Large Engine News - Ricardo Knowledge

Transcription

LARGE ENGINE
NEWS
A Ricardo Knowledge product
Delivering Excellence Through Innovation & Technology
www.ricardo.com
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RICARDO INFORMATION SERVICES
LARGE ENGINE NEWS
JULY - SEPTEMBER 2014
An
update
dedicated to
Marine, Rail and Stationary
Large Engines
Large Engine News – July-September 2014
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Notes
Large Engine News is a newsletter, published by the Ricardo Information Services Department. It
summarizes the published literature on Marine, Rail and Stationary Large Engines. It is based on
input to the Ricardo POWERLINK database.
Items included in this publication are based on literature received by the Ricardo Library in July to
September 2014. Copies of the source documents may be obtained by quoting the Library reference,
which appears in bold. An additional charge would be made for this service.
Other products offered by Ricardo Information Services include:
Powerlink - An online database containing over 250,000 abstracts of engine and vehicle literature
EMLEG - Worldwide exhaust emissions legislation summaries online
New Engine News
Contents - summaries of
main technical features of
new engines of all types
and applications
Control & Electronics
News
Contents - control,
electrical and electronic
engineering. Practical
applications and research
& technology
Fuels & Lubricants News
Contents - Developments
in fuel and lubricants
technology as applied in
engines and vehicles
Transmissions News
Contents - New and
modified transmissions,
and driveline technology
Components News
Contents - Internal
combustion engine
components, materials,
research and design.
Alternative Powertrain
News
Contents – Fuel cell, hybrid
and electric powertrains as
well as alternative
combustion systems
Fuel Economy News
Contents - Fuel economy
improvement, weight
reduction, practical
examples of vehicle
applications
Gas Engine News
Contents - Natural gas,
LPG and biogas
technologies and
applications. Published
quarterly.
Contact details - Roland Christopher, Information Manager, Ricardo UK Ltd
Tel. +44 (0) 1273 794230, email: [email protected].
Ricardo has used reasonable endeavours to ensure that the information supplied in this service is correct. However, no
responsibility or liability can be accepted for any errors or omissions. Entries in this publication do not imply endorsement of
any product or service by Ricardo
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Contents
COMPONENTS..................................................................................................................... 4
TURBOCHARGERS ...................................................................................................... 4
EXHAUST EMISSIONS REDUCTION ............................................................................ 5
Marine applications ...................................................................................................... 5
FUEL SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................ 6
Dual fuel ........................................................................................................................ 6
DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................ 7
Marine engines ............................................................................................................. 7
NVH ............................................................................................................................ 9
GAS ENGINES ....................................................................................................................10
MARKETS AND REGULATIONS .................................................................................10
Markets.........................................................................................................................10
STATIONARY, OFF-HIGHWAY, MARINE, LOCOMOTIVE AND TOTAL ENERGY
SYSTEMS ..........................................................................................................11
Engines and systems ..................................................................................................11
ENGINE AND FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENS ..............................................................16
RESEARCH AND COMPUTER SIMULATION .............................................................17
Fuel/air mixing and combustion .................................................................................17
CONTROL AND ELECTRONICS.........................................................................................18
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING .....................................................18
Power generation ........................................................................................................18
FUELS AND LUBRICANTS .................................................................................................19
APPLICATIONS OF FUELS .........................................................................................19
Marine...........................................................................................................................19
Power generation ........................................................................................................20
FUEL PRODUCTION ....................................................................................................21
ECONOMIC ISSUES OF FUELS ..................................................................................22
Fuel reserves ...............................................................................................................22
FUEL SAFETY ..............................................................................................................23
APPLICATIONS OF LUBRICANTS TO SPECIFIC ENGINES ......................................24
Marine engines ............................................................................................................24
ALTERNATIVE POWERTRAINS .........................................................................................25
MARINE APPLICATIONS .............................................................................................25
FUEL ECONOMY AND CO2 REDUCTION..........................................................................26
MARINE APPLICATIONS .............................................................................................26
CONFERENCE LIST............................................................................................................28
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COMPONENTS
TURBOCHARGERS
NEW GENERATION OF TURBOCHARGERS ANNOUNCED
MAN Diesel & Turbo
For the first time ever, MAN Diesel & Turbo will develop a turbocharger series exclusively for twostroke engines that is especially designed and optimised to fulfil Tier III requirements. Compared to
the TCA turbocharger range, successfully introduced by the company during the last decade, TCT
efficiency shows an increase of 5% through using newly-developed compressor and turbine-wheel
geometry, consequently increasing waste-heat-recovery potential by 30%. The TCT range will also
deliver a 10% greater air flow at a turbocharging pressure 25% higher, while being 30% smaller
and 40% lighter than the existing TCA range. MAN Diesel & Turbo reports that the first TCT
turbocharger is expected to reach the market in 2016 after an extensive validation and field-testing
programme.
See Electronic Document 7041 (Copenhagen, Denmark; MAN Diesel & Turbo, 15 Sep 2014,
Press release, 3pp.)
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EXHAUST EMISSIONS REDUCTION
Marine applications
TWO-STROKE ENGINES: MAN PRIMED TO MEET TIER III NOX CHALLENGE
MAN Diesel & Turbo
A number of technologies are available to MAN Diesel & Turbo to enable its low-speed engines to
meet IMO Tier III NOx emission requirements, including Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). Operational experience is claimed with both solutions.
The world's first Tier Ill-compliant two-engine - a six-cylinder MAN B6W S46MC-C model - was
completed by Japanese licensee Hitachi Zosen for a general cargo Carrier for Nissho Shipping in
2011. The engine's exhaust gas passes through a high pressure SCR system installed upstream of
the turbocharger.
Pursuing another NOx-reducing technology, in 2012 MAN Diesel & Turbo booked its first
commercial order for an EGR system for a 4500 TEU Maersk Line C-class container ship
newbuilding delivered last year by Hyundai Heavy Industries. The HHl-built six-cylinder S80ME-C9
engine is equipped with an integrated EGR system designed, manufactured and assembled by HHI
in co-operation with Alfa Laval, Siemens, GEA and Vestas Aircoil.
Covers - ME-GI (gas injection) versions of the complete MAN B&W two-stroke product line are now
offered, Methane slip, 620mm-bore X62DF, 720mm-bore X72DE, 820mm-bore X82DF and
920mm-bore X92DF, retrofit solutions, lean-burn combustion technology.
See Doc.145897 (Marine Propulsion, Jun/Jul 2014, pp33-36.)
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FUEL SYSTEMS
Dual fuel
NEW GENERATION DUAL FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS
L'Orange
Conclusions
Dual fuel is not only a “bridge technology” towards gas-engines
Homogeneous and heterogeneous combustion concepts have their individual advantages and will
both find their applications
For homogeneous Combustion systems the "Single Nozzle dual fuel" technology results in a
significant simplification for the engine linked with a slight increase in effort for controls and injector
Challenges are addressed: closed loop injection control is the main task
Base Technologies are ready for engine implementation. Further improvements are under
development.
Covers - heat management in dual-fuel injectors, consequences of overheated nozzles, nozzle
cooling, dosing accuracy (shot-to-shot), atomization/fuel preparation, HP-pump.
See vCD 218 01 L'Orange M. Willmann.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria,
May 2014, Day 2, 15pp.)
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DEVELOPMENT
Marine engines
TRACTOR PEDIGREE UNDERWRITES MARINE SUCCESS
Caterpillar
Over 80 years after the tractor specialist developed its first diesel engine, Caterpillar's high and
medium speed designs enjoy sustained business in diverse propulsion and auxiliary markets.
Looks at the history of Caterpillar, the world's leading manufacturer of construction and mining
equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines and diesel-electric locomotives.
Covers – MaK, Perkins, Caterpillar Marine Power, D348 and D349 series, D379, D398 and D399
series, 3500 Series, 3512 engines, 3516 models, Car 3500 Series marine gas engines, G3516C is
a V16-cylinder spark-ignited gas engine, 3600 Series engine, Cat 3516C and Cat 280 marine
engines, Cat C32 ACERT engine.
Gives - cross-section of the 2 bore Caterpillar 3618 medium-speed engine.
See Doc.145896 (Marine Propulsion, Jun/Jul 2014, pp28-30.)
FIRST HIGH SPEED HIMSEN ENGINE
Hyundai
Over the past decade, Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI) has developed its HiMSEN engines to
cover various horsepower categories of the market for medium speed diesel engines. Based on the
experience accumulated, the company has now extended the HiMSEN engine family with the first
high speed engine, the vee configuration H 17V. This article is based on Paper 161, CIMAC
Congress 2013.
Covers – fuel injection equipment, intake port, piston and atomiser, design and verification, block,
crankshaft and conrod, cylinder head and liner.
See Doc.146001 (MTZ Industrial, 2014, No. 2, pp24-29.)
NEW GENERATION LOW SPEED TWO-STROKE ENGINES
Wartsila
With their best-in-class fuel consumption and excellent reliability, low-speed two-stroke engines will
remain the workhorses of world maritime trade for medium vessels to the very largest ships. In
preparation for an era of ever bigger containerships, ever tighter emissions regulations and new
sizes of vessel due to the enlargement of the Panama Canal, Wartsila has launched a new twostroke engine Generation. This article is based on Paper 267, CIMAC Congress 2013.
Covers – W-X62, W-X72, W-X92, W-X40, W-X35, flex common rail injection, times between
overhaul, manufacturing optimisation, service friendliness.
MAN EXTENDS HEAVY-DUTY MARINE RANGE
MAN
MAN Truck & Bus has developed a new 12-cylinder, vee-configuration engine for heavy-duty
marine applications. The new D2862 LE441 diesel is targeted toward marine vessels such as
workboats, tugs and freighters and complies with IMO Tier 2 emissions standards, the company
said. As the latest addition to the D2862 engine family, the new engine’s power rating has been
increased by 73 kW compared to MAN’s existing most powerful marine engines for heavy-duty
applications, the D2862 LE431 and D2862 LE421. The total output for the 24.24-litre engine —
which has a bore and stroke of 128 x 157mm — is 735 kW at 1800 r/min, with maximum torque of
4380 Nm at 1100 to 1600 r/min.
Covers - common rail fuel injection system, fuel consumption, wastegate turbocharging, oil change
intervals, SCR.
See Doc.146051 (Diesel Progress International, Sep 2014, pp44-45.)
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MARINE PROPULSION 2014 PERSPECTIVE IN ASSOCIATION WITH MER
An A-Z listing of Worldwide marine diesel engine manufacturers and their engine models including:
ABC, Agco Sisu, Caterpillar Marine Power Systems, CRM Spa Motori Marini, Cummins, Daihatsu,
Electro-Motive Diesel, GE Marine, Grenaa Motorfabrik AS, Dresser-Rand, Hanshin Diesel Works,
Hyundai Heavy Industries, Isotta Fraschini Motori, John Deere, Kelvin Diesels, Makita Corporation,
MAN, Matsui Iron Works, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Moteurs Baudouin, MTU, Niigata Power
Systems, Rolls-Royce Marine, Scania, SEMT Pielstick, SKL Motoren, Volvo Penta, Wartsila,
Yanmar.
Lists principal engine data including model, cycle, cylinders, bore, stroke, mean piston speed,
speed, output, BMEP, SFOC.
Other directories include: Gas Turbine Directory, Turbocharger Directory (ABB Turbo Systems,
MAN Diesel & Turbo, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Napier Turbochargers), Propeller Directory and
Gearbox Directory.
Also includes article on naval propulsion.
See Doc.146086 (Special Supplement to MER, 2014, 32pp.)
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NVH
SIMULATION OF ENGINE POWERED, COUPLED DRIVE SYSTEMS
Centa Antriebe and Wartsila
By their nature, combustion engines deliver power in short pulses which create torsional vibrations
and noise emissions both within the engine and the driven equipment. Centa Antriebe has
addressed their attenuation with the innovative use of simulation software. This article is based on
a paper presented at the recent Torsional Vibration symposium.
Covers – driveline noise and vibration, couplings in engine driven systems, effect of misfire on
torsionals, Abaqus modelling, rotational backlash, transfer function model, finite element modelling.
FIRING SEQUENCE OPTIMISATION ON A V20
Liebherr
As the number of possible engine firing sequences grows disproportionately with the number of
cylinders, an efficient assessment of firing sequences becomes complex. Swiss engine builder
Liebherr has investigated both torsional and non-torsional criteria on a 20-cylinder diesel engine
design. This article is based on a paper presented at the recent Torsional Vibration Symposium.
Covers – torsional vibration model, critical speed analysis, firing sequence and torsional dynamics,
multi-criteria firing sequence optimisation, cranktrain mass moments, torsional stress and damper
power loss, load cycle dynamics, main bearing load, generator dynamic torque and crankshaft free
end vibration.
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GAS ENGINES
MARKETS AND REGULATIONS
Markets
2014 MARINE PROPULSION ORDER SURVEY - INCREASED ORDERS IN 2013
Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide’s Marine Propulsion Order Survey is part three of three surveys
designed to provide details on the markets of large reciprocating engines, steam turbines and gas
turbines used in power generation, mechanical drive and marine propulsion applications.
The Marine Propulsion Order Survey includes drivers beginning at 500 kW (0.5 MW). New orders
are broken into diesel-electric, mechanical drive and auxiliary generating set orders. Fuel types
include diesel fuel, heavy fuel and natural gas.
All data found in the survey was provided by participating OEMs. An accompanying table identifies
those companies that participated in the 2014 survey.
Shipbuilders around the world are breathing a collective sigh of relief at what appears to be the
beginning of a market turnaround for an industry that has experienced five years of decline. The
amount of new ship orders in 2013 saw considerable increase, resulting in growth on a global
scale. This is good news for prime-mover manufacturers operating in the marine propulsion realm.
Total units catalogued in this year’s survey equalled 12160 engines, a 37% increase compared to
last year’s report.
The Far East was once again the top geographic location (all reported driver types). With 7104
units destined for the Far East, the region claimed 58% of all orders last year.
Europe is benefiting from a revival in the shipbuilding sector, primarily in new construction of
specialty vessels such as offshore vessels, cruise ships, dredging vessels and tugs. Analysts
quantify that European yards attracted approximately 50% more orders last year than in 2012.
US shipyards enjoyed a surge of demand thanks to the country’s continued shale boom.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is directly affecting the global shipbuilding market. The race is on as
shipyards try to increase their share of the growing market for LNG carriers. Building LNG carriers
requires shipbuilders to have specialised technical skills to install tank linings. South Korean
shipbuilders now dominate the market for the vessels, with 100 LNG tankers built by the nation’s
yards since 2009, compared with 20 by Chinese firms and 13 by Japanese companies.
Tables show - Mechanical Drive Marine Propulsion Orders January-December 2013, Marine
Auxiliary Generating Set Orders January-December 2013, Diesel-Electric Marine Propulsion
Orders January-December 2013, Combined Geographic Total – All Reported Driver Types.
Graphs show - Marine Propulsion Order Survey 10-Year Comparison 2005-2014.
See Doc.145999 (Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, Jul/Aug 2014, pp38-41.)
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STATIONARY, OFF-HIGHWAY, MARINE, LOCOMOTIVE AND TOTAL ENERGY SYSTEMS
Engines and systems
MAN GAS ENGINE DEVELOPMENT
MAN Diesel & Turbo
Agenda:
Supply and Infrastructure - Worldwide LNG Prices, Worldwide LNG Infrastructure & Availability,
MAN Turbo & Diesel 4 Stroke Portfolio.
Technical Trends - Peak Firing Pressures (medium speed), TC Efficiencies and Pressure Ratios.
Drivers in Marine Business - Emission Advantages of Gas Engines, Customer Benefit of Dual Fuel
Engines, Methane Slip, Total GHG Emissions, 51/60 DF Engine, Legislation - IMO Implementation
Schedule, LNG as a Fuel for Large Container Ships.
Examples for Power Business.
Summary:
Benefits:
Power and Marine
- Reduced CO2 emissions
- Reasonable fuel prize
- Safe and redundant operation
- Excessive heat recovery possible
Marine
- No additional measures to reach NOx and SOx-limits
- Will meet future IMO black carbon regulations
- Helps for the EEDI
Challenges:
Power: upcoming grid codes
Marine: Installation of storage equipment
- Regulations not finally settled
- Infrastructure and refuelling.
See vCD 218 03 MAN Diesel & Turbo Ch. Poensgen.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays,
Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 1, 25pp.)
TRENDS FOR FUTURE DRIVE SYSTEMS
Rolls-Royce
Agenda:
Introduction / Framework - Environmental Challenges, Greenhouse gases (GHG), CO2, CH4,
NOx/PM Regulation as of today, Emissions Regulation Forecast 2025.
Fuel Trends - FVV Study: Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Liquid Fuels.
Electrified Powertrains - Energy Storage Technologies, Li-Ion-based energy storage systems,
Waste Heat Recovery.
Trends for Off-Highway Applications - Hybrid Rail Propulsion, Application of Gas Engines, High
Speed Gas Engines, Medium Speed Gas Engines, Waste heat recovery – continuous power / gas
genset.
Conclusion:
Global emissions legislation will become even more stringent.
Focus here will be on climate, environment and health.
Complexity of `emission minimising technologies´ will rise.
Attention will focus on fuels and system solutions.
See vCD 218 04 Rolls-Royce Power Systems U. Dohle.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays,
Graz, Austria, May 2014, Day 1, 20pp.)
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TECHNOLOGY TRENDS FOR WARTSILA GAS ENGINES
Wartsila
Looks at marine and land based applications.
Covers - Historical development: W34SG case, fuel price development, Emission regulation (NO2),
2-stage turbocharging, Closed loop cylinder pressure control, Cylinder pressure control results,
Wartsila 50 DF – Viking Grace.
See vCD 218 05 Waertsilae K. Portin.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May
2014, Day 1, 24pp.)
DRIVING CUSTOMER VALUE WITH NATURAL GAS ACROSS LARGE ENGINE MARKETS
Caterpillar
Covers - Natural Gas Engine Technologies including Spark-Ignition, Dual-Fuel (Dynamic Gas
Blending), High Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI); New EP GAS Offering: G3516H, G20CM34
genset engine, Caterpillar Power Generation Systems, Caterpillar Gas Compression Engine Power
Range (GCM34, G3600, G3500, G3400 and G3300), Dynamic Gas Blending, M46DF Dual Fuel
Engine: 900 KW/cyl, Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) Powering Rail/Marine with Dual Fuel EMD 710,
Mining, LNG Off-Road Customer Value.
See vCD 218 06 CAT S. Fiveland.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May
2014, Day 1, 26pp.)
CURRENT DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES, ESP. FOR THE (MWM) ENGINE FAMILY TCG 2032 /
CG260
Caterpillar
Agenda:
Company and product overview - MWM Genset families – overview (TCG 2020-V12/V16/V20, TCG
2016-V8/V12/V16, TCG 2032-V12/V16)
TCG2032/CG260 engine concept - 4-stroke gas engine, Homogeneous lean burn combustion,
Open chamber combustion, Turbocharging and Miller valve-timing, Controllable venturi-type gas
mixer, 2-stage mixture cooling, Chamber spark plug, Cylinder selective knock control, Combustion
temperature based NOx-control, Electronic engine and plant control
Objectives of the TCG2032 EVOLUTION package - Robustness, Efficiency increase, Emission
reduction, Power increase
Results and new engine features - Composite steel piston, Revised gas mixer, Optimised mixture
cooler, New combustion concept, Optimisation of combustion, Reduction of auto-ignition tendency,
Increase of knock margin and reduction of auto-ignition, Increase of BMEP, efficiency and
reduction of emissions, Results of GenSet tests
New power plant concept for the TCG2032 (EVO)
Summary and Outlook:
TCG2032 Evolution is a robust engine with reduced auto-ignition tendency and increased knock
margin.
Less HC- and CO-emissions to fulfil future emission regulations without exhaust gas aftertreatment
or smaller catalysts.
Efficiency and power output improvement validated for additional customer’s needs and
requirements.
Basis for further power and efficiency increase as well as fuel flexibility (low methane numbers and
MN fluctuations during operation).
See vCD 218 08 CES W. Mueller.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May
2014, Day 1, 24pp.)
NATURAL GAS FOR OFF-ROAD APPLICATIONS
Westport
Agenda:
Westport Overview
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HPDI Technology - High Pressure Direct Injection
- Pilot diesel injected just prior to natural gas to provide energy for auto-ignition of gas injection
- Natural gas injected at high pressure at end of compression stroke (no pre-mixed air/fuel)
Low diesel usage under all conditions
- Average of ~5% diesel over vehicle operating cycle
Diesel Engine Performance remains
- Same high power and torque
- Same or higher efficiency
Robust combustion over wide range of fuel composition (no premixed air/fuel so no chance of
detonation)
Sustainable Development Technology Canada (SDTC) Locomotive Demo Program - SDTC HPDI
System on EMD 710 Engine, Injectors, Common Rail System, Fuel Conditioning Module.
Summary:
The SDTC engine test results meet or exceed original goals,
- Engine out emissions are all within Tier 3 standards, while GHG emissions meet the 20% or
better target
The SDTC demonstration will move toward locomotive testing
- A High Pressure gas tender is in development
CAT/EMD and Westport are fully engaged in collaborative development of HPDI systems for
locomotives and Mine Trucks
This activity is driven by the strong demand for cheaper, cleaner natural gas in off-road highhorsepower applications.
See vCD 218 09 Westport D. Mumford.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria,
May 2014, Day 1, 24pp.)
HIGHER EFFICIENCY GAS ENGINES FOR WORLDWIDE POWER APPLICATIONS FROM
JENBACH, AUSTRIA
GE Distributed Power
Contents:
The Launch of GE Distributed Power
GE Gas Engine Portfolio and Positioning
The Approach - J920 FleXtra Engine
Highlights:
Best in class electrical efficiency ~10 MW gas engine with high electrical efficiency of 48.7%.
High CHP efficiency - 2-stage turbocharging technology CHP total efficiency of >90%.
3 Module GenSet concept - Pre-fabricated and factory tested modules for reduced site installation
work.
Power plants - Single or multiple installation engine projects.
Covers - J920 FleXtra design comparison (cross sections).
See vCD 218 02 GE Jenbacher P. Frigge.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria,
May 2014, Day 2, 21pp.)
ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT OF NIIGATA MEDIUM-SPEED DUAL-FUEL AND GAS ENGINES
WITH 1 TO 6 MW RANGE SUITABLE FOR MARINE PROPULSION AND POWER GENERATION
Niigata Power Systems
Covers - Trend of power generation in Japan, Diversification of a power generation plant operating
and Customer support, Gas Fuel situation in Japan, Niigata engines meet IMO Tier III, Market
Requirement - Emissions, Fuel Consumption, Reliability, Customer Support, Cost, Fuel Control,
Secure of Electric Power, Interest to gas fuel ship, 28AGS series for power generation, Control
system of 28AGS, AHX-DF for Marine Dual Fuel Engine, Combustion method and A/F control,
Transient characteristic and knocking control under transient operation.
Summary:
1. Power generation Gas Engine
Niigata has been developing and supplying new 28AGS gas engines for power generating
applications on land with a high level of economic efficiency and environmental friendliness. 8
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generator sets will be starting to generate power in this year.
2. Marine propulsion Dual Fuel Engine
Niigata has been developing new marine gas engine with new combustion and control systems.
New engine satisfied NOx emission for IMO Tier III with gas mode and Tier II with diesel mode.
Transient performance comparable to diesel engine was achieved in gas mode of the developed
engine with technique of air securement and knock reduction.
Two engines will be delivered to ship yard at end of this year. This is the world’s first direct drive of
FPP marine gear driven ship by LNG fuel.
See vCD 218 04 NPS S. Goto.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014,
Day 2, 10pp.)
DUAL FUEL ENGINE TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
AVL
Agenda:
Age of natural gas - emissions regulations.
Dual fuel combustion - dual-fuel conversion of medium speed engines, dual-fuel high speed
engines.
Tools and methods - large single cylinder engines, CFD cooling model.
Technology, AVL R&D - pilot injector, controls and software, condition based monitoring.
Conclusions:
Gas fuel substitution on current Diesel engines, with engineering in gas admission, turbocharging,
controls.
Tier 4 high speed Dual Fuel engines operating at rated output on both Diesel and Gas are a
challenging task.
Tier4 key technologies are Diesel fuel systems, gas admission, knocking abatement, gas exchange
and controls.
Medium speed Dual Fuel marine engines will improve performance taking advantage of IMO3
Diesel engine technology.
Medium speed Dual Fuel marine engines will continue to be rated output operational on both
Diesel and gas fuels.
Dual Fuel Engines, the gate to large scale gas fuel utilisation.
See vCD 218 05 AVL A. Ludu.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014,
Day 2, 28pp.)
DUAL FUEL FOR MEDIUM SPEED ENGINES IN TRANSPORTATION
GE Transportation
Covers - Locomotive anatomy, Freight energy consumption, Economic motivation for natural gas,
Gas fuels for North American locos, Rail industry LNG supply chain, Requirements, Evo engine,
Natural Gas Injection Technologies.
See vCD 218 06 GE-T E. Hall.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014,
Day 2, 17pp.)
J920 FLEXTRA GAS ENGINE FOR 60 HZ SEGMENT
GE
GE Power & Water's Distributed Power business has launched its 10 MW-class Jenbacher J920
FleXtra gas engine for the 60 Hz North American segment.
"The 60 Hz J920 engine is ideally suited to provide utility and industrial customers with fast, reliable
on-site power during demand periods and as more renewable energy is added to the grid," said
Lorraine Bolsinger, president and CEO for GE Power & Water's Distributed Power business. "Our
J920 FleXtra gas engines offer best-in-class electrical efficiency of up to 49% for 60 Hz in simple
cycle, which approaches where a traditional combined-cycle plant can operate. This adds up to
significant fuel savings over the life cycle of any plant."
Covers - individual cylinder combustion control system, two-stage turbocharging system.
See Doc.145952 (Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, Jul/Aug 2014, pp18, 20 & 22.)
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GREEN(ER) SHIPPING WITH LNG
Bergen Engines
Covers - GHG reduction vs. fuel consumption, Bergen gas engine development, Hybrid propulsion
– M/F Tresfjord, Marine mechanical drive key enablers.
See vCD 218 08 Bergen Engines L.A. Skarbo.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz,
Austria, May 2014, Day 2, 18pp.)
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ENGINE AND FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENS
FLEXIBILITY IN TURBOCHARGING - OPTIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES
ABB Turbo System
Flexibility in Turbocharging – Topics:
Turbocharging Options
- 2-stage Turbocharging
- Variable Valve Timing
Potential for Gas Engine Applications
- Stationary EPG
- Medium Speed Dual Fuel MARINE Propulsion
- High Speed MARINE Propulsion
Summary.
Covers - Power2 Two-stage Turbocharging, VCM – Valve Control Management (cam-supported
electro-hydraulic valve train).
See vCD 218 07 ABB U. Gribi.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014,
Day 1, 24pp.)
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RESEARCH AND COMPUTER SIMULATION
Fuel/air mixing and combustion
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY H35 GAS ENGINE AND H35 DUAL FUEL ENGINE
Hyundai Heavy Industries
Contents:
Introduction of HiMSEN Engine - H17/21V, H17/28, H21/32, H25/33, H32/40, H32/40V, H46/60V,
H17/24G, H35/40G, H35/40DF, H35/40GV.
Optimisation for high efficiency.
- Methane slip reduction
- Flow optimisation (Intake port)
- Combustion optimisation (Miller timing, pre-chamber, piston bowl of gas engine, micro pilot
injector, main injector)
Summary:
The methane slip could be reduced by the optimisation of the gas supply timing and pressure, and
the minimisation of the crevice volumes.
To improve the efficiency of the gas engine at the same NOx level, the advance of the ignition
timing and low EQR were needed. Slower combustion made it possible within the knock and Pmax
limitation.
The operation with the advanced pilot injection timing and minimum pilot fuel mass was the best for
the high efficiency of the gas operation of the dual fuel engine.
The engine efficiency could be improved by the optimisation of combustion systems.
See vCD 218 10 HHI Y.S.Lee.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May 2014,
Day 1, 27pp.)
STUDY OF THE EARLY FLAME DEVELOPMENT IN A SPARK-IGNITED LEAN BURN FOURSTROKE LARGE BORE GAS ENGINE BY FUEL TRACER PLIF
Lund University and Wartsila
In this work the pre- to main chamber ignition process is studied in a Wartsila 34SG spark-ignited
lean burn four-stroke large bore optical engine (bore 340mm) operating on natural gas. Unburnt
and burnt gas regions in planar cross-sections of the combustion chamber are identified by means
of planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) from acetone seeded to the fuel. The emerging jets
from the pre-chamber, the ignition process and early flame propagation are studied. Measurements
reveal the presence of a significant temporal delay between the occurrence of a pressure
difference across the pre-chamber holes and the appearance of hot burnt/burning gases at the
nozzle exit. Variations in the delay affect the combustion timing and duration. The combustion rate
in the pre-chamber does not influence the jet propagation speed, although it still has an effect on
the overall combustion duration. PLIF images also show that there is mainly lean unburnt gas,
originating from the main-chamber, that exit the pre-chamber in the initial phase of ignition,
indicating incomplete mixing of the gases in the pre-chamber prior ignition. These findings are also
supported by CFD modelling performed on the Wartsila 34SG combustion system. Similar to the air
entrainment in a diesel spray, the jets exiting the pre-chamber causes pronounced entrainment of
compressed fresh charges into the burning jets, thus promoting heat transfer and subsequent
ignition.
See SAE 2014-01-1330 (2014, 9pp.)
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CONTROL AND ELECTRONICS
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Power generation
THE LARGEST RECIP-BASED POWER PLANTS WORLDWIDE
Gives details of the 10 largest reciprocating engine-based power plants in the world by capacity:
1. Aratu, Salvador, Brazil. 1056 MW
2. IPP3, Jordan. 573 MW
3. Quisqueya I+II, Dominican Republic. 430 MW
4. Boyuk Shor, Azerbaijan. 384 MW
5. Suape II, Brazil. 380 MW
6. Geramar I+II. 332 MW
7. Sangachal, Azerbaijan. 298.8 MW
8. Coloane A, China. 271.4 MW
9. Aliaga Alosbi I+II, Turkey. 270.6 MW
10. Pavana III, Honduras. 267.2 MW.
Table shows - Facilities of 80 MW or more, operating or under construction.
See Doc.145951 (Modern Power Systems, Feb 2014, pp18-21.)
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FUELS AND LUBRICANTS
APPLICATIONS OF FUELS
Marine
TRANSPORTATION AND FUELS: LOOKING AHEAD AT THE FUTURE OF MARINE FUELS
International Bunker Industry Association (IBIA) and LQM Petroleum Services
The global marine fuel market is generally accepted to be about 250 million tonnes per annum (pa).
Today’s marine fuel would be recognisable to those who bought, sold and used marine fuels for the
past 70 years, except for new requirements a few years from now to reduce sulphur content. The
storage and delivery logistics are fundamentally the same, and the worries, concerns and attitudes
of the users are unchanged (chief engineers have always complained about poor quality fuel). Most
of today’s market is for residual fuel categorised as ISO grade RMG380. Almost all oceangoing
ships over 5000 deadweight tonnage (dwt) use this product as their main fuel grade. An increasing
number of larger ships are now using heavier, more viscous fuels such as the RMK grade, that are
proving to be more economic.
The fraction of vessels that are fuelled with lighter residual fuels is decreasing; the ubiquitous ISO
RME180 fuel (180 cSt grade) used by general cargo vessels of the 1970s has been largely
replaced by the RMG380 grade for all but the most demanding engines. The demand for distillates,
once heavily biased towards heavier diesel and blended diesel, is now concentrated on gas oil of
ISO grade DMA.
In January 2015, sulphur limits in ECAs will be mandated from 1.0% S down to 0.1% S. Besides
managing the temperature at changeover, the operators must also manage the increase in distillate
fuel costs and change the allocation of on-board storage to manage much higher volumes of
distillate than were needed when the vessels were built.
In Annex VI of the MARPOL Convention, the IMO requires that the global limit on marine fuel
sulphur must be reduced from max 3.5% S to 0.5% S in 2020. At this time, this will effectively mean
a switch from residual fuels to distillate fuels.
Graph shows - Global demand for marine fuels by fuel grade, 2013–2030.
Covers - alternative fuels - biodiesel and LNG.
See Electronic Document 7019 (Concawe Review, Spring 2014, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp22-25.)
LNG TO CRUISE INTO BIGGER MARKETS
With increasingly strict ship emissions rules being introduced in 2016, both vessel builders and
operators around the world face severe challenges to ensure they don't run afoul of the regulations.
Emission Control Areas (ECA) regulations have come into force in the North Sea, the Baltic, North
America and other regions where ships must meet further emissions limits. In ECAs, the sulphur
limit in fuel is currently 1% and will be cut to 0.5% in 2016. Beyond ECAs, the sulphur limit falls to
0.5% by 2020 from today's 3.5%. Nitrous oxides (NOx) from vessels are also governed by strict
International Maritime Organisation (IMO) rules.
Such dramatic reductions have expanded the debate over which is the most suitable fuel for use in
marine propulsion.
Engine maker Rolls-Royce recent held a series of presentations and demonstrations to outline its
view that liquefied natural gas (LNG) is the ideal fuel of choice for many types of vessels. The
company said that LNG reduces emissions of sulphur oxides (SOx) and NOx, carbon dioxide
(CO2) and particulates (PM) to meet IMO Tier 3 emissions regulations due to come into force in
2016.
Covers - The Bergensfjord and The Stavangerfjord LNG-powered passenger ferries, the Borgoy
and Bokn LNG-fuelled escort tugs.
Rolls-Royce is keen to see the use of LNG in more applications and ship types. "We don't yet have
any cruise vessels with LNG, and that's a high visibility market. To showcase this, we have made a
design of a cruise ship fuelled by LNG: it would have four LNG tanks and then machinery based on
pure gas engines."
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"Other applications for LNG could be the inland waterway segment, especially in the US. LNG
hybrids, combining LNG with batteries, is also a possibility."
See Doc.145956 (Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, Jul/Aug 2014, pp42 & 44-45.)
Power generation
CHINA TO REPLACE US AS DIESEL GENERATOR MARKET LEADER BY 2020
China is set to overtake the US as the global diesel generator set market leader, increasing its
share from 26% in 2013 to 33% by 2020, says research and consulting firm GlobalData.
The company’s latest report, Diesel generator market – global market size, equipment share and
competitive analysis to 2020, states that while the US, China and India are currently the top diesel
genset players, only China and India’s market shares will improve by the end of the forecast period
See Doc.146000 (Modern Power Systems, Aug 2014, p30.)
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FUEL PRODUCTION
INTEGRATING GASIFIERS WITH GAS ENGINES FOR EFFICIENCY AND FLEXIBILITY
Ebioss Energy
Ebioss Energy of Spain is developing biomass and waste fuelled power plants in which GE
Jenbacher gas engines are integrated with its EQTEC bubbling fluidised bed gasifiers. Among the
benefits are higher efficiency and lower capex than a Rankine cycle plant of similar capacity,
coupled with the ability to use a very wide range of fuels, including straw, wood chips and
agricultural wastes, etc. A new 5 MW CHP facility employing the technology is under construction
in Bulgaria, with a second identical unit planned, to be located on an adjoining site.
The envisaged fuel is mainly straw and wood chips, with an anticipated moisture content of 10%.
This is a challenging fuel for a plant of this type, requiring very tight integration between the
gasifiers, which must produce relatively clean syngas, and the gas engines, which must be tolerant
of non-standard fuel gas.
The gasification process consists of essentially three stages. With arrival of the feedstock in the
gasifier (via water-cooled electrically driven variable screw feed to control the mix by density) there
is an initial drying process, in which water is removed with practically no chemical reactions. Then
there is a pyrolysis stage in which the dried feedstock is decomposed, at temperatures above
300°C, into a mixture of solids (char), liquids (tars) and gases. Finally, at temperatures in the range
700-800°C, the char, tars and gases react with each other and the gasifying agent (air) to create a
final gaseous mixture, mainly consisting of H2, CO, CO2, CH4, plus C2Hn, H2O, N2, residual tars
and particulates.
See Doc.145980 (Modern Power Systems, Aug 2014, pp26-27.)
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ECONOMIC ISSUES OF FUELS
Fuel reserves
OIL & GAS – RESOURCES AND CONSTRAINTS
OMV Aktiengesellschaft
Agenda:
Resources and Reserves (Oil & Gas)
Energy Demand
Energy mix
Constraints
Summary:
- No shortage of non-renewable energy resources in sight
- Energy demand will increase, Efficiency is crucial
- Meeting 450 ppm target seems not realistic
- Different regional priorities: no "one size fits all solution"
- The energy mix in 2050 will be still dominated by fossil-fuels.
Covers - non-renewable energy resources, Global Reserves of Oil, Gas and Coal, energy demand
growth moves to South Asia, EU Climate and Energy Targets 2020 and 2030 aim at 40% GHGemissions reductions until 2030.
See vCD 218 01 OmV W. Bohme.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria, May
2014, Day 1, 31pp.)
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FUEL SAFETY
SAFETY IN LNG OPERATION - EXPERIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND RULES
DNV
Contents:
Legacy DNV experience - gas fuelled ships, “Glutra” – The first LNG fuelled passenger ferry, 48
LNG fuelled ships in operation worldwide, 53 confirmed LNG fuelled newbuilds (confirmed
orderbook).
LNG basics and main safety challenges - Basic properties of natural gas, Main focus areas for
safely use of natural gas as fuel, Explosion risk.
LNG storage - Tank arrangement.
Gas piping - Piping to engine room.
Engine room arrangement options
Summary.
See vCD 218 02 DNV GL Group Strom.pdf (6th AVL Large Engines Techdays, Graz, Austria,
May 2014, Day 1, 31pp.)
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APPLICATIONS OF LUBRICANTS TO SPECIFIC ENGINES
Marine engines
COLD CORROSION CONFLICT
The shift towards fuel efficiency over the past few years has created a new generation of engines –
from manufacturers such as MAN and Wartsila. These engines tend to be longer stroke and focus
on the creation of higher-pressure at lower loads to provide better efficiency. While the new
technology provides an answer to the question of how to reduce fuel costs, it comes with a side
effect: cold corrosion from the sulphuric acid produced within the cylinder liners.
There are two ways in which cold corrosion can be tackled: either by a mechanical means of
increasing the temperature within the cylinder liner (there is a gradient to cold corrosion within the
cylinder with the section closer to the engine maintaining a higher temperature); or by using
alkalinity to neutralise the acid
While mechanical solutions are still in the pipeline (MAN has confirmed that it is working on a
retrofìttable piece of kit that will prevent quick lowering of temperature in the cylinder), lubricant
manufacturers have risen to the challenge with a variety of options for operators to choose from.
These manufacturers fall in to two schools of thought - those that believe a higher base number
(BN) in the lube is the solution and others that believe that the chemistry in their one-fits-all
lubricants (considered mid-range with a BN of between 50 and 65) allows a more effective
interaction between the base and the acid.
The crux of the matter however is cylinder oil lubricant feed rates if using a low BN product, logic
would demand that you would need a higher amount of lubricant in the cylinder to have more alkali
to balance the acid. This would indicate that a higher feed rate would be called for, which raises the
question of whether it is more effective to switch to a higher BN lube.
MAN has made it clear that it recommends use of a high base lube for use with its new engines.
There are three major players that recommend the use of mid-range lubes based on chemistry
unique to their lube formulas: Shell, ExxonMobil and Total Lubmarine.
Both Lukoil and Castrol are of the opinion that their high end lubes are the only suitable answer.
Covers - Alexia technology, Castrol Cyltech 80 AW product, 100BN lube.
See Doc.146017 (Marine Engineers Review, Jul/Aug 2013, pp14-19.)
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ALTERNATIVE POWERTRAINS
MARINE APPLICATIONS
SELF EXCITED VIBRATION IN A SPECIALISED ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEM
Mokpo National Maritime University
Starting with cruise ships and LNG carriers, electric propulsion systems are becoming popular as
system designers seek to enhance operational flexibility, reduce noise emissions and closely
match engine power produced to engine power demanded. Like all innovations, these systems
present challenges in practical operation. This article is based on a paper presented at the recent
Torsional Vibration Symposium.
Covers – vibration and noise analysis, torsional, axial and structural vibrations, torsional and axial
vibration, structural vibration and airborne noise.
See vCD 207 22_Lee.pdf for full paper.
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FUEL ECONOMY AND CO2 REDUCTION
MARINE APPLICATIONS
BREAKING THE ICE - HEINZMANN SUCCESSFULLY CARRIES OUT ITS FIRST COMMON
RAIL INJECTION RETROFIT ON A MARINE PROPULSION ENGINE
Heinzmann
As purpose-built ships that navigate through ice-covered water, icebreakers need the power to
push through sea ice in a typical push-pull motion. The Swedish Maritime Administration (SMA),
which operates several icebreakers in the Baltic Sea, found that these frequent and fast load
changes result in a relatively high fuel consumption and smoke value for many of these vessels.
For this reason, the SMA contracted with engine management specialist Heinzmann for a retrofit
project to upgrade the engines in its icebreaker fleet to common rail fuel injection.
The project began with the retrofit of one engine on an icebreaker equipped with five Pielstick PC
2.2 propulsion engines, each generating 3.5 MW. All the engines are 40 years old and are utilized
in parallel — from two to five engines — depending on the output requirement.
The first engine was retrofitted and commissioned in December 2013. Hubert Kienzler,
Heinzmann’s product manager – Common Rail systems, was responsible for the project and
reported that the retrofit was carried out in 10 days and did not require major modifications to the
engine itself.
“We were surprised with the very good results on the smoke values,”Kienzler said. “The black
smoke disappeared completely and, compared to the original hydraulic governor, we determined a
much better transient behaviour. Results on the measurements of filter smoke number (FSN) have
shown a reduction from 0.6 to 0.1 with the engine in full load, and from 1.0 to 0.3 in part load.
”Kienzler added that the NOx values in the exhaust gases, predictably, were not improved. “We
expect the NOx values prescribed by IMO Tier 2 to be reached with an exhaust gas recirculation
(EGR) system and no additional exhaust aftertreatment,” Kienzler said. The installation of an EGR
system will be the next step for this first trial engine, the company said. The other important result
of the common rail retrofit during field tests was a fuel savings of higher than 7% compared to the
former operation.
ADVANCED CO2 EXHAUST HEAT RECOVERY FOR TOMORROW’S ENERGY-EFFICIENT
SHIPS
Increasing fuel costs and stricter emissions requirements in the marine industry are compelling
owners and operators to re-evaluate the impacts and economics of ship power plants. These
trends set the stage for expanded use of energy efficient technologies on commercial and military
vessels. One promising solution is exhaust heat recovery (EHR) using carbon dioxide (CO2) as the
working fluid. This technology offers the desired benefits of increased fuel efficiency coupled with
marine-friendly features such as compactness and low maintenance requirements.
Using similar thermodynamic cycle principles that have been in practice for over 100 years — but
replacing traditionally used steam with CO2 — these systems improve upon the many benefits of a
proven technology.
In the commercial marine segment, the most prevalent marine prime mover type is the low-speed
diesel (LSD), followed by medium-speed diesel (MSD) engine, and gas turbines (GTs). LSD
engines have the highest fuel efficiency of any engine type (close to 50%), but also have the lowest
amount of heat lost to the exhaust. The two diesel types have similar heat balances; the LSD has
slightly higher efficiency, resulting in lower exhaust heat energy. Both engines lose about 25% of
their heat through various other means, charge air cooling being the most significant. The gas
turbine, on the other hand, has the lowest efficiency and loses almost all of its remaining heat
through the exhaust.
The addition of heat recovery effectively levels the combined system efficiency of the three engine
types to within a few percentage points. Ship designers can take advantage of some of the inherent
advantages of gas turbines (reduced maintenance, reduced vibrations, improved emissions, etc.)
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without having to sacrifice the efficiency that comes with diesels.
Within the commercial sector, both the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the US
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have imposed restrictive limits on sulphur oxide (SOx) and
nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions through the implementation of Emissions Control Areas (ECAs).
Sulphur oxide emissions limits will eventually apply worldwide, according to the current plan.
Covers - exhaust scrubbers, electric-drive or hybrid propulsion, CO2 based Rankine Cycle
technology.
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CONFERENCE LIST
CONFERENCE - ADVANCED FUELS FOR SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
Nurburg, Germany
Haus der Technik
FEV
4-5 Nov 2014
Fuels for a sustainable mobility – this is a vital challenge for the automotive industry and for the fuel
and refining industry. Advanced engine technologies and fuel formulations must jointly contribute to
achieve future CO2 emission targets and to ensure long term availability of economic fuel.
Topics:
 General:
- Global and national fuel scenarios
- CO2 reduction – requirements and realization paths
- Technologies for future mobility
 Passenger Cars:
- CNG/LPG
- Flex Fuel E100
- Ethanol E10 – E85
- B07 Diesel and beyond
- Synthetic fuels (GTL)
- Tailor-made bio-fuels
 Heavy Duty & Large Engines:
- CNG/LNG
- Dual Fuel
- Synthetic fuels (GTL)
- Tailor-made bio-fuels.
Website: http://www.hdt-essen.de/#{4}
1ST LNG WORLD SHIPPING CONFERENCE
London, UK
Riviera
4-5 Nov 2014
This conference is one of the first events to look at the technical challenges of the ship/shore
interface.
7 content rich sessions: LNG fleet and project developments; Ship/shore interface operations;
FSRUs and FLNGs; Small-scale LNG; Safety, security, manning and training; Vessel newbuilds,
design and technology; The ship/shore impact on contractual and insurance obligations.
Website: http://www.rivieramm.com/events/lng-world-shipping-conference-2014-62/event-home783
FUTURE FUELS FOR SHIPPING SEMINAR
London, UK
Informa
Lloyd's Maritime Academy
17-18 Nov 2014
Find out about the prospects for development of different marine solutions such as:
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 Methanol
 Glycerol
 Biofuel
 Hydrogen
 Solar
 Nuclear
 Batteries.
Case Studies on Clean Fuel Solutions
Hydogen as a Marine Fuel: Hear Auriga Energy discuss the Hydrogenesis Ferry, the UK’s first
hydrogen powered ferry.
Wind Hybrid Vessels: Lade AS will discuss the project developments for a hybrid merchant vessel
for sustainable sea transport, powered by the wind and LNG.
The Role of Regulation and its Impact on the Maritime Industry: Find out how the industry is
responding to environmental regulations and which fuels will be powering the next generation of
vessels.
Website: https://www.informaglobalevents.com/event/future-fuels-for-shipping/booking/form/4271
HEAVY-DUTY, ON- AND OFF-HIGHWAY ENGINES 2014 - 9TH INTERNATIONAL MTZ
CONFERENCE
Saarbrucken, Germany
MTZ
Ricardo
18-19 Nov 2014
Maximising engine efficiency while complying with strict worldwide emissions standards will
continue to be at the top of the agenda for the manufacturers of heavy-duty on- and off-highway
engines when it comes to developing new powertrains. These demanding objectives not only
require the optimisation of existing systems but also the development of constantly new technical
solutions. The conference focuses, among other things, on innovations in fuel injection, combustion
processes, concepts for in-cylinder and external emission reduction and energy management. The
conference presents current and future developments in heavy diesel and gas engines as well as
alternative drive systems for different applications. It is an essential platform for an international
exchange of ideas and experience between experts in the field of industrial and commercial vehicle
engines.
Topics:
 New diesel, gas and dual-fuel engines for commercial vehicles, mobile machines and
marine and stationary applications
- Low-emission and fuel-efficient powertrains
- Engine and component development
- Utilisation of exhaust heat
 Combustion processes
- Mixture formation
- Combustion process
- Measuring and analysis systems, simulation
 Emissions control
- In-cylinder optimisation
- Exhaust aftertreatment systems
 Alternative fuels and powertrains
- The fuels of the future
- Hybridisation
 Turbocharging, fuel injection and gas injection
- Turbocharging concepts
- Liquid fuel injection systems and components
- Gas injection systems and components
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
Engine and system optimisation
- Mechanical optimisation, friction reduction, drive system
- Engine management
- Development methods.
Website http://www.atzlive.de/index.php;do=show/sid=sgcqpfel8jl6auaepp4pp90a21/site=atz/lng=en/alloc=3
33/id=735
5TH SHIP PROPULSION SYSTEMS CONFERENCE
London, UK
IMarEST
25-26 Nov 2014
http://www.imarest.org/OurEvents/EventListings.aspx
POWER-GEN INTERNATIONAL 2014
Orlando, FL, USA
Pennwell Corporation
9-11 Dec 2014
The exhibitors are the major suppliers of power generation products, services and technology,
including a strong engine and engine-powered gen-set contigent along with controls and other
system components.
Website: http://www.power-gen.com/index/future-event-dates.html
RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD CONFERENCE & EXPO NORTH AMERICA
Orlando, Florida, USA
PennWell
9-11 Dec 2014
Topics include:
 Interconnection and integration issues
 Project development and financing
 Manufacturing technologies
 Wind
 Solar
 Biomass & biofuels
 Hydro
 Geothermal
 Ocean / tidal / wave
 Waste-to-energy
 Energy storage
 Hydrogen and fuel cell
 Renewable portfolio standards
 Green power programs
 Green power marketing
 Federal, state and local incentive programs
 Renewable energy credits and certificates
 Permitting opportunities and challenges
 National security implications
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
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International opportunities and challenges
End-use applications
Utility and large-scale power providers
Commercial and industrial development
Distributed generation.
Website: http://www.renewableenergyworld-events.com/index.html
LNG FUEL FORUM MIDDLE EAST CONFERENCE
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Informa
10-11 Dec 2014
Assessing the commercial and technical viability of LNG as fuel for ships in the Middle East.
Website: http://www.informamaritimeevents.com/event/lng-fuel-forum-middle-east-conference
LNG BUNKERING SUMMIT 2015
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
IQPC
27-28 Jan 2015
As 2015 nears, the shipping industry is faced with adhering to strict regulations on sulphur
emissions. The Emissions Control Area, comprising the Baltic and North Seas along with the
English Channel, will see the fuel sulphur limit fall to just 0.1%. LNG offers one of the most
prominent solutions, reducing sulphur oxide, nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide emissions while
being economically feasible.
With ports and ship operators agreeing that LNG is the most plausible solution to meet upcoming
sulphur emission standards, the question is who will jump first. The past year has seen crucial
developments on both fronts. From July 1st inland shipping can officially bunker with LNG in the
Seinehaven, in Rotterdam Botlek, which is a first for Europe.
Recent months have also witnessed an increased global interest from ship operators. In June,
contracts for building the first LNG-fuelled ferry for domestic Danish trade were signed, a significant
milestone as the ship will be the first LNG-fuelled ferry designed for domestic trade in the European
Union. With ports and ship operators making significant progress, it is clear that a unified approach
is the way forward.
Website: http://www.lngbunkeringsummit.com/
WORLD LNG FUELS 2015
Houston, Texas, USA
Zeus Development Corporation
2-4 Feb 2015
More than ever before, LNG has the opportunity to capture high-horsepower markets as fleets of
trucks, ships, locomotives, power units and stationary applications search for low-cost, clean,
secure fuel. Barriers to market entry appear to be falling one after another as industry participants
race to build out the required liquefaction and logistics infrastructure.
Participants will learn of:
 The status of LNG’s advancement into an unprecedented number of fleets
 New bunker tank designs, rail tender designs.
 Breaking bulk at mega export projects to serve LNG fuel markets.
 LNG's progress in capturing drilling, fracturing and heavy-haul OFS markets.
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Expansion of fuel delivery insfrastructure, including new public, private station networks.
Efforts by railroads not only to consume LNG, but liquefy and transport the fuel.
Updates on efforts to rectify U.S. federal excise tax for highway fleets.
The latest on the Texas Clean Energy Triangle.
In-depth China review.
U.S. Coast Guard efforts to establish critical codes and guidelines.
Contenders in the competition to lead each market vertical: oil and gas, marine, highway
trucking, rail, mining and industry power.
New entrants, customers, suppliers, partners, competitors.
Case studies of efforts to establish new markets, like agriculture.
The latest capabilities and demarcation between CNG and LNG.
The latest efforts to distribute LNG via intermodal containers.
New engine technologies, onboard fuel delivery systems.
Lessons learned from early mine demonstration projects.
Investment and alliance opportunities.
Stretching the capacities of shop-fabricated tanks to new records.
Website: http://www.worldlngfuels.com/
6TH INTERNATIONAL LNG SHIPPING CONFERENCE 2015
London, UK
Informa Maritime Events
5-6 Feb 2015
Essential global industry analysis on the key issues to understand challenges to overcome and
opportunities to utilise including:
 Latest insight on the global LNG shipping fleet
 Crucial drivers impacting global shipping routes
 Future trends in the LNG chartering market
 Developments in finance trends and options for fleet expansion
 New opportunities and regions to maximise the LNG fleet
 Operational and design methods to optimise LNG fleet efficiency
 Strategies to overcome the crew challenge.
Website: http://www.informamaritimeevents.com/event/LNG-Shipping-Conference
C1409 - FUEL SYSTEMS FOR IC ENGINES
London, UK
IMechE
10 Mar 2015
The automotive industry must continue to meet the demands of the modern environmental agenda.
To excel, manufacturers must research and develop fuel systems that guarantee the best engine
performance, ensuring minimal emissions and maximum fuel economy.
The next conference in this successful series on fuel injection systems for internal combustion
engines will focus on the latest technology for state-of-the-art system design, characterisation,
measurement, and modelling, addressing all technological aspects of diesel and gasoline fuel
injection systems. This will range from fundamental fuel spray theory, component design, to effects
on engine performance, fuel economy and emissions.
Topics:
 Fuel injection component design, both diesel and gasoline
 Effects of fuel injection system on spray formation and propagation
 Effects of fuel injection system on engine performance and emissions
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Calibration and optimisation
System integration
Fuel system measuring techniques, development and manufacturing
Engine and vehicle controls
General modelling methods for dynamic performance prediction, especially in highpressure fluids and multiphase regimes
CFD applied to FIE and fuel air mixing
Large engine fuel injection systems
Fuel filtration
Diagnostics and service experience
Exhaust/After-treatment injection systems
Fuel formulation for achieving optimum injection
Low lubricity fuels.
Website: http://events.imeche.org/EventView.aspx?EventID=2323
F+L WEEK 2015 CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION - THEME - "THRIVING IN A VOLATILE,
UNCERTAIN, COMPLEX & AMBIGUOUS (VUCA) ENVIRONMENT: LESSONS FROM THE
MARKET LEADERS"
Singapore
F&L Asia
10-13 Mar 2015
Topics:
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Automotive
Motorcycle
Heavy Duty
Stationary Engines
Industrial & Specialties
Metalworking /Metalforming
Lubricating Greases
Lubricating Base Oils
Transport Fuels.
Website - http://fuelsandlubes.com/conference/call-for-papers
12TH ANNUAL GREEN SHIP TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE - GST 2015
Copenhagen, Denmark
11-12 Mar 2015
Topics:
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International environmental regulations affecting shipping
Environmentally sustainable ship design and hydrodynamics
Fuel management and energy efficiency
Life cycle management and sustainable shipping
Developments in reducing carbon emissions
Ballast water treatment technology
Wastewater management systems
Developments in engine and propulsion technology
Technology for reducing air emissions
Case studies from shipowners and operators for projects under development, in production
or where lessons have been learnt
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Environmental management systems
Oily water treatment systems
Hull biofouling and antifouling technology
Environmental developments in ports and terminals
Reducing emissions and saving energy in port
Crew training and the human factor in environmental responsibility
Corporate social responsibility and sustainability programmes
LNG as a fuel for ships
Ship performance monitoring
Retrofitting for new technology
Monitoring, reporting and verification
Developments in alternative power sources.
Website: http://www.informamaritimeevents.com/event/greenshiptechnology
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION OF RAIL TECHNOLOGY RAIL-TECH 2015
Amersfoort, The Netherlands
EUROPOINT Conferences & Exhibitions
17-19 Mar 2015
Website: www.rail-tech.com
LNG FUEL FORUM NORTH AMERICA 2015
Miami, Florida, USA
18-19 Mar 2015
Hear from industry leaders from across the LNG bunker fuel supply chain on key topics and latest
developments impacting LNG as a fuel in the USA and Canada.
Website: http://www.informamaritimeevents.com/event/LNGNA
ASME 2015 JOINT RAIL CONFERENCE
San Jose, California, USA
ASME
23-26 Mar 2015
Website: http://calendar.asme.org/EventDetail.cfm?EventID=28060
7TH EUROPEAN COMBUSTION MEETING (ECM2015)
Budapest, Hungary
Combustion Institute
30 Mar-2 Apr 2015
The European Combustion Meetings cover all aspects of combustion science and technology,
including fundamental physical and chemical aspects of traditional and novel fuel sources,
modelling, reaction kinetics, industrial systems, gas turbine and engine systems, fires, combustion
diagnostics, laminar and turbulent flames, burner systems, environmental impact and their
mitigation, oxyfuel combustion, boilers and fluidised bed combustors, etc.
Website: http://www.ecm2015.hu/index.php/invitation/
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LNG AND CNG FOR TRANSPORT FORUM - INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND
PRICING MECHANISMS FOR LNG AND CNG IN LAND AND MARINE TRANSPORT
London, UK
Informa
8-9 Apr 2015
Infrastructure development and pricing mechanisms for LNG and CNG in land and marine
transport.
Website: http://www.ibcenergy.com/event/lng-fuel-transport-forum
FLAME 2015 - THE 21ST ANNUAL FLAME CONFERENCE - THE EUROPEAN MEETING
PLACE FOR THE GLOBAL GAS AND LNG COMMUNITY
icbi
13-16 Apr 2015
Annual themes include supply security, geopolitics, gas trading, pricing, infrastructure, investing,
storage, LNG, the third package.
Website - www.icbi-flame.com
8TH ANNUAL MARINE PROPULSION & AUXILIARY MACHINERY CONFERENCE 2015
London, UK
Riviera Maritime Media
15-16 Apr 2015
The Annual Marine Propulsion Conference really addresses the operational challenges facing ship
operators today. Designed by industry for industry, the innovative event format makes it must
attend for anyone whose business involves marine propulsion.
Website - http://www.rivieramm.com/events/the-annual-marine-propulsion-conference-and-awards2015-79/event-home-2094
11TH INTEGER EMISSIONS SUMMIT EUROPE 2015
Dusseldorf, Germany
Integer-Research
9-11 Jun 2015
Building on the success of the 2014 conference, the summit will once again feature dedicated
streams examining diesel emissions legislation and emissions reduction technologies for:
 Heavy-duty commercial vehicles
 Non-road mobile machinery
 Marine vessels
 Light-duty vehicles and passenger cars
 AdBlue.
Website: http://www.integer-research.com/dec-europe-2015/
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POWER-GEN EUROPE
Pennwell
9-11 Jun 2015
Themes include:
 Strategies for a Power Sector in Transition
 Decarbonation and Energy Efficiency
 Gas Fired Generation
 Advanced & Flexible Steam Power Plants
 Electrical Equipment, Machines & Automation Systems
 Plant Optimization and Maintenance
 Nuclear Power Generation.
 Renewable Energy Strategy and Business
 Integrating and Rebuilding Europe’s Power Supply.
Website - http://www.powergeneurope.com
ASME TURBO EXPO 2015
Montreal, Canada
ASME
15-19 Jun 2015
Now in its 60th year, ASME Turbo Expo is recognised as the must-attend event for turbomachinery
professionals. The technical conference has a well-earned reputation for bringing together the best
and brightest experts from around the world to share the latest in turbine technology, research,
development, and application in the following topic areas: gas turbines, steam turbines, wind
turbines, fans & blowers, Rankine cycle, and supercritical CO2. Turbo Expo offers unrivalled
networking opportunities with a dedicated and diverse trade show floor. The 3-day exhibition
attracts the industry's leading professionals and key decision makers, whose innovation and
expertise are helping to shape the future of the turbomachinery industry.
Topics include:
 Aircraft Engine
 Ceramics
 Coal, Biomass & Alternative Fuels
 Combustion, Fuels & Emissions
 Controls, Diagnostics & Instrumentation
 Cycle Innovations
 Electric Power
 Fans & Blowers
 Heat Transfer:
 Industrial & Cogeneration
 Manufacturing Materials & Metallurgy
 Marine
 Microturbines, Turbochargers & Small Turbomachines
 Oil & Gas Applications
 Steam Turbines
 Structures & Dynamics
 Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles
 Turbomachinery
 Wind Energy
Website - http://www.asmeconferences.org/TE2015/index.cfm
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ELECTRIC & HYBRID MARINE MAINTENANCE EXPO 2015
UKIP Media & Events
23-25 Jun 2015
Electric & Hybrid Marine World Expo is dedicated solely to showcasing the very latest and nextgeneration electric and hybrid marine propulsion technologies, components and solutions.
Topics include:
 Electric/hybrid vessel design and build
 Engine and propulsion systems
 Powertrain control and design
 Smart energy management
 Energy storage
 Energy and heat recovery systems
 Modelling and simulation
 Vessel owners' perspectives and case studies
 Genset efficiency
 Battery safety
 Battery integration and charging technologies
 Fuel cell and supercapacitor technologies
 Efficiency gains and operating costs
 Capex v Opex analyses for electric and hybrid vessels
 Vessel electrification via hybrid-electric propulsion
 Fuel consumption
 Emissions reductions
 Hybrid system design and engineering
 Marine e-propulsion including sail/solar
 Electric motors
 Emissions reduction and regulatory compliance
 Operational profile case studies.
Website: http://www.electricandhybridmarineworldexpo.com/
RAILWAY ENGINEERING - 2015 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION
London, UK
ECS Publications
1-2 Jul 2015
Topics:
 Permanent Way, Rail Maintenance, Signalling & Electrification
- High Speed Rail Issues
- Assets
- Management
- Track
- Sleepers & Ties
- Switches & Crossings
- Railway Geotechnics
- Light Rail – Tram Systems
- Wheel-Rail Contact
- Electrification & Lighting
- Safety Integrity Levels (SILs)
- Heavy Haul Issues
- Case Studies
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Rolling Stock & Railway Aerodynamics
- Railway Operation
- Signalling
- Rolling Stock & Rail
- Railway Aerodynamics
Railway Structures & Earthworks
- Assets
- Bridge Dynamics & Repair
- Retaining Walls
- Tunnels
- Earthworks
- Foundation solutions
- Heavy Haul issues
- Contamination Clean-up
- Station Renewal
- Safety & Access Issues
- Case Studies.
http://www.railwayengineering.com/Rail-Eng-2015-Call-for-Papers-1-2-July%202015.pdf
© Ricardo plc 2014
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RICARDO TRAINING 2014
TECHNICAL
TRAINING BY
ENGINEERING
EXPERTS
Frequent courses offered in
a wide range of disciplines
Internal Combustion Engines – Basic
Dates: 8 Jul, 9 Sep, 14 Oct, 18 Nov
Location: Ricardo Shoreham Technical Centre
Price: £650 per person
Internal Combustion Engines – Advanced
Dates: 9-10 Jul, 10-11 Sep, 19-20 Nov
Price: £750 per person per day
Hybrid & Electric Vehicle Systems
Aimed at policy makers, chief technical
officers & strategists
Dates: 24 Sep
Location: Ricardo AEA, Marble Arch, London
Hybrid & Electric Vehicles Systems
Aimed at engineers, researchers & analysts
Dates: 15-16 Oct
Automotive Transmissions – Basic
Dates: 9 Oct
Location: Ricardo Midlands Technical Centre
Automotive Transmissions – Advanced
Dates: 12-13 Nov
Location: Ricardo Midlands Technical Centre
Book your courses online at our new eStore.
New for 2014: eLearning
Email to register your interest in the online
Internal Combustion Engine Basics course
Testimonials
“This course has provided a valuable detailed insight into engine
construction and market drivers. But more than that it was a
thoroughly interesting course at a world class organization”
“Excellent knowledge transfer from the enthusiastic presenters at
the cutting edge of their field”
For more details, please contact:
Shaun Howell on +44 (0) 1273 794021
or Donna Wild on +44 (0) 1273 794632
or email [email protected]
estore.ricardo.com
For further details please contact:
T: +44 (0)1273 794230
F: +44 (0)1273 794555
Email: [email protected]
www.ricardo.com

Large Engine News - Ricardo Knowledge

Transcription

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