Das Auswärtige Amt

The ENERGIEWENDE –
The Transformation of the German Energy System
15th Czech Energy Congress
14.-15. April 2015
Peter Fischer
Deputy Director-General for Globalisation, Energy and
Climate Policy
Federal Foreign Office
What is the Energiewende?
EU + International
relations
Nuclear phase-out
Social issues, public
acceptance
Conventional power
plants
Energy efficiency
Agriculture
Mobility
Renewable heat and
power
Grid upgrade
Storage
Electricity market
reform
Households +
consumers
Finance and investors
Technology,
Research, IT, smart
meters
The Energiewende is a fundamental and multidimensional restructuring of the energy
supply system. It is NOT limited to the power sector but goes far beyond that.
Source: RENAC
2
The Energiewende started decades ago
Electricity
Feed-in law
Fukushima, Energiewende
package, nuclear phase-out
Last nuclear plant
to be shut down
Target year for
Energiewende targets
TIME
1991
2011
2022
2050
The Energiewende is a medium and long-term process. It started decades ago
and will have impacts beyond 2050.
Source: RENAC
3
Objectives of the Energiewende
Secure and reliable
energy supply
Environmentally sound
energy supply
Affordable and cost effective
energy supply
An affordable, reliable and environmentally sound energy supply by 2050 is the
ultimate aim of the Energiewende. These aims are interlinked.
Source: BMWi
4
Benefits of the Energiewende
The energy transition has positive effects on various levels.
Source: BMWi 2014
5
Pillars and action fields of the Energiewende
Supporting fields of action
Market and system
integration
Energy Efficiency
Renewable Energy
Key legislation:
Renewable Energy Sources Act
Renewable Energy Heat Act
• Steady growth
• Environmentally friendly
Energy research and
development
European energy and
climate policy
Key legislation:
Energy Saving Ordinance
Heating Cost Ordinance
• Reduce energy consumption
• Cost-efficient
The Energiewende is based on renewable energy and reduced energy consumption.
Source: BMWi 2015
6
Integrated policy package for the Energiewende
Electricity
• Guaranteed feed-in tariffs
for renewable energies
• Priority access for
renewable energies
• Nuclear phase-out
Transport
• Biofuel quota and tax
incentives for biofuels
• Governmental plan on
e-mobility
Heating
• Renewable Energies
Heat Act
• Market Incentive
Programme (MAP)
Research & Development
• (Sixth) Energy Research
Programme (Federal
Government)
• Public research funding
> €150 million in 2012
The German energy system is being transformed in all sectors.
Source: BMWi
7
Renewable Energy Sources Act Amendment 2014
More coordination
Binding target corridors for RES deployment
Introducing quantity control mechanisms
More efficiency
Focus on cost-efficient technologies
More market integration
Increase market integration through premium system
Tendering scheme for ground-mounted PV
More diversified distribution of costs
EEG levy on self-supply
Adjusted exemptions for the industry
Affordability
Environmentally
friendly energy
supply
Security of supply
More Europe
Open auctioning scheme for European neighbours
Germany is maintaining ambitious goals, but is optimising mechanisms and
increasing market integration.
Source: BMWi 2015
8
Renewable energy policy frameworks
2020 + 2030 Targets
EU
policy
NREAPs
Renewable Energy Directive
Emissions Trading
Directive
Policies in
Germany
Energiekonzept (2010)
Renewable Electricity Act (EEG 2014)
Renewable Heat Act (2009)
Germany’s Energiewende policy is deeply embedded into the EU framework.
Source: BMWi 2015
9
Targets of the Energiewende until 2050
Achieved
2014
Climate
% greenhouse gas
reduction (vs. 1990)
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2050
-40
-55
-27%
-70
-80 to -95
Renewable
Energies
Energy
Efficiency
% electricity
consumption
27,8%
% final energy
consumption
12%*
% primary energy
consumption (vs. 2008)
35
18
40 to 45
50
55 to 60
65
45
30
80
60
-20
-8,9 %
-50
energy productivity
+1.2% p.a*.
+2.1% p.a.
building renovation
~1% p.a.*
doubling of renovation rate: 1%  2%
*2013
Germany has set itself ambitious targets in emissions reduction, renewables, energy
efficiency.
Source: BMWi
10
Energy supply in Germany and Czech Republic
Energy production in the Czech Republic (Mtoe)
MTOE
MTOE
Energy production in Germany (in Mtoe)
1990
2012
1990
2012
Energy production in Germany is characterized by fossil fuel and an increasing share
of renewables. The Czech Republic has high shares of coal and nuclear power.
Source: IEA 2014
11
Power flows between DE and CZ (in TWh)
Exports of electricity: DE -> CZ
2010: 0,56 TWh
2011: 1,88 TWh
2012: 2,66 TWh
2013: 2,44 TWh
2014: 3,83 TWh
Exports of electricity: CZ –> DE
2010: 9,40 TWh
2011: 9,41 TWh
2012: 8,41 TWh
2013: 9,40 TWh
2014: 6,26 TWh
6,3
3,8
Germany is a net exporter of electricity to its neighbours in general but a
net importer of electricity from the Czech Republic.
Source: Data provided by ENTSO-E 2015
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Conclusions
The Energiewende is realized in accordance with our common EU
energy and climate policy goals and the EU long-term vision for
2050 and in close coordination with all EU partners.
The German Energiewende and EU energy policy share the same
goals: reliable, affordable and sustainable energy supply.
The EEG 2014 amendment paved the way for a better system and
market integration of renewables, thus reducing costs.
Challenges like cross-border power flows are a phenomenon of
the internal market. It is addressed in bilateral consultations,
regional fora and at the EU level. Better coordination of TSOs,
additional interconnector capacities, phase shifters and the grid
upgrade in Germany will further reduce unplanned flows.
The successful continuation of the Energiewende relies on the close coordination
with EU partners.
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THANK YOU