The Value of Urban Design in relation to Healthy Ageing Author
Transcription
The Value of Urban Design in relation to Healthy Ageing Author
The Value of Urban Design in relation to Healthy Ageing Author: Sule Onur Kadikoy Municipality Manager of Strategy Development Department & Healthy Cities Project Coordinator Rijeka,December, 2007 [email protected] Quality of Life 1.Behavioral competence: Physical health Functional health Cognition Time use Social behavior 2.Psychological well-being : the set of evaluations made by an individual about inner life, including positive and negative affects and overall happiness. 3.Perceived quality of life: the set of subjective evaluations made by an individual about domains of life such as housing and neighborhood or family and friends. 4.Objective environment: the physical environment :natural and man made the personal environment : composed of significant others the small groups: with whom the individual interacts face-to-face suprapersonal environment :characterized by the aggregate of persons in the proximal locale of the individual Institutional and normative cultural forces: which the individual is exposed. to 4.Objective environment: 4.1.Physical environment importance of the physical environment to elderly is in general defined as: Physical environment affects the quality of life Living environment exerts impacts on elderly persons’ attitudes and behavior 4.Objective environment: 4.1.Physical environment Physical living environment and elderly persons’ physical and psychological health are related because, in general it is argued that : Poor environment makes life more difficult for the elderly Poor housing conditions and hygiene cause disease & accident Feel more socially isolated Noisy and crowding environment leads to poor health Poor environment causes more psychological stress Lost sense of hope causes chronic strain And good urban design: has the potential to create: better public health greater social equity enhanced land values a more vibrant local economy reduced vehicle emissions More sustainable use of non-renewable resources. Four key domains of neighborhoods that may affect the health of elderly people is highlighted: 1. 2. 3. 4. environmental stressors environmental pollutants safety/mobility/Access measures Social and economic environment. 3. Safety, mobility and access: 3.a. Connectivity well connected cities, towns and neighborhoods can: enhance land values make local shops and facilities more viable enhance people’s safety and security encourage more walking and cycling, leading to health benefits reduce vehicle emissions through fewer cars being used for non-trip works 3. Safety, mobility and access: 3.b. Safety reduces social isolation within neighborhoods. 3.c.Access to basic services enhanced by public transport and street connectivity puts value to health status of elderly new urbanism The common approach of new urbanist design based on the principles of planning and architecture that work together is maintained as: to create human-scale, walkable neighborhoods, appropriate architecture to develop planning for mixed use and balanced development of such as housing and jobs to support regional planning for open space. 3.d.Density vs urban sprawl High urban density allows a greater number of public amenities and transport facilities to be located within walking distance 3.e. mixed use allow effcient use of parking and transport infrastructure lower household expenditure on transport increase the viability of local shops and facilities encourage walking and cyclingthus reducing emissions enhance social equity increase personal safety offer people convenience, choices and opportunity which lead to a sense of personal well being 3.f. adaptability extend the useful economic life of buildings and public spaces increase the diversity of uses and users in public space, and the length of time it is used for encourage the conservation of non-renewable resources contribute to economic success over time 3.g.disability: Self reported problems with negihborhoods: functional loss, excessive noise inadequate lighting heavy traffic limited access to public transportation. 4.Social and economic environment: It is defined as a macro-environment including the norms and values operating in the individual's culture so that the attitudes of the general populace to the elderly make it easier or harder for them to function. 4.Social and economic environment: Crime Discrimination 4.Objective environment: 4.2.Personal environment It includes groups whom the individuals interact face to face and it refers to the social networks, or support systems. 4.2.1. public realm A high quality public realm is thought to : increase the use of public space and support associated business encourage greater participation in community and cultural activities enhance personal safety integrated decision-making in urban design: An integrated approach to urban design decision-making is said to: allow more opportunities for greater numbers of people to benefit from urban design, over a longer term and at a larger scale by working with complementary economic, social and environmental policies, allow urban design to produce the greatest possible benefits User Participation in urban design User participation in urban design activity is said to: improve the fit between design and use needs develop a sense of community and ownership over the final result offer cost savings by encouraging greater user support for change By User Participation users have essential expertise and information that can assist the design process realistic, more informed public expectations and understanding can develop people can see how their individual needs or concerns fit into the wider picture people may feel a stronger sense of ownership over the end result a stronger sense of community may develop the interests of people whose needs might otherwise be ignored are protected. local character in urban design urban design that respects and supports local character can : attract highly-skilled workers and high- tech business help in the promotion and branding of cities and regions potentially add a premium to the value of housing reinforce a sense of identity among residents, and encourage them to help actively manage their neighborhood encourage the conservation and responsible use nonrenewable resources References: 1. 2. 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