Telematics for Efficient Road Freight Operations Guide

Transcription

Guide
Telematics for Efficient Road
Freight Operations
Acknowledgements
Freight Best Practice wishes to thank the following organisations for their contribution to the case
studies and preparation of this guide:
•Unipart Expert Practices
•DJ Hewer and Co. Ltd
•Cybit Ltd
•British Telecom (BT) plc
•Quartix Ltd
•United Biscuits (UB) Ltd
•Marshalls plc
•Stan Robinson Ltd
•Online MBT Ltd
•Digicore Ltd
•Xede Services Ltd
•Neill and Brown Global Logistics Ltd
•Thatcham (The Motor Insurance Repair Research Centre)
•ACPO Vehicle Crime Intelligence Service
Disclaimer: While the Department for Transport (DfT) has made every effort to ensure the
information in this document is accurate, it does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness
or usefulness of that information; and cannot accept liability for any loss or damages of any
kind resulting from reliance on the information or guidance this document contains.
Foreword
Freight Best Practice is funded by the Department for Transport and managed by AECOM to promote
operational efficiency within freight operations.
Freight Best Practice offers FREE essential information for the freight industry, covering topics such
as saving fuel, developing skills, equipment and systems, operational efficiency and performance
management.
All FREE materials are available to download from www.businesslink.gov.uk/freightbestpractice or
can be ordered through the Hotline on 0300 123 1250.
Throughout this guide you will see this signpost - directing you to relevant publications from the
Freight Best Practice programme.
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Contents
Acknowledgements
2
Foreword
3
Introduction
6
What Is a Telematics System?
6
What Can Telematics Do for Your Operation?
6
The Aim of this Guide and Who Should Use it
6
Structure of this Guide
7
Basic Technology Overview
8
Introduction 8
Background to Current Telematics Systems
8
Important Concepts
9
Telematics Systems
13
Telematics for Vehicle and Driver (Parametric) Data
13
Paperless Manifest and Proof of Delivery (POD)
19
On-Board Satellite Navigation (Sat-Nav)
26
Traffic Information Systems
29
Safety and Security Systems
31
Choosing and Implementing a System
35
How to Select a System
35
Identifying Your Needs and Requirements
35
Product and Supplier Selection
39
Implementing a System
43
Monitoring and Improving the System
45
Summary
45
4
Appendix 1: Supplier Contact Database
48
Appendix 2: Glossary of Terms
54
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Introduction
What Is a Telematics System?
The term ‘telematics’ covers many different systems; however, it generally refers to remote devices that
help road freight operators by combining information technology (IT) and modern telecommunications
to control or monitor vehicles, drivers, trailers and other mobile assets. Some of these systems can
monitor the location of vehicles and their activity at any given time as well as driver performance and
personal security
What Can Telematics Do for Your Operation?
The use of telematics can help operators manage assets more effectively and gain a greater
understanding of the performance of their transport operation. Effective use of the right system can lead
to significant improvements in fleet security, productivity and efficiency, helping to reduce fleet mileage,
operational costs and fuel consumption and improve customer service. This improved efficiency can lead
to increased profitability.
Modern telematics systems are more sophisticated and, in many cases, easier to use and more affordable
than ever, which means they can help operations of all sizes. These systems give you the ability to:
•Monitor your operation in real time
•Help drivers locate delivery points and avoid congestion and traffic incidents
•Communicate better with your drivers, resulting in improvements to your operation and better
customer service
•Help verify insurance claims, as historical records determine where a vehicle has been and at what
time and at what speed. Such measures can be used to support risk management strategies
•Manage vehicle maintenance costs by identifying opportunities to improve driving practices
•Target driver training towards those who will benefit most from using an appropriate telematics
system
•Automatically provide much of the information required for compliance with legislation such as the
Working Time Directive, while other features can help significantly in terms of lone worker issues
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•Mobile Printers, Peripherals and GPS
The Aim of this Guide and
Who Should Use it
•Wireless Phones/Handsets
•In-vehicle and Satellite Navigation
This guide is designed for you as logistics and
transport professionals to help in the selection
and acquisition of telematics systems. The guide
will take you through the different systems and
their function available in the marketplace,
as well as how to select the right systems for
your operation and who supplies it within the
industry.
•Traffic Information Systems
•Driver and Vehicle (Parametric) Data
•Driver Safety Devices
•Section 4 – Provides guidelines on
choosing and implementing a telematics
system
It is aimed at a wide audience across all freight
industry sectors and sizes of operation and
presumes that prior knowledge of telematics is
limited. In addition, a concise guide accompanies
the document that provides a quicker, simpler
overview of IT and telematics. This is ideal if
you are interested in telematics and would like
to know more, prior to deciding whether to
purchase.
•Appendix 1 – Provides a list of telematics
suppliers
•Appendix 2 – Provides a glossary of terms
It is aimed at a wide audience across all freight
industry sectors and sizes of operation, and
presumes that prior knowledge of telematics
is limited.
Structure of this Guide
The remainder of the guide offers the following
information:
•Section 2 – Provides an overview of the
technology available, how it works, and the
areas of your operation that may benefit
•Section 3 – Details the types of telematics
products that are available in the market
under nine key areas:
•Vehicle Asset Tracking
•In-cab Computers
•Handheld Terminals (PDAs and
Notebooks)
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Basic Technology Overview
Introduction
The concept of vehicle telematics dates back to the early 1980s with the increasing replacement of
mechanical systems with electrical ones and the advent of on- board computing, though it was not
until 2004 that reliable and economical methods of reporting vehicle positioning became widespread,
thanks to a combination of cheaply available Global Positioning Systems (GPS), broadband and mobile
communication networks.
Since that time, telematics has integrated into a wide number of areas such as load and driver security;
customer service; and navigation. This section looks at how different technologies combine to improve
operations across those areas.
Background to Current Telematics Systems
Thanks to recent developments, telematics are now reliable, affordable and are being used by a wide
range of transport operators with large and small fleets.
Most telematics systems are designed on a modular basis to enable flexibility for the client – enabling
them to ‘bolt on’ functions they feel would be helpful in their operation. Many of these are looked at
in the Telematics Systems section. These modules are often added to a core piece of hardware usually
incorporating a GPS receiver, on-board computer, and communications device to connect with the
mobile network. Data is fed from the vehicle through to a central server operated by the systems
provider and via the internet to a desktop PC in the client operating centre. This is pictured in Figure 1 on
page 9.
Typically, the vehicle-based GPS receiver obtains geographical positioning information via radio signals
from a satellite. The on-board computer may also be receiving signals from the vehicle systems and/
or the driver. This information is then communicated centrally through the mobile communications
network through to a server. The data can then be viewed remotely by the client on a desktop PC
through an internet link. Information can also be passed from the server to the vehicle in order to
communicate with the driver or control the vehicle.
WARNING:
Whilst telematics have the capability to send information to, and alter settings on the
vehicle – the manufacturer should be consulted as doing so may damage the vehicle
and invalidate the warranty
A typical system operates by the on-board computer controlling the process. Once appropriate
information is relayed back to the office-based computer, an operator can see the vehicle’s exact position
on a computerised map. Other information can also be sent back as part of this process such as driver
and vehicle messages.
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Figure 1: Telematics Communications Network
Tracking Server
GSM Modem
Wide Area Network
GPS
GPRS
Local Area Network
Internet-based
Desk-top PC at
Main Office
On-board
GPS
Important Concepts
in virtually real-time; at predetermined intervals
ranging from minutes to hours; or by exception
such as a change of vehicle status e.g. ‘stopped’
to ‘moving’ (see below). Most telematics systems
use the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
protocol to transmit information, which is faster
and more cost-effective than the Short Message
Service (SMS) that is typically used for mobile
phone text messaging and which until recently
was the standard for most telematics systems.
Future generations of telematics, required to
handle large volumes of data, are likely to use the
third generation or 3G networks to transmit at
higher speeds up to 1.8 Mbps.
On-board Hardware
On-board hardware usually consists of a single
unit mounted into the vehicle’s cab, which can
be used to monitor a variety of variables, from
the vehicle’s location through to doors opening
or loads exceeding temperature or weight
tolerances. Principally other ‘bolt on’ sub systems
feed through this primary unit. Some solutions
have additional hardware to monitor both
cab and trailer independently – so if a trailer is
stolen or damaged it can be located quickly and
appropriate action taken.
Figure 2: Circuity
Communication Channels
Although there are many ways in which
information can be downloaded from the onboard computer, the majority of systems transmit
data over a wireless communication network.
The information can be transmitted back to base
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Exception Reporting
Telematics systems can produce a large volume of data, reporting on a range of areas. However, there
is a danger that too much information can be counterproductive. The best systems now incorporate
sophisticated exception reporting capabilities within the back office software, allowing users to quickly
select the information they require. Many systems also allow for the additional transmission of data only
when a specific event occurs. For example, this could be triggered when a vehicle reaches a specific
destination, or unexpectedly moves beyond a defined area. Most reporting functions are flexible enough
to incorporate many different industry types and operations. This includes the capability of tracking and
retaining historical data.
Geo-fencing
Geo-fences are lines and shapes that an operator can draw on the map that create virtual boundaries for
the vehicles being monitored. These then trigger an alert should a vehicle cross that boundary. There are
many types of geo-fence provided by different suppliers:
•Operating area - alerts base once a vehicle goes out of its operating area. This can be used for
security purposes or identifying unauthorised use of the vehicle
•Exclusion zone - alerts base if the vehicle enters an area prohibited by the operator
•Locations - typically distribution depots and customer locations. These are used to provide alerts
as vehicles approach or enter premises. Messages can also be sent to customers advising on vehicle
arrival times, so that warehouse staff are ready to receive the delivery. This data can also be used
historically to produce and support key performance indicators (KPIs)
Figure 2: Mapping Screenshot
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Figure 3: Geofencing
Customer Service
Routing and Mapping
Improved customer service is a core benefit of
telematics systems, as they can help to monitor
the effectiveness of customer service delivery.
Some customers demand a certain level of
telematics as a prerequisite when selecting
operators to use. They will often require operators
to provide service delivery data on a regular
basis that can only be supplied through the use
of telematics. In particular, the ability to support
KPIs in providing accurate and unchallengeable
data regarding arrival, unloading and departure
times is extremely valuable for many operations.
It also allows operators to take a proactive
approach with the customer, knowing when the
vehicles are encountering difficulties or delays
and so being able to inform them in advance,
potentially reducing disruption to the customer.
Giving drivers a visual representation of their
progress can be a powerful tool to help them
navigate the remainder of their journey. This can
help drivers to make the best use of valuable
time and fuel when locating a delivery point.
Routing and mapping software can also contain
other useful information such as real-time traffic
information, or the location of fuel stations,
restrictions, accommodation and lorry parking
areas.
Radio Frequency Identification
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) allows
organisations to identify, count and trace goods,
assets or people, using a microchip known as an
RFID tag, transponder or radio barcode. This is a
small radio device that comprises a simple silicon
microchip (typically less than 0.5mm in size)
attached to a small flat aerial and mounted on a
base. The device can then be placed in different
materials (such as plastic), depending upon its
intended usage. The finished tag can be attached
to an object (such as a box or pallet) and then
be read remotely to determine its identity or
position. A choice of passive and active tags to
suit the particular application is available.
Figure 4: Vehicle Routing
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Load Security
Security is a major issue in the logistics industry and telematics is being used as an extension of the
tracking function, not only to alert companies to vehicles being taken out of known delivery zones,
but also in providing alerts when vehicles have been entered without driver authorisation. The latest
systems can also identify and provide an alert when goods are removed from the vehicles or trailers at
unauthorised locations.
Panic buttons can also alert the transport office if the driver encounters problems through either an
accident or an attack.
WARNING:
Vehicle telematics are generally designed to operate without the need for drivers to directly
interact with the devices whilst they are on the road; however it is important to remember that
you and your staff have a duty to ensure road safety is not compromised.
It is strongly recommended that all systems - particularly in-cab terminals, communications
devices and satellite navigation systems - are positioned and operated in a manner that avoids
the need to view a screen or input information into a device whenever the ignition is turned on or
the vehicle is in motion.
Figure 5: Active RFID Tag
Figure 6: Passive RFID Tag
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Telematics Systems
In order to understand the characteristics of the main telematics systems you will need to establish:
•Key points
•Potential benefits
•Why operators might wish to use the system
•How it works
•What the system can do
•An indication of which operations it may suit best
•Other issues and future developments
This guide explains these issues for each system and case studies are provided to show how each system
has been deployed to help an operator improve efficiency.
Telematics for Vehicle and Driver (Parametric) Data
Key Points:
•Excessive or deteriorating fuel
Telematics for driver and vehicle data can
provide information about performance that
may be difficult to collect by other means.
Parametric data is the term used for the data
collected by the vehicle telematics unit, much
of which identifies mechanical problems or
poor driving styles that can have a significant
adverse effect on operating costs, for example:
•Over-revving within a gear
consumption
•Harsh braking
•Gear changing at inefficient engine revs
•Accelerator pedal pushed to the floor
when accelerating
•Idling
•Reduced accident rates that could lead
Potential Benefits:
to lower insurance costs
•Reduced fuel consumption through
•Increased vehicle and load security
effective fuel monitoring, to identify
losses and improve future vehicle
specification
•Vehicle and driver information can be
used to set up driver league tables.
If carefully implemented, these can
foster a healthy sense of competition
in your operation
•Reduced fuel consumption and
maintenance costs through effective
driver performance monitoring,
promoting improved driving styles
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‘Hard’ Telematics
Figure 7: Real Time Data
The actual transfer of data from vehicle to base
computer can take place in a number of ways;
hard telematics connects to the vehicle’s engine
management system (EMS) and allows the
greatest number of KPIs to be monitored. Most
modern telematics hardware connects via what’s
known as the CANbus (Controller Area Network
bus) providing a single point connection to
the vehicle and EMS. However, a CANbus is
only available on vehicles manufactured post
2005 and rated above 3.5 tonnes. Facilities for
other vehicles are available through additional
hardware known as an FMS gateway or directly
hardwired to the EMS.
The transfer of data from the vehicle can take
place in a number of ways:
Why Use Telematics to Collect
Vehicle and Driver Data?
•By the driver identification device, for
Telematics systems can help you to collect
information regarding compliance and
operational efficiency. Those systems that
measure vehicle and driver performance can be
a fundamental tool in helping you to improve
your business efficiency as well as maintain and
increase service levels.
example, when a smart card is swiped back
at the office
•Automatically by a wireless system, when
the vehicle is at the operational base
•By mobile phone networks (typically GPRS)
or satellite. A small number of systems now
provide GPRS roaming without additional
charges; traditionally, roaming costs were
prohibitively high with additional charges
for each country visited
How do they Work?
Primarily, there are two ways in which parametric
data can be collected from the vehicle, often
known as ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ telematics. These
determine the level of connection within the
vehicle and as such, the level of detail and range
of KPIs able to be monitored
How can These Systems be used?
These systems can help operators to monitor and
better understand:
‘Soft’ Telematics
•Driver behaviour and management -
recording instances of speeding, harsh
braking, over-revving, gear changing
patterns, green band driving and idling
Soft telematics use a combination of systems
such as vehicle tracking and accelerometers
to monitor performance. They do not directly
connect with the vehicle and hence are
interchangeable and require little installation as
well as removing problems surrounding possible
interference with vehicle systems. However,
without a direct connection the number of KPIs
is limited, primarily to speed, harsh acceleration/
braking and cornering performance. Indicators
such as MPG and fuel usage are not able to be
looked at without additional hardware.
•Driver time - utilisation, including delivery
and travel time – can be linked to digital
tachographs
•Customer service level - actual arrival
time at customers’ premises which can be
compared to expected arrival time
•Vehicle performance - fuel efficiency
through MPG or oil pressure recording
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•Route planning - recording locations
•Benchmarking - monitoring key
where serious congestion takes place,
which could influence future route planning
performance indicators (KPIs) for drivers
and vehicles, to encourage good driving
practices, timekeeping and safety
•Temperature control - providing
•Load security - recording the frequency
temperature records for products
transported in refrigerated units. Most
systems provide an alert when the
temperature goes outside a preset range,
although the more sophisticated systems
will also record actual temperature readings
and whereabouts of the opening of trailer
doors. More sophisticated systems can also
detect the removal of goods and assets in
unauthorised locations from vehicles and
trailers of all types, including curtain-sided
vehicles
•Preventing insurance claims
•Loads - monitoring environmental impacts,
For Which Operations Are they Most
Suitable?
•Vehicle accidents - historical data can
All operations, whether large or small, can
potentially benefit from collecting vehicle and
driver data. The level of detail and sophistication
invariably depends on the amount you want to
spend. Benefits are maximised with larger fleets
as vehicles can be managed on a fleet basis.
However, telematics suppliers have a range of
packages to suit all size companies and budgets.
recording the whereabouts of a vehicle, as
well as humidity and vibration, which could
affect the condition of the product being
transported
be used to help prove that a vehicle
was not involved in an alleged incident.
Some advanced systems can identify the
difference between a vehicle crashing into
something and being hit by another vehicle
Issues to Consider
Case Study 1: DJ Hewer
and Co. Ltd Reduce
Insurance Costs
Choosing a System
Before specifying a system, it is important to
spend some time considering exactly what
information you require and being clear on the
way in which you want it to be reported.
DJ Hewer and Co Ltd, a buildings services
installation and maintenance provider,
were offered a fixed insurance premium by
Norwich Union due to their use of Cybit’s
Fleetstar online telematics system.
You might choose a system developed by
a truck manufacturer or by an after-market
provider. Most truck manufacturers now provide
data collection products as standard in higher
specification new vehicles. Retrofitting systems
to an existing fleet may not be practical in many
cases.
During a 12-week trial, the system, costing
£720, achieved savings of £12,000. These
savings can be attributed to a reduction
in operational costs, an increase in
productivity and improved driver safety.
WARNING:
The vehicle manufacturer should be
consulted before installing any hard
telematics as to do so may affect your
warranty. Many manufacturers offer their
own systems and/or have agreements in
place with other telematics providers to
ensure that the vehicle is not damaged or
its performance is not affected
•Legal compliance - monitoring the laden
weight of the vehicle, drivers’ hours and
speed
•Vehicle maintenance - odometer readings,
components under warranty, ‘service due’
alerts and vehicle usage
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Many independent telematics suppliers now
interface with the vehicle CANbus/FMS, with the
advantages of allowing a single system to cover a
mixed fleet.
For further information on producing and
implementing driver league tables detailed
guidance is provided in the FREE guide
Saving Fuel through People
Please note that the CANbus/FMS capability built
into a vehicle varies with vehicle manufacturer in
terms of the data it produces.
These can be ordered FREE via the Hotline
0300 123 1250, or you can download them
from the website www.businesslink.gov.
uk/freightbestpractice
WARNING:
If drivers are assigned a PIN number to use as
an identifier when taking over the vehicle, then
suppliers should confirm how they guard against
an incorrect number being entered. Some
suppliers have arrangements with fuel bunkering
operators, to enable the driver identification
device to also be used to authorise fuel
dispensing. There is potential for this to be used
as part of a comprehensive fuel management
programme.
You should not rely solely on the accuracy
of on-board fuel meters to compare the
relative performance of different makes
of vehicle. Fuel meter accuracy varies
markedly from one make of vehicle to
the next, depending on the nature and
design of the vehicle’s fuel system and
the fuel return from the injectors. More
basic telematics systems calculate fuel
consumption according to predefined
information about vehicle models,
meaning that they may not reflect actual
consumption.
If you require further information on how to
manage and save fuel, including specifying
the right vehicle, detailed guidance is
available in the FREE Fuel Management
Guide, and many other Freight Best Practice
publications.
Driver Identification and
Management
Vehicle data is most valuable when it can be
attributed to a specific driver. A driver identity
card or key can be integrated into your telematics
system to help you identify both individual
vehicle and driver performance. Some systems
include a driver ID system as standard as well as
being able to integrate with digital tachographs.
This overcomes the issue of ensuring drivers ‘log
on’ to the telematics system in order to get the
driver specific data.
In-cab CCTV
An increasing number of telematics suppliers
are now offering to fit CCTV into cabs as part of
their offer. This allows a multitude of applications
to look at driver behaviour not detected by
parametric data, such as illegal use of mobile
phones/laptops and further evidence of driver
behaviour in the event of an incident, indeed
many CCTV installations operate by exception,
only recording in the event of an incident. CCTV
is also being developed to detect driver fatigue
and alert accordingly.
Driver league tables can be generated by using a
telematics system as part of a reporting method,
these tables can then be used to highlight
good and bad driver performance. The ID card
or key ensures that driver, rather than vehicle
performance can be measured and managed.
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Legal Obligations - Working Time Directive and Monitoring Drivers’
Hours
There are a number of telematics systems available which can be combined with analogue or
digital tachographs to help alert operators to potential breaches of the Drivers’ Hours Regulations.
Through linking driver ID keys to the tracking function, it is possible to automatically calculate
working time, including each driver’s running average throughout the working time reference
period. The system highlights potential problems or breaches of the regulations, in some cases
using a red, amber and green colour-coding system to highlight issues.
Data Presentation
The presentation of telematics data is very important and can help to save a lot of time when analysing
and reporting information. Choose the system that presents the data you need in the format that suits
you best. Exception reporting (see page 4) is particularly useful, reducing the volume of information
provided and thus helping to avoid the need to search through countless reports.
For some systems, data can be made accessible via a secure website for a monthly fee. Vehicle and driver
information can be stored on the supplier’s server, which can then be accessed through a secure web
address. Real-time and historical data can usually be accessed through this type of system. Web-based
systems are usually cheaper to supply and can potentially provide a cost-effective alternative to investing
in reporting software, particularly for smaller fleets. However, this inevitably comes at the cost of
compromising capability and speed. The alternative of choosing a server-based system provides far richer
functionality and higher speed of use, particularly for larger fleets, and significantly reduces the volume
of data through internal networks and proxy servers.
Case Study 2: Improved Management Information at
Neill & Brown Global Logistics Ltd
Peter Brown, Transport Manager of Neill & Brown, uses the Volvo Dynafleet telematics system. This
has been installed in all of the company’s vehicles and has provided a number of major benefits,
including:
•Ability to download information on a daily basis, showing hours driven/worked and enabling
staff to plan the vehicle’s programme for the next day
•Ability to show fuel usage per day and
miles per gallon, enabling costs to be
better controlled
•Data concerning engine information and
driver performance enable management
to target training at under-performing
drivers
This system has led to efficiency improvements
because previously the information could only
be downloaded by the local dealer during
servicing.
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The Future
•Telematics units are likely to become far
It is expected that vehicle and driver information
systems will continue to develop and the
following features may be integrated into these
systems:
•On-board road pricing technology may
more sophisticated in terms of accident
reporting
ultimately merge with telematics, although
the question of security to EC standards
remains an issue
•A new global navigation satellite system
called ‘Galileo’ is expected to be operational
around 2013 and should facilitate the
widespread use of smart cards. This could
allow drivers to download highly accurate
data concerning navigational positioning,
weather updates and other traffic
information such as accident warnings
•Telematics units will be able to
automatically register goods and assets on
and off the vehicle
•In-cab CCTV will become increasingly
popular to visually record driver behaviour
in terms of attention on the road and to
guard against activities such as laptop and
mobile phone use in cab
•Equipment may be able to access the
internet via wireless connections, or the 3G
network. This would allow large quantities
of information to be gathered in real time,
including road infrastructure information,
delivery details, progress updates and
information on invoicing to be fed to drivers
•CCTV may also be used to detect signs of
fatigue and alert the driver accordingly
There are a number of other, more general, issues
that might become important going into the
future, notably:
•Telematics units may become fully
integrated with RFID to provide not only
vehicle and trailer tracking but also goods
and asset tracking
•As telematics systems become more
sophisticated, drivers may increasingly use
technology to help them perform a range
of tasks. As drivers might be told where
and possibly how to drive, it will become
increasingly important for companies
to keep driver training in the use of new
technology up to date
•Common standards for telematics systems
are likely to be established, allowing
operators to use multiple systems within
their fleet
•Increasingly, telematics units will become
•As data is collected relating to the
Thatcham Cat 5 security compliant (a wellrecognised security standard accreditation
that signifies 24/7 asset monitoring and
police response)
performance and even personal identity
of drivers, issues surrounding privacy arise.
The benefits of risk management and
cost efficiency will have to be balanced
against the civil liberties of employees.
Management should be aware of the Data
Protection Act (1998) and Article 8 of the
Human Rights Act (1998) relating to the
privacy rights of the individual
•Telematics systems should become more
capable of identifying additional key areas
of bad driving behaviour
•Telematics, CANbus and tachographs
will increasingly converge into a single
technology that will improve the
monitoring of drivers’ hours and driver
behaviour, and may also allow operators
and the Vehicle Operator and Services
Agency (VOSA) to identify faults remotely
without the need to physically inspect the
vehicle
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Paperless Manifest and
Proof of Delivery (POD)
Figure 8: PDA
Key Points:
•System uploads manifest information
onto a driver terminal at the
beginning of the day or dynamically
throughout the day
•Generally, these systems are
most useful for larger, multi-drop
organisations such as parcel or home
delivery operations
•Electronic signature recognition
Why Use Paperless Manifest and
Proof of Delivery (POD)?
or barcode readers are usually
incorporated into these systems
•In-cab/mobile terminals can
•Reduced paperwork and
Operational efficiency can be hindered by
bureaucratic processes involving paper chasing
and complex filing systems which take up space
and waste time. The use of a paperless load
manifest and proof of delivery (POD) is aimed
at simplifying these processes, automating
paperwork tasks associated with deliveries and
making historical delivery data more accessible all of which can help to save costs.
•Fewer delivery and invoicing errors
How do they Work?
•Improved order status information
Paperless manifest and POD information is
loaded electronically into a driver terminal either
at the beginning of the day or dynamically
throughout the day.
be combined with a real-time
communication module, if required
Potential Benefits:
administration
and consignment tracking
•Fewer delivery disputes
•Improved customer service with a
The product receipt is usually confirmed through
an electronic signature, which is achieved by
using a special pen to write on a touch-sensitive
screen. Information is then loaded back into a
central system to record delivery and trigger
invoicing.
real-time view on performance
•Opportunity for invoicing prior to a
vehicle returning to base
One of the main components of a paperless
manifest and POD is the hand-held terminal,
known as a personal data assistant (PDA). This
is used for electronic signatures and can be
linked to the on-board unit and communications
system by placing it in a cradle, allowing for
the transmission of data and recharging of the
battery.
19
Delivery plans can be generated by a
computerised vehicle routing and scheduling
(CVRS) system and then transferred to the PDAs
used by drivers. PDAs can be used to send
messages to drivers and can also be used as
phones. They can incorporate barcode scanners
and in-cab printers for reading paperwork and/or
generating receipts.
•Automatic invoicing can be linked to the
Figure 9: Electronic Signature
In general, these systems are likely to offer most
benefit to multi-drop delivery operations and
operations where a vehicle is away from base for
long periods of time, allowing improved cash
flow through earlier invoicing.
accounts system to reduce manual inputs,
and can also speed up the process of
invoicing, encouraging prompt payment
For Which Operations Are They Most
Suitable?
Issues to Consider
Cost
These systems are relatively high cost. The return
on investment must be carefully assessed.
Use of Personal Data Assistants
When choosing a PDA, it is important to ensure
that it is sturdy enough to cope with daily
handling. A number of robust PDAs are available
and offer improved protection over a standard
PDA.
How Can the Systems Be Used?
Using docking cradles in the traffic office is
usually the simplest and most cost-effective
way to transfer information from your central
system to PDAs. Other systems are available
if information needs to be accessed in real
time. Cost/benefit analysis should be used to
determine the most appropriate system and
payback period for any operation.
These systems can help in a range of ways:
•The use of PDAs enables delivery and
advice notes to be quickly and easily
updated and amended, reducing the
likelihood of errors. They also reduce the
amount of paperwork generated, which
lowers the risk of delivery information
being lost or damage
Make sure the system you choose is capable of
handling a variety of different terminal types,
as compatibility variations exist even where the
same operating system is used.
•Customer service requests relating to the
status of the delivery can be met quickly
without the need to contact the driver. This
can reduce both the number of phone calls
required and the stress placed on the driver
System Integration
Most systems can integrate with ordering, stock
management and accounting software which
may already be used in the company. There may
be some software development costs to link
these compatible but separate systems together.
Look for systems with a flexible API (Application
Protocol Interface) to minimise integration costs.
An API is a programme within the software
•Systems allow checking to ensure that
drivers are running to schedule
•Systems provide the capability of knowing
what has been delivered and whether the
delivery was accepted by the customer. This
can help to prevent future disputes and
avoid delays in payment
20
provided by the telematics supplier which
allows data to be easily transmitted between it
and other software systems without the need
for expensive bespoke system integration. This
would be used, for example, where actual vehicle
route information collected by the telematics
system needed to be transferred to an existing
routing and scheduling package for actual versus
planned comparison.
Case Study 3: British
Telecom (BT) plc
BT distributes around 30,000 consignments
a day, including spare parts, materials, tools
and test equipment, either directly to the
end-user or to the 27,000 mobile engineers
using the TraX management system
developed by Skillweb. BT has two major
warehouses, nine depots and seven satellite
depots, and a fleet of 300 vehicles involved
in either trunking consignments between
sites or the collection and distribution to the
end-user on a daily basis.
This type of system can help to change the way
staff work, so careful implementation of the
system should take place, preferably in a phased
manner (see Choosing and Implementing a
System for further information).
The Future
All BT drivers use mobile PDAs to collect
their electronic manifests at the start of
the day, downloaded using the mobile
phone network or across their own
internal networks. The manifest contains
information on the consignments to be
delivered or collected. Drivers use barcode
scanning to track individual consignments
and collect electronic signatures at the
point of delivery or collection. In the
event of a problem, the driver can record
exceptions and automatically inform their
transport supervisor. For example, if a job is
cancelled and the delivery is not required,
the system is designed to handle this by
automatically returning the consignment to
stock.
Paperless manifest and POD systems are likely
to become ever more sophisticated over the
coming years. Some potential developments may
include:
•Links to online benchmarking tools
could be set up, so that key performance
indicators relating to deliveries and
customer service targets could be
automatically generated
•As systems advance, more information will
be available to drivers. It is important to
provide adequate training and guidance to
ensure this does not become overwhelming
and create a stressful environment for staff
•Systems are increasingly able to be
The benefits that BT has achieved through
the use of mobile computing include:
integrated into smart mobile phones
negating the need to have separate PDAs
•Reduced stock shrinkage, as all
consignments are tracked from source
to destination
Tips
•Greater control of operations,
An experienced supplier should be
prepared to help manage an IT system
changeover if necessary. For more advice on
an implementation plan, see Choosing and
Implementing a System.
as visibility has improved and
bottlenecks are more easily identified
and eliminated
•Greater accountability and
productivity of drivers through the
on-line end-of-day debriefing
In business-to-business operations, use the
marketing opportunity to tell customers
about the changes to the delivery system
and how it will benefit them.
•Fewer customer complaints, as
consignments are delivered as
promised
21
Key Points:
Potential Benefits:
•Individual trailer/vehicle tracking
•Costs are relatively low and the ROI
requires a GPS receiver, data
communications and a long-life
internal power supply
(return on investment) is exceptionally
good – make sure you select the most
appropriate system. The difference in
ROI between an inexpensive system
and a more bespoke, higher priced
system is usually little more than a few
months and often much less
•Many tracking software packages
are now web-based, making them
more affordable and convenient.
Server-based solutions are faster,
less demanding in terms of
network data volumes and may
be more appropriate when a more
comprehensive package is needed
•Helps to optimise fleet vehicle/trailer
asset control
•Increased fleet utilisation and reduced
standing time
•Server-based systems generally
•Improved security and ability to track
suit companies with larger fleets
and operations carrying specialised
loads, for example, high-value or
temperature-sensitive products
stolen loads and trailers
•Consignment tracking features can be
incorporated, even when deliveries
are made by sub-contractors
•System running costs must be
examined carefully, but fixed monthly
cost agreements are available
•Protection of high-value loads and
improved customer service
•Trailer tracking and temperature
•Ability to undertake remote
monitoring can be integrated with
RFID which can also be used to track
individual products and assets
temperature monitoring to ensure
load quality
•Better fuel utilisation by off-route
•Telematics systems can be installed
running
in either or both tractor unit and
trailer. These can be linked to identify
tractor/trailer combinations. In some
advanced systems, it is quick and easy
to link a hired tractor or trailer to an
existing fleet tractor/trailer
•Some advanced systems allow
temporary vehicles or trailers to be
added to the fleet without the need to
install hardware
22
Why use Telematics Systems to Track
your Vehicles and Trailers?
including speed, location of loads and time
spent at a location. This does not require driver
involvement.
The ability to track the movement of essential
assets such as vehicles and trailers enables
more effective management. These systems
have become more accessible, with more cost
effective, faster and more reliable connections
to location information. This potentially makes
tracking a viable option for both smaller and
larger businesses. Individual consignments and
assets can also be tracked, helping to improve
customer service and increase load security.
Communication between the vehicle and the
central computer is through a conventional GSM
mobile system generally using GPRS. Depending
on the nature of the operation, it may not be
necessary to have a continuous data connection,
as vehicle location may only be required to be
checked periodically.
Figure 10: Example of Vehicle Tracking
Software
For further information on product tracking,
detailed guidance is provided in the FREE
guide Information Technology for Efficient
Road Freight Operations.
How do they Work?
Tracking devices and accompanying software
allow you to instantly or periodically pinpoint the
location of a vehicle or trailer on a digital map.
A GPS receiver will intercept radio waves from
a satellite and establish the current location. A
transmitting device will send data on the vehicle’s
location to a central computer. This can provide
route history information so that utilisation
and exceptions can be measured. Many other
details can be obtained from tracking systems,
23
For Which Operations Are They Most
Suitable?
Tracking systems can be internet-based to ensure
that no software needs to be installed by the user
and every authorised user can access the system.
However, this does involve a compromise in
terms of both speed and capability. These
systems generally require monthly subscriptions.
For speed of operation, IT network capacity and
the highest security levels, many large companies
using tracking systems will benefit significantly
from server-based facilities, which require some
software to be installed and maintained.
These systems are generally considered essential
for companies operating large numbers of
trailers/vehicles, or operations that involve
specialised loads, such as perishable goods or
vulnerable high-value loads.
Vehicle and trailer tracking systems are normally
integrated when supplied by a single supplier;
however, integration with other telematics
systems is not always possible.
Vehicle and trailer tracking can help to:
•Monitor and reduce off-route mileage
Case Study 4: Trailer
Tracking at United
Biscuits (UB) Ltd
•Reduce the number of vehicles or trailers
United Biscuits (UB), a leading European
manufacturer of biscuits and snacks, has
equipped its trailer fleet with Masternaut’s
trailer tracking system, providing live
tracking via the internet. Rob Wright, UB’s
National Distribution Controller, said, “We
have complete visibility of our operation,
making dynamic planning much easier.
Also, because we rely on sub-contractors
for distribution, the trailer tracker provides
us with location information, whoever is
pulling the trailer. The system will give
savings of approximately £100,000 a year
through improved utilisation of fleet and
resources and that’s without considering
the customer service benefits.”
through tracking driver movements.
Awareness amongst drivers of this facility
may help to manage deviations from the
route and reduce total fuel used
needed through better utilisation of
available fleet resources
•Replace physical asset audits which can
often provide inaccurate information,
correct only at a given moment in time
•Prevent vehicle and trailer theft and track
stolen vehicles and goods
•Assist with consignment tracking and geo-
fencing. This can help to improve customer
service through advanced warnings being
given to the delivery point
•Make back-loading easier owing to more
responsive route planning
•Optimise driver utilisation
•Reduce insurance premiums owing to
increased vehicle/trailer security and driver
safety
•Provide customers with access to
online tracking systems, so they can
independently view progress with their
consignment
24
Issues to Consider
Before embarking on purchasing and installing a tracking system, there are a number of issues to
consider.
On-board Vehicle Positioning
Vehicle and trailer tracking devices are small boxes with GPS and GSM/GPRS or GSM/SMS functionality
that are sometimes installed in the cab or the engine compartment, or attached directly to the trailer. In
many instances, vehicle tracking systems are just one part of a more complete telematics solution (see
vehicle and driver data).
The majority of tracking devices are self-contained and can power themselves for long periods. However,
unless some form of external charging is available, reduced reporting frequency and other significant
limitations will be inevitable. These are either battery-driven, have a recharge capability when connected
to a tractor or, more recently, solar-powered. Products have also been developed to survive in trailers that
endure extremes of temperature, road salt and steam cleaning. These products are waterproof and more
robust, and have low power consumption for a longer life.
If products are to be used for security purposes, they need to be well hidden in the trailer or vehicle and
resistant to tampering and damage, and care needs to be taken in choosing the most suitable system.
Case Study 5: Vehicle Tracking at Marshalls plc
Marshalls is a leading manufacturer of natural stone and concrete paving products, supplying
the construction, home improvement and landscape markets. Products are distributed to various
customer depots and sites throughout the UK from a national network of 12 manufacturing and
service centres.
The integrated GPRS-based telematics solution from Cybit allows Marshalls to monitor its fleet in
real time, enabling a quick and efficient response to any operational problems, to ensure deliveries
are made on time.
“If anything goes wrong on the road - be it traffic, a breakdown, a hold up at a customer’s site or an
accident - we are aware of it within five minutes. This is key to our successful delivery operation,”
commented Stewart Potter, Group Logistics Manager at Marshalls. “This knowledge allows us to
re-plan, re-prioritise and reschedule our delivery workload, to meet our customers’ needs and
maintain maximum delivery output.”
25
On-Board Satellite
Navigation (Sat-Nav)
Separate Vehicle and Trailer
Tracking
Some systems offer a trailer tracking function
but only through devices fixed to tractor units.
This means that when a trailer is uncoupled and
left unattended, it is no longer being tracked.
Other systems have devices attached to both the
tractor and trailer.
Key Points:
•Systems can provide guidance directly
to a postcode or address
•Verbal and visual guidance is provided
System Outputs
by many systems
Some software can provide exception reporting
facilities to pinpoint where drivers have gone offroute and where speed limits have been broken.
Mapping software (GIS) is an integral part of a
tracking system and is generally similar between
packages. It is important to make sure that the
user interface is clear and easy to use.
•Extremely accurate positioning to
within a few metres
•Can be integrated with other systems
such as route planning software
•Mapping software used may not be
HGV-specific and great care must be
taken not to use inappropriate routes
Most systems will provide an automatic serious
accident alert. The more sophisticated systems
will also provide alerts for roll-overs and
dangerous driving practices and distinguish
between a vehicle hitting something and being
hit.
Potential Benefits:
•Less map reading required
The Future
•Reduced planning time, journey time
and lost running time, and thus less
overtime
Some potential developments of vehicle and
trailer tracking applications include:
•Some systems offer traffic information
•Tracking systems that ensure road tax
in real time, helping drivers to avoid
congestion
compliance, if road pricing is introduced
in the future. EC standards may well result
in security requirements that require a
separate dedicated road charging unit
•Improved customer service through
more reliable operations
•Reduced driver stress and increased
•GSM communication networks will
concentration, making the journey
safer
continue to become faster and cheaper,
which will make the communication of
larger data volumes increasingly feasible
•Potentially less time spent looking for
destinations in busy traffic conditions
•As the tracking of vehicles and trailers
becomes more comprehensive, driver
movements will be monitored more
closely. This could give rise to issues of
trust between drivers and management.
However, there are important benefits for
drivers, particularly in terms of lone worker
safety, and these need to be communicated
to your staff at the start of any process to
implement a telematics system
•Reduced fuel consumption
•Live arrival time predictions
26
Why Use Satellite Navigation?
WARNING:
Sat-Nav is now commonplace in many car and
van fleets due to improvements in technology
and affordability. Sat-Nav can also be useful for
HGVs and equipment has now been developed
specifically for the HGV market. It is often a
company’s first step into the use of IT systems to
aid their business beyond the conventional PC
and some potential benefits include:
You should not attempt to use a SatNav designed for a car or vehicle type
other than what you are operating.
Mapping information may not take into
account a number of factors specifically
important to the lorry driver, such as
weight restrictions, bridge heights and
road widths. Make sure that drivers are
instructed on how to use Sat-Nav safely
while driving.
•Helps to reduce instances of drivers being
lost
•Reduces time spent preparing route
How do they Work?
directions prior to journey departure
The Sat-Nav unit within the vehicle will pick
up radio signals from GPS satellites and then
calculate its current position. This information is
displayed on a screen using digital map data and
voice instructions are provided to the driver.
•Drivers will be guided to take a route
calculated as being the optimum
(depending on the criteria applied)
•If appropriately used, Sat-Nav can be
quicker and safer than trying to read a map
The information is repeatedly updated to
provide accuracy to within a few metres.
Mapping software usually includes other useful
information, such as fuel stations and hotels.
Systems normally allow drivers to input the
postcode or road name of the delivery point.
HGV-relevant information such as the location
of truckstops and other useful facts are not yet
featured as standard on many conventional SatNav systems.
•Avoids occasions where verbal directions
are sought by the driver en route, either via
a mobile phone or by stopping the vehicle
and asking for help from passers-by
•The possibility of saving fuel by reducing
off-route mileage and facilitating a
smoother driving style through advanced
warning of required directions
27
There are two main types of on-board navigation:
screen-based units and the less common
‘off-board’ server-based products, where the
supplier’s central system is used to calculate the
best route and this information is then sent out
to the driver in one transmission or periodically.
Case Study 6: Tracking
Systems at Yuill &
Dodds Ltd
HGV specific Sat-Navs have the facility to take
into account the weight and dimensions of the
vehicle, as specified by the operator, therefore
ensuring the routing solution avoids roads
which are not suitable. (For example low bridges
or tight turns, exceeding the dimensions and
manoeuvrability limits of the vehicle). They
often also recognise the slower speeds HGVs are
subject to and that left turns are less disruptive
than right turns across traffic.
Yuill & Dodds Ltd is a Scottish haulage
contractor covering the whole of the UK.
With more than 100 vehicles, most of
them 32 tonnes and over, the company
provides bulk tipper and logistics transport
for all requirements. They specialise in
contaminated waste disposal and just in
time deliveries for their wide client base.
The company found it difficult to search for
a suitable system. They looked at several
tracking systems, but TomTom WORK
seemed to provide tracking combined
with connected navigation in an all in one
solution.
WARNING:
Drivers should know the height of their
vehicle and obey all prohibitive road signs
regardless of sat-nav instructions. When
planning routes, drivers should remain on
the motorway or primary route network
for as long as is reasonably possible
In October 2006 Yuill & Dodds introduced
Connected Navigation from TomTom WORK
to the fleet. 109 trucks and six service vans
have been equipped with the TomTom LINK
black-box and the TomTom GO navigation
system. With the new solution the company
was able to get immediate information
about the order status and their vehicles’
positions. Furthermore, they were able to
improve their quality management.
For Which Operations Are they Most
Suitable?
Sat-Nav systems are generally most useful
for multi-drop delivery operations but can be
valuable for nearly all types of operation where
drivers are unfamiliar with their delivery points,
either because they are new to the operation, are
temporary staff or are constantly required to visit
unfamiliar destinations (e.g. spot hire operations).
Navigation could be especially beneficial for:
According to Brian Yuill: “live information is
crucial to the business and it offers greater
control of the fleet. The company are now
able to let customers know within seconds
where drivers are, when they arrived and
when they left. Also, when a lorry goes
in for service, the system can tell when
the ignition is switched on or off, hence
providing overall vehicle management”.
•Parcel/courier delivery services
•Home delivery companies
Some of the major benefits since the
introduction of the connected navigation
solution include the reduction in phone
bill costs, and the time and the fuel
saved through drivers navigating to their
destination first time, every time.
•Groupage/general haulage
•Rural delivery operations (e.g. farms)
•Special Types (for example, car transporters,
furniture delivery companies, home and
office relocation companies and skip
collection/delivery companies)
28
Issues to Consider
System Integration
Key Points:
Hand-held terminals, PDAs and mobile phones
can be integrated with Sat-Nav devices to convey
information both visually and verbally.
•Systems provide in-cab information
about road traffic conditions
nationwide
Driver Control and Safety
•Systems can also be linked to in-cab
Sat-Nav systems, assisting with the
identification of a revised route to
avoid congestion
It is important to be aware that drivers must
always be in full control of the vehicle and
must ensure they are not distracted by Sat-Nav
equipment while driving.
The Future
Potential Benefits:
•Sat-Nav systems could include information
•Provides the means by which drivers
on road and congestion charging, speed
limits, and urban zones that may be permit
restricted. This offers the potential to
improve the safety of journeys, not only for
HGVs but also for other road users
can identify congestion ahead so that
alternative routes may be found
•Helps to reduce journey delays,
particularly when communicating
with in-cab navigation systems
•Real-time traffic information systems are
the next step for much of this equipment
and it is worth considering whether or
not the products to be purchased can be
upgraded. The use of GPS and the eventual
implementation of Galileo (planned for
circa 2011-2013) could enable vehicles to
receive real-time traffic information
•Improved customer service through
more reliable deliveries
•Text-to-voice activation tools mean that
messages can be typed in at the base
office and then be translated into a spoken
message to the driver
29
Why Use Traffic Information Systems (TIS)?
Encountering delays en route can be costly for freight businesses and TIS systems can reduce these
instances.
Until recently, most traffic information was received on the in-cab radio data system (RDS) local travel
broadcasts. TIS capabilities are networked to provide detailed live and up-to-date traffic information to
a screen in the cab.
How do they Work?
Data on traffic conditions is collected at a range of levels and by many different organisations. One
example is the National Traffic Control Centre (NTCC), which is run by the Highways Agency and provides
trunk road information nationwide. Data is collected by roadside sensors, by vehicles specially fitted with
a GPS tracking device and from police and local authority traffic cameras.
Transmitting Information
Traffic information is sent to vehicles via GSM, a private network, or RDS-TMC (Radio Data System-Traffic
Message Channel). The diagram below shows how a vehicle can pick up traffic flow information from the
vehicles in front and then a decision can be made to take the alternative route represented in green.
Figure 11: Traffic Information System Diagram
TIS
Operator
Congested
Route
Alternative
Route
30
The Future
•Early warning of congestion, bad weather
Operators demand ever faster and more accurate
information but are sometimes sceptical as to the
timeliness and accuracy of current information.
Steadily improving traffic information capture will
boost operator confidence. Future developments
in TIS may allow traffic information to be
transmitted to vehicles as a standard feature of
many telematics systems.
conditions, road traffic accidents and speed
limits can improve road safety
•Real-time information can help re-routing
when necessary
•Historical data may influence future route
planning decisions
Safety and Security
Systems
For Which Operations Are they
Most Suitable?
TIS are more likely to be useful for those
operations involving high mileage, especially
on the motorway and trunk road networks.
The systems also offer potential benefits for
operations with highly time-sensitive deliveries,
such as parcel delivery operators.
Key Points:
Issues to Consider
•Provides an alert of a vehicle break-in
Level of Sophistication
•Alert produced by a lone worker panic
•Provides an alert if a driver is
encountering difficulties, through the
use of panic buttons or motion sensor
technology
system
Different types of in-cab hardware are available
depending on the level of sophistication
required. A cost-benefit analysis will help your
decision-making process.
•Provides an alert if a vehicle moves
outside a predefined area or a
predefined time period
A range of functions are available including voice
warnings, in-cab screens displaying congestion
on the trunk road network, auto-locate (a
function which scrolls the map as the vehicle
moves) and icons indicating average traffic
speeds at various network locations.
Potential Benefits:
•A safer and more secure working
environment for drivers
•Improved security of goods and
Accessing Information
vehicles
•The ability to immediately be
It is possible to view traffic conditions on a
screen at base and also from other locations
via the internet, allowing traffic managers to
take decisions to re-route drivers in the event of
incidents or congestion.
informed of a security breach and
track the vehicle or driver (see Vehicle
and Trailer Tracking Devices)
31
Why Use Security Systems?
The safety and security of drivers, vehicles, and loads are important for every operation, but operators
transporting high-value goods over greater distances or operating at night can experience increased
risks.
Risk management is an important part of any operation and taking comprehensive action to reduce
threats to safety and security is essential. Insurance companies may offer a lower premium if they know
an anti-theft system is in place.
How do they Work?
System operation varies; however, there are some basic common features:
•Some systems are operated by key cards which the driver will activate before the journey starts.
Contact can be made automatically with the police if a card is not used. Some systems issue an alert
if a valid driver ID is not present and can often be configured to prevent the vehicle being restarted
in the absence of a valid driver ID
•The driver can also wear a wrist tag which can be activated under certain circumstances, such as an
impact caused by the driver falling over
•When a vehicle enters or leaves an area identified by geo-fencing, or doors are opened by an
unauthorised person or in an unauthorised location, or a panic button is pressed, information can
be sent immediately to a control room, or indeed any mobile phone of choice. The information can
include a location for the vehicle
•Many security systems are linked to vehicle and trailer tracking systems (see section on Vehicle and
Trailer Tracking Devices)
Tips
In addition to tracking systems, some trucks and trailers are accredited for levels of security by
independent bodies such as Thatcham, giving you reassurance as to the security of your vehicle –
particularly relevant if you are looking to carry high-value loads.
32
Safety Systems
•Panic buttons that allow the driver to alert their base instantly of a serious security incident. Police
can be alerted and the vehicle can be tracked. Please note that a properly thought out system of
response is required as the emergency services may not respond to an unspecified alarm. The best
systems will have some means of identifying the type of alert and have a system in place to respond
accordingly and some are being integrated into mobile phones
•Lone worker panic button systems are designed to help increase the safety and reduce the
risk associated with making deliveries in unattended locations. Alarms can also be activated
automatically, for example, when the device is pulled from the driver’s wrist. The user will either feel
or hear an alarm, which they have the opportunity to cancel within a certain time period. Systems
usually have a shock sensor that will send an alarm if the individual falls or is involved in an accident
•Automatic alarm in the event of a serious accident
•Automatic vehicle roll-over alert
•Automatic dangerous driving alert
Figure 12: Personal Alert Device
33
Security Systems
For which Operations are they Most
Suitable?
•Vehicles known to be stolen can be
remotely prevented from being restarted.
Immobilisation can be accompanied by
door locking, flashing lights, and horn
sounding - measures designed to draw
attention to the vehicle. Please note that
it is an offence to intervene with a moving
vehicle; therefore, immobilisation of any
type is in contravention of Thatcham Cat 5
approval requirements and as a result the
UK police are unlikely to respond
•Operations where high-value or vulnerable
goods are being transported
•Where drivers are operating alone,
delivering at night to unmanned premises
or travelling into areas considered to have a
heightened risk factor
Issues to Consider
It is extremely important that the deployment
of any type of alarm be supported by a properly
thought out, efficient, prompt and robust
response process. Without this critical element,
an employer may well find themselves liable for
the health and safety repercussions resulting
from the lack of an effective and timely response.
This requires an accurate definition of what the
alarm is: hijack health problem, accident etc, and
a fully effective response tailored to each incident
type.
•The opening of vehicle doors can be
recorded and tagged with time and
location information. Unauthorised trailer
door openings during a journey can be
identified
•A Secure Operating Centre can be
used to track a vehicle once a theft has
been reported. Other systems will pass
information to police forces able to
locate the stolen vehicle using suitably
equipped police vehicles. It is important to
remember that the UK and European Police
Services will only respond if the system is
a Thatcham Cat 5 approved system. The
level of response may however vary from
country to country
For further advice on police policy toward vehicle
tracking and security systems, you can download
the ‘Stolen Vehicle Tracking: ACPO and Home
Office Guidance to Companies on Police Policy’
from www.homeoffice.gov.uk
The Future
•To help counter theft overseas, a phone
number can be given to ring in the event of
an incident. Information will be passed on
to the police in the local language, tracking
the vehicle using pan-European tracking
equipment, if fitted to the vehicle
Future features of security and safety-focused
telematics systems could include:
•Lane sensors fitted in vehicles to prevent
the driver from drifting between lanes,
helping to improve road safety
•Interfaces can be set up with temperature
sensors, in order to monitor the integrity of
refrigeration systems
•Automatic obstacle detection and
emergency braking
•An alert can be sent to a mobile phone
•Technology to determine and manage
immediately after the vehicle has been
stolen and police can be given access to
the system via the internet, giving them the
potential to intercept the vehicle or trailer
spacing between vehicles, generating alerts
where proximity parameters are breached
34
Choosing and Implementing a System
How to Select a System
If the implementation of a telematics system is managed properly and careful thought is given to product
selection, it can provide a sustained return on investment, improve efficiency and lower costs. However,
in the worst case, it can make tasks more difficult, alienate staff and even have a negative impact on
profitability and customer relationships.
The basic project steps are shown in Figure 13 below. It is worth noting that many of these are
straightforward decisions in small operations. However, the overall process should be followed wherever
possible.
Identifying Your Needs and Requirements
Firstly, assign a Project Champion, who will oversee the process. The first task for the Project Champion
is to evaluate the current systems and processes already in place and assess where operational
weaknesses exist. Needs should be considered in terms of current and future requirements. A short-term
decision could result in future opportunities being missed, or capital being wasted on a system that will
subsequently have to be replaced. Many telematics suppliers are able to offer bolt-on solutions, so that a
company can expand its operational capabilities gradually and simply add products when the business
requires it.
Vehicle tracking systems are relatively low cost and have a very high ROI (return on investment) - choose
your system by capability rather than price. The difference in payback period between a cheap system
and a more suitable but more expensive one is often only a few months, and can be significantly reduced.
Tip
A list of recognised original equipment and retrofitted security systems can be found on the
Thatcham website: http://www.thatcham.org/security/pdfs/compliance.pdf
A key decision is between the browser-based systems and the typically more expensive server-based
systems. At first glance, a browser-based system looks the easiest and cheapest option. However, for large
fleets this can bring a number of problems. Server systems are far less demanding in terms of IT network
and proxy server data volumes, and as a result are much faster which benefits those with larger fleets and
enables the system run to be more feature-rich.
Tip
Consider the benefits of choosing a system that has the ability to be expanded to include other
functions, should you require them in the future.
35
Figure 13 : Telemetric Implementation Plan
4.2 Identifiying your Needs and Requirements
Select Project
Champion
Evaluate your systems
and processes
Identify your requirements
for present and future
Inform and Involve
your staff
4.3 Product and Supplier Selection
Research market for
available products
Shortlist products and
arrange supplier
presentations
Estimate cost benefits of
system and risk analysis
Select supplier
4.4 Implementing the System
Pilot system (testing)
Set target savings to be
achieved and develop plan
Train staff and roll
out system
4.5 Monitoring and Improving the System
Shortlist products and
arrange supplier
presentations
Adjust the system and
introduce training
Case Study 7: Online MBT Ltd Tracker Sub Contractors
Online MBT Ltd is a haulier that also uses a number of sub-contractors to provide traction for its fleet
of semi-trailers. The company was interested in tracking loads moved by its sub-contractors but
decided that it was unrealistic to expect them to install a continuous data collection tracking system
in their vehicles. The company resolved this issue by fitting a trailer tracking device in each of its
own semi-trailers. By using this system, Online MBT can obtain a global position for the semi-trailer
approximately three times a day, providing the necessary level of information to gain reassurance
that deliveries are being made as planned. This has helped the company to ensure customer service
levels are maintained and improved and with the benefits of its in-house technology company,
Online Technology, it has been able to bring vast experience and knowledge to this market place.
36
The most important stage is to involve staff
and drivers at an early stage of the project and
communicate clearly the reason for the need
to adopt such a system. These will differ with
different operations and the choice of system;
however a few examples are given below:
WARNING:
Be careful not to over-specify your
system, or be convinced by a supplier to
buy products you don’t need. You may be
able to add extra functions later.
•Employer Duty of Care responsibilities - a
telematics system can automatically send
an alert to base in the event of a serious
accident enabling immediate action by
the employer in contacting the emergency
services and providing an accurate location
T able 1 on page 38 provides a list of common
operational issues and shows which type of
telematics system may be most appropriate to
help solve them.
•Drivers are a critical element in any
This process will help in drawing up a
comprehensive list of needs and requirements.
For small types of operation, this could be a
single page list. However, for large companies
there might be a need to produce a Functional
Requirement Specification (FRS) to ensure
the system meets more complicated user
requirements. This can then be used when
producing an invitation to tender (ITT) for
potential suppliers, letting them know what
you want the system to provide. Either way, it is
important to have some kind of list to help you
ensure that you ask the right questions during
discussions or interviews with the suppliers.
transport operation and as with all staff,
like to feel they are providing a professional
service and ensure they are made to feel a
key part of the team. Far from being a ‘spyin-the-cab’, the system can help improve
the standard of driver professionalism and
provide targeted training - all of which add
to the skill base of your drivers
•Vehicle telematics data can help reduce
operating costs - this is a key element
in helping to ensure the viability of an
operation in a competitive environment
and contributes to job security
In the following sections it is assumed that these
issues have been considered and that investment
in a new telematics system has been identified as
a means to address the needs of the business.
•Office based staff can use the system to
Involving Your Staff
•Driver league tables and incentives based
provide rapid information to customers,
such as delivery times
on the performance data provided by the
system can also be considered, but with
an emphasis on the positive, possibly with
some sort of reward given for the best
driver each month for example
You should discuss system functions and needs
with those who would use the equipment and
those managing the process. You should not
underestimate the importance of explaining
the system to your drivers and other staff, as
they will be using the system and efficiencies
can only be gained if they are fully behind its
implementation.
You should also consider the technical abilities
of your staff, and determine their ability to cope
with the new technology and the level of training
that would be required. You should identify
whether you have a sufficient IT infrastructure to
run the telematics system.
There are a variety of ways in which you can
motivate and gain the positive participation
of staff and drivers when adopting a vehicle
telematics system.
37
Table 1 Operational Issues and Telematics Solutions
x
High vehicle maintenance costs
x
x
x
x
High road accident rate
x
x
x
x
x
Unable to measure and therefore manage vehicle MPG
x
Monitoring of driver training
x
x
x
x
x
Driver trainers do not know where to focus efforts
x
x
x
x
Corporate manslaughter liability
x
High overtime and over night costs
x
x
x
x
Inaccurate timesheets
x
x
x
x
Delay on customer site, e.g customer service due to
unknown location of vehicle
x
x
x
x
x
x
Poor customer service due to unknown location of vehicle.
x
x
x
x
x
x
Time-consuming performance level reporting
x
x
x
Driver security and load theft issues
x
x
x
Unacceptable standing time and low drop rate
x
x
x
Poor trailer utilisation
x
x
x
High-value loads, sub-contract hauliers
x
x
x
No remote monitoring of load temperature
x
x
x
High mobile phone costs
x
Safety issues surrounding use of mobile phones
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Too much time spent on paperwork and administration
On-board
navigation
x
Paperless
manifest and
PoD
Traffic
information
system
Retrospective
tracking
x
Text
communications
Real time vehicle
tracking
Poor vehicle MPG
Operational Issues
Trailer tracking
Driver and
vehicle data
Telematics Solution
x
x
Inviocing errors
x
Lack of order status, meaning poor customer service
Too many POD disputes
x
x
x
x
x
x
Delays and increased costs as unable to locate delivery point
x
x
No accurate ETA information for customers
x
x
Unpredictable trafic delays en route
x
38
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
•Interviewing/demonstration - once you
Product and Supplier
Selection
have decided on a short list of suppliers, try
to get a demonstration of each system and
gain a better understanding of the costs
and benefits involved. Potential suppliers
should accurately identify exactly what
each key feature provides and specify
precisely any limitation with each of them.
The development of an impartial scoring
system is essential to help you assess who
to pick and to justify why you reject others
they may ask for feedback!
Although selecting a product and supplier will
be affected by the scale of the project and your
current knowledge, in nearly all cases it will
always be best to shop around.
Obviously, the price and system features will play
major parts in any investment decision and, in
many cases, supplier and product selection will
take place hand-in-hand with the evaluation of
costs and benefits. There are many issues that
need to be considered in choosing a product and
supplier for larger systems, but for simplicity the
process can be broken down into three key steps:
It is important to ask about the potential to
customise the system to meet the needs of
your business. Look into whether there are any
maintenance charges or other on-going costs
not included in the initial purchase price - will it
be upgradable? Many suppliers offer telematics
systems on a leasing arrangement. This can
avoid the need for a large initial outlay and can
mean that it is easier for software/hardware to be
updated, although it might cost more over the
life of the product. Compare all of the available
options and costs before making a final decision.
Ensure that the chosen supplier confirms in
writing exactly what the on-going charges will
be after the initial contract period ends, who
owns the hardware at the end of the contract
period and who is responsible for the costs of
de-installation.
•Initial evaluation - this can be done
through your own research or by engaging
an independent consultant before you
approach any suppliers. Most telematics
suppliers have good websites and
carrying out some initial research will
help you to feel more confident when
you approach sales people. Please note
the critical decision in choosing between
web-based systems and server-based
systems, particularly if you have a large
fleet, complex requirements or IT network
capacity issues. In order to get you started
there is a list of potential contacts in
Appendix 1. Upon completion of this stage,
you should have a list of features you want
from your telematics system in terms of
capabilities and level of support. Table 3
provides direction on what you should look
for
The majority of suppliers operate a modular
system surrounding a core product/piece of
hardware to aid flexibility. Options can be ‘bolted
on’ to suit any operation providing a multitude
of different offerings from the same supplier. It is
therefore vital to know what your requirements
are before engaging any suppliers.
•Short-listing - decide on a handful of
suppliers that you wish to contact and
obtain more details; the higher the
potential outlay, the greater the benefits
of shopping around and getting more
quotes. Suppliers should be fully capable of
helping you prepare a detailed assessment
of the business case and producing an ROI
specific to your business. A professional
financial assessment of any prospective
supplier is absolutely critical; if the supplier
becomes insolvent you may find you have
to continue paying for a system that no
longer works
Tip
You may want to consider an independent
consultant to help you in your selection
process or there are a number of
independent bodies you can contact such
as a trade association or the ACPO Vehicle
Crime Intelligence Service (AVCIS)
39
Shortlist of Suppliers
This method may seem very structured and is
probably best used in larger organisations where
procurement processes need to be formalised. If
yours is a smaller company, the decision process
may take a considerably shorter time and be less
complicated. An example assessment sheet is
shown in Table 3.
Several suppliers may meet your requirements
and, after the initial research has been
completed, you could feel spoilt for choice. It
is important to reduce the number of potential
suppliers down to a short list of about three
- those suppliers that best fit your needs and
purpose.
For larger companies, the next step will be to
produce an invitation to tender (ITT), stating the
product requirements. This is then sent out to the
short-listed suppliers and they should be invited
to present and demonstrate their products.
For smaller companies, this may simply be a
matter of inviting some suppliers to your office
and asking them a series of questions. Inviting
those who will ultimately use the system to such
demonstrations is extremely important and will
assist in obtaining staff approval. Of course, for
more modest systems, such as portable satellite
navigation, it will be more likely that an internet
search plus visits to retail stores would suffice.
Prior to the short-listed suppliers demonstrating
their telematics systems, it is a good idea
to construct a list of requirements. Your
requirements can be converted into a series of
questions to help you decide which product is
the most suitable. For large-scale investments,
the questions might have varying degrees of
importance and hence you could consider
weighting the questions to reflect this.
The response to these questions can then be
scored. An example of a scoring system is shown
below:
Table 2: Weighting Criteria
Score
Meaning
0
Not met / no responce or not applicable
1
Possibally met , i.e responce unclearor claims to meet but no
detail provided
2
Mostly met (even if by enhancement or option)
3
Fully met (even if by enhancement or option)
40
Table 3: Supplier Assessment Sheet
Criteria
Supplier 1
Supplier 2
Supplier 3
Supplier 4
Vehicle Set Up and Handling
Installation Time
Compatibility with Existing Telematics
Willingness to Undertake Trial
Expansion Ability
Does it Measure All your Perameters?
Measure All
Measure More than 50%
Measure Less than 50%
None
Management Reports/System
Web Based
Graphical Summary
Ability to Export to Excel
Can Telematics Company Manage the System
Training and Support
24/7 coverage
Face to face/ Telephone etc
Response Time
Manager/Driver/Driver Trainer
Cost
Capital Cost
Management Cost
Installation/De-Installation
Training/Support/Admin
Market
Number of Vehicles Fitted
Number of Clients
Testimonials: Number/Quality
Familiarity with your vehicle type
GRAND TOTAL
41
•Project management - may be necessary if
System Costs and Benefits
you are making a large investment
The cost of telematics equipment has steadily
decreased over the past few years with the
increased use of internet applications, which
reduce the need for software to be installed.
There is now a range of low-cost systems
available.
•Monthly access fee to internet-based
systems - this has become very popular. Be
aware that communication costs may not
be included; ask the supplier to provide
estimates of all system costs
From this process, recommendations can be
made and then the supplier of choice can be
awarded a contract to provide the telematics
system. For large companies this may be a formal
process, while for smaller companies this may
involve signing a simple service agreement or
even making a one-off purchase.
It is important to undertake a cost-benefit
analysis before making a decision to buy. As a
very simple assessment, consider the two largest
variable costs - fuel and labour.
It is essential to remember that if you want
to monitor the benefits then there must be
measuring facilities in place beforehand. If you
do not already measure fuel consumption, then
how will you compare the new MPG figures
attributable to the system? Many telematics
suppliers will recommend a pilot period in
which benchmarks can be assessed to gain
an understanding of the benefits that could
be realised. This may involve installing the
equipment initially without informing drivers, so
as not to skew the baseline results. You must be
careful in doing this and make sure the results are
not used to assess performance.
Support, Training and Adaptability
Are Crucial
The importance of support, training and
adaptability issues will be determined by the
size of the system in which you are investing. A
basic Sat-Nav system will probably be very easy
to introduce into your operation. However, the
roles of support, training and the potential to
modify the system in the future should not be
overlooked.
Quotes from suppliers can be expected to
provide costs for some or all of the following:
Before investing in a telematics system, a number
of questions can be asked of the potential
supplier to gain a better understanding of the
level of support, training and adaptability that
will be provided with the system. Amongst these
questions are:
•Vehicle equipment - itemised to
component level
•Installation of vehicle equipment - fixed
price per unit/total order is more attractive
than paying for labour
•How long does training take and what
training services are available?
•Management software licence - an annual
•What level of computer knowledge is
or one-off fee
required of the staff that will use the
system?
•Management software maintenance - ongoing updates and support, with liability
insurance in case the system is faulty
•What arrangements exist for annual
maintenance?
•Training - generally costed as a daily
•Can the system adapt and keep pace with
charge
the transport operation developments
within the organisation?
•Is the system capable of readily interfacing
with other existing systems?
42
•Is the system being continually developed
Remember, the supplier may be demonstrating
the product in a scenario that is designed to
convince you to buy their product.
and enhanced?
•How frequently are updates issued and how
are they distributed?
WARNING:
•Is support from the IT system provider
Trials can be lengthy, consuming
valuable management time if not
carefully managed. The results may not
be representative of the entire fleet and
thus does not show the true benefits, or
it could be that the system is not used
regularly, so it does not become part of
usual working practices. Test a system in
a situation that is truly relevant to your
operation.
available 24 hours a day?
•What engineering support is available and
when?
•What is the average response time to a
problem for both software and hardware
issues?
•Is support available on-line?
•Does the supplier provide a manual?
If all the appropriate steps have been taken and
the proper groundwork has been done, the first
installations should be part of a programme of
work to equip the whole fleet.
•What is the reputation, length in service
and size of the supplier? •Who installs the product and what times of
Tip
installation are available?
•How long does the vehicle installation
Whilst trialling, the Project Champion
should include staff who are likely to be
involved in the longer term. Feedback
from these staff members is vital and it is
recommended that debriefings be held to
help ensure the system is efficiently utilised.
Any issues or problems raised during the
trial can also be ironed out at this stage,
thereby avoiding the need to troubleshoot
a much larger system.
process take?
•Do you have a contingency plan or
insurance if everything goes wrong?
Implementing a System
Trial on Vehicles at a Small Depot
Pilot of System
Unless the system is fairly cheap and small-scale,
it is always a good idea to defer major investment
until you have trialled the products. You may
have seen demonstrations of products during the
selection process, but it is always worth installing
the equipment into a few vehicles (ensuring
that the sample is large enough to be of use) to
further help you to estimate the benefits of the
system. You should also hold a kick-off meeting
with your chosen supplier and include the Project
Champion, budget holder, representatives from
the supplier, including the person managing
the project – it is important they know your
requirements and are able to point out risks and
challenges. This removes any doubt created by a
‘can do’ attitude by sales representatives.
43
Planning and Preparing for
Implementation
A Successful Roll-out
The pilot (if undertaken) should give you a
better idea of how long it will take to install
the products across the fleet. System-wide
implementation can cause considerable
disruptions to a business. The way a system is
rolled-out will depend heavily on the impact it
will have on your business. A system that might
affect the transfer of information between many
different parts of your operation (e.g. a PDA
automatic POD system) may require installation
across all sites at the same time, whereas other
systems that operate independently at depot
level could be installed on a site-by-site basis.
It is important at this point to provide a full list
and specification for the vehicles you require
installing and agree an installation schedule to
avoid confusion and additional costs for either
party.
Implementation phases will differ from product
to product, but the common key steps should
include:
•Provide clearly defined objectives - sharing
a common vision, so everyone can see
where they want it to go and what they
need it to provide
•Establish a clear timeframe - identify
milestones indicating when each stage of
the implementation takes place
•Identify the skills required to use the system
and which staff will operate it
•Identify any new computer hardware,
network or internet requirements
Tip
•A site survey of all vehicle types should be
carried out by the supplier and an agreed
installation specification created for each
one
Installing telematics equipment to a
vehicle can be a time-consuming exercise.
Installation for the roll-out of a system could
be completed during the night or another
off-peak period to minimise disruption to
your operation. Likewise, it is important to
ensure your vehicles are made available
at the agreed times as the supplier may
charge for a failed installation. Enquire on
potential installation arrangements when
choosing your supplier.
Identify key deliverables, responsibilities and
milestones, keeping communication channels
open to ensure continued interest
Key tasks for implementation might include:
•Staff briefings - reasons for introducing the
system and technology, and the benefits to
drivers and other staff
•Purchase of new computer equipment and
set-up of internet connections
•Vehicle equipment installation plan and
execution
•Installation of software
•Driver/staff training
•Software user training and review meetings
with the supplier to fine tune equipment
and verify correct operation and answer any
queries
44
Monitoring and Improving
the System
Summary
This guide has been designed to provide
information on telematics systems that can help
you to improve operational efficiency. There are
six key types of telematics system that can assist
you in making improvements to your operation
and increasing profitability:
Regardless of the scale of the investment,
after implementation the system needs to be
monitored, so its success can be gauged and its
benefits understood. Key elements in monitoring
the system are:
•Vehicle and driver (Parametric) data
•Ensure there is a monitoring process
in place. Track your performance by
monitoring what is happening against what
was predicted. Monitor the performance of
the new system and ensure it has on-going
positive impacts
•Paperless manifest and proof-of-delivery
systems
•Vehicle and trailer and asset tracking
systems
•Identify a specific set of KPIs that relate to
•Satellite navigation systems
your business objectives, against which
performance can be measured and the
benefits quantified. This will show whether
the system is being used correctly
•Traffic information systems
•Safety and security systems
•Regular review meetings with operational
These systems can help you regardless of
whether your operation is large or small. No
matter what type of system you might be
considering, there are some general steps you
can take to ensure you make the right decisions
and get the most out of an investment. The
checklist below provides a number of steps
that can help to guide you through purchasing
and implementing a telematics system for your
business.
staff should be held to check on progress
with the system and ensure that it is
reaching its full potential and providing the
anticipated benefits
•Regular review meetings with the chosen
supplier should be held, and the supplier
should help with best practice and
continuous improvement related to the
system and its use
•Where appropriate, measure the impact of
the system on fuel consumption
•“Fleet Performance Management
Tool”
•“Fuel Management Guide”
•“Performance Management for
Efficient Road Freight Operations”
45
A Checklist for Telematics Best Practice
Understand your current systems and limitations
Define areas of deficiency that, if improved, could benefit operations
Analyse what type of product you require (if any)
Specify a detailed list of requirements or consider engaging the services of an
independent telematics consultant or consulting one of the advisory bodies listed on the
back page.
Research a number of companies’ products
Define the IT network data flow and proxy server implications of both web-based and
server-based systems
Evaluate which companies’ products most closely fit your operational requirements
Undertake a professional assessment of the financial status of potential suppliers
Short-list a small number of companies and invite them to demonstrate their product
(remembering to invite one or two members of staff who will actually use the system to
the demonstration)
Ask suppliers for their experience of your industry and/or reference sites from similarsized businesses in the same industry
Clearly check the capability of each key feature - what it does and does not do, including
any limitations; the supplier should put this in writing
If possible, trial one or two of the products before making a decision
Make a decision on the preferred product
Plan implementation carefully and coordinate methods of monitoring the system
post-implementation, so that its impact can be assessed and the system can be
continually improved
46
√ or X
47
Appendix 1:
Supplier Contact Database
Vehicle / Asset Tracking & Location
In-cab Computers
Handheld Terminals, PDAs, Notebooks
Mobile Printers, Peripherals & GPS
Wireless / Phone Handsets
In-vehicle Navigation & Satnav
Carrotech Ltd
www.carrotech.com
01379 854 600
X
Visionaire GPS
www.visionairegps.co.uk
0845 557 5594
X
Leversedge Telecom Services Ltd
www.leversedge.co.uk
0116 262 6166
X
X
X
X
Pear Track Systems Ltd
www.peartrack.com
0161 266 1098
X
Argyll
www.argyll-loneworker.co.uk
0870 750 1471
FARGO SYSTEMS LIMITED
www.fargosystems.com
0845 834 0345
X
X
X
X
X
X
Causeway Technologies
www.causewaytelematics.com
01628 552 000
X
X
Transpoco
www.transpoco.com
0845 489 0144
X
X
LXE
www.lxe.com
01844 346 576
X
X
X
AutoAlert Limited
http://www.autoalert.me.uk
0207 394 7457
X
X
X
X
X
Trapeze Group (UK) Ltd.
www.trapezegroup.co.uk
01255 784 200
X
X
Sierra Wireless
www.sierrawireless.com
510-624-4200
X
X
X
Axscend
www.axscend.com
0870 0870
3242
X
Trapeze Group (UK) Ltd.
www.trapezegroup.co.uk
01255 784 200
X
X
RFI - EMEA
www.rfiemea.com
01869 255 772
X
X
X
Masternaut Three X
www.masternaut.co.uk
0113 281 4000
X
X
X
X
X
X
Bowmonk Limited
www.bowmonk.com
01603 485 153
X
X
X
X
3D Tracking
http://3dtracking.net/
01379 854 600
X
Simply Trak
www.simplytrak.co.uk
01482 650 521
X
X
AFS Security Systems
http://www.afs-securitysystems.com
0208 471 9000
X
MiX Telematics
www.mixtelematics.co.uk
0121 717 5385
X
X
X
X
X
X
Bluetree Systems
http://www.bluetree.ie/contact/
0871 5049 486
X
Supplier Name
Website
48
Telephone
Number
Mobile Wireless / Data Networks
Mobile Integration and Middleware
Mobile Data and Field Service Applications
Voice Recognition Systems
RFID
Digital Mapping
Consultancy
Driver / Vehicle Data
Product Tracking
Real Time Temperature Monitoring Comms
Internet-based
Server Based
Driver Safety Devices
Vehicle Security Devices
Panic Buttons via mobile phone
Route planning and optimisation
Digital Tachograph
Analysis Tools
Carbon Footprint Management
In-cab CCTV
Driver Feedback Devices
Vehicle Weighing
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
49
In-cab Computers
Bluecom (Romex)
http://www.blue-com.co.uk/
0808 123 0 321
X
X
Central Weighing
http://www.centralweighing.co.uk/
(0)1299 251242
X
X
X
Chameleon
www.chameleondirect.com
0800 013 2507
X
X
X
X
X
CS Electronics
http://www.cs-electronics.co.uk
0800 917 1730
X
X
X
X
MAN
http://www.man-mn.co.uk
01793 448000
X
X
Cybit
www.cybit.co.uk
0845 602 7123
X
X
SmartDrive
www.smartdrive.net
07748 060705
X
C-track (Digicore)
www.ctrack.co.uk
0208 515 2900
X
X
Mandata
www.mandata.co.uk
0191 250 2220
X
X
AGM Telematics
www.agmtelematics.com
01536 401900
X
X
Maple Fleet Services
www.maplefleetservices.co.uk
(0)161 429
1580
iTIS
www.itisholdings.com
0161 927 3600
X
X
Eagle I Telematics
http://www.assetoutlook.com/
(0)1925 606
510
X
X
Isotrak
www.isotrak.com
01908 540700
X
X
X
X
X
Intermec
www.intermec.com
0118 923 0800
X
X
Microlise
www.microlise.com
01773 537000
X
X
X
DPS International
www.dps-int.com
0121 585 6633
X
X
Minor Planet
www.minorplanet.com
0113 346 7705
X
X
X
Mobile Tracking Systems
www.mobiletrackingsystems.com
01489 571600
X
X
X
X
Overview Mapping
www.verilocation.com
0871 223 2330
X
X
X
Oxloc
www.oxloc.com
01480 423971
X
X
Psionteklogix
www.psionteklogix.co.uk
01628 648800
X
X
Quartix
www.quartix.net
0870 013 6663
X
Radix International
www.radix-intl.com
01908 395710
X
X
Remote Asset Management Ltd
www.remoteassetmanagement.
co.uk
0845 2066222
X
RingTrack
www.ringtrack.com
01353 865568
X
X
Supplier Name
Website
50
Telephone
Number
RFID
Digital Mapping
Consultancy
Product Tracking
Internet-based
Server Based
Digital Tachograph
Analysis Tools
In-cab CCTV
Vehicle Weighing
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
51
In-cab Computers
Road Tech Computer Systems
www.roadtech.co.uk
01923 460000
X
X
RTL Systems
www.rtlsystems.co.uk
01457 767309
X
X
X
Seven Telematics
www.seventelematics.co.uk
01636 642891
X
X
Siemens VDO
www.siemensvdo.com/uk
0121 326 1234
Skillweb
www.skillweb.co.uk
08700 707077
X
X
X
Terrafix Ltd
www.terrafix.co.uk
01782 577015
X
X
X
X
X
TMS2
www.tms2.co.uk
01235 854010
X
X
X
X
X
TomTom
www.tomtomwork.com
020 7 255 9774
X
X
X
Tracker
www.tracker.co.uk
0845 603 9368
X
Trafficmaster
www.trafficmaster.co.uk
0845 604 5433
X
Traka
www.traka.com
01234 712345
Triteq
www.triteq,com
01488 684554
X
X
X
X
Vehicle Weighing Solutions Ltd
www.vwsltd.co.uk
0118 948 4908
Versatile
www.versatile.com
01483 223789
V-Sol
www.v-sol.co.uk
0800 093 9034
X
X
X
X
Daimler FleetBoard UK Ltd
www.fleetboard.com
01827 311912
X
X
X
X
X
X
TomTom Business Solutions
www.tomtom.com/business
0207 2559774
X
X
Aeromark Ltd
www.aeromark.co.uk
0845 330 5757
X
X
X
X
X
X
Trafficmaster
www.trafficmaster.co.uk
0845 604 5433
X
X
X
X
Supplier Name
Website
52
Telephone
Number
RFID
Digital Mapping
Consultancy
Product Tracking
Internet-based
Server Based
Digital Tachograph
Analysis Tools
In-cab CCTV
Vehicle Weighing
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
53
Appendix 2: Glossary of Terms
ADSL (Asymmetric
Digital Subscriber
Line)
ADSL enhances the performance of access networks, particularly the subscriber line of
the conventional telephone copper access network. Two modems are used, one on the
customer’s premises and the other at the subscriber’s location, to increase data transfer
rates. ADSL uses a line splitter to enable it to carry voice, upstream data (user to network)
and a greater proportion of downstream data (network to user). Filtering at both ends
of the line ensures acceptable voice quality, by removing interference. It is relatively
inexpensive, and therefore constitutes an attractive alternative to cable networks for highspeed internet access.
Airtime
The amount of time “on-air” when using a wireless data service that is billed per minute at
a published tariff.
API (Application
Protocol Interface)
A programme within the software provided by the telematics supplier which allows data
to be easily transmitted between it and other software systems without the need for
expensive bespoke system integration.
Bandwidth and
‘Broadband’
The ability of a medium to transmit high-speed data. It defines how much data can be
sent through a connection, usually measured in bits-per-second. A full page of English
text is about 16,000 bits. A fast modem can move about 64,000 bits in one second; over
the same telephone line a bandwidth of several megabits per second can be handled by
ADSL, which is described as broadband.
Base Station
The fixed receiving and transmitting radio station for vehicle data. This may be a PC
connected directly to a radio modem.
Bluetooth/Wi-Fi
Low power radio technology developed with the objective of replacing cables currently
used to connect electronic devices such as personal computers, printers and a wide
variety of hand-held devices such as palm-top computers and mobile phones. Devices
equipped with Bluetooth should be capable of exchanging data at speeds up to 3,000
kbits/s at ranges up to 100 metres. Wi-Fi uses the same radio frequencies as Bluetooth but
with higher power consumption, resulting in a stronger connection.
Browser
Software that is used to look at various kinds of internet resources. Internet Explorer and
Firefox are the more popular clients.
CANbus
Controller Area Network. Most new heavy vehicles now have a CANbus – a high-speed
communications network designed to support control functions between electronic
devices distributed throughout a vehicle.
Dead Reckoning
A Dead Reckoning (DR) position is one based on estimating the distance and the direction
that has been travelled. The accuracy of the DR position depends on the accuracy of the
initial position and of your distance measuring device and heading reference. The addition
of other information turns a DR position into an estimated position.
Differential GPS
A technique for overcoming GPS position determination errors. GPS receivers are placed
at precisely identified locations to measure the difference between indicated GPS
positions versus actual positions. GPS systems are accurate to around 10-20 metres.
Differential GPS can further increase accuracy to 1-5 metres.
Firewall
A security system intended to protect an organisation’s network against external threats,
such as hackers, coming from another network or the internet. A firewall prevents
computers or viruses in the organisation’s network from communicating directly with
computers external to the network and vice versa.
Firmware
A term used to describe software that is ‘permanently’ programmed inside hardware.
In telematics products, the program operating on the vehicle hardware is generally
described as firmware. On advanced systems, the firmware is upgradable over the air.
54
Floating Vehicle
Data
The automatic processing and analysis of traffic conditions and journey times using data
from vehicles equipped with GPS and GSM technology. The data from ‘probe’ vehicles is
aggregated to determine the average speed for a given stretch of road. One company
(ITIS) is spearheading this technology in the UK.
FMS-Standard
An agreement between several major truck manufacturers to give third parties access
to top-level vehicle data via the J1939 CANbus. In January 2002, two more truck
manufacturers joined the FMS-Standard group. The companies involved are DaimlerChrysler, MAN, Scania, Volvo, DAF Trucks, and IVECO. Top-level data include speed,
revs, fuel, brake switch, cruise control, PTO status, accelerator pedal position and basic
maintenance information.
Geo-fence
A geo-fence is a predefined geographical area of a map and may include rectangles,
circles, ellipses, regions, or buffers (an object a set distance around other objects). A geofence can be regarded as a ‘virtual boundary’ that will trigger an alarm or signal when
crossed by a vehicle. As an example, a fleet traffic manager may want to restrict certain
vehicles from accessing restricted areas of a city, or advise a customer that delivery arrival
is imminent. By defining a geo-fence around the area, an alert would automatically be
sent to the manager or customer by whatever means is provided by the product supplier.
GIS
Geographical Information Systems – a computer system that contains maps and
geographical information, and sometimes analysis of geographical data.
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service, which has been standardised as part of the GSM Phase 2+
development, represents the first implementation of packet switching within GSM, which
is essentially a circuit-switched technology. Rather than sending a continuous stream of
data over a permanent connection, packet switching only utilises the network when there
is data to be sent. Using GPRS will enable users to send and receive data at speeds of up
to 160 kbit/s. Usually, GPRS data are billed per kilobyte of information transceived, while
circuit-switched data connections are billed per second.
GPS
Global Positioning System refers to satellite-based radio positioning systems that provide
24-hour three-dimensional position, speed and time information to suitably equipped
receivers in vehicles anywhere on or near the surface of the Earth.
GSM
Groupe Speciale Mobile. European digital cellular radio standard for pan-European mobile
cellular radio network two-way communications. Links mobile and base stations. Vehicles
equipped with GSM must be dialled individually; this is an automated process in the
better telematics products where driver and vehicle data are being acquired.
Host
Any computer on a network that is a repository for services available to other computers
on the network. It is quite common to have one host machine provide several services,
such as SMTP (email) and HTTP (web).
Intranet
A private network inside a company or organisation that uses the same kinds of software
that you would find on the public internet, but which is only for internal use.
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network. Telecommunication lines that can transmit up to 128
kilobytes of information, including both voice and digital services, and which are much
faster than traditional analogue lines. ISDN is basically a way to move more data over
existing regular phone lines. ISDN is available in much of Europe and is priced comparably
to standard analogue phone circuits.
ISP
Internet Service Provider, e.g. AOL, MSN, Wanadoo, NTL etc.
LAN
Local Area Network. A group of computers and other devices dispersed over a relatively
limited area and connected by a communications link that enables any device to interact
with any other on the network. A computer network limited to the immediate area,
usually the same building or floor of a building.
Mobile Originated
(MO) Call Count
(data)
Total number of calls initiated from a mobile phone to the host.
55
Mobile Terminated
(MT) Call Count
(data)
Total number of calls initiated from the host to the mobile phone.
Navigation
System / Sat Nav
(autonomous)
Navigation systems that do not benefit from the receipt of live traffic data. Such systems
typically consist of a map display and control panel. Periodic updates will give you new
information regarding new roads or one-way system changes.
Navigation
System / Sat Nav
(dynamic)
As above, but the information changes based on the current traffic conditions. An invehicle transponder is included capable of communicating with an external infrastructure.
Paperless Manifest
An electronic manifest which replaces paper-based systems and can include information
such as customer delivery information, invoicing details and proof of delivery.
PDA
Personal Data Assistant. Industrial devices are normally referred to as hand-held terminals.
These hand-held devices were originally designed as personal organisers, but became
much more versatile over the years. The many uses and tasks of a basic PDA include
various features: calculating, use as a clock and calendar, accessing the internet, sending
and receiving emails, use as a radio or stereo, video recording, recording notes, use as an
address book, and use as a spreadsheet. Touch screen PDAs usually have a detachable
stylus that can be used on the screen. Interaction is then achieved by tapping the screen
to activate buttons or menu choices, and dragging the stylus, for example, to highlight
text. Text is usually input in one of two ways:
Using a virtual keyboard, where a keyboard is shown on the touch screen. Input is done by
tapping the letters.
Using letter or word recognition, where letters or words are written on the touch screen,
and then ‘translated’ to letters in the currently activated text field.
PoD Systems
Proof-of-Delivery Systems. These systems provide a way of ensuring that deliveries
have been received. Proof of delivery becomes very important when legal and financial
documents are to being exchanged and when a company is unable to invoice without the
proof.
Real Time
Transmission of information as and when received. The best systems will provide virtually
real time data and, if there is no network available, will store the data until a network is
detected. Many older systems using SMS will not communicate real-time data.
RFID
Radio Frequency Identification is an automatic identification method, relying on storing
and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. An RFID
tag is an object that can be attached to or incorporated into a product, asset, animal, or
person for the purpose of identification using radio waves. RFID tags come in both active
and passive versions for different applications
RDS-TMC
Radio Data System-Traffic Message Channel. The transmission of traffic condition
information over the FM channels ‘sub-carrier’. May well revolutionise in-cab navigation
systems, enabling automatic re-routing in the event of traffic incidents ahead.
Roaming
When mobile data users are abroad, their digital phone will use GSM to connect to a
network within that country. The customer is then liable for call charges applied by that
network, and is therefore known as ‘roaming’ on that network.
Smart Cards
Telematics suppliers’ driver identification or data cards are often described as smart cards
though these often only provide data storage and have no intelligence built into them.
SMS
Short Messaging Service. A popular wireless standard for transmitting text messages.
SMS is an inherent part of GSM technology, The service is a two-way ‘store and forward’
messaging service with a maximum message size of 160 characters. SMS is no longer
widely used in commercial vehicle telematics owing to the cost and impracticality of
real-time data transmission. It is sometimes used where infrequent transmission of data is
acceptable and where long battery life is critical.
WAN
Wide Area Network. A communications network that connects geographically distant
areas. A network in which computers are connected to each other over a long distance,
using telephone lines and satellite links, e.g. the internet.
56
WAP
Wireless Application Protocol. WAP is a technology designed to provide users of mobile
terminals with rapid and efficient access to the internet. WAP integrates telephony
services with (so-called) micro-browsing and enables easy-to-use internet access from a
mobile handset. Typical WAP applications include over-the-air e-commerce transactions,
online banking and messaging.
Waypoint
A point defined by geographic coordinates used in navigation, route progress monitoring
or historical analysis reports.
XML
eXtensible Markup Language is a widely used system for defining data formats. XML
provides a very rich system to define complex documents and data structures such
as invoices, molecular data, news feeds, glossaries, inventory descriptions, real estate
properties etc. As long as a programmer has the XML definition for a collection of data
(often called a ‘schema’), then they can create a program to reliably process any data
formatted according to those rules.
57
Freight Best Practice publications, including those listed below, can be obtained
FREE of charge by calling the Hotline on 0300 123 1250 or by downloading
them from the website www.businesslink.gov.uk/freightbestpractice
Saving FUEL
Fuel Saving Tips
This handy pocket book is ideal for drivers and managers
looking for simple ways to reduce fuel consumption.
Performance MANAGEMENT
Performance Management for Efficient
Road Freight Operations
This guide explains the process of measuring performance
effectively. It includes advice on how information is best
collected and interpreted to allow informed decision
making in order to achieve operational efficiency
improvements.
Transport Operators Pack - TOP
Developing SKILLS
Proactive Driver Performance
Management Keeps Fuel Efficiency on
Track
This case study shows how Thorntons implemented a
highly effective driver incentive scheme combining in-cab
driver monitoring, service delivery levels and accident
rates
TOP provides practical ‘every day’ support material
to help operators implement best practice in
the workplace and acts in direct support of tasks
essential to running a successful fuel management
programme.
Equipment & SYSTEMS
Case STUDIES
IT Systems at Marshalls Pave the Way
for Operational Efficiency
There are over 25 case studies showing how
companies have implemented best practice and the
savings achieved including:
This Case Study shows how the modernisation of vehicles
and equipment and the implementation of a fuel
management system has improved operational efficiency.
•
•
•
Tesco Sets the Pace on Low Carbon and Efficiency
Engine Idling – Costs You Money and Gets You Nowhere!
Power to Your People - Motivation Breeds Success
March 2011.
Printed in the UK on paper containing 100% recycled fibre.
FBP1042© Queens Printer and Controller of HMSO 2011.
Performance MANAGEMENT

Telematics for Efficient Road Freight Operations Guide

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