrelated disasters, protect lives, and restore the stricken area.
This Hazardous Materials Plan, as part of Coshocton County’s Emergency Operations
Plan, is a statement of policy regarding emergency management and assigns tasks and
responsibilities to County officials and department heads, specifying their roles during a
hazardous materials incident. It is developed pursuant to Sections 5502.26 and 3750 of
the Ohio Revised Code and the applicable resolutions, appointment letters, and other
documents by the Coshocton County Board of Commissioners dated
_____________________________, assigning emergency responsibilities.
__________________________________________
President of the Board of County Commissioners
______________
Date
__________________________________________
Coshocton County Commissioner
______________
Date
__________________________________________
Coshocton County Commissioner
______________
Date
__________________________________________
______________
Date
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1.4 PLAN MAINTENANCE
The Coshocton County LEPC is responsible for ensuring that necessary changes to the
Hazardous Materials Plan are incorporated and distributed. The Coshocton County
Emergency Management Agency works with the LEPC and will forward revisions of the
plan to all affected and responsible organizations for acceptance before the final version
is distributed.
Each organization having responsibilities in this Hazardous Materials Plan is
responsible for updating annually its portion of the plan. Causes of changes could be
from deficiencies identified by emergencies, drills, exercises or changes in the
emergency response organizations. During the annual review, effort is taken to ensure
that plan elements are valid and current. All changes will be submitted not later than
July 1st each year to the Coshocton County LEPC for comment and/or inclusion into the
plan.
Changes to the Hazardous Materials Plan are recorded in the Change Control Log for
the Basic Plan. A Distribution List, Tab 12, records the recipient's names and agencies.
Also, the LEPC is required to annually submit this plan through the Ohio Emergency
Management Agency for formal review and acceptance by the State Emergency
Response Commission (SERC). The plan must be submitted for review not later than
October 17th of each year. If the SERC refuses to concur with the plan, the LEPC will
be directed to modify plan as per SERC recommendations within 60 days of SERC’s
order. The plan will then be re-submitted for review.
Coshocton County LEPC, with the help of the Coshocton County Emergency
Management Agency, will conduct an annual exercise to test this Hazardous Materials
Plan, the county’s EOP, and individual facilities/response organizations Standard
Operations Procedures (SOP).
1.5 PLAN EXERCISE
The requirements are for the Coshocton County LEPC to test the Hazardous Materials
Plan annually with an exercise. The LEPC exercise cycle is four years and during this
cycle there is a requirement for at least one (1) Table Top, one (1) Functional, and one
(1) Full Scale exercise. There is also a requirement that during the cycle each of the
Objectives listed in the LEPC Exercise Handbook must be addressed at least once.
The Coshocton County LEPC will attempt to conduct a table top exercise before it
conducts a functional or full scale exercise as part of the preparation for the exercises.
Orientation seminars may also be used to educate individuals who have responsibilities
within this plan.
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Over the 4-year period, exercises will be moved between municipalities, villages and
agencies to build response experience.
The LEPC, with the help of the Coshocton County Emergency Management Agency,
will be responsible to meet the requirements outlined above. The EMA Director may
elect to use the LEPC exercise program to annually test the Coshocton County
Emergency Operations Plan.
For a list of past and future Coshocton County LEPC sponsored exercises, see Tab 3.
1.6 OHIO REVISED CODE (ORC) CROSS REFERENCE
This section identifies where the plan complies with ORC requirements.
3750.04.A Chemical Emergency Response and Preparations Plan
(1) Identify each facility
(a) Identify the hazardous substances
(b) Facility is to participate in planning
(2) Identify facilities which are at risk
(3) Identify transportation routes to / from site
(4) Document response methods and procedures
(5) Designate community emergency coordinator
Designate heads of response organizations
(6) Identify procedures for notification and communication
between responders and public
(7) Methods for determining an occurrence and area / population
that would be affected
(8) Identify equipment, facilities and personnel
(9) Identify evacuation plans and alternative routes
(10) Plan for mutual aid
Tab 13
Tab 13
Tab 13
Tab 14
Tab 14
Tab 14
Tab 14
Tab 14 ?
Tab 14
Tab 14
Tab 14
Tab 14
Tab 14 ?
3750.04.B Plan Submittal
3750.04.C Annual exercise
1.5
2.0 PREPARE
2.1 HAZARD ANALYSIS
The following sources of information were used in developing a hazard analysis and risk
assessment for the hazardous materials known to be present in Coshocton County:
o Information that was reported from the individual facilities in their annual
reporting of chemical inventory data, individual facility maps, volume and type of
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materials inventoried, storage method, and the health hazard of each chemical
reported;
o Information obtained from site visits includes information on the facility’s
chemicals, locations, and general information for nearby chemicals, if they have
a lock box, their training and safety program, their contingency plan, if they have
one, procedures for notification in case of spill, the resources they have to assist
in a Haz-Mat incident, and other information that could enhance an emergency
response;
o Information gathered in two (2) Commodity Flow Studies performed in 2001 and
2002 for the transportation traffic of hazardous materials;
o Information from historical release events of the individual facilities in Coshocton
County where hazardous materials had posed problems in the past.
The risk assessment has been documented by individual facility and can be found in
Tabs 13 and 14 of this plan. The risk assessment has identified the following as the
materials that pose the greatest risk to the population in Coshocton County:
1. Ammonia - A liquid form of anhydrous ammonia is stored in several locations in the
county. The ammonia is used for agricultural purposes and distributed from above
ground storage locations for land application. Several industries in the county have
an industrial application that uses anhydrous ammonia for their process.
2. Chlorine - There are three (3) water treatment facilities in the county that use
Chlorine (150 lb and 1 ton cylinders)
3. Propane - Propane is stored in above ground tanks at several distribution locations
in the county. Standard safety practices are used in handling propane at these
locations. None of the locations are near large centers of population.
2.2 MITIGATION ACTIVITY
The mitigation program in Coshocton County, with respect to hazardous materials, is as
follows;
o Each facility in Coshocton County, with a listed hazardous material at or greater than
the listed threshold quantity, is required to provide specific information about the
material to the SERC, jurisdictional fire department, and LEPC. (This information is
included in Tab 14 and addresses each facility.)
o Each fire department visits and evaluates the facility’s specific response plan for:
a) Response notification
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b) Protection for any hazardous material to insure the containers are not subject to
damage or fire
c) Confirmation that the facility possesses and uses the necessary PPE for its
employees
d) Hazardous material location and the proper entry routes to be used by
responders.
o The Coshocton County LEPC visits the reporting facilities to:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Determine the same things the fire departments check.
Determine if all reportable hazardous materials are reported.
Observe overall safety practices at the facility.
Determine if the maximum reported quantity is correct.
Determine if there are additional materials that should be reported.
2.3 MUTUAL AID
The Fire Departments in Coshocton County have entered into a county-wide mutual aid
agreement to assure adequate material and mutual aid will occur. The initial response
in Coshocton County is generally by a fire department that will determine if the
Coshocton County Haz-Mat Team will need to respond. The mutual aid agreement
between other county fire departments insures that there will be resources on site to
support the Haz-Mat Team response.
While Coshocton County has the means for initial and, in most cases, complete
response capabilities for a hazardous materials incident, it is possible that mutual aid
from surrounding counties and state agencies may be required. The Coshocton County
Haz-Mat Team is a part of the State Homeland Security Region 8 Haz-Mat response.
There are four (4) teams that have agreed to respond to a call from another Haz-Mat
Team in the region. The Coshocton County Haz-Mat Team will make the request for
additional help when they see the need. If the entire county Haz-Mat capacity is
exhausted, the EMA Director (EOC) can make the request for additional resources.
To request outside assistance, Coshocton County would activate this plan and follow
procedures set to request outside assistance. Mutual aid agreements, memorandums
of understanding, or letters of agreement from various organizations (private and public)
are on file for additional personnel and equipment.
As such, other operation sections such as EMS, fire-fighting support, REACT, sheriff,
etc., are expected to be on-scene or on-call. In the event of a lack of previously
established ICS, the Haz-Mat Team Leader shall assume the role of initial Incident
Commander and request additional resources from the county as required to safely
process the hazardous materials incident.
Each fire department shall respond to hazardous materials incidents according to
departmental procedures. If a fire department is first on scene, they shall establish an
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incident Command Post (CP), appoint an Incident Commander, mark the command
post with a green flag, and per ICS procedures, the Incident Command will retain
command until there has been a proper transfer of command.
Each fire department will annually inspect all the facilities in their jurisdiction that use,
store, and/or generate hazardous materials. Records of all inspections shall be kept on
file at the respective fire station.
Facilities with lock boxes must furnish the jurisdictional fire department with a key to that
lock box or make a key available to them in time of emergency.
Local law enforcement shall respond to hazardous materials incidents according to
departmental procedures.
Local law enforcement will provide security and traffic control at the scene. They will
provide communications and dispatching as necessary to assist the Coshocton County
Haz-Mat Team with their effort for hazardous material release incidents.
EMS personnel will respond to hazardous material incidents according to their
procedures. They shall establish and maintain communications with and coordinate
their response efforts with Incident Command. They shall notify the Coshocton County
Memorial Hospital (or other medical facility) of any contaminated victims they may be
transporting. They should provide as much information to the Coshocton County
Memorial Hospital (or other medical facility) as possible to assist the hospital in their
preparation for the arrival of any chemical emergency victims.
2.4 TRAINING PROGRAM
The Coshocton County LEPC maintains a training expectations program for first
responders (fire, law enforcement, EMS, REACT, and others) who may be involved in a
hazardous materials incident. The Coshocton County LEPC will provide expenses,
materials and instructors at no cost to the responders for the classes on the LEPC
listing. Local industry and fire organizations also provide training opportunities.
All personnel from responder organizations need to be trained to the Awareness level.
Fire departments have personnel that are trained to the Operations level; EMS and law
enforcement personnel are trained to the Awareness level. REACT personnel are also
trained to the Awareness level. Refresher training is offered periodically, and
responders are encouraged to keep their qualifications up-to-date by taking this training
or alternative refresher training as necessary or required.
Courses offered may be local, at the Ohio Fire Academy, by OEMA, by the State Fire
Marshal, Cleveland or Findlay Universities, and other qualified institutions.
- 10 -
Organizational heads are responsible for individual departments in seeing their
personnel are kept refreshed in their training. Training records are kept in individual
department files. Annually, the LEPC will request a training status and training needs
listing from each responder organization.
Training envisioned for the next year includes:
1. Schedule training classes as needed for Awareness, Operational, and Technician
levels
2. Schedule training class for ICS 300 and 400 levels
3. Schedule other training as the need develops
2.5 PUBLIC EDUCATION
Details for Public Education are recorded in EOP, Section 2.7.5.
2.6 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
A list of the equipment available for a hazardous material response is found in the
inventories of each fire department and in the Coshocton County Emergency Resource
Catalog.
These resources are available for support by other responders in Coshocton County
through procedures in the mutual aid agreements, and organization operating
procedures.
At any time the incident expands to require additional resources, the Haz-Mat Team has
the authority to activate the Region 8 Haz-Mat Plan and obtain addition Haz-Mat teams.
If these Region 8 teams respond, they operate under their team procedures and
authorities, but at the direction of the Incident Commander.
The Coshocton County Emergency Operations Center can be activated at the request
of the incident commander if there is a need for additional resources that the Haz-Mat
teams can’t obtain themselves.
3.0 RESPONSE
Details for the following sections are found in the EOP.
Section Title
Initial Notification
Incident Assessment
Incident Command System
EOP Section
3.1
3.2
3.3
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Communication
Public Notification and Warning
Evacuation and Sheltering in Place
Mass Care / Sheltering
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
Specific information can be found in Tab 2 providing a general checklist for the actions
required by the responders to a hazardous material release incident.
Clean up and recovery operations will continue until the approval that it is safe to open
the area again. The local law enforcement shall oversee securing the area of the
incident.
The continuation of dissemination of emergency public information will be continued as
long as necessary.
4.0 RECOVERY
4.1 DOCUMENTATION and CRITIQUE
Individual organizations are responsible for maintaining a log of their supplies,
personnel, and equipment used during the incident and to maintain records of their
activities for the entire incident.
At the end of each incident, the organization participating in the response and
stabilization will hold and document a critique of their actions. Where there are
identified problems between response organizations that can’t be resolved by them,
they may submit the problem to the LEPC for help in resolving the issue.
4.2 COST RECOVERY
The Local Emergency Planning Committee shall receive the completed forms of
resource usage from all response organizations involved in an incident and shall bill the
responsible party for reimbursement. If problems occur in obtaining reimbursement, the
services of the Coshocton County Prosecutor will be requested to aid in collection of the
funds. The LEPC, per Section 3750 of the ORC specifies the county prosecutor
representation.
Cost recovery is initiated by assessing the damage and extra-ordinary expenditures that
the spill or incident has cost the county or department for supplies, equipment,
personnel, and vehicles. The spiller, who caused or is responsible for the incident, is
responsible for paying all “extra-ordinary” expenditures by law. Coshocton County has
a set of forms for listing and accounting for all usage and cost.
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Request for State assistance will be made using the steps documented in the EOP,
Section 4, Recovery. Request for Federal assistance must be coordinated through the
Ohio Emergency Management Agency.
5.0 ADDENDUM LIST
Tab 1
Tab 2
Tab 3
Tab 4
Tab 5
Tab 6
Tab 7
Tab 8
Tab 9
Tab 10
Tab 11
Tab 12
Tab 13
Tab 14
Technical References
Checklist for Response to a Hazardous Material Release Incident
History and Projection of LEPC Exercises
Technique for Spill Containment and Cleanup
After Action Report
Critical Site Information Guide
Haz-Mat Team Mobilization
Who Pays for the Cleanup?
Checklist for Hazardous Material Incidents
Definition of Terms and Acronyms
Change Log
Distribution List
Facility Information; Facilities with Extremely Hazardous Substances
Extremely Hazardous Material Information by Facility
- 13 -
- 14 -
Tab 1 TECHNICAL REFERENCES
BOOKS
--Hazardous Materials Emergency Planning Guide - NRT-1
--Hazardous Materials Contingency Planning Course Text Book - 8
--North American DOT Guidebook - 2004
--Farm Chemical Handbook - 1990
--Lowery’s Handbook of Right-To-Know and Emergency Planning
--NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
--Technical Guidance for Hazardous Analysis
--Hazardous Materials Emergency Management Plan (State Plan)
VIDEO TAPES
--Hazardous Materials “Scene Safety”
--Surviving Haz-Mat Incident by Emergency Resource
--Mastering Planning and Multi-Jurisdictional Incident Command #1 #2
--Haz Com and Employee Introduction
--Material Safety Data Sheets
--Toxicology and Labeling
--Hazardous Materials Incident Emergency Response
--EENET Video Conference - Handling the Radiation Accident Victim in the Hospital ER
--At Risk “Understanding Title III”
--Building Bridges/Title III Community
--Understanding Title III
--Talk about Risk
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Tab 2 CHECKLIST for RESPONSE to a HAZARDOUS MATERIAL RELEASE
INCIDENT
The first response unit on scene will set up the Incident Command System. (At a
minimum, an Incident Commander and a Safety Officer must be designated.)
Announce location of the Command Post to all other responding units.
Evaluate the scene from a safe distance before moving closer (example: use
binoculars).
Obtain information about the cargo from placards, labels, shipping documents.
Consult DOT Emergency Response Guidebook for information concerning the
precautions and initial isolation distances.
Inform the incoming companies of your evaluations and actions you are taking.
Notify the responsible party. If transportation incident, insure the vehicle driver, if
capable, contacts their office.
Direct additional responding units as to which access routes they should use when
approaching the incident.
Incident Commander determines the need for the Coshocton County Haz-Mat Team.
Request, through dispatch, for the Haz-Mat Team to be sent if needed.
Report the release to Ohio EPA if a suspected threshold quantity has been released
(800-282-9378). This is the responsibility of the Responsible Party of the release.
Responders should make the call if there is some concern the Responsible Party is
unable or can’t within the required 30 minute window.
NOTE: Make this call as soon as the incident is determined that it needs
to be reported. Don’t delay making the call just to get all of the incident
information.
Notify the local LEPC office at 622-1984 (EMA office. The responsible party also has
30 minutes to make the call. If unable to reach that number, they must call Sheriff’s 24hour number at 622-2411 for record keeping.
Establish control zones (hot, warm, and cold).
Request Law Enforcement if needed to secure the scene.
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Establish exclusion perimeter to keep the public away from the emergency responders
working area.
Notify water utility for that well head that it is at risk for public drinking water if within a
one-mile radius of well head.
Perform the activities only to the response level that the on-scene responders have the
training and capability to perform to mitigate the problem.
Establish a responsible party with on-scene response from chosen, qualified contractor
as soon as possible. If they fail to do so, authorization may be needed to be obtained
locally to have incident taken care of and the responsible party will pay.
Notify all agencies identified as responding to the incident of the escalation of the event
requiring the Haz-Mat Team response.
Inform any additional responders of the escalation of the event requiring the Haz-Mat
Team response.
Assign Incident Safety Officer and Record Keeper.
Request additional fire and EMS personnel as situation calls for.
Request Coshocton County EMA Director to notify appropriate officials and agencies as
needed.
Request the EMA Director to assign a Public Information Officer (PIO).
Shelter-in-place or evacuate as the incident commander directs.
NOTE: Emergency responders have the authority to enter a residence or
business to shut off ignition sources such as pilot lights, whether the
resident is home or not when vapors from a flammable chemical have
been released (OAG#87-099)
Responsible party has limited time to have on-scene response from chosen contractor
to mitigate the incident. Otherwise, local authorities can take measures to have a
contractor clean up, with the spiller taking responsibility for the expense.
Even though the jurisdiction authorizes funds for clean up, the party responsible for
causing the release will be held accountable for clean-up expenses and payment to the
clean-up contractor, either voluntarily or forcibly through legal prosecution for cost
recovery.
If the incident requires additional resources that the Incident Commander can not
obtain, he can request the Coshocton County EOC to be activated.
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Additional fire and EMS personnel will be requested as needed to assist with
evacuation, traffic, crowd control, and other assigned tasks as needed.
Immediately contact the highest elected official for the jurisdiction and get authorization
for the expenditure of funds if needed to pay a local qualified contractor to mitigate the
incident.
Even if the jurisdiction authorizes funds for the clean up, the responsible party will be
held accountable for causing the release and will be responsible for the payment of
expenses, either voluntarily or through legal prosecution for cost recovery.
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Tab 3 History and Projection of LEPC Exercises
Date
09/06/97
09/12/99
11/19/99
11/12/02
03/08/04
06/22/05
08/31/05
04/20/06
04/12/07
Type
Functional
Functional
Table Top
Full Scale
Table Top
Table Top
Functional
Table Top *
Functional *
2008**
2009**
Table Top*
Full Scale *
Location
Richard Downing Airport
Kraft, Inc.
SR 36 and TR 202
AEP – Conesville
Coshocton
Coshocton, EOC
Coshocton, Main Street
West Lafayette
West Lafayette – Water
Treatment Plant
Warsaw
Warsaw
Issue
Mass casualty
Ammonia release
Casualty / chemical release
WMD
WMD
Chemical release
Chemical release
Chemical release, Ammonia
Chemical release, Ammonia,
and Chlorine
Chemical release and flood
Chemical release and flood
* Current LEPC cycle
** Proposed LEPC Exercises
- 19 -
Tab 4 TECHNIQUES for SPILL CONTAINMENT and CLEANUP
The responsibility for selecting and implementing appropriate countermeasures is
assigned to the Incident Commander (IC) in coordination with the responsible party’s
On-Scene Person.
The responsible party is, by law, responsible for all cleanup countermeasures. The
Coshocton County Haz-Mat Team and the County / City Health Departments are
responsible for monitoring this responsibility to ensure that the following actions are
taken:
1)
2)
3)
4)
The public is protected to the fullest extent possible.
An approved disposal site is selected.
Temporary storage sites are selected that are safe and secure.
The environment is protected to the extent required by law.
The Incident Commander is responsible for monitoring the response activity to ensure
that appropriate containment / displacement techniques are being initiated.
Containment methods may include:
Dikes
Berms and Drains
Trenches
Booms
Barriers in Soil
Steam Diversion
Patching and Plugging of Containers or Vessels
Portable Catch Basins
Over packed Drums and other Forms of Containers
Reorientation of the Container
The Incident Commander, in conjunction with the EOC, will help the responsible party
with their clean up by helping to obtain private contractors for displacement techniques.
These may include:
Hydraulic and Mechanical Dredging
Excavating
Skimming
Pumping
Dispersion / Dilution
Vacuuming
Treatment of spilled hazardous substances is the responsibility of the responsible party.
Monitoring of the clean-up is the responsibility of the Ohio Environmental Protection
Agency in accordance with the State Operations Plan.
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EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT:
STATIONARY SOURCES: Initial assessment of the incident is the responsibility of the
responsible party of the stationary facility. It is recognized that industry capability to
assess the situation is supported by the in-depth knowledge of their chemicals, facilities,
and the environment. The stationary facility is liable for damages resulting from a
release and is motivated to provide timely and accurate assessment of each situation.
TRANSPORTATION SOURCES: The initial assessment of the incident will have to be a
responsibility of the first responding unit on scene. The Initial Incident Commander will
use information from placards, shipping documents, a call to CHEMTREC (1-800-4249300) to determine what the material(s) is and, with the aid of the Emergency Response
Handbook, determine how best to protect the population around the release site and to
plan the response.
Other assessment capability is available:
1) The first responder has limited monitoring and assessment capability.
2) The Coshocton County Haz-Mat Team has some monitoring equipment for
assessment.
3) The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency has in-depth assessment and
monitoring capability. Response time for mobilization and deployment of Mutual
Aid for Haz-Mat Response Teams is estimated to be two hours.
4) The Federal Regional Response Team has in-depth assessment and monitoring
resources. Mobilization and deployment of the Federal Response Team is
estimated to be three hours or more.
RESTORATION
1) The jurisdictional Health Department, in conjunction with State and Federal
authorities (i.e., EPA, ODNR, etc.), is in charge of restoration efforts.
2) Treatment of recovered materials, contaminated soils and sediments is a
responsibility of the responsible party.
3) When feasible, contaminated soils and sediments will be treated on site.
Technologies available are incineration, wet air oxidation, solidification,
encapsulation, solution mining (soil washing or soil flushing),
neutralization/detoxification, and microbiological degradation.
4) Off-site transportation or storage, treatment, destruction, or secure disposition offsite may be provided in cases where EPA determines such actions as:
a) will create increased capacity to manage
b) is necessary to protect public health, welfare or environment
5) Contaminated soils and sediments may be removed from the site. Technologies
used to remove contaminated sediment on soils include:
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a) excavation
b) hydraulic dredging
c) mechanical dredging
6) Provisions of alternative water supplies can be provided in several ways:
a)
b)
c)
d)
individual treatment units
water distribution system
new wells or deeper wells
cisterns
- 22 -
Tab 5 AFTER ACTION REPORT
As soon as practicable, but not later than thirty (30) days after a release, the owner or
operator of a facility or a transportation vessel from which a release of a hazardous
material has occurred shall submit a report in accordance with section 3750.06 (D) of
the Ohio Revised Code.
The owner or operator release report of the incident should include details of the time of
the spill, cause of the spill, material and quantity released location, response actions,
etc. At a minimum, the report shall contain the requirements of 3750.06 (D) as follows:
1. Actions taken to respond to and contain the release.
2. Any known or anticipated acute or chronic health risks associated with the
release.
3. Where appropriate, advise regarding medical attention necessary for individuals
exposed to the substance released.
4. A summary of all actions taken by the owner or operator to prevent a recurrence
of the release. Any information submitted pursuant to division (D) (4) of 3750.06
of the Ohio Revised Code is subject to evidence rule 407.
5. Such other information as is required by rules adopted under division (B) (1) (f)
of Section 3750.02 of the Ohio Revised Code.
This report that details the account of the spill response activities will be submitted to
the Coshocton County Emergency Management Director and to the Ohio EPA.
If significant additional information is discovered regarding the release after this report is
submitted and one year after the release; the owner or operator shall submit an updated
report in accordance with division (D) of section 3750.06 of the Ohio Revised Code.
The Incident Commander is responsible for preparing a report that summarizes the
entire incident including cause of incident, incident critique, damage assessment,
expenditures and conclusions.
The Prosecuting Attorney (City or County) is responsible for representing the LEPC in
the reimbursement of any extra-ordinary expenses incurred by the response
departments, as well as for any litigation attempts made against the LEPC or county
agents.
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Tab 6 CRITICAL SITE INFORMATION GUIDE
Date: _______________ Time:___________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
JURISDICTION INFORMATION
Incident Commander’s Name____________________________________________________
Fire Department ______________________________________________________________
Location of Incident: ___________________________________________________________
Weather Conditions: Temperature_________Wind Direction________Wind Speed__________
Rainy Clear / Dry Snowy Cloudy Foggy
Thunderstorm Snowy Sunny Ice
Season: Summer Autumn Winter Spring
Closest Well Head for Drinking Water ______________________________________________
Closest Bodies of Water_________________________________________________________
Owner of Well Head_____________ River (Name) _____________________________
Stream (Name) ______________________________
Pond (Name) ______________________________
Populated within ½ Mile Radius of Release ________________
Owners of crops or gardens that could be affected or contaminated.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Number of Homes ________________
Record owner’s name and phone numbers _________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Names of Schools _____________________________________________________________
Owners of livestock or pets that may be grazing in / or drinking from contaminated water:
____________________________________________________________________________
Names of Nursing Homes _______________________________________________________
Record owner’s name and phone numbers _________________________________________
Names of Businesses __________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Other Highly Populated Facilities _________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Terrain of the location of the incident:
Flat Land
Hilly
In Drainage Course
Person completing the form _____________________________________________________
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Tab 7 HAZ-MAT TEAM MOBILIZATION
Guidelines for requesting the mobilization of the Hazardous Materials Team in
Coshocton County would be as follows:
a) Potential, actual, or suspected spill of a Reportable Quantity (RQ); e.g., fuel oil,
ammonia, etc.
b) Imminent hazard.
c) Risk of environmental pollution (land, air, or spill).
d) Unknown substance considered dangerous.
e) Chemical transportation accidents with suspected leak or spill.
The Coshocton Area Haz-Mat Team is mobilized using the following procedure:
a) Coshocton Sheriff’s Central Dispatch Center or:
b) Coshocton City Fire Dispatch Center
c) By: Pager, portable radio, telephone
Haz-Mat vehicle is to be sent to scene via request from On-Scene Commander.
Response to scene for all members is in a non-emergency manner.
PRE-ENTRY
A. Fire Dispatch Center
Communication is by radios. The Haz-Mat Trailer is equipped with radio
communications equipment.
Dispatchers will attempt to obtain any and all information from the person(s) reporting a
hazardous materials incident. Dispatchers are advised to be alert of the possibility that
the individual reporting the emergency may not know or report the emergency as a
“hazardous materials incident”.
The information obtained should include the material name and/or type, amount and
size of the container(s), the incident (leak, spill, fire, etc.), and dangerous properties of
the materials. The dispatcher should stay on the telephone with the caller to gain as
much information as possible.
Additional information shall be relayed to the Haz-Mat Team by dispatcher as
information becomes available. If the caller has special knowledge of the material(s)
involved, that person should be instructed to meet the responding Haz-Mat Team with
documents (MSDSs, procedures, emergency response information, etc.) in hand.
- 25 -
STAGING THE HAZ-MAT TEAM AND EQUIPMENT
The Haz-Mat Team Leader shall identify the Incident Commander, if present, and ask
for a suitable staging location. The Haz-Mat Team shall stage in a SAFE location taking
into consideration the wind, spill, flow, explosion potential, and other pertinent factors.
Once staging area has been identified, with vehicles pointed away from the incident for
rapid egress if required, the Haz-Mat Team Leader shall establish a Command Post.
The Command Post shall conduct a careful size-up of incident before making a
commitment. It may be necessary to take immediate action (rescue or evacuate) with
the prior approval of the IC. However, this should be done with an awareness of the
risk to Haz-Mat Team personnel and using all available protective equipment.
The objective of the size-up is to identify the nature and severity of the situation.
Identification of immediate problem(s) and sufficient information to form a plan of attack
must be obtained. A hazardous materials incident requires a more cautious and
deliberate size-up than most fire situations. The Haz-Mat Team Leader must ensure
the avoidance of premature commitment of personnel to potentially hazardous
locations. Identification of the ‘hazard category’ shall ultimately enable the IC and
Haz-Mat Team Leader to determine the level of response appropriate to the incident.
- 26 -
Tab 8 WHO PAYS for the CLEANUP?
If a hazardous materials incident occurs on private property, the spiller will be
responsible for calling a clean-up contractor, paying the costs of the clean-up
contractor, chemical analysis costs and the cost of supplies used by the Coshocton
County Area Haz-Mat Team and fire departments responding.
If the spiller cannot afford the cost of clean up or refuses responsibility, the jurisdiction in
which the incident occurred can authorize emergency clean-up and payment of costs as
there is a threat to public health and environment. Reimbursement for costs in such
instances may then be pursued through legal means.
If a hazardous materials incident occurs on the highway or right-of-way maintained by
the State of Ohio, or hazardous materials are released from a storm drainage ditch
along the state right-of-way, the State of Ohio will assume responsibility for the costs of
the incident. If the spiller cannot be found, and all efforts to find the source of the spill
have been exhausted, the charges for laboratory analysis, and costs incurred by the
Coshocton County Haz-Mat Team, including the expense of calling a private contractor
for clean-up, may be reimbursed through a separate fund with EPA for clean up or may
need to be locally absorbed.
If a hazardous materials incident occurs on a village street, city street, township road or
right-of-way, or hazardous materials are released from a storm sewer and/or sewage
system, the jurisdiction will assume responsibility for the costs of the incident, (if the
responsible enterprise cannot be found), including calling a private contractor for cleanup and paying the costs.
Most chemical users, haulers, etc., have insurance. Coshocton County’s past history of
collection of expenses has been 100%. It is the responsibility of the spiller to pursue the
reimbursement to the Coshocton County Area Haz-Mat Team through the Local
Emergency Planning Committee’s account for expenses.
Guidelines for Coshocton County reimbursement is:
o The actual expenses for equipment or materials used or destroyed,
o Overtime for paid personnel who are working extra hours,
o A rate per vehicle and flat rate for volunteers
A 20% administrative charge is also attached to the total bill for the EMA Director’s
administrative duties, such as the paper reporting, computer data, billing working in
collection of the spill bill if no payment is received, etc. The County Prosecutor’s
services are available if needed in the collection of a bill.
- 27 -
Tab 9
CHECK LIST for HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENTS
BEFORE LEAVING THE FIRE STATION:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Get wind direction
Get wind speed
Try to get the name of the hazardous material involved, if possible
Try to find out form of material – solid, liquid, gas, etc. and if vapor cloud, fumes, or
spill was observed
5. Try to find out where the cloud or spill is located, i.e.:
1) On the roadway
2) Blocking access to area
3) Blocking the gate to the plant, if an industry
WHILE ENROUTE TO THE EMERGENCY:
1. Plan route to approach from up wind direction only
2. Look up the material (if known) in your books for:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Toxic effects
Symptoms of exposure
Reactions (i.e. water reactive)
Health effects ( i.e. skin exposure / breathing vapors)
“What to do First” information
UPON ARRIVAL:
1. IF SPILL OR WET AREAS ARE SEEN – stay away from them. Park uphill from
spills.
2. IF VAPOR RELEASE IS SUSPECTED – stay well away from them as an invisible
cloud is usually much larger than a visible cloud.
3. IF NO RELEASE IS SEEN – look at spectators to spot any people who are ill or
unconscious. If people are down – STAY AWAY until you know what the situation is
and you can protect yourself.
4. ALWAYS GO IN SLOWLY to avoid getting in too deeply before you realize it.
5. YOU MAY HAVE TO STOP WELL BACK FROM AN INCIDENT and send in two
people in full gear and SCBA to check the situation. They should go in SLOWLY,
approach from upwind, use detection and explosive meters, explosion proof lights,
no radios, and stay out of observed chemicals.
6. GET INFORMATION FROM PEOPLE ON SCENE (driver, plant officials, Material
Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).
7. ESTABLISH CONTROL POINTS for egress into incident area for emergency
services (and public, if necessary).
8. ESTABLISH SEPARATE HOLDING AREAS for personnel or victims who
accidentally become contaminated.
9. FROM A DISTANCE, USE BINOCULARS to look for placards on vehicles.
- 28 -
10. IF YOU DON’T KNOW – STAY BACK (down the road or outside the gate) and
check it out slowly and carefully before doing anything.
11. ESTABLISH COMMAND POST AND STAGING AREAS WELL AWAY from the
area on the upwind side only.
12. GET TECHNICAL HELP with expertise in hazardous material involved.
13. REMEMBER – YOU DO NOT CARRY THE EQUIPMENT AND ENTRY SUITS FOR
ALL CHEMICALS, so you cannot deal with all chemicals.
14. SOME GASES ARE TOXIC – are absorbed through the skin – and have no odor.
15. IF YOU CANNOT FIND OUT WHAT CHEMICALS ARE INVOLVED, treat it as
highly toxic, violently reactive, or explosive.
- 29 -
Tab 10 DEFINITION OF TERMS and ACRONYMS
ABSORPTION HAZARD: Is a description of the hazard from absorbing this material
into the body.
BOILING POINT: The temperature at which the pressure of the liquid equals
atmospheric pressure.
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT: The appraisal or determination of the actual effects resulting
from a disaster/emergency.
DOT HAZARD CLASS: The hazard class designated for the material as found in the
Department of Transportation regulations.
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTER (EOC): The site from which government
officials exercise direction and control during emergencies.
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN (EOP): A document that identifies the available
personnel, equipment, facilities, supplies, and other resources in the jurisdiction and
states the method or scheme for coordinated actions to be taken by individuals and
government services in the event of natural or manmade disaster. It describes a
jurisdiction’s emergency organization and its means of coordination with other
jurisdictions. It assigns functional responsibilities to the elements of the emergency
organizations, and it details tasks to be carried out at times and places projected as
accurately as permitted by the nature of each situation addressed.
FIRE HAZARD: A description of the possibility that the material will burn or support the
combustion process of other materials.
FLASH POINT: The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors to
ignite a flash over but will not continue to burn without the addition of more heat.
FLAMMABLE (Exposure Range): The range of a gas or vapor concentration
(percentage by volume in air) that will burn or explode if an ignition source is present.
Limiting concentrations are commonly called the” LEL”- or “Lower Explosive Limit” and
the “UEL” or “Upper Explosive Limit”.
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL: Any substance or material in a quantity or form that may be
harmful or injurious to humans, domestic animals, wildlife, economic crops or property
when released into the environment. Hazardous materials are classified in this plan as
Extremely Hazardous Substances, Hazardous Substances, or Oil-based Materials.
IDLH VALUE: (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Value) An indication of
atmospheres that is immediately dangerous to life and health. Within 30 minutes of
exposure, death or irreversible health implications to the person exposed are expected.
- 30 -
INGESTION HAZARD: Describes the hazard from ingesting (eating) this material.
INHALATION HAZARD: Describes the hazard from breathing the material.
LOCAL EMERGENCY PLANNING COMMITTEE (LEPC): A local committee
responsible for planning for Hazardous Materials within a district.
LC (Lethal Concentration): The concentration in PPM (parts per million) that kills 50%
of the laboratory animals in a given length of time.
LD (Lethal Dose): The dose that kills 50% of the test animals.
MELTING POINT: The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid; this
temperature is also the freezing point depending on the direction of the change.
SHELTER: This is a building or area predestinated by the Red Cross to house
evacuees on a temporary basis.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: The weight of a material as compared with the weight of an equal
volume of water; if the specific gravity is less than 1, the material is lighter than water
and will float; if the specific gravity is greater than 1, the material is heavier than water
and will sink.
STAGING AREA (SA): A location where equipment/personnel are maintained on a
temporary basis for emergency response.
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP): Checklist or guidance developed by
each specific responding organization that detail responsible individuals by name,
phone number and delineate in detail specific organizational emergency activities.
STEL Value (Short-term exposure limit value): Maximum allowable concentration, or
ceiling, not to be exceeded during a 15-minute period.
TLV / TWA (Threshold Limit Value / Time Weighted Average): The concentration of a
material to which an average, healthy person may be repeatedly exposed for 8 hours a
day, 40 hours per week, without suffering adverse health effects.
VAPOR DENSITY: The weight of a pure vapor or gas compared with the weight of an
equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure; if the vapor density is
less than 1, the material is lighter than air and may rise; if the vapor density is greater
than 1, the material is heavier than air and will stay low to the ground.
VAPOR PRESSURE: The pressure exerted by the vapor within the container against
the sides of a container. The pressure is temperature dependent; as the temperature
increases so does the vapor pressure
- 31 -
ACRONYMS
CFR – Code of Federal Regulations
CHEMTREC – Chemical Transportation Emergency Center
EHS – Extremely Hazardous Substance
EMA – Emergency Management Agency
EMS – Emergency Medical Services
EMT – Emergency Medical Technician
EOC – Emergency Operations Center
EOP – Emergency Operations Plan
FEMA – Federal Emergency Management Agency
HA – Hazards Analysis
IC – Incident Commander
ICS – Incident Command System
IDLH – Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
LEPC – Local Emergency Planning Committee
OEMA – Ohio Emergency Management Agency
OEPA – Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
ORC – Ohio Revised Code
OSHP – Ohio State Highway Patrol
PIO – Public Information Officer
PSAP – Public Safety Answering Point
SARA – Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
SCBA – Self-Contained Breathing Response Apparatus
- 32 -
Tab 11
August 2007
CHANGE LOG
Edited and updated the front sections. Incorporated a new template for
Tabs 13 and 14.
- 33 -
Tab 12 DISTRIBUTION LIST
Coshocton County LEPC Chairperson
Glenn Hill
Leader Haz-Mat Team
Rick Mills
Coshocton County Fire Chiefs’ Chairperson
Ray Worthington
Coshocton County Emergency Management Agency Director
James Van Horn
- 34 -
Coshocton County Emergency Planning Committee
Tab 13
FACILITY ANALYSIS and ASSESSMENT
1. Agland Co-op
2. AK Steel
3. American Electric Power – Conesville Plant
4. Clow Water Systems
5. Ferrell Gas
6. Kraft Foods
7. MCI (World-Com)
8. Ohio Bell (AT & T – Conesville, Coshocton, West Lafayette)
9. Organic Technologies
10. Pretty Products – Warehouse, Clow Lane
11. Smurfit-Stone Container
12. Tastee Apple
13. TMK Farm Service
14. Verizon Wireless – C.R. 16
Verizon Communications – Cooperdale Central Office
Verizon Communications – Warsaw Central Office
15. Wen Mar Farms, Inc.
- 35 -
FACILITY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL ANALYSIS and ASSESSMENT
Inventory filed for 2006
CHEMICAL FACILITY DATA
FACILITY NAME: Agland Co-Op, Inc. (Route 36 Crop Services)
BUSINESS PHONE: 330-340-1017 (24-hour) or 740-545-9846 (Work)
FACILITY ADDRESS/LOCATION: 23917 S.R. 93, Fresno, Ohio 43824-9411
FACILITY COORDINATOR: (names and telephone numbers)
Coordinator: Kevin Fenton
Alternate Coordinator: Josh Eells
Work Phone: 740-545-9846 Work Phone: (330) 340-4430
Home Phone:
740-498-5784
-------------------------------------------------------------Facility Information
EHS - CHEMICALS
Chemical Description
Gramoxone Intron
Cas Reg. No.
1910-42-5
Non-EHS CHEMICALS:
Harness Extra 5.6
Bicep II Magnum
Round-up Orig. Max
Round-up Weather Max
34256-82-1
87392-12-9
70901-12-1
38641-94-0
Max Amount
800 gallons
Vulnerable Zone
2,500 gallons
2,000 gallons
1,200 gallons
2,500 gallons
Worst Case Scenario: Facility is located near a trailer park and is rurally located.
Probability (Hi-Med-Lo) Low
Planning Priority (Hi-Med-Lo) High
Vulnerability Zone Description: Agland Co-Op could affect trailer park and Yellow Trucking.
Environmental Exposure: With the above mentioned EHS chemicals, aquatic life could be
affected and prolonged exposure to vapor could be fatal in some circumstance as storm sewer
goes to stream.
Name and type of equipment / supplies Agland has that could be utilized in time of
emergency:
Respirator
Non-Encapsulating suits
Boots
Gloves
Front end loaders
Dump trucks
Sorbents
----------------------------------------------------------------
EMERGENCY INFORMATION
1. Jurisdictional Fire Department:
West Lafayette Fire Department
2. Shelter(s)
Primary: West Lafayette United Methodist Church
Location: 120 West Union Street, West Lafayette, Ohio 43845
Phone Contact Number: 740-545-6368
Alternate: Coshocton Career Center
- 36 -
Location: 23640 C.R. 202, Coshocton, Ohio 43812
3. Pre-designated Traffic Control Points: S.R. 36
4. EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility: Agland receives their materials by using
U.S. 36 to S.R. 93 to entrance of facility.
5. Evacuation Routes (from facility and vulnerability zone)
1. To Red Cross shelter at West Lafayette United Methodist Church take S.R. 93 west from
facility to Kirk Street to Union Street.
2. To Red Cross Coshocton Co. Career Center take U.S. 36 west from facility to C.R. 202
to shelter.
6. Special Facilities in Vulnerable Zone (schools, nursing homes)
Remarks/Comments: Agriculture supply centers.
- 37 -
Chemical Name: Gramoxone Intron
#1910-42-5
Location: Agland Co-Op, Inc. (Route 36 Crop Services)
Quantity: 800 gallons
Properties: Colorless to yellow crystalline solid. This material is used as a contact herbicide
and desiccant. Avoid strong oxidizers because of a risk of fire or explosion.
Vulnerable Zone:
Population within: 10 employees Agland, 15 people Beutenmiller, 20 people Jones
Zylon, 8 residents, 197 residents Riverfront Estates Trailer Park
Private and Public property that may be damaged: Soluble in water. Hazardous to
fish and birds.
Environment that may be affected: Water pollution. Hazard to birds and fish.
Probability of hazard occurrence:
Consequences if people are exposed: Can cause death due to severe injury to lungs. Can
be lethal if ingested. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Consequences for property: Water pollution
Consequences of environmental exposure: Water pollution. Will be absorbed by earth, but
is not hazardous.
Probability of simultaneous emergencies:
Unusual environmental conditions: None
- 38 -
FACILITY INFORMATION
Facility Name
Street Address
Type of Facility (NAICS code)
Emergency Coordinator
a) Coordinators Name
b) Coordinators Position Title
c) Coordinators Home Phone Number
d) Coordinators Office Phone Number
Alternate Emergency Coordinator
a) Alternate Coordinators Name
b)Alternate Coordinators Title
c) Alternate Coordinators Home Phone #
d) Alternate Coordinators Office Phone #
AK Steel Corporation
17400 S. R. 16; Coshocton, OH 43812
James C. Levengood
Environmental Affairs Manager
740-344-1992 / Cell 740-704-5599
740-829-4279
Ronald E. Miller
Engineering Manager
740-632-0806 / Cell 740-502-5467
740-829-4318
GENERAL INFORMATION
Describe the area within a mile of the
facility
Which of the following special facilities are
within half a mile of the facility
What is the distance in feet from the
facility property line to the closest
residence
Surface draining from the facility goes to
Describe the delivery route of Hazardous
Materials into the facility
Describe the shipment route of Hazardous
Materials from the facility
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Other
Hospital
School
Day Care
Other
500
X Agricultural
Special Use
Open Space
Nursing Home
Jail
None
X
X
Feet
A Storm Sewer to a stream
X
A storm Sewer to a treatment system
Sewage treatment Plant
Name of receiving Stream Muskingum
River
S.R. 16 to facility Driveway
Facility Driveway to S.R. 16
- 39 -
NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Is the Facility Coordinator in charge of Emergency Response
Yes X No
If the answer is “No” identify the person in
Name
charge of Emergency Response
Title
Phone #
Does the Facility Coordinator work with the local Response Plan
Fire Department and other emergency response Notifications
X
personnel to coordinate:
Lock box
Other
Who is responsible for notification of
surrounding neighborhood in case of a chemical
incident?
Is there a written procedure in place to call for
Yes
No
X
additional assistance?
Where is the procedure located
Who is responsible for determining the potential
of actual extent of hazard for each type of
emergency?
Identify the person who can recommend
evacuation or sheltering-in-place of the
neighborhood.
Identify the principal spokesperson who will
communicate with the emergency responders in
the event of an incident
Identify the person responsible for emergency
training of personnel in your facility.
Does your facility have mutual aid agreements
with other industries?
If so, provide company name, contact, and title
Company Name
Contact
1
2
Do you have available on-site emergency
response equipment?
Do you have trained personnel to provide initial
on-site response?
If you have on-site responders are they on 24hour call
Name
Title
Phone #
Name
Title
Phone #
Name
Title
Phone #
Name
Title
Phone #
Yes
James C. Levengood
Environmental Affairs
Manager
740-704-5599
James C. Levengood
Environmental Affairs
Manager
740-704-5599
No
X
Title
Yes
X
List on next page
Yes
X – Depending
No
No
on Circumstance
Yes
No
X
- 40 -
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND RESOURCES
What chemical emergency
monitoring equipment do
you have available?
Combustible gas indicators
X
Colormetric indicator tubes
X
Photoionization detectors meter
Oxygen concentration meter
X
Others (name)
What personal protective
Respirator
equipment do you have
SCBA
available at your facility
Fully encapsulated suits
Non-encapsulating suits
X
Boots & Gloves
Helmets with eye protection
X
Goggles, Chemical
X
Other (list)
Which of the following
Foam
X Fire Equipment
X
emergency equipment is
Sand
Front-end Loaders
Sorbents
X Other (name)
Dump Trucks
Spillex Machine
Identify the personnel resources that may be called upon to support regular staff in the
event of an incident
Name
Organization
Phone #
Specialty
Does your facility have the capability for modeling a vapor cloud
from a release
Does your facility have a contract or prearrangements in place for
clean-up and removal of released chemical and all items
contaminated?
Yes
No
Yes
X No
- 41 -
X
SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Does your site have a formal Spill Prevention, Control, and
Yes X
No
Countermeasures Plan (SPCC)
Does the site have and use any secondary
X
Dikes
containment systems?
Traps
X
Absorbent materials
Neutralization Ponds
Other
How is the plant waste water handled?
Municipal Sanitary system
On-site treatment system
X
Private sanitary system
Shipped off site
X
Storm Sewer
Other (name)
How is storm water drained from the site?
Drainage ditch
Neutralizer pond
Municipal Storm water System
X
Other
How are hazardous waste handled at your
Treated on -site
facility
Stored on - site
Disposed on-site
X
Transported off-site
Other
Does your hazardous waste contain any
If Yes what EHS
Extremely Hazardous Substances?
No
X
- 42 -
CONTINGENCY PLANS OR EMERGENCY PLANS
SAFETY PLANS FOR YOUR FACILITY
Do you have a written safety plan Yes X Last date of update January 1, 2007
(Contingency or Emergency Plan) Person Responsible Jerry Sturtz
for Plan
Safety manager
Contact person for
Chad Neighbor
the plan
Safety Assistant
Office Phone #
740-829-4338
Home Phone #
740-498-6999
Are alert notification procedures to the public part of your written Yes
No
X
plan?
How often is your safety plan tested
Times per year daily
When was the last time the plan was tested
What procedure was used to
Table top Exercise
Actual incident
test the plan
Active Exercise
X Other
EVACUATION PLAN
Do you have a written evacuation Plan
Yes
X
No
Does your evacuation plan address employee
Yes
X
evacuation
Have your employees exercised the evacuation Plan
If Yes when
9/15/2006
Does your evacuation plan address area resident
Yes
No X
evacuation
EMERGENCY RELEASE NOTIFICATION
Check the local / State
LEPC X
Local Fire Department X
agencies you notify in
Ohio EPA X
Local Sheriff / Police
the event of a release
State Fire Marshal
Local EMA X
of a hazardous
Ohio Highway Patrol
Other
material or waste
Local Health Department
- 43 -
FACILITY NAME: American Electric Power
BUSINESS PHONE: 740-829-2378 (24/7)
FACILITY ADDRESS/LOCATION: 47201 C.R. 273, Conesville, Ohio 43811-9799
Coordinator: Gigi Hammond Alternate Coordinator: Mark S. Borman
Work Phone: 740-829-4065
Work Phone: 740-829-4020
Home Phone: 740-824-4794
FAX: 740-829-4080
EHS - CHEMICAL
Sulfuric Acid
35% Hydrazine Solution
Ammonia (Aqua)
CAS Registry # Max Amount
7664-93-9
7803-57-8
7664-41-7
17,965 gallons
350 gallons
8,000 gallons
Non-EHS Chemicals
50% Sodium Hydroxide
1310-73-2
Hydrocarbon: Diesel
68334-30-5
Hydrocarbon: Diesel Oil Fuel
68476-34-6
Carbon Dioxide
124-38-9
Propane
74-98-6
Gasoline
8008-20-6
Gasoline
8008-20-6
Ice Free Conveyor Glycol
111-46-6
Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCB’s 1336-36-3
Fryquel EHC
115-86-6
Calcium Oxide Lime
1305-78-8
Sodium Aluminate
1302-42-7
Fly Ash, Bottom Ash or Boiler Ash
Fly Ash
Hydrogen
1333-74-0
Hydrogen
1333-74-0
Nitrogen
7727-37-9
Sodium Hypochlorite
7681-52-9
Vertan 675 Chalant (V675)
Sodium Bromide
7647-15-6
Emulsifide Sulfur
7704-34-9
HEDP
2809-21-4
Vulnerable Zone
½ mile in all directions
27,200 gallons
11,600 gallons
1,011,500 gallons
240,000 lbs.
22,250 lbs.
6,000 lbs.
2,000 gallons
6,960 gallons
4,120 gallons
600 gallons
2,999,997 lbs.
4,000 lbs.
999,999,999 lbs.
1,999,998 lbs.
999 lbs.
200,576 gallons
140,000 gallons
8,090 gallons
6,000 gallons (10 days on site)
2,000 gallons
10,000 gallons
1,500 gallons
Worst Case Scenario: Evacuate 1 mile downwind if spill or leak. If fire, isolate or evacuate for
½ mile in all directions.
- 44 -
Vulnerability Zone Description: AEP is located near Conesville on C.R. 273. The Village of
Conesville would be affected if an evacuation would be necessary for one mile in all directions.
Conesville has an elementary school.
Environmental Exposure: With the above mentioned EHS chemicals, aquatic life could be
affected and prolonged exposure to vapor could be fatal to employees.
Name and type of equipment / supplies AEP has that could be utilized in time of
emergency:
Combustible gas indicator
Respirators
Non-Encapsulated suits
Gloves
Foam
Fire equipment
4 Front-end loaders
SCBA’s
Boots
Sand
2 dump trucks
Sorbents
----------------------------------------------------------------
1. Jurisdictional Fire Department: Conesville Fire Department
2. Shelter(s)
1.
Primary: Coshocton County Career Center
Location: 23640 C.R. 202, Coshocton, Ohio
(Note: Conesville has a school and a church that could also be used in the event of an
evacuation if that area isn’t affected in the evacuation zone. This is not a Red Cross
shelter location.)
2. Alternate: Sacred Heart School/Church
Location: 805 Main Street, Coshocton, Ohio
Phone Contact #: 740-622-8817 (Church)
740-622-3728 (School)
3. Pre-designated Traffic Control Points: C.R. 273 through Conesville to S.R.16 and then
north to Coshocton.
4. EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility: AEP receives and makes deliveries
using State Route 16 north and south.
1. To Red Cross Coshocton County Career Center shelter location; take C.R. 273 to S.R.
16. Go north on S.R. 16 to school, approximately 2 miles north turn-off to City off to City
of Coshocton.
2. To Red Cross Sacred Heart School/Church shelter location, take C.R. 273 to S.R. 16 to
S.R. 83 South turn off (approximately 1 ½ miles from Conesville). Take first left on S.R.
83 South to Second Street. From Second Street take Walnut Street to location.
- 45 -
3. If shelter in Conesville School/Church or Fire Station is outside the evacuation area, take
C.R. 273 to State Street, where each is located.
Conesville Elementary School, if evacuation area includes one mile.
Remarks/Comments: AEP provides electricity for Columbus area.
- 46 -
Chemical Name: Sulfuric Acid
#7664-93-9
Location: American Electric Power
Quantity: 17,965 gallons
Properties: Colorless to slightly yellow liquid, odorless and oily. Non-flammable. Hazardous
decomposition may form toxic materials. Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Vulnerable Zone: For spill or leak, isolate 160-330 feet in all directions. If fire, isolate for ½
mile in all directions. If fire, evacuate for ½ mile in all directions. If leak, evacuate for ½ mile
downwind.
Population within: 321 employees, 351 persons Village of Conesville, 395 persons at
Conesville Elementary (school hours)
Private and Public property that may be damaged: Hazardous decomposition is
toxic, corrosive, and an oxidizer. Runoff may be harmful to aquatic life.
Environment that may be affected: Runoff from fire control or spill may cause
pollution.
Probability of hazard occurrence: Low – Sulfuric acid is stored in tightly closed above ground
tank. System is inspected regularly.
Consequences if people are exposed: Skin-severe burns or necrosis. Eyes irritation, burns,
and blindness. Breathing-corrosive burns, lung irritation and serious damage, can be fatal if
swallowed.
Consequences for property: Slight structural damage expected.
Consequences of environmental exposure: May kill aquatic life if runoff reaches river.
Probability of simultaneous emergencies: Low
- 47 -
Chemical Name: 35% Hydrazine Solution #7803-57-8
Quantity: 350 gallons
Properties: Colorless liquid containing hydrazine and water. May have ammonia-like odor.
Keep out of water sources and sewer. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.
Containers may explode when heated. Combustible.
Vulnerable Zone: If spill or leak, isolate and evacuate for 80 to 160 feet in all directions.
Isolate and evacuate for ½ mile in all directions if involved in fire.
Private and Public property that may be damaged: Keep out of water sources and
sewer.
Environment that may be affected: Keep out of water sources and sewer. May be
corrosive or toxic and cause pollution.
Consequences if people are exposed: May be irritating to or burn the skin and eyes. May be
fatal if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through skin.
Consequences for property: Runoff may be corrosive or toxic and cause pollution.
Consequences of environmental exposure: Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or
toxic gases.
Unusual environmental conditions:
- 48 -
Chemical Name: Ammonia (Aqua)
#7664-41-7
Quantity: 8,000 gallons
Properties: Colorless gas, extremely pungent odor, liquefied by compression.
Vulnerable Zone:
Private and Public property that may be damaged:
Environment that may be affected:
Consequences if people are exposed:
Consequences for property:
Consequences of environmental exposure:
- 49 -
Facility Name
Street Address
b) Alternate Coordinators Title
Clow Water Systems Company
2266 S. 6th Street, Coshocton, OH 43812
331511 Sic: 3321
Heather Klesch
Environmental Manager
740-502-0577 (Cell 24/7)
740-291-1087
Michael Parker
Safety Manager
740-294-8127 (Cell 24/7)
740-291-1063
GENERAL INFORMATION
facility
residence
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Other
Hospital
School
Day Care
Other
25
X Agricultural
X Special Use
X Open Space
X
X
X
Nursing Home
X Jail
None
Senior Center
Feet
x
X
Name of receiving Stream Muskingum
From SR 83 to CR 271 To Clow Lane
Clow Lane to CR 271 To SR 83
- 50 -
Yes X No
Name
Shared w/
Title
Safety Manager
Phone #
740-291-1063
X
X
Lock box
Other
Who is responsible for notification of surrounding
Call to 911 / Fire Department /
neighborhood in case of a chemical incident?
Sheriff’s Department
Yes
X
No
EHS Website & EHS Office
Who is responsible for determining the potential Name
Title
emergency?
Phone #
Name
Title
neighborhood.
Phone #
Name
Heather Klesch /
Michael Parker
Title
Environmental / Safety
Manager
Phone # 740-291-1087 / 470-2911063
Name
Safety & Environmental
Departments
Title
Phone #
Yes
No
X
Company Name
Contact
Title
1
Yes
X
No
response equipment?
List on next page
Yes
X
No
on-site response?
If you have on-site responders are they on 24Yes
X
No
hour call
- 51 -
you have available?
X
X
X
X
Others (name)
# of Respirator
X
# of SCBA
# of Fully encapsulated suits
X
# of Non-encapsulating suits
Boots & Gloves
X
X
Goggles, Chemical
X
Other (list)
Foam
Fire Equipment
X
Sand
X Front-end Loaders
X
Sorbents
X Other (name)
X
Dump Trucks
X Water truck
Name
Organization
Phone #
Specialty
from a release
contaminated?
Yes
No
Yes
X No
- 52 -
X
Yes X
No
X
Dikes
Traps
X
Absorbent materials
Other
X
Shipped off site
Storm Sewer
Other (name)
Drainage ditch
Neutralizer pond
X
Other
X
Treated on –site (RCRA Exempt
facility
Waste)
Stored on - site
Disposed on-site
X
Other
If Yes what EHS
No
X
- 53 -
Do you have a written safety plan Yes X Last date of update 5/31/07
(Contingency or Emergency Plan) Person Responsible Mike Parker
for Plan
Contact person for
Mike Parker
the plan
Office Phone #
740-291-1063
Home Phone #
740-294-8127
Are alert notification procedures to the public part of your written Yes X No
plan?
Times per year
5/2007
Table top Exercise
Actual incident
test the plan
X Active Exercise
Other
EVACUATION PLAN
Yes X
No
Does your evacuation plan address employee evacuation
Yes X
No
If Yes when 2007
Does your evacuation plan address area resident evacuation
Yes
No X
- 54 -
- 55 -
2007 HAZARDS ANALYSIS
FACILITY NAME: Ferrellgas
BUSINESS PHONE: 859-200-6608-Cell 24/7
FACILITY ADDRESS/LOCATION: 53423 T.R. 508, Fresno, Ohio 43824
MAILING ADDRESS: 2770 Running Creek Drive, Florence, Ohio 41042
OWNERS: Jones-Zylon Company, 305 N. Center Street, West Lafayette, Ohio 43845
Phone: 800-848-8160 or 740-545-6341
Coordinator: David Marshall, Gen. Mgr. Alternate Coordinator: Mike Owen, Mgr.
Home: 330-343-3570
Home: 859-384-8808
Cell: 216-407-9036
Cell: 859-200-6608
Owner/Operator: Jones-Zylon Company
Work Phone: 800-848-8160 or 740-545-6341
EHS - CHEMICAL
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Vulnerable Zone
74-98-6
76,320 lbs.
(18,000 gallons)
Non-EHS CHEMICALS
None reported for 2006
Worst Case Scenario:
Probability (Hi-Med-Lo)
Planning Priority (Hi-Med-Lo)
Vulnerability Zone Description:
Environmental Exposure:
Name and type of equipment / supplies Ferrellgas has that could be utilized in time of
emergency:
----------------------------------------------------------------
1. Jurisdictional Fire Department: West Lafayette Fire Department
2. Shelter(s)
3. Pre-designated Traffic Control Points:
4. EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility:
- 56 -
Remarks/Comments:
- 57 -
Chemical Name: Liquefied Petroleum Gas
#74-98-6
Location: Ferrellgas
Quantity: 76,320 lbs. (18,000 gallons)
53423 T.R. 508
Fresno, Ohio 43824
(Range Code 4)
Properties:
Vulnerable Zone:
Population within:
- 58 -
FACILITY NAME: Kraft Foods
BUSINESS PHONE: 740-622-6433
FACILITY ADDRESS/LOCATION: 1660 South 2nd Street, Coshocton, Ohio 43812
Coordinator: Lance Fulks
Alternate Coordinator: Carl Zilla, Plant Manager
Work Phone: 740-622-6433 (24/7) Work Phone: 740-622-6433 (24/7)
Cell Phone: 740-294-1437
Cell Phone: 740-294-1798
EHS - CHEMICAL
Anhydrous Ammonia
Sulfuric Acid
7664-41-7
99,999 lbs.
7664-93-9
9,999 lbs.
Non-EHS Chemicals
Liquid Carbon Dioxide
Lubricating Oils
124-38-9
N/A
Vulnerable Zone
1 mile in all directions
99,999 lbs. (Range Code 4)
Worst Case Scenario: 1 mile in all directions for fire, or for large spills isolate for 330 feet.
Vulnerability Zone Description: Kraft Foods is located on South Second Street near the
former General Electric Company site (closed in 2004). For a one-mile area around the facility,
this would include several industrial facilities, shopping centers, trailer parks, and many small
businesses and several residences. Kraft Foods is located along the Muskingum River.
Environmental Exposure: Little to no danger to the environment. Will affect air quality in
downwind plume area.
Name and type of equipment / supplies Kraft Foods has that could be utilized in time of
emergency:
SCBA’s
Fully encapsulating suits
Boots
Fire Equipment/70 fire extinguishers
Oxygen Concentration Meter
Ammonia monitoring/Detection meters
Sorbents
Gloves
Drager Meter
Kraft Foods has signed agreement with LEPC/EMA to lend/loan equipment/supplies in
case of emergency situation.
- 59 -
----------------------------------------------------------------
1. Jurisdictional Fire Department: Coshocton City Fire Department
2. Shelter(s)
1. Primary: Sacred Heart School/Church Location: 805 Main Street, Coshocton, Ohio
Phone Contact Number: 740-622-8817 (Church)
740-622-3728 (School)
2. Alternate: Coshocton County Career Center
1. Second Street to Walnut Street to Sacred Heart.
2. Second Street to C.R. 271 to S.R. 83 South and turn right onto S.R. 16 to Coshocton
County Career Center.
4. EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility: Kraft Foods would direct all traffic to
and from South Second Street to C.R. 271 to S.R. 16.
1. Sacred Heart – South Second Street (right) to Walnut Street to facility.
2. Coshocton County Career Center – South Second Street (left) to C.R. 271 to S.R. 83
South to S.R. 16 to center.
•
•
•
•
Coshocton Senior Center, 201 Brown’s Lane, Coshocton, 740-622-4852
Windsorwood Place, 255 Brown’s Lane, Coshocton, 740-623-4600
Seton, 377 Clow Lane, Coshocton 740-622-7664
Coshocton Christian School, 355 Brown’s Lane, Coshocton, 740-622-5052
Remarks/Comments: Kraft Foods processes and manufactures Oscar Mayer Bacon. They
employ 410 and work three shifts.
- 60 -
Chemical Name: Anhydrous Ammonia
Location: Kraft Foods
#7664-41-7
Quantity: 99,999 lbs. (Range Code 4)
Properties: Colorless gas having sharp, intensely irritating odor. Corrosive.
Vulnerable Zone: Isolate in all directions 330-660 feet. Evacuate downwind of leak. Evacuate
1 mile if explosion. Evacuate ½ mile if spill.
Population within: 410 employees, 475 employees at Clow Water Systems, 233
employees at Pretty Products Warehouse, 90 employees at SanCasT, Inc., 150+
residents approximately, Windsorwood Place, Jones Oil Company, 10 employees at
Excello Fabric Finishers, Inc., 57 employees at Organic Technologies, Vickers Energy,
120 employees Trans Service, Inc., 200 persons at Buehler’s Foods, Coshocton
Christian School (Tabernacle Church), other small businesses.
Private and Public property that may be damaged: None
Environment that may be affected: Runoff from fire control or dilution water may
cause pollution.
Probability of hazard occurrence: Low
Consequences if people are exposed: Strong irritant for eyes, upper and lower respiratory
tract. Corrosive in contact with skin. Will also cause burns or frostbite when in contact with
skin. May be fatal if inhaled.
Consequences for property: Contain runoff to prevent contaminated water from reaching
ponds and river. Slight structural damage expected.
Consequences of environmental exposure: When exposed to heat, may emit toxic fumes.
- 61 -
Location: Kraft Foods
#7664-93-9
downwind.
Population within: 410 employees, 475 employees at Clow Water Systems, 233
employees at Pretty Products Warehouse, 90 employees at SanCasT, Inc., 120
employees Trans Service, Inc., other small businesses.
pollution.
swallowed.
There are (16) tow motor batteries on site. The amount of sulfuric acid in these batteries ranges
from approximately 40 lbs. / per battery to approximately 215 lbs. / per battery.
There is a total of approximately 2,000 lbs. of sulfuric acid in all (16) batteries.
- 62 -
FACILITY NAME: MCI (World-Com)
BUSINESS PHONE: 800-444-0902 (24/7)
FACILITY ADDRESS/LOCATION: 54200 T.R. 420, Fresno, Ohio 43824
Coordinator: Network Mgt. Center
Alternate Coordinator: Karen Mehta
Work Phone: 800-444-0902 (24/7)
Work Phone: 972-729-5143
Home Phone: N/A
Home Phone: N/A
EHS - CHEMICAL
Sulfuric Acid
7664-93-9
999 lbs.
Vulnerable Zone
Worst Case Scenario: Evacuate ½ mile downwind if spill or leak. If fire, isolate or evacuate for
Vulnerability Zone Description: MCI World Com is located on T.R. 420 in the Village of
Fresno. Fresno Elementary School (school closed June 2007 - building is for sale) is located
within the Village of Fresno and would be affected by an incident.
Environmental Exposure: With the above-mentioned EHS chemicals, aquatic life could be
affected and prolonged exposure could be fatal to employees.
Name and type of equipment / supplies MCI has that could be utilized in time of
emergency:
Not Known
----------------------------------------------------------------
1.
2.
Jurisdictional Fire Department: South Tuscarawas Fire Department
Shelter(s)
Primary: Coshocton County Career Center
Alternate: Sacred Heart School/Church
Location: 805 Main St., Coshocton, Ohio 43812
740-622-3728 (School)
- 63 -
3.
Pre-designated Traffic Control Points: S.R. 93 and T.R. 172
4.
EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility: Not known
5.
Evacuation Routes (from facility and vulnerability zone)
1. To Red Cross Coshocton Co. Career Center shelter location: Take T.R. 420
west to S.R. 93; take S.R. 93 south to US 36; take U.S. 36 west to C.R. 202 to
the shelter.
2. To Red Cross Sacred Heart shelter location: Take T.R. 420 west to S.R. 93; take
S.R. 93 south to U.S. 36; take U.S. 36 west to on ramp for S.R. 541/Chestnut Street.
Take Chestnut Street to 7th Street; take 7th Street to Main Street and turn left onto
Main Street; take Main Street to shelter.
Fresno Elementary School, 26366 C.R. 171, Fresno, Ohio, 740-545-6045 (school closed
June 2007 – building is for sale)
Remarks/Comments: MCI stores batteries containing Sulfuric Acid.
- 64 -
#7664-93-9
Location: WorldCom (MCI)
Quantity: 999 lbs. (Range Code 2)
downwind.
Population within: 193 persons at Fresno Elementary during school hours (school
closed June 2007 – building is for sale), Village of Fresno, and rural residents.
pollution.
swallowed.
- 65 -
Inventory Filed for 2006
FACILITY NAME: Ohio Bell Telephone Company d/b/a A T & T Ohio (formerly SBC)
BUSINESS PHONE: 24 Hour – (866) 492-6836
Ohio Bell d/b/a A T & T Ohio Environmental Management
3 FACILITY ADDRESSES / LOCATIONS IN COSHOCTON COUNTY
1. West Lafayette: 200 East Russell Avenue - Rear, West Lafayette, Ohio 43845
2. Coshocton: 641 Walnut Street, Coshocton, Ohio 43812
3. Conesville: Franklin and Milton Streets, Conesville, Ohio 43811
FACILITY COORDINATOR: Lynn Ragsdale, Environment, Health and Safety (866) 492-6836
EMERGENCY CONTACT (Coshocton location only): Wayne Cade, Site Manager
(740) 454-3433
OHIO BELL HOME ADDRESS:
Ohio Bell Telephone Company d/b/a A T & T Ohio
Environmental Management Control Center
898 Marie Lane
Conyers, Georgia 30094
EHS - CHEMICAL AT ALL LOCATIONS
CAS Registry #
Sulfuric Acid
7664-93-9
Max Amount
Vulnerable Zone
999 pounds (W. Lafayette)
½ mile in all
directions
9,999 pounds (Coshocton)
999 pounds (Conesville)
Non-EHS Chemical (at Coshocton location only):
Diesel
68476-34-6 99,999 pounds (Range Code 4)
Worst Case Scenario: ½ mile in all directions is vulnerable
Vulnerability Zone Description: Refer to attached maps of individual facility locations.
Environmental Exposure: Runoff from fire control or dilution water could cause pollution.
Reaction with water may generate much heat, which will increase the concentration of fumes in
air.
Name and type of equipment / supplies Ohio Bell has that could be utilized in time of
emergency:
- 66 -
Not Known
----------------------------------------------------------------
1. Jurisdictional Fire Department: West Lafayette Facility: West Lafayette Fire Department
Coshocton Facility: Coshocton City Fire Department
Conesville Facility: Conesville Volunteer Fire Department
2. Shelter(s)
1. Primary: Coshocton County Career Center
2. Alternate: Sacred Heart School/Church
Location: 805 Main Street, Coshocton
740-622-3728 (School)
(In West Lafayette only - Red Cross has a written agreement with the West Lafayette Methodist
Church to use that facility if necessary - For West Lafayette only - this shelter is located at 120
W. Union Street in West Lafayette) This location, however, is in ½ mile area.
Phone contact Number: 740-545-6368
Coshocton - Walnut Street to right on S. Second Street to Coshocton County Career Center
West Lafayette - E. Russell Avenue to S.R. 93 to left on S.R. 36 to Coshocton Co. Career
Center
Conesville - Franklin / Milton Streets to State Street to S.R. 16 right to Coshocton Co.
Career Center
4. EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility:
1) Coshocton – S.R. 16 to Chestnut to Second Street to 640 Walnut Street (to and from)
2) West Lafayette –S.R. 16 to S.R. 93 to Kirk Street to Russell Avenue (to and from)
3) Conesville – S.R. 16 to State Street to Franklin and Milton Streets (to and from)
(see above #4 for same routes)
Coshocton - Coshocton Central/Middle School
Coshocton Fire Department
Sacred Heart School
West Lafayette - West Lafayette Schools (High School, Jr. High, and Elementary)
Conesville - Conesville Elementary School
Remarks/Comments: Storage facilities for batteries for telecommunications.
- 67 -
Chemical Name: Sulfuric Acid #7664-93-9
Location: Ohio Bell d/b/a A T & T Ohio (West Lafayette) Quantity: 999 lbs. (Range Code 2)
downwind.
Population within: Residents within ½ mile radius, small businesses, 909 persons
West Lafayette Schools (Ridgewood District)
pollution.
Probability of hazard occurrence: Very Low. The Extremely Hazardous Substance (EHS) at
this site is sulfuric acid as part of the electrolyte in the lead-acid storage batteries that support
the stand-by power supply. As such, it is contained in closed battery cases. On rare occasion,
an old or damaged battery will leak. The leakage will be noticed by maintenance personnel and
cleaned up with absorbent material. If exposed to extremely high temperatures during a fire in
the battery room, multiple battery cases might burst, creating much more free acid and fumes in
that room.
swallowed.
Probability of simultaneous emergencies: Very low to non-existent
- 68 -
Chemical Name: Sulfuric Acid #7664-93-9
Location: Ohio Bell d/b/a A T & T Ohio (Coshocton)
downwind.
Population within: Residents within ½ mile in all directions, 276 employees at SmurfitStone Container, 67 employees at MFM Building Products Corp., employees at various
gas stations, Montessori Preschool, Sacred Heart School, Central Elementary School,
South Lawn Elementary School, Little Lambs Day Care (Pine Street), Little Lambs Day
Care (Burt Avenue), YWCA Child Care/Preschool
pollution.
Probability of hazard occurrence: Very Low. The Extremely Hazardous Substance (EHS)
at this site is sulfuric acid as part of the electrolyte in the lead-acid storage batteries that support
that room.
Consequences if people are exposed: Skin-severe burns or necrosis. Eyes-irritation, burns,
swallowed.
- 69 -
#7664-93-3
Location: Ohio Bell d/b/a A T & T Ohio (Conesville) Quantity: 999 lbs. (Range Code 2)
downwind.
Population within: 351 persons in Village of Conesville, 395 persons at Conesville
Elementary (school hours)
pollution.
Probability of hazard occurrence: Very Low. The Extremely Hazardous Substance (EHS) at
this site is sulfuric acid as part of the electrolyte in the lead-acid storage batteries that support
that room.
Consequences if people are exposed: Skin-severe burns or necrosis. Eyes-irritation, burns,
swallowed.
- 70 -
Facility Name
Street Address
d Alternate Coordinators Office Phone #
Organic Technologies
1245 South 6TH Street
2087
John Williams
EHS & S Manager
740-824-3605
740-622-0755
Mark Westbrook
EHS & S Coordinator
614-507-0749
740-622-0755
GENERAL INFORMATION
facility
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Other
Hospital
School
Day Care
Other
residence
50
X
X
X
Agricultural X
Special Use
Open Space X
Nursing Home X
X
Jail
X
None
Senior Center
Feet
X
Name of receiving Stream
SR 83 to CR 271 to Brown Lane to 6th
Street & rail
6th Street to Brown lane to CR 271 to SR
83 7 from rail
- 71 -
Yes X No
Name
John Williams
Home Phone # 740-824-3605
Office Phone # 740-622-0755
X
X
Lock box
X
Other
Per County Organic Technologies
surrounding neighborhood in case of a chemical will call 911 and dispatch will
incident?
effect notification
Yes
X
No
At the Organic Technologies Fcility
Who is responsible for determining the potential Name
David Wiley / Paul Wiley
/ John Williams
emergency?
Title
CEO / VP Eng / EHS&S
Phone # 740-622-0755
Name
City Fire & Sheriff
Title
Chief / Sheriff
neighborhood.
Phone # 911 /740-622-2411
Name
David Wiley / Paul Wiley
/ John Williams
Title
CEO / VP Eng / EHS&S
Phone # 740-622-0755
Name
John Williams
Title
EHS&S Manager
Phone # 740-622-0755
Yes
No
X
Company Name
Contact
Title
1
2
Yes
No
X
response equipment?
List on next page
Yes
X
No
on-site response?
No
X
hour call
- 72 -
you have available?
X
X
X
Others (name)
Respirator
X
SCBA
Boots & Gloves
X
X
Goggles, Chemical
Other (list)
Foam
Fire Equipment X
Sand
Front-end Loaders
Sorbents X
Other (name)
Dump Trucks
Name
Organization
Phone #
Specialty
HazMat Team
HazMat Team
911
Chemical Incident
Tuscarawas Fire
Tuscarawas Fire
911
Fire / HazMat
Coshocton Fire
Coshocton Fire
911
Fire / HazMat
Yes
No X
from a release
Yes X No
contaminated?
- 73 -
Yes X
No
X
Dikes
X
Traps
X
Absorbent materials
Other
X
X
Shipped off site
Storm Sewer
Other (name)
X
Drainage ditch
Neutralizer pond
X
Other
Treated on -site
facility
X
Accumulate on - site
X
Disposed on-site
Other
If Yes what EHS
Yes (
)
No
X
- 74 -
Do you have a written safety plan Yes X Last date of update 7/29/2005
(Contingency or Emergency Plan) Person Responsible John Williams
for Plan
Contact person for
John Williams
the plan
Office Phone #
740-622-0755
Home Phone #
740-824-3605
Are alert notification procedures to the public part of your written Yes X No
plan?
Times per year 1
Nov / Dec 2006
Table top Exercise
Actual incident
test the plan
Active Exercise
Other
EVACUATION PLAN
Yes
X
No
Does your evacuation plan address employee evacuation
Yes
X
No
If Yes when
11/2006
Does your evacuation plan address area resident evacuation Yes
X
No
LEPC X
Ohio EPA X
State Fire Marshal
of a hazardous
Ohio Highway Patrol
material or waste
Local Sheriff / Police
Local EMA X
Other
- 75 -
- 76 -
FACILITY NAME: Pretty Products, Inc. (Warehouse)
FACILITY ADDRESS/LOCATION: 592 Clow Lane, Coshocton, Ohio 43812
Coordinator: Brad McCulloch Alternate Coordinator: John Ewing
Work Phone: 740-295-5623
Work Phone: 740-295-5507
24/7:
740-295-5603
24/7:
740-295-5603
EHS - CHEMICAL
Sulfuric Acid (Battery Acid)
7664-93-9
9,999 lbs.
Vulnerable Zone
Worst Case Scenario: Evacuate ½ mile downwind if spill or leak. If fire, isolate or evacuate for
Vulnerability Zone Description: Pretty Products Warehouse is located on Clow Lane in the
City of Coshocton. Several businesses, industries, and residents would need to be evacuated
in an emergency.
Environmental Exposure: With the above mentioned EHS chemical, aquatic life could be
Name and type of equipment / supplies Pretty has that could be utilized in time of
emergency:
Gloves
Fire Equipment
Sorbents
Eye Protection
----------------------------------------------------------------
2. Shelter(s)
1. Primary: Sacred Heart School/Church
Location: 805 Main Street, Coshocton, Ohio
740-622-3728 (School)
Location: 23640 C.R. 202, Coshocton
3. Pre-designated Traffic Control Points: Clow Lane, 2nd Street, 6th Street
4. EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility: Trucks use various routes.
- 77 -
1. To Red Cross Sacred Heart School/Church shelter location, take 6th Street north to Main
Street, take Main Street east to location.
2. To Red Cross Coshocton County Career Center shelter location, take Clow Lane west to
2nd Street, take 2nd Street south to C.R. 271, take C.R. 271 south to S.R. 83, take S.R. 83
west to S.R. 16, take S.R. 16 north to U.S. 36, take U.S. 36 east to C.R. 202, take C.R. 202
to shelter.
Name
Location
Phone Contact #
Coshocton County Headstart 2282 Otsego, Avenue, Coshocton
740-622-3667
Rainbow Riverview Child Care 1160 Cassingham Hollow Drive, Cosh. 740-622-8665
Seton of Coshocton
377 Clow Lane, Coshocton
740-622-7664
Remarks/Comments: Sulfuric Acid is used in batteries in Maintenance department.
- 78 -
Chemical Name: Sulfuric Acid (Battery Acid)
Location: Pretty Products Warehouse
#7664-93-9
downwind.
Population within: 233 employees, 410 employees at Kraft Foods, 90 employees at
SanCasT, Inc., Trans Service, 475 employees at Clow Water Systems, Coshocton
County Headstart, approximately 200 persons at Rainbow Riverview Child Care,
residents at Seton of Coshocton, other small businesses, residents
pollution.
swallowed.
- 79 -
FACILITY CHEMICAL DATA
FACILITY NAME: Pretty Products, Inc.
FACILITY ADDRESS/LOCATION: 437 Cambridge Road, Coshocton, Ohio 43812
FACILITY COORDINATOR: (names and addresses)
Coordinator: Brad McCulloch
Alternate Coordinator: John Ewing
Work Phone: 740-295-5623
Work Phone: 740-295-5507
24/7:
740-295-5603
24/7:
740-295-5603
Facility Information
EHS - Chemicals
Vulnerable Zone
None Listed for 2006
Non-EHS Chemicals
P-Touluene Sulfonyl Hydrazide 1576-35-8
Sodium Sesquicarbonate
533-96-0
Zinc Stearate
Zinc Oxide
1314-13-2
99,999 lbs.
99,999 lbs.
99,999 lbs.
99,999 lbs.
(Range Code 4)
(Range Code 4)
(Range Code 4)
(Range Code 4)
Worst Case Scenario Based On EHS: ½ mile in all directions from facility if a spill. Facility is
designed to contain spill.
Probability (Hi-Med-Lo) Low Planning Priority (Hi-Med-Lo) High
Vulnerability Zones Description: Pretty Products, Inc. is located near the Coshocton County
Memorial Hospital. A large residential area is also located in this area, as well as other industry
and small businesses.
Environmental Exposure: Keep out of water and sewer systems and upwind is heavier than
air. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
Name and type of equipment / supplies Pretty Products has that can be utilized in time of
emergency:
Combustible gas indicator
Gloves
Fire equipment
Eye protection
Sorbents
-----------------------------------------------------------
2. Primary Shelters for this facility:
- 80 -
Sacred Heart
Location: 805 Main Street, Coshocton, Ohio 43812
Phone Contact Number: 740-622-8817 (Sacred Heart Church) or
740-622-3728 (Sacred Heart School)
Coshocton County Career Center
Location: 23640 C.R. 202, Coshocton, 0hio 43812
Kids America
Location: 1600 Otsego Avenue, Coshocton, Ohio 43812
Coshocton County Senior Center
Location: 201 Browns Lane, Coshocton, Ohio 43812
3. Pre-designated Traffic Control Points: Cambridge Road to Walnut Street to Burt Avenue
to school/church.
4. EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility: Trucks use various routes
Annex K — Hazardous Materials 116
- 81 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Smurfit Stone Container Corporation
500 North 4th Street
322121
Joseph Bulzan
Environmental manager
740-828-9441
740-622-6543
Randy Hothem
Technical Director
740-622-1203
740-622-6543
GENERAL INFORMATION
facility
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Other
Hospital
School
Day Care
Other
residence
150
X
X
X
Agricultural X
Special Use
Open Space X
X
X
Nursing Home
Jail X
None
Feet
X
Name of receiving Stream Tuscarawas
US 36, SR 83, or SR 16 to CR 1 to Bridge
Street to Sycamore Street to 3rd, 4th, or
5th Street into facility
To Sycamore Street to Bridge Street to
CR 1 to SR 16, SR 83, or US 36
- 82 -
Yes
No X
If the answer is “No” identify the
Name
John Jones - Randy Hothem
person in charge of Emergency
Title
Operations Manager / Technical
Response
Director
Phone #
740-622-6543
Does the Facility Coordinator work
Response Plan
X
with the local Fire Department and
Notifications
other emergency response personnel Lock box
X
to coordinate:
Other
X
Sheriff’s Office & Fire Department
surrounding neighborhood in case of
a chemical incident?
Is there a written procedure in place to Yes
X
No
call for additional assistance?
Mill website, Steering Team, Nurse
Who is responsible for determining
Name
John Jones Randy Hothem
the potential of actual extent of hazard Title
Operations Manager /
for each type of emergency?
Technical Director
Phone #
740-622-6543
Identify the person who can
Name
recommend evacuation or sheltering- Title
in-place of the neighborhood.
Phone #
Identify the principal spokesperson
Name
Dan Truett / Wes Enlow
who will communicate with the
Title
General manager / HR
emergency responders in the event of
Director
an incident
Phone #
740-622-6543
Identify the person responsible for
Name
emergency training of personnel in
Title
your facility.
Phone #
Does your facility have mutual aid
Yes
No
X
agreements with other industries?
Company Name
Contact
Title
1
Yes
X
No
response equipment?
List on next page
Yes
X
No
on-site response?
X
No
hour call
- 83 -
you have available?
X
X
X
Others (name)
Respirator
X
SCBA
Boots & Gloves
X
X
Goggles, Chemical
X
Other (list)
Foam
Fire Equipment X
Sand
Front-end Loaders X
Sorbents X
Other (name)
Dump Trucks
Name
Organization
Phone #
Specialty
from a release
contaminated?
Yes
X No
Yes
X No
- 84 -
Yes X
No
X
Dikes
X
Traps
X
Absorbent materials
X
Other
X
Shipped off site
Storm Sewer
Other (name)
Drainage ditch
Neutralizer pond
Municipal Storm Water System
X
Other
Treated on -site
facility
Stored on - site
Disposed on-site
X
Other
If Yes what EHS
No
X
- 85 -
Do you have a written safety plan Yes X Last date of update 2007
(Contingency or Emergency Plan) Person Responsible Wes Enlow, HR Director
for Plan
Contact person for
Wes Enlow, HR Director
the plan
Office Phone #
740-622-6543
Home Phone #
Are alert notification procedures to the public part of your written Yes
No
X
plan?
Times per year 1
August 2007
Table top Exercise
Actual incident
test the plan
X Active Exercise
Other
EVACUATION PLAN
Yes
X
No
Does your evacuation plan address employee
Yes
X
No
evacuation
If Yes when
8/2007
Does your evacuation plan address area resident
Yes
No X
evacuation
LEPC X
Ohio EPA X
Local Sheriff / Police (911) X
State Fire Marshal
Local EMA X
of a hazardous
Ohio Highway Patrol
Other
material or waste
- 86 -
- 87 -
FACILITY NAME: Tastee Apple, Inc.
BUSINESS PHONE: 740-498-8316 (24/7)
FACILITY ADDRESS/LOCATION: 60810 C.R. 9, Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832
FACILITY COORDINATOR: (names and telephone number)
Coordinator: C. Greg Hackenbracht
Alternate Coordinator: Jerry L. Herbert
Work Phone: 740-498-8316
Work Phone: 740-498-5164
Home Phone: N/A
Home Phone: N/A
---------------------------------------------------------------Facility Information
EHS - CHEMICALS
Ammonia
7664-41-7
750 lbs.
Vulnerable Zone
1 mile all directions
Non-EHS Chemicals at this facility
None reported in 2006
Worst Case Scenario: One (1) mile evacuation in all directions.
Probability: (Hi-Med-Lo) Low
Planning Priority (Hi-Med-Lo) Medium
Vulnerability Zone Description: Tastee Apple is seasonal and is a rural setting.
Environmental Exposure: Little to none.
Name and type of equipment / supplies Tastee Apple has that could be utilized in time of
emergency:
Boots
Gloves
Non-encapsulated suits
Sand
Fire Equipment
Front end Loader
Respirators (Ammonia masks only)
Has agreement in place with EMA/LEPC to use any of the above in an emergency.
----------------------------------- ---------------------------Emergency Information
1. Jurisdictional Fire Department: Newcomerstown Fire Department (Tuscarawas County)
2. Shelter: Would be building located in nearby Newcomerstown (Tuscarawas County)
3. Pre-designated Traffic Control Points: County Road 9
4. EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility: U.S. 36 to C.R. 9
County Road 9 to U.S. 36 and go north to Newcomerstown.
6. Special Facilities in Vulnerable Zone: (located on edge of vulnerability zone)
Newcomerstown West Elementary School
517 Beaver Street
740-498-4151
- 88 -
Newcomerstown High School
659 Beaver Street
740-498-5111
REMARKS/COMMENTS: Seasonal operations/fall/cider making facility
- 89 -
Chemical Name: Ammonia
#7664-41-7
Location: Tastee Apple, Inc.
Quantity: 750 lbs.
one (1) mile, if explosion. Evacuate ½ mile, if spill.
Population within: 100 employees, rural residents, Newcomerstown residents,
Newcomerstown West Elementary School, Newcomerstown High School
cause pollution.
Probability of hazard occurrence: Very Low
tract. Corrosive in contact with skin. Will also cause burns or frostbite when in contact with skin.
May be fatal if inhaled.
Consequences of environmental exposure: When exposed to heat, emits toxic fumes of NH3
and NOx.
Probability of simultaneous emergencies: Very Low
- 90 -
FACILITY NAME: TMK Farm Service
FACILITY ADDRESS/LOCATION: 28003 Adams T.R. 101, Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832
MAILING ADDRESS: P. O. Box 68, Bakersville, Ohio 43803
Coordinator: Mike Myers
Alternate Coordinator: Keith Vogel
Work Phone: 330-897-3911
Work Phone: 330-897-3911
24/7:
330-852-3274
24/7:
330-897-8002
FAX:
330-897-3405
FAX:
330-897-3405
Owner/Operator: Thad Gerber
Home Phone: 330-878-7227
Work Phone:
330-852-4681 Cell:
330-432-5132
FAX:
330-852-4683
EHS - CHEMICAL
Paraquat Dichloride
1910-42-5
Vulnerable Zone
999 lbs.
Non-EHS CHEMICALS
Glyphosate
38641-94-0
Worst Case Scenario:
Probability (Hi-Med-Lo)
Planning Priority (Hi-Med-Lo)
Vulnerability Zone Description: TMK Farm Service is a rural owned farm service organization
near the Village of Bakersville.
Environmental Exposure:
Name and type of equipment / supplies TMK has that could be utilized in time of
emergency:
Respirator
Boots
Gloves
Gloves
Helmet with eye protection
Sorbent
Dump trucks
Agreement exists with TMK and LEPC/EMA to use equipment/materials if necessary in an
emergency situation.
----------------------------------------------------------------
- 91 -
1. Jurisdictional Fire Department: Bakersville Volunteer Fire Department
2. Shelter(s)
Primary:
West Lafayette United Methodist Church
Location: 120 Union Street, West Lafayette, Ohio 43845
3. Pre-designated Traffic Control Points: S.R. 751 South to Orange, then go west on U.S.
36 to S.R. 93 intersection. Go west on S.R. 93
4. EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility: TMK Farm Service receives all their
material via S.R. 751 to their Bakersville facility on T.R. 101
5. Evacuation Routes (from facility and vulnerability zone) S.R. 751 South to Orange,
then go west on U.S. 36 to S.R. 93 intersection. Go west on S.R. 93
None
Remarks/Comments: TMK supplies farm/agricultural chemicals and products to area farmers.
- 92 -
Chemical Name: Paraquat Dichloride
#1910-42-5
Location: TMK Farm Service
28003 Adams T.R. 101
Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832
Quantity: 999 lbs.
Properties:
Vulnerable Zone:
Population within: 7 employees and residents
- 93 -
FACILITY NAME: Verizon Wireless – County Road 16
BUSINESS PHONE: 908-6078133
FACILITY ADDRESS/LOCATION: 3201 County Road 16, Coshocton, Ohio 43812
Alternate Coordinator: Colleen F. Casey Director,
Coordinator: Clayton Burkhart
Network Operations
Associate Director, Compliance
Work Phone: 614-560-8502
Work Phone: 908-559-7266
24/7: 800-852-2671
24/7: 800-488-7900
Parent Company Phone: 800-852-2671
Contact: 24-Hour
--------------------------------------------------------------Facility Information
EHS - Chemicals
Sulfuric Acid
7664-93-9
525.6 lbs.
Vulnerable Zone
½ mile all directions
Non-EHS Chemicals at this facility: None reported
Worst Case Scenario: ½ mile radius of facility evacuation. Isolate in all directions for 110
yards. Evacuate downwind of leak. Evacuate 1/2 mile if explosive.
Vulnerability Zone Description:
Verizon Wireless is located at 3201 County Road 16. In the event of an incident, worst case
scenario, Coshocton County Head Start and surrounding homes would have to be evacuated.
Environmental Exposure: With the above-mentioned EHS chemicals, aquatic life could be
Name and type of equipment / supplies Verizon Wireless has that could be utilized in time of
emergency:
Not Known
---------------------------------------------------------------
1.
Jurisdictional Fire Department: Coshocton City Fire Department
2.
Shelter(s) for this facility:
1. Primary:
Sacred Heart
Location: 805 Main Street, Coshocton, Ohio 43812
- 94 -
740-622-3728 (School)
2. Alternates:
Coshocton County Career Center
Kids America
Location: 1600 Otsego Avenue, Coshocton, Ohio 43812
Coshocton County Senior Center
Location: 201 Browns Lane, Coshocton, Ohio 43812
3.
Pre-designated Traffic Control Points: C.R. 16, S.R. 93 and S.R. 36
4.
EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility: C.R. 16, S.R. 93 and S.R. 36
5.
6.
1.
To Red Cross Sacred Heart shelter: Go west on C.R. 16 to Main Street. Turn
left onto Park Avenue, go 1 ½ blocks and turn right into the church parking lot.
2.
To Red Cross Coshocton Co. Career Center shelter: Go west on C.R. 16
through Coshocton, which turns into Chestnut Street. Go across the Three
Rivers Bridge and take S.R. 16 east. This turns into S.R. 36. Facility is
approximately 2 miles on the right.
3.
To Red Cross Kids America shelter: Go west on C.R .16 into Coshocton and
turn left onto Seventh Street. Proceed to Otsego Avenue and turn left. Shelter is
approximately 1 mile on the right.
Special Facilities in Vulnerable Zone (schools, nursing homes, etc.)
Name
Location
Phone Contact #
Coshocton Co. Head Start 3201 C.R. 16
740-622-3667
Remarks/Comments: Verizon Wireless is a storage location for batteries.
- 95 -
#7664-93-9
Location: Verizon Wireless – C.R. 16
Quantity: 525.6 lbs.
downwind.
Population within: Coshocton County Head Start, residents in homes near the site.
pollution.
swallowed.
Consequences for property: Will react and corrode materials in direct contact.
Unusual environmental conditions: Can react violently with strong bases and water.
- 96 -
FACILITY NAME: Verizon Communications – Cooperdale Central Office
BUSINESS PHONE: 800-386-9639 (24/7)
FACILITY ADDRESS/LOCATION: 17853 S.R. 60, Cooperdale, Ohio 43821
Coordinator: Brent A. Baden Alternate Coordinator: Compliance Service Center
Work Phone: 419-636-3755
Work Phone: 800-386-9639 (24/7)
24/7:
800-386-9639
Contact: David M. Jean, Environment Management
---------------------------------------------------------------
EHS - Chemicals
Battery Sulfuric Acid
7664-93-9
593 lbs.
Vulnerable Zone
Non-EHS Chemicals at this facility: None
Vulnerability Zone Description: Verizon Communications is located at 17853 State Route 60.
Environmental Exposure: With the above-mentioned EHS chemical, aquatic life could be
Name and type of equipment / supplies Verizon has that could be utilized in time of emergency:
Not Known
---------------------------------------------------------------
1.
Jurisdictional Fire Department: Dresden Fire Department
2.
Shelter(s) for this facility: No assigned shelter(s) . . . This is a remote site (rural).
3.
Pre-designated Traffic Control Points: State Route 60 and C.R. 54
4.
EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility: State Route 60 and C.R. 54
5.
Evacuation Routes (from facility and vulnerability zone) State Route 60 and C.R. 54
6.
Special Facilities in Vulnerable Zone (schools, nursing homes, etc.) None
- 97 -
Remarks/Comments: Verizon Communications - Cooperdale is a storage location for
batteries.
- 98 -
Chemical Name: Sulfuric Acid (Battery Electrolyte) #7664939
Location: Verizon Communications – Cooperdale Central Office
Quantity: 593 lbs.
downwind.
Population within: Undetermined within ½ mile radius to facility. Site is located in rural
area. Total population in general vicinity estimated to be 600-700 (outside ½ mile area).
pollution.
Probability of hazard occurrence: Low. All Verizon batteries are individually contained units
with the electrolyte mixture protected by acid explosion-proof casings and secured in specially
designed re-enforced battery packs.
swallowed.
Probability of simultaneous emergencies: Low. Release of battery electrolyte typically
results from accidental cracking during battery installation/removal. Trained technicians are
capable to respond and react to releases or leaks that limit the risk to human exposure.
- 99 -
FACILITY NAME: Verizon Communications – Warsaw Central Office (OH2412012)
BUSINESS PHONE: 800-386-9639 (24/7)
FACILITY ADDRESS/LOCATION: 122 Bridge Street, Warsaw, Ohio 43844
Coordinator: Brent A. Baden Alternate Coordinator: Compliance Service Center
Work Phone: 419-636-3755
Work Phone: 800-386-9639 (24/7)
24/7:
800-386-9639
Contact: David M. Jean, Environment Management
---------------------------------------------------------------
EHS - Chemicals
Battery Sulfuric Acid
7664-93-9
595 lbs.
Vulnerable Zone
Non-EHS Chemicals at this facility: None
Vulnerability Zone Description: Verizon Communications is located at 122 Bridge Street in
the Village of Warsaw. In the event of an incident, worst case scenario, the Village of Warsaw
would have to be evacuated. Special interest areas include Warsaw Elementary School and
Ravenswood Ltd., retirement apartments.
Name and type of equipment / supplies Verizon has that could be utilized in time of emergency:
Not Known
---------------------------------------------------------------
1.
Jurisdictional Fire Department: Walhonding Valley Fire District
2.
Shelter(s) for this facility:
1. Primary: Sacred Heart School/Church
Location: 805 Main Street, Coshocton
Phone Contact #: 740-622-8817 (Church)
- 100 -
740-622-3728 (School)
2. Alternate: Coshocton Co. Career Center
3.
Pre-designated Traffic Control Points: U.S. 36 and S.R. 60
4.
EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility: U.S. 36
5.
1. To Red Cross Sacred Heart shelter; go east on S.R. 36 to S.R. 36 south to bridge at
Coshocton. At bridge take Chestnut Street to Main Street or Walnut Street to facility.
2. To Red Cross shelter at Coshocton County Career Center, go east on S.R. 36 to
S.R. 36 north to facility.
6.
Special Facilities in Vulnerable Zone (schools, nursing homes, etc.)
Warsaw Elementary School
Ravenswood Ltd. (retirement apartments)
Remarks/Comments: Verizon Communications - Warsaw is a storage location for batteries
- 101 -
Chemical Name: Sulfuric Acid (Battery Electrolyte) #7664-93-9
Location: Verizon Communications – Warsaw Central Office
Quantity: 595 lbs.
downwind.
Population within: 385 students Warsaw Elementary, Ravenswood Ltd., residents of
Warsaw, businesses
pollution.
Probability of hazard occurrence: Low. All Verizon batteries are individually contained units
with the electrolyte mixture protected by explosion-proof casing and secured in specially
designed re-enforced battery packs.
swallowed.
Probability of simultaneous emergencies: Low. Release of battery electrolyte typically
results from accidental cracking during battery installation or removal. Trained technicians are
capable to respond to releases or leaks, limiting the risk to exposure.
- 102 -
FACILITY NAME: Wen Mar Farms, Inc.
FACILITY ADDRESS/LOCATION: 22368 C.R. 254, West Lafayette, Ohio 43845
Coordinator: Wendell L. Waters
Alternate Coordinator: Marcia L. Waters
Work/Home Phone: 740-545-9660
Work/Home Phone: 740-545-9660
Cell: 740-502-2050 (24/7)
Fax: 740-545-9699
EHS - CHEMICAL
Anhydrous Ammonia
7664-41-7
Vulnerable Zone
160,000 lbs.
1 mile in all directions
Worst Case Scenario: Evacuate 1 mile downwind if spill or leak. If fire, isolate or evacuate for
Vulnerability Zone Description: Wen Mar Farms, Inc. is located on C.R. 254 near village of
Isleta. Isleta would be affected if an evacuation would be necessary for one mile in all
directions.
Name and type of equipment / supplies Wen Mar Farms has that could be utilized in time
of emergency:
Not Known
----------------------------------------------------------------
1.
2.
Jurisdictional Fire Department: West Lafayette Fire Department
Shelter(s)
1. Primary: West Lafayette United Methodist Church
Location: 120 Union Street, West Lafayette, Ohio
3.
Pre-designated Traffic Control Points: C.R. 254, S.R. 751, C.R. 9
4.
EHS Transportation Routes to and from Facility: Not known
- 103 -
5.
1. To Red Cross West Lafayette United Methodist Church shelter, C.R. 254 to S.R. 751,
S.R. 751 south and west to S.R. 93 south to Union Street, Union Street to shelter.
2. To Red Cross Coshocton County Career Center shelter, C.R. 254 to S.R. 751, S.R.
751 North to 36 west to C.R. 202 to shelter.
6.
Special Facilities in Vulnerable Zone (schools, nursing homes)
Remarks/Comments:
- 104 -
Chemical Name: Anhydrous Ammonia
Location: Wen Mar Farms, Inc.
#7664-41-7
1 mile if explosion. Evacuate ½ mile if spill.
Population within: 15 employees, 13 employees Welawood Inc., residents of Isleta,
rural residents.
cause pollution.
tract. Corrosive in contact with skin. Will also cause burns or frostbite when in contact with skin.
May be fatal if inhaled.
Consequences of environmental exposure: When exposed to heat, may emit toxic fumes.
- 105 -
Tab 14
EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INFORMATION by FACILITY
This Information is normally filed in the Controlled and Sensitive Information Document
for security.
1. AK Steel
- 106 -
1. AK Steel
Facility Name
Street Address
City, State, Zip code
17400 S.R. 16
Coshocton, OH 43812
EHS Chemicals
EHS Name
Trade or Product
Name
Hydrogen Fluoride
Nitric Acid
Sulfuric Acid
CAS #
7664-39-3
7697-37-2
7664-93-9
Max
Amount
8,000
12,900
12,500
Vulnerability
Zone (Miles)
1.4 miles
1.2 miles
½ mile
Range
Code
4
4
5
2
4
4
4
3
4
4
5
3
4
Vulnerability
Zone (Miles)
½ Mile
½ Mile
1 mile
N/A
150 feet
150 feet
150 feet
½ Mile
½ Mile
150 feet
150 feet
150 feet
150 feet
4
4
5
4
4
½ Mile
150 feet
150 feet
½ Mile
150 feet
Non-EHS Hazardous Chemicals
Non-EHS Name
Sodium Hydroxide
Potassium Hydroxide
Propane
Titanium Sponge
Hydraulic Oil
Hydraulic Oil
Hydraulic Oil
Petroleum Distillate
Hydrogen
Calcium Hydroxide
Calcium Oxide
Ferrous Sulfate
Motor, Gear, Spindle,
Mist, & Hydraulic oil
Diesel fuel
Rolling Oil
Sodium Bisulfite
Carbon Dioxide
Trade or Product
Name
Kolene
CAS #
1310-73-2
1310-58-3
74-98-6
7440-32-6
Altra AW46
Altra AW32
Texaco 46
1333-74-0
1305-62-0
1305-78-8
7782-63-0
Mobil Gear 632
8021-92-9
Quaker ULSR-50-C
7631-90-5
Waste Oil
Range Code
2 = 100 to 999 pounds
3 = 1,000 to 9,999 pounds
4 = 10,000 to 99,999 pounds
5 = 100,000 to 999,999 pounds
Vulnerable Zone - Based on the data above list the affected population (by site and number)
within this maximum affected zone.
Facility
No.
Facility
No.
A K Steel (Total = 428)
Farm & Residential
208
172
Total affected Population
380
- 107 -
Facility Name
Street Address
17400 S.R. 16
Coshocton, OH 43812
Name of Extremely Hazardous Substance (EHS)
Sulfuric Acid
CAS Number of the EHS
7664-93-9
What type of container(s) is the EHS stored in? (Check all that apply)
Bottles
55 gal drums
Cylinders
X Inside tank
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
X Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
X 15 gal drums
30 gal drums
Silo
Other (identify)
Below ground, Outside Tank
How is the EHS handled (check all that X Processed
Stored
apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
What are the frequencies of shipments of this EHS? (Choose one)
Hourly
Daily X Weekly
Monthly
Other Every 5 days
What is the maximum amount you could
Gallons
# Cylinders
4,520
have on site at one time?
Pounds
Other
71,750
(See note below)
# Drums
What is your average amount on site?
Gallons
# Cylinders
4,520
(See note below)
Pounds
Other
71,500
# Drums
What is the average amount of a
Gallons
# Cylinders
3,150
shipment?
Pounds
Other
50,000
(See note below)
# Drums
NOTE - Do not use SERC codes, round the data to 3 significant figures
Example: 45,642 pounds should be entered as 45,600
What types of carrier(s) is ( are)
Pipe lines
X Commercial carriers
used for shipment(s) of this EHS?
Company carriers
(Check all that apply)
Rail Cars
Other
What unloading systems are used for X Pumping
Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
What loading systems are used for
Pumping
Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
What unloading monitoring
Automatic shut-off valves
X Plant personnel
procedures are used for this EHS?
Preventive maintenance
X Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
What loading monitoring procedures
Plant personnel
are used for this EHS?
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
Complete this page for each EHS located at the facility.
- 108 -
Facility Name
Street Address
17400 S.R. 16
Coshocton, OH 43812
Hydrogen Fluoride
7664-39-3
Bottles
55 gal drums
Cylinders
X Inside tank
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
X Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
Other (identify)
How is the EHS handled (check all
Stored
X Processed
that apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily X Weekly
Monthly
X Other Every 5 days
What is the maximum amount you could Gallons
# Cylinders
4,500
Pounds
Other
43,875
(See note below)
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
4,500
(See note below)
Pounds
Other
43,875
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
4,000
shipment?
Pounds
Other
39,000
(See note below)
# Drums
What types of carrier(s) is( are)
Pipe lines
Company carriers
Rail Cars
Other
What unloading systems are used
Manual
X Pumping
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
Pumping
Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
X Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
What loading monitoring
Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
- 109 -
Facility Name
Street Address
17400 S.R. 16
Coshocton, OH 43812
Nitric Acid
7697-37-2
Bottles
55 gal drums
Cylinders
X Inside tank
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
X Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
Other (identify)
Below ground, Outside Tank
Stored
X Processed
that apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily X Weekly
Monthly
X Other Three times a week
# Cylinders
5,200
Pounds
Other
90,500
(See note below)
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
5,200
(See note below)
Pounds
Other
90,500
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
2,700
shipment?
Pounds
Other
47,000
(See note below)
# Drums
Pipe lines
Company carriers
Rail Cars
Other
Manual
X Pumping
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
Pumping
Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
X Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
- 110 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Clow Water Systems
2266 S. 6th Street
Coshocton County, OH 43812
EHS Chemicals
EHS Name
Formaldehyde;
Phenol
Phenol
Phenol
Sulfuric Acid
Trade or Product Name
Isocure I IM 397 C
Isocure I IM 397 C
Pep Set X I 1000
Reno Rock BTW Ram
Sulfuric Acid
CAS #
108-95-2
7664-93-9
Max
Amount
14,685 lbs
14,685 lbs
600 Gal
10,000 lbs
550 Gal
Vulnerability
Zone (Miles)
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
Non-EHS Name
65% Silicon Carbide
Briquettes
Anode Butts
Armstrong Cement Type V
High Sulfate
Quick Lime
Calcium Silicon
Coke
Foundry Sand
Refrigerated Liquid
Refrigerated Liquid
Water Base Pipe paint
CAS
#
Max Amount
135,000 lbs
Vulnerability
Zone (Miles)
½ mile
135,000 lbs
280,000 lbs
½ mile
½ mile
170,650 lbs
42,500 lbs
3,000,000 lbs
1,557,700 lbs
30,400 lbs
95,000 lbs
60,000 Gal
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
Nitrogen (liquid)
½ mile
Oxygen (liquid)
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
Facility
No.
Facility
No.
Clow Water Systems
400
Rainbow Riverside Child Care
200
SanCasT Inc.
90
Seton of Coshocton
150
Pleasant Valley School
60
Pretty Products
150
Autumn Health Care
200
Coshocton County Head start
50
Muskingum Valley Grinding Shop 20
3080
Complete this page once for each facility.
- 111 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Clow Water Systems
2266 S. 6th Street
Coshocton, OH 43812
Isocure I IM 397 C
Bottles
55 gal drums
Cylinders
Inside tank
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
X Tote Bin
Other (identify)
Stored
X Processed
that apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
Other
# Cylinders
Pounds
Tote Bins
2
(See note below)
# Drums
Other
Gallons
# Cylinders
(See note below)
Pounds
Tote Bins
1
# Drums
Other
Gallons
# Cylinders
shipment?
Pounds
Tote Bins
1
(See note below)
# Drums
Other
Pipe lines
Company carriers
Rail Cars
Other
Manual
X Pumping
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
Pumping
Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
- 112 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Clow Water Systems
2266 S. 6th Street
Coshocton, OH 43812
Pep Set X I 1000
108-95-2
Bottles
55 gal drums
Cylinders
Inside tank
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
X Tote Bin
Other (identify)
Stored
X Processed
that apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
Other
# Cylinders
Pounds
Tote Bins
2
(See note below)
# Drums
Other
Gallons
# Cylinders
(See note below)
Pounds
Tote Bins
1
# Drums
Other
Gallons
# Cylinders
shipment?
Pounds
Tote Bins
1
(See note below)
# Drums
Pipe lines
Company carriers
Rail Cars
Other
Manual
X Pumping
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
Pumping
Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
- 113 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Clow Water Systems
2266 S. 6th Street
Coshocton, OH 43812
Sulfuric Acid
7554-93-9
Bottles
Cylinders
Inside tank
X 55 gal drums
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
X Tote Bin
Other (identify)
Stored
X Processed
that apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
Other
# Cylinders
Pounds
Tote Bins
10 x 55 Gal
(See note below)
# Drums
Other
Gallons
# Cylinders
(See note below)
Pounds
Tote Bins
# Drums
Other
6 x 55 Gal
Gallons
# Cylinders
shipment?
Pounds
Tote Bins
(See note below)
# Drums
Other
6 x 55 Gal
Pipe lines
Company carriers
Rail Cars
Other
Pumping
X Manual
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
Pumping
Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
- 114 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Clow Water Systems
2266 S. 6th Street
Coshocton, OH 43812
Reno Rock Ram BTW
Bottles
55 gal drums
Cylinders
Inside tank
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
Other (identify)
50 Lb Box
Stored
X Processed
that apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
Other
# Cylinders
Pounds
Other
200 Boxes
(See note below)
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
(See note below)
Pounds
Other
200 Boxes
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
shipment?
Pounds
Other
200 Boxes
(See note below)
# Drums
Pipe lines
Company carriers
Rail Cars
Other
Pumping
X Manual
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
Pumping
Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
- 115 -
Facility Name
Street Address
1245 South 6th Street
Coshocton, OH 43812
EHS Chemicals
EHS Name
Trade or Product
Name
66 Baume
95% Tech
Anhydrous
34-70% in water
Sulfuric Acid
Trimethyl Chlorosilane
Ammonia
Nitric Acid Solution
CAS #
Max
Amount
86,000 lbs
1,500 lbs
750 lbs
1,500 lbs
Vulnerability
Zone (Miles)
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
CAS #
Range
Code
4
Vulnerability
Zone (Miles)
½ mile
141-78-6
75-07-0
1310-73-2
822852-2
64-17-5
5
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
7664-93-9
75-77-4
7664-41-7
7697-37-2
Hazardous Chemicals
Non-EHS Name
Ethyl Acetate / SDA
Alcohol
Ethyl Acetate
Acetaldehyde
Sodium Hydroxide
Acetic Acid
Ethyl Alcohol
Acetone
Methyl Formate
Di-N-Butylamine
IsoHexanes
Methyl Alcohol
Potassium Hydroxide
Xylenes
Heptane
Nookatone Solution
Trade or Product
Name
Vinegar 30%
SDA Alcohol
Acetone Solution
107-31-3
111-92-2
Methanol
Solution
C3 – C6 Napth
Kerosene
Valencene Solution
Decanal Solution
67-56-1
7732-18-5
1330-20-7
142-82-5
8008-20-6
½ mile
½ mile
150 ft
150 ft
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
150 ft
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
½ mile
Range Codes
3 = 1,000 to 9,999 pounds
4 = 10,000 to 99,999 pounds
5 = 100,000 to 999,999 pounds
- 116 -
Facility
No.
Facility
No.
40
Taylor Hardware
20
Buehler’s Food Market
200
Family Physicians of Coshocton
50
Coshocton Grain
20
South Lawn School
100
Beach Company
24
Aldi Food Market
50
Senior Center
100
Kids America
100
Windsorwood Place
200
2500
- 117 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Coshocton, OH 43812
Sulfuric Acid
7664-93-9
Bottles
55 gal drums
Cylinders
Inside tank
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
X Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
Other
(identify)
Plastic Tote
X
How is the EHS handled (check all that X Processed
Stored
X
apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly X Other Irregular
What is the maximum amount you could
Gallons
# Cylinders
Pounds
Other
86,000
(See note below)
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
(See note below)
Pounds
Other
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
3000
shipment?
Pounds
Other
(See note below)
# Drums
What types of carrier(s) is (are) used X Commercial carriers
Pipe lines
for shipment(s) of this EHS? (Check
Company carriers
all that apply)
Rail Cars
Other
Manual
X Pumping
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
Manual
X Pumping
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
X Tank gauges
Other
X Alarms Level
X Plant personnel
X Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
- 118 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Coshocton, OH 43812
Trimethylchlorosilane
75-77-4
Bottles
Cylinders
Inside tank
X 55 gal drums
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
Other (identify)
Stored
X Processed
X
that apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
X Other Irregular
# Cylinders
110
Pounds
Other
(See note below)
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
55
(See note below)
Pounds
Other
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
55
shipment?
Pounds
Other
(See note below)
# Drums
Pipe lines
Company carriers
Rail Cars
Other
Pumping
X Manual
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
What loading systems are used for X Pumping
X Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Other
X Alarms
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Other
X Alarms
- 119 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Coshocton, OH 43812
Ammonia
7664-41-7
Bottles
55 gal drums
Cylinders
Inside tank
5 gal containers
Carboy
Outside tank
X 150 lb cylinders
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
Other (identify)
Stored
X Processed
that apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
X Other Irregular
What is the maximum amount you
Gallons
# Cylinders
could have on site at one time?
Pounds
Other
750
(See note below)
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
(See note below)
Pounds
Other
300
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
shipment?
Pounds
Other
450
(See note below)
# Drums
Pipe lines
Company carriers
Rail Cars
Other
Pumping
X Manual
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
What loading systems are used
Pumping
X Manual
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Other
X Alarms
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Other
X Alarms
- 120 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Coshocton, OH 43812
Nitric Acid
7697-37-2
Bottles
Cylinders
Inside tank
X 55 gal drums
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
Other (identify)
Stored
X Processed
that apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
X Other Irregular
# Cylinders
Pounds
Other
1,500
(See note below)
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
(See note below)
Pounds
Other
650
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
shipment?
Pounds
Other
650
(See note below)
# Drums
Pipe lines
Company carriers
Rail Cars
Other
Pumping
Manual
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
Pumping
Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Other
X Alarms
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Other
X Alarms
- 121 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Coshocton, OH 43812
EHS Chemicals
EHS Name
Cyclohexylamine
Sulfuric Acid
Cyclohexylamine
Conquor CNQR 3588
Nalbrite 4210
Nalco 356-corrosion
inhibitor
Sulfuric Acid
CAS #
108-91-8
7664-93-9
108-91-9
Max
Amount
255 Gal
1200 Gal
255 Gal
Vulnerability
Zone (Miles)
½ Mile
½ Mile
½ Mile
7664-93-9
5,500 Gal
½ Mile
Non-EHS Name
CAS #
Pulping Liquor
Black Liquor
Diesel Fuel
Lubrication Oil
Sodium Hydroxide
Oxygen
Sodium Carbonate
1310-72-2
Charcoal
Liquid
7782-44-7
Amers 8870-Wet Strength
Aid
Nalco 8623 – Deformer
Nalstrip 12- Felt Wash
Nalstrip 1702-Felt Wash
Nalco 7667-Wetting
Agent
Nalco 7190 PlusWastewater Polymer
497-19-8
Black Liquor Filtrate
Kerosene
Wastewater Treatment
Plant Nutrient-SS 2003
Range
Code
4
6
4
4
5
4
4
4
Vulnerability
Zone (Miles)
½ Mile
½ Mile
½ Mile
150 feet
½ Mile
½ Mile
½ Mile
4
4
3
3
4
6
5
3
4
N/A
½ Mile
½ Mile
½ Mile
Range Codes
3 = 1,000 to 9,999 pounds
4 = 10,000 to 99,999 pounds
5 = 100,000 to 999,999 pounds
6 = 1,000,000 to 9,999,999 pounds
- 122 -
Facility
No.
Facility
No.
Montessori Preschool/Daycare
50
Village Inn & Suits
200
City Water treatment Facility
10
Sheriff Office & Jail
200
Coshocton Public Library
25
Coshocton County Court House
100
Coshocton City Hall
100
2118
- 123 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Coshocton, OH 43812
Conquor CNQR 3588
108-91-8
Bottles
55 gal drums
Cylinders
X Inside tank
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
Other (identify)
Stored
X Processed
that apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
Other
Gallons
# Cylinders
225
Pounds
Other
(See note below)
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
150
(See note below)
Pounds
Other
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
255
shipment?
Pounds
Other
(See note below)
# Drums
Pipe lines
Company carriers
Rail Cars
Other
What unloading systems are used X Pumping
Manual
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
Pumping
Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
Facility Name
- 124 -
Street Address
Coshocton, OH 43812
Nalbrite 4210
7664-93-9
Bottles
55 gal drums
Cylinders
X Inside tank
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
Other (identify)
Stored
X Processed
that apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
X Other Semi-annually
Gallons
# Cylinders
1,22
Pounds
Other
(See note below)
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
600
(See note below)
Pounds
Other
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
300
shipment?
Pounds
Other
(See note below)
# Drums
Pipe lines
Company carriers
Rail Cars
Other
Manual
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
Pumping
Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
- 125 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Coshocton, OH 43812
Nalco 356-corrosion inhibitor
108-91-8
Bottles
55 gal drums
Cylinders
X Inside tank
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
Other (identify)
Stored
X Processed
that apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
Other
Gallons
# Cylinders
255
Pounds
Other
(See note below)
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
150
(See note below)
Pounds
Other
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
255
shipment?
Pounds
Other
(See note below)
# Drums
Pipe lines
Company carriers
Rail Cars
Other
Manual
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
What loading systems are used for X Pumping
Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
X Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
- 126 -
Facility Name
Street Address
Coshocton, OH 43812
Sulfuric Acid
7664-93-9
Bottles
55 gal drums
Cylinders
Inside tank
5 gal containers
Carboy
150 lb cylinders
X Outside tank
10 gal drums
Battery
400 lb cylinders
Inside vat
15 gal drums
Bag
One ton cylinders
Rail Car tank
30 gal drums
Silo
Other (identify)
Stored
X Processed
that apply)
Produced
Other (identify)
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
Other
Gallons
# Cylinders
5,500
Pounds
Other
(See note below)
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
2,500
(See note below)
Pounds
Other
# Drums
Gallons
# Cylinders
4,000
shipment?
Pounds
Other
(See note below)
# Drums
Pipe lines
Company carriers
Rail Cars
Other
Manual
for this EHS?
Gravity
Other
Pumping
Manual
this EHS?
Gravity
Other
X Plant personnel
procedures are used for this EHS? X Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
Plant personnel
Tank gauges
Alarms
Other
- 127 -
FLOODING and DAMS
ANNEX L
HAZARD PLANNING - NATURAL HAZARDS
The following Annex L contains natural hazard specific information and action plans for the following
emergencies:
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Flooding and Dams
Tornadoes and Severe Storms
Winter Storms
APPENDIX A: FLOODING and DAMS
I. PURPOSE
Coshocton County’s highest-ranking hazard, regarding frequency of emergencies, is flooding.
Flooding could develop from river overflows, flash, small stream, or urban flooding. Ice jam flooding in
the winter has also produced problems in certain areas. History shows all types of the above
mentioned kinds have occurred in Coshocton County.
II. SITUATION and ASSUMPTION
SITUATION - Coshocton County has seven (7) different waterways. They are the following:
1. Killbuck Creek - (Clark and Bethlehem Twp.)
2. Kokosing River - (New Castle Twp.)
3. Mohican River - (Tiverton and New Castle Twp.)
4. Muskingum River - (Jackson, Tuscarawas, and Franklin Twps.)
5. Tuscarawas River - (Oxford, Lafayette, and Tuscarawas Twps.)
6. Walhonding River - (New Castle, Jefferson, Bethlehem, Keene, Tuscarawas, and Jackson Twps.)
7. Wills Creek - (Linton Twp.)
Several larger creeks in the county have overflowed their banks damaging public and private
properties in the area. These creeks include the following:
1. Killbuck Creek - This creek begins in Medina County, passes down through Wayne and Holmes
County and pours into the Walhonding River in Coshocton County at the village of Clark near the
Holmes and Coshocton county line. This causes significant increase in the water level in the river that
runs through Clark and Bethlehem townships and in the Walhonding River, which flows to Coshocton
where the water then runs into the Muskingum River. Heavy rainfalls in any of the four (4) counties
have an affect on these waterways. Roadways scattered throughout all townships involved that are
near this waterway will close at several locations. This includes state, county, and township roads.
2. Doughty Creek - This creek enters Coshocton County from the north near the village of Clark in
Clark Township. The Doughty Creek runs into the Killbuck Creek. Melting snow and rainfall north of
the county affects this waterway immediately. This creek closes roads in Clark Township.
3. Mill Creek - There are two creeks known as the little and big Mill Creek. Little Mill Creek affects
Crawford, Millcreek, and Keene Townships. Big Mill Creek affects Millcreek and Keene Townships.
This water eventually goes to the Walhonding River and then the Muskingum River. Both these
creeks will overflow and close state, county, and township roadways every time flooding occurs in the
county.
Annex L
Appendix A: Flooding and Dams 2007
-1-
FLOODING and DAMS
4. White Eyes Creek - This creek forms from the north in Crawford Township and affects Crawford,
White Eyes, and Lafayette Townships. This creek flows into the Tuscarawas River in Lafayette
Township.
5. Evans Creek - This creek forms from the north near Bakersville in Adams Township. It then runs
into Oxford Township and into the Tuscarawas River in Oxford Township.
6. Wills Creek - This creek enters the county from Guernsey County near Kimbolton. This creek
causes great concern for residents in Linton Township and around the village of Plainfield. This creek
exits the county at Maysville in Muskingum County.
While these six (6) creeks cause flooding, Coshocton County also has many smaller streams that
contribute to the flooding and can cause damage to many roadways in the county. In wet and heavy
rain periods, they soon overflow and can create major problems. Often these runs/streams gather
debris when water raises that flow into culverts and small bridge structures and back up water with
small trees and other debris.
ASSUMPTIONS: It is certain that flooding will always be a problem in Coshocton County. While
certain measures, such as keeping streams cleared of debris can be conducted, flooding is a
certainty. Heavy, sudden rains, that occur in a short time period, collect as the water concentrates
into larger and larger streams.
Flooding occurs when normally dry land is inundated with water (or flowing mud). Flooding may arise
from bodies of water overflowing their banks, structural failure of dams, or rapid accumulation of runoff
or surface water. The most concerning factor of flood planning is the suddenness of onset. In the
case of flash flooding and dam failure, the flood elevations in relation to topography and levels of
structures are vital concerns.
Another contributing factor to flood damage is the velocity or “energy” of moving waters. The debris
carried by the water and the extended duration of floodwaters are also a factor to be considered.
Disease and insect problems occur often when waters stay stagnant.
Flooding is known to occur in any given month of the year, predominately in the late winter, due to the
frozen ground, melting of snow and early spring storms. Summer and winter flooding, however, is just
as threatening.
The fore-mentioned waterways in Coshocton County are all bodies of water that are subject to
overflowing no matter the size. The size of the stream is often misleading. Small streams that
receive substantial rain or snowmelt, locally or upstream, can overflow their banks. High-velocity, low
elevation flooding can be dangerous and damaging. Six (6) inches of moving water can knock a
person off their feet. Twelve (12) inches of water, flowing at ten miles per hour, carries the force of a
100 mile per hour wind. Lack of vegetation enhances runoff.
With Coshocton County’s susceptibility to flooding, ice jam floods, and debris jams, another factor
plays into the changing patterns of floodways. This change is brought about by building structures in
the flood prone areas. Changes in bridges, roadways, and stream banks induce erosion and
contribute to changes in the flood patterns.
Coshocton County is a floodplain county. Citizens have access to the National Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP), Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM), and Flood Hazard Boundary Maps
Annex L
-2-
FLOODING and DAMS
(FHBM). Enforcement of the Floodplain Management Program is performed out of the services of the
Coshocton County Development/Regional Planning Department for the county, the Coshocton City
Service Director for areas involving the City, and the Village of Warsaw regulates what is located
within that city/village boundary.
COSHOCTON DAM CLASSIFICATION
Ohio Dam Safety Laws are contained in portions of Title XV, Chapter 1521 of the Ohio Revised Code,
construction of dams, dikes and levees.
Dams are divided into four classes, class I, class II, class III and class IV. Guidelines for classification
are divided in 1501:21-13-01 of Revised Code.
Class I dams have storage volume greater than five thousand acre-feet or a height of greater than
sixty feet when failure of the dam would result in probable loss of human life or serious hazard to
health, serious damage to homes, high-value industrial or commercial properties, or major public
utilities.
Class II, III, and IV are downed in feet; forty, twenty-five and fifteen feet respectfully.
For the purposes set forth in section 1521-062 of the Revised Code, the chief of the Division of Water
reserves the right to re-classify any dam at any time in the event that said dam becomes a threat or
danger to life, health, or property as a result of circumstances not in existence at the time said dam
was initially classified pursuant to divisions of this rule. Coshocton County has four (4) class one
dams.
Two of these dams are Army Corps of Engineer dams and are dry dams used to prevent and control
flooding. They are the Wills Creek Dam and the Mohawk Dam. Neither of these dams was
constructed for recreational purposes and both are earthen dams. This means they were not meant
to hold back water for a significant period of time. To do so could increase the risk of dam failure.
Coshocton County has four (4) Class I dams:
DAM
Township Location
Mohawk Dam
Jefferson and New Castle
Wills Creek Dam
Franklin
Montgomery Pond Dam Jackson
Sunset Lake Dam
Jackson
Description
Dry dam
Dry dam
Privately owned, small size
Privately owned, small size
The Mohawk and Wills Creek Dams are two flood control dams built in 1938 as a result of the 1913
flood. They are a part of the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District’s flood control conservation
program. These two dams are rolled earthen dams and constructed by the U.S. Corp. of Engineers.
Both dams are the responsibility of the Corp of Engineers and are in the Huntington District of the
Corp Engineer’s jurisdiction.
Two other class I dams are the Montgomery Pond Dam and the Sunset Lake Dam. Both are located
in Jackson Township. However, neither of these two dams is considered a great risk to the county.
That is not so say that some emergency could not develop from either of those areas and that some
planning regarding these two areas should not be considered. These are both privately owned dams.
Annex L
-3-
FLOODING and DAMS
Flooding occurs frequently in Coshocton County at all times of the year.
Coshocton County is listed under the 100 Year Floodplain with the National Flood Insurance Program.
Floodplain management is the responsibility of the Coshocton County Engineer.
IV ORGANIZATION and ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
Refer to Basic Plan, Section 2.8 - Assignment of Responsibilities.
V ADMINISTRATION and LOGISTICS
Refer to Basic Plan, Annex A - Direction and Control.
VI PLAN DEVELOPMENT and MAINTENANCE
Refer to Basic Plan, Section 2.3 - Plan Development and Maintenance.
VII AUTHORITIES and REFERENCES
Refer to Basic Plan, Section 2.5 Authorities and References.
VIII ADDENDUMS
Tab 1 - Map showing Major Rivers/Waterways
Tab 2 - Flooding / Ice Jam Information and Checklist
Tab 3 - Flood Mitigation
Tab 4 - Ice Jams
Tab 5 - Flood Insurance
Tab 6 - Emergency Preparedness Checklist
Annex L
-4-
FLOODING and DAMS
Tab 1
MAJOR RIVERS and WATERWAYS
pict0.jpg
Annex L
-5-
FLOODING and DAMS
Tab 2
FLOODING / ICE JAMS
Types of Flooding:
River Flooding
Urban Flooding
Flash Flooding
Ice Jam Flooding
DEFINITIONS:
RIVER: Flooding along rivers is a natural and inevitable part of life. Some floods occur seasonally
when winter or spring rains, coupled with melting snows, fill river basins with too much water, too
quickly.
URBAN: As land is converted from fields or woodlands to roads and parking lots, it loses its ability to
absorb rainfall. Urbanization increases runoff two to six times over what would occur on natural
terrain. During periods of urban flooding, streets can become swift moving waters.
FLASH: A flash flood is a heavy rain that can cause sudden flooding in specific areas, especially
where streams, creeks, and flooding is imminent. Flash floods happen very quickly and people
should move to higher ground. Look out for water rising rapidly. Nearly half of the flash flood fatalities
are vehicle related.
ICE JAMS: Floating ice that can accumulate at a natural or man-made obstruction and stop the flow
of water can result in flooding.
FACTS: Water weighs 62.4 lbs. per cubic foot and typically flows downstream at 6 to 12 miles per
hour. When a vehicle stalls in water, the water’s momentum is transferred to the car. For each foot
the water rises, 500 lbs. of lateral force is applied to the car. But the biggest factor is buoyancy. For
each foot the water rises up the side of the car, the car displaces 1,500 lbs. of water. In effect, the car
weighs 1,500 lbs. less for each foot the water rises. Two feet of water will carry away most vehicles.
Annex L
-6-
FLOODING and DAMS
Tab 3
FLOODING / ICE JAMS
Flooding is the most common, most costly natural calamity known. Floods are an unavoidable fact of
life along streams and rivers. Floods occur when streams overflow their banks and spill onto the
floodplain. Loss of life and property can result where people have built homes and structures in the
flood prone areas.
FLOOD MITIGATION
You cannot prevent floods, so in an effort to reverse the trend of rising flood related problems, local,
state, and federal agencies have undertaken various programs such as:
1. Constructing dams, dikes, and levees to reduce flooding.
2. Forecasting floods so that people can be evacuated in a more timely fashion.
3. Mapping land areas subject to future flooding.
4. Establishing regulations limiting unwise floodplain construction.
These programs have the common goal of reducing flood damages through the wise use of
floodplains. Floodplain Management Concepts lists the first steps in planning a floodplain
management program is to determine the amount of land area that would be inundated by such a
flood. The 100-year flood has become the accepted standard. It is a statistically determined event
that has a one-percent chance of occurring in any given year, or on the average, once in a 100-year
period. This does not mean that if there is such a flood this year, it will not happen again for another
100 years. There have been instances where floods of this size have occurred within 10 years of
each other.
FLOODPLAIN REGULATIONS
Coshocton County is a floodplain county. That is where the community floodplain regulations are
designed to guide floodplain development to lessen the damaging effects of floods. Floodplain
regulations may include zoning, building codes, and subdivision regulations. For most effective
management, a combination of the three techniques needs to be used.
For regulatory purposes, the floodplain is further divided into an area in which development controls
vary depending upon flood risk. The floodway includes the channel and those parts of the adjoining
floodplain that are required to convey the 100-year flood. The floodway is the area where the fastest
downstream flow takes place. Since this area must carry floodwaters, no construction or land filling
should be permitted. The floodway fringe is that area in the floodplain not required for carrying
floodwaters. Construction and development in the floodway fringe will not interfere with the flow of
floodwaters and such activities may be undertaken if properly protected to or above the 100-year flood
level. Building codes and subdivision regulations provide an efficient means of regulating construction
in the floodway fringe.
Annex L
-7-
FLOODING and DAMS
Tab 4
ICE JAMS
Ice jam situations rarely cause a major concern. They are a common factor with winter weather and
the freezing and thawing out, then freezing again.
However, ice jams have been known to be a problem for Coshocton County. While incidents differ, it
is difficult to address an ice jam specifically since where the ice jam is located and the type of weather
we are having at the time of the jam, largely reflects on the response needed to deal with the
situation.
There are four (4) basic ways of dealing with an ice jam:
1. Leave it alone.
2. Leave it alone, but monitor it by changing conditions.
3. Use equipment to move ice, bust ice, or dig out around ice.
4. Blast ice.
NOTE: ORC 1533.58 INSTREAM BLASTING (ODNR Division of Wildlife)
No person shall use explosives in the waters of the state unless it is for engineering purposes and
with the written permission of the Chief of the Division of Wildlife.
To blast ice, please know that it can cause fish kill, damage river structure and bridge structure, and
should require a permit from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources through the Divisions of
Water or the Wildlife Preserve. Blasting of ice is only effective when conditions are right for the ice
and the water, and should only be done by trained blasting contractors.
LOG JAMS
Debris deposition and sedimentation during flood events add to property damage and cleanup costs.
Logs and other drift swept along in floodwaters can collapse buildings and cause structural failure of
bridges and culverts. Debris lodged in bridge and culvert openings causes flood stages to rise above
unobstructed flood levels, resulting in more inundation and property damage than would otherwise
occur. Log jams existing in the channel prior to flood events also create backwaters, which prolong
the duration of the standing water problems during smaller, more frequent flood events.
Log jam removal is a very complex issue. Contact the Coshocton County Soil and Water
Conservation Service in the County Services Building, 724 S. 7th Street for more information
regarding removal of log jams.
Annex L
-8-
FLOODING and DAMS
Tab 5
FLOOD INSURANCE
Flooding is one of the perils not covered by a standard homeowner’s policy. It is simply impossible for
the private insurance sector to spread the potentially huge flood loss payments over large enough
numbers of policyholders. To overcome this, the U.S. Congress, in 1968, created the National Flood
Insurance Program to provide affordable flood insurance through a federal subsidy. However,
Congress specified that such insurance can only be sold in communities that enact the federal
government with evidence that such regulations have been adopted.
COSHOCTON COUNTY, CITY OF COSHOCTON, AND THE VILLAGE OF WARSAW ARE AMONG
THE LIST OF 01110 COUNTIES AND MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS THAT HAVE 100-YEAR
FLOODPLAINS WITH REFERENCE TO THE NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM. THIS
PROGRAM IS VOLUNTARY. (This list was taken from an updated March 18, 2003 listing from Ohio
Department of Resources — Division of Water.)
For each local floodplain, a manager must be identified. The manager's primary responsibility is the
administration and enforcement of community flood damage prevention regulations. These managers
need to review proposed activities to ensure that the development is protected from the expected
flood risk and to determine that a development will not increase the flood hazard to others.
The following is a checklist of the manager's responsibilities:
• Conduct inspections of development to ensure compliance.
• Take enforcement actions to resolve noncompliance development.
• Interact in the appeals and variance process to advise applicants and provide technical information
to the review board.
• Maintain records of development compliance as required by NFIP.
• Maintain current floodplain maps and flood data.
• Coordinate map appeals and revisions.
• Disseminate floodplain management information.
• Identify opportunities for reducing flood damage potential.
ROLE OF COSHOCTON COUNTY EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
The Coshocton County EMA office is responsible for the coordination of local-level emergency
preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation within the jurisdiction and acts as liaison of Ohio
EMA when state assistance is required during emergencies. During the disaster preparedness and
recovery, opportunities to reduce future potential for flood damage can be identified and implemented.
ROLE OF THE INDIVIDUAL
It is the responsibility of the resident home owner to determine the risk of rising water damage and to
obtain adequate insurance if necessary. Home owners can obtain more information by visiting
floodsmart.gov for additional information.
Annex L
-9-
FLOODING and DAMS
Tab 6
PERSONAL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS CHECKLIST
Learn how to protect yourself and cope with disaster by planning ahead. By discussing the ideas
below with your family and having the disaster supplies kit assembled, you will be more prepared
when a disaster strikes.
FLOOD MITIGATION
• Know your flood risk and elevation above flood stage. Do your local streams or rivers flood easily?
If so, be prepared to move to a place of safety. Know your evacuation routes.
• Remember, homeowners’ policies do not cover flood damage. Coshocton County is a floodplain
county; therefore, the National Flood Insurance Program is available.
• Make sure your main electric panel is at least 12” above the projected flood elevation for your home.
• Consider elevating all electric outlets (including light switches, sockets, baseboard heaters and
wiring) at least 12” above the projected flood elevation.
• Place your washer, dryer, furnace and water heater above potential floodwaters.
• A fuel tank should be secured to the floor. Propane tanks are the property of the propane company,
so you will need written permission to anchor them.
• Install a floating floor drain plug at your current drain location.
• To prevent sewage from backing up into your home, have a licensed plumber install an interior or
exterior backflow valve.
• Everyone in your household should know how to turn off the gas, water and electricity at the main
switches.
• Keep your vehicle fueled. If electric power is cut off, gas stations may not be able to operate pumps
for several days.
CREATE A PERSONAL EMERGENCY PLAN
• Meet with household members and discuss the disasters that could happen in your area. Natural
hazards in Coshocton County include flooding / ice jams, severe storms / tornadoes, winter storms,
and drought. (Contact your local Emergency Management (EMA) office for additional information.)
• Discuss how to respond to each disaster.
• Draw a floor plan of your home and mark two escape routes from each room.
• Pick two meeting places: One near your home in case of fire.
One outside your neighborhood in case you cannot return home.
• Choose one out-of-state and one local friend or relative for family members to contact if separated in
a disaster.
• Make sure everyone in your household knows how to turn off the water, gas and electricity at main
switches.
• Post emergency telephone numbers near telephones.
Annex L
-10-
FLOODING and DAMS
• Teach children how and when to call 911 and how to make long distance phone calls.
• Learn about emergency plans for your children’s school or day care center.
• Keep family records in a water and fireproof container.
• Make sure everyone knows where to find the Evacuation and Car Kits and Family Records
container. Checklists for assembling Emergency Kits are published on the Coshocton EMA
web site at www.coshoctonema.com.
Annex L
-11-
TORNADOES and SEVERE STORMS
ANNEX L
APPENDIX B
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this appendix is to identify response and procedures used in case of a tornado
watch, warning, or high wind incident.
SITUATION
1. Many severe thunderstorms with high wind down drafts have been recorded doing damage
and harm to people and property and even causing death. Many destructive severe storms did
the damage attributed to tornadoes. Past history in Coshocton County does not record
tornadoes.
2. Severe thunderstorms are usually accompanied by lightning. Lightning has killed persons in
Coshocton County. Lightning kills people when they fail to take cover.
3. Since tornadoes can occur at any time of the year or time of day, Coshocton County is at risk
at any given time.
4. Tornado conditions are common in the spring. Therefore, the majority of the public
education on tornado awareness is done in the spring of the year.
5. Annually, a booth is set up at the Coshocton County Fair for seven days. Booth visitors are
provided educational and informational materials. The materials describe how to find the safest
shelter, what types of buildings provide best shelter and where to take shelter in the building.
6. Preparedness measures are highly encouraged and information is available on how to
develop a family plan and what supplies should be contained in a family disaster supplies kit.
7. The EMA web site (www.coshoctonema.com) offers preparedness information suited to
seasons of the year and suggestions for emergency kits for several different conditions.
8. County Sky Warn volunteers are the “eyes for the county” when severe weather threatens.
The local REACT is also active, as are the Sheriff’s deputies on patrol, some firemen, and
certain individual citizens who have received Sky Warn training. A list of current Sky Warn
volunteers is available in the EMA office.
Annex L
Appendix B: Tornadoes and Severe Storms 2007
-1-
ASSUMPTIONS
1. The National Weather Service will not always forecast Coshocton County to be in a severe
weather situation because of their distance from this county and the limitations of monitoring
and forecasting equipment.
2. In the event of that local weather gets severe or when a trained spotter has notified the
Sheriff’s Department that severe weather is threatening, the Sheriff's Office will initiate a
warning. All notification messages are issued by the Coshocton County Sheriff's Office, which
is staffed 24 x 7. This will enable residents time to seek shelter.
3. There is a need to build public consciousness about tornadoes and the effects of severe
storms. Coshocton County participates in the Annual Statewide Severe Weather Awareness
Week each spring. Both public and private schools hold drills that coincide with the Statewide
Tornado Drill. Each school has its own disaster plan and these plans are tested at this drill time.
4. Nursing homes and extended care facilities also participate in this safety week.
5. Public education awareness is made available through news releases to local media (press,
radio and television), public service announcements and special speaking engagements.
6. Many people are killed each year by not heeding warnings. These people failed to take
shelter and became vulnerable and occasionally become casualties.
7. It is equally important to avoid using electrical appliances. Power surges from lightning can
damage electrical appliances or overload the A/C compressor, resulting in a costly repair.
Talking on a telephone is dangerous as telephone lines and metal pipes conduct electricity.
1. National Weather Service releases continuous notices when weather conditions become
severe. Using radio and television, the public can monitor local conditions.
2. All hazard radios are valuable for receiving weather alerts. All hazard radios have been
installed by the EMA office in more than twenty county buildings, all schools, and vital public
service departments such as the sheriff, fire and EMS.
3. Trained Sky Warn spotters and Sheriff's deputies begin to monitor and pay special attention
to weather conditions.
4. Once there is evidence that a warning is necessary, the sheriff will release a notice using the
Emergency Alert System, radio and cable television. Radio is the best media for public source
of weather warnings and notification for the public.
IV. ORGANIZATION and ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES
Refer to Basic Plan, Basic Plan 2.8 Assignment of Responsibilities
Annex A - Direction and Control.
Annex L
-2-
V. ADMINISTRATION and LOGISTICS
VI. PLAN DEVELOPMENT and MAINTENANCE
Refer to Basic Plan, Section 2.3.
VII. AUTHORITIES and REFERENCES
VIII. ADDENDUMS
Tab 1 - Severe Storm / Tornado Information
Tab 2 - Severe Thunderstorm Checklist
Tab 3 - Tornado Emergency Checklist
Tab 4 - Lightning Checklist
Tab 5 - Sky Warn Storm Spotters
Tab 6 - Hazardous Weather Web Links
Annex L
-3-
Tab 1
TORNADO / SEVERE STORM INFORMATION
Thunderstorms usually form when the air is moist and warm. The warm air rises, then cools,
letting the moisture it contains form clouds. Thunderstorms are built up by huge, gray-black
cumulonimbus clouds that can stretch up so high into the atmosphere that water in the highest
regions becomes ice crystals. These crystals usually melt to form rain, but when they remain
frozen, will fall as hailstones.
A supercell storm is one that has managed to gain control of a large area and keep it to itself,
not sharing its fuel (warm, moist surface air) with surrounding storms. The supercell efficiently
takes in surface air (its fuel), sucks it high up into the storms structure, “processes” it, and then
re-deposits the air and moisture through its downdraft mechanism. Supercells are recognizable
by an enormous central column of a cauliflower-shaped cloud. It sucks up air through an uptake
or inflow area in its rear (an area usually marked as the “rain free base”, where little or no
precipitation is falling). The heated and energized air from the surface screams to the top of the
cloud structure, possibly 50,000 feet into the atmosphere and becomes denser than the air
around it and then slows down. Condensed moisture forms droplets of rain or ice crystals.
Supercells can send down an inch of rain in a mere ten minutes or shower the ground with
baseball-sized hailstones. The greater the updraft, the larger the hail will be. Throughout the
storm’s mature and dying phases, severe weather - including tornadoes - is possible.
A lot can be learned about the severity of the storm by simply looking at cloud structures. Wall
clouds are most likely to produce tornadoes. Wall clouds lurk in the area where updraft and
downdraft come together (between the ‘rainy’ areas of the storms and the rain free base). The
wall cloud could maintain its position in the downdraft / updraft area for quite some time. The
entire wall cloud will likely be moving in a huge circular motion.
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground and
is capable of destroying homes and vehicles and can cause fatalities. Tornadoes can occur at
any time of the year. They may appear nearly transparent until dust and debris are picked up or
a cloud forms in the funnel. Tornado behavior is never precisely predictable. The typical
tornado moves SW to NE, but can move in any direction. It may or may not touch the ground,
touch and vanish, rise and touch again, or even spin in one spot for several minutes.
Tornadoes most likely occur between 2 and 10 p.m., but can occur at any time of the day or
night. They typically have a loud, continuous roar or rumble that doesn’t fade in a few seconds
like thunder. Frequently, small, bright, blue-green to white flashes at ground level are seen due
to power lines being snapped. The tornado’s shape can also differ, looking like a long, thin rope
or an upside-down bell. The length from the base of the funnel to the tip of its “trunk” can be
from 800 to 2,000 feet. Faster upper winds usually blow the top of the funnel more quickly than
the lower portion, making the tail seem to drag behind.
Annex L
-4-
TORNADO / SEVERE STORM INFORMATION
A well-known scale is used to represent the destructiveness of tornadoes. This scale is called
the Fujita-Pearson Tornado Scale or the F-scale. The Fujita scale should be used with caution,
however. Specific wind speeds are still largely undetermined. Different winds may be needed
to cause the same damage depending on how well built a structure is, wind direction, wind
duration, battering by flying debris, and other factors. The process of rating the damage is
largely a judgment call. Even meteorologists and engineers highly experienced in damage
survey techniques may come up with different F-scale ratings for the same damage.
The following table shows the F-scale in more detail:
F-scale
Type of Tornado
Intensity
Estimated
Wind
Speeds
FO
Gale Tornado
Weak
40-72 mph
Fl
Moderate
Tornado
Weak
73-112
mph
F2
Significant
Tornado
Strong
113-157
mph
F3
Severe Tornado
Strong
158-206
mph
F4
Devastating
Tornado
Violent
207-260
mph
F5
Incredible
Tornado
Violent
261-318
mph
F6
Inconceivable
Tornado
Violent
31 8-379
mph
Annex L
Description of Damage
Some damage to chimneys; breaks
tree branches; damage to signboards.
Peels shingles off roof; tips over
mobile homes and cars; downs trees
and power lines.
Roofs torn off; mobile homes
destroyed; trees uprooted; cars
blown off roadways.
Walls torn down from homes; rural
buildings demolished; trains
overturned; cars thrown.
Well-constructed homes leveled;
large flying debris; cars twisted.
Homes lifted off foundation and carried
considerable distances; cars thrown
100 yards.
None ever recorded; the wind
speeds are very unlikely. It would be
difficult to measure; no objects would
be left to study.
-5-
Tab 2
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CHECKLIST
FACTS — Thunderstorms are intense local storms, averaging 20 miles across and reaching as
high as ten (10) miles. They occur anywhere.
A thunderstorm is a storm with lightning caused by changes in the air pressure. Severe
thunderstorms can bring heavy rains (that can cause flash flooding), strong winds, hail and
tornadoes. At any given moment, nearly 1800 thunderstorms are in progress over the face of
the earth.
WHAT SHOULD CITIZENS DO?
• Turn on the local (WTNS) radio station for the latest advisories or weather bulletins.
• Keep an eye of the sky and look for darkening skies, flashes of light, or increasing wind.
Listen for thunder.
• If you hear thunder, you are close enough to the storm to be struck by lightning. Go to a safe
shelter immediately.
• Keep car windows closed if you are in a car.
• Telephone lines and metal pipes can conduct electricity. Avoid using the telephone or any
electrical device or appliance.
• Avoid taking a bath or shower or running water for any other purpose.
• Turn off air conditioners. Power surges from lightning can overload the compressor.
• Draw blinds shades or curtains over windows. If windows break due to objects blown by the
wind, the closed blinds or curtains will prevent glass from shattering into your home.
• If you are outside, take shelter under the shortest trees.
• If you are boating or swimming, go to land and find shelter immediately.
• Go to a low-lying, open place away from trees, poles, or metal objects.
• Make sure the place is not flood prone.
• Be a small target and squat low to the ground. Place your hands on your knees with
your head between them. Make yourself as small a target as possible.
• Do not lie on the ground. This will make you a larger target.
Annex L
-6-
THUNDERSTORM INTENSITY LEVEL CHART
LEVEL ESTIMATED PRECIPITATION INTENSITY - RATE PER HOUR
1
2
3
4
5
6
Light
Moderate
Heavy
Very Strong
Intense
Extreme
less than 0.1”
0.1 to 0.5”
0.5 to l.0”
1.0 to 2.0”
2.0 to 5.0”
more than 5.0”
WIND SPEED ESTIMATIONS CHART:
MPH EVALUATION
0
1 - 3
4 - 7
8 - 12
13 - 18
19 - 24
25 - 31
32 - 38
59 - 46
47 - 54
55 - 63
64 - 72
73 - above
Smoke rises vertically
Direction shown by smoke drift
Wind felt on face, leaves rustle
Leaves and small twigs in motion, light flags extended
Dust raised, loose paper raised, small branches move
Small leafy-trees move, crested wavelets form on lakes and ponds
Large branches in motion, whistling in telephone wire and wire fences
Whole trees in motion, inconvenience in walking into the wind
Twigs break off; impedes walking
Slight structural damage (chimneys, shingles, etc)
Trees uprooted, widespread structural damage, mainly roofs
Damage to structures major and widespread, roofs and windows damaged
Major and extreme damage
ESTIMATING HAIL SIZE:
Pea size
Marble size
Dime size
Quarter size
Golf ball size
Baseball size
¼ inch
½ inch
¼ inch
1 inch
1 ¼ inches
2 ¾ inches
TORNADO TYPES
MINT
MEDI
MAXI
(snake or rope) 25-75 yards in diameter
(elephant trunk) 1/8 to ¼ mile in diameter
(column) ¼ to 1/2 mile in diameter
Annex L
-7-
Tab 3
TORNADO EMERGENCY CHECKLIST
TORNADO WATCH:
Code YELLOW means to use caution, a tornado or severe weather is possible.
•
Listen to cable TV or regular local television channels for weather updates.
•
Listen to WTNS radio, FM 99.3 and AM 1560.
•
Watch for bad weather, if it looks bad, start thinking about what to do if a storm
enhances.
•
Secure loose objects outside (such as trash cans, lawn furniture, etc.)
•
Close blinds and curtains.
•
Close room-dividing doors.
•
Close all exterior and interior doors.
•
Designated safe area should be checked to assure that they are ready if needed.
•
Important records should be secured.
•
35% of all tornadoes occur without formal warning.
TORNADO WARNING:
Code RED means a funnel cloud has been spotted and to seek shelter immediately.
•
All persons should now be moved into designated areas.
•
Staff should go to designated areas.
AFTER A TORNADO OR DANGER IS PAST:
Code GREEN is the all clear signal given, if damage has been received to home or building the
following checklist should be followed:
1. Never use matches, candles, or cigarettes in the area where tornado damage has
occurred since there could be a gas leak.
2. Shut off the main gas line to the damaged building(s).
3. Shut off the main electrical panel if any part of the electrical system is damaged.
4. Assist in evacuation of all persons from damaged buildings.
Annex L
-8-
5. If you need to evacuate your building see ‘Evacuation Checklist’.
6. Shut off the main water line only if water lines are broken.
7. Watch for fallen power lines.
8. Assign people to keep people away from dangerous areas until emergency crews get
there.
Annex L
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Tab 4
LIGHTNING CHECKLIST
FACTS — Lightning has been known to strike up to 15 miles away from a parent cloud. Nothing
else can compare to the instantaneous release of intense energy as lightning. It travels at more
than 100,000 miles per second, 3 to 4 miles in length and produces more than 100 million volts
at a temperature five times greater than the surface of the sun. There is no other power on
earth that matches a lightning bolt.
Lightning strikes about 8 million times each day or about 100 times per second around the
circumference of the globe — a rate of discharge that represents about 4 billion kilowatts of
continuous power.
Lightning is the atmosphere’s way of balancing the electrical charge between itself and the
earth’s surface through thunderstorms. It “looks” for the shortest path to the earth’s surface and
is attracted to any object taller than ground level.
The average length of a lightning bolt is 3 to 4 miles. The average diameter of a lightning bolt is
1 to 5 inches. Lightning travels at about 100,000 miles per second.
Despite the false evidence provided by the human eye, lightning leaps NOT from the sky to the
earth but from the ground to the cloud.
Lightning is attributed for many structural and forest fires each year.
KNOWING WHAT TO DO IS IMPORTANT WHEN LIGHTENING IS OCCURRING.
Preparedness, before and after electrical storms, can help prevent disasters.
Persons should keep alert to the weather and, when threatening conditions first develop, radio
weather updates are the best way to keep up on a storm status.
Keep an eye on the sky. Look for darkening skies, flashes of light, or increasing wind. Listen
for the sound of thunder.
If you hear thunder, you are close enough to the storm to be struck by lightning. Go to a safe
shelter immediately.
IF SOMEONE IS STRUCK BY LIGHTNING:
People do not carry an electrical charge and can easily be handled safely.
Call for help by calling 911.
The person struck by lightning has received an electrical shock and may be burned both where
they were struck and where the electricity left their body. Check for burns in both places.
Give first aid. If breathing has stopped, begin rescue breathing. If the heart has stopped
beating, a trained person should give CPR.
Annex L
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Tab 5
SKYWARN STORM SPOTTERS
SKYWARN is a voluntary program, developed by the National Weather Service, to improve the
warning program. SKYWARN volunteers serve as storm spotters for the NWS and local
emergency management programs. Volunteers serve as important information gatherers by
identifying specific weather conditions as they happen. Current information that is reported to
Pittsburg NWS office is used to sharpen the accuracy of the next weather forecast.
Training is held annually with the instruction done by the NWS personnel. The Coshocton
County Emergency Management Agency (EMA) office schedules a training opportunity every
two (2) years for interested residents.
The training lasts from two to three hours and includes technical weather terms with their
meanings explained. Later, spotters receive by mail, a card with a phone ID, to use to call in a
weather spotting event.
Some groups, offices, departments or individuals that have radio capability may direct their
communications to the Sheriff’s office or weather service. Telephone is many times the only
method of communications to the Sheriff’s office or NWS. Collect calls may be made to the
NWS.
REPORT SIGHTINGS TO THE SHERIFF’S OFFICE OR THE NWS:
1. What you have seen: cloud, tornado, funnel cloud, heavy rains.
2. Where you saw it:
The direction and distance from a known location, e.g., 3 miles south of Coshocton.
3. Make note of the time when observed.
4. Where was it going:
Describe the storm’s direction and speed of travel, size and intensity, and
destructiveness. Include any amount of uncertainty, as needed, i.e., “funnel cloud; no
debris visible at the surface, but too far away to be certain it is not on the ground.”
5. Use your Spotter Identification Code to validate the call.
6. Report:
Tornado, hail, size of hail, damaging wind, flooding, rain if greater than an inch per hour.
Annex L
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Tab 6
Hazardous Weather Web Links
1. Storm Prediction Center (SPC)
www.spc.noaa.gov
- Convective Outlooks
- Mesoscale / Convective Discussions
- Storm Reports
- Composite National Radar / Watches / Warnings / Outlooks
www.weather.gov
2. National Web Site
- Access to all web pages in the country
- National Overview of watches/warnings and statements
3. Ohio River Forecast Center (OHRFC) www.erh.noaa.gov/ohrfc
- Precipitation Forecast (QPF)
- Flash Flood Guidance FFG)
- Advanced Hydrological Prediction Service (AHPS)
- River Forecasts
4. Local Office Links
- Cleveland
- Wilmington
- Pittsburgh
- Charleston
- North Webster
www.erh.noaa.gov/cle
www.erh.noaa.gov/iln
www.erh.noaa.gov/pbz
www.erh.noaa.gov/rlx
www.crh.noaa.gov/iwx
5. Hydrometeorological Prediction Center
www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov
- Excessive Rain Potential
- Flash Flood / Flood Potential
- Snowfall Forecasts
- National Surface Map (Fronts / Pressure)
6. NOAA Weather Radio
www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr
7. NWS Publications
www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures.shtml
8. Wind Chill Chart
www.nws.noaa.gov/om/windchill/index.shtml
9. Heat Index Chart
www.crh.noaa.gov/pub/heat.htm
10. National Climate Data Center www.ncdc.noaa.gov
Climate Data
Archive of National Weather Service Products
County Cooperative Observation
Annex L
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WINTER STORMS
ANNEX L
APPENDIX C:
WINTER STORMS
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this appendix is to address winter storms hazards and to provide action plans for
residents.
SITUATION
1. Some degree of winter emergency will affect Coshocton County each year. Winter storms can last
several days and be accompanied by high winds, freezing rain or sleet, heavy snowfall, and extreme
cold.
2. Severe winter conditions can isolate the public by becoming stranded on roadways or trapped at
home without heat or utilities and vital services.
3. Preparing for winter is essential for the citizens of Coshocton County, as well as emergency
response groups including sheriff, fire, EMS, public works agencies and departments, utility
companies, both public and private, and other emergency volunteer groups.
4. Residents of Coshocton County need to prepare for and expect to receive the following winter
conditions:
1. Blizzards and heavy snow
2. Freezing rain
3. Power outages affecting phones, water supplies and heat
4. Impassible road conditions and becoming stranded
5. High winds
6. Ice jams
7. Cold weather exposure
8. Frozen pipes
ASSUMPTIONS
1. There is a need to educate the public to take emergency precautions ahead of the storm.
Supplies, water and emergency kits and household plans should be prepared before severe weather
arrives.
2. Educational programs on winter preparedness and education are done annually by way of media
releases and distribution of brochures and pamphlets.
3. Residents need to know how to winterize their home and characteristics of a safe auxiliary heating
source for the home. Home owners need to know how to wrap pipes to assist in keeping them from
freezing.
4. Learn how to keep warm in a cold house by layering clothing and by putting blankets over windows
and doorways, etc.
Annex L
Appendix C: Winter Storms 2007
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WINTER STORMS
5. See the Emergency Preparedness Checklist on The EMA's web site (www.coshoctonema.com) for
winter action items.
6. The Sheriff may call a Snow Emergency. This will be accomplished by using the Emergency Alert
System and cable television. However, if power is out, only those with the battery-operated radios will
hear the advisories. All Hazard Alert Radios can be purchased in department and electronic stores
and are backed up by battery.
1. THE CITIZENS OF COSHOCTON COUNTY
•
The National Weather Service (NWS) will typically predict an advancing winter storm.
Local radio (WTNS), and cable television will relay the approaching storm information and
predict duration, snow fall, wind, and temperature.
•
Sheriff's deputies on duty monitor local road conditions and advise of dangerous road
conditions.
•
Avoid unnecessary auto trips. Many times the Sheriff will come on the radio with a
message, while we may not be under a Snow Emergency, that unless you “have to travel”
it is advised that you stay home.
2. THE EMERGENCY RESPONDER
•
Winter storms do not take exception to the emergency responder who has to make the
usual number of calls for emergencies due to illness, fires, or complaints. It is escalated
due to the weather situation with more calls of sickness, with some weather related.
There are more house fires due to people trying to keep warm using unsafe heating
practices, and an abundance of accidents due to the icy and snowy roadways.
•
The emergency responder also needs to practice and prepare ahead of time, ways and
means to lessen their burden in time of severe winter weather. Reliable vehicles with
good tires are of utmost importance. Pack extra clothing.
•
It is important that the citizens of Coshocton understand that even if they are stranded at
home, so may the emergency workers. Departmental SOPs are developed for this type
of situation to try to get personnel to work; however, transportation may be impossible.
3. SCHOOLS
•
All schools in the county have All Hazard Weather radios. Once the forecast is to such a
point, the school has written plans on when to dismiss the children and start sending them
home if school is in session. Procedures vary depending upon the school district. If the
forecast and weather situation is evident before the school day starts, school will be
canceled for that day.
4. SPECIAL NEEDS RESIDENTS
•
Special needs persons, such as the elderly who live alone and the handicapped, need
special attention in extreme winter weather. When the EOC is activated, emergency
Annex L
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WINTER STORMS
responders will make every effort to arrange assistance for these residents. See the
Basic Plan for more details.
IV. ORGANIZATION and ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES
Refer to Basic Plan, Basic Plan 2.8 - Assignment of Responsibilities
Annex A - Direction and Control.
In extreme winter weather, when there is significant power outages and blizzard conditions, it is
possible that the Emergency Operation Center will be activated to coordinate the relief help.
FEMA Policy and Guidelines for Public Assistance
www.fema.gov/rrr/pa/9523_1.shtm
9523.1 Snow Assistance Policy
VIII. ADDENDUMS
Tab 1 - Declaration of Restricted Road Use
Annex L
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WINTER STORMS
Tab 1
Declaration of Restricted Road Use
Section 311.07 of the Ohio Revised Code authorizes the Sheriff to restrict or close normal vehicular
travel, excluding emergency and public safety vehicles, on the county and township roads of
Coshocton County, Ohio, during times of extreme weather or other emergency situations, so as not to
interfere with those work vehicles and crews authorized to combat the emergency and promote public
safety.
LEVEL 1:
Roadways are hazardous with blowing and / or drifting snow.
Roads are also icy.
Drive very cautiously.
LEVEL 2:
Roadways are hazardous with blowing and / or drifting snow.
Only those who feel it is necessary to drive should be out on the roadways.
Contact your employer to see if you should report to work.
LEVEL 3:
All roadways are closed to non-emergency personnel.
No one should be out during these conditions unless it is absolutely necessary to travel.
All employees should contact their employer to see if they should report to work.
Those traveling unnecessarily on the roadways may subject themselves to arrest.
There will be no enforcement of Level I or 2, unless that particular situation creates a condition that is
unsafe to that vehicle or public travel upon that roadway.
There will be enforcement action taken for unnecessary vehicular travel for those found driving under
a Level 3 warning, if that driving creates a safety concern or causes a risk of physical harm to
authorized users of the roadway, or impedes the movement of those public safety vehicles needing to
be on the roadway to combat the emergency weather conditions or to promote public safety.
Source: Coshocton County Sheriff's Office, May 2007
Annex L
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RADIOLOGICAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. PURPOSE .............................................................................................................................................................2
II. SITUATION AND ASSUMPTIONS....................................................................................................................2
III. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS ..........................................................................................................................3
A. General Operations ......................................................................................................................................3
B. National Incident Management System (NIMS) .......................................................................................4
C. Disclaimer ......................................................................................................................................................4
D. Specific Concepts .........................................................................................................................................4
E. Exposure Control ..........................................................................................................................................5
F. Victim Support ..............................................................................................................................................6
G. State Resource Support ..............................................................................................................................6
H Federal Support .............................................................................................................................................7
IV. ORGANIZATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES................................................................7
A. Hazard Assessment..........................................................................................................................................7
B. Assignment of Responsibilities .......................................................................................................................7
V. DIRECTION AND CONTROL ............................................................................................................................8
A. Emergency Operations Center .......................................................................................................................8
B. On-Scene Actions .............................................................................................................................................8
C. Firefighting .........................................................................................................................................................9
D. Notifications .....................................................................................................................................................10
E. Radiological Assessment...............................................................................................................................10
F. Decontamination .............................................................................................................................................10
VI. CONTINUITY OF GOVERNMENT ................................................................................................................10
VII. ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS ..........................................................................................................11
A. Training.........................................................................................................................................................11
B. Exercises......................................................................................................................................................11
C. Equipment....................................................................................................................................................11
VIII. PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE............................................................................................11
IX. AUTHORITIES AND REFERENCES ............................................................................................................11
X. ADDENDA .........................................................................................................................................................12
XI. AUTHENTICATION ..........................................................................................................................................13
Tab 1 - Emergency Reporting Checklist........................................................................................................14
Tab 2 - Radiological Incident Catagories ......................................................................................................15
Tab 3 - Radiological Detection Equipment....................................................................................................16
Tab 4 - Initial Actions for Radiological Incidents ..........................................................................................17
Annex L – Appendix D: Radiological 2007
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RADIOLOGICAL
I. PURPOSE
Identify the aspects, concepts, organizational responsibilities, and resources that will be used to
reduce the potential impact of radiological or nuclear incidents in Coshocton County.
1. Situation
a. Radioactive materials may occasionally be discovered in scrap yards, landfills,
residences, and other places in the public domain. Such unlicensed materials typically
have minimal impact to public safety.
b. There may be institutions, facilities, or temporary work sites that use, store or
transport licensed radioactive materials within the county. Information about such
licensees in Coshocton County can be obtained from the Ohio Department of Health,
Bureau of Radiation Protection.
1. While many types of incidents involving radioactive materials could occur, the threat
of a transportation accident involving radioactive sources is the primary concern for
Coshocton County.
a. A checklist of items to be reported following a radiological accident is included as
Tab 1 of this Annex, Accident Reporting Checklist.
b. Initial response guidance for incidents involving radioactive materials can be
obtained in the Department of Transportation (DOT) North American Emergency
Response Guidebook (NAERG).
c. A decision-making guide for actions to take following a radiological incident is
included as Tab 4 of this Annex, Radioactive Materials Accident Flow Chart.
2. Coshocton County could be affected by a terrorism event involving radioactive or
nuclear materials. Such events may include Radiological Dispersion Devices (RDD)
or Improvised Nuclear Devices (IND).
a. The detonation of an Improvised Nuclear Weapon (IND) or Radiological
Dispersion Device (RDD) would cause a significantly larger radiological hazard than
a transportation accident in which radioactive materials are involved.
b. It is not possible to predict the size of the event or the specific areas that would be
directly affected. The number of devices deployed by terrorists could be one or more.
c. IND detonation preparedness remains a necessary activity as long as stockpiles
of nuclear materials exist and the number of nations and/or terrorist organizations
with sufficient technological development to produce nuclear weapons continue to
grow.
d. RDD detonation preparedness remains a necessary activity due to the relative
ease for a terrorist to acquire materials and construct such a weapon.
The detonation of an IND could yield the following:
e. 1 Shock wave (overpressure hazards)
e. 2 Thermal pulse (flash effect and fire hazards)
e. 3 Radiation pulse (initial gamma and neutron emission hazards)
e. 4 Electromagnetic pulse (damage to sensitive electronics)
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RADIOLOGICAL
e. 5 Radioactive fallout (radiation exposure and particle contamination
hazards).
f. The detonation of a RDD could yield the following:
f. 1 Contamination (localized particulate and downwind plume deposition)
f. 2 Ionizing radiation exposure (doses likely non-lethal)
f. 3 Public perception (panic based on lack of risk perspective)
3. Radiological incidents will require certain capabilities that are beyond the scope of
resources of Coshocton County.
4. Radiological instruments have been issued from the Ohio Emergency Management
Agency to Coshocton County EMA Coshocton County EMA has provided such
instruments to response organizations See Tab 3, Radiological Equipment
Information.
5. Nuclear Power Plant emergency response activities are beyond the scope of this
Annex. Such activities are identified in the State of Ohio Plan for Emergencies at
Licensed Nuclear Facilities.
B. Assumptions
1. Radioactive materials discovered in scrap yards, landfills, residences, and other
places in the public domain would likely pose little hazard to people or the environment.
Potential hazards may include contamination and exposure.
2. Shipments of limited quantities of radioactive materials occasionally become involved
in accidents and could yield a release of contents. However, the potential contamination
and/or exposure hazards from such events are assumed to be low.
3. Large quantities of radioactive materials are shipped in special containers designed
to withstand severe accident conditions. Such containers can contain amounts of
radioactive material that if released due to accident, could cause serious health and
safety issues over large areas due to contamination and/or exposure.
4. The detonation of an IND may involve hundreds of thousands of casualties.
5. The detonation of a RDD may involve no casualties, but mass panic.
6. Coshocton County will require assistance in the development of a radiological
protection system that adequately addresses preparedness, response, and recovery
objectives for any radiological event affecting the county.
A. General Operations
1. Notification of response organizations for radiological incidents is documented in the
Emergency Resource Catalog.
2. Communications issues are addressed in Annex B, Communications.
3. The discovery of unlicensed radiological sources, transportation incidents, or fixed
facility incidents where radiological materials are involved fall within the realm of
Hazardous Materials emergency response. Actions should be taken as described in the
Hazardous Materials Plan, for Coshocton County.
4. A terrorism event involving radiological nuclear materials falls within the scope of
Annex L-Appendix H, Terrorism. Annex L-Appendix D, Radiological, addresses the
specific concerns of nuclear or radiological terrorism events.
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RADIOLOGICAL
a. Peacetime IND and RDD terrorism preparedness should be ongoing during
peacetime. The principal elements include plans, procedures, training, equipping,
and exercising response forces.
b. In the event of a serious threat of an IND or RDD attack against the United
States, the Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS) alert level will be adjusted
to reflect the situation. Coshocton County will implement readiness activities
according to the HSAS alert level as indicated in Appendix H (Terrorism) to the
Coshocton County EOP.
c. If an incident involving an IND or RDD actually occurs, the Emergency Operations
Center at Ohio EMA will provide information on when state and federal-level
emergency actions can be initiated to minimize the radiation danger to emergency
services personnel.
Coshocton County EMA will activate the Emergency Operations Center to coordinate
response activities between the local and state levels.
B. National Incident Management System (NIMS)
1. The Incident Command System (ICS) is designed around business practices that
provide a common framework for emergency response. ICS system provides a
standardized means to command, control, and coordinate the use of resources and
personnel at the scene of the emergency. Concepts and principles for ICS include the
use of common terminology, modular organization and other vital services for
assignments.
2. On February 28, 2003, President Bush issued Homeland Security Presidential
Directive-5. HSPD-5 requires all levels of government, first responders, and any
employee with emergency-response related responsibilities, which include but are not
limited to township trustees, county commissioners; road departments, utilities, etc., to
adopt NIMS.
3. Coshocton County has adopted NIMS and the Incident Command System (ICS). All
incidents, regardless of type or size will be managed by an Incident Commander in
accordance with the provisions of NIMS. NIMS will be incorporated into existing training
and exercise programs.
4. The Incident Commander (IC) will be a person from the department, organization or
agency responsible to manage the incident. In most situations, the IC will be from fire,
law enforcement or emergency medical services, however, some incidents could require
a non-emergency response agency or department to take command of the scene and
designate the IC.
C. Disclaimer
1. This document was prepared under a grant from the U.S. Department of Homeland
Security (DHS) State and Local Government Coordination and Preparedness (SLGCP)
office. Points of view or opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors
and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. DHS or
SLGCP.
D. Specific Concepts
1. There is a need for swift, efficient, well-coordinated response from all sources;
government (local/state/federal) and private (contractors and carriers) as appropriate.
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RADIOLOGICAL
2. Responders vary with each incident, depending upon the magnitude of the event,
capabilities and limitations. An effective incident command structure is essential
between all levels of government and must be maintained at the site and at the
EOC/assessment room.
a. Local authorities are essential to response, making initial emergency action
decisions to include site/area security, evacuations, and emergency medical
treatment.
b. State agencies may often provide advanced guidance and expertise along with
the legal authority to enforce response decisions.
c. Private sources may also be involved in a response commitment. Industrial
representatives may best understand the characteristics of specific products and
equipment, along with handling techniques.
d. Federal resources may be necessary for large-scale incidents and/or incidents of
national significance. Federal resources are coordinated through the Ohio EMA.
3. The Ohio Department of Health is the radiation protection and licensing authority in
Ohio.
4. The Ohio EMA assumes the primary coordinating role for state and federal agencies.
E. Exposure Control
1. During any radiological incident, the Coshocton County EMA is the primary agency in
the county responsible for coordinating such incidents.
a. The agency will coordinate local response and will work with the ODH
Radiological Emergency Response Team and the Ohio EMA through the county
EOC, making appropriate radiological assessment and assigning suitable means and
measures for the protection of the population, emergency workers, and property.
b. It will control the distribution of radiological assessment equipment (provided by
the State) and assure proper training in the employment of this equipment.
c. The Coshocton County EMA will maintain a list of the equipment provided to local
response organizations in Tab 3 of this annex.
2. Local agencies receiving assessment equipment will be responsible for maintaining
exposure control records for personnel on a 24-hour basis.
a. DOT Emergency Response Guidebook can be used to determine initial safe
zones and evacuation boundaries.
b. A Responder Dose Record form should be used to document dosimeter readings
for each individual responder. Ohio EMA can provide this form.
c. Record keeping is the responsibility of each department. A copy of the
Responder Dose Rate Records shall be forwarded to the county EMA Director for
proper disposition and follow-up, if necessary.
d. The incident commander is responsible for ensuring that exposure rates remain
as low as reasonably achievable.
3. The Ohio EMA Radiological Instrument Maintenance and Calibration Facility (RIM&C)
provides radiological detection equipment to each county for use by appropriate local
response forces. Guidance for use of radiological instruments is available through Ohio
EMA and Ohio Department of Health.
4. Upon completion of emergency assignments, a record of total accumulated dosages
and times of exposure will be made for emergency workers.
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RADIOLOGICAL
a. At a minimum, dosimeters should be read hourly. In areas where elevated
exposure rates are encountered, dosimeters should be read more frequently as
advised by the Ohio Department of Health.
b. On-scene, each department’s safety officer should record all individual dosages.
c. These doses should be continually reported to the EOC by the on-scene
commander. The EOC will maintain records of these readings.
d. The dose received by each individual should be kept within the DHS and EPA
guidelines for exposure limits. Rotation of emergency responders will be a
consideration if estimated individual exposures are projected to exceed the
established limits.
e. When lifesaving activities are involved, a maximum limit of 25 REM is considered
acceptable. This applies only if the exposure is incurred while directly involved in
lifesaving activities and the rescuer is a volunteer who has received complete
information about the risks involved.
5. U.S. EPA dose limits for whole-body exposure to radioactive materials are set as
follows:
Condition
○
○
○
○
Exposure Limit
Non-life saving / normal events
Protection of valuable property
Lifesaving or protection of large populations
Lifesaving or protection of large populations
(only on a voluntary basis to persons fully
aware of the risks involved)
5 REM
10 REM
25 REM
> 25 REM
F. Victim Support
1. Medical problems take priority over radiological concerns.
2. The DOT Emergency Response Guidebook recommends that lifesaving actions and
medical treatment be provided immediately.
3. Injured persons contaminated by contact with released material are not a serious
hazard to health care personnel, equipment, or facilities.
4. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions
to protect themselves and prevent spread of contamination.
5. The presence of other hazardous materials involved in the scene, may alter
decontamination priorities.
6. Uninjured persons at the scene of a radioactive materials incident who are suspected
of being contaminated will be assessed, decontaminated as necessary and transported
to a receiving hospital for further medical evaluation / treatment.
7. Vehicles and other equipment will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and
decontaminated as appropriate.
8. The Incident Commander will be responsible for making decisions about appropriate
decontamination methods and processes.
G.
State Resource Support
1. The Ohio Department of Health is the primary state agency for ensuring the health
and safety of people and property from radiological incidents in Ohio.
a. Additional state agency support is available and may be accessed by request
through the Ohio EMA.
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RADIOLOGICAL
b. The additional resources available are identified in the State of Ohio Emergency
Operations Plan, Hazardous Materials Plan.
H Federal Support
1. Federal Response assets are coordinated through the Ohio EMA in accordance with
the State Emergency Operations Plan.
2. Ohio EMA will act as a liaison between the County EMA and federal officials involved
in the response to a radiological or nuclear incident.
A. Hazard Assessment
1. Initial radiological assessment is a responsibility of the fire department, acting in
concert with other public safety agencies:
○ Hazardous Materials Teams
○ Sheriff and/or Police Departments
○ Health Department and Hospitals
○ Others, as required
2. Ongoing assessment activities may also involve the following:
○ Engineer or City / Village utility representatives
○ Facility representatives
3. Augmentation may be available from other sources:
○ Ohio Department of Health (ODH)
○ Ohio Emergency Management Agency (EMA)
○ Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA)
○ Public Utilities Commission of Ohio (PUCO)
○ Ohio National Guard (ONG)
○ Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT)
○ Ohio State Fire Marshal (OSFM)
○ Ohio State Patrol (OSP)
B. Assignment of Responsibilities
1. Coshocton County EMA:
○ Support preparation for response to radiological incidents.
○ Sponsor training courses for first responders and medical personnel.
○ Provide reference materials for the development of SOGs.
○ Ensure warning / notification actions.
○ Notify the Ohio Department of Health.
○ Notify Ohio EMA and coordinate requests for state-level technical assistance.
○ Coordinate outside expertise to ensure proper team make-up and capabilities are
provided to response forces.
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RADIOLOGICAL
○ Distribute radiological assessment equipment to law enforcement agencies, fire
departments, EMS, public health, hazardous materials team, hospital, and other
agencies / sites for emergency use.
○ Prepare damage assessment reports for submission to the State / Federal
Government.
2. Law Enforcement Agencies
○ Receive and transmit NAWAS (National Warning System) data (within
capabilities).
○ Provide site security.
○ Provide escort or transport support.
3. Local Fire Departments
○ Respond in accordance with the local hazardous materials protocols and the
Emergency Response Guidebook.
○ Operate detection and assessment equipment, as available.
○ Ensure appropriate responder training and familiarity with assessment equipment
use.
4. Hazardous Materials Team
○ Advise fire, EMS, and other on-scene responders as requested.
○ Conduct advanced containment operations on-scene.
○ Calculate evacuation distances and plume dimensions.
○ Organize and execute decontamination operations.
5. Public Health
○ Coordinate with the county agricultural agencies and veterinarians.
○ Provide recommendations to the EOC on protective actions for the public.
○ Distribution of safety information to the public.
A. Emergency Operations Center
1. Radiological incidents in Coshocton County will be managed through the activated
Emergency Operations Center with cooperative efforts of the public health,
hazardous materials, fire, law enforcement, and emergency management
representatives.
2. See Annex A - Direction and Control for more information on the function of the EOC.
B. On-Scene Actions
1. Fire department and law enforcement officials, using an incident command structure,
will be the primary responders, until the arrival of special response teams. The
following steps are recommended for on-scene responders at a radiological incident:
○ Refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, Guide 163 for initial information on
health, fire or explosion, protective clothing, evacuation, fire, spills or leaks, and first
aid.
○ Restrict the area of the Incident
-8
-
RADIOLOGICAL
○ Keep the general public as far as possible / practical from the incident scene
○ Keep upwind of fire/smoke to the maximum extent possible
○ Downwind evacuations should be considered
○ Perform necessary lifesaving measures
○ Using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), remove exposed or
injured persons from the contaminated area to a safe area
○ Ensure proper decontamination procedures are followed to reduce exposure and
limit the spread of contaminates
○ Physicians and/or hospitals shall be notified that patients have been exposed to
radiation and may potentially be contaminated
○ This information is to be relayed by the transporting service or local public safety
agency
C. Firefighting
○ If there is a fire or danger of fire, assistance should be summoned according to
department procedures as needed.
○ All potentially contaminated material should be handled with mechanical means,
and use protective gear (gloves, suits, air packs, etc.) in order to avoid contact with
or inhalation of radioactive materials.
○ Tools used at the scene should be treated as “contaminated” until they have been
evaluated and decontaminated if necessary.
○ Clothing should be contained in marked bags and held in an isolated area until
such time as it can be safely addressed.
○ With fires, two potential hazards may exist regarding nuclides: destroyed
packaging materials containing the radioactive material, and the vaporization of the
sources. Although the possibility of either event is remote, it is important that
departmental plans and training consider them.
-9
-
RADIOLOGICAL
D. Notifications
Transportation
Terrorism
1. The following notifications should be made immediately following the discovery of a
radiological or nuclear incident:
X
X
(740) 622-2555
X
X
Coshocton Community Memorial Hospital
(740) 622-6411
X
X
Ohio Department of Health
(614) 722-7221
X
X
Ohio Emergency Management Agency
(614) 889-7150
X
X
Notification Matrix
Local Fire,
Sheriff will dispatch
Coshocton County Sheriff
911
EMS
Sheriff will dispatch
Coshocton City Hazmat Team
Ohio National Guard, 52
nd
CST
(614) 336-6597
X
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
(800) 282-9378
X
Public Utilities Commission of Ohio
(614) 644-5479
X
National Response Center *(if RQ is involved)
(800) 424-8802
X*
X
E. Radiological Assessment
1. Fire departments, the Coshocton County HazMat Team, Hospital, and the EMA
office have radiological assessment equipment. Detection and assessment operations
should be conducted at any suspected radiological incident.
2. Advanced capability can be provided by the ODH Radiological Bureau of Radiation
Protection, Ohio National Guard's Civil Support Team, or the Ohio EMA.
3. Use care to contain runoff from decontamination operations. See the Hazardous
Materials Plan for further information.
4. Eating, drinking, smoking, or chewing in the incident area is prohibited.
F. Decontamination
1. Contact the Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Radiation Protection for
information on and oversight of decontamination efforts.
2. Radiological assessment should follow each decontamination procedure to
determine if further action is required.
A. Lines of succession for agencies with responsibility for radiological incidents are
maintained in the jurisdictional SOGs and in Annex A, Direction and Control.
- 10
-
RADIOLOGICAL
B. See Procedures for the Relocation and Safeguarding of Vital Records in the Basic Plan,
Section 2.9. Procedures for the Protection of Government Resources, Facilities, and
Personnel are found in Annex X, Resource Management.
A. Training
1. Radiological awareness training can be requested, as needed, for response agencies
in Coshocton County from the Ohio EMA. Operations and Technician-level training
courses are available through the U.S Department of Homeland Security's Office of
Domestic Preparedness Program (ODP).
2. Annual refresher training will be encouraged for those who have previously
completed radiological courses.
3. Ohio EMA is the primary provider of emergency responder radiological training for
Coshocton County. However, FEMA and ODP also offer radiological training
programs.
4. The Ohio Department of Health is the primary provider of hospital radiological
training.
B. Exercises
1.
Exercises dealing with radiological events may be developed at the request of any
response agency or at the discretion of the Coshocton EMA. Ohio EMA can provide
assistance in the development and delivery of such exercises.
C. Equipment
1. Radiological assessment equipment is located throughout Coshocton County and is
rotated and maintained on a bi-annual schedule. See Tab 3 for further equipment
information.
2. Fire departments possess structural firefighter’s protective clothing and
instrumentation to perform certain tasks in a radiological environment. This may not
be disposable and must be subject to decontamination or outright replacement.
A. See the Basic Plan Development and Maintenance Section for ongoing document
updates.
B. Primary response agencies are responsible for reviewing it and submitting new, or
updated, information to the Coshocton EMA Director, based upon exercises, actual
events, or changes in governmental structure and assignments.
C. Organizations with radiological protection duties are responsible for maintaining their
own SOGs, mutual aid agreements, 24-hour recall personnel rosters, and resource
listings.
D. The County Coshocton EMA Director is responsible for printing and distribution of
changes, revisions, and updates to this annex to all departments, agencies and
organizations retaining a copy of this plan.
A. Authorities
1. 29 CFR 1910.120
2. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 472 and 473
- 11
-
RADIOLOGICAL
B. References
1. National Council of Radiation Protection (NCRP) – Report #138 (Terrorism Incidents
Involving Radioactive Materials)
2. US EPA – Report #400 (Protective Limits)
3. North American Emergency Response Guidebook, 2004
4. CPG 2-1, Radiological Defense Preparedness, Sep 1989
5. Application of Protective Action Guides for Radiological Dispersion Devices and
Improvised Nuclear Device Incidents, 2006
6. Target Capabilities List 2.0, Homeland Security, 2005
X. ADDENDUMS
Tab 1 - Emergency Reporting Checklist
Tab 2 - Radiological Incident Categories
Tab 3 - Radiological Detection Equipment
Tab 4 - Initial Actions for Radiological Incidents
- 12
-
RADIOLOGICAL
XI. AUTHENTICATION
_________________________________________________
Coshocton County Emergency Management Agency Director
______________________
Date
- 13
-
RADIOLOGICAL
Tab 1
I.
EMERGENCY REPORTING CHECKLIST
If radiological materials are involved, or suspected to be involved in any incident, ensure that
notifications are made to:
A. Local emergency response forces (Haz-Mat, fire, law, EMS, and hospital)
B. Ohio Department of Health 614.722.7221
C. Ohio Emergency Management Agency at 614-889-7150
II.
Below is a guideline for information to be transmitted when requesting assistance or
reporting a radiological incident to the proper authority.
A. Identify the fact that you are calling about a radioactive materials incident.
B. Location and brief nature of the incident, including description of package(s).
C. Injured victims? Yes / No
1.
Injured victim(s) suspected to be contaminated or exposed?
D. Evidence of release of radioactive material(s)?
E. Evidence of any other hazardous materials involved?
F. Carrier and shipper and/or consignee
G. Terrain and weather
H. Personnel and equipment on the scene and actions under way
I.
Your name and call back phone number
J. If readily available from shipping papers, labels, or package markings, the following will
be of value. (Do not delay your call for assistance to obtain this information, you can
always call back.)
1. Shipper’s name
2. Radioisotope(s)
3. Number of curies
4. White I, Yellow II, or Yellow III labels
5. Transport index (TI) of package(s)
6. Physical and chemical form
7. Package identification (specification Type A or B, certification number, exemption
number, etc.)
II.
If emergency responders have radiation survey meters and have been properly trained in
their use, indicate types of instruments used and readings obtained. However, do not
delay communications to get this information.
- 14
-
RADIOLOGICAL
Tab 2
RADIOLOGICAL INCIDENT CATEGORIES
Category
Description
Example
1a
A minor radiological event occurring in the
public domain, not immediately associated
with a radioactive materials licensee, with no
radiation fields in excess of 100 mrem/hr at 30
cm.
A radiological event occurring in the public
domain, not immediately associated with a
radioactive materials licensee, with radiation
fields greater than 100 mrem/hr at 30 cm, but
no activation of a component of the State’s
Emergency Operations Plan.
A radiological event involving a radioactive
materials licensee with minor public or worker
health consequences.
Pipe scale discovered in a scrap yard; I-131
discovered in a landfill, or other radioactive
material discovered at a non-licensee’s private
residence or historic material at a formerly
utilized site.
An unshielded Cs-137 sealed source
discovered at a scrap yard.
1b
2a
2b
An event involving a radioactive materials
licensee with significant public or worker health
consequences.
3a
A radiological event involving Hazardous
Material resulting in the activation of a
component the State’s Emergency Operations
Plan.
A radiological event involving a Nuclear Power
Plant resulting in the activation of a component
the State’s Emergency Operations Plan.
3b
3c
A radiological event involving a transportation
accident resulting in the activation of a
Plan.
3d
A radiological event involving a criminal
contamination or exposure in the public
domain resulting in the activation of a
Plan.
Nuclear Weapon Detonation
Hospital Assistance Request
4
5
Events involving a licensee such as:
Lost, damaged, or irretrievable source;
Minor overexposure;
Minor injury with contamination; Equipment
failure; Fire, tornado; or other minor events
involving the licensee’s facility.
Events similar to category 2b except with
significant public or worker health
consequences – usually involving larger
quantities of radioactive material or less
control by licensee.
Any Category 1, 2a, or 2b event that becomes
elevated to the point where State’s Emergency
Operations Plan is activated.
An event involving:
Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station
Perry Nuclear Power Plant
Beaver Valley Power Station
Transport vehicle accident involving:
Spent fuel, HLW, DUF6, Nuclear Weapon
(Involving SST or transport aircraft resulting in
contamination or low order detonation only, no
high order detonation)
Radiological Dispersal Device
Radiological Exposure Device
A request by a receiving hospital emergency
room for Bureau health physics assistance in
dealing with radiologically contaminated
patients.
- 15
-
RADIOLOGICAL
Tab 3
RADIOLOGICAL DETECTION EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMEMT PROCUREMENT
The Ohio Emergency Management Agency (Ohio EMA) supplies radiological detection
equipment to all Ohio counties. The equipment is issued to each County Emergency
Management Agency (County EMA) for distribution to response organizations within that
county. The County EMA is also responsible for the tracking of distributed instruments within
their county.
EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND CALIBRATION
The Ohio EMA operates the Radiological Instrumentation Maintenance and Calibration (RIM&C)
facility in Columbus. This facility serves to maintain and calibrate equipment supplied to all Ohio
counties by Ohio EMA.
Periodically, RIM&C personnel will contact a County EMA and make arrangements to exchange
instruments for the purpose of maintenance and calibration. The County EMA is responsible for
collecting the instruments from the response organizations and bringing them to a central
location for exchange. The instruments will be exchanged on a one-for-one basis unless prior
arrangements are made.
The RIM&C facility can also service equipment from other sources. For further information,
contact the RIM&C facility at (614) 688-3363.
INSTRUMENT
TYPE
QUANTITY
SERIAL
NUMBER
CALIBRATION
DATE
LOCATION
CDV-777-1
1
EMA Office
CDV-777-1
1
EMA Vehicle
CDV-777-1
4
Hazmat
CDV-718
1
City Fire Dept.
CONTA
CT
Note: All devices are schedule for exchange June 2008
- 16
-
RADIOLOGICAL
Tab 4
INITIAL ACTIONS FOR RADIOLOGICAL INCIDENTS
These guidelines are intended for use by emergency response personnel that are properly trained and
equipped to perform functions in accident scenes where radioactive materials are suspected or known to
be present. These actions are intended to be guidance for initial actions. Actions beyond the initial
response phase will be evaluated and determined by the Incident Commander.
PUBLIC SAFETY
Radioactive
Material
involved in
accident?
• Consult US DOT ERG, Guide 163
• Initial isolation 75 feet in all directions.
• Positive Pressure SCBA and Structural Firefighters clothing
recommended.
• Priorities for rescue, life-saving, first aid, and fire control, and other
hazards are higher than the priority for radiological assessment.
• Keep unauthorized persons away.
YES
NOTIFICATIONS
FIRST AID
• Local Law, Fire, EMS,
Haz-Mat, Hospital.
•
•
•
•
•
•
• County EMA, Health.
• State:
Health (614) 722-7221
EMA (614) 889-7150
EPA (800) 282-9378
PUCO (614) 644-5479
Medical problems take priority over radiological concerns.
Use first aid treatment according to the nature of the injury.
Do not delay care or transport of a seriously injured person.
Give artificial respiration if the victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or
eyes with running water for 20 minutes.
NO
Other
Hazardous
Materials
Involved?
Spill or
Leak?
NO
Fire?
YES
NO
YES
SPILL or LEAK
YES
• The presence of
other hazardous
materials or other
problems may alter
response priorities.
• Response priorities
will be evaluated and
established by the
Incident Commander.
• Await the arrival of other
responders.
• Isolate any individuals
involved in the scene for
further evaluation.
• Document all actions.
• For large spills, consider an initial evacuation of 330 feet downwind.
• Do not touch damaged packages or spilled material.
• Damp surfaces on packages are seldom an indication of package
failure.
• Cover liquid spill with sand or non-combustible absorbent material.
• Earthen material can be used to dike liquids.
FIRE
• Evacuation of 1000 feet in all directions may be required if large
quantities of radioactive materials are involved.
• Stay outside of visible smoke cloud.
• Establish access control point.
• Do not move damaged packages.
• Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or regular foam to extinguish
fires.
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HIGHWAYS and RAILROADS
ANNEX L
HAZARD PLANNING - MANMADE HAZARDS
APPENDIX E
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this annex is to identify response and procedures used in case of a highway or
railroad incident.
SITUATION
1. There are a total of 203.51 miles of state highway; 353.18 miles of county highway and 623.35
miles of township roads for a total of 1,180.04 miles of roadway.
2. Motor vehicle is the principal mode of transportation in Coshocton County. Eleven (11) Ohio and
U.S. highways cross the county. Highways SR 16, US 36, SR 83 and SR 93 are the main routes
used for hazardous materials transport by both local haulers and through truckers. See the county
map for roadway locations.
3. Ohio Central Railroad (OCR) owns railroads that run through the county. Hazardous materials are
transported by rail to area industries and through the county. OCR has had no reportable incident for
three (3) years.
ASSUMPTIONS
1. The Ohio Department of Transportation maintains the State Highways, the County Engineer the
county highways, and the Township Trustees the township roadways.
1. The Sheriff will receive initial notification of an incident.
2. The first responder / Incident Commander
3. A determination will be made by first responders whether hazardous materials are involved.
•
•
If hazardous materials are involved, the Hazmat Team will be notified.
If hazardous materials are not involved, first responders will continue with site cleanup.
4. A determination will be made by first responders whether human life is a risk.
•
•
•
If human life is at risk, and hazardous materials are present, the Hazmat Team will
evacuate the victims.
If human life is at risk and there are no hazardous materials, EMS will evacuate the
victims.
If no human life is at risk, first responders will continue with site cleanup.
5.
Annex L – Appendix E: Highways and Railroads 2007
-1-
Refer to Basic Plan, Assignment of Responsibilities.
Refer to Basic Plan, Section 2.3 - Plan Development and Maintenance.
Refer to Basic Plan, Section 2.5 Authorities and References.
VIII. ADDENDUMS
none
Contact info
The railroad plan is in the EMA library.
-2-
IX. AUTHENTICATION
__________________________________________
______________________
Dated:
-3-
PIPELINES
ANNEX L
APPENDIX F
PIPELINES
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this appendix is to identify response and procedures used in case of pipeline incident.
1. Pipelines from several different companies cross Coshocton County, delivering petroleum and
related products, such as natural gas, propane, home heating oil, and diesel fuel. These pipelines run
across the county and intrastate.
2. Pipelines are the safest and most economical system of transportation for natural gas, oil, and
distillate products. Computer-assisted control centers are capable of detecting and interpreting
pressure or flow, changes in a pipeline. Periodic ground patrols also inspect pipeline environment
with highly trained maintenance personnel.
3. Since pipelines are buried underground, line markers are used to show their approximate location
at numerous points along their routes. These markers list the commodity transported, the name of the
operator, and a telephone number where the operator’s representative can be reached at all times.
These markers are helpful but do not provide depth or number of pipes that are buried.
4. It is vital that people, who operate drilling equipment, are aware that pipelines are in the area. In
1971, public utilities created the Ohio Utilities Protection Service, (OUPS), recommending that anyone
“call before you dig” to be sure a pipeline is not damaged. OUPS contact information is distributed to
contractors and heavy equipment rental businesses.
5. The PUCO and the oil and gas companies try to educate the public as to pipeline emergencies and
what to do and not to do.
1. RECOGNIZE A PIPELINE LEAK
SIGHT: Most liquid pipeline leaks can be detected visually. A liquid petroleum or product leak might
appear as an accumulation of the material on the ground over the pipeline or in the form of a mist. A
spot of dead or discolored vegetation in an otherwise green pipeline right-of-way may indicate a leak.
If a leaked commodity has ignited, flames in the vicinity would be the most obvious sign of a pipeline
emergency.
SOUND: A liquid petroleum pipeline leak may be identified by a hissing or roaring sound, the
loudness depends upon the on the size of the leak.
SMELL: One of the first indications of a leak may be the odor of the escaping liquid petroleum or
products. Most of the commodities carried in pipelines have a characteristic odor. Therefore, any
strange or unusual odor in the area of pipelines might indicate a leak.
Annex L - Appendix F: Pipelines 2007
-1-
PIPELINES
RESPONSE TO A LEAK
The first concern should be for personal safety and the safety of those around the leak. Avoid
creating sparks or sources of heat, which could cause the liquids, or vapor arising from them, to ignite
and burn.
For the person finding the leak:
1. Leave the leak area immediately
2. Avoid driving into vapor clouds
3. Avoid creating sparks or sources of heat, which could ignite liquids or vapors.
Do not light a match, start an engine, or switch an electric switch on or off.
4. Put out all open flames.
5. When safety is reached, immediately notify the pipeline operator.
6. Provide the following information:
Give your name
Describe leak and location
Advise Emergency by dialing 911, sheriff’s office or jurisdictional fire department
7. Identify the pipeline company that operates in the area of the mishap.
8. Notify the pipeline representative.
9. Size up the condition, considering:
Material involved
Incident controlled or uncontrolled
Location, time and weather
10. Establish a unified command system comprised of representatives from pipeline
personnel, fire department, and haz-mat team.
11. Develop tactics to handle the situation.
Specific pipeline locations are recorded in the Controlled and Sensitive Information Document that is
available from the EMA director on a need to know basis.
See the Emergency Reference Directory and the Emergency Resource Catalog for pipeline
emergency contact name and phone numbers.
Refer to Basic Plan, Assignment of Responsibilities.
Refer to Basic Plan, Direction and Control.
Refer to Basic Plan, Plan Development and Maintenance.
Refer to Basic Plan, Authorities and References.
VIII. ADDENDUMS
none
-2-
PIPELINES
IX. AUTHENTICATION
__________________________________________
______________________
Dated:
-3-
AGRITERRORISM
ANNEX L
APPENDIX G
AGRITERRORISM
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this page is to provide a resource for response when agriculture is affected by
plant or animal diseases.
II. SITUATION
Agriterrorism is the malicious use of plant or animal pathogens to cause devastating disease in
the agricultural sector. It may also take the form of hoaxes and threats intended to create public
fear of such events.
Biological weapons are not just a threat to human health. A terrorist armed with animal or plant
pathogens also threatens the livestock, poultry, and crops and affects agriculture economics. A
single individual or small group could bring all U.S. beef or a wheat export to a halt, which
underscores the need for increased defense against this threat.
Why Agriterrorism May Be an Attractive Tool for Terrorists
FACTOR
DESCRIPTION
Lower physical
risk
Disseminating a plant or livestock disease pathogen presents less physical
risk to the perpetrator than releasing human disease pathogens or lethal
chemicals.
Smaller chance
of outrage and
backlash
Agriterrorism is not likely to create the same kind of backlash as using a
method of terrorism that kills people.
Similarity to
natural
outbreaks
Livestock and crops can be attacked in a way that the disease outbreak
mimics a natural disease occurrence, complicating epidemiological
investigation and reducing risk of detection.
Lower technical
barriers
Agriterrorism can be carried out easily, using comparatively low-tech means.
The cost and the technical / scientific skills and education required to collect,
produce, and deliver biological agents against animal agriculture are modest.
Pathogens could be isolated from infected animals or diseased crops, and
small quantities could easily be carried across a customs checkpoint or
unregulated border area, or sent through the mail. Then, infection with some
pathogens would be simple. (For example, a terrible epidemic could be
caused by dropping Newcastle disease-contaminated bird droppings into a
feeding trough, or placing tongue scrapings from foot-and-mouth diseaseinfected animals into the ventilation system of a large hog operation.)
Annex L - Appendix G: Agriterrorism 2007
-1-
AGRITERRORISM
Comparative Threat
Animals: Anti-livestock pathogens are of the greatest concern because they can be introduced
simply and would spread quickly.
Crops: Some experts believe that pathogens designed to attack existing crops would be less
effective weapons because they spread slowly and unreliably and are highly influenced by
weather. It would be difficult to cause the widespread destruction of a crop because most crops
are not grown in isolation. In addition, they have already been exposed to various pathogens,
which has increased their resistance. (There are, however, a few foreign strains against which
current crops have no resistance, and some strains are highly resistant to fungicides.)
Seed: The infection of seed may be more likely because much of the seed used in U.S.
agriculture is produced overseas, and only a small portion of imported seed is actually tested.
-2-
AGRITERRORISM
ANIMAL DISEASES
The Office International des Epizooties (OlE) 5 is an intergovernmental organization with 155
member countries. The World Trade Organization (WTO) recognizes the OlE as the
international body responsible for setting animal health standards on which international trade
restrictions are based and calls for the use of standards, guidelines, and recommendations
developed under the auspices of the OlE. The OlE maintains two lists of diseases:
○
List A: Transmissible diseases that have the potential for very serious and rapid spread,
irrespective of national borders, which are of serious socio-economic or public health
Consequence, and which are of major importance in the international trade of animals and
animal products.
○
List B: Transmissible diseases that are considered to be of socioeconomic and/or public
health importance within countries and which are significant for international trade of
animals and animal products.
LIST “A” DISEASES
SELECTED LIST “B” DISEASES
African horse sickness
African swine fever
Bluetongue
Classical swine fever
Contagious bovine
pleuropneumonia
Multiple Species:
Cattle:
Anthrax
Aujeszkls disease
Foot-and-mouth
Leptospirosis
disease
Highly pathogenic
avian influenza
Lumpy skin disease
Newcastle disease
Peste des petits
ruminants
New World screwworm
Cochliomyia hominivorax)
Old World screwworm
(Chrysomya bezziana)
Paratuberculosis
Q Fever
Rabies
Rift Valley fever
Rinderpest
Avian:
Bovine anaplasmosis
Bovine babesiosis
Bovine brucellosis
Bovine cysticercosis
Bovine genital
campylobacteriosis
Bovine spongiform
encephalopathy (BSE)
Bovine tuberculosis
Dermatophilosis
Enzootic bovine leukosis
Haemorrhagic septicaemia
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitisl
infectious pustular
vulvovaginitis ‘ Malignant
catarrhal fever
Sheep pox and goat
pox
Swine vesicular
disease
Avian infectious bronchitis
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis a
Avian mycoplasmosis (M. Avian
Theileriosis
Trichomonosis a
Trypanosomosis (tsetse-borne)
Vesicular stomatitis
chlamydiosis gallisepticum)
a Avian tuberculosis
Duck virus hepatitis
a Duck virus enteritis
a Fowl cholera
Fowl pox
Fowl typhoid
Infectious bursal disease
(Gumboro disease)
Marek’s disease
a Pullorum disease
Swi:
a Atrophic rhinitis of swine
Enterovirus encephalomyelitis
Porcine brucellosis
Porcine cysticercosis
Porcine reproductive and
respiratory syndrome
Transmissible gastroenteritis
a Trichinellosis
Echinococcosislhydatidosis a Heariwater
-3-
AGRITERRORISM
Disease Transmission Among Animals
Animal diseases can be spread in three primary ways:
Airborne transmission: Some diseases (e.g., foot-and-mouth (FAM) disease, avian influenza,
Newcastle disease) can travel in aerosol form very long distances in the air. (In 1981, FAM
broke out in France and traveled 175 miles to Great Britain in 3 days.) Airborne diseases are
extremely difficult to contain and thus would present an enormous challenge to emergency
responders in the event of an outbreak. These diseases can also be transmitted by direct
contact.
Direct contact: Some diseases (e.g., FAM, rinderpest, vesicular stomatitis, hog cholera, African
swine fever) can be spread by direct contact among animals, contact with contaminated objects
such as feed and water troughs, milking machines and other equipment, and people’s clothes
and shoes. This makes biosecunty measures—keeping animal facilities clean and restricting
human and vehicle traffic around animals—absolutely critical
Vectors: Some diseases (e.g., vesicular stomatitis, lumpy skin disease, Rift Valley fever,
bluetongue, African swine fever) can be spread by other organisms such as mosquitoes and
ticks. In these cases, disease control depends on insect control.
Transmission of Animal Diseases to Humans
Some animal viruses are zoonotics. That is, they can be transferred to another species (e.g.,
humans). Zoonotics usually do not affect humans in the same way they do animals. For
example, FAM, vesicular stomatitis, and Newcastle disease can be transmitted to humans, but
the resulting illness is mild and not considered dangerous to human health.
However, a few pathogens have been known to seriously harm humans. For example, people
have died from avian influenza, and 74 cases of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (a fatal
neurological disorder) have been linked to ingestion of BSE-infected beef products,
Transmission of Animal Diseases to Humans
Although the threat of Agriterrorism is primarily an economic concern, the emergence of new
zoonotics, such as the recent Nipah virus in Malaysia and West Nile virus in New York City,
raises serious human health considerations as well.
Animal Diseases of Greatest Concern
The animal diseases of greatest concern to the United States are Foreign Animal Diseases
(FADs)—diseases not normally found in this country. These diseases have the potential to
spread quickly because U.S. animals have not built up resistance to them.
An outbreak of one of the List A diseases could severely damage the US. Agricultural market
because it would be internationally recognized as grounds for export embargo.
Viruses present the greatest agriterrorism threat to livestock. The entire List A animal diseases
are viruses, except contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, which is caused by mycoplasma. (For
more information on viruses and mycoplasmas, refer to Biological Agents in Appendix A.)
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AGRITERRORISM
The following table summarizes information about List A diseases that primarily affect cattle,
swine, and poultry. BSE (“mad cow disease”), included in the table, is not a List A disease, but
is of current interest. Other List A diseases include peste des petits ruminants and sheep/goat
pox, which affect primarily sheep and goats, and African horse fever, which affects primarily,
horses.
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AGRITERRORISM
Animal Diseases of Greatest Concern
List “A” Diseases Affecting Primarily Cattle, Swine, or Poultry
DISEASE
Foot-and mouth
disease
Vesicular
stomatitis
Swine vesicular
disease
Rinderpest
(“cattle plague”)
Contagious
bovine pleuropneumonia
Lumpy skin
disease
PRIMARY MODES OF
TRANSMISSION
Airborne aerosols; direct
or indirect contact (via
human clothing,
equipment, vehicles, or
through milk or partially
cooked meat)
Direct contact (i.e.,
shared feed and water
troughs, milking
machines); insect
vectors
Ingestion of infected
meat
Direct contact with any
animal secretions,
airborne droplets
Inhalation of droplets of
infected animal
secretions
Insect vectors
PRIMARY
ANIMALS
AFFECTED
Clovenhoofed
animals
(esp. cattle
and swine)
VACCINE
AVAILABLE
AFFECT
HUMANS?
LOCATION
Occasionally,
after prolonged
exposure,
humans can
develop mild
symptoms
During
epidemics
humans can get
a version
resembling flu
Occasional
cases of flu-like
illness
Y
Asia, Africa,
Middle East,
South America
Cattle
Swine
Horses
Y
U.S., Mexico,
Canada,
Caribbean,
Central and
So. America
Swine
N
Hong Kong,
Japan, Europe
Y
Africa, Middle
East, Asia
N
Cattle
V
Asia, Central
Africa, Spain,
Portugal
N
Cattle
Y
Africa
N
Cattle Sheep
Goats
Rift Valley fever
Insect vectors, esp.
mosquitoes, direct
contact with blood or
tissue
Sheep
Cattle
V
Africa
Humans very
susceptible,
disease is
sometimes fatal
(human vaccine
available)
Bluetongue
Insect vectors
Sheep
Cattle
V
U.S., Africa,
Europe
N
Suspected
precursor to new
variant of
CreutzfeldtJakob disease
(fatal)
N
Bovine
spongiform
encephalopathy
(“mad cow
disease”)
Ingestion of foods
containing infected meat
and bone meal
Cattle
N
Primarily Great
Britain; some
cases in W.
Europe
African swine
fever
Insect vectors (ticks),
ingestion of infected
meat; direct
contact;,airborne
aerosols within buildings
Swine
N
Africa, Iberian
Peninsula,
Sardinia
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AGRITERRORISM
List “A” Diseases Affecting Primarily Cattle, Swine, or Poultry
DISEASE
Classical
swine fever
(“hog
cholera”)
PRIMARY MODES
OF
TRANSMISSION
Direct contact with
animal secretions;
indirect contact via
shoes, clothing,
equipment
Highly
pathogenic
avian
influenza
(“fowl
plague”)
Direct contact;
airborne aerosols
Newcastle
disease
Direct contact with
animal
secretions—feces;
contaminated feed,
water, equipment,
human clothing, etc.
PRIMARY
ANIMALS
AFFECTED
Swine
Chickens
Turkeys
Poultry
Wild birds
VACCINE
AVAILABLE?
LOCATION
Y
Affica, Asia,
South and
Central
America,
parts
of Europe
N
Worldwide
Usually rare, but
1997 Hong Kong
epidemic killed 6
with influenza-like
illness
Worldwide
Occasionally
causes transitory
conjunctivitis after
extensive
exposure
Y
Y
AFFECT
HUMANS?
Crop Diseases
Crop diseases are caused by fungi, viruses, and bacteria. These plant pathogens are
transmitted by wind, water, or vectors. The introduction of a pathogen does not necessarily
result in widespread infection because it depends on environmental factors (e.g., temperature,
humidity, rainfall, sunlight). There are three primary transmission modes of crop diseases:
Airborne: (Fungal Diseases) Fungi produce dry spores that are dispersed on the wind and can
travel great distances. After a fungus has infected an area, it is very difficult to eliminate all of
the spores. Although fungicides are helpful, fungi can persist in other hosts, allowing the
disease to continue infecting plants for a long time.
Vectors: (Viruses and Bacteria) Insects such as aphids are often virus carriers. When an
aphid feeds on a leaf, it pierces cell walls and transmits the virus. Although viruses can be
extremely damaging to crops, their ability to spread is limited by insect movement. Crop viruses
are currently untreatable. Virus control depends on insect control and the use of virus-resistant
crop strains. Insects can also transmit bacteria.
Waterborne: (Bacteria) Bacteria require moisture for transmission. Although they cannot be
transmitted on the wind, they can travel via wind-driven rain. Splashing rainwater can spread
bacteria among individual plants, and irrigation runoff can spread bacteria over entire fields.
Although bacteria can cause serious plant diseases, they generally cannot spread over vast
area.
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AGRITERRORISM
FEDERAL RESPONSE
The USDA has the major responsibility for protecting the nation’s food supply from agriterrorism.
Other agencies that share in this responsibility include:
National Security Council
Department of Justice
Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention
The USDA increased its budget for counterterrorism in 2001 by $39.8 million; it has also
requested funding to upgrade its research facility at Plum Island, NY, to Biosafety Level 4 capable of and dedicated to the study of plant and animal pathogens.
The United States has banned imports of many animal products, live ruminants, and swine from
FAM disease-affected countries. Because of the year’s increase in FAM flare-ups around the
world, the USDA has assigned additional inspectors and dog teams at airports to check
incoming flights and passengers.
The U.S. agricultural economy has in place networks and plans to respond once an attack is
detected. Surveillance of crop and animal disease in the United States is extraordinarily
sophisticated. Even if a terrorist group managed to deliver a biological agent effectively against
a target, the effects of the attack would likely be severely limited by the U.S. response.
DISEASE SURVEILLANCE AND DETECTION
In covert attacks, how quickly a suspicious event is detected and reported will determine how
timely and effective the response is. In turn, the timeliness and effectiveness of response will
define the ability to reduce illness and death.
Need for surveillance:
Surveillance is the first line of defense against a disease outbreak. U.S. agriculture relies on
ground surveillance (plant pathologist and field veterinarians) for disease reporting. The greater
the number of human monitors, and the better trained they are to recognize diseases, the better
the chance that serious diseases will not become widespread outbreaks. Disease outbreaks in
wildlife should also be monitored because they can serve as early warning signs of agricultural
outbreaks.
Need for quick diagnosis:
A fast diagnosis is critical in the case of a disease such as FAM, which can spread hundreds of
miles during the time lag between when the disease is noticed and when a national lab confirms
it. Currently, there are no rapid screening tests for FADs.
State labs do not routinely check for FADs because these diseases are so rare, and in some
cases, they do not have the resources to diagnose particular FADs. These samples have to be
sent to a national lab. As a result, it could take several days for a FAD to be diagnosed.
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AGRITERRORISM
PROTECTING AGAINST ANIMAL DISEASES
Biosecurity is an important means of preventing the introduction of disease to farms, feedlots,
and other livestock and poultry facilities. Biosecurity should include:
•
•
Keeping vehicles and people (e.g., non-business visitors) away from livestock and
poultry buildings to prevent introducing or transmitting diseases.
Isolating new animals from the rest of the herd for several days to let potential symptoms
appear. (Currently most cattle diseases are introduced through the purchase of infected
animals.)
The Animal Agriculture Alliance suggests that farmers take the following measures to protect
against terrorism.
STEPS TO PROTECT YOUR FARM FROM TERRORISM
•
Talk seriously with your local police, fire and emergency departments. Get to know
them and let them know that you are making security a priority at your facility and will report
any suspicious activities.
•
Make sure the appropriate public authorities have copies of maps of your facilities
that indicate service shut-off locations, security areas and any other areas of sensitivity or
vulnerability.
•
Evaluate every request for information about your operation. Never agree to an
unusual request unless you have verified its validity. Whenever possible, require requests
for sensitive information or tours to be in writing. Obtain as much information as possible—
name, telephone number, address, reason for request, what the person will be doing with
the information, who else has been contacted, etc. If anyone hesitates to cooperate with
these requests, do not reveal information about or provide access to your operation.
CONTROL, CONTAINMENT, AND ERADICATION MEASURES
When an outbreak is detected, the disease must be controlled, contained, and eradicated.
Typical measures include:
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
Quarantine of infected animal populations
Contact tracing to identify potential exposures
Herd depopulation (killing infected and exposed animals)
Disposal of infected carcasses and products by incineration or burial
Decontamination of equipment
Movement control (of animals, people, equipment, and products)
Vaccination of uninfected animal populations
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AGRITERRORISM
Vaccination of Livestock and Poultry
Vaccines exist for most of the List A diseases, but they are not generally used except to control
an emerging outbreak. When a disease is eradicated from a country, the procedure of
vaccinating animals is discontinued.
Currently, the only List A disease for which the USDA has a vaccine available is FAM. If there
were a FAD outbreak, infected and exposed animals would have to be quarantined. Others in
surrounding areas would have to be vaccinated immediately to prevent further spread of the
disease. A vaccine shortage could allow a small outbreak to become an epidemic.
Vaccine Facts
Vaccines can keep animals from acquiring diseases, but in most cases they do not keep
animals from being carriers (e.g., a cow vaccinated against FAM can carry the disease in her
throat tissues for more than 2 years after exposure).
A vaccinated animal cannot be distinguished from an infected one because tests are based on
presence of antibodies for the disease (which are produced by both vaccines and exposure). If
an FAD outbreak occurred, both infected and vaccinated animals would have to be destroyed to
eradicate the pathogen completely.
PROTECTING AGAINST PLANT DISEASES
Biosecurity measures are unrealistic for crops: It would be virtually impossible to restrict
people from getting close enough to crops to release or transmit a pathogen. The primary
protections against crop diseases include:
Use of disease-resistant strains: Crops can be made resistant to many diseases through
genetic selection and mass production of resistant hybrids. Virus-resistant plant varieties reduce
the need for insect control as a means of stopping virus transmission.
Herbicides and pesticides: Herbicides can be used to eliminate weeds, and pesticides can be
used to control insect pests that may be vectors for diseases.
Crop diversity: Huge areas planted with a single variety are very vulnerable to a new matching
strain of a pathogen or insect pest. Therefore, rotating crops and planting a diverse range of
plant varieties can help to counter disease and pest risk. These methods do undermine the
economy-of-scale benefits of monoculture. However, the more farmers themselves do to guard
against diseases and pests, the lower the chance of an outbreak, whether natural, deliberate,
local or catastrophic.
USDA DISEASE RESPONSE PROCEDURES
USDA procedures for dealing with disease outbreaks among plants and animals begin at the
local level and expand to include national labs and administration if the situation is sufficiently
serious.
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AGRITERRORISM
If the USDA knew that a disease outbreak was not natural but deliberate, emergency response
personnel would have to treat the area as a crime scene, working closely with the FBI.
(However, it is unlikely the USDA would know this at the time because the outbreak would only
become apparent several days or even weeks after someone released the pathogen.) Even if
the USDA knew that an outbreak was deliberate, they would still have to contain it. Thus the
USDA’s ability to handle a bioterrorist attack on agriculture hinges on its ability to handle natural
outbreaks of disease.
The USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is responsible for handling
disease outbreaks among plants or animals with animal disease outbreaks handled by
Veterinary Services (VS), and plant disease outbreaks handled by Plant Protection and
Quarantine (PPQ).
An overview of the emergency procedures for the two types of outbreaks follows:
Emergency Procedure for Animal Disease Outbreaks
Within 36 hours of a serious disease outbreak, a national USDA team can be mobilized to
handle the situation. The following is a summary of what would happen if a FAD broke out:
1. Recognition. A farmer notices a sick animal, or a herd manager of a large production
operation notices a higher mortality rate than normal or unique symptoms in a group of animals
and calls the local or corporate veterinarian. This recognition could also begin at a port, sale
barn, or other place of animal concentration.
2. Diagnosis. The veterinarian either makes a diagnosis of a domestic disease or suspects
something abnormal based on clinical signs or epidemiology.
3. Notification. If abnormal, the veterinarian will notify a representative of the state veterinarian
or APHIS area veterinarian in charge who will then begin the investigation.
4. Investigation. Within 24 hours, a foreign animal disease diagnostician (FADD) visits the
premises and begins an investigation. The FADD may be a state or federal veterinary medical
officer. The FADD works with the labs to describe the situation and takes the appropriate
samples to confirm the disease.
5. ERT Response. The Early Response Team (ERT) may be called within 24 hours to
characterize an unconfirmed or emerging disease or to describe the pathogenesis and
epidemiology of the disease. The ERT makes recommendations that may lead to either a return
to routine control and surveillance measures or an escalation of response.
6. Containment, Control, and Eradication. If a disease is confirmed, local and State resources
are used to contain, control, and eradicate the disease if possible. If those resources are
exceeded or the state requests assistance, the Regional Emergency Animal Disease
Eradication Organization (READEO) is activated to integrate with the State’s response. The
READEO’s role is to give additional technical support, coordinate national communication, and
manage national consequences and Federal response resources.
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AGRITERRORISM
Emergency Procedure for Plant Disease Outbreaks
PPQ’s Invasive Species and Plant Management (ISPM) section is responsible for plant disease
control and eradication. Plant protection includes guarding against foreign diseases as well as
against pests which can transmit diseases or do direct damage to crops. Although plant
diseases do not usually spread as rapidly as animal diseases, PPQ has procedures in place to
control outbreaks very quickly. Below is an outline of the events following a plant disease
outbreak.
1. Recognition. A grower recognizes a problem with his/her crops and contacts the local plant
health expert (often a plant pathologist associated with a university). Under most circumstances,
the grower can simply send a sample of the diseased plant into a local agricultural lab and get a
diagnosis. PPQ allows 48 hours from initial report of a disease to confirmation by a qualified
taxonomist.
2. Notification. If the lab recognizes the disease as being particularly serious, it will notify the
state plant health authority.
3. Emergency Response. If the disease is one for which emergency procedures already exist,
the plan is put into action by the ISPM personnel, regional Rapid Response Teams (RRTs),
regional and state personnel, and industry groups.
4. Quarantine. A RRT can be at the infection site within 48 hours; the members of this team are
prepared to take emergency quarantine action if necessary.
5. Assessment. If the pest is a new one, PPQ calls upon the New Pest Advisory Group to
assess the significance of the pest and to determine a response plan. This process takes at
most 21 days for pests that are not considered critical, or significantly less for a major pest that
is likely to spread quickly and have significant economic or other effects.
IV. PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
Refer to the Basic Plan, Plan Development and Maintenance Section.
V. AUTHORITIES AND REFERENCES
See Basic Plan, Authorities and References Section.
VI. ADDENDUM
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AGRITERRORISM
VII. AUTHENTICATION
__________________________________________
_______________________
Dated:
-13-
TERRORISM
ANNEX L
APPENDIX H
TERRORISM
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this Annex is to provide a resource document for response to threat
upon Coshocton County residents and their security.
II. SITUATION
Concerns
When dealing with any potential terrorist attack, first secure the area and ascertain the
nature and severity of the threat. Consider the possibility of a secondary device being
targeted at emergency responders and has perpetrated an armed secondary assault in
an attempt to harm or kill rescuers and disrupt emergency operations.
In most cases, both a primary and secondary secured perimeter must be established. A
thorough search of these perimeters must be a priority at the onset of the incident.
The second most pressing problem involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD),
and a terrorist release of a chemical or biological agent is that of identification. As is the
case in most common industrial hazardous-materials accidents, the first priority in the
management of the incident involves ascertaining the identity and physical properties of
the substance that has been released. It is only after the product identity can be
ascertained that an effective outer perimeter can be established, neutralization plans
formulated, decontamination procedures entertained, emergency medical treatment
plans made, and environmental preservation precautions taken.
In the event of a biological or chemical release, a large downwind area may also need
to be rapidly secured and evacuated in order to minimize civilian casualties.
Of most serious consideration by emergency planners is the fact that most civilian
emergency service agencies, including specialized hazardous materials teams,
currently do not possess the effective testing equipment to help identify sophisticated
chemical or biological warfare agents that might be used in a potential terrorist attack.
While they may be able to quantify those agents that have civilian counter-parts, i.e.,
organophosphate pesticides for which they have no testing reagents or detection
meters.
Capabilities
For terrorist events in Coshocton County the Coshocton County Sheriff’s Office will take the
lead when dealing with the incident. All terrorist incidents will be treated as a criminal incident
and proper procedures will be followed to protect evidence. Items related to terrorist groups,
Annex L - Appendix H: Terrorism 2007
-1-
TERRORISM
capabilities, and targets are located in the Homeland Security Assessment that is considered a
secure document and not available to the public.
Training
All emergency responders have the appropriate training pertaining to their area of response and
any specific need for terror incidents.
Procedures
The purpose of this Response Protocol is to provide general guidelines to first responding
personnel to a Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) incident in Coshocton County and
adjacent communities. The Response Protocol provides general response criteria for first
responders from receipt of the initial call through recovery and restoration. This protocol will
provide first responders with local resources and professionals to help identify and mitigate
WMD incidents.
Terminology
Domestic Terrorism: A premeditated criminal act intended to cause mass public death, injury or
destruction of property within the borders of the United States.
WMD: Weapons of Mass Destruction. Often referred to as CBERN.
Chemical: Super toxic chemicals for the purpose of poisoning victims. Generally a liquid, but
normally disseminated as an aerosol or gas. Chemicals will immediately produce a victim.
They may be an incapacitating or toxic agent. Toxic agents are classified by how they affect
people and include choking agents (severely stress respiratory system tissue), blood agents
(interfere with the ability of blood to transport oxygen), blister agents (cause severe burns to
eyes, skin and tissues of the respiratory tract), and nerve agents (disrupt nerve impulse
transmissions). Chemical agents include Sarin (nerve gas), mustard gas (blistering agent),
chlorine (choking agent), and hydrogen cyanide (blood agent).
Biological: Living germs, bacteria or viruses that may cause disease and death in humans.
Agents can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion through a break in the skin, or through
body openings or orifices. Inhalation through the lungs is usually the targeted portal of entry.
Multiple victims may unknowingly be affected over a period of 24 hours to 10 days. Includes
anthrax, cholera, smallpox, ricin and the plague.
Explosive: A device when detonated is intended to cause blast injuries or may be used to
distribute chemical or biological agents. The blast may cause pressure injuries, fragmentation
injuries, or thermal injuries.
Radiological: There are two types of radiological hazards. The most common of these is
material used in industry and that material is released for malicious purposes. The other is the
dispersion of radiological materials by means of an explosion, i.e., dirty bomb.
Nuclear: The hazard may be in the form of a nuclear bomb, but it is more likely to be in the form
of a conventional bomb used to disperse readily available radioactive materials.
General Response Criteria:
There are two types of Domestic Terrorism acts:
-2-
TERRORISM
•
•
Threats or warnings (hoaxes)
Actual occurrences
Some of the following Response Criteria will apply to a threat or hoax. This document,
however, will only address actual Domestic Terrorism incidents.
Incidents involving nuclear, biological, chemical or explosive hazards may be either the result of
an accidental nature or a premeditated criminal act. The fire department response to control
these types of incidents, whether accidental or intentional, is similar, but there are some
important differences. When dealing with a WMD incident, consideration must include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A super toxic material
Mass casualties
Mass fatalities
Need to provide for mass decontamination
Preservation of a crime scene and evidence
Need to interact with local, state, and federal agencies
Mass hysteria
Secondary devices designed to kill responders may be present
-3-
TERRORISM
Chemical Agents, Type Symptoms and Hazards
Symbol / Common
Name
CAS
Number
Possible
Agent
Type
Symptoms
Physical
Characteristics
Hazard
GA (Tabun)
GB (Sarin)
GD (Soman)
VX
77-81-6
107-44-8
96-64-0
50782-69-9
Nerve
Pinpointing of the pupils,
dimness of vision, runny
nose/salivation, tightness of
chest, difficulty breathing,
twitching or paralysis,
tachycardia, vomiting, loss of
consciousness, convulsions,
incontinence, death
Colorless to lightly
colored liquid at
normal
temperature.
Respiratory
effective within
seconds to
minutes.
G-agents slightly
less volatile then
water.
Skin dose
effective in
minutes to hours.
V-agents about as
volatile as motor
oil.
Extremely toxic
lethal agents.
H
HD
HN
(all commonly called
“mustard”)
505-60-2
505-60-2
538-07-08
Vesicant
(Blister
Agent)
Reddening of skin,
blisters, eye pain and
reddening, eye damage,
coughing, airway irritation
and damage
Oily light yellow to
brown liquids with
a strong odor of
garlic. Fishy odor
H and HD freeze
at 57 degrees F.
All are volatile at
room temperature.
Eye effects may
appear in a few
hours, respiratory
effects and blisters
in 2-24 hours.
Can be lethal in
large doses.
L (Lewisite)
541-25-3
Vesicant
Immediate pain or irritation
of skin. Other symptoms
similar to the H-Agents.
Oily colorless
liquid with the odor
of geraniums.
More volatile than
H.
Immediate pain.
Other symptoms
in about 12 hours.
Can be lethal in
large doses.
CX (phosgene oxime)
35274-08-9
Vesicant
Immediate burning,
weal-like skin lesions,
eye and airway irritation and
damage
A solid below 95
degrees F, but
vapor can result.
Immediate pain.
Other symptoms
shortly thereafter.
Can be lethal in
large doses.
AC (Hydrogen
Cyanide)
OK (Cyanogen
chloride)
74-90-8
506-77-44
Blood
Cherry red skin or lips, rapid
breathing, dizziness,
nausea, vomiting, headache,
convulsions, death
Rapid evaporating
liquids
Can cause death
in 6-8 minutes
CG (Phosgene)
Chionne
75-44-5
Choking
Eye and airway irritation,
dizziness, tightness of chest,
delayed pulmonary edema
Rapid evaporating
liquid with odor of
newly-mown hay.
In very high
doses, can result
in death after
several days.
A gas at normal
temperature
-4-
TERRORISM
Civil Unrest
See the Coshocton County Sheriff’s Civil Disturbance Plan.
School Crisis Plan
See respective jurisdictional School Crisis Plan.
ATTACHMENTS
ATTACHMENT A. Cyberterrorism
EMA support for See/ Say Program.
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TERRORISM
IX. AUTHENTICATION
__________________________________________
__________________________
Dated:
-6-
TERRORISM
ATTACHMENT A.
CYBERTERRORISM
Ours is an age of computers, of automated information systems. We are able to access,
distribute, and store incredibly large quantities of information in very little time. It is said that
information is power. However, our dependence on automated information systems goes much
deeper than power-wielding. Virtually all of the infrastructure and the institutions on which we
depend, the government, military, communications systems, transportation, utilities, financial
systems, emergency medical services, and more depend on automation. In the financial world,
for example, very few transactions actually involve the physical transfer of money; what we
transfer is information about money.
As we have harnessed automation and created systems to facilitate and quicken our private,
corporate, and governmental transactions, those systems have become increasingly vulnerable.
We now face the danger of having our information infrastructures destroyed, altered, or
incapacitated. Too often those vulnerabilities go unnoticed until disruption or catastrophe
occurs.
Attacks on our information systems may come from a wide range of potential aggressors, from
other nations to teenage hackers. One of the greatest threats comes from Cyberterrorism.
WHAT IS CYBERTERRORISM?
Cyberterrorism is the convergence of cyberspace (the computer-based world of information)
and terrorism (premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant
targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents). What does and what does not constitute
an act of cyberterrorism - are variously defined. Here is one definition:
Definition: Cyberterrorism
Unlawful attacks and threats of attack against computers, networks, and the information stored
therein when done to intimidate or coerce a government or its people in furtherance of political
or social objectives.
Further, to qualify as cyberterrorism, an attack should result in violence against persons or
property, or at least cause enough harm to generate fear. Attacks that lead to death or bodily
injury, explosions, or severe economic loss would be examples. Serious attacks against critical
infrastructures could be acts of cyberterrorism, depending on their impact. Attacks that disrupt
nonessential services or that are mainly a costly nuisance would not.1
1.
Denning, Dorothy E., "Cyberterrorism." August 2000. Pre-publication version of a paper that
appeared in Global Dialogue, Autumn 2000.
Cyberterrorism is distinct from computer crime, economic espionage, and “hactivism,” although
terrorists may employ any of these forms of computer abuse to further their agendas.
The weapons of cyberterrorism - computers - differ from weapons of mass destruction such as
biological agents, chemical agents, and radiological agents in that they don’t directly cause
death and injury. Acting indirectly, they can cause serious consequences to individuals,
businesses, industry, government, and the public at large. Depending on use, they can lead to
injury and death.
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TERRORISM
TERMS RELATED TO CYBERTERRORISM 2
Anti-terrorism
Defensive measures against terrorism.
Counter-terrorism
Offensive (proactive) measures against terrorism.
Cybercrime
Use of computers to carry out fraud, embezzlement, copyright
infringement, scams, and other illegal activities.
Cyber-deterrence
Integration of conventional forces, technological exhibitionism, and
strategic simulations as a deterrent to enemy aggression.
Cyberterrorism
Computer-based, information-oriented terrorism.
Cyberwar
Information-oriented warfare waged by formal military forces.
Cybotage
Acts of disruption and destruction against information infrastructures;
computer sabotage.
Cyboteur
One who commits cybotage; anarchistic or nihilistic computer hacker;
computer saboteur.
Hacking
Breaking into computer networks.
Hactivism
Use of hacking by social activists with the intent of disrupting normal
operations, but not causing serious damage.
Information
When broadly defined, this term refers to the use of technology against
technology, warfare to deny some entity the ability to use its own
technology and its information. Information warfare may be waged
against industries, political spheres of influence, global economic forces,
or countries. When narrowly defined, this term refers to military uses of
information technology.
Infosphere
The totality of all information media, especially those that are
interconnected and internetted.
Netwar
Information-oriented conflict waged by networks of primarily nonstate
actors. (Some authors restrict the definition of netwar to informationrelated conflict at a grand level between nations or societies. Others
broaden it to include attacks on private or corporate systems or a city’s
infrastructure.)
2
From “Terrorism Evolves Toward Netwar,” in Rand Review Winter 1998-99 issue; and
Denning, Dorothy E., “Activism, Hactivism, and Cyberterrorism: The Internet as a Tool for
Influencing Foreign Policy,” in Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and
Militancy. Arquilla, John, and Ronfeldt, David, eds. Rand Corp., 2001. Both accessed at
www.rand.orci/publications/randreview/issues/rrwinter98.9/ madness.html.
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TERRORISM
WHY CYBERTERRORISM?
Cyberterrorism is the weapon of the weak. It appeals to fringe groups who cannot match the
military might of their “oppressors” or perceived enemies. Many terrorist organizations aim to
achieve a new “future order” if only by wrecking the present. There are several factors that
make cyberterrorism an attractive weapon for terrorists:
•
Vulnerability: The very linkages that enable information technology (IT) systems to function
also provide vulnerable points that can be exploited by terrorists. Our sheer dependence on
the systems’ functioning as planned is a source of great vulnerability.
•
Fear Factor: The underlying agenda of terrorism is to generate fear through random,
seemingly uncontrollable acts of violence. For many people, technology carries with its own
fear factor, stemming from its complexity, incomprehensibility, and seeming uncontrollability.
The merger of these two sources of fear is a powerful one.
•
Anonymity: Boundaries are blurred in cyberspace. The ordinary distinctions between public
and private interests, war and crime, and geography are less clear. Viruses can be
imported into the U.S. through information networks, telephone lines, or on disk media. A
cyber attack can be conducted remotely and anonymously, allowing the attacker to avoid
detection and capture. (It is often difficult or impossible to know if your system is under
attack and by whom.) Remote capability also complicates the investigation, pursuit, and
judicial processes because of differences in international laws.
•
Attention: Cyberterrorism provides a way to assert identity and command attention. If
terrorists choose to forego anonymity, an act of cyberterrorism would likely gain extensive
media coverage, as well as government and public attention.
•
Availability and Low Cost: Availability of the weapons of cyberterrorism and the potential for
disruptive effects is rising, while financial and other costs are decreasing. A wide array of
easy-to-use software attack tools is readily available without cost from thousands of web
sites. For a minimum investment, attacks can be waged that are serious and costly; the
terrorists can affect more people at less risk to themselves than with other types of terrorist
weapons. “Tomorrow’s terrorist may be able to do more damage with a keyboard than with a
bomb.”3
•
Safety: This form of terrorism does not require the handling of explosives or bio-chemical
agents or a suicide mission.
•
Expertise: In the last few years, many automated attack tools have appeared on the
Internet, making it much easier even for ignorant attackers to cause considerable damage.
However, new generations of hackers are growing up with ever more digital capability, and
hacker networks are already huge. Hackers and insiders might be recruited by terrorists or
become self-recruiting cyberterrorists.
•
Fewer Taboos: Cyberterrorism can be conducted with minimal loss of human life, and there
are no global taboos associated with waging war against machines. (However, some
terrorist groups have made it clear that they are not deterred by the potential for human
carnage, and it is possible to use cyberterrorism to cause human casualties.)
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TERRORISM
These factors make cyberterrorism an appealing weapon and increase the likelihood that
cyberterrorism will only increase in the future. U.S. experts are justifiably concerned about our
vulnerability to this type of attack. According to the Center for Strategic and International
Studies in Washington, DC, “Cyberterrorists, acting for rogue states or groups that have
declared holy war against the United States, are known to be plotting America’s demise as a
superpower.”4
3
National Research Council, “Computers at Risk,” National Academy Press, 1991.
4
Global Organized Crime Project, Cybercrime, Cyberterrorism, and Cyberwarfare. Center for
Strategic and International Studies, 1998.
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TERRORISM
METHODS OF ATTACK
RISK FACTORS
There are three (3) key risk factors related to computer systems: access, integrity, and
confidentiality.
The proper functioning of information systems is predicated on restricted access to data and
operations, on the integrity (accuracy and timeliness) of the data, and on the confidentiality of
information that is intended to remain private.
If unauthorized parties gain access to a system, they can cause damaging actions to occur
within the system. If a database is accessed and manipulated, the ripple effect can be
enormous; the smallest change in a database can cause huge damage (change one number,
and all resulting data becomes unreliable).
If confidentiality is breached, private information may become public and sensitive data may fall
into the wrong hands. Theft of passwords and user IDs can enable unauthorized access, and
the cycle continues.
The following are some general types of cyberterrorism:
•
Data Destruction or Corruption: Using viruses, installation of malicious code, or other
means to damage a system from within. This could include destroying or corrupting files,
changing data in a database, or corrupting software programs within the system.
•
Penetration of a System to Modify its Output: Embedding code (e.g., Trojan horses or “logic
bombs”) to perform unauthorized functions at a later time.
•
Theft: System penetration with the goal of stealing information or sensitive data (e.g.,
password cracking and theft, “packet sniffing”).
•
Disabling a System: Disruption of information structures (e.g., using e-mail bombings,
spamming, denial-of-service attacks, or viruses) to crash or disable a system.
•
Taking Control of a System: Taking over a system (e.g., an air traffic system, a
manufacturing process control system, a subway or train system, a 911 communications
system) to use it as a weapon.
•
Website defacement: Hacking into a website and changing its contents to spread
misinformation, incite to violence, generate fear, or create chaos.
Terrorist groups also use websites, chat rooms, and encrypted e-mail to plan physical acts of
terrorism, raise funds for terrorism, provide instructions to fellow terrorists, provide instructions
on how to build bombs, spread hate propaganda, and recruit members.
The following table describes some of the tools that can be used by cyberterrorists to cause
disruption and damage.
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TERRORISM
Cyberterrorism Tools
TOOL
DESCRIPTION
HERF Gun
High Energy Radio Frequency Gun. Directs a blast of high energy radio signals at a
selected target to disable it, at least temporarily. A HERF Gun can shoot down a
computer, cause an entire network to crash, or send a telephone switch into electronic
chaos. Any of these effects can create denial-of-service scenarios. A HERF Gun is simple
and easy to build.
Electromagnetic Pulse Transformer Bomb. Operates similarly to a HERF Gun, but is many
5
times more powerful and causes permanent damage. According to a 1980 FEMA report ,
the following hardware would be most susceptible to failure from EMP:
EMP/T
Bomb
• Computers, computer power supplies, and transistorized power supplies.
• Semiconductor components terminating long cable runs (especially between
sites).
• Alarm systems and intercom systems.
• Life support system controls.
• Telephone equipment.
• Transistorized receivers, transmitters, and process control systems.
• Power control systems.
• Communications links.
Detonated over a dense urban area, EMP/T Bombs could take out all communications and
electronic equipment and cause a blackout.
System
Intrusion
Unauthorized entry into a system (hacking). Can be used for information gathering,
information alteration, and sabotage.
Emissions
Capture
Various tools are available for capturing vital information secrets such as passwords or
data. Packet sniffing (below) is one approach. Van Eck emissions enable hackers to
capture the contents of computer screens from up to 200 meters away. Devices designed
to capture these emissions can be developed at very low cost.
Programs that can attach themselves to legitimate files and propagate, spreading like an
infectious disease from computer to computer as files are exchanged between them.
Virus
The virus hides until a certain criterion is met, then attacks the system by erasing files,
destroying hard disk drives, or corrupting databases.
Worm
5
Computer software that operates much like a virus, but can travel along a network on its
own.
FEMA. EMP Threat and Protective Measures. Report for public distribution. April 1980, p. 11.
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TERRORISM
TOOL
DESCRIPTION
Trojan Horse
A program that pretends to be a benign program but is really a program of
destruction. When the user runs the program, it can perform the same kind of
destruction as a virus.
E-mail Bombing
Flooding a site with so many e-mails that the system becomes paralyzed.
Logic Bomb
Unauthorized code that creates havoc when a particular event occurs, such as a
certain date.
Packet Sniffing
Installing a software program on a network that monitors packets sent through the
system and captures those that contain passwords and user IDs.
Spamming
Flooding a system with massive numbers of a message.
Sustainable
Pulsing
Repeated convergence, re-dispersion, and recombination of small, dispersed,
intermitted forces against a succession of targets.
Swarming
Unleashing multiple attacks on a cyberspace target from all directions at once.
Denial-ofService Attack
Causing internal damage to a server, or overloading a site with “hits,” to the extent
that service is denied to authorized users.
Web Sit-in
Mass convergence on a website to overload the site (e.g., with rapid and repeated
download requests).
POTENTIAL TARGETS OF CYBERTERRORISM
Of greatest concern for emergency planners are terrorist attacks intended to interfere with
national life support systems. Systems of greatest priority include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Telecommunications
Banking and finance
Electrical power
Oil and gas distribution and storage
Water supply
Transportation
Emergency services
Government services
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TERRORISM
Even worse would be the simultaneous occurrence of a physical act of terrorism, such as
release of a chemical or biological agent or detonation of a radioactive device, and an act of
cyberterrorism that would interfere with response capabilities.
POSSIBLE CYBERTERRORISM SCENARIOS
Many potential scenarios for cyberattacks have been suggested, and there are undoubtedly
many more that are equally possible. The following are some of the scenarios that have been
discussed in cyberterrorism literature, along with selected examples of actual events that have
occurred. Although safeguards are in place that would make some of these scenarios very
difficult, the range of potential cyberterrorist scenarios indicates the extent of our vulnerability.
•
Power Grid: Attack the computer systems that control a large regional power grid. If the
power is lost for a sustained period of time, people may die. Most life support, emergency
response, law enforcement, HVAC, and other systems depend on electrical power.) If a
nuclear reactor is located in the region, a meltdown may occur, causing a major radiological
incident that could cause mass casualties.
Fact: The U.S. power system is divided into four electrical grids supplying Texas, the Eastern
States, the Midwestern States, and the Northwestern States. They are all interconnected in
Nebraska. A unique aspect of the electrical grids, as with communication grids, is that most
built-in computerized security is designed to anticipate no more than two disruptions
concurrently. In other words, if a primary line went down, the grid would ideally shut off power
to a specific section while it rerouted electricity around that problem area. If it ran into two such
problems, however, the grid is designed to shut down altogether.6
•
Air Traffic: Break into an air traffic control system and tamper with the system in such a way
that airplanes collide, resulting in mass death; or disable landing systems.
Fact: In one documented incident, someone took control of the computer system at a small
U.S. airport and switched off the landing lights. This action could have killed many people.
•
Subway / Train System: Take over the operation of a subway or train system, to similar
effect.
Fact: In Japan, groups have attacked the computerized control systems for commuter trains,
paralyzing major cities for hours.
•
Financial and Business Systems: Disrupt banks, international financial transactions, and
stock exchanges. Economic systems grind to a halt, the public loses confidence, and
destabilization is achieved.
Fact: It costs a billion dollars and takes six weeks to recover from a one-day bank failure. If
Wall Street suddenly closed down, the United States would lose hundreds of billions of dollars.
•
Communications Systems: Invade public telephone networks, shutting down major
switching hubs and disrupting emergency 911 services. Or invade the wireless networks on
which we have become increasingly dependent. Extended denial-of-service could paralyze
business, government agencies, airports, and some military installations.
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TERRORISM
Fact: Hackers have invaded the public phone networks, compromising nearly every category of
activity, including switching and operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning.
They have crashed or disrupted signal transfer points, traffic switches, and other network
elements. They have planted "time bomb” programs designed to shut down major switching
hubs, disrupted emergency 911 services throughout the Eastern seaboard, and boasted that
they have the capability to bring down all switches in Manhattan.
•
Critical Communications Hubs: Disable telephone company computers that service airports,
fire departments, and other communications-dependent services.
Fact: In March 1997, a hacker in Massachusetts penetrated and disabled a telephone company
computer that services the Worcester Airport. For 6 hours, service was cut off to the FM control
tower, the airport fire department, airport security, the weather service, and several private
airfreight companies. The lost service caused financial damages and threatened public health
and public safety.
6
Bowman, Stephen. When the Eagle Screams: America’s Vulnerability to Terrorism. New York:
Carol
Publishing Group, 1994, p. 125. As quoted in Devost, Matthew G. National Security in the
Information Age. University of Vermont Masters Thesis, May 1995. Accessed at:
www.terrorism.com/documents/devostthesis.t,tml.
•
Emergency Alert and Emergency Response: Disable emergency alert systems, preventing
the public from being notified of dangerous chemical releases or other emergencies;
scramble the software used by emergency services.
Fact: A fired employee hacked into Chevron’s computer systems, reconfiguring them and
causing them to crash, and disabling the firm’s alert system. The disabled alert system went
undetected until there was a plant emergency involving a noxious release and the system could
not be used to notify the adjacent community. Thousands of people in 22 states and areas of
Canada were put at risk.
•
Utilities: Penetrate the computer systems of utilities to cause “accidents” affecting public
health and services, compromise systems monitoring the water supply, change pressure in
gas pipelines to cause valve failure, or bring down the system.
Fact: In Australia, someone penetrated a municipal computer system and used radio
transmissions to create overflows of raw sewage along the coast.
•
Process Control: Take over the process control computers in a manufacturing line (e.g.,
change the formulation of a pharmaceutical or food product to make it unsafe); trigger oil
refinery explosions and fires.
•
Military Intrusion: Disrupt military networks. Nearly everything the military does depends on
computer-driven civilian information networks.
Fact: The U.S. Department of Defense websites experience about 60 cyberattacks per week.
•
Banking Extortion: Attack banking and other financial computer networks. One scenario
is to hack into a large bank’s computer system and leave a message threatening the
bank with various forms of cyberterrorism (e.g., logic bombs or electromagnetic pulses to
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TERRORISM
destroy the bank’s files). Unwilling to reveal their vulnerability to the public, the bank
might succumb to extortion.
•
Medical Systems: Hack into medical records or pharmacy systems and change vital
data, causing dangerous changes in treatments and loss of confidence in the system.
Corrupt, disrupt, or crash a hospital’s computer system, putting many human lives at
stake.
•
Business Information Systems: A successful attack on just a few business information
systems could cause a severe lag in the American economy.
POSSIBLE IMPACT
The potential impact of various scenarios has been described above. The vast majority of past
cyberattacks have been nuisance attacks, but experts warn that attacks by true terrorists are a
matter of “when,” not “if.” If the apparent coordination and patience employed by the September
11 terrorists were applied to a multifaceted cyberterrorist attack, the results could be
catastrophic. Matthew Devost paints this hypothetical picture:
“Imagine a well trained team of saboteurs, operating over several years, infiltrating several high
technology companies like Microsoft or Novell, a few major automobile manufacturers, or a
couple of airlines. Viruses or Trojan horses are timed to detonate on a certain day, rendering
computer systems inoperable. A small team of hackers infiltrates large computer,
telecommunications, and power centers preparing them for denial of service attacks. Another
team constructs several large EMP/T bombs and HERF Guns to be directed at targets like the
Federal Reserve and Wall Street. Doomsday arrives, and the country’s electronic blood stops
flowing. No transfer of electronic funds, no stock exchange, no communications and power in a
majority of locations, no traffic control, no air travel . . . and we have no one to blame.” 7
While this may be an extreme example, it is clear that a cyberattack of much smaller proportions
has the potential for serious disruption of local networks and the systems on which emergency
management depends.
THE CLIMATE FOR CYBERTERRORISM
Several emerging changes in organization, strategy, and technology typify the climate for
cyberterrorism.
•
Organization: Terrorists are moving from traditional hierarchical groups toward more
flexible network forms or organization—flatter, decentralized designs.
•
Strategy: While some terrorist groups are moving toward a war paradigm of attacking
U.S. military forces and assets, others are replacing destruction of physical targets with
disruption of information infrastructures as their objective.
•
Technology: Terrorists are becoming increasingly dependent on advanced information
technologies for offensive and defensive purposes and to support their own
organizations. While this may make them disinclined to “take down the Net,” which is
their own communication tool, they may be more inclined to use it to wreak havoc on
“enemy” infrastructures.
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TERRORISM
7
Devost, Matthew. National Security in the information Age, p. 35.
NETWAR
This emerging approach to terrorism, which some authorities call netwar, involves using
“network forms of organization and related strategies and technologies attuned to the
information age. The perpetrators are most likely to consist of small, dispersed groups who
communicate, coordinate, and conduct their campaigns in an intermitted manner, without a
precise central command.”8
Organizationally, “net warriors” are likely to be set up as diverse, dispersed “nodes” who share a
set of ideas and interests and are arrayed to act in a fully networked manner.
Network Types
There are three (3) basic types of networks, each suited to different conditions and purposes:
1. Chain Network: People, goods, or information move along a line of separated contacts; endto-end communication must travel through intermediate nodes. Example: Smuggling chain.
2. Star, Hub, or Wheel Network: Members are tied to a central node, and all must go through
that node to communicate and coordinate with each other. Example: Terrorist syndicate or
cartel.
3. All-channel Network: Every group or node is connected to every other group or node. The
design is flat: there is no single, central leadership or command and therefore no precise head
that can be targeted. Decision making is decentralized, allowing for local initiative and
autonomy. Examples: Collaborative network of militant small groups; the al-Qaida network.
8
The Rand Organization. “Old Madness, New Methods,” in Rand Review Winter 1998-99 issue.
Accessed at www. rand .orn/publications/randreview/issueslrrwinter98.9/madness. html.
WHO ARE LIKELY CYBERTERRORISTS?
Various groups appear to be evolving in the direction of netwar and are potential cyberterrorists.
General examples include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Transnational terrorist groups
Black-market proliferators of weapons of mass destruction
Fundamentalist and ethno nationalist movements
Back-country militias
Militant single-issue groups in the United States
Anarchistic and nihilistic leagues of computer-hacking cyboteurs
Islamic fundamentalist organizations such as Hamas, Osama bin Laden’s Arab Afghan network
(al Qaida), Algeria’s Armed Islamic Group, Hezbollah, and the Egyptian Islamic Group are
known to be using information technology to further their objectives.
-17-
TERRORISM
PROTECTING AGAINST CYBERTERRORISM
In some respects, protection against cyberterrorism is a Federal and international issue. Below
are some of the Federal and global actions that have been taken to help protect against
cyberterrorism.
The Federal (and Global) Response
1987: The Computer Security Act of 1987 was passed, requiring Federal agencies to identify
systems that contain sensitive information and to develop plans to safeguard them.
1996: The President’s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection was established to
analyze the vulnerabilities of and threats to critical national infrastructures, including
telecommunications, electrical power systems, gas and oil storage and transportation, banking
and finance, transportation, water supply systems, emergency services (including medical,
police, fire, and rescue), and continuity of government. The Executive Order stated that threats
include physical threats, as well as threats of electronic, radio-frequency, or computer-based
attacks on the information or communications components that control critical infrastructures
(‘“cyber threats”) and called for the government and private sector to work together to develop a
strategy for protecting them and assuring their continued operation.
1997: The President’s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection concluded that the U.S.
infrastructure is increasingly vulnerable to attack and that local, State, and Federal officials are
not prepared to deal with the problem.
1998: The National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC)—a new FBI command center to fight
cyberattacks against the nation’s critical computer networks—was established.
1998: National Security Council aide Richard Clarke was appointed head of the new office on
infrastructure protection and counterterrorism. A new U.S. initiative was begun to protect
telecommunications systems, banks, telephone networks, air traffic control centers, and other
public and commercial networks.
2001: The Office of Homeland Security was established to integrate and coordinate
counterterrorism efforts in the wake of the September 11 attacks. Its mission includes “efforts to
protect critical public and privately owned information systems within the United States from
terrorist attack.”
2001: An international cybercrime treaty was signed, uniting countries in the fight against
computer criminals.
WHAT CAN BE DONE AT THE STATE AND LOCAL LEVEL?
The issue at the State and local levels is how to protect critical infrastructure systems from
intrusion, attack, damage, and disruption by cyberterrorists.
Reducing Vulnerability
9
In 1996, the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) produced a report on information security
and computer attacks at the Department of Defense. Its recommendations for reducing
vulnerability to cyberattack include the following steps, which can be effectively applied to all
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TERRORISM
levels of government and all sizes of organization.
1. Policy: Clear and consistent information security policies and procedures.
2. Vulnerability assessment: Vulnerability assessments to identify security weaknesses at
individual installations.
3. Correction: Mandatory correction of identified network / system security weaknesses.
4. Reporting: Mandatory reporting of attacks to help better identify and communicate
vulnerabilities and necessary corrective actions.
5. Damage assessment: Damage assessments to reestablish the integrity of information
compromised by an attacker.
6. Awareness: Awareness training to ensure that computer users understand the security risks
associated with networked computers and practice good security.
7. Expertise: Assurance that network managers and system administrators have sufficient time
and training to do their jobs.
8. Technical solutions: Prudent use of technical solutions such as firewalls and smartcards.
9. Response capability: An incident response capability to aggressively detect and react to
attacks and track and prosecute attackers.
Cyberterrorism should be dealt with as a community matter—that is, through joint cooperative
efforts of State and local government, the private sector, and the public.
9
U.S. General Accounting Office. Information Security: Computer Attacks at Department of
Defense
Pose Increasing Risks. Chapter Report, 5/22/96, GAOIAIMD-96-84. Available at
www.fas.org/irp.cwQ.
PROTECTING AGAINST CYBERTERRORISM (CONTINUED)
System Protections
Currently there are no foolproof ways to protect a system. (A completely secure system could
never be accessed by anyone.) However, three broad approaches can be used to reduce
vulnerability to cyberterrorism: isolation, encryption, and security.
Isolation: Most military declassified information is kept on machines with no outside connection,
to prevent unauthorized access to the information. Although this method can protect certain
data files, isolation is less effective in protecting a system that by its very nature requires
interface with other infospheres.
Another approach that is related to isolation is the use of firewalls. Firewalls are hardware and
software components that protect one set of system resources from attack by outside network
users by blocking and checking all incoming network traffic. A firewall filters access to a
network. It may take the form of a computer, router, or other communications device, or it may
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TERRORISM
be a network configuration. A firewall defines the services and access that are permitted to
each user. It screens all communications to a system, including e-mail messages (which may
carry logic bombs). One firewall method is to screen user requests to check if they come from a
previously defined domain or Internet Protocol (IP) address. Another method is to prohibit
Telnet access into the system.
Encryption:10 Encryption is software technology that locks computerized information to keep it
private. Only those with an “electronic key” can decipher the information. Encryption does not
protect the entire system—only the encrypted data. An attack (e.g., a virus) designed to cripple
the whole system is unaffected by encryption.
Security Security is the protection of information, systems, and services against disasters,
mistakes, and manipulation so that the likelihood and impact of security incidents is minimized.
Since full isolation is virtually impossible, and encryption is aimed at protecting specific data, not
systems, having a program for system security in place is a vital aspect of protecting critical
infrastructures.
10
Note: Because terrorists and other criminals are known to have used encryption to conduct
illegal activities while avoiding government monitoring (e.g., the mastermind of the 1993 World
Trade Center bombing used encryption technology in his foiled plot to blow up eleven U.S.
airliners in the Far East), the government has placed some restrictions on the exportation of
encryption software and hardware. The U.S. government and the FBI also favor a system
whereby the government can gain the key to an encrypted system after gaining a court order to
do so. Terrorists in New York City were plotting to bomb the United Nations building, the
Lincoln and Holland Tunnels, and the main Federal building. Court-ordered electronic
surveillance enabled the FBI to disrupt the plot, and the evidence obtained was used to convict
the conspirators.
Defining the Need
Systems with different requirements need to be secured in different ways. For example:
•
A system may not contain confidential data, but must be available 24 hours a day. This
system would have low data sensitivity requirements, but high availability requirements.
High availability systems always require better confidentiality to prevent denial-of-service
attacks.
•
For some systems, confidentiality (nondisclosure of information) is more important than
integrity.
•
For others, the need for integrity (protection against unauthorized modification of
information) outweighs confidentiality.
A balance must be found between too much security (very restrictive use, high cost) and too
little security (unrestricted use, low visible cost, but high danger). It is important that the value of
the information and processes in the system is determined, and the risks identified, so that
appropriate countermeasures can be implemented. A cornerstone of countermeasures is risk
analysis and security policy.
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TERRORISM
Why Develop a Security Policy?
A security policy is a preventive mechanism for protecting important data and processes. It
communicates a coherent security standard to users, managers, and technical staff. A policy is
important for:
•
Measuring the relative security of the current systems
•
Defining interfaces to external partners and users
•
Ensuring that legal requirements are met regarding protection of client and employee data
Refer to the Basic Plan, Plan Development and Maintenance Section, pages 23 - 24.
See Basic Plan, Authorities and References Section, page 27.
X. ADDENDUM
Tab 1
Security Checklist for Assessing the Security of the System
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TERRORISM
Tab 1
Security Checklist for Assessing the Security of the System
SECURITY CHECKLIST
YES NO
PHYSICAL SECURITY
1. Is your computing area and equipment physically secured?
□
2. Are there procedures in place to prevent terminals from being left in a logged-on
□
state, however briefly?
3. Are screens automatically locked after 10 minutes idle?
□
4. Are modems set to Auto-Answer OFF (not to accept incoming calls)?
□
5. Are your PCs inaccessible to unauthorized users (e.g., located away from public
□
areas)?
6. Do your staff wear ID badges?
□
7. Do you check the credentials of external contractors?
□
8. Do you have procedures for protecting data during equipment repairs?
□
9. Is waste paper binned or shredded?
□
10. Do you have procedures for disposing of waste material?
□
11. Do your policies for disposing of old computer equipment protect against loss of
□
data (e.g., by reading old disks and hard drives)?
12. Do you have policies covering laptop security (e.g., cable lock or secure storage)? □
13. Do you have a managed firewall with the ability to block and allow both incoming and
outgoing ports to and from your network?
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
ACCOUNT AND PASSWORD MANAGEMENT
1. Do you ensure that only authorized personnel have access to your computers?
2. Do you require and enforce appropriate passwords?
3. Are your passwords secure (not easy to guess, regularly changed, no use of
temporary or default passwords)?
4. Are your computers set up so that staff entering passwords cannot be viewed by
others?
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
1. Is individual and department data backed up regularly and after significant changes? □
2. Do you have a system for archiving information?
□
3. Are archives kept in a secure environment?
□
□
□
□
REMOTE ACCESS
1. Do you have rules for remote log-on or support that protect against unauthorized
intrusion?
2. Are employees aware that transmissions over cellular / wireless phones are not
secure?
3. Are dial-up numbers kept confidential?
VIRUS PROTECTION
1. Do you use, and regularly update, anti-virus software?
2. Do you have a machine dedicated to checking against viruses?
3. Do you have rules about what can and cannot be sent over e-mail and what may
and may not be downloaded from the Internet or Bulletin Board Services?
4. Is all new software checked for viruses before installation?
DATA BACKUP AND RESTORATION
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TERRORISM
4. Are restores regularly tested?
OPERATING SYSTEMS
1. Are your operating systems updated with current security patches?
□
□
YES NO
□
□
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
1. Is your software certified for security (e.g., according to the Federal criteria or ISO)? □
□
2. Are your common applications configured for security?
□
□
1. Are you exercising responsibility to protective sensitive data under our control?
□
□
2. Is your most valuable or sensitive data encrypted?
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
CONFIDENTIALITY OF SENSITIVE DATA
DISASTER RECOVERY
1. Do you have a current disaster recovery plan?
SECURITY AWARENESS AND EDUCATION
1. Are you providing information about computer security to your staff?
2. Are employees taught to be alert to possible security breaches?
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emergency operations plan

Transcription

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