Friday - American College of Sports Medicine

Transcription

Mid-Atlantic Regional Chapter
of the
American College of Sports Medicine
(MARC-ACSM)
35th Annual Scientific Meeting - 2012
FINAL PROGRAM
AND
ABSTRACTS
Friday, November 2, 2012
and
Saturday, November 3, 2012
Sheraton Harrisburg-Hershey Hotel
Harrisburg, PA
1
Table of Contents
MARC Schedule at Glance
Friday Morning ............................................................................................................. 3
Friday Afternoon .......................................................................................................... 4
Friday Evening ............................................................................................................. 6
Saturday ....................................................................................................................... 7
President’s Welcome ............................................................................................................. 8
MARC Executive Committee.................................................................................................. 9
Hotel Meeting Rooms Locations .......................................................................................... 10
Registration Information ....................................................................................................... 11
Continuing Education Credits .............................................................................................. 11
Student
Awards ....................................................................................................................... 11
Raffle .......................................................................................................................... 13
Evaluation Forms ................................................................................................................. 13
Speaker Ready Room .......................................................................................................... 13
MARC-ACSM Keynote Speaker .......................................................................................... 14
Annual Meeting Speaker
Bios………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
Program Details
Friday Ballroom A………………………………………………………………………………..24
Friday Ballroom B………………………………………………………………………………..25
Friday Ballroom C,D,E…………………………………………………………………………..26
Friday Pennsylvania Room……………………………………………………………………..29
Friday Ash/Birch………………………………………………………………………………….31
Friday Chestnut/Dogwood………………………………………………………………………33
Friday Elm/Fir…………………………………………………………………………………….34
Saturday Ballroom A…………………………………………………………………………….36
Saturday Ballroom B…………………………………………………………………………….36
Saturday Ballroom C,D,E……………………………………………………………………….36
Saturday Pennsylvania Room………………………………………………………………….39
Saturday Ash/Birch………………………………………………………………………………40
Saturday Chestnut/Dogwood…………………………………………………………………...41
Saturday Elm/Fir………………………………………………………………………………….41
Abstracts (in alphabetical order)…………………………………………………………………..44
Corporate and University/College Sponsors…………………………………………………...110
2
MARC-ACSM Schedule-at-a-Glance: Friday Morning (Nov 2, 2012)
Time
Ballroom A
9:00 AM
9:30 AM
Functional Fitness for
the Senior Population
Suzanne Stevens, MS
9:00-10:30 AM
10:00 AM
10:30 AM
11:00 AM
ACSM Certification
Update
Richard Cotton, MS
Director of Certification
10:00 AM-12:00 PM
Ballroom B
Cold Air Inhalation as a
Trigger for Coronary
Events: A Basic Science
Approach
Matthew Muller, PhD
9:00-10:00 AM
Ballroom C, D, E
Exoskeletal Walking in
Persons with Spinal Cord
Injury: The ReWalk
Experience, Chair: Mike
LaFountaine, EdD
Overview of the System:
How it Works; Adaptations
to Temporal Gait
Parameters with Training,
Drew Fineberg, BS
Metabolic and Clinical
Responses to the
Iintervention; Impact on
Medical Disability, Pierre
Asselin, MS
Intra- and Intersession
Responses of Cardiac
Autonomic Modulation;
Implications for a Training
Effect in the SCI Cohort,
Mike LaFountaine, EdD
9:00– 11:00 AM
11:30 AM
12:00 PM
Pennsylvania
Clinical/Medical Track
Chair: Jake Veigal, MD
Sudden Cardiac Arrest in
Sports: Current Issues in
Screening,
Martin O’Riodan, MD
Channelopathies and
Potentially
Arrhythmogenic
Conditions
Reginald Ho, MD
Footwear in Running,
Geoffrey Moore, MD
The Barefoot Debate,
Matt Silvis, MD
Adolescent Concussions,
Kathleen O’Brien, MD
Physiological
Assessment and
Treatment of Concussion
and Post-Concussion
Syndrome,
John Leddy, MD
9:00 AM–12:00 PM
Ash/Birch
College Bowl
Preliminary- Closed
Session
10:30 AM-12 PM
Lunch 12 PM-1 PM
3
MARC-ACSM Schedule-at-a-Glance: Friday Afternoon
Time
1:00 PM
1:30 PM
Ballroom A
Sports Nutrition
Leslie Bonci,
RD, GSSI
Speaker
1-2 PM
2:00 PM
2:15 PM
2:30 PM
3:00 PM
Nutritional
Considerations
for Hypertension
Shannon
LennonEdwards, PhD,
RD
2-3 PM
Ballroom B
Cerebral Blood Flow
Response During
Exercise
Chair: Michael Falvo,
PhD
Investigating Muscle
Brain Hemodynamics
and Oxygenation
Trends during Exercise
with Near-Infrared
Spectroscopy, Swapan
Mookerjee, PhD
Transcranial Doppler
Sonography to Evaluate
Cerebral Autoregulation
During Exercise, Mike
Falvo, PhD
Arterial Spin Labeling
MRI to Measure Brain
Parenchymal Blood
Flow during Exercise J.
Carson Smith, PhD,
1-3 PM
Ballroom
C, D, E
Poster
Session IA
1-3 PM
Break 3-3:15 PM
Pennsylvania
Clinical Case
Studies:
Chair: Brad
Sandella, MD
1-3 PM
Ash/Birch
Free
Communications I
MS Award
Nominees
1-2:15 PM
Chestnut/
Dogwood
Free
Communications
II
Professional
1-2:30 PM
Elm/Fir
Free
Communications III
UG
1-2:15 PM
Free
Communications
IV
PhD Award
Nominees
2:30-3:45 PM
4
Time
Ballroom A
3:15 PM
3:45 PM
4:00 PM
4:15 PM
5:00 PM
Group Exercise
Considerations
and
Modifications
for Special
Populations:
Creating an
Inclusive
Environment,
Kim Smith,
PhD
Kristie Abt,
PhD
3:15-5 PM
Ballroom B
Vascular Function in
Health and Disease
Chair: Dave Edwards,
PhD
Skin blood flow in type 2
diabetes: implications for
thermoregulation,
Nisha Charkoudian,
PhD
Mechanisms of
Cutaneous
Microvascular
Dysfunction with
Hypercholesterolemia,
Lacy Holowatz, PhD
Modulation of Vascular
Function by Dietary
Flavanols in Health and
Disease: Is
Chocolate/Cocoa a
Food or a Medicine?
Kevin Monahan, PhD
3:15–5 PM
Ballroom
C, D, E
Poster
Session IB
3:15-5 PM
Pennsylvania
Preparation,
Acceleration,
Sprinting and
Metabolism: A
theoretical and
practical approach
Co-Chairs:
Michael
Holmstrup, PhD,
Todd Miller, PhD
Lecture,
Chad Witmer,
PhD, CSCS
Practical,
Doug Lentz,
CSCS*D
3:15-5 PM
Ash/Birch
Chestnut/
Dogwood
Elm/Fir
Free
Communications
IV
PhD Award
Nominees
2:30-3:45 PM
Meet the Experts
Rian Landers,
MS
4-5 PM
Free
Communications VI
UG
3:15-5 PM
5
MARC-ACSM Schedule-at-a-Glance: Friday Evening
Time
5:00 –
7:15 PM
Dinner 5:00-7:15 PM
Ballroom
7:15 PM
8:15 –
11:00 PM
Key Note:
Dr. Irene Davis, Title: Barefoot Running: Changing Paradigms Regarding Footstrikes, Footwear and Treatment of the Foot
Spaulding National Running Center, Dept of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School
7:15 to 8:15 pm
Ballroom
Pennsylvania Room
Expo, College Bowl, Fitness Challenge
Professional Social
6
MARC-ACSM Schedule-at-a-Glance: Saturday Morning (Nov 3, 2012)
Time
Ballroom A
Ballroom B
Ballroom C, D, E
Biomechanics
Chair: Douglas
Powell, PhD
Speaker
Steve Piazza, PhD
8:00-9:00 AM
8:00 AM
8:30 AM
9:00 AM
9:15 AM
9:30 AM
10:00 AM
10:30 AM
11:00 AM
11:30 AM
12:00 PM
12:30 PM
Pennsylvania
Childhood Obesity:
Moving toward a
Solution (student
workshop) Chair: Maria
Elena Hallion, PhD
9-9:50 AM Partnering to
Combat Childhood
Obesity (workshop)
10 – 11 am Creating a
Healthy Home
Lauren Falini, BS and
Emily Hartline RD, LDN
9:00-11:00 AM
Exercise and
Diabetes
Chair: Craig
Stevens, PhD
The
Pathophysiology
of Diabetes
Melissa Reed,
PhD
Management of
the Athlete with
Diabetes
Carolyn Jimenez,
PhD, ATC,
9:00-11:00 AM
Poster Session II
8:00-11:00 AM
Ash/Birch
Free
Communications VII
UG Award
Nominees
8:00-9:30 AM
Chestnut/
Dogwood
Considerations
for Exercise
Science
Research with
Human Subjects
Paul Smith,
PhD and Shala
Davis, PhD
8:00-9:15 AM
Biomechanics Free
Communications,
Douglas Powell,
PhD
9:00-10:30 AM
Biomechanics
Interest Group
Meeting – All are
Welcome to Attend
Jean McCrory,
PhD
11 AM-12:30 PM
Elm/Fir
Free
Communications
VIII
MS/PhD
8:00-9:15 AM
Break 9:15-9:30 AM
Exercise is Medicine:
Updates and the EIM
Credential
Carena Winters, PhD
Madeline Bayles,
PhD
10:30-11:30 AM
Free
Communications
VIII
MS/PhD
9:30-11:00 AM
Free
Communications
VIII
MS/PhD
11:00 AM-12:30
PM
MARC Business Meeting, Luncheon, Award Ceremony 12:30 PM
7
President’s Welcome
Welcome! The American College of Sports Medicine represents a wide
range of fields of expertise in the areas of sports medicine, exercise
physiology, biomechanics, public health, and the basic and applied sciences.
Our membership spans several states and we have a professionally diverse
group that gathers every year for our annual meeting.
The executive committee is very excited about the program that was
developed by our first-rate program committee (listed below). We are
particularly thrilled to have Dr. Irene Davis as our keynote speaker. Dr.
Davis is highly regarded within and outside of ACSM. She is the Director of
the Spaulding National Running Center within Harvard Medical School.
Please be sure to attend her keynote address entitled "Barefoot Running:
Changing Paradigms regarding Footstrikes, Footwear and Treatment of the Foot" on Friday at 7:15 PM.
We have also invited many other nationally and internationally known speakers. Please be sure to
attend their sessions, ask questions, and even introduce yourself before or after their sessions. One of
the benefits of a regional meeting is the friendly and casual atmosphere, perfect for networking and
expanding your own professional networks.
Please take several moments to work through the program. The program has greatly expanded due to
the growth of the MARC regional meeting. We are offering many professional sessions by invited
speakers, numerous free communications, and a record number of poster presentations. In all, over 80
regional professionals and students submitted abstracts for inclusion for this year’s program.
Back by popular demand is the College Bowl and a newly revised and improved (3rd Annual) Fitness
Challenge. These will take place following the Keynote Address and Expo session on Friday night. The
College Bowl will run immediately following the Keynote, and the Fitness Challenge will begin
immediately following the crowning of the 2012 College Bowl Champions. For the professional
members, a Professional Social will be held in the Pennsylvania Room beginning at 8:45 PM. This is a
time for professionals to renew acquaintances and network with new professionals in the region.
Finally, I would like to thank two groups that have worked extremely hard over the past year to plan and
orchestrate this meeting. The Executive Board is a volunteer board that works tirelessly for you during
the year. They donate a great deal of time to keep our chapter afloat. The second group that has
worked very hard to make this meeting possible is the Program Committee. A special thanks goes to
the following program committee members:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dr. Dave Edwards
Dr. Mike Falvo
Dr. Gene Hong
Dr. Kristie Abt
Dr. Craig Stevens
Dr. Michael LaFountain
Dr. Jean McCrory
Dr. Maria Elena Hallion
Dr. David Ross
Dr. Jake Veigal
I want to encourage everyone to personally thank our Executive Director Dr. Scott Kieffer. Dr. Kieffer
works incredibly hard behind the scenes to keep our chapter moving forward.
Enjoy the program!
William B. Farquhar, PhD, FACSM
8
2012 MARC-ACSM Executive Committee
President
William Farquhar, PhD, FACSM
University of Delaware
E-mail: [email protected]
Past President
H. Scott Kieffer, EdD
Messiah College
President-elect
Eric Rawson, PhD, FACSM
Bloomsburg University
Vice President
Scott Mazzetti, PhD
Salisbury University
Secretary/
Treasurer
nd
2 Year
Member-atLarge
nd
2 Year
Member-atLarge
st
1 Year
Member-atLarge
st
1 Year
Member-atLarge
Michael E. Holmstrup, PhD
Delaware State University
Amy Jo Haufler, PhD
Johns Hopkins University
E-mail : [email protected]
Joohee Sanders, PhD
Shippensburg University
Kimberly A. Smith, PhD, CSCS
Slippery Rock University
Erica Jackson, PhD, MEd
Delaware State University
Medical Field
Representative
Gene Hong, MD, CAQSM, FAAFP
Drexel University
Student
Representative
Rian Landers, MS
University of Maryland
MARC
Regional
Chapter
Representative
Executive
Director
Shala E. Davis, PhD, FACSM, CSCS
East Stroudsburg University
H. Scott Kieffer, EdD
Messiah College
9
Sheraton Harrisburg-Hershey Hotel Meeting Rooms
Note the Pennsylvania Room is opposite the registration desk on
the lobby level.
10
REGISTRATION INFORMATION
The Registration Table is located outside Ballroom Salons A, B, C and D (Lobby Level). Registration
hours are the following:
Friday
8:00am - 5:00pm
Saturday
8:00am - 10:00am
CONTINUING EDUCATION CREDITS
MARC-ACSM is an approved CEC provider for ACSM. Please be sure to pick up your CEC Certificate
at the Registration Area.
The American College of Sports Medicine’s Professional Education Committee certifies that this
Continuing Education offering meets the criteria for 14 credit hours of ACSM Continuing
Education Credit (CEC).
MARC-ACSM is approved to offer 3 CMEs. Please stop by the Registration Desk for details.
NSCA members should request a certificate of attendance from the Registration Area for submission
related to their certifications. Individuals with other certifications (NATA, AFAA, ACE, etc.) should also
consider picking up a certificate of attendance that may be used to petition CEC’s from their certification
organization. However, MARC-ACSM is not responsible for determining if such organizations will or will
not approve CEC’s from attending the MARC-ACSM meeting.
STUDENT AWARDS
MARC-ACSM is pleased to present the following four awards:
•
MARC-ACSM Student Research Grant Award
Applicants for this award must be registered as full-time undergraduate or graduate students, at
any of the colleges or universities within the MARC-ACSM geographical area. Applicants must
also be a student member in good standing of MARC-ACSM. The purpose of this award is to
recognize and support student investigative research. The winner receives $500 plus a plaque.
This award may be used to support research work for Master's Degree Theses or Doctoral
Dissertations, but cannot be used for indirect costs or travel to professional meetings. The
awardee is encouraged to present the findings from the research project at the MARC-ACSM
Annual Meeting within one year of receiving the award. The Research Committee is
responsible for reviewing applications and determining the award recipient.
•
MARC-ACSM Matthew Kerner Undergraduate Student Investigator Award
Eligible individuals are a current or recently graduated UG student who is not enrolled in a
Master’s level program. The purpose of this award is to recognize and support undergraduate
student investigative research. The winner receives a plaque and $250. All undergraduate
students who submit an abstract for a Free Communications/Slide presentation at the MARCACSM Annual Meeting will be eligible for this award. The award is based on the quality of the
submitted abstract and the presentation at the meeting. All abstracts will be evaluated, but only
the top abstracts will have their presentations evaluated.
•
MARC-ACSM Master’s Student Investigator Award
Eligible individuals are any student who is currently enrolled in a Master’s level program, even if
the work was completed as an UG student. The purpose of this award is to recognize and
support Master’s level student investigative research. The winner receives a plaque and $400.
All undergraduate students who submit an abstract for a Free Communications/Slide
presentation at the MARC-ACSM Annual Meeting will be eligible for this award. The award is
based on the quality of the submitted abstract and the presentation at the meeting. All abstracts
will be evaluated, but only the top abstracts will have their presentations evaluated.
11
•
MARC-ACSM Doctoral Student Investigator Award
Eligible individuals are any student who is currently enrolled in a doctoral or medical program,
even if the work was completed as a Master’s student. The purpose of this award is to recognize
and support graduate student investigative research. The winner receives a plaque and $500 to
be used to defray either travel costs to the National ACSM meeting or her/his research
expenses. All graduate students who submit an abstract for a Free Communications/Slide
presentation at the MARC-ACSM Annual Meeting will be eligible for this award. The award is
based on the quality of the submitted abstract and the presentation at the meeting. All abstracts
will be evaluated, but only the top abstracts will have their presentations evaluated.
Determination of Finalists and Award Recipients for the Student Investigator Awards
The MARC-ACSM Research Committee screens all student abstracts that are submitted for an oral
presentation using a rubric. The top five ranked abstracts for each academic category identified above
present their research during an oral session with the other class finalists (i.e. there is an UG Award
Nominee Session, MS Award Nominee Session, and a PhD Award Nominee Session) during the
MARC-ACSM Annual Meeting. These finalists are ranked by a sub-committee of the MARC-ACSM
Research Committee to determine the award recipients.
Announcement of Award Winners
The four 2012 award winners (and honorable mentions) will be announced at the Business Meeting and
Award Ceremony Luncheon on Saturday at 12:30 pm.
The Research Committee is chaired by:
Amy Jo Haufler, PhD - Applied Neuroscience Senior Scientist, Biological Sciences and Engineering
Group, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
MARC-ACSM would also like to extend a thank you to those who served on the 2012
Research Committee. Thank you for all of your hard work and support!
12
STUDENT FUND RAFFLE
Each year the MARC-ACSM Student Representative is responsible for the student fund raffle in which a
variety of prizes (e.g., textbooks, etc.) are raffled off throughout the meeting. Raffle tickets can be
purchased in the Registration Area. All proceeds from the student raffle are used to support the student
representative’s trip to the National Annual meeting.
EVALUATION FORMS
Evaluation forms will be provided at the registration desk throughout the conference, as well as during
the Saturday afternoon Business Meeting/Award Ceremony Luncheon. Your feedback is extremely
important, as this information will be used in the planning of future meetings and conferences. Please
be sure to complete your evaluation form and submit to us at the Registration Desk or during the
Luncheon.
SPEAKER READY ROOM
The Speaker Ready Room will be in the Day Room (Lobby Level).
• Friday Presentations:
Please bring your disk or jump drive to the speaker ready room (next to the on-site registration
table) before 10 AM on Friday Nov 2, 2012 to have it loaded on the proper computer for your
afternoon presentation.
•
Saturday Presentations:
Please bring your disk or jump drive to the speaker ready room (next to the on-site registration
table) before 3 PM on Friday Nov 2, 2012 to have it loaded on the proper computer for your
presentation.
13
2012 MARC-ACSM Keynote Speaker
MARC-ACSM is pleased to announce Dr. Irene Davis, Ph.D., PT, FAPTA,
FACSM, FASB as the 2012 Keynote Speaker
Dr. Davis received her Bachelor’s degree in Exercise
Science from the University of Massachusetts, and in
Physical Therapy from the University of Florida. She
earned her Master’s degree in Biomechanics from the
University of Virginia, and her PhD in Biomechanics from
Pennsylvania State University. She is a Professor Emeritus
in Physical Therapy at the University of Delaware where
she studied the relationship between lower extremity
structure, mechanics and injury in runners for the past 20
yrs. Dr. Davis is the Director of the Spaulding National
Running Center, Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School. Her current areas
of study include mechanical factors in tibial stress fractures
and patellofemoral disorders along with the effect of
physical therapy interventions such as gait retraining. She is interested in the mechanics of
barefoot running and its effect on injury rates, and is a barefoot runner herself. She has
received funding from the Department of Defense, Army Research Office and National
Institutes of Health to support her research related to stress fractures. She serves as a consultant
for patients with lower extremity problems related to overuse. Dr. Davis has given nearly 300
lectures both nationally and internationally and authored over 100 publications on the topic of
lower extremity mechanics during running. She has been active professionally in the American
Physical Therapy Association, the American Society of Biomechanics, and International
Society of Biomechanics. She is a Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine, the
American Society of Biomechanics, and a Catherine Worthingham Fellow of the American
Physical Therapy Association. She is a past President of the American Society of
Biomechanics. She has organized and coordinated national research retreats on topics of the
foot and ankle, anterior cruciate ligament injuries and patellofemoral pain syndrome. She has
been featured on ABC World News Tonight, Good Morning America, Discovery, the New
York Times, the Wall Street Journal, Parade and Time Magazine.
Dr. Davis will present her Keynote Lecture, “Barefoot Running:
Changing Paradigms regarding Footstrikes, Footwear and Treatment of the Foot”
Friday evening from 7:15 to 8:15.
14
MARC-ACSM 2012 Annual Meeting Speakers
(Speakers are listed in alphabetical order)
Kristie Abt, PhD, HFS
Kristie Abt is an Adjunct Faculty member in the School of Health and Rehabilitation
Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Abt completed her PhD and MS in
Exercise Physiology in the Department of Health and Physical Activity at the University
of Pittsburgh and her BS in Kinesiology at Bowling Green State University. Prior to
joining the School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences in 2010, she was an Assistant
Clinical Professor in the Department of Health and Physical Activity at the University of
Pittsburgh where her main role was teaching, coordinating the graduate and undergraduate internship
program, and academic advising. Dr. Abt is also the former Aerobic Coordinator at the University of
Pittsburgh. In this role she was responsible for hiring, training, and scheduling group exercise
instructors, as well as creating new group exercise classes. Dr. Abt has served on the Mid-Atlantic
Regional Chapter of the American College of Sports Medicine Executive Board since 1999 in various
elected positions, such as Student Representative, Member-at-Large, Secretary-Treasurer, and more
recently President. Dr. Abt also holds several certifications, such as the American College of Sports
Medicine Health Fitness Specialist Certification and the Aerobics and Fitness Association of America
Primary Group Exercise Instructor Certification. Additionally, Dr. Abt has been teaching group fitness
classes in the Pittsburgh area for more than 20 years.
Pierre Asselin, MS
My combination of education and training have played a formative role in various
projects within the Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord
Injury (CoEMCSCI), located at the James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY. I
received a Masters degree from New Jersey Institute of Technology in Biomedical
Engineering with a concentration in instrumentation and signal processing where I
designed biomedical equipment for activities of daily living (ADL) assistance and
software development of biomedical signals. I then began working in SCI research at
Kessler Medical Research, Rehabilitation and Education Corporation (KMRREC) now
known as the Kessler Foundation Research Center, where I gained experience training persons with
SCI using manual assisted body weight supported treadmill training. I moved to the CoEMCSCI in 2006.
At the CoEMCSCI, I have been integral in developing a clinical rehabilitation program using the Lokomat
treadmill device as well as the ReWalk exoskeletal-assisted overground gait training device. I help with
the training and with evaluation of multiple secondary medical outcomes of SCI and therapy. In addition,
I also co-developed novel instrumentation for measurement of skeletal muscle and systems for delivery
of vibration therapy. I have published 7 peer-reviewed manuscripts covering areas of locomotor training,
body composition, biomedical instrumentation and signal processing.
Madeline Bayles, PhD
Dr. Madeline Paternostro-Bayles, obtained her undergraduate degree in
CardioRespiratory Sciences from SUNY at Stony Brook, MS degree in Exercise
Physiology from Adelphi University, and PhD, in Exercise Physiology, in 1984 from the
University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Bayles is a fellow in the American College of Sports Medicine
and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation.
Dr.Bayles's scholarship has been primarily in the area of chronic diseases and exercise.
She is the past chair (2008-2011), of the American College of Sports Medicine's (ACSM)
largest standing committee, the Committee on Certification and Registry Board. Dr. Bayles is also an
Associate Editor for ACSM's Health Fitness Journal and a frequent reviewer for a variety of professional
journals and publications including Medicine Science in Sport and Exercise, ACSM's Resource Manual
for Exercise Testing and Prescription and ACSM's Fitness Assessment Manual.
15
Leslie Bonci, MPH, RD, CSSD, LDN
An expert on sports nutrition, weight management and digestive health, Ms. Bonci is
frequently interviewed by local and national print and TV media and tapes a weekly
segment called “The Winning Plate” on KDKA-TV’s Pittsburgh Today Live. A former
spokesperson for the American Dietetic Association, she writes a weekly blog for Runners
World Magazine and serves on the editorial advisory board of Fitness Magazine. Ms.
Bonci is a nutrition consultant to the Pittsburgh Steelers, Pittsburgh Penguins, Pittsburgh
Pirates, Milwaukee Brewers, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and numerous high
schools and universities. She is the sports dietitian for the University of Pittsburgh Athletics Department
and Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre. She also is a member of the U.S. Olympic Committee’s sports nutrition
network and has worked with Bryan Clay, Garrett Weber-Gale and Tara Lipinksi. A frequent lecturer at
universities nationwide, Ms. Bonci is the author or co-author of three popular books and several sports
medicine textbook chapters and is on the advisory board of the Journal of Athletic Training. She is an
adjunct assistant instructor in pediatric dentistry at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental
Medicine and also serves on the faculty of Pitt’s sports medicine fellowship training program. Ms. Bonci
is a registered dietitian, a board-certified sports dietetics specialist and a Pennsylvania-licensed dietitian
and nutritionist. She has a bachelor’s degree in biopsychology from Vassar College and a master’s
degree in public health from the University of Pittsburgh.
Nisha Charkoudian, PhD
Dr. Charkoudian received her PhD in Physiology from the University of Texas Health
Science Center at San Antonio. She completed postdoctoral fellowships at the
University of Angers (France) and the Mayo Clinic. Her research interests include
Human cardiovascular physiology, specifically as related to the control of blood flow,
blood pressure and body temperature. Her research has focused on sympathetic neural
mechanisms in control of the circulation in humans, with a focus on the importance of
inter-individual variability human sympathetic neural mechanisms, as well as on the
influences of sex, aging and type 2 diabetes on control mechanisms in the circulation. Dr. Charkoudian
is currently a physiologist at the Thermal & Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of
Environmental Medicine in Natick, MA.
Richard Cotton, MA
Richard Cotton has worked in the health and fitness industry for nearly 30 years.
Throughout his career he has been a service provider and promoter of the exercise
movement. The majority of Cotton’s career has been in the development and
management of fitness professional certification programs. In his current position as
National Director of Certification Programs with the American College of Sports
Medicine® (ACSM), Cotton utilizes the vast expertise of the ACSM membership to
provide a state-of-the-art certification program that is in direct support of the mission of
the College. In mid-career Cotton served as the Chief Exercise Physiologist with the
American Council on Exercise (ACE). Over the course of eight years, he was the organization's
spokesperson, appearing on "Good Morning America,” “Dateline NBC,” and CNN. He was also the
editor of five highly regarded health and fitness professional training manuals. Cotton has been an
expert source for a variety of print publications, including The NewYork Times, The Los Angeles Times,
and The Washington Post on topics such as how to begin and maintain a safe and effective exercise
program; what to look for in a personal trainer; and how to choose exercise equipment. He also led the
research on the effectiveness of fitness products and trends that resulted in ACE being dubbed "The
Workout Watchdog" in 1997 by The Wall Street Journal. As Chief Exercise Physiologist at both the
Sharp Healthcare System and the world-renowned Scripps Clinic & Research Foundation from 1980 to
1991, Cotton worked with both obese and underweight patients, and people with heart disease,
diabetes, cancer and hypertension. Cotton has a B.A. in Education from Wayne State University, Detroit,
and an M.A. in Exercise Science from San Diego State University.
Shala Davis, PhD, FACSM, CSCS
Dr. Shala E. Davis, FACSM is a Professor and Department Chairperson of Exercise Science for East
Stroudsburg University (ESU). Dr. Davis was a past president of MARC and the National Chair for the
Committee on Accreditation for the Exercise Sciences with CAAHEP. Dr. Davis has served as the Chair
of the Institutional Review Board at ESU for ten years.
16
Lauren Falini, BS
Lauren Falini is a Bariatric Exercise Physiologist at AI DuPont Hospital for Children in the weight
management program. She specializes in fitness testing and exercise prescription for adolescents
receiving weight loss surgery. Lauren focuses on exercise counseling for obese children and their
families. Lauren is also the program director of Camp Xperience a sleepover summer camp for
overweight children. She developed the camp program and successfully directed it for the past 5 years.
Lauren received her Bachelor’s Degree in Exercise Science at West Chester University and is currently
completing her Thesis for her Master Degree in Exercise Science also at West Chester University. Her
passion is in helping children and families become more physically active doing activities that are fun for
them and fit their lifestyle.
Michael Falvo, PhD
Michael Falvo, PhD, is a Research Physiologist at the Department of Veterans
Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System and Assistant Professor of Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation at the New Jersey Medical School. Dr. Falvo studies
the effects of military-related exposures on physiological function, with specific
focus in cardiorespiratory and autonomic systems. As an Exercise Physiologist, he
is also involved in clinical and research efforts to better understand exercise intolerance in a variety of
populations.
Drew Fineberg, BS
Mr. Drew Fineberg holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Biomedical Engineering with a
concentration in biomechanics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He has been
employed in the VA RR&D National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences
of Spinal Cord Injury since September 2011.
Reginald Ho, MD
Dr. Ho graduated from the University of Pennsylvania medical school in 1993. He
subsequently did his residency in Internal Medicine at the Hospital of the University of
Pennsylvania and cardiology fellowship at the University of California at San Francisco.
He returned to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania to complete his cardiac
electrophysiology training. He joined the cardiology faculty at Thomas Jefferson
University Hospital in 2000 where he is currently an Associate Professor of Medicine.
Lacy Alexander-Holowatz, Ph.D
Dr. Alexander is an assistant professor of kinesiology at Penn State University. Her
research is in the area of human thermoregulation and the neurovascular control
mechanisms regulating skin blood flow with primary human aging, essential
hypertension, and atherosclerotic vascular disease. In her current studies Dr.
Alexander uses in vivo and in vitro approaches to study the effects of vascular pathology
on microvascular function in humans. She has contributed to the literature in this area
with recent publications in The Journal of Physiology, The American Journal of
Physiology, The Journal of Applied Physiology, and Hypertension.
Carolyn Jimenez, PhD, ATC
Dr. Jimenez is professor and chair of the Department of Sports Medicine at West Chester
University. Dr. Jimenez is a certified athletic trainer. Her research interests include Type 1
Diabetes Mellitus in the Athlete. Dr. Jimenez earned her Ph.D. from Temple University
and her MS from the University of Arizona, both in athletic training. Her undergraduate
degree is from The Colorado College.
17
Mike LaFountaine, EdD, ATC
Michael F. La Fountaine, EdD, ATC is an Assistant Professor at Seton Hall University in
the School of Health and Medical Sciences. He received his doctoral degree in applied
physiology from Teachers College, Columbia University in 2008. Dr. La Fountaine has
been engaged in clinical research investigations on the medical consequences of spinal
cord injury for over 9 years. He is the Principal or Co-investigator on several research
investigations at VA RR&D National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences
of Spinal Cord Injury at the James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, where he also serves as the
interim Director of Operations. In addition to his VA research endeavors, Dr. La Fountaine pursues
research interests at Seton Hall that involves students and exposes them to innovative methodology and
investigative processes focused on enhancing critical thinking skills, objectivity and dissemination. He is
active in scientific writing and dissemination of research results and has served as a peer reviewer for
several leading journals including Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Journal of Applied
Physiology, and the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology.
John Leddy, MD, FACSM, FACP
Dr. John J. Leddy is a board certified Internal Medicine and Sports Medicine physician. He
is an Associate Professor of Clinical Orthopedics, Internal Medicine, and Rehabilitation
Sciences at the University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and a
Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine and of the American College of
Physicians. He is a practicing clinician, active researcher and instructor at the University at
Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. He is the Medical Director of the
University at Buffalo Concussion Clinic, which is the first center in the United States to use a
standardized exercise treadmill test to establish recovery from concussion and to use controlled
exercise in the rehabilitation of patients with prolonged concussion symptoms. He is published in the
fields of orthopedics, physiology, nutrition, concussion and post-concussion syndrome. His primary
research interest is the investigation of the basic mechanisms of the disturbance of whole body
physiology seen in concussion and how to help to restore the physiology to normal and so help patients
to recover and safely return to activity and sport.
Shannon Lennon-Edwards, PhD, RD, LDN
Dr. Shannon Lennon-Edwards is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Behavioral
Health and Nutrition at the University of Delaware. Dr. Lennon-Edwards earned her PhD
in exercise physiology from the University of Florida (Gainesville, FL) and completed her
postdoctoral training at the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute at Boston Medical Center
(Boston, MA). Her research focus is the role of dietary nutrients on cardiovascular
diseases with current emphasis on the role of sodium and potassium on vascular health.
She is currently serving on a workgroup to create new nutrition practice guidelines on
Hypertension for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
Doug Lentz, MA, CSCS*D
Douglas Lentz, MS, CSCS*D is the Director of Fitness and Wellness for Summithealth in
Chambersburg, Pa. Since his graduation from Penn State University in 1981, Doug has
trained professional, Olympic, collegiate, high school and adolescent athletes. Doug is
also the NSCA Conferences and Special Programs Coordinator, a role that he has had
since 2001. In this role, Mr. Lentz has had the fortune of working with many of the top
speed and movement experts from all over the world. In 2008 and 2009, Doug traveled to
China to lecture and instruct athletes, coaches, and coaching directors at the Shanghai Technical Sports
Institute. Also in 2009, Doug was chosen to present at the NSCA European Conference which was held
at the Netherlands Olympic Training Center in Arnham.
18
Kevin Mohahan, PhD
Kevin Monahan, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Medicine at the Penn State Heart and
Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey,
Pennsylvania. He received his PhD in Kinesiology and Applied Physiology from the
University of Colorado-Boulder, and received post-doctoral research training at both the
University of Colorado-Boulder and the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine.
Dr. Monahan’s research interests include examining adverse changes in cardiovascular
system function that occur in both health (e.g., aging) and disease (e.g., heart failure) in
humans. He is interested in the identification of interventions that positively affect measures of
endothelial health and modulate cardiovascular risk, such as consumption of a flavanol rich diet. He has
published more than 45 peer-reviewed manuscripts.
Swapan Mookerjee, PhD
Dr. Mookerjee is a Professor at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, where he has
been a faculty member in the Department of Exercise Science for 18 years. He has a
master’s degree from the Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education in
Gwalior, India. After completing his PhD from the University of Wisconsin (Madison), Dr.
Mookerjee pursued postdoctoral training in the Department of Physiology, State
University of New York at Buffalo, in environmental and immersion physiology. Currently,
research in his laboratory is focused on EMG and MMG responses during resistance
exercise. Additionally, he has research collaborations with colleagues at the German
Sport University, Cologne, as well as the University of Alberta, Canada. A past Vice President and long
term member of MARC-ACSM, Dr. Mookerjee is also a second generation member of National ACSM.
Geoff Moore, MD, FACSM
Dr. Moore is the Director of Clinical Services at the Cayuga Center for Healthy Living, in
Ithaca, NY. He has published over forty peer-reviewed research articles and has served as
editor through 4 editions of the American College of Sports Medicine’s Guidelines for
Exercise Management for Persons with Chronic Disease. Dr. Moore has served for 7 years
on ACSM’s Health and Science Policy committee, and chairs the Preventive Medicine and
Family Health committee of the Medical Society of the State of New York. He ran track and
cross country for Brown University and was an assistant coach of Women’s Track and
Cross-Country at Brown before going to medical school. He competed in the 1984 and 1992 US
Olympic Trials, and ran three sub-2:20 marathons with a lifetime best of 2:17:41.
Matthew Muller, PhD
Dr. Muller is a 3rd year postdoc at Penn State Hershey Heart & Vascular Institute
under the supervision of Dr. Larry Sinoway. Using the techniques of microneurography
and transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, our laboratory studies how the sympathetic
nervous system controls blood pressure and blood flow in both healthy and diseased
humans. Our physiological experiments allow us to study the cardiovascular system on a
beat-by-beat basis and understand how the human body works under stress (e.g. exercise,
thermal, gravitational). I finished my Ph.D. in 2009 (Kent State) and spent one year as a
high school science teacher. As a postdoc at Penn State Hershey, I recently completed a one-year
grant from the Wilderness Medical Society focused on how cold air inhalation and exercise impact
coronary blood flow regulation in young and older people. Currently, I have 23 published articles (12 as
first author) and am actively involved in ACSM, APS, and AHA.
Kathleen O’Brien, MD
Kathleen B. O'Brien, MD, Medical Director of the Sports Medicine Program is a pediatric
sports medicine physician at the Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children and the
Nemours Children's Clinic Newtown Square. Dr. O'Brien is a graduate of the Pennsylvania
State University College of Medicine. She completed her internship and residency in
pediatrics at St. Christopher's Hospital for Children in Philadelphia, where she also served
as a Chief Resident. She received advanced training in sports medicine, completing a
fellowship in sports medicine at the Drexel University College of Medicine. She is certified
by the American Board of Pediatrics and holds subspecialty certification in sports medicine. Dr.
O'Brien's clinical interests include sports-related hip pain, overuse injuries of the shoulder, acute injuries,
sprains and strains, chronic overuse injuries, stress fractures, sports-related concussion and injury
prevention. Dr. O’Brien provides care in Wilmington, DE, and Newtown Square, PA.
19
Martin O’Riordan, MD
Martin J. O’Riordan, MD serves as chairman of the the Mercy Fitzgerald Hospital Division
of Cardiology and is board-certified in cardiology, echocardiography and nuclear
cardiology. His areas of interest are sports cardiology and congenital heart disease in
adults.
Steve Piazza, PhD
Dr. Stephen Piazza is an Associate Professor in the Department of Kinesiology at Penn
State University, where he also holds appointments in Mechanical Engineering and
Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation. Dr. Piazza is an expert in the areas of musculoskeletal
modeling and joint biomechanics, and his primary research focus is on the link between
joint structure and muscle function. He has published in journals such as the Journal of
Biomechanics, the Journal of Experimental Biology, and the Proceedings of the Royal
Society. He has served as Associate Editor at the Journal of Biomechanics and the
Journal of Applied Biomechanics and is a past president of the Gait & Clinical Movement Analysis
Society. His work has been featured in The New York Times, The Economist, and on the BBC World
Service.
Melissa Reed, PhD
Dr. Melissa Reed is an assistant professor in the Department of Kinesiology at West
Chester University, West Chester, PA. She is an ACSM Certified Clinical Exercise
Specialist and teaches both undergraduate and graduate level exercise science courses.
Dr. Reed’s research interests include exercise and type 2 diabetes, obesity and metabolic
syndrome as well as metabolic surgeries such as gastric bypass. She earned her Ph.D.
and MA from East Carolina University and her BS from East Stroudsburg University.
Matt Silvis, MD
Matthew Silvis, MD graduated from Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine in
2002. He then completed a Family Medicine Residency at Wake Forest University in
Winston-Salem, NC. After residency, Dr. Silvis practiced wilderness medicine in rural
Wyoming before returning to Wake Forest where he completed a fellowship in primary
care sports medicine. Dr. Silvis is currently an Associate Professor in the Departments of
Family and Community Medicine & Orthopedics and Rehabilitation and medical director
of primary care sports medicine. He serves as team physician for the Hershey Bears
Hockey Club and Hershey High School. He has special interests in the care of
endurance athletes and concussion. An avid outdoorsman, Dr. Silvis enjoys hiking, mountain biking,
running, and photography. He lives in Hershey with his wife, Christine, and their two sons, Nicholas and
Benjamin.
J. Carson Smith, PhD, FACSM
Dr. J. Carson Smith is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Kinesiology at the
University of Maryland and Director of the Exercise and Brain Health Laboratory. His
research is focused on understanding how acute and chronic exercise and physical activity
affect human brain function and mental health related to cognition, memory, and emotion.
Dr. Smith uses multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and
electroencephalography (EEG) to examine brain function in healthy younger adults,
healthy older adults, and in people at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. In addition,
Dr. Smith examines how acute and chronic exercise or physical activity may alter emotional reactivity,
attention allocation, and cognitive function among people with symptoms of anxiety and/or depressive
mood disorders.
20
Kimberly Smith, PhD
Dr. Kimberly Smith earned a B.S. in Exercise Science from Slippery Rock University and
M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Exercise Physiology from the University of Pittsburgh. She
joined the Slippery Rock University faculty in 2006 and is currently an Associate Professor
in the Department of Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences. Dr. Smith is a former student
representative for both the Mid-Atlantic Regional Chapter of ACSM and the national ACSM
Board of Trustees. She currently serves on the MARC board as a Member-At-Large. Dr. Smith is an
ACSM certified health/fitness specialist, NSCA certified strength and conditioning specialist, and an
AFAA certified primary group exercise instructor. She has been actively teaching group exercise for 11
years and has a passion for preparing students to become professionals in the field of group exercise.
Paul Smith, PhD
Paul K. Smith, Ph.D. (Southern Illinois University, 1984). He has been active with
Human Subjects Protections since 1985 at University and PASSHE levels. Paul has
chaired the HSC/IRB since 1987 and has taken the HSC process through several
revisions over the last 25 years. He has taught classes in Kinesiology, Body Systems,
Biomechanics, Statistics, and Measurement and Evaluation since 1985 and has served
on the HSC/IRB since 1985. Dr. Smith's research is oriented toward the estimation of
forces produced by the human system, nature of the impact event, and probable injury occurrence from
human impact. His work has been primarily with karate punching.
Suzanne Stevens, MS
Suzanne Stevens is the Wellness Director of Kendal at Longwood Retirement Community in Kennett
Square, PA. She supervises Kendal’s Wellness Center which includes both a Fitness Center and
Aquatics Center. She is responsible for all fitness programming as well as coordinating the Center’s
educational lectures. She works with residents and staff; guiding them to enjoy healthy lifestyles and
fitness programs. Mrs. Stevens is an adjunct instructor at West Chester University and has also taught
at Eastern University. Previously she was employed at several YMCA’s while working with all age
groups. Mrs. Stevens has her BS from Temple University in Health and Physical Education and a MS
from the University of Oklahoma concentrating in Sport Psychology.
Craig Stevens, PhD, FACSM
Craig Stevens is an associate professor in the Department of Kinesiology at West Chester
University, West Chester, PA. He teaches a variety of exercise science courses both at the
graduate and undergraduate level. Dr. Stevens had a four year postdoctoral experience in
environmental physiology at the Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of
Pennsylvania under Dr. Christian Lambertsen. He earned his Ph.D. from Temple
University, MS from Springfield College and BA from Johns Hopkins University. Dr.
Stevens is the former executive director for MARC-ACSM.
Carena Winters, PhD, MPH, CES
Dr. Carena Winters is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Exercise and
Rehabilitative Sciences at Slippery Rock University. Dr. Winters hosted the launch of
Exercise is Medicine™On Campus at Chatham with the support of ACSM in May 2009,
and is currently promoting and expanding the Exercise is Medicine campus initiative with
colleagues at Slippery Rock University. Dr. Winters earned a Ph.D. in Exercise Physiology
and an MPH in Epidemiology. She received the 2009 Early Career Award from the
University of Pittsburgh, School of Education, and is an ACSM Certified Clinical Exercise
®
Specialist (CES) with Exercise is Medicine Credential Level III. Dr. Winters is a member of the global
TM
TM
Exercise is Medicine advisory board and serves on the Exercise is Medicine on Campus committee.
Dr. Winters’ passion is sharing her knowledge and enthusiasm in the field of exercise physiology in the
classroom and in the community. Her research interests include obesity and the use of exercise as
medicine in the prevention and management of chronic disease.
21
Chad Witmer, PhD, CSCS
Dr. Chad Witmer is an Associate Professor, Graduate Coordinator, and Director of the
Human Performance Laboratory for the Department of Exercise Science at East
Stroudsburg University. Dr. Witmer has served as a strength and conditioning consultant
to a variety of teams at both the high school and collegiate levels. Dr. Witmer has
published numerous research articles and presented regionally, nationally and
internationally on a variety of topics related to sport performance, including invited
presentations at Chengdu Sport University in China and Chinese Culture University in
Taiwan. Dr. Witmer’s current research interest involves investigation of the mechanisms of fatigue in
repeated-sprint exercise with an emphasis on the influence of oxygen availability.
22
Program
Schedule
Program schedule is presented by
room and day (Friday/Saturday).
23
Friday
Ballroom A
Chair/Moderator
9:00-10:30 AM
10:30-12 PM
Functional Fitness for the Senior Population
Speaker: Suzanne Stevens
ACSM Certification Update
Speaker: Richard Cotton
Lunch Break 12:00 to 1:00 PM
1:00-2:00 PM
2:00-3:00 PM
Sports Nutrition
Speaker: Leslie Bonci
(sponsored by the Gatorade Sports Science Institute)
Nutritional Considerations for Hypertension
Speaker: Shannon Lennon-Edwards
Dr. Eric Rawson
Break 3:00 to 3:15 PM
3:15-5:00 PM
Group Exercise Considerations and Modifications for
Special Populations: Creating an Inclusive Environment
Speakers: Kim Smith and Kristie Abt
Dinner 5:00 to 7:15 PM
Key Note – Dr. Irene Davis, PhD, PT, FAPTA
7:15-8:15 PM
8:15-11:00 PM
Barefoot Running: Changing Paradigms Regarding
Footstrikes, Footwear and the Treatment of the Foot
EXPO, College Bowl Finals, and the Fitness Challenge
will begin immediately following the Keynote Address
with the College Bowl starting around 8:30 PM and the
Fitness Challenge at approximately 9:15. A Professional
Social will be held in the Pennsylvania room starting at
9:00 PM.
24
Friday
Ballroom B
Chair/Moderator
9:00-10:00 AM
10:00-12:00 PM
Cold Air Inhalation as a Trigger for Coronary Events: A
Basic Science Approach
Speaker: Matthew Muller
Ms. Jody Greaney
Open
Cerebral Blood Flow Response During Exercise
1:00-1:40 PM
1:40-2:20 PM
2:20-3:00 PM
Investigating Muscle Brain Hemodynamics and
Oxygenation Trends during Exercise with Near-Infrared
Spectroscopy
Speaker: Swapan Mookerjee
Transcranial Doppler Sonography to Evaluate Cerebral
Autoregulation During Exercise
Speaker: Michael Falvo
Dr. Michael Falvo
Arterial Spin Labeling MRI to Measure Brain
Parenchymal Blood Flow During Exercise
Speaker: J. Carson Smith
Vascular Function in Health and Disease
3:15-3:50 PM
Skin Blood Flow in Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for
Thermoregulation
Speakers: Nisha Charkoudian
3:50-4:25 PM
Mechanisms of Cutaneous Microvascular Dysfunction
with Hypercholesterolemia
Speaker: Lacy Holowatz
4:25-5:00 PM
Modulations of Vascular Function by Dietary Flavanols
in Health and Disease: Is Chocolate/Cocoa a Food or a
Medicine?
Speaker: Kevin Monahan
Dr. Dave Edwards
7:15-8:15 PM
8:15-11:00 PM
9:00 PM.
25
Friday
Ballroom C,D,E
9:00-9:40 AM
Exoskeletal Walking in Persons with
Spinal Cord Injury: The ReWalk Experience
Overview of the System: How it Works, Adaptations to
Temporal Gait Parameters with Training
Speaker: Drew Fineberg
9:40-10:20 AM
Metabolic and Clinical Responses to the Intervention;
Impact on Medical Disability
Speaker: Pierre Asselin
10:20-11:00 AM
Intra- and Intersession Responses of Cardiac Autonomic
Modulation; Implications for a Training Effect in the SCI
Cohort
Speaker: Mike LaFountaine
11:00-12:00 PM
Open
Chair/Moderator
Dr. Mike
LaFountaine
Poster Session IA
(sponsored by New York Chiropractic College)
1:00 to 3:00 PM
Dr. Jim Roberts
Fitness Assessment and Training
P-1
1:00-1:10
P-2
1:10-1:20
P-3
1:20-1:30
P-4
1:30-1:40
P-5
1:40-1:50
P-6
1:50-2:00
Can Standing Long Jump Distance be Predicted from
Between-the-Legs Front Throw Distance?
1
Flott, A., 1Slonaker, K., 1Spratford, K., 1Meyer, B.
1
Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA
Implementation of the Exercise is Medicine (EIM)™
Referral System at Slippery Rock University
Carothers, A., Veltre, S., Winters, C., Urda, J., Smith,
K., and Lynn, J. Slippery Rock University, Slippery
Rock, PA.
Differential response to Tabata interval versus
traditional kettlebell training protocol
1
Fortner, H.A., 1Salgado, J. 2Holmstrup, M.E.;
1
Delaware State University, Dover, DE, 2Slippery Rock
University, Slippery Rock, PA
The Relationship Between Body Composition and
Baseball Performance in Division II Baseball Players
1
Muth, B., 1Witmer, CA., 1Davis, SE., 1Guers, J. 1East
Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA
Estimating Optimal Stride Frequency During
Constant Speed Treadmill Running.
Rodolico, C., Oberholzer, R., and Smith, S. Drexel
University, College of Nursing and Health Professions,
Health Sciences Department, Philadelphia, PA 19102
A comparison of self-administered proprioceptive
neuromuscular facilitation to static stretching on
range of motion and flexibility.
1
Gainey, K., 1Wicke, J., 1Figueroa, M., 1William
Paterson University, Wayne, NJ
26
P-7
2:00-2:10
P-8
2:10–2:20
P-9
2:20–2:30
P-10
2:30–2:430
P-11
2:40–2:50
P-12
2:50–3:00
Can Between-the-Legs Front Throw Distance be
Predicted from Overhead Back Throw Distance?
1
Weiss, H., 1Taylor, L., 1Meyer, B. 1Shippensburg
University, Shippensburg, PA
The Effect of 28 Days of Beta-Alanine
Supplementation on Repeated-Sprint Ability
Grazer, J., Azarelo, F., Moir, G., Sauers, E., Witmer, C.
East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA
Comparing Physiological Responses While Walking
on a Standard Motorized Treadmill and Curve
Treadmill
Phipps, J., Miller, S., Voran S., Lister, M., Kieffer, H.S.
Messiah College, Grantham, PA
Are TNT Marathon Runners Slower Than the Rest of
the Field?
Roberts Jr., Jim W. Edinboro University of PA,
Edinboro, PA
Dynamic Balance In Children: Performance
Comparision Between Two Testing Devices
1
Bagley, J., 1Boise, S., 1Ratamess, N., 1Kang, J.,
Farrell, A., 2Myer, G., 1Faigenbaum, A. 1The
College of New Jersey, Ewing NJ. 2Cincinnati
Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
1
The effect of functional movement screen-based
circuit training on balance and postural stability
Fischer, K., Stearne, D., Paul, K., & Leonard, R.
West Chester University, West Chester, PA
3:15 to 5:00 PM
Poster Session IB
P-13
3:15-3:30
Bilateral Isokinetic Torque Differences in Trained
Swimmers.
Bennett, K.C., McMahon, M.J., Mookerjee, S.
Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA.
P-14
3:30-3:45
A Descriptive Assessment of Fitness, Weight Status &
Health of Delaware State University Students
Grimes,K., Jackson,E.M, FACSM, Shorter, A.
Delaware State University, Dover, DE
P-15
3:45-4:00
Older Adults and Exergames
Yurkanin, K., O’Hanlon, C., Orsega-Smith E.
University of Delaware, Newark, DE
P-16
4:00-4:10
P-17
4:10-4:20
Dr. Kory Stauffer
Comparison of Maximal and Supramaximal
Verification Tests
Bly, K., Dolan, K., Simonovich, S., Corrigan, K., and
Swensen, T. Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY.
Can Standing Long Jump Distance be Predicted from
Standing Vertical Jump Distance?
1
Merk, L., 1Michael, C., 1Meyer, B. 1Shippensburg
University, Shippensburg, PA.
27
P-18
4:20-4:30
P-19
4:30-4:40
P-20
4:40-4:50
P-21
4:50-5:00
Validation of ACSM Metabolic Equations in an AntiGravity Environment: A Pilot Study
1
Santillo, N., 1Escamilla, P., 1Figueroa, M., 1Wicke, J.,
1
Manning, J., 2Wolkstein, J. 2Weis, M.
1
William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ. 2MCRC
Physical Therapy, West Orange, NJ.
Wii Kinect with Seniors. Summer Olympics 2012
Kalksma P., Drazich, B. Harris, W., Orsega-Smith, E.
Cardiovascular and Physiological Responses to
Equitation among Collegiately Competitive Female
Equestrian Athletes.
Wirth, V.A., Davis, S.E., Sauers, E.J., Witmer, C.A.
East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, Pa.
Impact of PE Physical Activity Levels on Percent
Body Fat: Examined against Healthy Fitness Zone
Liu, W., Nichols, R., Zillifro, T. Slippery Rock
7:15 to 8:15 PM
8:15-11:00 PM
9:00 PM.
28
Friday
Pennsylvania
9:00-12:00 PM
Clinical/Medical Track
9:00-9:25 AM
9:25-9:50 AM
10:00-10:25 AM
10:30-10:50 AM
11:00-11:25 PM
11:30-11:50 AM
Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Sports: Current Issues in
Screening
Speaker: Marty O’Riordan
Channelopathies and Potentially Arrythmogenic
Conditions
Speaker: Reginald Ho
Running: What shoe is best for me or no shoe at all?
How to Pick a Running Shoe
Speaker: Geoffrey Moore
The Barefoot Debate: Can Minimalist Shoes Reduce
Running Related Injuries
Speaker: Matthew Silvis
Concussions in Adolescents
Speaker: Kathleen O’Brien
Chair/Moderator
Dr. Jack Veigal
Physiological Assessment and Treatment of Concussion
and Post-Concussion Syndrome
Speaker: John Leddy
1:00 to 3:00 PM
1:20 – 1:30 PM
1:30 – 1:40 PM
1:40 – 1:50 PM
1:50 – 2:00 PM
2:00 – 2:10 PM
2:10 – 2:20 PM
Clinical Case Studies:
Dr. Brad Sandella
Traumatic Hand Injury – Mixed Martial Arts
Scotti, J, Geisinger Sports Medicine Fellow, WilkesBarre, PA Sponsor- David S. Ross, MD, FACP
Presenter: Jason Scotti, MD
Knee Pain in Middle Age Endruance Runner
Daniel Curtin, MD. Alfred University Athletic
Training Education Program
Presenter: Daniel Curtin, MD
PRP/PNT for Rotator Cuff Tendonopathy in an
Active Elderly Patient
Presenter: Smitha Ballyamanda, MD
Lower Leg Pain in a Marathon Runner (The Dreaded
Black Line)
Adrian Western ATC, Cayuga Medical Center; Jake
Veigel, MD, Cayuga Medical Center
Presenter: Adrian Western, ATC
Groin Pain – Rock Climbing
Preet D. Joshi, UHS Sports Medicine Fellowship,
Binghamton, NY; Jake Veigel, Cayuga Medical
Center at Island Health and Fitness, Ithaca, NY
Presenter: Preet Joshi
Chest Wall Injury – Weightlifting
Khan M, Pujalte GA, Departments of Family
and Community Medicine, and Orthopaedics and
Rehabilitation, Penn State Hershey Medical Center,
Hershey, PA
Presenter: M. Khan
29
2:20 – 2:30 PM
2:30 – 2:40 PM
2:40 – 2:50 PM
Juvenile Spondylarthropy in High School Athletes
Koba, Tim, Cayuga Medical Center; Getzin, Andrew
MD, Cayuga Medical Center
Presenter: Tim Koba
Chronic Left Hip Pain n a Young Female Non-Athlete
Matthew Voltz, Christiana Care Health System, Newark,
DE
Presenter: Matthew Voltz, DO
Frequent Muscle Cramps and Myxedema
Hypothyroidism: The Role of a Sports Medicine
Physician
1Roza, R., 2McElroy, M. 1Geisinger Orthopedics
and Sports Medicine. Danville, PA
Presenter: Ryan Roza
Preparation, Acceleration, Sprinting and Metabolism:
A theoretical and practical approach
(sponsored by NSCA)
3:15-4:05 PM
Lecture
Speaker: Chad Witmer
4:05-5:00 PM
Practical
Speaker: Doug Lentz
Dr. Michael
Holmstrup
Dr. Todd Miller
30
Friday
Ash/Birch
Chair/Moderator
10:30 to 12:00 PM
1:00-2:15 PM
1:00-1:15 PM
FC-I-1
1:15-1:30 PM
FC-I-2
1:30-1:45 PM
FC-I-3
1:45-2:00 PM
FC-I-4
CLOSED SESSION: College Bowl Prelims
Free Communications I: MS Award Nominees
(FC-I)
Ms. Rian Landers
Dr. Patricia Pierce
Vascular Function Following A High Fat Meal With
Resistance Exercise
Augustine, J., Tarzia, B., Kasprowicz, A., Heffernan,
K. Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
The effects of load carriage on the ground reaction
force loading rates and physiological responses of
soldiers
1
Bennett, D., 1Moir, G., 1Davis, SE., 1Dwyer, G.
East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg,
PA
1
Does Eating a Meal before Testing Alter the Percent
Body Fat Measurement Determined by Bioelectrical
Impedance Analysis?
1,2
Masteller, B., 2Dixon, C., FACSM., 1Andreacci, J.,
FACSM. 1Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg,
PA, 2Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, PA
Peripheral Artery Disease Exacerbates Muscular
Fatigue In Gait
1
Midkiff, M., 1Ryan, M.J., 1Reneau, P.D., 2Reed-Jones,
R.J., 1Powell, D. 1Neuromuscular Biomechanics
Laboratory, Fairmont State University, Fairmont, WV,
2
Stanley E. Fulton Biomechanics Laboratory, Univ. of
Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX
2:00-2:15 PM
FC-I-5
Nintendo Wii Free Run vs. Treadmill Running: A
Comparison of Physiological and Metabolic Data
1
Brightbill, C.E., 2Smoliga, J.M., 1Fradkin, A.J.
1
Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA, 2High Point
University, High Point, NC
2:30 to 3:45 PM
Free Communications IV: PhD Award Nominees
(FC-IV)
2:30-2:45 PM
FC-IV-1
Microvascular Function is Reduced in Normotensive
Salt-sensitive Individuals Independent of Dietary
Sodium Intake.
DuPont JJ, Greaney JL, Matthews EM, LennonEdwards SL, Farquhar WB, Edwards DG. University of
Delaware, Newark, DE
Dr. Eric Rawson
31
2:45-3:00 PM
FC-IV-2
3:00-3:15 PM
FC-IV-3
3:15-3:30 PM
FC-IV-4
3:30-3:45 PM
FC-IV-5
Acute Oral Supplementation with Sapropterin
Augments NO-dependent Reflex Vasodilation in Aged
Human Skin
Stanhewicz, AE, Kenney, LW, Alexander-Holowatz, L.
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
PA
Serum sIL-6Rα Predicts Impairments in Cutaneous
Nitric Oxide-Dependent Vasodilation in Humans.
1
Kutz, J., 2Cannon, J., 1Kenney, W.L., FACSM,
1
Alexander-Holowatz, L,. FACSM. 1The Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, PA, 2School of
Allied Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia,
Augusta, GA.
High Dietary Sodium Reduces Flow Mediated
Dilation in Humans with Salt Sensitive & Salt
Resistant BP.
Matthews, E.L., DuPont, J.J., Greaney, J.L., LennonEdwards, S.L., Edwards, D.G., Farquhar, W.B.
Low-density lipoprotiens, body mass index, and the
female sex are predictors of reduced cutaenous
reactive hyperemia in human skin
Craighead, D. Dahmus, J. Kenney, WL, FACSM.
Alexander-Holowatz, L, FACSM. Penn State
University, University Park, PA
Student Session: Meet the Experts
4:00-5:00 PM
FC-IV-6
J. Carson Smith – University of Maryland
Brad Hatfield – University of Maryland
Irene Davis – Harvard University
Geoffrey Moore - Cayuga Center for Healthy Living
Martin O’Roirdan - Mercy Fitzgerald Hospital
Ms. Rian Landers
32
Friday
Chestnut/Dogwood
1:00 - 2:30 PM
Free Communications Session II – Professional
(FC-II)
Athletic Care and Clinical Medicine
1:00-1:15 PM
FC-II-1
Chair/Moderator
Dr. John Abt
Mid-Thigh Circumference is Inversely Related to
Hamstrings Strength in ACL Reconstructed
Women.
Vairo, G. Athletic Training & Sports Medicine
Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State
Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Health Promotion
1:15-1:30 PM
FC-II-2
Examination of Sedentary Time, Physical Activity,
and Body Mass Index (BMI) in College-Aged
Students.
Larouere, B., Winters, C. Slippery Rock University,
Slippery Rock, PA.
Psychology, Behavior and Neurobiology
1:30-1:45 PM
FC-II-3
Preferred method of self-regulating exercise
intensity in overweight and obese adults
1
Wisniewski, K., 2Goss, F. (FACSM). 2Rubinstein,
E., 2Davis, K., 2Nagle, E. (FACSM), 2Storti, K.,
2
Jakicic, J.
(FACSM). 1Saint Francis University, Loretto, Pa,
2
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
1:45-2:00 PM
FC-II-4
Precooling By Ice Slurry Ingestion Reduces Core
Temperature and Thermal Sensation During 5km
Running
Sauers EJ1., Lisicky NA1., Witmer CA1., Davis SE1.
1
East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA
2:00-2:15 PM
FC-II-5
Effects of a Two Week College Weight Training
Course on Body Weight, Power, and Strength.
McNamara, J., St. Francis College, Brooklyn
Heights, NY
Cardiovascular, Renal and Respiratory Physiology
2:15-2:30 PM
FC-II-6
Effects of Weight Loss and Exercise in Older
Adults with Apnea
1
Dobrosielski, DA., 2Desai, D., 2Patil, S., 2Schwartz,
A., 2Stewart KJ. 1Towson University, Towson, MD,
2
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
33
Friday
Elm/Fir
1:00 - 2:15 PM
1:00-1:15 PM
FC-III-1
1:15-1:30 PM
FC-III-2
1:30-1:45 PM
FC-III-3
1:45-2:00 PM
FC-III-4
2:00-2:15 PM
FC-III-5
3:15 to 5:00 PM
Free Communications Session III – UG
(FC-III)
Chair/Moderator
Dr. Joohee Sanders
Effects of Eccentric Muscle Work on Acute and
Delayed Torque and Force Generation
Guy, J. and Braun, W.A., (FACSM), Shippensburg
University, Shippensburg PA
The Effects of Caffeine on Maximal Anaerobic
Exercise
Ogden, K., Haak, J., Kieffer, S., Marlow, N. Messiah
College, Mechanicsburg, PA
Validity of Using Functional Threshold Power and
Intermittent Power to Predict Mountain Bike Race
Outcome.
Miller, M., Moir, G. East Stroudsburg University, East
Stroudsburg, PA
Regression models for strength assessment method
selection and performance predictions.
Lefever, C., Anning, J.H., and Jensen, B.T. Slippery
Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA
The Effects of Foam Rolling and Static Stretching on
Flexibility and Acute Muscle Soreness
Howe, E., Lininger, A., Schlegel, L., Harwell, A.,
Paulson, S., Braun, W., Sanders, J. Shippensburg
Free Communications VI - UG (FC-VI)
Fitness Assessment and Training, cont.
3:15-3:30 PM
FC-VI-6
3:30-3:45 PM
FC-VI-7
3:45-4:00 PM
FC-VI-8
4:00-4:15 PM
FC-VI-9
Dr. Shannon
Lennon-Edwards
The Influence of Exercise Intensity on Post-Exercise
Appetite Response
Gilson, T., Pamperien, C., Parmer, M., Clugh, J., Allen,
M., Paulson, S., and Braun,
W.A. (FACSM), Shippensburg University,
Shippensburg PA
The Psychological and Physiological Effects of Music
on Athletic Performance
Baughman, C., Maize, R., Malloy, B., Paulson, S.,
Zientek, C., Braun, W.A.
Department of Exercise Science, Shippensburg
The Acute Effects of L-Arginine on Recovery and
Resistance Exercise
Garcia, A., Hlasney, J., Frost, J., Braun, W., Sanders, J.
Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA
Effects of Creatine Monohydrate vs. Creatine
Hydrochloride on Muscle Endurance Performance.
Naylor, K., Albright, C., Liggitt, C., Kolenc, A.,
Robinson, R., Braun, W., Sanders, J. Shippensburg
34
4:15-4:30 PM
FC-VI-10
The Effects of Caffeine on Anaerobic Performance
Varley, E., Deantonio, A., Wineholt, J., Digirolomo,
A., Sanders, J. Shippensburg University, Shippensburg,
PA
4:30-4:45 PM
FC-VI-11
4:45-5:00 PM
FC-VI-12
Unhealthy Behaviors and the Relationship to Body
Mass Index (BMI) in College Students
Popivchak, J., Larouere, B., Winters, C. Slippery
Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA.
Clinical Exercise Physiology
Adolescent Strength and Body Composition
Changes One Year Post Gastric-Band
Surgery
1
Couper, B., 1,2Falini, L., 2Datto, G., 2Reichard, K.,
1
Reed, M., 1Department of Kinesiology West Chester
University, West Chester, PA 2General Pediatrics, A.I.
duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, De
35
Saturday
Ballroom A
9:00-11:00 AM
Childhood Obesity: Moving Toward a Solution
Partnering to Combat Childhood Obesity
Creating a Healthy Home
Speakers: Lauren Falini and Emily Hartline
(Student Facilitators: Colleen Stewart, Marguerite
McElroy, India Haire, Jaclyn Eppright. Coordinator:
Stephen Eberle)
Chair/Moderator
Dr. Maria Elena
Hallion
Ballrooms: MARC-ACSM Business Meeting and Award Ceremony Luncheon –
12:30 to 2:00 PM
Ballroom B
9:00-9:20 AM
9:20-10:05 AM
Exercise and Diabetes
Welcome and
To Understand Diabetes, a Brief Tutorial
Speaker: Craig Stevens
The Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Speaker: Melissa Reed
10:05-10:50 AM
Management of the Athlete with Diabetes
Speaker: Carolyn Jimenez
10:50-11:00 AM
Question and Answer period
Chair/Moderator
Dr. Craig Stevens
12:30 to 2:00 PM
Ballroom C,D,E
8:00-11:00 AM
8:00-10:00 AM
P1
8:00 – 8:10 AM
P2
8:10 – 8:20 AM
P3
8:20 – 8:30 AM
Poster Session II
Metabolism and Nutrition
Chair/Moderator
Mr. David Garcia
Interval Training: Its Effects on Resting Fat
Oxidation and Body Composition in Recreationally
Active
College-Aged Females
Downs, A., Sauers, EJ., Davis SE., Witmer, CA. East
Metabolic responses to high intensity aerobic and
anaerobic exercises.
Mahoney, K., Beil, K., Messersmith, P., Parker, A.,
Jones, K., McCole, S.D., and McKenzie, J.A.
Department of Exercise Science & Physical
Education, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD
Measuring the Effects of Pre-workout
Supplementation on Resting Metabolic Rate.
Harper, R, Sodhi V., Torre A., Lafferty M., Delaware
Technical Community College, Wilmington DE.
36
P4
8:30 – 8:40 AM
Body Image and Associated Behaviors Among
College-Aged Students
Miller, E., Larouere, B., Winters, C., Slippery Rock
P5
8:40 – 8:50 AM
Assessment of General Wellness in First-Year
University Students
Salsali, M. Georgian Court University, Lakewood, NJ
P6
8:50 – 9:00 AM
Impact of parental encouragement on perceived
barriers to exercise
1
Kensinger, W. & 2Divin, A.L. 1Oswego State
University, Oswego, NY, 2Western Illinois University,
Macomb, IL
Cardiovascular, Renal, and Respiratory Physiology
P7
9:00 – 9:10 AM
P8
9:10 – 9:20 AM
P9
9:20 – 9:30 AM
CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO HIGH INTENSITY
AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC EXERCISES.
Parker, A., Messersmith, P., Beil, K., Mahoney, K.,
Jones, K., McKenzie, J.A., and McCole, S.D.
Department of Exercise Science & Physical Education,
McDaniel College, Westminster, MD
Validation of Bioreactance Non-Invasive Cardiac
Output Monitoring in a Male College-Aged
Population
Elliott G, Weymers, R., Green, M., McConnell T.R.
Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, Pa.
Examining Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels in
Collegiate Swimmers Pre and Post Taper
1,2
Walega, R., 1McKenzie J.A., 1McCole, S.D.
1
McDaniel College, Westminster, MD, 2The George
Washington University, Washington, DC
Skeletal Muscle, Bone and Connective Tissue
P10
9:30 – 9:40 AM
P11
9:40 – 9:50 AM
P12
9:50 – 10:00 AM
Exercise Increases Utrophin Protein Expression In
The Mdx Mouse Model Of Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy
1
Gordon, BS., 2Lowe, DA., 3Kostek, MC. 1Penn State
Medical School, Hershey PA., 2University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN., 3Duquense University,
Pittsburgh, PA
Mechanomyographic frequency responses of a new
accelerometer based device.
Weymers, R.J., McMahon, M.J., Mookerjee, S.
Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA.
Session, Segmented Session, and Acute RPE and
Affective Responses to Self-selected Treadmill
Exercise
1
Haile, L., 2Gallagher, M., 3Haile, A., 1Dixon, C.,
4
Goss, F., 4Robertson, R. 1Lock Haven University,
Lock Haven, PA. 2University of Central Arkansas,
Conway, AR. 3Lock Haven Area YMCA, Lock Haven,
PA. 4University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
37
10:00-11:00 AM
P13
10:00 – 10:10 AM
P14
10:10 – 10:20 AM
P15
10:20 – 10:30 AM
P16
10:30 – 10:40 AM
P17
10:40 – 10:50 AM
P18
10:50 – 11:00 AM
Biomechanics
Dr. Kimberly Smith
Modified strength testing protocol for use in subjects
with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
Cady, J., Noffey, J., Neville, C. Upstate Medical
University, Syracuse, NY
Approximate Entropy Measures Reveal No Bilateral
Asymmetry In The Stability Of The Neuromuscular
Program In Parkinson’s Disease.
1
Radeski, K.J., 1Renshaw, D.W. 2Reed-Jones, R.J.,
1
Powell, D. 1Neuromuscular Biomechanics Laboratory,
Fairmont State University, Fairmont, WV, 2Stanley E.
Fulton Biomechanics Laboratory, Univ. of Texas at El
Paso, El Paso, TX
Effects Of Movement History On Rigidity In
Parkinson’s Disease
1
Fluharty, M., 1Falkenklous, J., 2Xia, R.P., 1Renshaw,
D.W., 1Powell, D., 1Neuromuscular Biomechanics
Laboratory, Fairmont State University, 2Rehabilitation
Science Research Laboratory, Creighton University
Effect of foot type on knee angle, ground reaction
forces, and muscle activation during landing
Rath, M., Walker, C.,Stearne, D. West Chester
University, West Chester, PA
Relationships between peak oxygen uptake and
arterial function: a preliminary study.
Pearman, M., DeVallance, E., Fournier, S., Bonner, D.,
Warden, B.E., Gharib, W., Donley, D., Chantler, P.
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
Gender-specific Equations for Predicting Maximal
Heart Rate in Exercise Stress Testing
1
Nagle, T., 1Godlasky, E., 1Weber-Peters, S., 1Bradford,
R., 1Miller, N., 1Lott, M. 1The Penn State University
Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Heart and Vascular
Institute, Hershey, PA.
12:30 to 2:00 PM
38
Saturday
Pennsylvania
8:00-9:00 AM
Biomechanics
Speaker: Steve Piazza
9:00-10:30 AM
Free Communications BM-I: Biomechanics
Chair/Moderator
9:00-9:15 AM
BM-1-1
9:15-9:30 AM
BM-1-2
9:30-9:45 AM
BM-1-3
9:45-10:00 AM
BM-1-4
10:00-10:15 AM
BM-1-5
10:15-10:30 AM
BM-1-6
11:00-12:30 PM
Dr. Douglas Powell
Continuous Movement Enhances Shortening Reaction
In Parkinson’s Disease
1
Falkenklous, J., 1Fluharty, M., 2Xia, R.P., 1Renshaw,
D.W., 1Powell, D. 1 Neuromuscular Biomechanics
Lab, Fairmont State Univ., Fairmont, WV,
2
Rehabilitation Science Research Lab, Creighton Univ.,
Omaha, NE
A Mobile App To Assess Arch Height Index:
Normative Values And Camera Placement
1
Rossignol, D., 2Williams, D.S. 3rd, 1Powell, D.
1
Neuromuscular Biomechanics Laboratory, Fairmont
State University, Fairmont, WV, 2Research Division,
Commonwealth Sports Medicine, Glen Allen, VA.
Effect Of Sampling Rate And Movement Frequency
On Approximate Entropy Values
1
Morgan, A., 1Radeski, K.J., 1Renshaw, D.W., 2ReedJones, R.J., 1,3Powell, D. 1Neuromuscular
Biomechanics Laboratory, Fairmont State University,
Fairmont, WV, 2Stanley E. Fulton Biomechanics
Laboratory, Univ. of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX
Joint Powers Of The Contralateral Ankle And Knee
Are Increased In Short-Leg Walking Boots
1
Renshaw, D.W., 2Zhang, S., 2King, J., 2Keefer, M.,
1
Powell, D. 1Neuromuscular Biomechanics Laboratory,
Fairmont State University, Fairmont, WV,
2
Biomechanics/Sports Medicine Laboratory, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
Muscle synergies during 6 minutes of high intensity
rowing.
1
Shaharudin, S., 1Agrawal, S. 1University of
Delaware, Newark, DE.
Increased Movement Velocity Does Not Enhance
Shortening Reaction In Parkinson’s Diseas
1,2
Powell, D., 2Muthumani, A., 2Xia, R.P.
1
Neuromuscular Biomechanics Laboratory, Fairmont
State University, Fairmont, WV, 2Rehabilitation
Science Research Laboratory, Creighton University,
Omaha, NE
Biomechanics Interest Group Meeting
Speaker: Jean McCrory, PhD
12:30 to 2:00 PM
39
Ash/Birch
Chair/Moderator
8:00 to 9:30 AM
8:00-8:15 AM
FC-VII-1
8:15-8:30 AM
FC-VII-2
8:30-8:45 AM
FC-VII-3
8:45-9:00 AM
FC-VII-4
9:00-9:15 AM
FC-VII-5
9:15-9:30 AM
FC-VII-6
Free Communications VII: UG Award Nominees
(FC-VII)
Dr. Stephen M.
LoRusso
Rapid Onset Pressor Response during Isometric
Exercise in Postmenopausal Hypertensive Women
Colodner, KT, Greaney, JL, Wenner, MM, and
Farquhar WB. University of Delaware, Newark, DE.
Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior And Blood
Pressure In Young Adults
Tarzia, B., Kasprowicz, A., Leffert, W., Heffernan, K.
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
Sex differences in The Hemodynamic Response to
arm elevation
1
Kasprowicz, A., 1Tarzia, B., 2Davies, J., 3Casey, D.,
1
Heffernan, K., 1Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY,
2
St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK, 3Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN
Comparing The Effect Of Overspeed Training On
NCAA Division III Lacrosse Athletes
Marlowe, N., Flanick, K., Rohrer, D., Burtnett, L.,
Kieffer, H.S. Messiah College, Mechanicsburg, PA
Thermal and Fluid Balance in Competitive Cycling
Fox, N., Burns, D. DeSales University, Center Valley,
PA
A novel method for assessing cutaneous reactive
hyperemia with laser speckle contrast imagery
Conlon, C.C., Stanhewicz, A.E, Wong, B.J.,
Alexander-Holowatz, L, FACSM. Penn State
10:30-11:30 AM
Exercise is Medicine: Updates and EIM Credential
Speakers: Carena Winters
Madeline Bayles
12:30 to 2:00 PM
40
Chestnut/Dogwood
Chair/Moderator
8:00-9:15 AM
9:15-12:30 PM
Considerations for Exercise Science Research with
Human Subjects
Speakers: Paul Smith
Shala Davis
Open
12:30 to 2:00 PM
Elm/Fir
Chair/Moderator
8:00 AM to 12:15 PM
8:00 AM -9:15AM
8:00-8:15 AM
FC-VIII-1
Free Communications VIII: MS/PhD (FC-VIII)
Dr. Megan Wenner
Fitness Assessment and Testing
Influence of Knowledge of Results on Older Adults’
Self-Efficacy for Exercise and Physical Activity
Behaviors
1,2
Reilley, A., 2 Sames, C., 2Avers, D., 1 McGinnis, P.,
Rosenbaum, P., & 1Hurley, W. 1SUNY Cortland,
Cortland, NY, 2SUNY Upstate Medical University,
Syracuse, NY, (Sponsor: Wendy L. Hurley)
2
8:15-8:30 AM
FC-VIII-2
The Necessity of a Verification Trial Following a
Maximal Incremental Ramp Test
Simonovich, S. and Swensen, T. Ithaca College,
Ithaca, NY.
8:30-8:45 AM
FC-VIII-3
Effects Of Nasal Irrigation On Exericse Time,
Symathetic Tones, Lactate, And Rating Of Percieved
Exertion
Thompson, J., Reed, M., Parker, T., Tobin, R., Stearne,
D., Melton, S., Whidden, M. West Chester University
of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA
8:45-9:00 AM
FC-VIII-4
Fitness Assessment of College Age Students Enrolled
in a General Education Fitness Class
Kuznicki, J.M., McConnell, T.R., Bloomsburg
University, Bloomsburg, PA
9:00-9:15 AM
FC-VIII-5
The Effects of Interval Training on Pitching
Performance of NCAA Division II Baseball Pitchers
Rabena, R., Davis, S., Witmer, C., Guers, J. East
Break 9:15 to 9:30 AM
41
9:30 AM -10:45AM
9:30-9:45 AM
FC-VIII-6
Environmental and Occupational Physiology
Dr. Scott Mazetti
Vascular Changes Following Exercise-Induced
Hyperthermia
Lefferts, W.1, Hultquist, E.2, Heffernan, K.1, Fehling,
P.2, Smith, D.2
1
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 2Skidmore
College, Saratoga Springs, NY
9:45-10:00 AM
FC-VIII-7
Effects of Chronic Stress on Running Wheel Activity
in Mice.
DeVallance, E., Riggs, D., Jackson, Parkulo, T., B.,
Zaslau, S., Ice, C., Bryner, R., West Virginia
University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
10:00-10:15 AM
FC-VIII-8
10:15-10:30 AM
FC-VIII-11
Adolescent Cardiovascular Fitness Changes One Year
Post Gastric-Band Surgery
Falini, L., Datto, G., Reichard, K., Reed, M., General
Pediatrics, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children,
Wilmington, DE, Department of Kinesiology, West
Chester University, West Chester, PA.
Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Heart Rate
Recovery between Men and Women
1
Throdahl, M., 1Fisher, M., 2DePadova, D. 1Monclair
State University, Montclair, NJ, 2Mountainside
Hospital, Montclair, NJ
Skeletal Muscle, Bone and Connective Tissue
10:30-10:45 AM
FC-VIII-12
Relationship of mechanomyographic amplitude to
torque using a new accelerometer based device.
McMahon, M.J., Mookerjee, S. Bloomsburg
University, Bloomsburg, PA.
Break 10:45 to 11:00 AM
11:00 AM -12:15 PM
11:00-11:15 AM
FC-VIII-13
Cardiovascular, Renal and Respiratory Physiology
Dr. Emily Sauers
Voluntary Wheel Running Augments Vascular
Function in Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease
Martens, C.R., Kuczmarski, J.M., Lennon-Edwards,
S.L., Edwards, D.G. Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE
Metabolism and Nutrition
11:15-11:30 AM
FC-VIII-14
Association Between Weight Loss And Physical
Activity On Change In Blood Pressure In Overweight
Adults
1
Garcia, D., 1Davis, K., 2Tate, D., 2Polzien, K., 1Jakicic,
J. 1University of Pittsburgh and
2
University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill.
42
11:30 AM-11:45 PM
FC-VIII-15
11:45-12:00 PM
FC-VIII-16
Effect Of An Acute Exercise Bout On ObesityInduced Chemerin Levels
1
lloyd, J., 1zerfass, K., 2holmstrup, M., 3evans, K.,
4
kanaley, J., 1keslacy, S., 1syracuse University,
Syracuse,
Ny. 2 Slippery Rock University, Slippery
3
University Of Rochester School Of
Rock, Pa.
Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, Ny.4 University Of
Missouri, Columbia, Mo.
The repressors of mTORC1 signaling, REDD1 and
REDD2, are induced in immobilized rat skeletal
muscle
Kelleher, A., Kimball, S., Dennis, M., Schilder, R.,
Jefferson, L. The Pennsylvania State University
College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
Immunology, Genetics and Endocrinology
12:00-12:15 PM
FC-VIII-17
Muscle gene expression in Alzheimer’s disease
following 12 weeks of exercise.
1,2
Holohan, J., 2Hassan M, 2Brangman S, 2Middleton
F, 1,2Keslacy, S. 1Syracuse University, Upstate
Medical University, Syracuse NY
Ballrooms: MARC-ACSM Business Meeting and Award Ceremony Luncheon - 12:30 to
2:00 PM
43
Free Communications
Poster, Research, and
Clinical Case Study
Abstracts
44
VASCULAR FUNCTION FOLLOWING A HIGH FAT MEAL WITH RESISTANCE
EXERCISE
Augustine, J., Tarzia, B., Kasprowicz, A., Heffernan, K. Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
Postprandial lipemia causes vascular dysfunction, a precursor for cardiovascular disease. Acute aerobic
exercise performed after a high fat meal (HFM) has been shown to attenuate the negative effects of a
HFM on the vasculature. Acute resistance exercise (RE) alone may acutely increase arterial stiffness
potentially having a negative effect on vascular function when performed after eating a HFM. Purpose:
To measure arterial stiffness and postprandial lipemia after a HFM with or without RE. Methods: Ten
recreationally active men (age 24 ± 5.5 years, BMI 24.7 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either:
(1) HFM alone (2) HFM followed 2h 15 min later by a bout of high intensity RE. Pulse wave velocity
(PWV) was obtained from carotid-femoral sites as a measure of aortic stiffness. PWV from carotidradial sites was used as a measure of peripheral artery stiffness. Circulating triglycerides (TRG) were
obtained from finger stick samples to assess postprandial lipemia. All measures were made at baseline
and 3 hours following HFM consumption. Results: Aortic PWV did not change with HFM (5.9 ± 1.1
m/s to 6.1 ± 1.0 m/s, P > .05) or RE+HFM (5.8 ± 0.8 m/s to 5.9 ± 1.1 m/s, P > .05). Peripheral PWV
increased significantly in the HFM condition (7.2 ± 1.0 m/s to 7.7 ± 1.1 m/s, P = .012) and decreased
significantly in the RE condition (7.2 ± .9 m/s to 5.9 ± 1.1m/s, P = .012 for interaction). TRG levels
increased significantly with HFM (79.8 ± 46.7 mg/dL to 153 ± 58.2 mg/dL, P < .001) and RE attenuated
this TRG increase (66.7 ± 22.7 mg/dL to 102.8 ± 37.7 mg/dL, P = .049 for interaction). Conclusion: RE
attenuates the postprandial lipemia experienced after a HFM. Moreover, acute RE not only prevents
peripheral vascular dysfunction caused by HFM but also improves peripheral vascular function,
manifesting as a reduction in peripheral artery stiffness. There is no change in aortic stiffness in the
postprandial state with or without RE.
Support for this project: Joan N. Burstyn Endowed Fund for Collaborative Research in Education,
School of Education, Syracuse University
DYNAMIC BALANCE IN CHILDREN: PERFORMANCE COMPARISION BETWEEN TWO
TESTING DEVICES
1
Bagley, J., 1Boise, S., 1Ratamess, N., 1Kang, J., 1Farrell, A., 2Myer, G., 1Faigenbaum, A. 1The College
of New Jersey, Ewing NJ. 2Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
Dynamic balance (DB) refers to the ability to maintain balance while moving and requires strength,
flexibility and proprioception. DB is typically measured in youth and adults on a Y-balance kit (YBK).
For general use in most public schools, less expensive devices are needed. PURPOSE: To compare DB
performance in children measured on a YBK with a less expensive hand-made device (HMD) made
from wood slats and cloth measuring tape. METHODS: Sixteen children (age 10.6 ± 0.3 yr; height
146.4 ± 7.2 cm, body mass 46.4 ± 14.9 kg) performed the Y balance test using a YBK and a HMD on
nonconsecutive days. Standard testing procedures which included 6 warm-up trials and 3 test trials on
each leg in the anterior, posteromedial and posterolateral directions were followed. Subjects attempted
to maintain single-leg stance while reaching as far as possible in each direction with the contralateral
leg. Data were analyzed for each limb in all 3 directions using paired t-tests and Bland-Altman plots.
RESULTS: HMD provided a strong relationship to YBK measures with composite correlation
coefficients ranging from r=0.90 to r=0.94 and no difference in performance for any direction on either
limb between the YBK and the HMD (p>0.05). Bland-Altman plots confirmed no systematic shift in DB
performance in any measure between YBK and HMD. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate
that DB performance on a HMD is comparable to performance on a commercially marketed YBK in
children.
Research Funded by American Council on Exercise
45
The Psychological and Physiological Effects of Music on Athletic Performance
Baughman, C., Maize, R., Malloy, B., Paulson, S., Zientek, C., Braun, W.A.
Department of Exercise Science, Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA
Purpose: To examine the psychological and physiological effects of music on running performance.
Methods: Six students from Shippensburg University (M±SD age: 20.33 ± 0.82 yrs, weight: 137.77 ±
20.78 lbs, height: 66.58 ± 3.68 in.; BMI: 21.70±2.38) performed a 1.5 mile run under three conditions.
The conditions were running without music (control), with music they liked (preferred), and music they
did not like (non-preferred). Before and after the run, all subjects completed the shortened Profile of
Mood States (POMS) survey. Physiological dependent variables were analyzed using a Repeated
Measures ANOVA and the POMS variables were analyzed with a 3x2 ANOVA. Results: Time was
statistically significant (p = 0.02) between conditions. The post-hoc analysis found a significant
difference between non-preferred and control (p < .05) and preferred and control (p < .05). However,
there was no difference between non-preferred and preferred music (p > .05). The POMS scales were
not statistically significant (p > .05). Conclusion: Subjects performed better when listening to music
during the 1.5 mile run. When compared to the control time, subjects ran 7% and 8.5% faster during the
non-preferred and preferred running conditions, respectively. However, none of the other physiological
or psychological variables were different across conditions. Although the sample size was small, these
results suggest music may enhance athletic performance.
Variable
Heart rate
(bpm)
Time
(min:sec)
RPE
Control
155.67±11.55
Non-Preferred
155.66±20.92
Preferred
161.33±12.50
11.55±2.52*
10.76±2.23
10.64±1.84
12.16±1.94
11.16±2.13
11.33±1.96
*different from Non-Preferred and Preferred
46
Bilateral Isokinetic Torque Differences in Trained Swimmers.
Bennett, K.C., McMahon, M.J., Mookerjee, S. Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA.
Purpose: To investigate bilateral torque differences in trained swimmers during isokinetic knee
extension exercise. Methods: 25 NCAA Division II swimmers (14 ♀, 11 ♂), (aged 20.3 ± 1.5 years;
height 172.2 ± 13.1 cm; mass 70.3 ± 14.1 kg; % body fat 15.5 ± 6.7) performed 15 maximal voluntary,
bilateral knee extensions on an isokinetic dynamometer. The selection of testing velocities was based on
underwater filming of the kick cycle. Testing velocities were set at 400 deg·s-1 and 450 deg·s-1. Results:
A total of 9 subjects failed to attain target isokinetic velocities. Therefore, data from only 16 subjects (9
♂, 7 ♀) were included in the analysis. Two-way ANOVA revealed no significant torque differences (p ≥
0.05) between right and left limbs within both velocities –
Torque
400 deg•s-1
Right Knee
Left Knee
450 deg•s-1
Right Knee
Left Knee
Mn ± SD
23.1 ± 14.3
19.3 ± 15.2
22.8 ± 13.0
19.4 ± 15.1
Conclusions: testing. However, these findings provide further empirical evidence to support the notion
that long term swimming There were no significant differences (p < 0.05) between the right and left
limbs in underwater angular velocities or isokinetic torques. This finding is in accordance with previous
work on master’s level swimmers. The ambidextrous nature of swimming training should result in
uniform bilateral strength development. The inability of subjects (36%) to attain either one of the target
velocities is indicative of the limitations of isokinetic training results in uniform strength development in
the lower extremities.
The effects of load carriage on the ground reaction force loading rates and physiological responses
of soldiers
1
Bennett, D., 1Moir, G., 1Davis, SE., 1Dwyer, G. 1East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA
Current evidence suggests that the limits for acceptable load carriage are currently being exceeded by
U.S. soldiers serving in combat theaters. This overloading may potentiate the risk for overuse injuries.
Therefore, it is important to understand the biomechanical and physiological responses of loaded
marching in order to establish a relationship with overuse injuries. Purpose: To investigate the effects of
a simulated road-march to fatigue on the ground reaction force loading rates (GRFLR) and physiological
responses of soldiers during load and rifle carriage. Methods: Six men (age: 25.6 ± 4.1 years; mass:
83.7 ± 7.3 kg) with military backgrounds and experience with both rifle and load carriage agreed to
participate. The subjects completed simulated road-marches to volitional fatigue using a graded
treadmill protocol at 1.5 m/s under four experimental conditions: 1) unloaded marching, 2) marching
with a rifle (carrying a 3.1 kg simulated rifle), 3) marching with a load (carrying a fighting load of 29
kg), and 4) marching with a load + rifle. GRF data were collected prior to and immediately following the
simulated road-march performed under each condition. Physiological data (VO2) were collected prior to,
throughout, and following the simulated road-march using a portable metabolic system. Results: There
was a significant (mean difference: 9.75-33.9%; p = 0.028) increase in GRFLR caused by the rifle and
load carriage conditions prior to the simulated road-marches. There was a significant reduction in time
to fatigue (mean difference: 40.4-47.9%; p = 0.002) and an increase in pre road-march VO2 (mean
difference: 20.9-21.1%; p = 0.006) caused by the load and rifle carriage conditions. Conclusion: Load,
rifle, and the combination of load + rifle carriage were shown to increase the energetic cost of walking
and altered GRF parameters, which may potentiate the risk for overuse injuries. Future research is
warranted on the biomechanical interaction between load and rifle carriage, and their relationship to
overuse injuries.
47
Comparison of Maximal and Supramaximal Verification Tests
Bly, K., Dolan, K., Simonovich, S., Corrigan, K., and Swensen, T. Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY.
Purpose: To examine which VO2max verification technique—constant load vs. supra maximal is most
effective. Methods: A repeated measures design was used in which 14 college students (M = 19.1, SD
= 1.3 ) completed, on the Monark cycle ergometer, two maximal incremental ramp tests separated by at
least 48 hours. After the second ramp test, subjects performed a 10-min active recovery followed by a
maximal or a supramaximal verification test. Results: Paired t-test showed no significant differences
between VO2max and the maximal verification phase (t(6) = -.25, p >.05 ), between VO2max and the
supramaximal verification phase (t(6) = -.69, p > .05), or between the maximal and supramaximal
verification VO2 values (t(12) = .65, p > .05). There was a strong correlation between VO2max and the
maximal verification phase (r = .96) and VO2max and the supramaximal verification phase (r = .84). It
was found that the Coefficient of Variation (CV) between VO2max and the maximal verification phase
was 2.0%, while the CV between VO2max and the supramaximal verification phase was 4.0%.
Conclusion: When performing a verification phase on a cycle ergometer, examiners may use either a
maximal or supramaximal verification phase. However, given the stronger correlation and the lower,
CV, a maximal verification phase may be preferred.
Nintendo Wii Free Run vs. Treadmill Running: A Comparison of Physiological and Metabolic
Data
1
Brightbill, C.E., 2Smoliga, J.M., 1Fradkin, A.J. 1Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA, 2High
Point University, High Point, NC
Nintendo Wii exergaming has been suggested as an adjunct to increase physical activity levels, with
Nintendo stating Wii Free Run (WFR) is a 4 MET activity. However, prior to prescribing exergaming as
an effective form of exercise, the reliability and validity needs to be determined. Purpose: To compare
physiological differences between WFR and treadmill running (TR) at a theoretically equivalent
intensity. Also, to compare the distance traveled during TR to the distance traveled in WFR (provided by
gaming system). Methods: Twenty-eight college age participants (20 males, 8 females) were fitted with
a portable metabolic cart and heart rate (HR) monitor. Participants performed six minutes of both WFR
and TR (1.16m⋅s-1) separated by five minutes of seated rest. Treadmill speed was determined with
ACSM’s calculation for treadmill running at 4 METs, whereas participants self-selected their exercise
intensity for the WFR. Metabolic and HR data were continuously recorded for WFR, rest, and TR
conditions, with electronic markers used to indicate the beginning and end of each condition. Mean data
from 3.0 to 5.5 minutes of each condition were compared using paired t-tests, and the absolute value of
the difference between conditions (|WFR – TR|) was compared to zero using a one-sample t-test.
Results: There was no significant difference between WFR and TR for mean HR or MET values,
however, there was a significant difference in absolute values for HR (9.5 ± 7.8 bpm, p ≤ 0.001) and
METs (0.77 ± 0.58, p ≤ 0.001). WFR also showed a significantly greater mean distance traveled
compared to TR (907.6 ± 51.2 m, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Although there were no significant
differences in mean HR or METs between conditions, there was a significant difference when the
magnitude of the difference was examined. This highlights individual variations in metabolic responses
during WFR, likely due to self-regulated WFR intensity. Further, WFR likely overestimated distance
due to the sensitivity of the Wii controller being influenced by factors other than stepping rate. Thus it
seems WFR is an acceptable estimator of metabolic activity, but a poor estimator of distance.
48
Modified strength testing protocol for use in subjects with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
Cady, J., Noffey, J., Neville, C. Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
Purpose: To examine the reliability of a modified ankle and hip isometric and isokinetic strength testing
protocol using a isokinetic testing unit. The modified protocol was designed to be used in an ongoing
clinical trial of patients with Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD) who are typically older (5080 years), overweight (BMI ~ 30), and experiencing pain. Methods: Seven healthy subjects were
recruited to perform hip flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction in modified standing positions.
Additionally, ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion was tested. All motions were performed
isometrically and isokinetically to be analyzed for their level of test-re-test agreement. Results:
Intraclass correlation coefficients and standard error of the measurement (SEM) for a select data set
were used as cut-off points to describe pilot data from 10 subjects with PTTD and are included in Table
1.
Average (Nm)
ICC
SD
SEM (Nm)
Isokinetic PF
28.7
0.967
8.6
1.5
Isokinetic hip flexion
89.9
0.966
24.2
4.4
Isokinetic hip abduction
61.1
0.964
29.3
5.5
Table 1. Reliability (test, re-test) of selected lower extremity muscle groups. All isometric data are tested in the
neutral position while isokinetic data are tested at 60 degrees per second. ICC Model (3,1). PF – plantar flexion.
Conclusion: Test-re-test reliability was good to excellent and used to interpret the clinical trial data.
Preliminary findings suggest that an increase in muscle strength, that exceeded the SEM reliability
values, were associated with improved self reported function (Foot Function Index-Revised) in subjects
who wore a jointed ankle brace.
Research funded by NIH-NIAMS Grant: R15AR061737
Implementation of the Exercise is Medicine (EIM)™ Referral System at Slippery Rock University
Carothers, A., Veltre, S., Winters, C., Urda, J., Smith, K., and Lynn, J. Slippery Rock University,
Slippery Rock, PA.
Purpose: The purpose of the current project was to implement EIM on Slippery Rock University’s
campus. Methods: Collaborations were developed between faculty in the Exercise Science Department
and the nurses in the Student Health Center. Physical activity (PA) frequency and duration were
recorded as the ‘sixth vital sign’ during scheduled student health visits. Students reporting fewer than
150 minutes per week of physical activity were eligible for referral to a trained exercise professional
(faculty-supervised, recent exercise science graduates). Students entering the referral program
performed a health history, a pre and post fitness assessment, and six weeks of individualized exercise
prescription. Following the program, students completed a confidential assessment of their experience.
Results: A total of 6,632 student screenings for physical activity were performed from spring 2011
through spring 2012. A total of 390 students reported less than 150 minutes per week of PA, and were
therefore eligible for referral. Of the 390, 33 were able to be accommodated within the program.
Fourteen students completed the program, 8 declined participation upon contact, 6 agreed to participate,
but failed to complete initial assessment, 3 did not respond to initial contact, and 2 were ineligible due to
current PA participation. Conclusion: A comprehensive EIM referral program was successfully
implemented at Slippery Rock University, and to our knowledge, the first emphasizing collaboration
from health professional screenings to implementation by a qualified exercise professional.
Research funded in part by PASSHE Grant 7033006063
49
Rapid Onset Pressor Response during Isometric Exercise in Postmenopausal Hypertensive
Women
Colodner, KT, Greaney, JL, Wenner, MM, and Farquhar WB. University of Delaware, Newark, DE.
After menopause, women are at a greater risk for developing hypertension. During acute isometric
exercise, increases in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) are exaggerated in hypertensive (HTN) adults.
These exaggerated responses are evident at the onset of exercise and are likely partially the result of
sympathetically-mediated increases in total peripheral resistance (TPR). Examining hemodynamic
responses at exercise onset is important because many activities of daily living involve an isometric
component that is short-lived and sub-maximal. Purpose: Focusing on the immediate hemodynamic
responses to isometric handgrip exercise, we tested the hypothesis that postmenopausal HTN women
would have a more rapid increase in MAP, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and TPR
compared to normotensive (NTN) women. Methods: We assessed beat-by-beat MAP (Finometer),
MSNA (peroneal microneurography), TPR (ModelFlow-derived), and cardiac output (Q; ModelFlowderived) in NTN (n=21; 60±1 yr) and HTN (n=9; 65±2 yr) postmenopausal women at baseline and
during the first 30 seconds of static handgrip at 40% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Results:
MAP increased more in HTN compared to NTN women (Δ15.0±4.4 mmHg HTN vs. Δ4.0±1.2 mmHg
NTN; p<0.01). Similarly, MSNA (∆13.7±2.0 bursts/min HTN v. ∆0.4±1.7 bursts/min NTN; p<0.01)
and TPR (Δ160.5±122.6 dyn·s/cm-5 HTN v. Δ-39.3±37.8 dyn·s/cm-5 NTN; p=0.05) increased more in
the HTN women. Increases in Q were not different between groups (∆0.2±0.2 L/min HTN v. ∆0.5±0.1
L/min NTN; p=NS). Conclusion: As expected, postmenopausal NTN women had minimal
hemodynamic responses during the first 30 sec of isometric exercise. In contrast, postmenopausal HTN
women demonstrate a rapid onset pressor response during isometric handgrip exercise that is partially
mediated by MSNA-induced increases in TPR. These preliminary data suggest potential abnormalities
in neurocirculatory control during the onset of exercise in HTN postmenopausal women.
Research supported by an AHA 11PRE7580029 and an ACSM Foundation Grant.
A novel method for assessing cutaneous reactive hyperemia with laser speckle contrast imagery
Conlon, C.C., Stanhewicz, A.E, Wong, B.J., Alexander-Holowatz, L, FACSM. Penn State University,
University Park, PA
Purpose: The human cutaneous circulation is a representative vascular bed used to assess microvascular
function through a variety of skin-specific stimuli including reactive hyperemia (RH). Laser speckle
contrast image (LSCI) is a state-of-the-art method to measure skin blood flow (SkBF), compared to
single point laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). We sought to develop a new technique for quantifying the
RH response and examine between-subject variability of the RH response. Methods: A standardized
RH protocol was performed on 5 men and women with three, five minute suprasystolic occlusions.
SkBF was imaged using LSCI. Regions of interest (ROI) for the LSCI were determined and integrated.
The total hyperemic response (THR) was calculated using the trapezoidal method in Excel subtracting
baseline and normalizing to a percentage of the maximum vasodilation to local heating (44°C). The
normalized value was integrated over the corresponding time interval to give the final corrected THR.
Results: The between-subject coefficent of variation for the calculated THR from LSCI was 42.5%
(4,697±893%CVCmax * sec), compared to LDF 74% (3,320 ± 2,441%CVCmax · s). Conclusion: There is
less variation for the THR with LSCI compared to the traditional LDF method, likely due to the larger
surface area being measured.
50
Adolescent Strength and Body Composition Changes One Year Post Gastric-Band
Surgery
1
Couper, B., 1,2Falini, L., 2Datto, G., 2Reichard, K., 1Reed, M., 1Department of Kinesiology West
Chester University, West Chester, PA 2General Pediatrics, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children,
Wilmington, De
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe body composition and strength changes one year
post Gastric-Band surgery in severely obese adolescents. Methods: A retrospective chart review was
conducted of adolescents who underwent both Gastric-Band surgery and strength testing prior to and
one year post-surgery. Muscular strength was measured by hand grip dynamometer with the elbow
flexed at 90˚ using best of two trials. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance
analysis with the patient in a supine position. Electrodes were placed on the right wrist, hand, ankle, and
foot. Results: There were 36 patients, aged 14-18 (mean 16.11±1.13), 31 females, 22 Caucasians.
Average weight loss was 18.39±13.04 kg (range -4.6-49.5kg). Fat mass, fat-free mass, and right hand
grip significantly decreased one year post-surgery. While left hand grip did not significantly decrease
there was a trend toward a decrease one year post-surgery. Baseline right hand grip strength had a
significant positive correlation with fat free mass loss (0.611, p=0.027).
Fat
mass
(kg)
Fat-free
mass
(kg)
Hand
grip R
(lbs)
Hand
grip L
(lbs)
N
35
Base
76.24±15.45
N
18
1 year
59.43±20.65
Significance
P≤0.001
35
61.6±17.7
18
59.5±19.89
P≤0.001
36
75.08±13.71
17
64.76±14.61
P=0.017
36
68.86±11.81
17
61.82±13.75
P=0.086
Conclusion: Adolescents who had Gastric-Band surgery experienced significant weight loss one year
following surgery. There were decreases in both fat mass and fat free mass. Patients who were stronger
before surgery lost more fat free mass 1 year after surgery. These results suggest that a decrease in fatfree mass could lead to a decrease in hand grip strength. Further research is needed to determine the
most effective strength training prescription to maintain or decrease fat-free loss following surgery.
51
Low-density lipoprotiens, body mass index, and the female sex are predictors of reduced
cutaenous reactive hyperemia in human skin
Craighead, D. Dahmus, J. Kenney, WL, FACSM. Alexander-Holowatz, L, FACSM. Penn State
Purpose: The human cutaneous circulation is a representative vascular bed to assess systemic
microvascular dysfunction associated with preclinical cardiovascular diseases. Laser speckle contrast
imaging (LCSI) is a state-of-the-art method used to measure skin blood flow (SkBF), imaging a larger
surface area compared to single-point laser-Doppler flowmetry. Using LCSI, we sought to determine
what cardiovascular risk factors were most predictive of the cutaneous reactive hyperemic (RH)
response in human subject with a broad range of age cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods: A
standardized RH protocol consisting of three, five minute suprasystolic occlusions was performed on 38
human subjects ranging in age (19-82 years), body mass index (BMI: 19.7-36.2 kg/m2), mean arterial
pressure (MAP: 67-99 mmHg) and serum low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (54-185 mg/dl). Following the
occlusion, the RH SkBF response was imaged using the full-field LCSI. Regions of interests (ROI) were
determined, integrated, and normalized to cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC, integrated ROI
flux/MAP). A stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine the best predictors of RH
parameters including the peak SkBF, and the total hyperemic response (THR). Results: Subject sex
(R2=0.158, P<0.001), BMI (R2=0.195, P<0.001), and serum LDL (R2=0.27, P<0.001) were all
significant predictors of peak RH CVC. Both age (R2=0.108, P<0.001) and BMI (R2=0.147, P=0.012)
significantly predicted the THR. Conclusion: Increased BMI, serum LDL, and the female sex, are
associated with decreased peak SkBF response during RH. Increased age and BMI are associated with a
decreased total hyperemic response. (NIH R01 AG07004-19-25)
52
Clinical Case of Knee Pain in Middle Age Endurance Runner
Daniel Curtin, MD. Alfred University Athletic Training Education Program
History: 39 year old female avid endurance runner presented with left lateral knee pain for one
month. Nagging pains. No trauma although she was running miles 60+ miles a week in
preparation for an upcoming marathon. She had completed four previous marathons. Fastest at
3:37. High school soccer I basketball/ softball and no prior knee injuries. Employed as a
physical therapist.
PE: Normal full range of motion. Mild joint line tenderness on lateral aspect. McMurray negative.
No effusion. All ligamentous testing was normal. Ober's test was negative but did have mild point
tenderness over distal iliotibial band insertion. Normal pulses distally. Good capillary refill.
Differential Diagnosis: degenerative meniscus tear; degenerative arthritis, iliotibial band
tendonitis
Imaging: MRI of knee showed iliotibial band tendonitis I bursitis and questionable popliteal
arterial aneurysm although it was a non-contrast study. Doppler ultrasound revealed a popliteal
venous aneurysm of 2 em. No arterial aneurysm. CT angiogram of left lower extremity
confirmed Doppler ultrasound findings of 2 em venous aneurysm. CT angiogram of other non
affected limb was normal as was vascular studies of abdomen and chest.
Conclusion: Symptomatic Popliteal Venous Aneurysm
Discussion I Treatment: Popliteal vein aneurysms are a form of potentially life-threatening
disease because they have been recognized to be a source of pulmonary emboli and other
thrombotic episodes. In a 1989 review of the literature there were only found 25 cases
worldwide. They are more common in females and more frequently in people over 40 years of
age and unfortunately they commonly have a symptomatic presentation. In 1968, May and
Nissel were the first to describe a popliteal vein aneurysms associated with foot and ankle
swelling. The first case of pulmonary embolism from popliteal vein aneurysms was reported by
Dahl in 1976. In 1977, Harolds described a popliteal vein aneurysm in a 17-year-old boy who
presented with an asymptomatic mass behind the knee.
A safe management approach lies in surgical repair of symptomatic lesions to limit the
possibility of fatal complications, however with the more liberal use of venous duplex scanning;
more popliteal vein aneurysms are likely to be incidentally found. Although the treatment of
symptomatic popliteal vein aneurysms is surgical, the management of asymptomatic patients
remains controversial. Some studies have suggested that asymptomatic popliteal vein aneurysms
should remain under close surveillance with duplex scanning and that surgery should be
considered only if thromboembolic events occur which is quite frightening.
Patient underwent successful popliteal venous resection and venous repair without need for
grafting. Patient is currently undergoing period of surgical rest for 2 months. No valsalva at all.
53
Effects of Chronic Stress on Running Wheel Activity in Mice.
DeVallance, E., Riggs, D., Jackson, Parkulo, T., B., Zaslau, S., Ice, C., Bryner, R., West Virginia
University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Background: Acute stress has been reported to increase running activity in rodents. Chronic stress has
been reported to decrease spontaneous movement in mice; however, few studies have evaluated this
effect on running wheel activity. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of chronic stress on spontaneous wheel
running activity (a model used for exercise training) in mice. Methods: 20 male Balb/c mice were
randomized into 2 groups; exercise (10: EX) and exercise stressed (10: EXSs). All mice were given free
access to running wheels over 4 weeks after which, 10 mice were randomized to 7 hrs/d, 5 d/wk. of
stress for 7 wks. The varying stressors included bath, damp bedding, no bedding, cage tilt, altered light
cycles, and cage-switching. All mice were given access to running wheels from approximately 3:30
p.m. to 7:30 a.m., primarily during the dark cycle. Total wheel running distance, time, and average
speed were collected daily. Results: The total running time (p<0.01) and running distance (<0.05) over
the 7 week period were significantly higher in EX compared to EXS mice. Measures of total work
(p=0.051) and total calorie expenditure (p=0.067) tended to be greater in EX versus EXS mice.
Stressed
Exercise
Exercise
AVG
st.dev
AVG
st.dev
P Value
Time Run
(min)
158.3167
33.55
220.95
50.633
Distance
(km)
3.31
0.84
4.50
1.13
< 0.01
< 0.05
Work
(min*km)
41061.57
35738.00
77179.02
39403.91
P=0.051
Work*
Bodyweight
1091807.6
944033.0
1975715.6
1025927.4
P=0.067
Conclusions: These results indicate that chronic stress may reduce total spontaneous wheel running in
mice, an effect opposite to that seen with acute stress.
54
Effects of Weight Loss and Exercise in Older Adults with Apnea
1
Dobrosielski, DA., 2Desai, D., 2Patil, S., 2Schwartz, A., 2Stewart KJ. 1Towson University, Towson,
MD, 2Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
PURPOSE: Examine the effects of weight loss on obstructive sleep apnea severity and markers of
cardiovascular disease burden in older adults. METHODS: Subjects >60 years were enrolled in a 3month weight loss diet plus supervised exercise training program. Overnight polysomnography was
performed and vascular function assessed using peripheral artery tonometry and expressed as reactive
hyperemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AI). Body composition was assessed using Dual
Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. Fitness was defined as peak VO2 on a treadmill. RESULTS: Fourteen
subjects (66 ± 4 years; 6 M; 8 F; BMI 35.3 ± 3.5) completed the study. Baseline values for selected
variables are: weight; 101.4 ± 14.5 kg, % total body fat; 42.4 ± 7.3 %, peak VO2; 22.3 ± 2.9 ml/kg/min;
Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI); 23 ± 15 events/hour and the lowest SpO2 observed during sleep
(SpO2low); 88.9 ± 2.6 %. At 3 months, reductions from baseline were observed for weight; -8.7 kg and
% total body fat; -2.5 % (both p’s<0.01), while improvements were observed for peak VO2; +4.0
ml/kg/min (p<0.01) and SpO2low; +1.2% (p=0.02). At 3 months, AHI fell by 6 events/hour, (p=0.03).
No association was observed between the change in AHI and weight loss. Decreased waist
circumference (r=-.56, p=0.03) and a reduction in AI (r=-0.62, p=0.02) were associated with improved
SaPO2low during sleep. CONCLUSION: The change in central adiposity, not weight loss, predicted the
improvement in OSA severity. Moreover, reduced arterial stiffness was associated with improved OSA
severity, thereby revealing a potential mechanism by which a weight loss diet and exercise reduce CVD
burden in older adults with OSA.
Research funded by P30AG021334, NIA, NIH
Interval Training: Its Effects on Resting Fat Oxidation and Body Composition in Recreationally
Active
College-Aged Females
Downs, A., Sauers, EJ., Davis SE., Witmer, CA. East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA
Interval training has become a popular training method among the exercise and sport field. It has been
shown to cause similar physiological changes to that of endurance training, but little research has been
done involving its effects on resting fat oxidation after a running, interval training protocol.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate interval training and its effects on resting fat
oxidation and body composition on recreationally active, college-aged females. METHODS: Eight
recreationally active women (20.4 years±1.3) participated in an interval training protocol for three
weeks. Subjects were tested before (PRE), and after the completion of the 3 week training (POST).
VO2max tests were performed using the Bruce protocol to determine baseline measurements. Resting
metabolic rate (RMR) was assessed to calculate resting fat oxidation (FAO) using the following
equation: ((1.67*VO2)-(1.67*VCO2)). Body composition was assessed using air displacement
plethysmography. The interval training protocol consisted of a 30 second maximum effort sprint
followed by a 4.5 minute active recovery, and was repeated a total of six times. Heart rate (HR) and
rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded after every sprint, as well as after each recovery. A
one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze data. Statistical significance was set at .05.
RESULTS: There was no difference between PRE and POST measurements of the following variables:
VO2max - PRE: (41.7mL/kg/min±1.8) POST: (40.3±2.2); RER - PRE: (1.2±.02) POST: (1.2±.03); RMR
- PRE: (.92±.03) POST: (.93±.03) FAO - PRE: (.028±.01) POST: (.027±.01). CONCLUSION: The
present study found that there was no significant difference in resting fat oxidation, or aerobic capacity,
after a three-week interval training intervention was implemented on recreationally active females.
Further investigation should be done to assess any physiological changes effected by interval training.
55
Microvascular Function is Reduced in Normotensive Salt-sensitive Individuals Independent of
Dietary Sodium Intake.
DuPont JJ, Greaney JL, Matthews EM, Lennon-Edwards SL, Farquhar WB, Edwards DG.
Purpose: The underlying mechanisms of salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) are complex and poorly
understood and may be due in part to impaired microvascular (MV) function. Thus, we sought to
determine whether MV function is altered in salt-sensitive (SS) compared to salt-resistant (SR) adults
during low (LS) and high (HS) dietary sodium conditions. Methods: Six healthy SS and 6 healthy SR
adults were studied (SS: 2M, 4F; age 48±4 yrs; SR: 2M, 4F; age 44±3 yrs). Following a run-in diet,
subjects were randomized to a 7 day LS (LS; 20 mmol/day) and 7 day HS (HS; 350 mmol/day) diet
(controlled feeding study). Salt sensitivity was defined as a > 5 mmHg change in 24-hour mean BP from
the LS to HS diet. MV function was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry to measure red blood cell
flux during local heating (42°C). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as RBC
flux/MAP and all data were expressed as a percentage of the maximum CVC (28 mM SNP, 43°C)
Results: 24-hour MAP increased in the SS group between the LS and HS diet, but was unchanged in the
SR group (SS: LS: 86±2, HS: 94±2 mmHg, p<0.05; SR: LS: 83±3, HS: 83±3 mmHg, p>0.05). Plateau
%CVCmax was impaired in the SS group on the LS diet (78±4 vs. SR: 92±1%; p<0.05). Plateau
%CVCmax was reduced in the SR subjects on the HS diet (p<0.05) but not in the SS subjects. There
were no differences in plateau %CVCmax on the HS diet between groups (SS: 82±5 vs. SR: 81±3%;
p>0.05). Conclusion: These data indicate that MV function is impaired in SS adults independent of
dietary sodium intake. Future studies are warranted to elucidate specific effects of MV impairments on
salt sensitivity of BP.
Supported by Grants 2 P20 RR016472-11 from NCRR and R01 HL 104106.
Validation of Bioreactance Non-Invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring in a Male College-Aged
Population
Elliott G, Weymers, R., Green, M., McConnell T.R. Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, Pa.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiac output (CO) and oxygen consumption
(VO2) regression formulated from a bioreactance non-invasive cardiac output monitoring system to
regressions previously published using other CO measuring systems. Methods: Nineteen college aged
males (23±2yrs.) who had no contraindications to exercise nor participated in physical activity greater
than 10 hours per week were recruited. Subjects’ average height was 179±9 cm and average weight
being 91±18 kg. The NICOM bioreactance and Parvo Medics metabolic cart measures cardiac output
(CO) and oxygen consumption (VO2) during incremented work rates on a cycle ergometer. Linear
slope and Y-intercept were computed for the CO/VO2 regression. The slope and intercept were then
compared to previously published regressions. Results:
Slope
Intercept
SD Slope
SD Inter
6.02
6.32
2.02
2.35
Bioreactance
5.08
5.37
Jones et al. 1982.
5.95
3.06
Crisafulli et al. 2005.
6.00
Rowell. 1994
Conclusions: Although not previously validated for healthy young men, Bioreactance appears to
provide a valid measure of CO in this population.
56
57
CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT ENHANCES SHORTENING REACTION IN PARKINSON’S
DISEASE
1
Falkenklous, J., 1Fluharty, M., 2Xia, R.P., 1Renshaw, D.W., 1Powell, D. 1 Neuromuscular
Biomechanics Lab, Fairmont State Univ., Fairmont, WV, 2Rehabilitation Science Research Lab,
Creighton Univ., Omaha, NE
PURPOSE: To determine the effect of movement history on aberrant reflex responses in Parkinson’s
disease. METHODS: Fifteen subjects with idiopathic PD had their wrist passively moved through a
60° range of motion by a servomotor at 50 °/sec using two movement trajectories. The NO PAUSE
condition was characterized by a continuous movement through 60° of flexion followed by 60° of
extension while the PAUSE condition was characterized by a one-second cessation of movement at
terminal flexion. Subjects were tested in the OFF- and ON-MED states. Surface electromyography
(EMG) was collected from the major wrist flexors and extensors (1000 Hz, Delsys, Inc., Boston, MA).
Surface EMG signals were rectified and smoothed using the root mean square with a 20 millisecond
smoothing window. Paired-samples t-tests were used to compare the means. Significance was set at p <
0.05. RESULTS: The NO HOLD trajectory was associated with significantly greater flexor EMG
amplitude (p=0.040) and EMG ratios (p=0.048) compared to the HOLD condition during the flexion
movement. No effect of medication was observed. DISCUSSION: Movement history does not
significantly affect reflex amplitude in PD. Methodological considerations may underlie the dearth of
changes in reflex amplitude.
Condition
Medication Flexor EMG Extensor EMG EMG Ratio
Off Med
3.3 (0.5)
2.9 (0.4)
0.86 (0.20)
PAUSE
On Med
3.2 (0.5)
2.8 (0.3)
0.80 (0.22)
Off Med
3.8 (1.3)
2.8 (0.4)
0.71 (0.18)
NO PAUSE
On Med
3.7 (1.0)
2.9 (0.4)
0.79 (0.21)
58
The effect of functional movement screen-based circuit training on balance and postural stability
Fischer, K., Stearne, D., Paul, K., & Leonard, R. West Chester University, West Chester, PA
Purpose: Deficits in balance and stability have been associated with increased injury risk and older,
relatively untrained, participants may demonstrate poorer balance than younger athletes. The Functional
Movement Screen (FMS) has become popular as an injury risk screening tool. Since training may
improve both FMS performance scores and postural stability, the purpose of this study was to determine
if a circuit training program designed to target FMS improvement over six weeks improves balance and
stability in older individuals. Methods: A pre-test, post test design was used. Eight healthy female
subjects (57.0 + 4.2 years) performed pretest measurements for static stability (anterior-posterior [AP]
and medial-lateral [ML] shear force range) on a Kistler Force Plate and dynamic stability (AP and ML
stability index) on a Biodex SD Stability System, before engaging in a 6-week circuit training program.
Subjects trained twice per week for 6 weeks (a total of 12 sessions, 30 min per session) with the program
consisting of 9 resistance exercises targeting major muscle groups and modeled after practical FMS
movements. A post test was then conducted on the same measures as pretest no more than 72 hours
after the final training session. Results: Paired samples t-tests were used (SPSS version 17.0) to
compare pre- and post-test scores in static and dynamic stability. Due to low sample size and relatively
low power, no statistical significance was found on any dependent variable. However, mean scores
improved 49% in AP and 12% in ML shear force range for static stability, and 18% in AP and 22% in
ML stability index for dynamic stability.
Stability Parameter
Pre-test
Post test
AP Shear Force Range (N)
62.5 + 52.9
32.2 + 12.1
ML Shear Force Range (N)
51.6 + 28.9
45.5 + 25.9
AP Stability Index
1.54 + .765
1.29 + .813
ML Stability Index
.738 + .526
.575 + .243
Conclusion: Results of this pilot study, demonstrating a consistent trend toward improvement in mean
scores over time on all stability measurements, indicate a basis for further investigation of the benefits of
FMS-based circuit training on balance and postural stability.
Can Standing Long Jump Distance be Predicted from Between-the-Legs Front Throw Distance?
1
Flott, A., 1Slonaker, K., 1Spratford, K., 1Meyer, B. 1Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA
Purpose: The standing long jump (SLJ) and between-the-legs front throw (BLF) are commonly used in
physical fitness assessments. Due to the similarity between the SLJ and BLF techniques, we hypothesize
that a strong relationship exists between measured distances in the two activities. The purpose of this
study is to assess the strength of the relationship between measured distances in SLJ and BLF activities.
Methods: Seven male and eighteen female undergraduate students participated in the study. Participants
performed three SLJ and three BLF trials, with the goal of achieving maximum distance. Males threw a
7.26 kg indoor shot, and females threw a 4.0 kg indoor shot for the BLF trials. For each participant, the
best performance (based on largest measured distance) was used for further analysis. In order to
determine the extent of the relationship between the two measures, the Pearson product moment
correlation coefficient “r” was computed. Results: For males, SLJ distances ranged from 1.90 m to 2.60
m, while BLF distances ranged from 6.5 m to 10.3 m. For females, SLJ distances ranged from 1.45 m to
2.20 m, and BLF distances ranged from 5.0 m to 11.2 m. The coefficient of determination between SLJ
distance and BLF distance was R2 = 0.49 for males and R2 = 0.35 for females. Moderately strong
correlations were found between the measures in the study; for males, Pearson's r = 0.70 and for females
Pearson's r = 0.59. Conclusion: Due to the moderately strong relationship between the SLJ and BLF
measures, the authors recommend that if practitioners do not have enough time to perform both SLJ and
BLF activities during a testing session, using either technique should provide a good measure of athletic
power.
59
EFFECTS OF MOVEMENT HISTORY ON RIGIDITY IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE
1
Fluharty, M., 1Falkenklous, J., 2Xia, R.P., 1Renshaw, D.W., 1Powell, D., 1Neuromuscular
Biomechanics Laboratory, Fairmont State University, 2Rehabilitation Science Research Laboratory,
Creighton University
PURPOSE: To quantify the effects of movement history on parkinsonian rigidity. METHODS:
Fifteen subjects with idiopathic PD had their wrist passively moved through a 60° range of motion by a
servomotor at 50 °/sec using two movement trajectories. The NO PAUSE condition was characterized
by a continuous movement through 60° of flexion followed by 60° of extension while the PAUSE
condition was characterized by a one-second cessation of movement at terminal flexion. Subjects were
tested in the OFF- and ON-MED states. Resistance torque and position were recorded simultaneously.
Rigidity was quantified using the integrated torque-position curve. Paired-samples t-tests were used to
compare the means. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: No significant effect of movement
trajectory was observed in Rigidity Work Score for the total movement (p=0.177) or flexion (p=0.441)
and extension components (p=0.300). Dopaminergic medication significantly reduced Rigidity Work
Scores for the total movement (0.021) and flexion component (p=0.027), but not the extension
component (p=0.687). DISCUSSION: Movement history does not significantly alter rigidity in
Parkinson’s disease.
Condition Medication Total area Flexion area Extension area
Off Med
9.4 (3.0)
4.7 (4.2)
3.5 (3.1)
Pause
On Med
6.4 (3.6)
2.2 (2.3)
3.2 (2.7)
Off Med
9.0 (4.2)
5.8 (3.0)
4.0 (1.4)
No Pause
On Med
4.5 (2.1)
2.1 (2.4)
3.1 (2.0)
Differential response to Tabata interval versus traditional kettlebell training protocol
1
Fortner, H.A., 1Salgado, J. 2Holmstrup, M.E.; 1Delaware State University, Dover, DE, 2Slippery Rock
Purpose: Time management may present as a major barrier to exercise participation. This study will
investigate the cardiovascular and metabolic benefits of a Tabata versus a traditional resistance exercise
protocol. Methods: Fourteen young (18-25y), healthy (BMI<25 kg/m2) participants reported to the lab
on three separate occasions. On the first visit, the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q),
along with resting measures (height, weight, heart rate (HR), blood pressure) and an incremental aerobic
capacity test were completed. All exercise testing, including the aerobic capacity test, incorporated
measurements of HR, oxygen consumption, and blood lactate accumulation. On their second visit
(TAB), each participant completed kettle bell swings (♂- 8kg, ♀- 4.5kg) following a Tabata protocol (8
intervals; 20 seconds maximal repetitions, 10 seconds rest). On the third visit (TRAD), the total kettle
bell swings from the TAB protocol were evenly divided into 4 sets, with 90 seconds of rest in between
sets. Outcome measures were compared using paired t-tests. Results: The TAB was completed more
quickly than the TRAD protocol (240.0±0.0 v. 521.5±3.3 sec, P<0.01), at a higher perceived exertion
(Borg RPE; 15.1±0.7 v. 11.7±0.9, P<0.01). As such, the TAB elicited a higher average VO2 value
(33.1±1.5 v. 27.2±1.6 ml/kg/min, P<0.01) and percent of VO2peak achieved (71.0±0.3 v. 58.4±0.3%,
P<0.01) than the TRAD protocol. In addition, maximal heart rate (162.4±4.6 v. 145.6±4.8 bpm, P<0.01),
and post-exercise blood lactate concentrations (6.4±1.1 v. 3.7±0.5 mmol/L, P<0.01) were found to be
higher during the TAB protocol. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that the Tabata
interval protocol, while time-efficient, also raises cardiovascular and metabolic parameters, such as heart
rate, percent of VO2peak, and blood lactate concentrations, to a greater extent than a traditional resistance
protocol.
60
Thermal and Fluid Balance in Competitive Cycling
Fox, N., Burns, D. DeSales University, Center Valley, PA
PURPOSE: Unlike in a laboratory, air flow during cycling competition is affected by the athlete’s
position relative to other racers. The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of
evaporative and conductive/convective cooling during race conditions. METHODS: Nine
professional or Category I male cyclists who competed in summer evening criterium races volunteered
to participate in data collection during a race. Prior to racing, the cyclist voided his bladder, and his
unclothed body weight was determined to ± 5 g. Heat flow was recorded every 5 s during the race from
two sensors attached to the left upper chest and back. Speed, temperature and humidity of the air
flowing past the rider was recorded every 5 s during the race by a miniature weather logger attached to
the bicycle handlebar. The weight of the cyclist’s dry clothing and hydrant bottles were recorded.
Following the race, the weight of the cyclist, his clothing, and remaining hydrant were recorded. The
rider voided his bladder and the weight of urine was recorded. Regional sweat samples were collected
from patches on the right upper back and chest for later analysis of electrolyte content. RESULTS:
Race time averaged 1:09:41 at a ground speed of 42.3 Km/hr and air speed of 25.1 Km/hr. Riders
averaged 1.704 ± 0.409 Kg (SD) fluid loss as evaporated sweat, equivalent to 3852 ± 923 KJ of heat
loss. Skin heat loss averaged 435.1 ± 116.0 W generating a loss of 1824 ± 496 KJ over the course of the
race. Evaporative heat loss was 67.6 ± 8.7 % and convective/conductive loss was 32.4 ± 8.7 % of total
heat loss. Total sweat loss averaged 1.96 ± 0.43 L carrying with it 2.00 ± 0.89 g Na+ and 0.29 ± 0.11 g
K+. Neither evaporative nor conductive/convective heat losses correlated with air speed, temperature or
humidity ( r < 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Despite moving through the air much faster than other
endurance athletes, racing cyclists still depend largely on evaporative loss in warm weather. Fluid loss
in excess of 2% of body mass occurred even in this relatively short race. Racers need to replenish fluids
during the race to prevent dehydration, especially in races of several hours in length.
61
A comparison of self-administered proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to static stretching
on range of motion and flexibility.
1
Gainey, K., 1Wicke, J., 1Figueroa, M., 1William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-administered proprioceptive
neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is more effective than static stretching for increasing range of motion
(ROM) in the hips, lower back, and shoulder flexibility (HBSF). Methods: Twenty-five college students
from the Department of Kinesiology (M=14, F=11), age 22 ± 3 years old, were randomly assigned to
either a static or self-PNF hamstring stretching group (2 x 40 seconds) on each leg for 6 weeks. Mean
and standard deviation for weight and height were 61.0 ± 4.2 kg and 166.2 ± 6.3 cm, respectively for the
females, and 78.6 ± 6.3 kg and 180.5 ± 5.3 cm, respectively for the males. A cross-over design was
used; after completion of the intervention, a week rest period was given before repeating the process
with the other intervention. Each leg was stretched separately by placing the heel on the seat of a chair
approximately 50 cm high. Self-PNF was performed by static stretching for 15 sec, contracting the
hamstring muscle by driving the heel into the chair for 10 sec, followed by 15 sec of static stretching.
The main effects from a 2X2 repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine if significant
differences existed between pre- and post-measures of hip ROM and HBSF (p<0.05). A 99% confidence
interval was used to determine if a change in the measures was different from 0. Results: After six
weeks of intervention, the PNF group gained hip ROM by 6.2 ± 6.6 degrees, whereas the static stretch
group lost hip ROM by 0.6 ± 4.5 degrees (p=0.001). Both the PNF and static groups experienced an
increase in sit-and-reach by 5.2 ± 3.3 cm and 2.0 ± 2.6 cm (p=0.007), respectively. Conclusion: Greater
improvements in hip ROM and HBSF were demonstrated in the PNF group after six weeks of
intervention when compared to static stretching. Due to the gains in ROM and convenience of not
relying on a partner, individuals are more likely to adhere to a self-PNF as opposed to a static stretching
program.
62
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WEIGHT LOSS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON CHANGE IN
BLOOD PRESSURE IN OVERWEIGHT ADULTS
1
Garcia, D., 1Davis, K., 2Tate, D., 2Polzien, K., 1Jakicic, J. 1University of Pittsburgh and
2
University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill.
Obesity and physical inactivity are associated with higher levels of resting blood pressure (BP).
Physical activity (PA) contributes 1-3 kg of additional weight loss compared to what is achieved with
diet alone and this added weight loss can further contribute to a decrease in cardiovascular disease risk.
However, there is controversy as to whether weight loss or physical activity has a greater influence on
changes on resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP. PURPOSE: To examine the association
between weight loss and objectively measured PA on changes in resting blood pressure in response to a
behavioral weight loss intervention (BWLI). METHODS: Subjects were 222 adults (age: 43.1±9.2 yrs;
BMI: 32.6±3.5 kg/m²; SBP: 118.4±12.9 mmHg; DBP: 77.0±8.7 mmHg) participating in an 18-month
BWLI. BWLI included recommendations to decrease energy intake to 1200-1800 kcal/d and PA
progressed to 300 min/wk. Weight, BP, and physical activity were assessed at 0 and 18 months. PA
was assessed objectively using an armband that provided minute-by-minute data for a period of 7 days.
Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was defined as periods of >10 continuous minutes at >3 metabolic
equivalents (METs). RESULTS: After 18 months, weight decreased 8.8±8.0 kg (9.6±8.5% weight
loss) and MVPA increased to 227.5±202.7 min/wk. SBP and DBP decreased 7.7±11.2 and 4.0±7.5
mmHg, respectively. Percent weight loss was significantly associated with decreased SBP (r=0.25,
p<0.001) and DBP (r=0.33, p<0.001). MVPA was associated with decreased DBP (r=0.22, p=0.001),
but not SBP (r=0.09). When both percent weight loss and MVPA were included in regression analysis,
only percent weight loss remained a significant predictor of decreased SBP (β=0.26, p<0.001) and DBP
(β=0.28, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Weight loss and MVPA appear to improve BP in obese nonhypertensive adults, which may reduce cardiovascular disease risk. When considered in combination,
weight loss appears to have a greater influence than MVPA on long-term changes in BP in this
population. However, MVPA has been shown to improve long-term weight loss, and therefore
interventions to reduce risk should focus on weight loss in combination with MVPA.
Support by the NIH (HL008840).
63
The Acute Effects of L-Arginine on Recovery and Resistance Exercise
Garcia, A., Hlasney, J., Frost, J., Braun, W., Sanders, J. Shippensburg University,
Shippensburg, PA
Purpose: To determine if acute L-Arginine supplementation improves recovery and exercise
performance. Methods: Six trained individuals (age: 21.5±0.8 yrs) participated in the study.
After determining one repetition maximum (1-RM) on bench press (BP) and leg extension (LE),
subjects performed three sets of BP and LE each at 70% of 1-RM to failure. Subjects then
immediately consumed either placebo or L-Arginine supplements (0.1g/kg BW). Subject
performed three more sets of BP and LE exercises. Number of repetitions from the exercise was
counted to evaluate performance. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Lactate
(bLa) were measured before, during and after exercise. A 2x2 ANOVA for repeated measures
was used to compare the results. Results: There was no significant difference in performance
between placebo and L-Arginine condition for either exercise. As expected, HR, SBP and bLa
were significantly higher after both exercises when compared to resting. However, no significant
differences were observed between conditions.
Lactate (mM)
Ex. Performance (Rep)
Placebo
L-Arginine
Placebo
L-Arginine
Rest
3.0±0.6
3.2±1.4
N/A
N/A
PrePost BP
N/A
N/A
35.7±9.9
35.3±10.1
Treatment
Post LE
9.5±1.3
11.2±2.6
30.8±11.6
31.7±10.2
Rest
4.9±0.8
4.5±1.3
N/A
N/A
PostPost BP
N/A
N/A
43.2±8.8
38.0±12.3
Treatment
Post LE
10.1±1.0
12.9±5.1
39.8±9.2
42.0±13.8
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that acute L-Arginine supplementation has no significant
effect on recovery between sets of exercises.
The Influence of Exercise Intensity on Post-Exercise Appetite Response
Gilson, T., Pamperien, C., Parmer, M., Clugh, J., Allen, M., Paulson, S., and Braun,
W.A. (FACSM), Shippensburg University, Shippensburg PA
Purpose: To investigate the effects of exercise intensity on blood glucose response and hunger during
recovery from exercise. Methods: Eight (male = 6; female =2), healthy volunteers (age=22.3±2.2 yrs.;
BMI=25.3±1.9 kg/m2) completed two exercise conditions performed at self-selected pace: 2-mile run
(Run) and a 2-mile walk (Walk) on separate days. Immediately prior to and following the exercise,
blood glucose (BG) and lactate (BL) were measured. Upon completion of exercise the subjects sat
comfortably for a 1-hr period over which time hunger was assessed every 15 min. Data were analyzed
using a 2-way ANOVA with repeated measures (SPSS v. 19). Results: Post-exercise hunger was
significantly elevated during recovery (p<.05), but no treatment effect was present. BL was significantly
increased by RUN; but BG was not different between conditions. Conclusion: A fixed distance session
of exercise completed under different intensities was not found to elicit differences in hunger sensation
over one h of recovery from exercise. It may be that a greater exercise energy deficit would produce
different effects on hunger.
Condition
Walk
Run
Time
(min)
35.9±1.4
18.6±1.1#
Post-ex BG
(mg/dl)
87.3±4.8
84.6±6.7
Post
Hunger
4.3±0.8
5.2±0.8
1h
Hunger*
6.5±0.8
7.3±0.8
*Different from Post Hunger (p<.05);#different from Walk (p<.05).
64
EXERCISE INCREASES UTROPHIN PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN THE MDX MOUSE
MODEL OF DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
1
Gordon, BS., 2Lowe, DA., 3Kostek, MC. 1Penn State Medical School, Hershey PA., 2University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN., 3Duquense University, Pittsburgh, PA
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal genetic disease affecting 1:3500 male births.
Mutations in the dystrophin gene lead to the loss of a functional dystrophin protein causing extensive
muscle damage thus reducing muscle function. Utrophin is a homologue to dystrophin, and its over
expression in mdx mice significantly alleviates the disease pathology. PGC-1 alpha activation increases
the expression of utrophin, and exercise increases PGC-1 alpha activity. Voluntary exercise in the mdx
mouse model of DMD reduces muscle pathology and increases muscle function, but it is not known how
this adaptation occurs. Purpose: Determine if voluntary wheel running exercise increases utrophin
protein expression in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Methods: Mdx mice
were randomized to either a control or voluntary wheel running exercise group. Measurements were
made after 12 weeks of treatment. Total utrophin protein was measured in the quadriceps and soleus
muscles by western blot. Total PGC-1 alpha protein content was measured in the quadriceps by western
blot. Results: 12 weeks of voluntary wheel running increased total utrophin protein content in the
quadriceps 334 ± 63% (p < 0.05) relative to the sedentary control group. Exercise did not affect total
utrophin protein content in the soleus relative to the sedentary control group. Exercise did not affect
total PGC-1 alpha protein content in the quadriceps relative to the sedentary control group. Conclusion:
Voluntary aerobic exercise may be a viable therapeutic modality to increase utrophin protein content,
decrease muscle pathology, and increase muscle function in dystrophic skeletal muscle.
The Effect of 28 Days of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Repeated-Sprint Ability.
Grazer, J., Azarelo, F., Moir, G., Sauers, E., Witmer, C. East Stroudsburg University, East
Stroudsburg, PA
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 28 days of beta-alanine
supplementation on the magnitude of fatigue, mean power output (MPO), peak power output (PPO), and
blood lactate accumulation during a repeated-sprint cycling protocol (10 x 6-second sprints interspersed
with 30-seconds of recovery) in active, college-aged males and females. Methods: This study was a
double-blind placebo controlled study with 9 male and 9 female subjects. Participants performed 10 x 6second sprints interspersed with 30- seconds of passive recovery on an electromagnetically braked cycle
ergometer with a standardized resistance of 70 Nm·kg-1. Two familiarization trials were performed and
then the pre-supplement baseline trial was performed. Each session was separated by 48 hours
minimally. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a placebo group or supplement group based on
gender and fatigue from the pre-testing trial. Subjects then underwent 28 days of supplementation with
either beta-alanine (6.4 g/day) or placebo. At the conclusion of supplementation, subjects again
performed the repeated-sprint protocol. A 2-way ANOVA with repeated measures on one factor (time:
pre to post) was used to assess the differences for mean fatigue, mean MPO, mean PPO, mean RPE, and
mean delta blood lactate (Δ HLA) values. The alpha level for all analyses was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results:
There were no significant differences for mean fatigue (group: p = .538, time*group: p = .431), mean Δ
HLA (group: p = .231, time*group: p = .092), mean MPO (time: p = .139, time*group: p = .214), mean
PPO (time: p = .131, time*group: p = .495), mean RPE (time: p = .102, time*group: p = .976).
Conclusion: The present study showed that after 4 weeks of beta-alanine supplementation (6.4 g/day)
repeated-sprint ability (fatigue, PPO, MPO) was not augmented, nor was the ability to buffer HLA
through increased muscle carnosine. This lack of difference may reflect the impact of other mechanisms
of fatigue (e.g. PCr depletion; central fatigue) or could be attributed to a lack of adequate buffering by
carnosine.
65
A Descriptive Assessment of Fitness, Weight Status & Health of Delaware State University
Students
Grimes,K., Jackson,E.M, FACSM, Shorter, A. Delaware State University, Dover, DE
Purpose: We conducted a descriptive assessment of the relationship between cardiovascular
classification, BMI, and chronic disease risk in university students. Methods: Participants (N=409)
completed a Tri-Fit assessment, the PAR-Q, and a health risk appraisal. The Tri-Fit assessment
evaluated blood pressure, %body fat, weight and height. Results: More men were classified as ‘above
fair’ for the cardiovascular classification than women (70.4% vs. 27.8%). Women were more likely to
be obese compared to men (25.1% vs. 14.5%). Diabetes risk level was directly related to weight and
indirectly related to cardiovascular classification. Only participants classified as overweight or obese
were in the high risk category for diabetes (9.9% and 31.7%). No participants with an ‘above fair’
cardiovascular classification were at high risk for diabetes compared with 26.8% of the ‘below fair’
participants. Stress and depression scores were more favorable in lower weight and higher
cardiovascular classification participants. Conclusion: Approximately half of the participants were
classified as overweight or obese. Cardiovascular classification scores were generally low, yet there was
still an indirect relationship with disease risk. Campus efforts to increase physical activity and reduce
overweight and obesity are recommended to improve the health of our university students.
Effects of Eccentric Muscle Work on Acute and Delayed Torque and Force Generation
Guy, J. and Braun, W.A., (FACSM), Shippensburg University, Shippensburg PA
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if eccentric repetitions performed at the end of a
lifting session would affect muscle torque production over 48 h of recovery. Methods: Four resistance
trained male subjects (22±2.8 yrs.; 84.6±10.2 kg; 182.87±4.5 cm) volunteered for this pilot study.
Following orientation to the isokinetic dynamometer, each participant completed two upper-extremity
training sessions (one serving as control (CON)), separated by a minimum of two weeks. Each testing
day consisted of 6 lifts, with 3 sets per lift performed at approximately 70-80% 1-RM. On the Eccentric
(ECC) testing day subjects also performed approximately 5 eccentric-only repetitions at 100% 1-RM
after the last set for each exercise. Torque and muscle soreness were assessed prior to each testing day,
upon completion of the lifting session and 24 and 48 h later. Torque was assessed at 60°, 120° and
180°/s. Results: Biceps soreness was significantly elevated (p<.05) at 24 and 48 h for ECC vs. CON.
However, no significant interactions were present for torque measures of the right arm at any velocity.
Conclusion: Limited eccentric repetitions do not appear to adversely affect acute or delayed torque
recovery.
Torque @
60°/s
CON
(N*m)
ECC
(N*m)
Soreness
CON
Soreness
ECC
Baseline
Post-ex
24 h post
48 h post
60.25±4.6
51.25±1.8
64.5±5.2
69.5±4.9
68.75±3.8
53.75±1.2
60.25±3.7
64.25±4.3
1.42±.82
2.45±.69
1.53±.59
1.58±.57
0.95±.52
1.75±.81
4.10±.98*
4.85±1.25*
*Different from baseline and different from CON.
66
Session, Segmented Session, and Acute RPE and Affective Responses to Self-selected Treadmill
Exercise
1
Haile, L., 2Gallagher, M., 3Haile, A., 1Dixon, C., 4Goss, F., 4Robertson, R. 1Lock Haven University,
Lock Haven, PA. 2University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR. 3Lock Haven Area YMCA, Lock
Haven, PA. 4University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Session RPE (S-RPE) and session affective response (S-AR) are post-exercise estimates of the global
acute RPE/AR experience rated soon after exercise completion. Recently, S-RPE and S-AR were
greater than the mean of acute momentary values (A-RPE, A-AR) rated during self-selected (SS) cycle
ergometer exercise. S-RPE/AR were representative of responses at either the beginning (S-AR) or end
(S-RPE) of SS exercise, but not the global exertional/affective experience (Haile et al. 2012). Purpose:
To compare S-RPE/AR with segmented session (SegS) RPE/AR, which involved rating session
responses for the first half of exercise (Seg1) separately from the second half of exercise (Seg2), for SS
treadmill exercise. Methods: Thirteen recreationally active subjects (7 M, 6 F; 20.9±1.2 yr) participated
in 2 treadmill exercise sessions. Session 1 involved a VO2MAX test during which RPE and AR were rated
at the end of each stage using the OMNI Scale and Feeling Scale, respectively. Session 2 involved 20
min at SS intensity. Grade was maintained at 1%. After a 5-min warm-up, subjects adjusted treadmill
speed. Readjustment of speed was allowed at 5, 10, and 15 min. RPE and AR were rated at the end of
each 5-min period. Following a 5-min cool-down and 15-min recovery, S-RPE, S-RPE-Seg1, S-RPESeg2, S-AR, S-AR-Seg1, and S-AR-Seg2 were rated in random order. The mean of Seg1 and Seg2 was
taken as the SegS value for each variable (SegS-RPE, SegS-AR). Repeated-measures ANOVAs were
used to compare: 1) mean A-RPE, S-RPE, and mean SegS-RPE; and 2) mean A-AR, S-AR, and mean
SegS-AR. Results: A significant main effect was observed for RPE [F(2,24)=4.40, p=0.02] but not AR
[F(2,24)=2.41, p=0.11]. Post hoc analysis revealed that S-RPE (4.6±1.7) and SegS-RPE (3.7±1.6) were
different, but both were similar to mean A-RPE (4.3±1.7). S-AR (2.8±1.8), SegS-AR (2.7±1.6) and
mean A-AR (3.2±1.5) were similar. Conclusion: S-RPE/AR provide post-exercise estimates of the
global exertional/affective responses to SS treadmill exercise. SegS-RPE/AR may provide additional
information regarding the perceptual/affective memory of different segments of previous exercise bouts.
67
Measuring the Effects of Pre-workout Supplementation on Resting Metabolic Rate.
Harper, R, Sodhi V., Torre A., Lafferty M., Delaware Technical Community College, Wilmington DE.
Purpose: Supplementation prior to exercise is claimed to increase strength, energy, and focus. This pilot
study was conducted to look for and measure a change in resting metabolic rate [RMR] upon taking a
common pre-workout supplement. Methods: RMR was measured using a Cosmed Quark PFT Ergo.
Subjects were tested in the morning following an 8 hour fast. The subjects were then given
supplementation and re-tested 20 minutes after ingestion. Results: Test subject 1 displayed a very
consistent increase in RMR following supplementation averaging +10.50% from baseline. Other
subject’s results ranged from negligible increases to +7.32% RMR from baseline.
Sex/Age Test1RMR Test2RMR Change %Change
Test1 HR Test2 HR
Subject 1 Male/22
13-Jun
2764
2994
230
8.32
70
109
19-Jun
1919
2149
230
11.99
61
61
3-Jul
2289
2545
256
11.18
63
70
(Chart 1: initial and post supplementation results on each day for subject 1.)
Conclusions: Ingestion of a pre-workout stimulant can increase RMR. The effectiveness of the
stimulant can vary day to day and person to person. Average overall increase in RMR following
supplementation was +6% from baseline. Increases in RMR can be partly attributed to caffeine's affect
on increasing blood plasma epinephrine which promotes glycogenolysis and lipolysis. Increases in these
processes result in an increase in ATP production and utilization, as measured by CO2 production.
Funding for this project was provided by NIH NCRR INBRE, grant to Delaware 2P20RR016472.
Muscle gene expression in Alzheimer’s disease following 12 weeks of exercise.
1,2
Holohan, J., 2Hassan M, 2Brangman S, 2Middleton F, 1,2Keslacy, S. 1Syracuse University, Upstate
Medical University, Syracuse NY
Effective strategies for preventing/treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) have become a public health
priority given the baby boomer cohort. Although there is no cure for AD, exercise is recognized as one
of the most promising treatments. Purpose: i) to evaluate the effect of exercise on cognition in AD
patients and ii) to determine if exercise regulates gene expression at the muscle level. Methods: Muscle
needle-biopsies from healthy-aged matched controls (HC) and AD subjects were performed pre and post
exercise intervention. Gene expression was assessed using high throughput whole genome analysis
(Affymetrix GeneChip). Cognition was evaluated with the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE). The
exercise program consisted of cycling 3 times /week for 30 min. at 65% of heart rate reserve. Results:
Microarray data from pre-exercise analyzed with MeV revealed 137 significantly different genes (p<.05)
between HC and AD subjects. Nineteen of these genes were closely linked to AD pathology. Post
exercise gene expression analysis showed 58 genes significantly different between pre and post AD
subjects (p<.05). Post exercise MMSE scores in AD subjects improved approximately 10%.
Conclusion: Subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease exhibit a specific gene profile in muscle
related to AD. A 3-month exercise program altered muscle gene expression and improved cognition in
AD subjects.
Research funded by NIH 5P30 AG034464-03
68
The Effects of Foam Rolling and Static Stretching on Flexibility and Acute Muscle Soreness
Howe, E., Lininger, A., Schlegel, L., Harwell, A., Paulson, S., Braun, W., Sanders, J. Shippensburg
Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of static stretching and foam rolling on flexibility and acute muscle
soreness. Methods: Ten active subjects (age: 21.2±0.6 yrs, wt: 74.4±8.9 kg, ht: 175.1±11.1 cm) were
randomized into two groups: static stretching for the right leg and foam rolling the left leg or foam rolling the
right leg and static stretching the left leg. On their first visit, subjects’ sit and reach and muscle soreness were
measured as baseline as well as 10-repetition maximum for leg curl. Subjects then completed three sets of 10
repetitions on standing leg curls. All static stretching and foam rolling were done for 30 sec on each leg and
then repeated for a total of 1 minute/leg per condition based on the group the subjects were assigned to. Each
subject then performed a sit and reach test to assess changes in range of motion as well as perceived muscle
soreness. Results: Method of treatment failed to show any significant difference between the pre and post sit
and reach test and for change in soreness (p>0.05). Although the data suggests that foam rolling had a greater
positive effect on increasing one’s flexibility and decreasing one’s pain, the differences were not significant
(p>0.05).
Condition
Rest
Foam
Rolling
29.1
+
11.0
28.1
+
11.8
Static
Sit and Reach (cm)
Post
warm
up
30.1
+ 9.1
29.1
+ 9.8
Post
exercise
Post
stretch
Change
in Pain
(cm)
31.0 +
8.4
31.6 +
9.4
0.8 +
1.2
30.1 +
8.6
30.7 +
9.4
0.5 +
3.2
Conclusions: These results did not support our research hypothesis that static stretching will be more effective
at improving flexibility. Further studies are recommended to confirm the effectiveness of static stretching and
foam rolling on flexibility and acute muscle soreness.
69
Groin Pain- Rock Climbing
Preet D. Joshi, UHS Sports Medicine Fellowship, Binghamton,
NY; Jake Veigel, Cayuga Medical Center at Island Health and
Fitness, Ithaca, NY
History: A healthy 20-year-old male avid rock climber with no known injury or trauma has
seven month history of dull, continuous 2 out of 10, non-radiating right groin pain. Pain is worst with
walking uphill and certain non-specific positions while rock-climbing. There was no back
pain; denied bowel or urinary incontinence; no numbness, tingling or weakness of lower
extremities bilaterally. He takes Motrin as needed with minimal relief. He no prior surgical history;
never drank alcohol, tobacco use or illicit drugs. He was followed-up three weeks later after getting
physical therapy for possible right HipAdductor strain. He continued to rock climb and can remember a
position that caused force along the right hip adductor that reproduced the pain. He felt minimal
improvement with physical therapy, now rated the non-radiating pain a 4 out of 10.
Physical Exam: Full active range of motion of the Back and Right Hip. Pain elicited with resisted
flexion and adduction of Right Hip. Negative FABER's and FADIR's test. Pain on palpation along
the Right Groin and Right Pubic bone. Right Hip Strength 4/5 with adduction, 515 with other range of
motions. Patellar and Achilles reflexes 2/2 bilaterally. Otherwise neurovascular grossly intact. Gait
was within normal limits.
Differential Diagnoses: 1. Right Hip Adductor strain 2. Right Femoroacetabular Impingement
3. Right Hip Labrum tear
Tests and Results: Right Hip X-ray within normal limits. Right Hip MRI showed Low grade Stage 1
Bilateral Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis, Bilateral Femoroacetabular Impingement, Degeneration
of anterosuperior Labrum with potential Non-displaced tear.
Final I Working diagnoses: Bilateral Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis
Treatments and Outcomes: 1. Check Liver Enzymes and complete Coagulation Panel (both within
normal limits) 2. Avoid Activities that elicit pain 3. Continue Physical therapy 3. Initiated Hyperbaric
Oxygen therapy one hour a day 4. Allow full weight bearing 5. Orthopedic Surgery consult 6. Followup 8 weeks with Hip MRI asses any improvement of femoral head avascular necrosis.
70
Wii Kinect with Seniors.. Summer Olympics 2012
Kalksma P., Drazich, B. Harris, W., Orsega-Smith, E. University of Delaware, Newark, DE
Purpose: Regular activity in the older population can assist individuals to remain independent. This
study exposed independent older adults to a variety of Wii and Kinect exergames in an attempt to
determine game preferences that would best lead them to regular participation. A sub-study was
conducted in the Adult Day Care setting. Methods: Study participants were active members of the
Howard Weston Senior Center (9 female and 3 male), ranging from 62-79 years of age. 75% rated their
health as good/very good. Participants completed measures of perceived physical and psychological
health. At the beginning and end of the six week period participants were administered an activity and
social support questionnaire and a series of physical activity tests (Berg Balance, Timed Up and Go,
Chair Stands). The participants played a variety of exergame programs over 6 weeks that mimicked
Olympic events, which included bowling, tennis, track and field, skiing, soccer, and dancing. Results:
Paired t-test showed significant improvement (p<0.05) in the Berg Balance over the 8 week period .
There were non-significant improvements in the appropriate direction for chair stands (Pre 10.91 +
2.95, Post 11.45± 2.84) and Timed Up and Go (Pre 7.34 ±1.26, Post 6.92 ±1.64). There were no changes
in subjective measures of social support and activity. Conclusion: Preliminary data suggests that
playing exergames can receive physical health benefits while having fun. There were significant
improvements in functional testing. Adult Day Care participants provided qualitative data that further
highlighted the importance of fun and social support in exergame participation. Exergames can be easily
implemented throughout older adult communities as a means to promote physical activity in an
enjoyable game format.
Research Funded: University of Delaware Summer Service Learning
Sex differences in The Hemodynamic Response to arm elevation
1
Kasprowicz, A., 1Tarzia, B., 2Davies, J., 3Casey, D., 1Heffernan, K., 1Syracuse University, Syracuse,
NY,
2
St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK, 3Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
The force of gravity affects blood pressure (BP) by influencing intravascular pressure gradients. Men
and women have a different BP response to challenges that alter pressure gradients such as orthostatic
challenge. Purpose: We examined the peripheral hemodynamic response to arm elevation as a means of
studying potential sex differences in gravity-induced changes in BP. Methods: Radial artery waveforms
were obtained using applanation tonometry in 20 men (age 27±2 yrs, BMI 25±1 kg/m2) and 20 women
(age 27±2 yrs, BMI 23±1 kg/m2). Arm position was maintained at either heart level or supported 14 cm
above heart level in a randomized fashion. Amplitude of the late systolic shoulder (P2) of the radial BP
wave was used as a measure of pressure attributable to wave reflections. A reservoir-wave separation
technique was used to obtain the arterial reservoir pressure (pressure generated by arterial capacitance
discharge). Results: Women showed a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (69±2 to
66±1 mmHg; p<0.05) and reservoir pressure (16.8±1.2 to 14.2±1.2 mmHg; p<0.05), with no change in
P2 (26.9±1.3 to 26.0±1.4 mmHg; p>0.05) during arm elevation. Conversely, men showed no change in
DBP (70±2 to 69±1 mmHg, p>0.05) while showing a significant increase in reservoir pressure (11.9±1.3
to 14.5±1.2 mmHg; p<0.05) and P2 (25.3±1.3 to 28.7±1.4 mmHg, p<0.05) during arm elevation.
Conclusion: Gender differences exist in the hemodynamic response to gravity-induced changes in
regional BP. In response to arm elevation, men maintain DBP possibly via increased pressure from wave
reflections and reservoir pressure. Women experience a drop in DBP and this may be due to reductions
in reservoir pressure coupled with inability to increase pressure from wave reflections.
Funding provided by the Burstyn Endowed Fund for Collaborative Research in Education at Syracuse
University
71
The repressors of mTORC1 signaling, REDD1 and REDD2, are induced in immobilized rat
skeletal muscle
Kelleher, A., Kimball, S., Dennis, M., Schilder, R., Jefferson, L. The Pennsylvania State University
College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
Purpose: Limb immobilization, limb suspension, and bed rest cause substantial loss of skeletal muscle
mass, a phenomenon termed disuse atrophy. In order to acquire new knowledge that will assist in the
development of therapeutic strategies for minimizing or preventing disuse atrophy, the present study was
undertaken with the aim of defining molecular mechanisms that mediate control of protein synthesis and
mTORC1 signaling. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral hindlimb
immobilization for 1, 2, 3, or 7 days or served as non-immobilized controls. Following an overnight
fast, rats received either saline or L-leucine by oral gavage as a nutrient stimulus. While under
isoflurane anesthesia, hindlimb skeletal muscles were extracted 30 min post-gavage, and analyzed for
the rate of protein synthesis, mRNA expression, phosphorylation state of key proteins in the mTORC1
signaling pathway, and mTORC1 signaling repressors. Results: Protein synthesis and mTORC1
signaling were attenuated 50% as early as 1 day following hindlimb immobilization and the response of
the latter to a nutrient-stimulus was attenuated. Potential repressors of mTORC1 signaling and/or
protein synthesis including p53, Sestrins 1 and 2, ATF4, and HIF1- expression, or AMPK and eIF2
phosphorylation were not altered following hindlimb immobilization. In contrast, expression of REDD1
and REDD2 mRNA was induced 50-200% and 400-600%, respectively, in parallel with the changes in
mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis. Conclusion: Hindlimb immobilization-induced disuse
atrophy results from attenuated protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling that are in part mediated by
induction of REDD1 and REDD2 expression.
Research funded by NIH grant DK-15658.
Impact of parental encouragement on perceived barriers to exercise
1
Kensinger, W. & 2Divin, A.L. 1Oswego State University, Oswego, NY, 2Western Illinois University,
Macomb, IL
Parents play a vital role in the development of a child’s physical activity (PA) behaviors. Research
indicates parental encouragement is associated with increased PA later in life. However the role such
encouragement plays in increasing PA levels may be influenced by the perception of barriers to PA
and/or the confidence to overcome such barriers. Purpose: To explore if differences exist in the
perceived barriers to PA in participants who did and did not receive encouragement to exercise from
their parents while growing up. Methods: Data was collected from a convenience sample of 424 college
students from a midsized university via an online survey measuring the expected benefits and barriers to
PA. Students were asked if their parents encouraged them to exercise while growing up. Results:
Participants whose parents did not encourage them to exercise found the following barriers significantly
more inhibitive than those who did receive parental encouragement to exercise: ‘I’m too lazy’ {t(1,
417)= -2.671; p=.008}, ‘exercise is boring’ {t(1, 416)= -2.779; p=.006}, ‘I get too fatigued by exercise’
{t(1, 417)= -3.485; p=.001}, ‘I have nobody to workout with’ {t(1, 416)= -1.990; p=.047}, and ‘I do not
know how to work out’(1, 416)= -4.833; p=.000). Conclusion: Identifying correlates of PA is important
in the prevention of overweight/obesity. Parental encouragement of PA in childhood may assist in the
reduction of perceived barriers to PA later in an individual’s life. It may also build self-efficacy to
overcome such barriers. Thus designing programs that (1) develop the “encouragement skills” of parents
and (2) increase self-efficacy to overcome potential barriers to PA during both childhood and later in life
may provide an unexplored avenue to combat overweight/obesity.
72
Chest Wall Injury -Weightlifting
Khan M, Pujalte GA, Departments of Family and Community Medicine, and
Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
HISTORY:
This is a 21-year-old male seen for chest pain which started 2 years prior to consult. He was
increasing weightlifting dips, bench presses, and butterfly workouts, when he started
having pain. He was feeling sharp pain over the manubriosternal junction, 6/10 in intensity.
The pain was aggravated by bench presses, butterfly workouts and dips, as above, and lifting
weights above his head. The pain was alleviated by rest but took several hours to go
away each time. He studies at the Culinary Institute of America in New York. When he
was in the kitchen lifting 50 pounds of bacon overhead, or taking off an overhead shelf, he
had pain 6-7/10 in intensity. Carrying tubs of food in front of him made his pain increase.
Pulling motions were more painful than pushing motions. He noted pain in the mornings
when he woke up if he slept on his right side. He found that if he took his chest out and took
a deep breath, the area of pain would "pop" and he would get some relief.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:
Normal shoulder range of motion exam. He had pain over the manubriosternal junction on
resisted forward flexion and resisted internal rotation of his left shoulder. He was point
tender over the manubriosternal junction, and there was a tender, palpable prominence
over this location.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES:
1.Costochondritis
2. Sternoclavicular joint injury
3. Pectoralis strain
4. Manubriosternal injury
TEST AND RESULTS:
X-rays showed normal cardiomediastinal silhouette and pulmonary vascularity, no focal
opacity in the lung parenchyma, no pleural effusion or pneumothorax, and no significant chest
wall abnormality.
FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS:
Manubriosternal injury
TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES:
We prescribed ibuprofen to take as needed for pain, and a Flector patch to use as
needed. We referred him to Physical Therapy, where he underwent dynamic
strengthening and a stretching program. He was placed on a foam roller for 5 minutes, then
instructed on strain-counterstrain techniques for the costochondral junctions and ribs. The
patient was instructed to do exercises twice per day. Modalities and manual techniques
were employed as well, and the patient was eventually discharged on a home exercise
program. Six weeks later, the patient had no more chest wall pain, even after participating in
yoga and weightlifting once again.
73
Juvenile Spondylarthropy in High School Athlete
Koba, Tim, Cayuga Medical Center; Getzin, Andrew MD, Cayuga Medical Center
HISTORY: A 14-year-old male high school baseball first baseman and catcher presented
with right gluteal pain that had been present for 7-8 months but that changed in intensity
10 days previously. He had an increase in pain from an unknown cause and rated his pain
at a 9/10 when he presented in the office. He was complaining of pain in the right glute and
ischial tuberosity that was exacerbated by sudden movements . He had been using an
exercise bike recently and had not been running.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Well appearing male in NAD
R glute pain on lumbar flexion with FROM, FROM on extension without pain. Positive
R normal except for some mild tenderness on resisted extension.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: 1. Glute Strain 2. Discogenic back pain 3. Hamstring strain 4.
Lumbar muscle strain 5. Spondylolysis presentation 6. Ankylosing spondolytis 7. SI joint
dysfunction
TESTS AND RESULTS: x-ray of LSP and R hip and pelvis WNL, MRI LSP showed L5- S1disc
protrusion with L4 pedicle edema, MRI oflower back and Right hip a few months later showed R
sacroiliitis, R cam impingement, marrow edema R greater trochanter, WBC 7.3, Hct 40, ESR 8, Creactive protein<0.5, RF <15, HLA-B27
positive
FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Ankylosing spondylitis
TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: On initial visit, patient presented with symptoms that
suggested discogenic back pain and upon MRI imaging this was confirmed. He proceeded to be
treated for the disk protrusion via initial steroid pills, anti inflammatories, and physical therapy
regimen. When his back pain persisted and started to get worse, further imaging showed the
sacroiliitis. He was then referred to a specialist for follow up treatment and was prescribed
diclofenac and prevacid. He was then started on Humira and was able to ambulate without a
cane and started to resume his pre injury activity level. He continues to be an active high school
athlete.
74
Serum sIL-6Rα Predicts Impairments in Cutaneous Nitric Oxide-Dependent Vasodilation in
Humans.
1
Kutz, J., 2Cannon, J., 1Kenney, W.L., FACSM, 1Alexander-Holowatz, L,. FACSM. 1The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 2School of Allied Health Sciences, Medical College
of Georgia, Augusta, GA.
Purpose: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development and plaque
destabilization by promoting inflammation. Soluble IL-6 receptors (sIL-6R) are capable of stimulating a
variety of cellular responses through trans-signaling including activation of inflammatory processes
inducing endothelial dysfunction in the vasculature. The aim of the present study was to determine if
sIL-6Rα was related to impairments in nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cutaneous vasodilation in humans
across a broad range of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations. Methods: In 19 men and
women, with a broad range of serum LDL concentrations (LDL: 75-233 mg/dl), skin blood flow (SkBF)
was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry during a standardized local heating protocol (42°C) to induce
eNOS-dependent vasodilation. After full expression of SkBF during sustained local heating, NOdependent vasodilation was quantified by perfusion of the NOS inhibitor L-NAME. All data were
normalized as a percentage of maximum cutaneous vascular conductance (%CVCmax = laser-Doppler
flux/ mean arterial pressure: 28mM sodium nitroprusside). Serum samples were analyzed for the
inflammatory cytokines IL-6, sIL-6Rα and TNFα using a customized cytometric bead assay. Results:
NO-dependent vasodilation ranged from 22 to 82 %CVCmax and sIL-6Rα values were measured from
13.8 to 31.6 ng/ml. NO-dependent vasodilation was negatively related to sIL-6Rα (R2 = 0.368,p= 0.006)
and to serum LDL concentrations (R2 = 0.328,p= 0.01). IL-6 and TNFα were not related to NOdependent vasodilation. Stepwise regression revealed that sIL-6Rα was the best predictor of NOdependent vasodilation. Conclusion: Both sIL-6Rα and low-density lipoproteins are independently
associated with impairments in cutaneous microvascular function. Research funded by NIH Grant
HL-089302-05.
Fitness Assessment of College Age Students Enrolled in a General Education Fitness Class
Kuznicki, J.M., McConnell, T.R., Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA
Purpose: Research on the physical fitness of college students has yielded mixed results. The aim of the
present study was to determine and compare health-related fitness rankings of university students
enrolled in a general education fitness class between sex and year in college. Methods: Participants
included 463 college age students (M=20.7, SD=2.64) from various majors and years in college.
Standardized testing protocols and procedures from the Health-Related Physical Fitness Assessment
Manual of the American College of Sports Medicine were used to assess health-related fitness. Results:
Men scored significantly (P < 0.05) greater for BMI, 12-min run and push ups. Women scored greater
(P < 0.05) for % body fat and flexibility. Freshmen scored greatest (P < 0.05) for push-ups while
sophomores and juniors were lowest for BMI. The greatest overall percentage of students was in the
“Recommended” category for %Fat and BMI. Over 50% of women scored “very poor ‘for the 12-min
run while 39% of men scored in the “Poor” category For flexibility and push-ups the greatest percentage
of students scored “Very Good” or “Excellent.” Conclusions: Overall, students were deficient for
cardiorespiratory fitness when compared to age- and sex-matched norms while scoring at least
“Recommended or Average” for all other health-related components of physical fitness. The low ratings
for cardiorespiratory fitness is consistent with previous published reports of decreased levels of physical
activity for college aged students.
75
Examination of Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index (BMI) in College-Aged
Students.
Larouere, B., Winters, C. Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA.
Purpose: The purpose of this investigation compared physical activity levels, sedentary time, and BMI
in college students who met and did not meet the 150 min/wk of moderate exercise recommendation.
Methods: Data on n=619 students who completed the Student Health Assessment Project (SHAP), a
cross-sectional survey of college student health was used for this investigation. Data was collected
during the Spring 2011, Fall 2011, and Spring 2012 semesters. This survey consisted of questions
related to safety and violence, tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use, diet, exercise, and sleep patterns,
sexual behavior, stress, depression, and perceptions about body image. Subjects’ height and weight were
measured to calculate BMI by researchers using a standard protocol in a private setting. Results: The
mean age was 19.29+1.47 years, and included 64% females, and 93% Caucasians. According to BMI,
43% of the sample was classified as being overweight or obese with a BMI >25 kg/m2. When assessing
physical activity, 64.5% of the subjects did not accumulate the recommended 150 min/wk of PA. It was
reported that 12.31+5.04 hours per day was spent in sedentary behavior including napping, lying, sitting,
and standing. All measures of physical activity were significantly higher (p<0.05) for those meeting the
PA guidelines. There was no difference in BMI (p=.315), nor total sedentary time (p=.403) between the
groups. There was not a relationship between moderate physical activity and total sedentary time (r=.042, p>.05). Conclusion: Although measures of physical activity were significantly different between
those who met or did not meet physical activity guidelines, there was no difference in the sedentary
behaviors between groups. Physical activity was not correlated with sedentary time. Therefore, when
estimating health risk, sedentary activities such as sitting, lying down, napping, and standing should be
measured independently in addition to the measurement of physical activity. Campus wide
programming should not only target increasing physical activity but also specific strategies to reduce
sedentary behaviors common on college campuses.
Regression models for strength assessment method selection and performance predictions.
Lefever, C., Anning, J.H., and Jensen, B.T. Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an objective approach for fitness professionals to
select the best assessment method when determining a client’s strength capabilities based on their
resistance training backgrounds. METHODS: Seventy college resistance training students (19 men and
51 women; 20 untrained, inexperienced group; 29 untrained, experienced group; 21 trained, experienced
group) completed the flat bench press using four strength assessment methods: (a) Trial and Error, (b)
Body Weight, (c) 10RM, and (d) 1RM. Students also completed questionnaires seeking their resistance
training background and descriptive information. Stepwise regression analyses used sex, body weight
[BW], and resistance training characteristics (status [TS], frequency [TF], intensity [TI], experience
[TE], bench press experience [BPE]) to develop models for strength assessment method selection and
performance predictions. RESULTS: The variables identified by the stepwise regression analysis
included in the strength assessment selection model were sex, BW, TS, TI, TE, BPE (r2 = 0.941). The
ability to predict strength performance for each assessment included the following variables for each
model: (a) Trial and Error = BW (r2 = 0.098), (b) Body Weight = Sex, TS, TE, and BW (r2 = 0.891), (c)
10RM = Sex, BW, TS, TF, TI, and BPE (r2 = 0.92), and (d) 1RM = Sex, BW, TS, TF, and TI (r2 =
0.905). CONCLUSION: These stepwise regression models can be used to estimate strength assessment
performances of clients based on resistance training status and experience. APPLICATION: Fitness
professionals will find the models useful when assessing clients prior to designing strength-training
programs.
76
VASCULAR CHANGES FOLLOWING EXERCISE-INDUCED HYPERTHERMIA
Lefferts, W.1, Hultquist, E.2, Heffernan, K.1, Fehling, P.2, Smith, D.2
1
Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 2Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY
The combination of hyperthermia and heavy exercise/exertion encountered during firefighting may
impair vascular function, increasing risk of sudden cardiac events. Purpose: To isolate the effect of
exercise-induced hyperthermia on arterial stiffness and coronary perfusion. Methods: Vascular
measures were collected in 12 healthy men (age 22 ± 3yr; BMI 24.6 ± 2.8kg∙m-2; VO2max 60.3 ±
4.44mL∙kg-1∙min-1) pre and post 100-minutes of intermittent exercise (3 bouts) in 2 randomized
conditions: hyperthermic (HYT; wearing personal protective equipment), and normothermic (NOT;
wearing a cooling shirt and weight equivalent to PPE). Results: Hyperthermic mean core temperature
was significantly higher than NOT during the third exercise bout (peak 37.82 ± 0.22 vs 37.21 ± 0.40 °C)
and into recovery (p<0.05). Measures related to coronary perfusion (subendocardial viability ratio,
backwards wave pressure) were significantly lower for HYT-Post compared to other times/conditions
(Table 1; p<0.05). No significant changes were found in arterial stiffness (forward wave pressure or
pulse wave velocity). Conclusion: Exercise-induced hyperthermia reduces indices of coronary perfusion
without affecting arterial stiffness.
Table 1: Vascular and hemodynamic variables pre and post exercise (mean ± SE; N=12)
NOT-Pre
NOT-Post
HYT-Pre
HYT-Post
Subendocardial viability ratio
208 ± 9
232 ± 13
200 ± 9
150 ± 11*
Forward pressure wave (mmHg)
33 ± 2
33 ± 2
33 ± 2
33 ± 2
Backwards pressure wave (mmHg)
16 ± 1
16 ± 11
16 ± 11
11 ± 1*
Pulse wave velocity (m∙s-1)
4.9 ± 0.1
4.9 ± 0.2
5.0 ± 0.1
4.9 ± 0.1
* HYT-Post < NOT-Pre, NOT-Post, HYT-Pre (p<0.05)
Supported by FEMA Assistance to Firefighters Grant program EMW-2010-FP-01992
77
Impact of PE Physical Activity Levels on Percent Body Fat: Examined against Healthy Fitness
Zone
Liu, W., Nichols, R., Zillifro, T. Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA
Purpose: To examine how two PE programs with contrasting moderate to vigorous physical activity
(MVPA) levels impacted students’ percent body fat (%BF) differently in relation to FITNESSGRAM
Healthy Fitness Zones (HFZ) during a three-year period. Methods: Participants were 96 students (46
boys) at a PE4life Academy middle school (S1) and 74 students (34 boys) from a same-area middle
school (S2) with a traditional PE program. Two schools were comparable in PE class time,
socioeconomic status, and race composition. The %BF derived from triceps and calf skinfolds was
assessed at the beginning of the cohort’s 6th grade (baseline) and the end of 8th grade (follow-up). Based
on the criteria of the HFZ for %BF, the cohort was grouped into at-risk or HFZ groups at the two test
points respectively, and changes in percentages of students in these groups across three years were
compared between S1 and S2. Paired-samples t tests were used to examine within-school changes in
%BF. Also, students’ MVPA in PE classes were coded for 43 lessons in each school with System for
Observing Fitness Instruction Time and analyzed with one-way MANOVA. Results: MANOVA
yielded a significantly larger percentage of MVPA time in PE classes in S1 than in S2, 64.28±7.65 vs.
41.7 ±7.38, p < .001. Paired-samples t tests indicated that S1 boys reduced their %BF significantly,
24.23±10.26 at baseline vs. 20.1±11.16 at follow-up, p < .001, but a significant increase in %BF was
found for S2 girls, 24.66±6.93 vs. 27.34±8.93, p < .01. Also, the number of at-risk boys in S1 decreased
by 26.6% and that in HFZ group increased by 12.9% across the three years, whereas S2 boys did not
change in the at-risk or HFZ group in number. As for girls, while numbers of at-risk girls in both schools
increased, S1 had a much smaller increase rate (10%) than S2 (50%). Conclusion: Relatively large
amount of MVPA in PE classes impacts positively on students’ %BF in relation to FITNESSGRAM
HFZ, especially for boys.
78
EFFECT OF AN ACUTE EXERCISE BOUT ON OBESITY-INDUCED CHEMERIN LEVELS
1
Lloyd, J., 1Zerfass, K., 2Holmstrup, M., 3Evans, K., 4Kanaley, J., 1Keslacy, S., 1Syracuse
University, Syracuse,
NY. 2 Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA. 3 University of
Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY.4 University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
Systemic levels of chemerin have been shown to be increased in obese individuals. Previous studies have
shown that chemerin may play a role in type II diabetes by decreasing insulin sensitivity. Purpose:
Explore the effects of an acute bout of exercise on chemerin levels in obese individuals and how these
results relate to insulin sensitivity.
Methods: We analyzed data and biological samples from a completed crossover study in which eleven
obese subjects (mean BMI: 33.8 + 4.0 kg/m2; 18-35 yr) were tested on two non-consecutive days under
two experimental conditions: sedentary and exercise. On both days, 10 ml of blood was drawn at
baseline and hourly for the next 3 hours (post, 1 hr post, 2 hrs post). The exercise consisted of a treadmill
run for 1 hour at an intensity corresponding to 60-65% of VO2 peak. Pre and post exercise levels of
circulating glucose were measured by a glucose analyzer, and insulin and chemerin levels were analyzed
using ELISA. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the change in chemerin from
pre to post intervention between the sedentary and exercise conditions (-8.9 + 94.4 vs. 8.2 + 68.7
pg/mL, p=0.65). There was, however, a trend towards decreased chemerin levels 1-2 hrs post-exercise,
with a 12% decrease from baseline two hours post exercise (p=0.06 compared to sedentary).
Conclusion: Although we did not observe a significant change in chemerin immediately following
exercise, these results suggest that an acute bout of exercise in obese individuals may elicit a drop in
chemerin below pre exercise levels later in the post-exercise period. Further research is needed to
investigate how variations in the intensity of the acute bout of exercise may affect chemerin dynamics, as
well as the type of exercise regimen necessary to elicit significant long-term decreases in circulating
chemerin levels.
Metabolic responses to high intensity aerobic and anaerobic exercises.
Mahoney, K., Beil, K., Messersmith, P., Parker, A., Jones, K., McCole, S.D., and McKenzie, J.A.
Department of Exercise Science & Physical Education, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare metabolic responses to different types of high
intensity exercise. Methods: Healthy, physically active females (n = 11) and males (n = 9) each
performed a VO2max test, Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAT), and 30 s of one-leg maximal isokinetic
extension and flexion (180 °/s) of the lower leg (ISO) on separate occasions at least 48 hours apart. Each
test was preceded by 10 minutes of quiet rest for measurement of baseline values. VO2, rate of perceived
exertion (RPE), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured throughout each testing period.
Finger stick blood samples were taken for determination of glucose and lactate during rest and
immediately post exercise. Peak values were analyzed for significant differences (p < 0.05) using
repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc testing with Bonferroni correction. Results: All data reported
as mean + SE. Participants averaged 23 + 1 yr, 19.8 + 1.4 %, and 52.9 + 2.3 mL/kg/min for age, body
fat, and VO2max, respectively. Although peak RER did not differ between the 3 conditions (VO2max 1.14
+ 0.01, WAT 1.14 + 0.03, and ISO 1.14 + 0.03), peak VO2 (VO2max 52.9 + 2.3, WAT 41.4 + 2.0, and
ISO 16.8 + 1.3 mL/kg/min) and lactate immediately post-exercise (VO2max 8.1 + 0.4, WAT 7.0 + 0.2,
and ISO 3.5 + 0.2 mmol/L) were significantly different between all tests. RPE at peak exercise (VO2max
19 + 0.2, WAT 17 + 0.5, and ISO 16 + 0.5) and glucose immediately post-exercise (VO2max 123 + 5,
WAT 95 + 2, and ISO 89 + 2 mg/dL) were higher during the VO2max test than during the WAT and ISO
tests, but these values were not different between the WAT and ISO tests. Conclusions: The metabolic
demands of a VO2max test are greater than a WAT or ISO test, and the metabolic demands of a WAT test
are greater than those of an ISO test.
79
Comparing The Effect Of Overspeed Training On NCAA Division III Lacrosse Athletes
Marlowe, N., Flanick, K., Rohrer, D., Burtnett, L., Kieffer, H.S. Messiah College, Mechanicsburg, PA
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare a short term (4-week) speed training program
using a specialized curved non-motorized overspeed treadmill (TM) with a traditional over ground speed
training program for improving sprint velocity and acceleration. METHODS: 17 male and 13 female
NCAA Division III lacrosse athletes participated in a four-week speed training intervention. The athletes
were randomly assigned to either a curve speed-training group (9 male and 6 female) or a traditional
speed-training group (8 male and 7 female). Pre- and post-testing consisted of measuring a 40-yd dash
with chronologic splits at 10, 20 and 40 yards. Each training regimen utilized various speed training
techniques; however, the curved TM group received training sessions on the curved treadmill whereas
the over ground group performed standard sprints on the ground. Training volume was matched for each
group. Group comparisons were determined by using 2 (group) X 2 (time) x 2 (gender) ANOVA with
repeated measures for each segment of the 40-yd dash. RESULTS: The main effect of group showed no
significant difference. The main effect of time demonstrated that following a 4-week speed intervention
both the traditional and curve TM groups regardless of sex were able to significantly (p < 0.05) decrease
their 10 yd sprint times. For the 10-yd sprint, men and women demonstrated a 0.14s and 0.24s decrease.
There were no interaction effects. CONCLUSIONS: The curved TM intervention was effective at
increasing the acceleration of athletes over the first 10 yards of a 40-yd dash. These improvements could
be due to neuromuscular adaptations and the functional aspects of the training regiment. This mode of
training could potentially be effective for athletes that need to rapidly accelerate over short distances.
Voluntary Wheel Running Augments Vascular Function in Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease
Martens, C.R., Kuczmarski, J.M., Lennon-Edwards, S.L., Edwards, D.G. Univ. of Delaware, Newark,
DE
Purpose: Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability contributes to endothelial dysfunction in chronic
kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Vascular uptake of the NO precursor L-arginine is attenuated in CKD, resulting in reduced substrate
bioavailability for NO synthesis. We sought to determine if 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running alone
or in combination with L-arginine could improve impaired vascular function in animals with CKD.
Methods: Twelve week old, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either 5/6 ablation/infarction surgery
to induce CKD or a similar SHAM surgery as a control. CKD animals were randomly assigned to either
remain sedentary (SED) or receive a 4 week intervention consisting of voluntary wheel running (RUN)
or wheel running + L-arginine (RUN+ARG). Interventions began 4 weeks after surgery to allow time
for the disease to progress. Animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after surgery and endothelial-dependent
relaxation (EDR) in response to acetylcholine (Ach; 10-9-10-5M) was assessed in isolated aortic rings.
Results: EDR was significantly impaired in SED vs. SHAM animals after 8 weeks, demonstrated by an
attenuated maximal relaxation (58.47% ± 6.1 vs. 97.28% ± 1.6, p <0.001) and a rightward shift in
LogEC50 (-6.54 ± 0.09 vs. -7.74 ± 0.12, p<0.05). Max EDR was significantly improved above SED in
both RUN (80.39% ± 5.3, p<0.05) and RUN+ARG (89.34% ± 3.0, p<0.01). LogEC50 was also
improved significantly above SED in RUN (-7.072 ± 0.10, p<0.05) and RUN+ARG (-7.198 ± 0.08,
p<0.05). Conclusion: 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running with or without L-arginine supplementation
significantly improved endothelial function in rats with CKD. These results suggest that exercise is a
potentially beneficial therapy to reduce CVD risk in CKD.
Supported by 2012 ACSM Foundation Grant
80
Does Eating a Meal before Testing Alter the Percent Body Fat Measurement Determined by
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis?
1,2
Masteller, B., 2Dixon, C., FACSM., 1Andreacci, J., FACSM. 1Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg,
PA, 2Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, PA
When using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to assess body composition, it is recommended
that clients avoid eating or drinking four hours prior to the test. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of
meal consumption on measures of percent body fat (%BF) using BIA. METHODS: Forty-four young
adults (25 women; 19 men) volunteered to participate in this study (age = 20.5 ± 1.1 years; body mass
index = 24.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2). Subjects had their body composition assessed using four different BIA
analyzers: leg-to-leg (LBIA), hand-to-hand (HBIA), segmental (SBIA), and multi-frequency (MBIA),
on two separate occasions. After an initial baseline %BF measurement, subjects consumed a selfselected meal (919 ± 215 kcals) or received nothing, which served as the control (CON). Subjects were
reassessed 20, 40 and 60 min following (POST) the baseline measure in each treatment condition.
RESULTS: Twenty minutes after eating, body mass (All analyzers = 0.7 kg, p < 0.01) and %BF (LBIA
= 0.9%, HBIA = 0.9%, SBIA = 1.7%, MBIA = 0.8%, p < 0.001) significantly increased above baseline
and remained elevated at 60 min POST. During the CON trial, %BF was unchanged (p > 0.05) at 20
min for each of the BIA analyzers except MBIA (0.5%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Eating a meal
prior to the assessment resulted in a significant increase in the %BF estimate for all four of the BIA
analyzers. However, the magnitude of change was relatively small (range = 0.8% - 1.7%), and therefore,
may have little practical significance when using BIA to assess a client’s %BF in a health and fitness
setting.
Funded by Lock Haven University Faculty Professional Development Grant
High Dietary Sodium Reduces Flow Mediated Dilation in Humans with Salt Sensitive & Salt
Resistant BP.
Matthews, E.L., DuPont, J.J., Greaney, J.L., Lennon-Edwards, S.L., Edwards, D.G., Farquhar,
W.B. University of Delaware, Newark, DE
Human and animal studies have demonstrated that dietary sodium loading impairs endothelial function.
Recent data suggests that this impairment may occur independent of a change in blood pressure (BP)
(i.e., in those with ‘salt resistant’ BP). However, a sodium-induced increase in BP (i.e., ‘salt sensitive’
BP) may amplify the negative effects of sodium on the endothelium. Purpose: We tested the hypothesis
that dietary sodium loading would impair flow mediated dilation (FMD) more in those with salt
sensitive (SS) BP compared to those with salt-resistant (SR) BP. Methods: Five SS (2 men, 3 women;
age 43±4 years) and 7 SR (3 men, 4 women; age 45±3 years) subjects were enrolled in a controlled
feeding study where all food was provided. The diet consisted of a run-in period (3-7 days, 100mmol
sodium/day) immediately followed by a two phase randomized crossover seven-day diet perturbation:
low sodium (LS); 20 mmol/day and high sodium (HS); 300-350 mmol/day. FMD of the brachial artery
was assessed on the last day of each diet condition. Mean arterial BP (MAP) was assessed using a 24-hr
ambulatory monitor. SS BP was defined as a change in MAP of > 5 mmHg between the low and the
high sodium diets. Results: By study design, MAP increased in the SS group during the HS condition
(LS: 83.0 ± 1.5, HS 90.2 ± 1.7 mmHg, p <0.05), but not the SR group (LS: 83.6 ± 3.0, HS 83.1 ± 3.1
mmHg, p > 0.05). HS attenuated FMD in both the SS group (LS: 10.5 ± 2.1%, HS 6.9 ± 1.3%, p < 0.05)
and SR group (LS: 12.8 ± 2.0%, HS 8.2 ± 1.2%, p < 0.05) with no difference between groups for the
change in FMD (SS: ∆-3.6 ± 1.4%, SR: ∆-4.6 ± 1.0%, p > 0.05). Conclusion: These preliminary data
indicate that a high sodium diet impairs FMD to a similar extent in SS and SR individuals, suggesting
that the effects of dietary sodium on vascular endothelial function may be independent of BP.
Research funded by NIH grants 2 P20 RR016472-11 and R01 HL104106.
81
Relationship of mechanomyographic amplitude to torque using a new accelerometer based
device.
McMahon, M.J., Mookerjee, S. Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA.
Purpose: Investigate the relationship of Mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude to isokinetic
torque at the biceps brachii and vastus lateralis, using a new sensor. Methods: 14 adults (7 men,
7 women) aged, 22.2 (± 2.6) years, performed 15 maximal, concentric elbow flexions and knee
extensions at three isokinetic velocities (60 deg·s-1, 150 deg·s-1, 240 deg·s-1) in randomized
order. Surface MMG was recorded from both muscle sites using a sampling rate of 2,000 Hz.
Group mean MMG data were regressed against isokinetic torque per repetition using polynomial
regression models (linear, quadratic, cubic). Results: Coefficients of determination (R2, *p <
0.05) for each regression model are depicted below:
Elbow Flexion
Knee Extension
Isokinetic
Linear
Quadrati
Cubic
Linear
Quadratic
Cubic
Velocity
c
60 deg·s-1
0.66*
0.76*
0.77*
0.74*
0.75*
0.83*
-1
150 deg·s
0.47*
0.48*
0.48*
0.48*
0.52*
0.52*
240 deg·s-1
0.05
0.05
0.11
0.24
0.24
0.36
Conclusion: Isometric or isokinetic step contractions have been previously used to investigate
the MMG amplitude and torque relationship. However, to our knowledge, this is the first study
to examine this relationship using standard recommendations for strength endurance training (13 sets, ≥ 12 repetitions). The relationship between MMG and torque is best fit by either quadratic
or cubic models. These results are consistent with previous investigations, which suggest the lack
of linearity is due to increases in intramuscular pressure and varied motor unit recruitment
strategies. Further, the declining R2 values across the isokinetic velocities can be attributed to
the force/velocity relationship. Exercise routines for strength endurance training produce similar
MMG responses as incremental static and dynamic protocols.
EFFECTS OF A TWO WEEK COLLEGE WEIGHT TRAINING COURSE ON BODY
WEIGHT, POWER, AND STRENGTH
McNamara, J. St. Francis College, Brooklyn Heights, NY
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 2 week/2credit summer semester
beginner weight training class on changes in body weight, standing broad jump power, and bench press
strength. METHODS: Eleven subjects, 7 males and 2 females were used in a one group pretest posttest
pre-experimental design. The workout program consisted of: aerobic endurance training, as well as free
weight and machine exercises for both upper and lower body.
RESULTS: T-test results showed that there were no significant differences in pretest and posttest scores
of body weight (t=.645(8), p=ns), standing broad jump (t=-.531(8), p=ns) and bench press strength (t=1.317(8), p=ns).
Dependent Variable
Mean Pretest
Mean Posttest
Body Weight (kg)
67
67
Standing Broad Jump (cm)
164
166
Bench Press (kg)
55
57
CONCLUSION: Two weeks of exercise has no statistically significant effect on changes in body
weight, power, or strength. The value of such an academic course must therefore be established by the
curriculum. Teaching students the principles of lifelong health, fitness and wellness is paramount.
82
Can Standing Long Jump Distance be Predicted from Standing Vertical Jump Distance?
1
Merk, L., 1Michael, C., 1Meyer, B. 1Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA
Purpose: The standing long jump (SLJ) and standing vertical jump (SVJ) are commonly used in
physical fitness assessments. Due to the similarity between the SLJ and SVJ techniques, we hypothesize
that a strong relationship exists between measured distances in the two activities. The purpose of this
study is to assess the strength of the relationship between measured distances in SLJ and SVJ activities.
Methods: Seven male and eighteen female undergraduate students participated in the study. Participants
performed three SLJ and three SVJ trials, with the goal of achieving maximum distance. For each
participant, the best performance (based on largest measured distance) was used for further analysis. In
order to determine the extent of the relationship between the two measures, the Pearson product moment
correlation coefficient “r” was computed. Results: For males, SLJ distances ranged from 1.90 m to 2.60
m, while SVJ distances ranged from 22.0 in to 30.0 in. For females, SLJ distances ranged from 1.45 m
to 2.20 m, and SVJ distances ranged from 13.5 in to 23.5 in. The coefficient of determination between
SLJ distance and SVJ distance was R2 = 0.59 for males and R2 = 0.20 for females. A moderately strong
correlation was found between the measures for males (Pearson's r = 0.77) but for females only a
moderate correlation was observed (Pearson's r = 0.45). Conclusion: Due to the moderately strong
relationship between the SLJ and SVJ measures, the authors recommend that if practitioners do not have
enough time to perform both SLJ and SVJ activities during a testing session, using either technique
should provide a good measure of athletic power.
PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE EXACERBATES MUSCULAR FATIGUE IN GAIT
1
Midkiff, M., 1Ryan, M.J., 1Reneau, P.D., 2Reed-Jones, R.J., 1Powell, D. 1Neuromuscular
Biomechanics Laboratory, Fairmont State University, Fairmont, WV, 2Stanley E. Fulton Biomechanics
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease associated with alterations in gait
mechanics and neuromuscular stability. No previous research study has investigated the effect of activity
on muscle activation in response to PAD. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the
effect of PAD on muscle activation in response to submaximal fatigue. METHODS: Five healthy
young adults, five healthy older adults and five individuals with PAD performed a ten-minute treadmill
walking trial at a self-selected walking speed. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the
vastus lateralis and medial gastrocnemius during five steps in each, the first and last minutes of the
walking trial. EMG signals were rectified and smoothed using the root mean squared with a 20 ms
smoothing window. Peak RMS EMG and median frequencies were calculated. Two mixed-model
ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc was used to determine the effect of group and fatigue on peak RMS
EMG and median frequencies. RESULTS: PAD was associated with significantly greater shifts in
median frequency in the vastus lateralis compared healthy young and healthy older adults. No
significant differences were observed in peak RMS EMG. DISCUSSION: PAD significantly affects
neuromuscular activation patterns in response to fatigue. Further research may address the effect of
exercise interventions on these characteristics of fatigue in PAD.
83
Body Image and Associated Behaviors Among College-Aged Students
Miller, E., Larouere, B., Winters, C., Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare mean body mass index (BMI) in college students
who were satisfied with body image versus those who experienced body image dissatisfaction (BID).
The secondary purpose was to compare BID to weight management behaviors and physical activity
levels reported. Methods: During the Spring and Fall of 2011, and Spring of 2012, 612 students
completed the Student Health Assessment Project (SHAP). This cross-sectional, self-administered
survey included questions related to a variety of healthy and unhealthy behaviors. Subjects’ height and
body weight were measured to calculate BMI by trained researchers using a standard protocol in a
private setting. Results: A higher percentage of women (56%) reported BID than men (14%), (p=0.000).
Men who reported BID had a significantly higher mean BMI than those who were satisfied with their
bodies (28.7±5.3 vs. 25.8±4.8 p=.004). The same results were found in women (26.6±5.8 vs. 23.5±4.9
p=0.000). Although 63.6% of students did not achieve 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each
week, there was no difference between body satisfaction status (p=0.566). The relationship between
weight management behaviors and BID are reported below.
Weight Management
Satisfaction Status (%)
x2
p-value
Behavior
No
Yes
(*p<0.05)
Diet to lose weight
80.4
55.2
40.943 (1)
0.000*
Skipping meals
59.6
47.6
8.575 (1)
0.003*
Exercise to lose
96.1
92.7
3.036 (1)
0.081
weight
Conclusion: Gender differences in BID exist in college-aged students. Significant associations between
BID and weight management behaviors to reduce caloric intake were present in both men and women,
however, no associations were found with exercise. Wellness initiatives targeting BID and increasing
exercise are warranted.
Validity of Using Functional Threshold Power and Intermittent Power to Predict Mountain Bike
Race Outcome.
Miller, M., Moir, G. East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA
Purpose: This study tested the ability of Functional Threshold Power (FTP) and Intermittent Power (IP)
tests to predict mountain bike race (MTB) finishing time. Methods: The work and rest durations for IP,
derived from race data collected from two cyclists in domestic and international MTB competitions,
were set at 45 s of maximal effort followed by 15 s of easy pedaling for 20 minutes. Eleven well-trained
male cyclists (age: 35.8 ± 8.2 yr; mass: 80.8 ± 13.4 kg) served as subjects. FTP was calculated from
95% of mean maximal 20 minute power normalized to body mass. The mean power of all work
intervals during IP testing was recorded as IP and was normalized to body mass. Following the
collection of FTP and IP in a random order, the cyclists performed a mass-start 17.4 km simulated offroad race to provide MTB time. Regression models were used to assess the degree to which FTP and IP
could predict MTB time. Results: Both FTP and IP were able to significantly predict MTB time (R2 =
0.74-0.79; p < 0.001). However, the prediction errors were less when using IP than FTP (273.5 s versus
303.6 s). Conclusion: These results indicate that while FTP may be an important indicator of MTB
time, IP was better able to predict MTB time and could so with less error.
84
EFFECT OF SAMPLING RATE AND MOVEMENT FREQUENCY ON APPROXIMATE
ENTROPY VALUES
1
Morgan, A., 1Radeski, K.J., 1Renshaw, D.W., 2Reed-Jones, R.J., 1,3Powell, D. 1Neuromuscular
Biomechanics Laboratory, Fairmont State University, Fairmont, WV, 2Stanley E. Fulton Biomechanics
Variability is an inherent component of biological systems and has been measured using a variety of
methods. Approximate entropy has been a popular tool to describe the variability of a system, but has
been suggested to be sensitive to both sampling rate and movement frequency. PURPOSE: The
purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of movement frequency and sampling rate on
approximate entropy calculations. METHODS: The continuous ankle joint angle was recorded over a
period of 30 s from 10 healthy participants during treadmill walking. The data were resampled at 50%,
200% and 400% of the original sampling rate and the movement frequency was simulated at 70% and
130% of the original movement frequency. Approximate entropy was calculated from the original data
and from each of the simulated data sets. RESULTS: Simulated sampling rates were associated with
significantly changes in approximate entropy values. The faster movement frequency was associated
with significantly greater approximate entropy values than the original data or slower movement
frequency. DISCUSSION: The current findings show that both sampling rate and movement frequency
significantly alter approximate entropy values.
The Relationship Between Body Composition and Baseball Performance in Division II Baseball
Players
1
Muth, B., 1Witmer, CA., 1Davis, SE., 1Guers, J. 1East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA
PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between body composition,
specifically percent body fat (%BF) and percent lean body mass (%LBM), and both performance tests
(Agility T-Test, Vertical Jump, Medicine Ball Toss, 30-yard Sprint, and 1-Mile Run) and in-game
performance measures (Batting Average, On-Base Percentage, Slugging Percentage, and Total Bases) in
collegiate baseball athletes. METHODS: Twelve male Division II collegiate baseball athletes (Age:
19.8 ± 1.32 years, Mass: 91.08 ± 16.29 kg, %BF: 15.87 ± 6.34, %LBM: 84.13 ± 6.34) volunteered to
participate in this study. Body composition measurements were collected pre- and post-season using air
displacement plethysmography. Performance test data was collected during the post-season, while ingame performance measures were collected by researchers via the university's Sports Information
Director. RESULTS: No significant change was found in body composition pre- to post-season (F =
0.07, p = 0.794). Of all the variables evaluated, only the time results of the Agility T-Test (r = 0.667, p
= 0.035), 30-yard Sprint (r = 0.669, p = 0.034), and 1-Mile Run (r = 0.697, p = 0.037) demonstrated a
significant positive correlation with post-season %BF. Simply stated, times for each of the variables
increased as %BF increased. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study suggest the importance of
addressing body composition within baseball training goals, since a more favorable body composition
(higher %LBM, lower %BF) was associated with better performances on several tests commonly used to
assess performance potential in collegiate baseball players.
85
Gender-specific Equations for Predicting Maximal Heart Rate in Exercise Stress Testing
1
Nagle, T., 1Godlasky, E., 1Weber-Peters, S., 1Bradford, R., 1Miller, N., 1Lott, M. 1The Penn State
University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Hershey, PA.
PURPOSE: To compare the commonly used maximal heart rate (HRmax) prediction equation to the
newer gender-specific equations in the clinical setting. METHODS: This retrospective study randomly
reviewed 1,233 exercise treadmill tests (stress echocardiograms and exercise tolerance tests) done
between 2010 and 2012. A total of 516 participants’ (266 men, 250 women) met the inclusion criteria
and did not have coronary artery disease, congenital heart disease, a pacemaker, or beta-blocker
medication. Data analysis included repeated measures ANOVA and linear regression using P<0.05 for
significance. RESULTS: The majority (85%) of the stress tests were stress echocardiograms with chest
pain (63%) as the main indicator for the test. The mean age was 53 yrs ± 1 (range 18-91yrs) and 52 yrs ±
1 (range 18-86 yrs) for men and women, respectively. Our generated gender-specific HRmax prediction
equation for men (212-.94(age)) was similar to the commonly used Fox (1971) prediction equation (220age) than the prediction equations by Tanaka (2001) and Inbar (1994). However for women, our genderspecific HRmax prediction equation (205-.85(age)) was similar to Gulati’s (2010) prediction equation
(206-.88(age)) than the Fox or Tanaka equations. The exercise treadmill tests revealed that 4.6% of the
total tests were positive and 6.3% of the total tests were non-diagnostic. In examining the percentage of
men and women who were unable to achieve 85% HRmax by the Fox or gender-specific equations, we
showed a two- fold increase of non-diagnostic tests for men using the Tanaka and Inbar equations
compared to the Fox equation (7.8%, 7.8%, and 3.1%, respectively). For women who were unable to
achieve 85% HRmax, Tanaka’s equation showed a two-fold increase of non-diagnostic tests compared
to the Fox and Gulati equations (8.0%, 4.6%, and 5.0%, respectively). DISCUSSION: We concluded
that the use of a gender-specific exercise HRmax prediction equation for women needs to be highly
considered in the clinical hospital setting.
86
Effects of Creatine Monohydrate vs. Creatine Hydrochloride on Muscle Endurance Performance.
Naylor, K., Albright, C., Liggitt, C., Kolenc, A., Robinson, R., Braun, W., Sanders, J. Shippensburg
Purpose: To compare the effects of creatine monohydrate (MH) to creatine hydrochloride (HCl) on
muscular endurance performance. Methods: Eighteen male and female active individuals (age: 21±4
yrs, ht: 172.0±0.9 cm, wt: 72.3±14.9 kg) participate in the study. Subjects were randomly assigned into
three groups: MH (20g/day MH), HCl (2g/day HCl+18g/day maltodextrin), and control (C) (20g/day
maltodextrin). On day 1, subjects completed a 1-repetition maximum (RM) test for the squat and bench
press exercise. On their second visit, subjects performed the same two exercises at 75% of 1-RM to
failure (1:1 sec eccentric/concentric ratio). Subjects then supplemented with assigned treatment for one
week. After a week, subjects performed the same exercise as the baseline. A 3x2 ANOVA for repeated
measures was used to compare pre and post exercise performance by treatment. Results: The number of
repetitions performed was significantly higher during post-test when compared to pre-test in all groups
(p<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between groups for either exercise.
Group
MH
(rep)
HCL
(rep
C
(rep)
Pretest
24.8
±
8.1
19.8
±
5.8
20.4
±
4.9
Bench Press Repetitions
Post%
test
Change
25.8
4.0%
± 5.1
23.8
± 7.6
20%
22.0
± 7.6
8%
Pretest
25.9
±
12.6
28.8
±
10.0
27.6
±
8.8
Squat Repetitions
Post%
test
Change
36.0
43%
±
17.1
41.8
45%
±
13.1
33.2
20%
±
11.5
Conclusion: Short term supplementation of MH or HCl shows no significant effect on muscular
endurance performance.
87
The Effects of Caffeine on Maximal Anaerobic Exercise
Ogden, K., Haak, J., Kieffer, S., Marlow, N. Messiah College, Mechanicsburg, PA.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeine on a maximal anaerobic
capacity exercise protocol using the 90-second Wingate Test (WAnT90). METHODS: Ten
anaerobically conditioned caffeine-naïve males (age =20.3+ 0.9 yr) participated in a randomized
counterbalanced double blind study. Subjects performed a 2-min warm up on a Monarch bicycle
ergometer one hour after ingesting caffeine (5mg/kg body mass) or placebo. Following a warm-up
participants completed a WAnT90 protocol using a constant resistance throughout the test (0.05g/kg
body mass). Pedal revolutions were counted and recorded every 5 s throughout the 90 s test. Power (W)
was calculated based on load and pedal revolutions, and fatigue was calculated based on decline in
power. Statistical analysis was completed using paired t-tests comparing peak power (PP), total power
(TP), total power during first 30-s (TP30) total power during second thirty seconds (TP60), total power
during third thirty seconds (TP90) and power decline for total work, 30-s, 60-s, and 90-s (PDT, PD30, 60, -90, respectively). RESULTS: There were no significant (p≤0.05) differences in any variables tested
including TP (7424.78 + 903.05; 7254.37 + 766.16), PP (756.15 + 138.56; 754.68 + 124.65) PDT%
(68.27 + 7.71; 66.21 + 7.14) between the placebo and caffeine group respectively. CONCLUSION: We
have previously shown beneficial effects of caffeine for total power and power decline when habitual
caffeine-users were tested (Hendricks, 2012). Comparison of the two studies suggests there may be a
learning effect of caffeine and is an area of interest for further research.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO HIGH INTENSITY AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC EXERCISES.
Parker, A., Messersmith, P., Beil, K., Mahoney, K., Jones, K., McKenzie, J.A., and McCole, S.D.
Department of Exercise Science & Physical Education, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD
Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to compare the cardiovascular responses to different
types of high intensity exercise. Methods: Healthy, physically active females (n = 11) and males (n = 9)
each performed a VO2max test, Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAT), and 30 s of one-leg maximal isokinetic
extension and flexion (180 °/s) of the lower leg (ISO) at least 48 hours apart. Each test was preceded by
10 minutes of quiet rest for measurement of baseline values. Cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV),
and heart rate (HR) were measured every 10 s using impedance cardiography. Blood pressure was
measured immediately at the end of test. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and total peripheral resistance
(TPR) were calculated using standard formula. Peak values were analyzed for significant differences (p
< 0.05) using repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc testing with Bonferroni correction. Results: All
data reported as mean + SE. Participants averaged 23 + 1 yr, 19.8 + 1.4 %, and 52.9 + 2.3 mL/kg/min
for age, body fat, and VO2max, respectively.
Test
Q
(L/min)
HR
(bpm)
SV
(mL)
VO2max
19.5 +
1.0
16.8 +
1.0
14.6 +
1.0*#
193 +
2
169 +
3*
151 +
3*#
105.8
+ 5.8
99.3
+ 5.5
96.0
+ 5.8
WAT
ISO
MAP
(mm
Hg)
109 +
2
101 +
3*
102 +
3*
TPR
(dynes/s/cm5
)
473 + 27
523 + 40
605 + 41*
All data reported as mean + SE. * significantly different from VO2max test, # significantly different from
WAT
Conclusion: ISO does not impose a similar CV load as VO2max or WAT testing.
Research supported by the McDaniel College Student-Faculty Collaborative Summer Research Fund
88
Relationships between peak oxygen uptake and arterial function: a preliminary study.
Pearman, M., DeVallance, E., Fournier, S., Bonner, D., Warden, B.E., Gharib, W., Donley, D.,
Chantler, P. West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
INTRODUCTION: Aerobic fitness, as measured by VO2peak, is a well-validated predictor of morbidity
and mortality in healthy individuals and those with cardiovascular disease. Resting arterial function, as
indicated by carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV: arterial stiffness), and arterial structure as
indicated by intima-media thickness (IMT), and carotid diameter (Dc), are correlated to cardiovascular
risk. As alterations in arterial health likely impact aerobic capacity, identifying arterial parameters that
predict cardiovascular fitness are necessary; however, this relationship has not been fully investigated.
PURPOSE: This preliminarily cross-sectional study examined the relationship between relative peak
VO2 and resting arterial function of 51 subjects without overt cardiovascular disease (CVD) (mean age
44.9 ± 11.6). METHODS: VO2peak was assessed using a staged graded exercise test on a semirecumbent bicycle until volitional fatigue. cfPWV was measured with Applanation tonometry; IMT and
Dc were measured with B mode ultrasound. To account for individual differences in CVD risk each
individual was assigned a metabolic risk score based on their age, sex, blood pressure, BMI,
triglycerides, HDL, and glucose. RESULTS: Univariate regression models indicated that VO2peak is
significantly related to cfPWV [r = -0.43, p = 0.002], IMT [r = -0.46, p = 0.001], and Dc [r = -0.30, p =
0.035]. For multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, and metabolic risk scores, VO2peak remained
significantly related to cfPWV [r = -0.29, p = 0.036], IMT [r = -0.32, p = 0.012], and Dc [r = -0.25, p =
0.037]. CONCLUSION: Preliminary data suggest that peak oxygen uptake is independently correlated
with arterial health in populations free of overt CVD. These results suggest that improving peak oxygen
uptake may have a favorable effect on arterial function and vice versa.
Research funded in part by the American Heart Association 11CRP7370056 and National Heart, Lung,
Blood Institute T32- HL090610
89
Comparing Physiological Responses While Walking on a Standard Motorized Treadmill and
Curve Treadmill
Phipps, J., Miller, S., Voran S., Lister, M., Kieffer, H.S. Messiah College, Grantham, PA
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses between exercise on
a motorized treadmill (TM) and the Curve treadmill at similar Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE).
METHODS: Twenty-one (10 males and 11 females, age = 20.8±0.87 and 19.8±1.03 years,
respectively) recreationally active subjects participated in a randomized and counterbalanced
comparative study. Following a familiarization protocol, the subjects underwent one session on either
the TM or Curve that consisted of a 1-2-minute warm-up followed by a 15 minute exercise session at a
self-selected pace that corresponded to a 13 on the 6-20 Borg Scale. VO2, VE, and RER were collected
via breath-by-breath analysis while heart rate (HR) and RPE were collected at intervals during the
exercise session. The same protocol was repeated on the second modality after a minimum of 24 hours.
A two-way ANOVA was performed on each variable, and a paired t-test was conducted, comparing total
calories burned for each modality. RESULTS: The main effect of condition was significantly higher
for HR and VO2 on Curve. The main effect of time was not significant for any variable. There were no
interaction effects. Caloric expenditure was significantly higher for Curve for total work performed
during the exercise session.
Motorized (TM)
Curve
*p>0.001
Heart Rate
(bpm)
114.2±17.4
150.8±18.0*
VO2
(ml/kg/min)
18.1±11.3
27.4±5.1*
RER
0.93±0.08
0.94±0.07
Caloric Expenditure
(kCal)
87.4±26.4
143.0±33.3*
CONCLUSION: While working at a similar perceived exertion, the subjects elicited a higher HR and
VO2 on the curve compared to the standard treadmill. In addition, exercise on the Curve treadmill
produced a 61.1% increase in caloric expenditure.
90
Unhealthy Behaviors and the Relationship to Body Mass Index (BMI) in College Students
Popivchak, J., Larouere, B., Winters, C. Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between a variety of unhealthy
behaviors and BMI in male and female college students. Methods: During the Spring and Fall 2011, and
Spring 2012 semesters 693students completed the Student Health Assessment Project (SHAP). This
cross-sectional self-administered survey included questions related to a variety of healthy and unhealthy
behaviors. Subjects’ height and body weight were measured to calculate BMI by trained researchers
using a standard protocol in a private setting. Results: Significant associations were found between
unhealthy BMI (>25kg/m2) and selected unhealthy behaviors.
Associations between BMI
and Unhealthy Behaviors
Behaviors
Males and Females
Females n=448
Males n=244
Smoking
x2= 4.484(1) p= 0.034*
x2= 5.057(1) p= 0.025*
x2= 0.165(1) p= 0.685
Binge Drinking
x2= 0.004(1) p= 0.950
x2= 0.031(1) p= 0.861
x2= 0.430(1) p= 0.512
Inadequate PA
x2= 0.340(1) p=0.560
x2= 0.085(1) p= 0.771
x2= 0.527(1) p= 0.468
2
2
Over Eating
x = 0.992(1) p= 0.319
x = 3.97(1) p= 0.046*
x2= 4.56(1) p= 0.033*
2
2
Inadequate Sleep
x =1.093(1) p=0.296
x = 2.434(1) p= 0.119
x2= 0.297(1) p= 0.586
*p<0.05
Conclusion: For the total sample of males and females, a statistically significant association was found
between elevated BMI and smoking. Among females, there were statistically significant associations
between elevated BMI and smoking, as well as elevated BMI and over eating. Among males, there was
a statistically significant association between elevated BMI and over eating. Identifying potential
behaviors and gender differences to elevated BMI values may provide appropriate avenues for wellness
programming efforts geared toward college students.
INCREASED MOVEMENT VELOCITY DOES NOT ENHANCE SHORTENING REACTION
IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE
1,2
Powell, D., 2Muthumani, A., 2Xia, R.P. 1Neuromuscular Biomechanics Laboratory, Fairmont State
University, Fairmont, WV, 2Rehabilitation Science Research Laboratory, Creighton University, Omaha,
NE
Lead-pipe rigidity is a cardinal symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has been suggested that this
rigidity is composed in part by a combination of exaggerated stretch reflexes and enhanced shortening
reactions. The neurons mediating the shortening reaction remain unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of
this study was to quantify the effect of movement velocity on the shortening reaction in individuals with
PD. METHODS: Eighteen individuals with PD had their wrist passively moved through a 60° range of
motion (30° flexion, 30° extension) by a servomotor at velocities of 50 °/s and 280 °/s. Surface
electromyography (EMG) was collected from the major wrist flexors and extensors (1000 Hz, Delsys,
Inc., Boston, MA). A repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the effects of movement
velocity on shortening reaction. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The 280 °/s was not
associated with significant changes in EMG of the shortened muscles during the passive wrist flexion
and extension (50 °/s: 1.47 ± 0.80; 280 °/s: 1.45 ± 0.72; p = 0.586). DISCUSSION: Movement velocity
did not enhance the magnitude of the shortening reaction. These data suggest that the shortening reaction
is mediated by type II afferent neurons rather than type Ia afferent neurons.
91
The Effects of Interval Training on Pitching Performance of NCAA Division II Baseball Pitchers
Rabena, R., Davis, S., Witmer, C., Guers, J. East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA
Introduction: Traditionally, baseball pitchers in-season conditioning has mainly consisted of steady
state exercise. Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of interval training (IT) and steady state exercise
(SSE) on pitching performance in collegiate division II baseball pitchers. Subjects: 13 NCAA Division
II baseball pitchers were randomly assigned into SSE and IT groups. Methods: Subjects were tested on
pitching specific measures such as pitching velocity, and WHIP (walks, hits per inning pitched).
Performance tests included fatigue index, one-mile run, and muscle soreness/readiness scale. Subjects
were tested pre, mid and post season. Results: No significant difference (p>0.05) between post one
mile run, fatigue index, pitching velocity and WHIP between the groups. A strong trend (p= 0.07) was
found with the SSE group presenting with more soreness then the IT group. Conclusion: SSE has been
the norm for baseball pitchers. However, after this research it was not conclusively demonstrated that
collegiate baseball players should perform SSE training in-season. SSE led to more reported soreness
with no additional benefits of SSE over IT.
APPROXIMATE ENTROPY MEASURES REVEAL NO BILATERAL ASYMMETRY IN THE
STABILITY OF THE NEUROMUSCULAR PROGRAM IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE.
1
Radeski, K.J., 1Renshaw, D.W. 2Reed-Jones, R.J., 1Powell, D. 1Neuromuscular Biomechanics
Laboratory, Fairmont State University, Fairmont, WV, 2Stanley E. Fulton Biomechanics Laboratory,
Univ. of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX
Motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) commonly present asymmetrically. This suggests that the
organization of the descending motor signals are unilaterally affected initially. However, no previous
study has directly investigated the bilateral stability of the motor program. PURPOSE: The purpose of
this study was to investigate bilateral asymmetry within the stability of the motor program in PD.
METHODS: Five individuals with PD performed two 30-second treadmill walking trials at 0.8 m/s
while three-dimensional kinematics were recorded (240 Hz, ViconPEAK,Oxford, UK). Lower extremity
joint angles were calculated using Visual 3D (C-Motion, Inc., Rockford, MD) and approximate entropy
values were calculated using MatLab (MathWorks, Natick, MA). A 2x3 (side x joint) repeated measures
ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc was used to determine bilateral asymmetry at the ankle, knee and hip
joints. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The repeated measures ANOVA revealed no
differences bilaterally in ApEn values. DISCUSSION: Though previous research has revealed bilateral
differences in lower extremity kinematics, these data suggest that the stability of the underlying motor
control in the most and least affected sides are not significantly different.
92
Effect of foot type on knee angle, ground reaction forces, and muscle activation during landing
Rath, M., Walker, C.,Stearne, D. West Chester University, West Chester, PA
Purpose: Hip muscle activation levels and ground reaction forces occurring at ground contact affect
lower extremity alignment and dynamic knee stability. Foot type may alter hip biomechanics and
increase vulnerability of the ACL during landing and deceleration. The purpose of this study was to
determine the effect of subtalar joint pronation on valgus knee alignment, ground reaction force
attenuation, and hip muscle activation in female soccer players during a broad jump-to-cut maneuver.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in a controlled research laboratory. Twelve NCAA
Division II female collegiate soccer players participated.. Four participants had SP feet (age=
19.75±1.50 years, height= 1.67±0.04 m, mass= 66.00±3.70 kg) and eight participants had rectus feet
(RF) (age= 19.25±1.49 years, height= 1.63±0.05 m, mass= 63.20±5.30). Participants completed three
landing-cut trials onto a force plate while EMG and motion data were collected. Percentage of maximal
muscle activation levels (%MVC) in the rectus femoris, biceps femoris (BF), gluteus medius, and
gluteus maximus (Gmax) muscles were calculated during the landing task. Peak vertical (vGRF) and
medial shear ground reaction forces (MSF), rate of loading (ROL), and valgus angle difference scores
(Vdiff) were collected during each trial for both participant groups. Group comparisons were made to
determine if foot type influenced landing strategy. Results: Mann-Whitney U tests revealed no
statistical significance between foot-type groups for any variable tested. However, effect size statistics
revealed practical significance for between-group %MVC BF (d=1.107), %MVC Gmax (d=1.069), and
vGRF (d=1.061). Conclusion: Athletes with a SP foot type may experience decreased hip muscle
activation, reducing their ability to effectively attenuate ground reaction forces during landing. This
might result in reduced dynamic stability and neuromuscular control during deceleration, potentially
increasing the risk of non-contact ACL injury in females.
This study was supported by a product grant from Asics Athletic Footwear.
93
Influence of Knowledge of Results on Older Adults’ Self-Efficacy for Exercise and Physical
Activity Behaviors
1,2
Reilley, A., 2 Sames, C., 2Avers, D., 1 McGinnis, P., 2 Rosenbaum, P., & 1Hurley, W.
1
SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY, 2SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, (Sponsor:
Wendy L. Hurley)
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of knowledge of functional assessment
results (KR) on self-efficacy for exercise (SEE) and physical activity behaviors (PAB) among
community dwelling older adults enrolled in a community based senior exercise program. Methods:
The study design was a pretest/posttest randomized groups design. Twenty-seven participants (76.25 ±
6.71 years, range 65 to 89years) were randomly assigned to two groups (control group [n = 13; Mcontrol age
= 77.38 ± 7.4 years, range 65 to 89 years]; treatment group [n=14; Mtreatment age 75.50 = ± 6.4 years, range
66 to 85 years]). Baseline measures were established using the Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (used
to assess PAB), and Resnick’s 9-item Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (used to assess SEE). Outcome
measures (PAB and SEE) were collected from both groups at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. The
treatment group received knowledge of functional assessment results (KR) about PAB at baseline, 4
weeks, and 8 weeks; the control group received no KR. Comparison of PASE and SEE scores between
groups was made using one-way ANOVA. MANOVA was used to test group interactions for SEE and
PASE. Results: PASE and SEE scores were significantly higher for the treatment group compared to
the control group at week 4 [PASE (p = .052) and SEE (p = .008)] and week 8 [PASE (p = .004) and
SEE (p = .012)]. There was a significant group and SEE interaction (p < .001) with a greater change in
scores from baseline to 8 weeks (Mtreatement = 8.46 vs. Mcontrol = 3.00) as well a significant PASE and
group interaction (F = 26.60, p < .001, η2 = .516) with a greater change in scores (Mtreatement =36.99 vs.
Mcontrol = 9.20). Conclusion: Providing older adults with KR may positively influence PAB and SEE.
Future studies are needed to further examine possible acute and long-term influences of KR on PAB and
SEE.
JOINT POWERS OF THE CONTRALATERAL ANKLE AND KNEE ARE INCREASED IN
SHORT-LEG WALKING BOOTS
1
Renshaw, D.W., 2Zhang, S., 2King, J., 2Keefer, M., 1Powell, D. 1Neuromuscular Biomechanics
Laboratory, Fairmont State University, Fairmont, WV, 2Biomechanics/Sports Medicine Laboratory,
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
Short-leg walking boots have been shown to alter lower extremity kinematics and kinetics. However,
little research has addressed how short-leg walking boots affect the contralateral limb. PURPOSE: The
purpose of this study was to quantify the changes in lower extremity joint kinetics in the limb
contralateral to the short-leg walking boot. METHODS: 8 healthy young adults performed five level
walking trials at a self-selected pace while wearing either a neutral walking shoe or a short-leg walking
boot. Lower extremity kinematics were collected using a 7-camera motion capture system (240 Hz,
ViconPEAK, Oxford, UK). Ankle, knee and hip joint angles were calculated using Visual 3D (CMotion, Inc., Rockford, MD). A paired-samples t-test was used to determine significant differences in
peak ankle plantar flexion and knee extension powers during the propulsive phase of the gait cycle in the
normal walking (NW) and short-leg walking boot (BOOT) conditions. Alpha level was set at p<0.05.
RESULTS: Short-leg walking boots were associated with reduced contralateral ankle plantar flexion
power (NW: ; BOOT: -1.3±0.4; p = 0.014) as well as increased contralateral knee extension power
(NW: ; BOOT: 0.9±0.5; p = 0.029). DISCUSSION: Propulsive joint moments of the ankle and knee in
the limb contralateral to the short-leg walking boot are altered. The reduced range of motion of the ankle
in short-leg walking boots may reduce propulsive moments in that limb, resulting in an increase in the
propulsive contributions of the non-affected, contralateral limb.
94
Are TNT Marathon Runners Slower Than the Rest of the Field?
Roberts Jr., Jim W. Edinboro University of PA, Edinboro, PA
It is commonly discussed that people running marathons for charities are slower than the average person
completing the event. However, there is no scientific data examining if this relationship exists as
described. PURPOSE: To determine if Team in Training (TNT) marathoners at the 2012 Pittsburgh
Marathon are significantly slower than the rest of the marathon runners. METHODS: 2012 Pittsburgh
Marathon finish times were collected from Active.com for 4615 finishers (61.6% male). Race walkers
were not included in the data. Eighteen “Team in Training” finishers (55.6% male) in the Pittsburgh
Marathon were determined by using publicly available data from the TNT website. Chip times were
used rather than gun times for all finishers. RESULTS: Descriptive statistics and an independent
samples t-test were performed in SPSS v18 with significance set at p<0.05. Although the charity
marathoners were slower in absolute time (278.2±31.2 vs. 273.6±47.7 min, p=0.546) the results were
not significant. The Team in Training runners were significantly younger than the rest of the participants
(30.9±9.5 vs. 36.5±10.7 yr, p=0.028).
CONCLUSIONS: The Team in Training marathoners at the 2012 Pittsburgh Marathon were
significantly younger than the remainder of the field. They were not, however, significantly slower than
the rest of the finishers.
Estimating Optimal Stride Frequency During Constant Speed Treadmill Running.
Rodolico, C., Oberholzer, R., and Smith, S. Drexel University, College of Nursing and Health
Professions, Health Sciences Department, Philadelphia, PA 19102
Purpose: This pilot study investigated the impact of manipulating stride frequency on heart rate and
oxygen consumption (VO2) during a 2-mile constant speed treadmill run. These measures were then
used to estimate optimal stride frequency. Methods: After a brief warm-up, 3 men (29±15 years)
performed 2-mile treadmill trials at 80-90% of maximal heart rate. Participants were experienced
runners and run speed ranged from 6-6.7 miles/hour. Three constant speed (0% grade) treadmill trials
were performed; a short stride, long stride and normal stride trial, each separated by a minimum of 48
hours. For the short and long stride trials, participants were instructed to pace their stride frequency
with a metronome set 15% higher (short stride) or lower (long stride) than their normal, self-selected,
stride frequency. Heart rate, VO2, and stride frequency were measured continuously during the trials. A
second order polynomial curve fit between heart rate and stride frequency was used to estimate optimal
stride frequency. Repeat measures ANOVA were used to determine differences in the variables across
the 3 trials. Results are mean±SD. Results: Mean exercise heart rate (bts/min) was significantly greater
during the long stride (166.3±12.0) and short stride trials (165.5±15.3) compared to the normal stride
trial (159.5±12.8; p=0.048). For each participant, the estimate optimal stride frequency (1.39±0.10 Hz)
was slightly greater than the normal, self-selected, stride frequency (1.35±0.08 Hz). Conclusion: A 15%
increase or decrease in self-selected stride frequency during constant speed treadmill running
significantly increases exercise heart rate and VO2. The estimated optimal stride frequency suggests that
an increase in stride frequency of 1.4-5.7% would improve running economy (reducing heart rate and
VO2). These techniques may be beneficial for runners attempting to optimize running economy by
adjusting stride frequency.
95
A MOBILE APP TO ASSESS ARCH HEIGHT INDEX: NORMATIVE VALUES AND
CAMERA PLACEMENT
1
Rossignol, D., 2Williams, D.S. 3rd, 1Powell, D. 1Neuromuscular Biomechanics Laboratory, Fairmont
State University, Fairmont, WV, 2Research Division, Commonwealth Sports Medicine, Glen Allen, VA.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this project was to establish normative arch height index values for a
mobile app and to determine the effect of camera placement on arch height index values. METHODS:
Forty-eight individuals participated in this study. Each subject’s height and weight were recorded and
had two pictures of their right medial longitudinal arch taken using a tablet device (Samsung Galaxy
10.1 Tablet) in sitting and bilateral standing conditions. The locations of the distal portion of the first
ray, heel, first metatarsophalangeal joint and dorsum were digitized for each image using the touch
screen. A subset of subjects had images of their foot re-taken with the camera at the level of the floor.
Arch height index (AHI) was calculated as previously described by Williams & McClay (2000). A
paired-samples t-test was used to determine the effect of camera placement. Significance was set at
p<0.05. RESULTS: Normative values for AHI were established for seated and standing conditions.
Camera placement significantly reduced AHI in the seated (p=0.001) and standing conditions (p=0.005).
CONCLUSIONS: The tablet device provides consistent AHI calculations; however, these values are
substantially lower than those previously reported in the literature. Camera placement significant affects
AHI values using the tablet device.
Condition Camera High Camera Low
Seated
0.209 (0.030) 0.176 (0.014)
Standing 0.190 (0.028) 0.159 (0.020)
Frequent Muscle Cramps and Myxedema Hypothyroidism, A case report and the Role of a
Sports Medicine Physician
1
Roza, R., 2McElroy, M. 1Geisinger Orthopedics and Sports Medicine. Danville, PA
Purpose: As cramps and myalgias have many different etiologies, this is a case describing
musculoskeletal symptoms as a presentation of hypothyroidism Methods: 19 yo male with no
significant PMH, PSH significant for repaired biceps tendon rupture with myalgias ultimately diagnosed
with myxedema hypothyroidism. Results: Table below. Initial presentation was to his sports medicine
training room visit for myalgias, mild fatigue, and questionable facial swelling. States he had been
taking protein supplement without creatine daily (40 Gram of protein a day) and denies use of any other
suppliments. He also denied any hematuria, incontinence, dysuria, or foamy urine on ROS. Renal
ultrasound, urinalysis, and all other laboratory data within normal limits.
Day 0
Day 7
Day 18
Day 22
CREATININE(mg/dL)
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.8
BUN(mg/dL)
19
19
14
15
CK (U/L)
2769
2370
1913
2475
TSH(uIU/mL)
>80
T4
0.05
Conclusion: Consults to nephrology and rheumatology, this patient has been diagnosed with myxedema
hypothyroidism and since has been started on Levothyroxine 150 mcg daily, and Cytomel 25 mg BID x2
weeks, then daily x2 weeks and then will discontinue. Statement of Disclosure: No conflicts of interest
to disclose.
96
Assessment of General Wellness in First-Year University Students
Salsali, M. Georgian Court University, Lakewood, NJ
Purpose: to assess first-year student wellness at a small, Catholic university. Methods: Students
(n=70) completed the TestWell Wellness Inventory questionnaire. The questionnaire has sections that
assess student behavior in physical activity, nutrition, self care, safety, social/environmental wellness,
emotional awareness/sexuality, emotional management, intellectual wellness, occupational wellness, and
values and beliefs. Results: Students scored lowest in nutrition (14.3 + 3.81) and physical activity
(14.6 + 5.04) as compared to the average of all other sections (19.9 + 2.12) (p < 0.001). Highest scores
were achieved in emotional awareness/sexuality (22.8 +2.44) and values and beliefs (22.0 + 2.82) as
compared to the average of all other sections (17.9 + 2.12) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Since the lowest
scores were observed in the areas of nutrition and physical activity, campus intervention focused on
improving student wellness should especially concentrate on these two components.
Validation of ACSM Metabolic Equations in an Anti-Gravity Environment: A Pilot Study
1
Santillo, N., 1Escamilla, P., 1Figueroa, M., 1Wicke, J., 1Manning, J., 2Wolkstein, J. 2Weis, M.
1
William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ. 2MCRC Physical Therapy, West Orange, NJ.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the ACSM metabolic equations, commonly used
on terrestrial treadmills, would adhere to the technology of an anti-gravity (AG) treadmill when body
weight (BW) is altered. Methods: Oxygen consumption was measured on 10 subjects (5 males, 5
females) at 100%, 90%, and 80% of BW using a modified Bruce Protocol. Participants were tested at
each %BW, in a randomized order, with two weeks between each test. The measured VO2 was
compared to the calculated VO2 (VO2Calc) at each stage using an ANOVA with repeated measures
(p<0.05). Results: Relative VO2 (ml/kg/min) values were not found to be significantly different
between genders during any stage. Significant differences were found between VO2Calc and measured
VO2 during the last 3 stages of 100% BW, stages 2-5 at 90% BW, and during all stages at 80% BW.
Calculated VO2
Measured VO2 (ml/kg/min)
Stage
100% BW
90% BW
80% BW
(ml/kg/min)
1
16.3
16 .5 ± 3.6
13.3 ± 3.4
12.4 ± 2.6*
2
24.7
21.4 ± 4.6
17.4 ± 4.5*
16.4 ± 2.9*
3
35.5
27.3 ± 5.9*
22.3 ± 5.3*
21.0 ± 3.7*
*
*
4
41.2
32.3 ± 7.1
28.3 ± 6.3
25.4 ± 4.3*
*
*
5
48.4
39.1 ± 7.5
36.0 ± 7.4
33.1 ± 4.8*
Conclusion: The results provide evidence that the ACSM metabolic formulas are not accurate in regards
to measured oxygen consumption in an AG environment. Exercise intensities, as per the ACSM
guidelines, would be below the recommended level which would lead to decreased caloric expenditure
when training on such a device. Formulas, specific to an AG environment, are warranted to ensure
accuracy for exercise prescriptions.
97
Precooling By Ice Slurry Ingestion Reduces Core Temperature and Thermal Sensation During
5km Running
Sauers EJ1., Lisicky NA1., Witmer CA1., Davis SE1. 1East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg,
PA
Competitive runners face a multitude of training and racing conditions year-round. High heat and
humidity are commonly encountered, particularly during summer months; in these conditions,
physiological demands are elevated. Evidence suggests that precooling an athlete’s core temperature
prior to physical activity may reduce the negative effects of heat on performance PURPOSE: The
purpose of the present study is to examine the impact of pre-race ice slurry ingestion on core
temperature and performance in competitive well-trained runners. METHODS: The subjects in this
study included 14 competitive male (n=11; age: 28.00 yrs.±1.7; height: 69.50 in±1.4; weight:
70.42kg±2.7; body fat: 10.92%±1.4; VO2max: 67.70ml/kg/min±1.9) and female (n=3; age: 33.00 yrs±5.0;
height: 65.00 in±0.6; weight: 58.4kg±2.9; body fat: 15.87%±1.7; VO2max: 58.57 ml/kg/min±2.3 )
distance runners currently involved in an endurance-training program. All runners completed two 5km
race, consuming either cold water (CW; 4°C) or an ice slurry (IS; -1°C) prior to the trial. Core
temperature was recorded using an ingestible capsule containing a radiotelemetry temperature sensor
(VitalSense System, Philips Respironics, Bend, Oregon) 4 hours before each race. Thermal sensation
was assessed prior to warm-up, after warm-up, and immediately after trial completion. Urine specific
gravity will be determined by refractometer (Antago, Bellvue, WA). A one-way repeated measures
ANOVA was used to evaluate performance, core temperature, thermal sensation and RPE. Significance
was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: Core body temperature was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the IS
compared to the CW trial post cooling (IS: 34.5°C±1.0, CW: 35.66°C±0.7), post warm-up (IS:
36.1°C±0.5, CW: 37.3±0.3), and pre-race (IS: 35.5°C±0.8; CW: 37.3°C±0.3). Thermal sensation was
significantly lower (p<0.05) in the IS compared to the CW trial post cooling (IS: 2.7±0.3, CW: 3.9±0.3).
There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in total time to complete the 5k race between trials (IS:
1129.1sec±19.2; CW: 1121.4sec±19.2). There was also no significant difference (p>0.05) in urine
specific gravity before (IS: 1.008±0.002; CW: 1.010±0.002) or after (IS: 1.012±0.003; CW:
1.013±0.003) the 5k race. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that pre-cooling by ice slurry is
effective at reducing core body temperature and thermal sensation prior to a 5k race. However, a 5km
running race may not be a great enough distance for athletes to reap the benefits of a precooling
regimen.
98
Traumatic Hand Injury - Mixed Martial Arts
Scotti, J, Geisinger Sports Medicine Fellow, WilkesBarre, PA Sponsor- David S. Ross, MD, FACP
HISTORY: 32 year-old healthy male sustained a left hand injury while working out. The
athlete was engaged in hand-to-hand martial arts training when he attempted to grapple and
throw his opponent. His left hand grabbed his training partner's uniform and his thumb was
hyper-extended in the process. He felt immediate pain and was unable to continue. Over the
next 4 days, he treated it as a sprain with self splinting but the injury failed to improve. 5 days
after initial injury he presented to the Urgent Care, where he was put into a thumb-spica splint
and referred to Sports Medicine for definitive management.
PHYSICAL EXAM: Focused -Left Hand and Wrist
Wrist- ROM- WNL in all planes, Strength 5/5, no carpal tenderness or instability
noted. Neurovascular assessment normal
Metacarpal and Phalanx #'s 2-5 testing- ROM- wnl, non-tender, collateral ligaments
intact, no deformities noted.
Thumb- swollen MCP joint- pain at 30 degrees flexion, IP joint intact, painful abd/adduction
Unstable UCL ligament testing- lack of a firm endpoint, approx 15 degrees of laxity with
abduction stress (also compared w/ right), no palpable mass. Stress testing ofMCP also
done in extension to test accessory collateral ligament and volar plate integrity- intact
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: 1. UCL sprain (gamekeepers thumb), 2. metacarpal/phalanx
fracture, 3. Stener lesion
TEST AND RESULTS: Hand 3+ views - avulsion fracture at the ulnar collateral ligament
attachment to the base of the first proximal phalanx with subsequent retraction. Findings
concerning for a Stener lesion. (Intraoperative fluoroscopic views of fingers will be reviewed
during presentation)
FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Stener Lesion (ruptured UCL becomes displaced and folded
back on itselfbeneath the adductor aponeurosis)
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: 1. Surgical repair is recommended for all complete
ruptures of the UCL. Pt was going on vacation the day after evaluation. A custom CMC joint
splint was made and pt was scheduled for surgery. Left hand ulnar collateral ligament avulsion
fracture repair with anchor augmentation was performed 10 days later without complication. At
his 2 week f/up, if healing normally, stitches will be removed and he will be put in a thumb
spica cast for ligament repair and protection. At 4 weeks f/up he will get and cast off xray and
ROM exercises.
99
Muscle synergies during 6 minutes of high intensity rowing.
1
Shaharudin, S., 1Agrawal, S. 1University of Delaware, Newark, DE.
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether rowing performance is driven by a
specific structure in muscular coordination while rowing on a Concept II ergometer with and without
sliders. Methods: Nine physically active non-rower males participated in the study after their written
informed consent was obtained. Surface electromyography activity and kinematics patterns were
recorded during high intensity rowing. Average power output, heart rate, rowing distance and pace was
collected to analyze the rowing performance. Principal component analysis with direct oblimin method
was applied to 16 electromyographic patterns to identify muscle synergies. Data were compared
between two conditions: rowing with the sliders attached to the ergometer and without the sliders.
Results: Four muscle synergies were sufficient to explain the majority of variance (i.e, >90% of the total
variance) in both conditions. Two of the synergies extracted were similar in both conditions, with
similar functional roles but with slight differences in the synergy vectors. The rowing performance was
significantly greater (p value < 0.05) in rowing with the sliders, indicated by increase in heart rate, pace
and distance covered compared to rowing without the sliders.Conclusion: The results suggest that
rowing synergies vary in different mechanical rowing techniques. This further implies that synergies are
not fixed, but can be adapted and utilized in order to learn physiologically efficient sports techniques
such as rowing.
Shaharudin S is funded by Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia and University of Science, Malaysia
The Necessity of a Verification Trial Following a Maximal Incremental Ramp Test
Simonovich, S. and Swensen, T. Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY.
Purpose: To determine whether a verification phase following a VO2max test is necessary to confirm
that a true VO2max has been measured in a non-athlete collegiate population. Methods: A repeated
measures design was used in which 15 college students (M = 20.6, SD = 2.6) completed two maximal
incremental ramp tests separated by at least 48 hours. After performing the second ramp test, subjects
performed a 10-minute active recovery followed by a supramaximal verification test. Heart rate (HR)
and expired gases were monitored continuously via a metabolic cart during all tests. RPE was taken
during the final 30 seconds of each stage. Post exercise blood lactate (BL) was taken five minutes after
termination of both ramp tests and the verification test. Data Analysis: A one-way repeated measures
ANOVA assessed differences between VO2peak, RERmax, HRmax, RPEmax, and BL recorded during
the ramp and verification tests. Alpha level was set at 0.05. Results: No significant differences existed
between VO2peak, RERmax, HRmax and RPEmax measured during the incremental ramp and
verification tests (p > 0.05). However, BL was significantly higher after the verification test than after
the incremental ramp tests (p < .05). Conclusion: A verification phase following a maximal ramp test
in a non-athlete collegiate population is not necessary to confirm true VO2max.
100
Acute Oral Supplementation with Sapropterin Augments NO-dependent Reflex Vasodilation in
Aged Human Skin
Anna E. Stanhewicz, W. Larry Kenney FACSM, and Lacy Alexander-Holowatz FACSM. The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Purpose: Reflex cutaneous vasodilation (VD) is attenuated in aged skin, potentially resulting in
decreased heat loss during heat exposure. Functional nitric oxide-synthase (NOS) and the essential NOS
cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) are required for full expression of reflex VD. The purpose of this
study was to test the efficacy of acute oral supplementation with sapropterin (Kuvan®), the shelf-stable
pharmaceutical formulation of BH4, in increased reflex VD in aged skin during whole body heating. We
hypothesized that, similar to local administration, oral systemic supplementation with sapropterin would
augment reflex VD through NO-dependent mechanisms in aged human skin. Methods: 6 subjects (3
men, 3 women, 77±4 years) ingested sapropterin (S, 10mg/kg) or placebo (P) in a randomized doubleblind crossover study design. Three microdialysis fibers were placed in the skin of the ventral forearm
for local delivery of (1) lactated Ringer’s solution (control), (2) 10mM BH4, or (3) 20mM L-NAME
(NOS-inhibition). Red cell flux was measured over each site by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) as reflex
VD was induced using a water perfused suit. At a 1°C rise in oral temperature (Tor) mean body
temperature was clamped and L-NAME was perfused at each site. Cutaneous vascular conductance was
calculated (CVC = LDF/MAP) and normalized to maximum. Results: Sapropterin increased reflex VD
in the control site (P: 30±3 vs. S: 52±3%CVCmax; p<0.001). There was no difference between local
BH4 treated sites across treatments (P: 51±8 vs. S: 49±8%CVCmax; p=0.43). At a 1°C rise in Tor
sapropterin increased NOS-dependent VD in the control site (P: 14±2 vs. S: 29±4%CVCmax; p=0.008).
Conclusion: Acute oral supplementation with sapropterin increases NO-dependant reflex cutaneous VD
in aged skin during whole body heat stress, suggesting that (1) sapropterin increases BH4 bioavailability
in aged vasculature sufficiently to increase NO synthesis through NOS and (2) sapropterin may be a
viable intervention to increase skin blood flow during hyperthermia in the aged. (Research Funded by
NIH RO1-AG07004-25)
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN YOUNG
ADULTS
Tarzia, B., Kasprowicz, A., Leffert, W., Heffernan, K. Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
Sedentary behavior (SED) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
morbidity and mortality. Although physical activity (PA) is associated with a decrease in CVD risk, PA
may not be able to mitigate CVD risk associated with excessive SED. Separation of blood pressure (BP)
waves into its constituent forward wave pressure (Pf) and backward wave pressure (Pb) can provide
insight into CVD risk as elevated Pf and Pb are associated with increased CVD morbidity and mortality.
Purpose: To examine the associations of PA and SED with novel measures of CVD risk (Pf and Pb).
Methods: Aortic pressure waveforms were obtained using radial applanation tonometry and a
generalized transfer function in 44 young healthy men (n = 26) and women (age 25± 1 yrs, BMI 24±1
kg/m2). A wave separation technique utilizing aortic flow triangulation was used to derive Pf (pressure
due to the interaction of left ventricular contraction and aortic impedance) and Pb (pressure attributable
to wave reflections). Levels of PA (METS/week) and SED (sitting time/week) were obtained via selfreport using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: A significant negative
correlation existed between PA and Pf (r = -0.28, p < 0.05) and Pb (r = -0.27, p<0.05). A significant
positive correlation existed between SED and Pf (r = 0.42, p<0.05) and Pb (r = 0.38, p <0.05). After
adjusting for PA with partial correlation, association between SED and Pf remained (adjusted r = 0.33,
p<0.05). Similarly, after adjusting for PA with partial correlation, association between SED and Pb
remained (adjusted r = 0.28, p<0.05). Conclusion: Time spent in SED behavior is associated with
higher Pf and Pb. Adjusting for PA does not significantly alter this relationship suggesting that young
adults should be encouraged to reduce time spent in SED behavior to fully realize the favorable BP
effects of PA.
Funding provided by Burstyn Endowed Fund for Collaborative Research in Education at Syracuse
University
101
EFFECTS OF NASAL IRRIGATION ON EXERICSE TIME, SYMATHETIC TONES,
LACTATE, AND RATING OF PERCIEVED EXERTION
Thompson, J., Reed, M., Parker, T., Tobin, R., Stearne, D., Melton, S., Whidden, M. West Chester
University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how nasal irrigation (NI) affects intense aerobic
exercise performance time, sympathetic tones, blood lactate, and ratings of perceived exertion. To our
knowledge, no other study has examined this topic. Methods: Twenty active male participants (21.8 ±
0.33 years of age) performed two treadmill graded exercise tests (GXT’s) under an experimental (NI
performed 10 minutes prior to exercise) and control (no NI) condition. Total exercise time, heart rate
(HR), blood lactate, and ratings of perceived exertion were measured at rest, during the GXT (including
warm up and cool down), and after a five minute passive recovery period. Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
was also calculated. Results: HR was significantly lower (P<0.05) with NI than without during the first
two minutes of the warm-up, 104.6 ± 3.8 bpm and 102.4 ± 3.2 bpm versus 95.2 ± 2.9 bpm and 96.7 ±
2.8 bpm, respectively. Furthermore, HR trended towards significance (P<0.10) during the first two
minutes of the first stage of the GXT with NI. MAP was significantly lower (P<0.05) during the passive
cool down with NI when compared to without, 93.0 ± 2.9 mmHg to 87.0 ± 2.7 mmHg. Although total
exercise time did not change significantly, it increased from 16.99 ± 0.68 min to 17.19 ± 0.64 min with
NI, or by 1%. Conclusion: Results indicate that NI may improve total time during a GXT and may
enhance recovery from intense aerobic exercise. NI may be an alternative to orally ingesting sodium
bicarbonate.
Research funded by the College of Health Sciences Faculty/Student Award, West Chester University
Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Heart Rate Recovery between Men and Women
1
Throdahl, M., 1Fisher, M., 2DePadova, D. 1Monclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 2Mountainside
Hospital, Montclair, NJ
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in heart rate recovery (HRR) between
males (n = 9) and females (n = 9) undergoing a 12-week phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program.
Methods: Participants followed the established phase II CR protocol with no additional study related
manipulations to patient training variables, such as exercise frequency, time, or intensity. During week
one and week twelve, the average metabolic equivalent (MET) level, peak exercise heart rate (HRpeak),
and heart rate at 1-min into an active recovery phase was collected from each participant through the
Quinton-Telemetry RMS software. Heart rate recovery was then calculated as the HRpeak minus the
HR at 1-min post exercise. The research protocol was approved by the Montclair State University
Institutional Review Board. The data was compared from week one to week twelve, as well as between
males and females. A 2x2 analysis of variance was calculated to detect differences in MET level and
HRR between males and females pre-to-post CR. A level of p < .05 was the criteria used for statistical
significance. Results: Significant improvements were observed from pre to post-CR in MET level (+1.2
METs) and HRR (+4 beats/min). However there was no statistical significance in the change of HRR or
MET level between women and men from pre-CR to post-CR. Conclusion: These observations suggest
that the measurements of HRR and MET level during a phase II CR program are worthwhile for
clinicians to use for tracking progress in patient health and fitness improvements regardless of gender.
102
Mid-Thigh Circumference is Inversely Related to Hamstrings Strength in ACL Reconstructed
Women.
Vairo, G. Athletic Training & Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State
Purpose: The primary aim was to profile mid-thigh circumference (MTC) responses to ipsilateral
hamstring tendons anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in patients 12-36 months after
surgery. It was hypothesized MTC would be less for the involved leg compared with the uninvolved and
healthy matched control legs. A secondary aim was to determine if MTC was a predictor to knee flexor
strength for the involved leg. Methods: A stratified retrospective cohort (level 2b evidence) experiment
was conducted in a controlled laboratory setting. The respective independent and dependent variables
were leg condition and MTC using a reliable and valid technique. Fifteen women (20.5 ± 2.0 years, 1.7
± 0.1 m, 68.5 ± 12.6 kg, 6.8 ± 1.52 Tegner Level) 25.93 ± 11.25 months post-surgery were matched to
15 healthy control participants by sex, approximate age, height, mass and physical activity level (20.9 ±
1.2 years, 1.7 ± 0.1 m, 66.5 ± 10.7 kg, 6.13 ± 1.06 Tenger Level). A one-way analysis of variance
(ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc test examined statistical significance. Simple linear regression
examined MTC as a predictor to knee flexor strength. P < 0.05 denoted statistical significance a priori.
Results: Data met assumptions for ANOVA. No significant MTC differences were found among legs
(Table 1). Furthermore, a significant negative association existed between MTC and strength (β2 = 0.019, r2 = 28.4%, P = 0.041) for the involved leg.
Table 1. MTC Comparisons
Leg Condition
Involved
Uninvolved Matched
P-value
Measurement (cm)
49.2 ± 5.1
51.5 ± 5.7
51.8 ± 5.8 0.351
Conclusion: These results contrast prior reports of lesser MTC for the involved leg compared with the
uninvolved leg, which may be due to patient population and measurement method variations. These data
also suggest that lesser MTC corresponds to greater knee flexor strength following ipsilateral hamstrings
tendons ACL reconstruction.
This study was funded by the Pennsylvania Athletic Trainers’ Society, Inc. Supported Research Grant.
103
The Effects of Caffeine on Anaerobic Performance
Varley, E., Deantonio, A., Wineholt, J., Digirolomo, A., Sanders, J. Shippensburg University,
Shippensburg, PA
Purpose: To determine whether caffeine ingested one hour prior to exercise improves anaerobic
performance. Methods: Nine recreationally active subjects (age: 20.8±0.8 yrs, wt: 73.5±17.1 kg, ht:
172.7±14.5 cm) participated in a double blind study. Prior to the exercise test, each subject performed a
maximal handgrip test to determine their maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Subjects then
completed an intermittent isometric handgrip exercise at 50% MVC under two different conditions,
caffeine and placebo. Either caffeine gum (6 mg /kg) or a placebo gum was ingested one hour prior to
exercise. Each test was separated by a minimum of 72 hours. Exercise was stopped when subjects could
not maintain 50% of their MVC for more than 5 sec. Muscular performance was determined as the
amount of time subjects sustained 50% of MVC. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were
measured before and after exercise. Results: The exercise time for each condition showed no significant
differences (p > 0.05). Contrary to typical responses to caffeine, average measures of exercise HR and
BP were all lower in caffeine condition. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p
> 0.05).
Condition
Caffeine
Placebo
Exercise
Time
(sec)
148.2 ±
33.2
137.9 ±
41.1
Exercise
HR
(bpm)
83.8 ±
18.2
87.0 ±
16.2
SBP
(mmHg)
DBP
(mmHg)
122.7 ±
9.1
124.2 ±
9.0
80.3 ±
7.7
79.4 ±
5.9
Conclusions: These results did not support our original hypothesis that the consumption of caffeine
would aid anaerobic performance.
104
Chronic Left Hip Pain in a Young Female- Non-Athlete
Matthew Voltz, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE
HISTORY: A 33 yo female native to Africa presents with a complaint of left hip pain for 4 years.
The patient states that she sustained an injury to her hip while living in Africa. At the time of
symptom onset, she had an x-ray of her left hip which was normal. Since the onset of symptoms she
has given birth to 2 children and had increased pain during the pregnancy. She now complains of
anterior left hip pain that occasionally radiates into her groin and down her left thigh to the knee.
She has difficulty with ambulation and getting up from a seated position and complains of instability
with left leg. The pain can be so severe that she feels as if her leg is "dragging" while she walks. She
has used acetaminophen and ibuprofen without significant relief and has failed a trial of physical
therapy in relieving her symptoms. She denies any low back or radicular pain into her either lower
extremity, and has had no bowel/bladder dysfunction or saddle paresthesia. Her ROS is otherwise
unremarkable. Her PMH is significant for sickle cell trait.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: She ambulates with an antalgic gait. She is neurologically intact
bilaterally. She has mild left quadriceps atrophy. She is tender to palpation along her left greater
trochanteric region. She has decreased passive left hip flexion, internal rotation, and external rotation
ROM. Passive external rotation of the left hip produces left groin pain, and passive left hip internal
rotation produces lateral hip pain. She has 3/5 strength with left hip and knee flexion, 4/5 strength
with side-lying abduction. She has a positive log roll test, hip scour test, and hip impingement test.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: 1. Left hip osteoarthritis 2. Left hip labral tear 3. Left hip
fracture
TESTS AND RESULTS: X-rays of b/1 hips and pelvis revealed changes within the left femoral
head secondary to aseptic necrosis. An MRI arthrogram of the left hip revealed a subchondral
fracture of the left femoral head, likely with small focus of associated osteonecrosis. There is
localized fraying and irregularity involving the anterosuperior aspect of the left acetabular labrum.
FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Asceptic osteonecrosis of the left hip.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: Non-weight bearing on left lower extremity via the
utilization of crutches. Awaiting referral to orthopedic surgeon specializing in adult joint
reconstruction.
105
Examining Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels in Collegiate Swimmers Pre and Post Taper
1,2
Walega, R., 1McKenzie J.A., 1McCole, S.D. 1McDaniel College, Westminster, MD, 2The George
Washington University, Washington, DC
Purpose: Endurance training causes decreases in hemoglobin and hematocrit (markers of red blood cell
volume), which can hamper performance. Competitive swimming uses reductions in training (taper)
before championship meets to maximize performance. The purpose of this study was to determine if
hemoglobin and hematocrit increased during taper and if these measures were related to swimmers’
performance at their championship meet. Methods: Intercollegiate swimmers (n=10 males, n=8
females) were split into three training/tapering groups (sprint, stroke, distance). A blood sample was
taken by finger stick at day 0 and again at the end of taper, the day before the season ending
championship meet, and analyzed using a photometer to determine hemoglobin and hematocrit.
Performance improvement was defined as best championship swim time vs. best in season time.
Results: Hemoglobin levels increased from day 0 to the end of taper (14.17±1.78 versus 11.5±1.58
g/dL, p=0.0205). Due to low hemoglobin on day 0, hematocrit could not be estimated. The average
(over three events) swim time improvement for all swimmers was 2.70±1.60%, which was not
significantly correlated to the change in hemoglobin levels (p=0.417). Conclusion: The increased
hemoglobin levels are consistent with previous literature and suggest a recovery from endurance
training. The lack of a significant correlation between hemoglobin levels and swim time improvement is
consistent with the results of Mujika, et al. (1997). However, this should be further explored in future
studies. Taper is influenced by an athlete’s workload in practice, health, diet, sleep patterns, and mood
state; all of these factors may have impacted the results. If more can be known about hemoglobin levels
during training, coaches can adjust the amount or intensity of practice to help swimmers maintain
optimal hemoglobin levels, thereby potentially maximizing performance.
Can Between-the-Legs Front Throw Distance be Predicted from Overhead Back Throw Distance?
1
Weiss, H., 1Taylor, L., 1Meyer, B. 1Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA
Purpose: The overhead back throw (OHB) and between-the-legs front throw (BLF) are commonly used
in physical fitness assessments. Due to the similarity between the two techniques, we hypothesize that a
strong relationship exists between measured distances in the two activities. The purpose of this study is
to assess the strength of the relationship between distances in OHB and BLF activities. Methods: Seven
male and eighteen female undergraduate students participated in the study. Participants performed three
OHB and three BLF trials, with the goal of achieving maximum distance. Males threw a 7.26 kg indoor
shot, and females threw a 4.0 kg indoor shot for the OHB and BLF trials. For each participant, the best
performance (based on largest measured distance) was used for further analysis. In order to determine
the extent of the relationship between the two measures, the Pearson product moment correlation
coefficient “r” was computed. Results: For males, OHB distances ranged from 7.3 m to 9.6 m, while
BLF distances ranged from 6.5 m to 10.3 m. For females, OHB distances ranged from 4.4 m to 11.1 m,
and BLF distances ranged from 5.0 m to 11.2 m. The coefficient of determination between OHB
distance and BLF distance was R2 = 0.73 for males and R2 = 0.65 for females. Strong correlations were
found between the measures in the study; for males, Pearson's r = 0.86 and for females Pearson's r =
0.80. Conclusion: Due to the strong relationship between the OHB and BLF measures, the authors
recommend that if practitioners do not have enough time to perform both OHB and BLF activities
during a testing session, using either technique should provide a good measure of athletic power.
106
Title: Lower leg pain in a marathon runner (The Dreaded Black Line)
Adrian Western ATC, Cayuga Medical Center; Jake Veigel, MD, Cayuga Medical Center
HISTORY: A 47 year old recreational runner presented with insidious onset left lower leg
pain and palpable deformity on left tibia after increasing training mileage in preparation for a
marathon. She reports the pain initially was mild and she "could run through it". However
the pain worsened with increasing her mileage until she could no run through it. Patient
complained of no pain while walking, however; pain was present with both running and
climbing stairs. There was no numbness or tingling, no leg weakness or prior trauma. She
has been an avid runner for the last ten years and has completed one marathon in the prior
running season. She reports regular menses and has no change in weight over the last 3
years.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Patient presents in the office with pain on right medial tibia pain.
She was tender to palpation on the middle 1/3 tibia with a palpable mass present. Patient
described no accompanying pain in hips, knees or ankles and all joints had full strength and
ROM. Functional testing revealed a positive hop test.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: 1) Medial Tibia Stress Syndrome 2) Tibia Stress
Reaction/Fracture 3) muscle strain 4) Exercise-induced compartment syndrome
TESTS AND RESULTS: X-ray was taken of left lower extremity and compared to a previous
study. The impression of the X-ray was a stress fracture in the mid anterior cortex fracture line
present with resorption. DEXA scan revealed normal bone density levels. TSH, Vitamin D, CBC,
and Ferritin were all normal.
FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Anterior Tibia Cortex Stress Fracture
TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES: After 10 weeks non-weight bearing in a cast the patient was
transitioned into a walking boot. Although the patient was advised to stay in the walking boot
she took the boot off for 2 weeks. The patient was put back in the boot for 1more month. After
9 months of immobilization and physical
therapy the patient was able to return to running. Running form modifications were attempted.
107
Mechanomyographic frequency responses of a new accelerometer based device.
Weymers, R.J., McMahon, M.J., Mookerjee, S. Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA.
Purpose: To investigate the Mechanomyographic (MMG) frequency responses of the biceps brachii and
vastus lateralis, using a new sensor. Methods: 18 adults (9 ♂, 9 ♀) aged, 22.6 (± 2.3) years, performed
15 maximal, concentric elbow flexions and knee extensions at three isokinetic velocities (60 deg·s-1, 150
deg·s-1, 240 deg·s-1), in randomized order. Surface MMG was recorded from both muscle sites
(sampling rate: 2,000 Hz; bandwidth: 20-200 Hz; sensitivity: 50 V·g-1). A power spectral density
analysis was performed by decomposing the signal into 10 Hz frequency bands (expressed as a
percentage of the total signal energy) using the 2nd, 8th, and 14th repetitions. Results: Representative data
from a female subject (60 deg·s-1, elbow flexion) is shown below –
Frequency
Band
20-30 Hz
30-40 Hz
40-50 Hz
50-60 Hz
60-70 Hz
70-80 Hz
80-90 Hz
90-100 Hz
2nd Repetition
(%)
30.02
32.56
10.38
25.24
1.36
0.21
0.15
0.07
8th Repetition
(%)
67.06
26.04
3.88
2.09
0.61
0.14
0.09
0.10
14th Repetition
(%)
71.63
14.63
9.18
3.34
0.54
0.30
0.19
0.19
Conclusion: The frequency spectrum shifted to progressively lower values across the repetitions
accompanied by declining torque values. These trends are indicative of de-recruitment and/or fatigability
of type IIx fibers during dynamic, multi-repetition protocols. Based on these findings, the sensor
bandwidth needs to be readjusted to also include recording < 20 Hz (Type I fiber resonances).
Cardiovascular and Physiological Responses to Equitation among Collegiately Competitive
Female Equestrian
Athletes.
Wirth, V.A., Davis, S.E., Sauers, E.J., Witmer, C.A. East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg,
Pa.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify, describe and analyze the cardiovascular and
physiological responses of horseback riding, specifically the styles of Western and English horseback
riding among intercollegiate female athletes. METHODS: A total of 8 collegiate equestrians were
analyzed in both laboratory-based and field-based tests to collect heart rate, VO2, ventilation, hand strip
strength, lactate, and blood pressure. Body composition testing was administered through the use of the
Bod Pod and a YMCA sub-maximal cycle ergometer test was used to determine baseline physiological
responses individual to each subject. Field-based testing consisted of a six minute riding trial at
the flat beginning with two minutes with the horse at the walk transitioning to two minutes with the
horse at the trot and then transitioning to the final two minutes with the horse at the canter. Each subject
was outfitted with the Cosmed K4 b2 portable analyzer to collect metabolic data throughout the trial.
Pre and post heart rate, blood pressure, and lactate levels were collected. RESULTS: A high degree of
variability was found among the collected physiological data during field-based trials, including an
average heart rate of 75% HRmax and oxygen consumption ranging from 6.0 and 28.8 ml/kg/min. The
average percentage of VO2max achieved during riding trials was 38.30 ± 10.50%. The average highest
percentage of VO2max achieved was 53.46 ±14.84%. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study shows
extreme
variations in physiological responses among equestrians with many subjects experiencing close to
maximal heart rate levels achieved throughout riding trials. These results highlight the importance of
regular medical exams and additional physical fitness training for safety and improved performance.
108
Preferred method of self-regulating exercise intensity in overweight and obese adults
1
Wisniewski, K., 2Goss, F. (FACSM). 2Rubinstein, E., 2Davis, K., 2Nagle, E. (FACSM), 2Storti, K.,
2
Jakicic, J.
(FACSM). 1Saint Francis University, Loretto, Pa, 2University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
There has been a proposed paradigmatic shift in exercise prescription that moves away from models
based on physiological variables to models based on how an individual perceives the exercise intensity.
A previous investigation found that the majority of physically active, normal weight, young adult
women prefer using effort perception over Heart Rate (HR) methods to judge exercise intensity.
Although not measured, it was hypothesized that these women may have started exercising using HR
and later switched to perceptual methods. The preferred method of self-regulating exercise intensity
(SRE) in overweight and obese individuals is currently unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of the
present study was to examine the preferred method of SRE in overweight and obese adults in past and
future exercise sessions. METHODS: Sixty (males, n = 22, age = 37.18 ± 9.70 yrs, BMI = 31.50 ±
3.56 kg•m-2; females, n = 38, age = 34.45 ± 7.92 yrs, BMI = 30.11 ± 3.43 kg•m-2) sedentary to
physically active overweight or obese adults participated in this study. Subjects completed interview-led
questionnaires to assess physical activity history and preferred method of SRE in past and future
exercise sessions. The preferred method of SRE questionnaire assessed preference for SRE using one of
3 HR methods or 3 Perceptual methods. Nonparametric binomial tests assessed differences in preferred
method distribution with a null hypothesis of equal distribution (50%). RESULTS: In the past, more
subjects (88.2%) reported using a perceptual method to SRE than those who reported using a HR
method (11.8%, p < 0.001). There was no difference in subject’s preference in the future.
CONCLUSION: The majority of overweight and obese adults previously used perceptual methods to
SRE. These results are similar to those reported previously for young adult women. However, there
was no difference in preferred method of SRE in the future. Inconsistent with the previous hypothesis,
overweight and obese adults may begin exercising using perceptual methods and switch to HR methods
as they become more familiar with exercise.
Older Adults and Exergames
Yurkanin, K., O’Hanlon, C., Orsega-Smith E. University of Delaware, Newark, DE
Purpose: With our aging population, falls are an increasing concern being the number one reason of
death among older adults at home. As one ages, their activity levels and posture levels decrease, along
with balance and coordination. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the Wii Fit Plus
on the balance, coordination and balance confidence among a sample of older adults. Methods: Within
this study, 8 independent older adults (ages 64-89 ) from the Claymore Senior Center played the Wii Fit
Plus twice a week for thirty minute intervals. This balance program consisted of various balance games
such as Penguin Slide, Table Tilt, Bubble Burst, Ski Slalom and Hula Hoop. The participants were local
community members with an average BMI of 26.87. Various tests were given to the participants pre and
post intervention including Berg Balance, Timed Up & Go, and Chair Stands. Participants also
completed psychological surveys such as perceived ability to perform activities of daily living,
activities-specific balance confidence. Results: Paired t-tests demonstrated the participants showed
significant improvement (p< .05) in functional tests, such as the timed up and go (pre 7.0 + 2.33, post
6.12 +1.80) and the Berg Balance (pre 52.5 + 2.56, post 54.38 + 1.59) and non-significant
improvement in perceived tests. Conclusion: Preliminary data suggests that playing Wii Fit Plus
balance oriented games and Xbox Kinect games on a weekly provide significant increases in balance
and coordination among older adults who may be at risk for accidental falls. Furthermore, this type of
intervention can be easily implemented at community senior centers, assisted living facilities, nursing
homes, adult day care settings. Funding: University of Delaware Summer Service Learning
109
Corporate and University/College Sponsors
Please visit the following Corporate and University/College exhibits during the day and
at the EXPO (Friday night at 8:15), who’s support make this meeting possible:
Corporate Sponsors
110
BOOKS • DVDs • APPAREL
111
112
113
The Applied Physiology PhD
Program in the Departement of
Kinesiology and Applied
Physiology at the University of
Delaware provides in depth
training in the areas of:
•
•
•
•
Cardiovascular Physiology
Exercise Physiology
Musculoskeletal Physiology
Neurophysiology
For more information please see our website:
http://www.udel.edu/kaap/graduates/applied_physiology.html
114
115
Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees in
Health Promotion Management
Integrating the science, art, and business of
health promotion
BENEFIT FROM AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM OF
STUDY THAT INCLUDES COURSES IN:
SCIENCES: Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, Changing Health Behaviors
ARTS: Health Communication, Programming
BUSINESS: Strategic Planning, Health Promotion in Healthcare
*Nutrition Education Graduate Certificate Program also available*
For More Information,
Please Contact Us:
202-885-6254
[email protected]
www.american.edu/healthpromotion
116
All-in-One Exercise Physiology
RER/RQ
EMG
VO2Max
Spirometry
ECG
iWorx Systems, Inc.
www.iworx.com
The single source for advanced teaching and
research measurement solutions for metabolic,
cardiovascular, and neuromuscular
physiology.
117
118
119

Friday - American College of Sports Medicine

Transcription

Similar documents

Welcome to the Fitness Trails

international conference places on the edge creating a sense of

H2Q - Application

4weeks - Oxygen Magazine

The Dispatch

6 Week Body MakeOver Program BROCHURE

case study - Pitney Bowes

measuring - Amazon Web Services

Brochure Ray - Jungshin Fitness

album booklet (with publishing

Graston-Hall Method.Com

Academic Departments - University of Massachusetts Medical School