Volume 37, Number 1 - Missouri Prairie Foundation
Transcription
Volume 37, Number 1 - Missouri Prairie Foundation
SPRING 2016 VOLUME 37 NUMBER 1 Missouri Prairie Journal The Missouri Prairie Foundation th anniversary campaign MPF Buys 237 Acres in 2015! MPF 2015 Annual Report Great MO Birding Trail Loess Hill Herps Integrating Natives Into Traditional Landscapes Protecting Native Grasslands Message from the President Happy 50th, MPF! I th n October 1966, a small group, recognizing the urgency for an anniversary 1966 – 2016 campaign organization dedicated solely to GOLDENOPPORTUNITYFORPRAIRIEPROTECTION Missouri prairies and their preservation, Prairies Now and met and formally organized what was to be named the Missouri Prairie Foundation (MPF). This year, with more than 1,800 members and more than 3,200 prairie acres now protected in perpetuity under MPF ownership, we are proudly celebrating our 50th Anniversary! MPF is currently planning a wide variety of 50th Anniversary events that include a get-acquainted tour of MPF’s Snowball Hill Prairie—in the Kansas City metro area—on April 9; our Seventh Annual BioBlitz to be held June 4 at MPF’s Linden’s Prairie, with many interactive opportunities to learn about this gorgeous prairie; a ceremony to dedicate and showcase our most recent prairie acquisition in Newton County, Carver Prairie, on July 23; the MPF Annual Dinner on August 6 in Columbia; Grow Native! workshops; Ozark glade outings; and many other activities. We very much hope you will join us in celebrating this significant milestone and attend as many of our events as possible. Up-to-date information about MPF events is available at www. moprairie.org and Facebook. If you do not already receive MPF’s e-news, you can sign up at the website to receive free, periodic updates by email. While you are making prairie event plans, be sure to remember the importance of connecting younger generations to our native landscape. This can be very rewarding—as my husband and I found out last June when we had the privilege of visiting MPF’s stunning Linden’s Prairie with two of our grandsons, ages 11 and 13. They were enchanted with the landscape of blooming goat’s rue, bee balm, pale purple coneflowers, and many more and couldn’t take enough photos. It is by sharing and by providing prairie experiences for others, and especially for younger people, that we help others develop an understanding of prairie—its beauty and functions, and how vital it is to protect what remains. As you take part in MPF’s prairie events this 50th Anniversary year, take a moment to feel pride for your efforts to make these events possible. Whether through your membership, donations, or advocacy, you are promoting the protection of our vanishing, irreplaceable, native prairie landscapes. Your involvement with MPF has been and will continue to be essential to our conservation work and the protection of beautiful, unplowed prairie remnants in perpetuity. Make this the year you get out and discover native prairie or get acquainted with one you haven’t visited previously. Grab your plant, butterfly, and other ID books, your binoculars, pencil and pad, and have a (many) wonderful prairie experience(s). MPF’s founders would be pleased. Forever Doris Sherrick, MPF President Funding for this issue of the Missouri Prairie Journal has been provided by 2 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 Look for LUSH Charity Pot hand and body lotion at LUSH stores across North America. The mission of the Missouri Prairie Foundation (MPF) is to protect and restore prairie and other native grassland communities through acquisition, management, education, and research. Officers President Doris Sherrick, Peculiar, MO Immediate Past President Jon Wingo, Wentzville, MO Vice President Dale Blevins, Independence, MO Vice President of Science and Management Bruce Schuette, Troy, MO Secretary Margo Farnsworth, Smithville, MO Treasurer Laura Church, Kansas City, MO Directors Susan E. Appel, Leawood, KS Anita Berwanger, Jefferson City, MO Glenn Chambers, Columbia, MO Christine Chiu, Springfield, MO Brian Edmond, Walnut Grove, MO Page Hereford, St. Louis, MO Sarah Hinman, Springfield, MO Scott Lenharth, Nevada, MO Jan Sassmann, Bland, MO David Young, Windsor, MO Vacancy Vacancy Presidential Appointees Holly Berthold, St. Louis, MO Honorary Board Member Dr. Peter H. Raven, St. Louis, MO Active Past Officers Wayne Morton, M.D., Osceola, MO Steve Mowry, Trimble, MO Stanley M. Parrish, Walnut Grove, MO Van Wiskur, Pleasant Hill, MO Emeritus Bill Crawford, Columbia, MO Bill Davit, Washington, MO Lowell Pugh, Golden City, MO Owen Sexton, St. Louis, MO Technical Advisors Max Alleger, Clinton, MO Jeff Cantrell, Neosho, MO Steve Clubine, Windsor, MO Dennis Figg, Jefferson City, MO Mike Leahy, Jefferson City, MO Dr. Quinn Long, St. Louis, MO Rudi Roeslein, St. Louis, MO Dr. James Trager, Pacific, MO Staff Carol Davit, Executive Director and Missouri Prairie Journal Editor, Jefferson City, MO Jerod Huebner, Director of Prairie Management, Joplin, MO Contents Spring Editor: Carol Davit, phone: 573-356-7828 [email protected] Designer: Tracy Ritter Technical Review: Mike Leahy, Bruce Schuette 2016 VOLUME 37, NUMBER 1 Proofing: Doris and Bob Sherrick, Bill Davit The Missouri Prairie Journal is mailed to Missouri Prairie Foundation members as a benefit of membership. Please contact the editor if you have questions about or ideas for content. Regular membership dues to MPF are $35 a year. To become a member, to renew, or to give a free gift membership when you renew, send a check to 4 16 2 Message from the President or become a member on-line at www.moprairie.org 4 2015 Annual Report By Carol Davit General e-mail address [email protected] 14 50th Anniversary Campaign Update By Carol Davit 16 The Great Missouri Birding Trail By Mike Doyen 20 18 Establishing Native Pasture with a Cover Crop Cocktail By Chris McLeland 20 The Hills Are Alive with Herps By Mark S. Mills, Darrin Welchert, and Jordan Meyer 24 Grow Native! Integrating Natives into a Non-native, Traditional Landscape By Alan Branhagen 27 Jeff Cantrell’s Education on the Prairie 28 Steve Clubine’s Native Warm-Season Grass News 24 MEMBERSHIP ADDRESS: Missouri Prairie Foundation c/o Martinsburg Bank P.O. Box 856 Mexico, MO 65265-0856 30 Prairie Postings Back cover Calendar of Events Toll-free number 1-888-843-6739 www.moprairie.org Questions about your membership or donation? Contact Jane Schaefer, who administers MPF’s membership database at [email protected]. On the cover: The striking bobolink winters in South America, flying 5,000 miles to the northern U.S. and Canada to breed. Flocks migrate through Missouri in spring and fall, stopping to forage for insects in prairies and roadsides. Some are resident breeders on some grasslands in Missouri. In this centennial anniversary of the Migratory Bird Treaty, we recognize the importance of prairies for migratory bird habitat. Matt Miles photograph. Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 3 #81779 #8426 2015 MPF annual report Two Prairies Purchased in 2015! 4 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 BRUCE SCHUETTE T he Missouri Prairie Foundation (MPF) gratefully acknowledges the generosity of all supporters who not only enabled MPF to carry out an impressive amount of prairie stewardship and outreach and educational programming in 2015, but also to buy two additional tracts of land. With these new acquisitions, MPF now owns 20 properties totaling more than 3,200 acres. In an era of rapidly dwindling original prairie resources and competition for cropland and other development, this is a significant accomplishment. This past summer, via a loan and support of generous donors, the Platte Land Trust, and other groups, MPF purchased 74 acres that includes the 24-acre Snowball Hill Prairie, an original unplowed prairie in Cass County near Harrisonville in the greater Kansas City area. The balance of the acreage is cropped, and MPF intends to reconstruct prairie on this portion in the future. The purchase price was $473,994, with $173,959 the amount currently needed to pay off the Snowball Hill loan. The most striking aspect of this prairie is its 70 feet of relief, which provides habitat for dry prairie plants atop the hill and for wet-soil loving plants in the wet-mesic and swale areas at the prairie’s base. At least 119 plant species have been documented to date at the tract—including the grass Poa interior, critically imperiled in the state and known from only one other site in Missouri. This plant community provides habitat for many animals, from insects to birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles. MPF tours of Snowball Hill are planned for April 9 and during the summer; date to be determined. On December 16, MPF purchased its second tract of land for the year: 163 acres of original, unplowed prairie and original woodland in Newton County, adjacent to the Missouri Department of Conservation’s Diamond Grove Prairie Natural Area. The cost was $373,144, paid for with funding through the $750,000 Natural Resource Damage Assessment Award to MPF in 2013. MPF is naming this new tract Carver Prairie, in honor of the scientist Dr. George Washington Carver, who was from the area. A July 23, 2016 dedication is planned. The financial support MPF received in 2015 brought the organization closer to its 50th Anniversary goals, as well. Additional gifts, however, especially for long-term prairie stewardship and MPF’s permanent endowment, are needed to meet our fundraising goals. We hope you will take part in MPF’s many giving opportunities in 2016. —Carol Davit Executive Director & Missouri Prairie Journal Editor MPF’s Snowball Hill Prairie Welcome, New Board Members! At the 2015 MPF Annual Meeting on October 10, members voted to add new directors Christine Chiu and Sarah Hinman, both of Springfield, who had served as presidential appointees, and Anita Berwanger, of Jefferson City. Holly Berthold, of St. Louis, joined the board as a presidential appointee. At its October 11, 2015 meeting, the board of directors elected the slate of officers for the coming year. Those elected had also served as officers in 2014: Doris Sherrick, President; Dale Blevins, Vice President; and Susan Appel, Secretary. Bruce Schuette remains the Vice President of Science and Management and Laura Church remains as Treasurer. (After that meeting, Susan Appel resigned as Secretary in order to serve as chair of the Nominations Committee, and director Margo Farnsworth was elected at the January 23, 2016 board meeting, to serve as Secretary.) HIGHLIGHTS OF 2015 WORK Prairie Stewardship • Dedicated Pleasant Run Creek and Linden’s Prairie, which MPF purchased in 2014, and began stewardship activities on both tracts. At Pleasant Run Creek, extensive tree cutting and tall fescue control were especially noteworthy accomplishments. • Hired Director of Prairie Management Jerod Huebner, who is based near Joplin, MO; stewarded MPF’s more than 3,200 acres of prairie, which included completion of many prescribed burns; and provided invasive species control on more than 500 acres of prairie owned by the Missouri Department of Conservation. • Conducted a vegetative survey and established permanent monitoring plots at MPF’s Joplin Urban Prairie project. • Funded a botanical survey of MPF’s La Petite Gemme Prairie, conducted by the Institute for Botanical Training (IBT), which found the prairie, on a ¼-meter basis, to have the highest native plant diversity anywhere in the state ever surveyed by IBT. MPF also funded botanical surveys of its Pleasant Run Creek Prairie and Linden’s Prairie. • Funded a pollinator survey at MPF’s Pleasant Run Creek Prairie, and administered a grant that funded a study of insects at two conservation areas and the development of an insect scorecard for land managers to evaluate grassland reconstructions and restorations. HOW MPF USED FUNDING TO CONSERVE PRAIRIE AND PROVIDE NATIVE PLANT EDUCATION IN 2015* Membership and Fundraising 10% Administration: 6.4% Unrealized Capital Valuation Loss on Investments ^ 8.4% Outreach, Education, Research, and Grow Native! Program 35.2% Prairie Management, Property Taxes, Land Appraisals, and Insurance 40% Programmatic Expenses 75.2% * I n 2015, MPF received funds to purchase Snowball Hill Prairie and Carver Prairie, which are accounted for in the revenue chart below. Because these land purchases are fixed assets, they are not included in the expense chart above. ^ Not a true expense MPF 2015 SOURCES OF FUNDING Merchandise, Seed, and Plant Sales USDA Payments 3.1% Grow Native! Program 4.7% 2.6% Rent, Annual Dinner, Used Equiptment Sales, and other Fundraising Events Investment Income 1.6% 0.1% Grants Membership dues and other donations by individuals 47% 40.9% JEROD HUEBNER In 2015, MPF Director of Prairie Management Jerod Huebner oversaw significant restoration of MPF’s Pleasant Run Creek Prairie, including much tree clearing, as these before (left), and after photos illustrate. Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 5 ATCHISON NODAWAY WORTH HARRISON MERCER PUTNAM HOLT 6 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 Bruns Tract Friendly Prairie KNOX DEKALB BUCHANAN CLINTON LINN CALDWELL Stark Family Prairie AUDRAIN HOWARD SALINE JACKSON LAFAYETTE BOONE PETTIS CALLAWAY COOPER JOHNSON COLE OSAGE BENTON ST LOUIS FRANKLIN MORGAN JEFFERSON MILLER MARIES CAMDEN ST CLAIR CRAWFORD HICKORY VERNON ST CHARLES WARREN MONITEAU HENRY BATES LINCOLN MONT GOMERY CASS WASHINGTON PHELPS STE GENEVIEVE PULASKI CEDAR POLK DALLAS IRON LACLEDE BARTON MADISON WEBSTER WRIGHT BOLLINGER SHANNON JASPER LAWRENCE CHRISTIAN DOUGLAS WAYNE BARRY TANEY STODDARD OREGON OZARK SCOTT CARTER HOWELL STONE Penn-Sylvania Prairie CAPE GIRARDEAU REYNOLDS TEXAS GREENE NEWTON PERRY ST FRANCOIS DENT DADE Welsch Tract Carver Prairie PIKE CLAY Lattner Prairie Golden Prairie RALLS MONROE RANDOLPH CARROLL Pleasant Run Creek Prairie Coyne Prairie MARION RAY Gayfeather Prairie Edgar & Ruth Denison Prairie SHELBY CHARITON PLATTE Schwartz Prairie Stilwell Prairie MACON LIVINGSTON Drovers’ Prairie Snowball Hill Prairie Now in its 50th year, MPF has acquired more than 3,970 acres of prairie for permanent protection. With the conveyance of more than 700 of those acres to the Missouri Department of Conservation, MPF currently owns more than 3,200 acres in 20 tracts of land and provides management services for additional acres owned by others. LEWIS DAVIESS MISSISSIPPI BUTLER RIPLEY NEW MADRID MCDONALD MAP DATA PROVIDED BY CHRIS WIEBERG, MDC. La Petite Gemme Prairie Linden’s Prairie MPF ownership These prairies saved by MPF and later sold to the Missouri Department of Conservation PEMISCOT DUNKLIN 8.1-acre property MPF owns and is restoring in the City of Joplin, which will be deeded to the city by 2019. Presettlement Prairie. Of these original 15 million acres, fewer than 90,000 scattered acres remain. Ecologists rank temperate grasslands—which include Missouri’s tallgrass prairies—as the least conserved, most threatened major terrestrial habitat type on earth. Prairie protection efforts in Missouri, therefore, are not only essential to preserving our state’s natural heritage, but also are significant to national and even global conservation work. MPF is the only organization in the state whose land conservation efforts are dedicated exclusively to prairie and other native grasslands. Initiative Conference, and many other locations. • Organized the MPF Annual Dinner in Kansas City, featuring Bruce Schuette, MPF’s Vice President of Science and Management, presenting “Natural Assets: The Conservation Value of Prairie Remnants.” • In 2015, MPF provided funding to Dr. Taylor Quedensley, Assistant Professor of Biology, at Missouri Western State University in St. Joseph, for lichen and bryophyte (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts) research and to the Enns Entomological Museum at the University of MO–Columbia for research on macroinvertebrates of prairie headwater streams, with work conducted by graduate student Jessica Warwick. MPF supported other surveys and monitoring by making its prairies available for study by Dr. Alice Tipton, studying mycorrhizae interac- tions (relationships between fungi and roots) on prairies and glades, and to the Missouri River Bird Observatory, for grassland bird studies. See summaries of 2015 research activities at www. moprairie.org/prairie-research for more information. ROBERT WEAVER annual report 2015 • Partnered in spearheading, at the request of the National Wildlife Federation, a Missouri Monarch and Pollinator Conservation Collaborative, whereby MPF met more than a dozen times with partners to form this new collaborative and begin designing a statewide plan. • Gave away more than 6,000 native milkweed and nectar plants to groups and individuals to help monarch butterflies—thanks to a Missouri Department of Conservation grant. • Amplified prairie advocacy in numerous ways, including the delivery by MPF’s Executive Director Carol Davit of both a TEDx talk on the importance of prairie and the opening keynote address at the America’s Grasslands Conference in Colorado. • Awarded a Prairie Gardens Grant to the Environmental Action Committee, Warrensburg. • Organized events free and open to the public, including MPF’s Sixth Annual Prairie BioBlitz at La Petite Gemme Prairie and a raptor program. • Produced three issues of the Missouri Prairie Journal sent to members, elected officials, schools, teachers, landowners, and conservation leaders. • Gave presentations on prairie and native plants to garden clubs and other groups, and organized native plant sales in Kansas City, at Columbia Bass Pro Shops®, Town and Country Whole Foods® Market, and Runge Conservation Nature Center in Jefferson City. MPF also had educational displays at the Danforth Plant Science Center, Dunn Ranch Prairie, the Missouri Bird Conservation Runge Prairie CLARK GASCONADE Outreach, Advocacy, and Research SCOTLAND ADAIR GRUNDY ANDREW Prairie Fork Expansion SCHUYLER SULLIVAN GENTRY MPF Vice President of Science and Management Bruce Schuette was the presenter at the 2015 Annual Dinner. If you would like a free copy of the 2016 Grow Native! Resource Guide to native plant products and services, please send a message to [email protected] or call 888-8436739. Large supplies are also available to give away at conferences, garden club meetings, and other events. MPF Executive Director Carol Davit, far left, was the opening keynote speaker at the National Wildlife Federation’s (NWF’s) 2015 America’s Grasslands Conference. With Davit from left are NWF colleagues Aviva Glaser, Lekha Knuffman, and Julie Sibbing. In 2015, MPF carried out many Grow Native! activities, including numerous events to highlight the 15th anniversary of this native plant education and marketing program. The goals of Grow Native! are to increase the supply of and demand for native plants in the built environment and altered landscapes. The work of Grow Native! is overseen by a committee of dedicated native plant advocates and native plant industry professionals. Highlights of 2015 activities include: • Completion of a 2016–2021 Grow Native! strategic plan to guide growth of the program and annual implementation. The plan is available at www.grownative.org. • Organization of three successful workshops in Independence, Gerald, and Kirkwood, MO for professionals, homeowners, and landowners. • Commissioning of a native bioswale design for George Owen Nature Park. • Production of articles throughout the year for several gardening publications, as well as Top Ten natives lists (available at www.grownative.org). • Organization of a successful Grow Native! professional member conference to provide continuing native plant education to professionals. • Recognition of Grow Native’s 15th anniversary, with special programming throughout the year. • Distribution of 13,000 copies of the 2015 Grow Native! Resource Guide statewide and elsewhere in the lower Midwest. • Sale of more than 130,000 Grow Native! plant tags to Grow Native! professional members. ROBERT WEAVER Grow Native! Program Activity In 2015, Grow Native! produced a 15-year booklet on the history of the program. The booklet includes biographies of 2015 Native Plant Pioneer awardees. The 15 awardees, including Henry Eilers, pictured here, received photos and plaques from Grow Native! Committee chair Betty Grace and Committee member Bill Ruppert at the November 6, 2015 MPF Annual Dinner. MPF board member Jan Sassmann framed the awards. The booklet is available at www.grownative.org/who-we-are/history. In 2015, the Grow Native! program sold approximately 30,000 Monarch Café plant tags and developed a new line of specialty native plant tags for 2016 called Pollinator Buffet, with 11 different tag designs each featuring a native plant and a native insect that helps pollinate it. Look for these tags when you buy natives! A new Monarch Café tag was also developed in 2016 for purple milkweed (Asclepias purpurascens). Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 7 2016 Grow Native! Sponsors Grow Native! Champion Sponsor ($2,000): U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Grow Native! Platinum Sponsors ($1,000): City of Springfield Environmental Services Forrest Keeling Nursery Greenscape Gardens Missouri Department of Conservation Missouri Wildflowers Nursery Native Landscape Solutions, Inc. Pure Air Natives St. Louis Composting Sugar Creek Gardens Grow Native! Gold Sponsors ($500): ASP Enterprises Bohn’s Farm and Greenhouses Bohn’s Farm and Greenhouses, St. Louis Sales Office DJM Ecological Services Madison County, Illinois, Planning and Development National Nursery Products–St. Louis Grow Native! Contributing Sponsors: ($250): Gaylena’s Garden Green Thumb Gardens/Down to Earth Services Landscape & Nursery Association of Greater–St. Louis SCI Engineering Taylor Creek Restoration Nurseries — St. Louis Sales Office 2015 Grow Native! Ambassador Award The Grow Native! program annually recognizes an individual who has made outstanding contributions to the advancement of the use and promotion of native plants in the built environment or altered landscapes. Recognition is awarded in the form of the Grow Native! Ambassador Award. At the 2015 Grow Native! professional member conference in November, Grow Native! Committee Chair, Betty Grace, left, announced that Bob Lee of Chesterfield, MO had been selected to receive the 2015 Ambassador Award. Lee, a Missouri Master Naturalist in the Confluence Chapter, is the instigator behind Missourians for Monarchs— an initiative of Master Gardeners, Missouri Master Naturalists, and Federated Garden Club members—to unify a statewide army of people to sustain and increase monarch butterfly populations by planting milkweeds, educating citizens about the importance of milkweed and native nectar plants, how to collect seed, grow plants, and distribute them statewide. Lee is also a member of the Missouri Monarch and Pollinator Conservation Steering Committee. Congratulations, Bob Lee, and thank you for being an ambassador for natives! TINA CASSAGRAND MPF’s Grow Native! program includes a professional membership component, whereby members’ annual dues support the activity of the program, and the program helps market the products and services of the members, as well as provides member educational benefits. In 2015, 96 businesses, educational institutions, organizations, municipalities, and others renewed or became new members for 2016 at the $100 or $150 membership levels, or at one of several higher sponsorship levels. MPF thanks all members and would like to give special recognition to these generous sponsors: 2015 PHOTOS BY SHARON DEROUSSE annual report 2015 Native Landscape Challenge 8 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 The annual Landscape Challenge, jointly sponsored by Grow Native!, Shaw Nature Reserve, and the St. Louis Chapter of Wild Ones, has once again helped transform another homeowner’s property, this time in University City, MO. Weather conditions were perfect for planting, with just enough rain previously to make the ground easy to dig, and an early morning temperature in the 50s on a sunny day. As volunteers arrived, landscape designer Jeanne Cablish placed native plants donated by Missouri Wildflowers Nursery in the designated locations. Homeowners Rosalie and Terry had prepared the site in advance and greeted volunteers. In addition, Scott Woodbury, Curator of the Whitmire Wildflower Garden at Shaw Nature Reserve and Grow Native! advisor, was on hand to provide guidance on planting and to oversee the project along with Jeanne and the homeowners. Amazingly, with everyone’s enthusiastic digging, the plants were placed, soil was filled in and mulch distributed for the combination shade and sun garden area in only an hour and a half. After the traditional dirty-hands group photo, Ed Schmidt, St. Louis Wild Ones president, gave a short talk and presented a volunteers-signed copy of Dave Tylka’s book, Native Landscaping for Wildlife and People, to Rosalie and Terry. —Marcia Myers SCISSORTAILED FLYCATCHER BY NOPPADOL PAOTHONG Thank you, MPF Members and Other Supporters Who Made Contributions in 2015 Thank you, 2015 Grantors! $100,000 and above Platte Land Trust MPF is grateful to all individuals, agencies, private foundations, and other organizations for their support in 2015. Several grantors made significant awards and grants that made two acquisitions and much stewardship possible: $35,000 to $99,000 Mrs. Hilda (Pat) Jones Edgar Schmidt • The Environmental Improvement and Energy Resources Authority, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, for administering $373,144 from a $750,000 Natural Resources Damage Assessment award made to MPF in 2013, to purchase 163 acres of land in Newton County. $10,000 to $19,999 Susan Lordi Marker and Dennis Marker Rudi Roeslein, Roeslein Alternative Energy LLC • Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC), for funding through several cooperative agreements: $56,250 for prairie stewardship on MPF and MDC prairies; $17,000 to purchase and give away milkweed and nectar plants to benefit monarch butterflies and pollinators; $15,000 to conduct a statewide private prairie inventory; and $12,750 for an insect study and development of an insect scorecard as a prairie restoration evaluation tool. • The Robert J. Trulaske, Jr. Family Foundation, for its $25,000 grant for restoration and stewardship work at MPF’s Pleasant Run Creek, Lattner, and Denison Prairie complex in Vernon and Barton Counties. • The William T. Kemper Foundation, for a grant of $25,000 towards the purchase of Snowball Hill Prairie. • The Edward K. Love Conservation Foundation, for its grant of $25,000, directed to prairie stewardship. • LUSH Fresh Handmade Cosmetics, for a grant of $17,200 to support production of the Missouri Prairie Journal. • The Horne Family Charitable Foundation, for a grant of $10,000 for general operating expenses. • The Missouri Bird Conservation Initiative, for grant funds of $10,000 for stewardship and restoration at MPF’s Stilwell Prairie. $20,000 to $34,999 Gina Miller Doris and Bob Sherrick $5,000 to $9,999 Ronald and Suzanne Berry Ann Lovell Margaret Holyfield and Maurice Meslans $2,500 to $4,999 Jessica Muller, Federick W. Muller Testamentary Trust Mervin and Virginia Wallace, Missouri Wildflowers Nursery Stephen Weissman and Gary Ross-Reynolds $1,000 to $2,499 Anonymous Anonymous Carl Armontrout Robert and Martha Barnhardt M. Neil and Debra Bass Mark Belwood Anita Berwanger Dale and Marla Blevins Dale and Connie Carpentier Anna Case-Slawsky and Don Slawsky Michael Cheek Laura Church Bill Crawford Bill and Joyce Davit Mrs. Henry (Nancy)Day Susan Dyer Margo Farnsworth and Jim Pascoe Francine Glass Thomas Hall Robert and Cathleen Hansen Rusty and Prae Hathcock Page and Fonda Hereford Mike and Julie Holley, Ozark Forest Mushrooms Jerome and Billie Jerome, Wallace H. Jerome Foundation Lance and Pat Jessee Harold John Curtis, Deborah, Gary, and Brittany Kukal Warren and Susan Lammert Carol Davit and Michael Leahy Michael McMullen Bob Middleton Wayne Morton Steve and Ann Mowry Jerry Overton Mary E. Pitcher Terence Raterman Timothy Lang Rogers, Lang Rogers Family Foundation F. Leland and Mary Russell Walter and Marie Schmitz John and Jacquelyn Settlage Bernard and Betty Teevan Estate of Linden Trial Van and Margaret Wiskur $500 to $999 Anonymous Buzz and Angel Avery Robert and Linda Ballard Joe Bassler Mark Brodkey Karen and Paul Cox Suzanne Crandall Bucky Green Alan and Sharon Hillard James L. Hull Tom and Anne Hutton John and Deborah Killmer Robert and Barbara Kipfer Inger and Ian Lamb Kurt and Judith Odendahl Kei and Susan Pang Barbara and William Pickard Simon and Vicki Pursifull Gordon and Barbara Risk Dustin Schaaf Aaron and Tracy Twombly $250 to $499 Joan E. Adam Hearld and Marge Ambler Darlene Arnett Robert and Ruby Ball Pat Behle John Besser and Cathy Richter Deborah Borek Judy and Jerry Bowman John Camp Robert Campbell II Jeffrey Cantrell Stephen Davis Ronald and Sue Dellbringge Ann Earley and Bob Siemer Brian Edmond Rebecca Erickson Kerry and Steven Herndon Richard Moore and Linda Hezel Todd and Susan Higgins Cynthia Hobart Larry and Joan Hummel Joseph and Anne Jezak George Kambouris Forrest Keeling Nursery Janet Koester Tom and Evelyn Mangan James and Nancy Martin Pat and Peter McDonald Walter and Cynthia Metcalfe Steve and Judy Mohler William and Mary Moran Marjorie Motley, Federated Garden Clubs of Missouri, Inc. Paul Petty Stan and Audrey Putthoff Paul Ross St. Louis Community Foundation Caroline and William Sant Jean and Jim Shoemaker Steve C. Taylor Nancy Tongren Michael Trial Charles and Nancy Van Dyke Mary and Steve Weinstein Westport Garden Club Mark Willard Charitable Trust Sue Ann and Richard Wright $100 to $249 Barbara Anderson Krystal Anton Susan Appel Richard Armstrong Scott Avetta Darin Banks Kent and Patty Bankus Daniel and Joann Barklage Bauer Equity Partners Anastasia Becker David and Nancy Bedan Edward Beheler, Broken Arrow Ranch Patricia Bellington Benevity Community Impact Fund Larry and Sarah Berglund Holly Berthold William and Rita Berthold Nick and Denise Bertram David Berwanger, CT Laboratories Jacqueline Bettale Peter Bloch and Marsha Richins Leona Lee Bohm Irving and Melody Boime Allan and Nancy Bornstein Ron Boudouris Robert Boyd Shirley Braunlich and Peggy Robinson William and Ester Bultas Fred and Susan Burk Tom and Ellen Burkemper Ann Case Robert Charity Louis Clairmont and Deborah Barker Marty Clark Steve and Debbie Clark Patricia Clarke Jean C. Coday, Laura Ingalls Wilder Historic Home & Museum Donna Cole Fred and Nancy Coombs Mr. and Mrs. Richard Cronemeyer John and Kathryn Crouch Jo Anna Dale William Danforth Dolly Darigo Sue Davis William and Arlene Davis Kevin and Janet Day Joseph and Carmen Dence Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 9 2015 annual report MPF Members and Other Supporters Who Made Contributions in 2015, Continued Trent Dennis Jenny Hopwood-Dickson and Tim Dickson Dee Dokken Stan and Gwynn Douglas Mike Doyen Ethan Duke and Dana Ripper, Missouri River Bird Observatory Catherine Ebbesmeyer Max and Melissa Elliott Vernon and Judy Elsberry George and Wendy Farrell James and Cynthia Felts Dennis Figg Mary B. Fink Cheryl and Chuck Fletcher Robert and Lynn Fuerst Timothy Fuhrman Dale and Patricia Funk Savannah and William B. Furman Robert Garrecht James and Joan Garrison Elizabeth George John George Linda and Clyde Gibson Ona Gieschen Gary and Lillian Giessow Len and Tammy Gilmore Marian Goodding Jim and Betty Grace Ruth Grant and Howard Schwartz Rick Gray Nelson and Susan Greenlund Greg Gremaud David Gronefeld Lloyd and Ruth Gross Randy Haas Michael and Kathryn Haggans Natalie Halpin Kenneth and Cleo Hamilton Joe Hampel Melanie Haney Jack and Patricia Harris Ted Harris Dave and Tanya Haubein Donald and Ina Hays Susan Hazelwood Anita Heckenbach Kris Henkhaus, ProPharma Group Inc. Ann Henning Charlotte Herman Rex and Martha Hill Joe Holland Chris Kirmaier and Dewey Holton Penny (Pauline) Holtzmann Robert and Melinda Horn Bob Hotfelder Gaylena Hudek, Gaylena’s Garden Carole and Bob Hunter Robert and Michele Hurst Teresa and Mike Ittner Robert and Joan Jefferson Tom Jegla Frank and Theresa Johnson George D. and Penny Johnson Juliet Johnson Paul and Barbara Johnson Leslie and Chad Jordon Stu and Susan Keck Mike and Betsy Keleher Jay Kelly Robin Kern David Kirk 10 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 Lesley Knowles John and Sharon Koehler Roger and Lynda Koenke Keith and Kuniko Kretzmer Russ and Kim Krohn Linda S. Labrayere Revocable Trust Douglas and Deborah Ladd Terry and Marilyn Largent Mark and Mary Leeker Chip Lerwick John and Nancy Lewis Mark and Patti Loehnig Theresa and Joseph Long Alice Longfellow, Longfellow’s Garden Center Glenn and Judith Longworth Carolyn and Joseph Losos Ronald W. and Margie Lumpe Randall Maas Donna MacDonald, Garden Club of Richmond Heights Megan Machin Roger Maddux and Cynthia Hildebrand Dennis and Tina Markwardt Doug and Beth Martin Jan Martin Gayla and Steve May Ric and Jean Mayer Marty and Sara McCambridge Jason McFayden Larry and Belinda Mechlin Terry and Ellen Meier Larry Melton Mary Meredith Stephen Merlo Kathleen Metter Kristine Metter Brad Meyer Philip and Pearl Miller Missouri Native Plant Society Richard and Carol Mock Nancy Mohr Lydia Mower Dean and Bette Murphy Judith Sarah Myers and Dennis O’Brien Paul and Suzanne Nauert Mort Nelson Thompson Nelson and Lorraine Gordon Greg Newell Doris Niehoff Thomas and Lynn Noyes Harry O’Toole Jeanne Ortega Mary Jo Ostenberg Orbie Overly Ozark Regional Land Trust Keith and Leigh Patterson Burton Paul, Tuque Prairie Farms, Inc. Glenn and Ilayna Pickett Jeanie Scott Pillen Ray Poninski Wendy Powell Joel Pratt Caroline Pufalt Lois Quenneville Rip Yasinski and Trish Quinten Roger and Anita Randolph Jeanne Reiss Nancy and Dwyer Reynolds Tracy Ritter Mark Robbins Robert Hagg and Reta Roe Thomas Alexander and Laura Rogers Derron and Connie Rolf Sebastian Rueckert Bill Ruppert Robert Sabin Thomas Saladin Charles Salveter Becky Sanborn Faith Sandler Bruce and Jan Sassmann Jane Schaefer Dave and Angela Schneider Martin Schweig Noel George and Connie Seek Arlene Segal Kathy Sellars Roberta Settergren Cecil Settle Jerry Shatto Steven and Christine Sheriff Tim Sherrick Carl and Kay Singer John Skelton Charles and Charlotte Skornia Rollin and Bettina Sparrowe Cindy Squire, Twin Cedar Creeks Deanna Staehling Marvin and Karen Staloch Steve Straub James Sullivan Christine and Rocky Swiger Rheba Symeonoglou Judith Tharp Richard and Karen Thom Lisa Thomas Herbert and Susan Tillema Bill and Sue Tillman Nadia Navarrete-Tindall and Randy Tindall Gary Schimmelpfenig and Christine Torlina Lydia Toth James and Jan Trager Mike and Kathy Trier Eric Tschanz David and Jennifer Urich Henk and Nita Van Der Werff Jane Van Sant Frank Varon Kayla Vaughn, Ethical Society of St. Louis Matt Vitello Michael Rues and Ann Wakeman Henry and Susan Warshaw W. Randall Washburn Richard Watson Samuel Watts Jim Welsh Carol Weston Linda Williams James and Alice Williamson Karen Wilson Janet Kister and David Wolfe Jill Woodruff Carole Woodson Teresa Woody and Rik Siro, Woody Law Firm, LLC $60 to $99 Cathy Backs, Grace the Earth Foundation Doug Bauer, Pure Air Natives Jim Braswell, Show-Me-Nature Photography Denise Brubaker Tom Carr Theresa Ciccolella Columbia Weavers and Spinners Guild Donald Dick Lawrence Drummond Bernadette Dryden John Eckardt Dick and Dianne Fermanian Suzanne Hunt and Andrew Gredell Chris and Pam Gumper Jeff Hansen Ivan Hayworth, Missouri Veteran’s Home Neil and Marilyn Heimsoth Jason and Jane Hennessey Kathleen and Lawrence Horgan Emily and Paul Horner Karen Horny Vicki Johnson Kim Killian Steve Kodner Kent Kuhlman Linda Lehrbaum Jeff Leonard Rae and Joan Letsinger Quinn and Melissa Long Bob Lorance Mallinckrodt Matching Gifts Program Marcel Maupin Angela Nance Barbara and Wade Newman Maria O’Keefe Wayne Perkins John Harris and Denise Pimkerton Nancy and Sam Potter Margie Richards Daryl Ann Rogers George Rose Paul Ross, Jr. Harley Scheidegger Marc and Debbie Scholes Justin Sheriff and Elizabeth Leis-Newman Robert and Joyce Slater Brian Todd Joel and Marty Vance Ralph Barker and Margaret Vandeven Rad Widmer Duane and Judith Woltjen Dalton and Stephanie Wright $35 to $59 Monte Abbott Janice Albers Drew and Tara Albert Tom and Cathy Aley, Ozark Underground Laboratory, Inc. Russell Allen Alan and Paula Alshouse David and Sandra Alspaugh Bill Ambrose Denise Anderson Kathleen and Harold Anderson Michelle Anderson Pamela Schnebelen and Jane Anton Nancy Jo Appel Patty Ardis Robert Arrowsmith David Austin Martin Bailey Debra Jo and Barry Baker Byron and Virginia Baker, Baker Brothers Farm Lisa Bakerink John and Agnes Baldetti Carol Ballard Tom and Cindy Bander Steven Barco Pamela and Jerry Barnabee Melanie Barrier Bruce Bates John and Emmi Bay Lesa Beamer Jack Beckett John and Carole Behrer Renée Benage Bill and Linda Bennett Jerry and Linda Benson Margaret Bergfeld Terry and Carol Berkland Jo Ann Berwanger Mary Lou Berwanger Paul Berwanger Robert Bidstrup Kathy Bildner Bill Birkeness William and Dianne Blankenship Dan and Jenny Blesi Kevin and Mistie Bley Alice Bloch and Frank Flinn Boeing Company Jane Block Don Bohler Dennis and Kathleen Bopp John S. and Laura Bosnak Beverly Boucher Linda and Dale Bourg William and Monica Bowman Dennis Bozzay Jim and Joyce Braddock Lyndon Bragdon Barbara Brain George and Nancy Brakhage Charles Bramlage Terry and Ann Brazeal Mike and Martha Brooks Glenn Brown Julie Brown William and Sibylla Brown James and Erma Brown John Brueggemann Sandra Brumfield David Brunworth Jo and Kelly Bryant Eric Buehler Casey Burks Bob Burton Steve Burton Gary Busiek Joan Butcher Cathy Bylinowski Claire Ciafre Paul and Olivia Cackler Mariel Caldwell Debi Calhoun James and Anne Campbell Donald and Delores Cannon Ivy and Don Canole Harvey and Francine Cantor Jennifer Reidy and Randy Cartwright David and Ann Catlin Danny and Mona Caylor Charlie and Zoe Caywood Phyllis Chancellor Hilary David Chapman Kyle Cheesborough Doyle Childers Linda and Jack Childers Robert Childress Christine Chiu Jim and Brenda Christ Debbie Christenson Bibie Chronwall Joe and Ginny Church Shirley Cirio Elaine Clark James Clark, Middle Grove Farm Steve Clubine Diane Cobb, Alpha Chiropractic Center, Inc. Betsy Collins Kirk Sibley and Koryen Collins James Conner Liz Copeland Wayne Copp Kate Corwin, Green works in Kansas City Christopher Crabtree Gerry Crawford Paul and Martha Cross Michael Cullinan Donald Culwell Jill Cumming Eric Cunningham Rupert Cutler Duane Dailey Larry and Marilyn Daniel William Dark Photography Wray and Doris Darr Garrett and Jean Das Duane and Connie Dassow Richard and Mia Datema Joyce Davenport Hilary Davidson Laurel DeFreece Gail DeGunia, Kress Farm Garden Preserve Thomas Dearth Mickey and Steven Delfelder Valerie and Ron Dent Dale Dermott Andy Guti and Sherri DeRousse Mary and Wallace Diboll Janet Dickerson J. Brock Diener Damien Dixon Carolyn Doyle William Dreyer Joyce Driemeyer Eleanor Smith and James Droesch Kate and Jack Durham, Durham Designs Jack and Evelyn Eads Harold Eagan Perry and Christie Eckhardt William Eddleman Shirlee Edmond Neil and Irene Ellis Theresa Enderle Danny Engelage David Erickson Sally and Fred Erickson Spencer Ernst Dennis Evans Judy and Tom Evans J. Robert Farkas Jean and Kevin Feltz Louesa Runge Fine Jerry and Mary Ann Fischer Suzanne Fischer Ted and Julie Fisher Martin Fitzgerald, Priory School William and Joanne Fogarty Mary Foley Beverly Foote Larry and Pam Foresman Jeffrey Forster Roy Fortner Kathleen Frank Valerie Frankoski Linda Frederick Paul and Heather Frese Christine Smith and George Fuson David Galat Robert Gamer Thomas Ganfield Clark Gantzer Norman and Vicki Gartor Karen Garver Jim and Karren Gebhart Virgil Gehlbach Nancy and Lawrence Gelb Stan and Suzanne Gentry Michael Gerard Beverly Gieselman Bryan Goeke Karen Goellner Jackie and Dale Goetz Deborah Good Gerald and Anita Gorman David Groenke Darin Groll James and Janine Guelker Margaret Gilleo and Charles Guenther David and Ann Gulick John Gulla Hilary Haley Jerry and Linda Haley Sharon Haley Rex and Amy Hamilton Emily Loeb and Lee Hammons Harold and Kristy Harden Sylvia Hardy Marilyn Harlan Betty Struckhoff and James Harris Jo Ellen Hart Mick and Janie Hayden Karen Hayes Sylvia and Daniel Hein Roger Helling Sue Helm Josephine Hereford Nick and Erin Hereford Roger and Nancy Hershey Vera Herter Jeanne Heuser Michael and Jeanne Hevesy Steve Heying Harriet Hezel Ronald USN (Ret) and Mary Ann Hill Steve Hilty David and Tina Hinds Sarah Hinman Sue and Steve Holcomb E. Allen Holland Anne Rankin Horton and Robert Horton Larry Houf Gary House Grant House Robert and Linda Hrabik Paul Hubert Lessie Hudson Paul Hughes William Hughes Harold Hunt David and Kaye Iftner North Independence Library Branch Dan Isom Gary Jackson Edwin Jacobs Dave and Tammy Jahnke Jamie Jepsen Bernie and Sally Jezak Barbara Johnson Jeff and Nancy Johnson Kay and Betty Johnson Alvin Jording Angie and Aaron Jungbluth Mary Kaeser-Miller Laura Kahl Margaret and Henry Kaltenthaler Kansas City Public Library Arvil Kappelmann Fred Kautt Buck and Patricia Keagy Sue and Dan Kelly Robert and Robert Kern George Stalker and Jean Keskulla Russell Kinerson V. S. King Timothy Kirchoff John Kirmil Amy and Nathan Klaas Wallace and Norma Klein Pam Klump Jean Knoll Bryan Knowles Linda and Erik Kocher Phillip and Sara Koenig Don and Ruth Kollmeyer Daniel Kopf Scott and Cindy Kranz Robert and Maureen Kremer Jim and Mary Kriegshauser Robin and Mike Kruse Liz Kucera Rose Allison and Nicholas Kyle Larry and Marvin Lackamp Debbie and James Laemmli Leona Lambert-Suchet William and Virginia Landers Henry and Linda Landry Wayne and Marilyn Langston Olive Lansburgh Cynthia Pavelka and Mike Larocca Dean and Dianne Laswell Jim and Mariann Leahy George Leaming Robert Lee Debbie Lehman, Clay Potters Garden Club Jim and Suzanne Lehr Sherry Leis Bill and Susan Lekey J. E. Leonard Sherry Leonardo Lawrence and Ruth Lewis Curtis Lichty Mark and Pamela Lindenmeyer Craig Lingle Teri Linneman Arleena Littlepage Dave Lochhaas Mary Logsdon Mary and Charles Long Gretchen and Lynn Loudermilk Barbara Lucks Patricia Luedders Douglas Maag Dirk and Ellen Maas Clarence Mabee William Mabee Tim Maddern Chandan and Banti Mahanta Edward Manring Thomas J. and Julie Martin Linda Burns and Chuck Mason Richard Matt Loretta McClure Ronald McCracken Wallace McDonald Rosa Christisen McHenry Robert McPheeters Fred McQueary M. H. and W. R. McVicker Paul and Carol McAllister Sherry McBride Wayne McCall Dan McCann Mary McCarthy Linda McCaughey Tom and Phebe McCutcheon David Bradley and C. McGennis Bill and Brenda McGuire Winnie McKinley Monte McQuillen Veronica Mecko Lenora Medcalf Holly Mehl Stan Mehrhoff Retha Meier Melodie and Mark Metje Karen Meyer Stephanie Michels Mid-Continent Public Library Elizabeth Middleton Mr. and Mrs. Matt Miles Diana Miller Douglas Miller Elaine Miller Erin Miller Jan Miller Bill Minford, Sherwood Forest Nursery & Garden Center P. E. Minton Missouri Western State College Library Linda Modesitt Megan Moncure Ricky and Lou Mongler Shella Monk Cecil and Geraldine Moore Richard Moore Leroy and Diane Morarity Jeanne Morrel-Franklin Larry Morrison Joseph Morton Terri Morton J. Scott Moss Kevin Mouser Mark and Candace Mudd Joanne Mueller Michael and Monica Mueller Billie Mullins John Murphy Elizabeth Myers Lisa and Robert Nansteel Elaine and Charles Nash Jan and Bill Neale Peggy Neer, Boone County Garden Club Scott Neiner John Nekola Edie and Ronnie Nelson Eric and Barbara Nelson Paul and Linda Nelson Mary Nemecek Nancy Newcomer David Newkirk Randy and Mary Niswonger Krista Noel Sue and Doug Noland Burton Noll Dennis and Charlene Noring Brett and Carrie O’Brien Philip O’Hare Joyce Oberle Juanice Oldroyd Bill Olson Susan Orr Ozark Wilderness Waterways Club Janette and Russell Pace Jarrod Pace Bruce Palmer Stephanie Paschall Nancy and Michael Pawol Beti Pearson Richard Pedroley Tony Peper Bob and Pat Perry Mark Peters Nathaniel and Juanita Peters M. June Pfefer Brock Pfost Lee and Dennis Phillion Mark Phipps Joel Picus Paul Pike Allen Piles William Piper Agnes Plutino Susan Poley Wayne and Linda Porath Wayne and Elizabeth Porter Dick and Donna Pouch George and Susan Powell Kari Pratt Dallas Preston Tom and Brenda Priesendorf Tom McGraw and Elizabeth Prindable Lowell and Betty Pugh Allan Puplis Susan Pyle Edward Quinn Cindy Ragland Patricia Ragsdale Michael and Sharon Rapp David Read Sue Reed Jerry Reese Leighton Reid Bart Renkoski Liz Renkoski Thompson Reuters Tom and Shirley Rheinberger John and Karen Richardson Sheryl Richardson Thomas Richter Cheryl Ricke Joann Rickelmann Marcella Ridgway Mike Rieger Kelly Kindscher and Maggie Riggs Eileen Robb Susan and Edward Robb Angela Roberts Michael Robertson Richard and Marie Robertson John Roeslein Jason and Amy Rogers Tim and Janet Rogers Gretchen Ross Robert Rothrock Mr. and Mrs. William Rowe Gail and Thomas Rowley Leah and Paul Ruehle Russell and Ann Runge James Ruschill Mark and Suzanne Russell Douglas and Jeanette Salzman Steve Sampers John and Dori Samson Stephen Savage Ken Schaal Adam Schaffer Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 11 MPF’s 2015 Awards JIM PASCOE By Lee Phillion With a magnificent sunset on the prairie, children played at MPF’s 2015 Evening on the Prairie, where the 2015 MPF awards were presented. At the Missouri Prairie Foundation’s (MPF’s) annual meeting held October 10, 2015, at Dr. Wayne Morton’s prairie just outside of Cole Camp, MPF honored the following individuals for their contributions to prairie conservation efforts. Framed photos were presented to the awardees. MPF would like to thank the photographers who contributed their photographs for the awards, and MPF board member Jan Sassmann for generously framing them. 2015 annual report MPF Members and Other Supporters Who Made Contributions in 2015, Continued Francis and Eva Schallert Jim Schiller Jackie Schirn Gary Schneider Mike and Holly Schroer Mike and Rose Schulte Scott and Elizabeth Schulte Don and Deb Schultehenrich Ruby Schweppe Brent Scott Lynne Scott Thom and Jane Sehnert Vincent and Joan Seiler Robert Semb Gary and Penny Shackelford Quint Shafer Terry Sharpe Lisa Shartzer Robert and Marcia Shelby Michael Sherraden Ronda and Terry Sherrill John Dengler and Carol Shoptaugh Steve Craig and Amy Short Ross Shuman George Shurvington Jennifer Sieradzki Jim Rhodes and Stephanie Sigala Susan Silvy Erin Skornia Ted and Beth Slegesky Sandra Slusher Patricia Smetana Mike Smith and Maria Brady-Smith Robert Smith Stephen Smith Steven and Julie Snow, Snow Family Farm Michael Soltys 12 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 Toni Armstrong and Richard Spener Suzi Spoon Tom Spriggs Alistar and Karen Stahlhut Karen Stair John and Judith Stann Richard and Nelda Steel Cheryl Ann Steffan Doug and Cindy Steinmetz D’Jeanne Stevens Leisa and Tony Stevens Stanley Stine Clarence Stitz Al and Linda Storms Robert Strickler Mark Strothmann Mary Stuber Mary Stuppy Bob Sullivan Sarah Swearingden, Thalias Garden Club Rebecca Swearingin Joe Sweeny Audrey Sweet Harriett Swinger Larry and June Terrell Alan Thibault Julia Thoma Andrew and Diann Thomas Ellen Thomas Justin and Dana Thomas Romie Thornhill Dorothy and Robert Thurman Carlynn and Dennis Trout Dennis and Adele Tuchler Robert Turnbull United Health Group University of Missouri Extension, St. Charles Elmer Van Dyke Matthew Van Dyke Jim Van Eman Don and Paula Vaughn Jonathan Vaughn Joe Veras Michael and Diana Wagner Stephen Walker David Waltemath Seth Walters Jan Weaver Cori and Al Westcott Patricia and Tom Westhoff Ann Wethington Bonnie and Timothy White Gail and Stephen White Mary Jo Wickliff Margaret Wideman Jerry and Maggie Wiechman Thomas Griesedieck and Julie Wiegand Janice Wiese-Fales Joyce Wiley Ron Wilkerson Ed Williamson Nancy Willis James and Barbara Willock Michael Wohlstadter Dennis and Katherine Woldum Douglas Wolter David Woltz Robert Wood P. Allen Woodliffe Becky and Mike Wylie James and Lois Wyman Patrick Wynne S. Jeanene Yackey Laura Yates Judy Yoder Julie Youmans and Fred Young Glynn Young Martha and Douglas Younkin Terry and Luana Zlateff Suzanne and Ted Zorn Mark and Jill Zupec Lucile Church and Bob Zuvanich o $34 T Jan and Lyle Alderson Paul Allgood Anonymous Carol Bachhuber Erin Beaslin Patrick Bousquet Joan Bowen Stephen Bowles Glenn Chambers Karen Chionio M. R. Clark James and Lany Clough Judith Conoyer Joe and Betty Dwigans Marshall and Faye Dyer Earl and Darryl Edwards Christine Fisher Sally and Howard Fulweiler Dudley Galloway Kathryn and Kirkland Gates Joseph Godi Tony Grandinetti Stephanie Gray Vernon Ray Harmon Marcia Hawk Winifred Hepler Dennis Hogan Carla Bascom and Kevin Hogan Andrea Hussey Delwin Johnson Jeannie Johnston Jill Kleinberg Steven Linford Jim and Julie Lundsted Lyn Magee Michael Marks L. Margaret Martin Suzanne Martin Virginia Mc Daniel Marcella Morales-Gaona Laura Morlan Kimberly Moynahan Rick Myers Edward Pahuski Vincent and Jane Perna James and Juliane Poag Carolyn Putnam Eric Rakestraw Betty Richards Dorothy Osterloh and Cindy Rinker Fay Roberts Thomas and Elaine Scatizzi Renee Staab John and Laura Streett Sandy Sullivan Steve and Sanay Tomey James Tonatore Jim and Patricia Tornatore Kristen Von Gruber Willie Wise Mary Wittry Susan Wrasmann Contributions listed above are per 2015 bank deposit dates. Please contact Jane Schaefer, who administers MPF’s membership and donor database, at janeschaefer@ earthlink.net or call 888-8436739 if you have questions. BOB BALL Donald M. Christisen Prairie Volunteer of the Year Longtime MPF member and volunteer Lance Jessee can often be found waist-deep in prairie vegetation collecting seed, surveying plants or searching for rare prairie fringed orchids and Mead’s milkweed. It’s equally likely to find Jessee working the MPF annual native plant sale in Kansas City. Jessee has shown his commitment to prairies through seed collecting at various KC WildLands sites, restoration work at Jerry Smith Park, and other Kansas City-area remnant prairies, and leading tours of MPF and other prairie sites to educate the public. “Lance combines vast knowledge about native plants and prairies with a great passion for helping others appreciate them,” said Bonnie Teel, former MPF board member. “He gives his full energy to everything he tackles and has a genuine interest in making sure that what he does will have a positive effect on nature and people.” As Vice President of the Kansas City Chapter of the Missouri Native Plant Society (MONPS), Jessee has helped lead the group in surveying, identifying, and classifying native plants. He has worked with both federal and state agencies as part of the Missouri Mead’s milkweed recovery team, and has helped the Missouri Department of Conservation survey for the eastern and western prairie fringed orchids. He has worked with private prairie owners in Kansas to survey for Mead’s on their land and given them information about methods to protect the plants and collect seed from them. Jessee received Bridging the Gap’s Kansas City Wildlands Award in 2007 in recognition of his efforts to improve the environment, and in 2012 was given the Missouri Native Plant Society Plant Stewardship Award. His company, Posty Cards, Inc., has been recognized with many awards for its LEED Platinum building, which incorporates native landscaping and two rain gardens to address storm water runoff. Randy Haas BOB BALL Bill T. Crawford Prairie Professional of the Year Randy Haas enjoyed a long career with the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) that began in 1981 with MDC’s Wildlife Division on southwestern Missouri prairies. He moved to the role of private land conservationist in 2000, and began assisting private landowners, including prairie landowners, with conservation strategies. Haas retired from MDC last September, but continues to be a member and a great friend of MPF. Haas has helped MPF identify prairies for potential acquisition in southwestern Missouri and has provided management assistance and advice to MPF’s Joplin Urban Prairie Project, most notably with invasive species control. He also advocated for protecting the original prairie on the campus of Missouri Southern University in Joplin. “Randy has been a great “go-to” guy to get things done when it comes to natural habitat rehab,” said Jeff Cantrell, MPF technical advisor and MDC education specialist. “Randy has helped me with every Prairie Jubilee at Prairie State Park for 20 years, and almost always worked all day giving prairie interpretive tours on hayrides across the landscape. The visitors would get on the wagon interested in bison, but Haas gave them an in-depth prairie ecology expedition as well. Families loved it and learned a lot.” Always ready to lend a hand for prairie conservation, Haas has instructed Missouri Master Naturalist training classes in prairie, edge habitat, and fire management. And, last June, Haas devoted a portion of a rare day off from his job to do a TV interview to promote protection of MPF’s Linden’s Prairie. Glen D. Wilson Clair M. Kucera Prairie Landowner of the Year Glen Wilson and his family have owned hundreds of acres of remnant native prairie in Newton County, MO for decades. “Glen is very protective of his prairies,” said MPF Vice President Dale Blevins. “Despite pressures to sell to developers, Glen has resisted.” Along with an abundance of native prairie forbs and grasses, Wilson’s prairies contain many low, domelike circular or oval mounds called “mima mounds,” which, according to Blevins, are associated with healthy prairies and are a sign that a prairie has never been plowed. Although Wilson’s prairie acres are located in an area where there is great demand for cropland and suburban development, he has chosen to keep the majority of his land as prairie. Many years ago, Wilson insured long-term protection for some of his prairie holdings by selling parcels to the Missouri Department of Conservation to become part of Diamond Grove Conservation Area. Today Wilson is working with his niece Danette Conley to insure that his land holdings remain prairie and are managed appropriately well into the future. The way Wilson has managed his land over the years and his plans for continued care after he is gone serve as a model and motivation for other owners of native prairie remnants. BOB BALL Lance Jessee Lee Phillion is an MPF member and a Missouri Master Naturalist from St. Charles, MO. Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 13 UPDATE 50th Anniversary Campaign Funds Received, Awarded, or Pledged GOAL $ 4 million end of 2016 $3.888 million as of 1/16 $3 million MPF’S LINDEN’S PRAIRIE BY RUSSEL KINERSON 1966 – 2016 th anniversary campaign Fifty years ago, the founders of the Missouri Prairie Foundation (MPF) took a stand to ensure that Missouri will always have rich, beautiful prairies. Now in its 50th anniversary year, MPF presents all prairie enthusiasts and those who love native landscapes with a golden opportunity to invest in future prairie protection by contributing to the Missouri Prairie Foundation’s 50th Anniversary Campaign. $2 million $1 million GOLDENOPPORTUNITYFORPRAIRIEPROTECTION Forever Prairies Now and Campaign Goal—$4 million in gifts and pledges. This campaign fundraising goal, established in 2014, for three years, will enable the Missouri Prairie Foundation (MPF) to purchase more land, steward it carefully, and increase and sustain the staffing necessary to continue building future support for prairie and native plants. 14 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 How MPF Will Allocate Campaign Funds $1 million for operating expenses from 2014 through 2016. $1 million for new land acquisitions and MPF’s Land Acquisition Fund, so MPF is financially prepared to act promptly to save a prairie parcel from being plowed under. While MPF has recently received funds to acquire land, it is vital that the Acquisition Fund continue to receive funds so MPF is prepared to acquire prairies when they become available. $1 million for MPF’s Stewardship Fund, to provide a secure source of funds for future prairie stewardship expenses, as it continues to acquire land. $1 million for MPF’s Permanent Endowment Fund, to provide a permanent source of funds for non-stewardship operating expenses, so that MPF has a stable financial foundation well into the future. ed, d of 2016 of 1/16 Prairie Champions and Patrons MPF has established Prairie Champion and Prairie Patron giving opportunities for individuals, businesses, philanthropic foundations, and others with the means to give cash or securities at various levels. Since MPF’s campaign began in 2014, campaign funds awarded, received, or pledged to date include: Prairies Now and Forever Champion $1 Million or More Big Bluestem Champion $500,000 or More The Conservation Fund Estate of Ms. Linden Trial Award for prairie acquisition from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Missouri Department of Natural Resources Prairie-Chicken Champion $250,000 or More Sunflower Champion $100,000 or More Ed Schmidt Platte County Land Trust Robert J. Trulaske, Jr. Family Foundation Award for land acquisition and restoration in the City of Joplin from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources Monarch Champion $50,000 or More Joseph C. Koster Revocable Trust Andrew Love, Edward K. Love Conservation Foundation Mrs. Pat Jones Rudi Roeslein, Roeslein Alternative Energy Blazingstar Champion $25,000 or More William T. Kemper Foundation LUSH Fresh Handmade Cosmetics Gina Miller Doris and Bob Sherrick Gold Patron $10,000 or More Ronald and Suzanne Berry Horne Family Foundation Hulston Family Foundation Susan Lordi Marker and Dennis Marker Margaret Holyfield and Maurice Meslans Tom and Anne Smith Silver Patron $5,000 or More Anonymous Anonymous Warren and Susan Lammert Ann Lovell Pledges include: Anonymous, $5,000 Rusty and Prae Hathcock, $5,000 Dr. Clifford Welsch, $120,000 Each contribution moves MPF closer to fulfilling its campaign, and each donor of any gift amount is an honored supporter. You can make a difference for prairies by helping MPF reach this goal at your desired level of giving. Gifts or pledges may be lump sums or annual amounts. Prairie Champions and Prairie Patrons may receive significant recognition and a generous package of amenities. How to Make A Campaign Gift of Cash or Securities To make a tax-deductible, 50th Anniversary Fundraising Campaign gift of cash, please send a check to Missouri Prairie Foundation c/o Martinsburg Bank P.O. Box 856 Mexico, MO 65265-0856 For information on making a tax-deductible campaign gift of securities, patron recognition and amenities, and other details about the Missouri Prairie Foundation’s 50th Anniversary Campaign, visit the Donate page at www.moprairie. org, call 573-356-7828, or send a message to [email protected]. In 2015, Susan Lordi Marker donated $5,000 to MPF as a challenge to other supporters to contribute as well. Numerous MPF members and others contributed more than $6,700, exceeding the goal by more than $1,500! Please contribute to the 2016 Marker Monarch Match, and your gift will be matched 100 percent. Susan Lordi Marker $7,500 Monarch Match for 2016 Artist and MPF member Susan Lordi Marker and her husband Dennis Marker, of Kansas City, will match gifts of any amount to steward habitat for monarchs and hundreds of other native species on MPF prairies, up to $7,500. The deadline for contributions to be received for the Marker Monarch Match is September 30, 2016—about the time that monarchs will be migrating through Missouri to Mexico. “Like so many other MPF members and supporters,” said Lordi Marker, “I am extremely concerned with the dramatic decline of monarch butterflies, as well as the rarity of our rich prairies that provide habitat for monarchs and thousands of other plants, pollinators, and other insects and animals. So I decided to do something about it, and I hope you will join me.” To make a Monarch Match gift in 2016, please send a check to Missouri Prairie Foundation, c/o Martinsburg Bank, P.O. Box 856, Mexico, MO 65265-0856, or make a donation on line at www.moprairie.org/2016/01/31/ susan-lordi-marker-monarch-match-for-2016/. You may make an anonymous donation if you wish. Crawford and Christisen Compass Society Dinner—August 27, 2016 Existing lifetime members who made a $1,000 or more gift in 2015 are 2015 members of MPF’s Crawford and Christisen Society, and will receive an invitation in the mail to attend Dining Wild in Jefferson City on August 27, 2016, as guests of MPF. This dinner event organized by our partner Lincoln University’s Native Plant Program will feature many native plant ingredients. Native garden tours, local wine samples, and hors d’oeuvres precede the dinner. Existing lifetime members who make a $1,000 donation in 2016 by June 1, 2016 will also receive an invitation to the dinner. Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 15 THE GREAT MISSOURI BIRDING TR AIL Recognizing important bird habitats and connecting people to them. W ith well over four hundred species of birds that either live in or visit Missouri, native habitat is critical. The Great Missouri Birding Trail was developed as a way to get birders to think about native bird habitats and to establish an ethic of bird conservation that will grow with each new generation of birders. The goal of the trail—which is a virtual birding route maintained at www.greatmissouribirdingtrail.com—is 16 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 to get birders and others who are interested in the Missouri outdoors to visit the hundreds of locations on the trail and get a feel for why certain species of birds visit these diverse habitats. There is a saying in the birding community that “if the habitat is right, the birds should be there.” This is just as true in your backyard or back forty as it is in any conservation area, natural area, state park, nature center, or other location on the trail. The Great Missouri Birding SEDGE WREN BY MATT MILES By Mike Doyen Trail is all about recognizing habitat and the birds that live there, and connecting people to this habitat. There is a sense of urgency as we call on backyard birders and landowners to establish and maintain permanent native bird habitat on their properties. Just as critical is the understanding that invasive plants are of no use to wildlife. So where does a backyard birder or landowner go to get the necessary information and product mix to bring nature back home with native plants to support birds? The Missouri Prairie Foundation’s Grow Native! program, of course! The Great Missouri Birding Trail website not only directs users to the best birding locations, but it will serve as a link to many resources, including Grow Native! and the best birding sites on the Internet. The Great Missouri Birding Trail is a combined effort of the Missouri Bird Conservation Foundation and the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) with other new partners, including the Missouri Prairie Foundation (MPF), who have recently joined or are coming on board soon. The trail will consist of more than 230 of the best birding locations across the state, including metro birding trails in all major cities. The metro trails are critical, because well over 85 percent of the state’s population is centered in and around these six metropolitan areas. Regardless of where you live in any of the six metro areas, you will never be more than ten minutes away from a known birding hotspot. To date, we have completed the Kansas City and St. Louis segments of the trail. Cape Girardeau and Columbia will soon follow and hopefully by the end of 2016, we will have the Springfield and Kirksville trails completed. These six metro areas and their respective television markets make up the Great Missouri Birding Trail. The Great Missouri Birding Trail Many rural areas will also be included on the trail, with a number of public prairies and these owned by MPF featured: Carver Prairie (next to MDC’s Diamond Grove Prairie); Golden Prairie Natural Area; and Friendly Prairie, Drovers Prairie, and the Bruns Track in Pettis County. As the Western Route of the trail is completed this spring, other prairies may be added. The Great Missouri Birding Trail not only connects people to bird habitats, but will also drive economic activity along the birding routes and throughout the state. The 1.3 million current birders in Missouri collectively spend in excess of an estimated $680 million every year in birding-related purchases and travel. The trail’s website will offer many other things for birders to do as they travel across the state, including hiking, antiquing, shopping, canoeing, kayaking, and nature photography, to name a few activities. Please follow our journey across the state as we work to develop and complete the trail at www.greatmissouribiridngtrail.com. Become a friend of the trail on Facebook and stay up to date on our progress. Mike Doyen is an MPF member and the president of the Missouri Bird Conservation Foundation. He lives in Rolla, MO and can be reached at [email protected]. Recognizing 100 Years of the Migratory Bird Treaty MPF is a partner with the Missouri Department of Conservation in recognizing this milestone and importance of migratory bird habitat. T he year 2016 marks 50 years for MPF, and is also the centennial of the Convention between the United States and Great Britain (for Canada) for the Protection of Migratory Birds (also called the Migratory Bird Treaty), signed on Aug. 16, 1916. The Migratory Bird Treaty, and three others that followed, form the cornerstones of conservation efforts to conserve birds that migrate across international borders. The Treaty connects the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—the federal agency responsible for, among many other responsibilities, the management of migratory birds and National Wildlife Refuges—with other federal, state, private, non-governmental, tribal, and international partners, who share a long, successful history of conserving, protecting, and managing migratory bird populations and their habitats. Celebrating the centennial of the Migratory Bird Treaty provides an opportunity for all bird conservation partners to work together to galvanize efforts to protect migratory birds for the generations to come. —information from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. For more resources on the Migratory Bird Centennial, visit www.fws.gov/birds/MBTreaty100/ Missouri Prairie Foundation Special Birding Events in 2016 SUMMER TANAGER BY MATT MILES is designed to direct and assist the more than 1.3 million birders, aged sixteen or older, who live in Missouri to the best places in the state to bird. Most of the state’s birders are classified as backyard birders, but they too occasionally drive at least one mile from home to see birds in their native habitat. It is the goal of everyone associated with the trail that the relationship between birds and habitat make a strong and lasting impact on birders in Missouri and beyond the state’s borders to build support for the conservation of original habitats, and also to bring nature home and grow native. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, via coordination by the Missouri Department of Conservation, has called upon many groups in Missouri to help promote the centennial and the importance of migratory birds and their habitats. As a partner in this endeavor, MPF has organized a number of bird-related activities for 2016, including a bird presentation at its Annual Dinner on Aug. 6, articles, and outings like this: Glade and Savanna Breeding Bird Investigation Sunday, 22 May 2016, 10:00 a.m. to noon Chute Ridge Glade near Roaring River State Park, Eagle Rock, MO (Barry County) Join Jeff Cantrell, naturalist and MPF technical advisor, Audubon Society of Missouri member, and experienced birder, for a free MPF in-the-field program on the nesting bird ecology of this National Audubon-designated Important Bird Area. Missouri Master Naturalist Becky Wylie will co-lead. The group should be rewarded with views of prairie warblers, chats, tanagers, field sparrows and much more. We will take special notice of the structure of the habitat and all factors affecting birdlife. This will be approximately a 2.5-mile hike on uneven terrain with a moderate to difficult climb with exposed rocks and roots. However, the wildflowers and birds make up for the climb. Information will follow registration; class is limited to 18 adults. To register contact Jeff at [email protected] or 417-629-3423. Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 17 Establishing Native Pasture with a Cover Crop Cocktail Cowpeas and Grazing Corn Help Convert Fescue to Native Pasture By Chris McLeland Above, native warm-season grass takes hold in a pasture amid annual legumes. The seed mix of natives along with annual forage like cowpeas helps cattle producers transition from fescue pasture to native forage: The natives–which are slower to establish— will be future forage while the annuals provide immediate food for cattle. Table 1, at right, shows weight gains per native forage type. Weight gain with tall fescue is much less (McLeland, pers. com.). 18 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 DAVID NIEBRUEGGE T he benefits of native forage for livestock, as opposed to nonnative grasses like tall fescue, have been documented for many years.1 Converting non-native pasture to native prairies and forbs not only has been shown to increase cattle daily weight gains (see Table 1) when used as part of a rotational grazing system, but these native species also exhibit drought tolerance, another critical factor in successful livestock grazing. In addition to the economic profitability provided by the native grasses and forbs, these species also provide improved habitat for grassland birds, many invertebrates, and other animals. Additionally, the deep root systems of natives improve water infiltration as well as reduce erosion by stabilizing ground. The challenge has been finding a way to make it economically feasible for cattle producers to convert their pasture. In recent years, a novel approach is helping to address this challenge. Beginning in 2014, the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) implemented an experimental grazing system project within the Green Ridge/ Hi Lonesome Grassland Bird Focus Area in Pettis County, MO and fortunately, it is showing signs of success. The experimental seeding involved the cooperation and close coordination of staff from MDC’s Private Land Services Animals Grazing Grazing System Forage Species Stockers Early Season Big bluestem/Indiangrass blend (600 lb) Full Season Cow/calf Full Season Division as well as that of a local Pettis County cattle producer who was willing to participate in the trial. The experimental trial was designed to assist the cattle achieve his overall objective of converting very low-quality, cool-season pasture on his farm to a higher quality, perennial warm-season grass forage type that he can utilize in his rotational grazing system. Average Daily Gain/lbs Days Grazed Total Animal Days/Acre Total Gain/Acre 2.65 30 74 196 Switchgrass 2.21 30 85 189 Eastern gamagrass 1.70 30 98 162 Big bluestem/Indiangrass blend 2.21 60 – 95 136 299 Switchgrass 1.65 74 – 95 169 289 Eastern gamagrass 1.12 95 223 249 Big bluestem/Indiangrass blend 1.87 66 – 87 125 189 Switchgrass 1.45 66 – 87 101 180 Tall fescue 0.5 – 0.9 65 70 85 DAVID NIEBRUEGGE While the benefits of incorporating native warm-season grasses into a rotational grazing system are well known, one potential economic drawback of these conversions can be the temporary loss of grazing acres available for livestock while waiting for the new forage to become established and ready to graze. In an attempt to remedy this issue, an experiment was designed that would utilize a cover crop of a diverse mix of warm-season annual forages established at the same time, and on the same acres, as the native warm season grasses. The objective was to use the annual summer cover crops for forage while the native warm-season grass stand was being established. The warm-season cover crop mix was planted in mid-May 2014 and served as a nurse crop for the warm-season grasses and forbs that were planted at the same time, and also as supplemental forage for the producer during the establishment phase of the conversion process. Once the cover crop was established, it was available to be grazed. The producer weighed 18 650-pound calves and began grazing during the last week of August 2014 using a high stock density/ short-duration grazing method of strip grazing the calves at a stocking rate of 45,000 to 50,000 pounds live weight/ acre with daily moves. He grazed the calves for 30 days with an average daily gain of about two pounds per animal. The producer sold those calves and then grazed some non-lactating cows on the stand for approximately 30 days, using the same method, which got him through the summer “lull” and in a good position to roll the cows back out onto fall cool-season pasture. At the end of the summer growing season, big and little bluestem, Indiangrass, and several of the native forbs that had been planted in the spring were prevalent in the stand, both in the grazed and ungrazed portions. Last year was the second growing season for the native grasses and forbs, and the response has been very encouraging. In the summer of 2015, the native grasses and forbs looked robust in both the grazed and ungrazed portions from the 2014 season. MDC staff and the landowner decided to establish the same cover crop cocktail again in part of the paddock and planned to graze it again, in a similar fashion as in 2014, to see if there is any benefit or detriment to grazing it a second consecutive year. As was the case for many farmers, the cool and wet conditions in May, 2015 did not provide for good establishment of annual crops, and the forage stand did not do well. Nevertheless, some scattered cover crop species such as cowpeas, soybeans, grazing corn, and sorghum sudan were present throughout the stand, along with giant ragweed. There is good nutritional value in both these native and planted annuals. During 2015, the landowner implemented some controlled, light grazing in the paddock again this past late summer/ fall to use that forage before moving to stockpiled cool-season pastures for the winter months. The project will continued to be monitored over the next couple of years to evaluate soil health and to try to determine if there is any benefit or These native warmseason grasses became established in a pasture planted with a cover crop of annuals for forage. detriment to warm-season grass establishment using this method. The preliminary results of this project provide hope that this method can prove to be a valuable approach for some of Missouri’s approximately 68,000 cattle producers to use similar annual cover types to provide valuable forage while establishing a warm-season forage component to their grazing systems. The important side benefits will be better nesting and brood habitat for small game and other grassland species, and improved soil health on their livestock operations. Allen, V. G., and E. Segarra, 2001. Anti-quality components in forage: Overview, significance, and economic impact. J. Range Manag. 54:409-412 Doxon, E. D., P. D. Keyser, G. E. Bates, J. C. Waller, and C. A. Harper. 2011. Economic implications of growing native warmseason grasses for forage in the Mid-South. University of Tennessee Extension SP731-E. Keyser, P. D., G. E. Bates, J. C. Waller, C. A. Harper, and E. D. Doxon. 2011. Grazing native warm-season grasses in the MidSouth. University of Tennessee Extension SP731-C. 1 Chris McLeland is the Private Land Services regional supervisor in the Missouri Department of Conservation’s central region, working out of Columbia. Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 19 The Hills Are Alive with HERPS TOM NAGEL Amphibian and Reptile Diversity in the Loess Hills of Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge Steep loess hills, such as these in northwestern Missouri, are globally rare. By Mark S. Mills, Darrin Welchert, and Jordan Meyer In the fall of 2008 one of the authors, Dr. Mark Mills, was riding in a pickup truck along the back roads of Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge (SCNWR) discussing potential research projects with Frank Durbian, then SCNWR wildlife biologist. We were discussing the research needs of SCNWR and the many potential projects involving amphibians and reptiles in which students at Missouri Western State University (MWSU) could participate. Then Frank stated that, whereas many studies at SCNWR had focused on the game species and vast wetlands on the refuge, little work had been done in the much smaller upland sites, specifically the Loess Hills on the refuge. He suggested that someone should do a survey of the amphibians and reptiles of these steep, dry prairie remnants. 20 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 The Loess Hills of the Midwest consist of glacial and wind-deposited soils that border the Missouri River from northwestern Iowa and northeastern Nebraska down to just south of St. Joseph, MO. Deep loess soils, and steep loess hills, are rare, found only in Germany, China, and the region described above, and have important ecological significance. Topography of the loess hills is steep with slopes ranging from 14 to 90 percent and elevation changes of 150 to 250 feet. Narrow knife-blade ridges and numerous steep drainages are common. In North America, the Loess Hills are often the site of prairie remnants that contain endemic species, including western species adapted to drier environments. The Loess Hills face many threats, including woody vegetation encroachment (often the result of fire suppression), agriculture, invasive species, and erosion. Therefore, SCNWR has instituted prescribed burning, woody plant removal, and other habitat management techniques to maintain and enhance the loess hills on the refuge. As part of the management planning process, it became clear that surveys of animals— including amphibians and reptiles, or herps for short—would be needed. A literature search for studies on the herps of the loess hills yielded no results, further emphasizing the need for such work. Therefore, we initiated a survey. The Habitat The 7,440-acre SCNWR is in Holt County in northwestern Missouri, midway between Kansas City, MO, and Omaha, NE. The refuge derives its name from Squaw Creek, a major stream flowing through the Missouri River floodplain that drains the loess hills via a man-made ditch and empties into the Missouri River. SCNWR includes about 6,700 acres of floodplain that is managed as wetland, grassland, and riparian habitats. In addition, SCNWR manages approximately 700 acres of loess hill forest and grasslands. SCNWR’s habitats are managed on a scale to minimize habitat fragmentation for waterfowl, shorebirds, neotropical migratory birds, and other native What We Did The objectives of our study included documenting species richness and relative abundance of herps in the loess hills as they related to habitat types (forest versus prairie) and habitat alterations (prescribed fire and woody plant control). We initially wanted to use a simple, inexpensive sampling technique that didn’t require constant attention. Therefore, we decided to use coverboards. Herpetologists have long known that one way to look for herps is to simply find and turn over natural cover (e.g., logs and rocks) or man-made cover (such as old boards, metal siding or roofing, car doors, etc.). Coverboards are simply using this “technique” in a systematic and organized manner. In 2009, MWSU student Teresa Ausberger and Mark Mills placed 128 coverboards in a U-shaped transect through both wooded and grassland portions of the loess hills. The plywood boards measured approximately 20 by 48 inches. We placed these boards in pairs approximately 15 meters apart. We typically checked the boards weekly or at least once a month depending on the year. In 2011 Darrin Welchert, wildlife biologist at SCNWR, and Jordan Myer, another MWSU student, placed a series of drift fences with pit-fall buckets and funnel traps in various habitats throughout the refuge, including six in prairie and woodland habitats within the loess hills near the coverboard array. The extra sampling technique was added in order to potentially capture different species Herps were surveyed in both prairie and woodland sites. Participants involved in the survey checking coverboards and pit-fall buckets for herps. NWSU PHOTOS are. species. Wildlife species include up to 476 bald eagles, 1,400,000 snow geese, and 200,000 ducks during migration. In addition, the refuge hosts a diversity of vertebrates including 310 species of birds, 41 mammals, and, the focus of our study, 37 herps. A prairie racerunner and a red milksnake documented during the study. and to reduce sampling bias. Since animals can dehydrate or overheat in the traps/buckets, these fences were checked daily. Typically, we would run a fence for a week, then shut it down and run again about two weeks later. We identified and measured all animals captured under the boards or at the fences. We began marking milksnakes with PIT (Passive Integrated Transponder) tags in 2011 to determine if we were capturing the same or different individuals of this relatively common snake. What Did We Find? Ring-necked snakes and more ringnecked snakes! With our sampling techniques, we captured and measured 217 ring-necked snakes, 56 red milksnakes, and 53 gartersnakes (mostly red-sided gartersnakes, but we captured plains gartersnakes as well; see the complete list in Table 1). We collected nine times as many herps in the grasslands than in the woodland habitats. What you will not see on that list is all of the other organisms we found, ranging from mammals (e.g., deer mice, voles, and shrews) to a variety of invertebrates such as ants, centipedes, beetles, and snails. In fact, Dr. David Ashley (MWSU Biology Professor) has used the same coverboards to collect invertebrates for his entomology and invertebrate biology classes and to search for a species of snail that serves as the intermediate host for deer brain worm. Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 21 Captured in this study Species Small-mouthed salamander (Ambystoma texanum) Eastern tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) Plains spadefoot (Spea bombifrons) American toad (Anaxyrus americanus) Great Plains toad (A. cognatus) Rocky Mountain toad (A. woodhousii woodhousii)) Blanchard’s cricket frog (Acris blanchardi) Cope’s gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) Boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata) Western narrow-mouthed toad (Gastrophryne olivacea) Plains leopard frog (Lithobates blairi) American bullfrog (L. catesbeianus) Northern leopard frog (L. pipiens) Plains (Ornate) box turtle (Terrapene ornata ornata) Five-lined skink (Plestiodon fasciatus) Great Plains skink (P. obsoletus) Northern prairie skink (P. septentrionalis septentrionalis) Prairie racerunner (Aspidoscelis sexlineatus viridis) Western worm snake (Carphophis vermis) Eastern yellow-bellied racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris) Prairie ring-necked snake (Diadophis punctatus arnyi) Great Plains ratsnake (Pantherophis emoryi) Western (Black) ratsnake (P. obsoletus) Western foxsnake (P. ramspottii) Eastern hog-nosed snake (Heterodon platirhinos) Prairie kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster calligaster) Speckled kingsnake (L. holbrooki) Red milksnake (L. triangulum syspila) Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi) Texas brownsnake (Storeria dekayi texana) Orange-striped ribbonsnake (Thamnophis proximus proximus) Plains gartersnake (T. radix) Red-sided gartersnake (T. sirtalis parietalis) Lined snake (Tropidoclonion lineatum) Western smooth earthsnake (Virginia valeriae elegans) Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) Timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) Western Massasauga rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus tergeminus) Historical Record1 for Holt County Potentially Occurring1 Prairie/Woodland Species1, 2 ✓ Both ✓ Both ✓ Prairie ✓ Woodland ✓ Prairie ✓ Both ✓ Both ✓ ✓ Woodland ✓ ✓ Prairie ✓ Prairie ✓ ✓ Prairie ✓ ✓ Both ✓ 1 county north ✓ Prairie ✓ Prairie ✓ Woodland 1 county north Prairie 2 counties east and in KS and NE Prairie ✓ ✓ Both ✓ ✓ Woodland ✓ ✓ Both ✓ ✓ Both 1 county north Both ✓ Woodland ✓ Both ✓ Both ✓ Both ✓ Both ✓ ✓ Both ✓ ✓ Prairie ✓ ✓ Both ✓ Both ✓ ✓ Prairie ✓ ✓ Both ✓ ✓ 1 county east Prairie 2 counties east Woodland ✓ Woodland ✓ Woodland ✓ Prairie Based on range maps and descriptions in Johnson (2000) for Missouri, Collins et al. (2010) for Kansas, and Fogell (2010) for Nebraska. 2 Habitat categories based on where they are most commonly found. 1 22 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 ❮ Table 1 – Amphibians and reptiles known to occur or potentially occur in the Loess Hills of Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge (we did not include aquatic turtles or water snakes). Herps that We Had Hoped to Find When we started this study we had hoped to collect new county records for a variety of species, but our targets were those western prairie species on the periphery of their range. The literature suggests that the loess hills serve as an eastern refuge for some western prairie plants and animals, so we hoped that this might include herps. If we look at historical records and records from across the river in Kansas or Nebraska, we see such species as Great Plains narrow-mouthed toads (captured by the authors one county south in Andrew County, MO), plains spadefoot, Great Plains skink, northern prairie skink, and bullsnakes. Since many herps are cryptic or hard to find, we expected that constantly checking these boards and drift fences would turn up some of these prairie species. Alternatively, in the heavily wooded ravines we expected to turn up black rat snakes and at least a few salamanders and possibly other amphibians like toads. Small-mouthed salamanders occur at the refuge, and we expected to potentially find tiger salamanders as well. Surprises, Unusual Finds, and Notable Observations The biggest surprise was the almost complete lack of lizards under the coverboards (Fig. 2). As stated above, we had hoped to collect some of the prairie species such as the Great Plains skink or the northern prairie skink; however we had fully expected to collect five-lined skinks and prairie racerunners (whiptails) because they have been collected or observed at SCNWR. We routinely saw racerunners scurrying along the trails on the top of a bluff near several of our coverboards, but rarely collected them under the boards. ❮ FIGURE 2 – COVERBOARDS Prairie ring-necked snake Red milksnake Red-sided gartersnake Eastern yellow-bellied racer Prairie kingsnake Prairie racerunner Five-lined skink Additional species with two or fewer observations FIGURE 3 – DRIFT FENCES American bullfrog Five-lined skink Prairie racerunner Red-sided gartersnake Plains leopard frog Eastern yellow-bellied racer Boreal chorus frog Prairie ring-necked snake Additional species with only one observation Both five-lined skinks and racerunners, however, were commonly collected in the drift fences (Fig. 3), illustrating the necessity of using more than one technique to sample species. This sampling bias was not unique to these lizards. Notice that the species most commonly collected under the boards (i.e., ring-necked snakes, milksnakes, and gartersnakes) were much less commonly collected in the drift fences (Figs. 2 and 3). Another surprise was the lack of western (black) ratsnakes, especially in the wooded or edge habitats. They are known to occur on the refuge, but we never collected one under a board or with the drift fence. We found bullfrogs in drift fence buckets on a steep hill! Yes, this was a surprise for many reasons. Bullfrogs typically are not out wandering around 520 meters (1/3 mile) from a permanent water source let alone in upland habitat on the side of a steep bluff. These were predominantly young individuals that may have been dispersing to new habitats. The numbers of individuals and diversity of species was much greater in the grassland areas than in the wooded areas of the Loess Hills. However, we must be careful how we interpret these findings because the woodland areas also have a greater abundance of natural cover material such as logs and leaf litter. Figure 2 – Relative abundance of amphibians and reptiles captured under coverboards. Figure 3 – Relative abundance of amphibians and reptiles captured using drift fences. Therefore, amphibians and reptiles may not have been found under the boards because they have an abundance of other options for cover in these wooded areas. In terms of the restoration of woodland to grassland habitats, this has recently occurred in an area where we have 10 boards and one drift fence, so we are particularly interested to see how this might affect what we capture over the next several years. This study was a tremendous learning experience for all those involved. We collected data that not only has created a species list for refuge managers and wildlife biologists at SCNWR, but that will also allow these managers to make better decisions concerning how they manage the Loess Hills habitat. In addition, this study has given many students at MWSU hands-on experience in techniques commonly used to sample herps and other terrestrial organisms. It has been a classic “win-win” situation for Squaw Creek and MWSU that we hope continues to provide these benefits into the future. Acknowledgements This study would have never been possible without the many students and classes from MWSU who have participated over the years. We would like to especially thank Teresa Ausberger, Jordan Myer, and Adam Shore for all of their hard work, and Dr. David Ashley for his support. We also want to thank Frank Durbian, Ron Bell, and Corey Kudrna of SCNWR for their assistance in various stages of this project. Funding for this project has come from the US Fish & Wildlife Service and MWSU. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Mark S. Mills is an associate professor of biology at Missouri Western State University in St. Joseph, MO. Darrin Welchert is a wildlife biologist with the U.S. Fish and Service at Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge in Mound City, MO. Jordan Meyer recently graduated from MWSU and is a bio tech at SCNWR. Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 23 Integrating Natives into a Non-native, Traditional Landscape Text and photos by Alan Branhagen M ost homeowners maintain a traditional landscape, often inherited from previous owners. A conventional home is often surrounded by foundation plantings set in a lawn with a few shade and ornamental trees, shrubs, perennials, and annuals, most of which are not native and offer little to support pollinators, birds, and other wildlife. The seasonal flowers and gray foliage of leadplant (Amorpha canescens) provide a pleasing contrast to a purple-leaved cultivar of weigela. We are quickly learning that the more native plants in our landscapes, the healthier the environment around us and in our communities will be. Our beloved songbirds all feed their young insects, mainly caterpillars—and it’s native plants that for the most part provide foliage on which insect larvae feed. (Wonder why cities with streets planted mainly with London plane, Norway maple and their hybrids, Japanese zelkovas, and ginkgos are full of European Starlings, House Sparrows and Rock Pigeons? They have no associated native insects to feed our native birds, which require more than dropped French fries!). Native plants and their associated insects are building blocks of the web of life that ultimately includes us. 24 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 Integrating natives into any and all existing landscapes does result in positive impacts: if you plant them, insects and wildlife will come. It is also not always necessary to remove existing non-native plants when they are not invasive. You do not have to give up your prized fragrant peony, heirloom lilac, or whatever other non-invasive flora soothes your soul. I do, however, strongly recommend that homeowners remove callery pears, burning bush, hardy pampas grass, and wintercreeper euonymus, which are invasive plants that can spread far and wide beyond one yard by wind or birds. You can keep your lawn, but consider reducing it to what is actually utilized. Yes, there are many native plants suited to a traditional landscape that conform to a less wild aesthetic. There are many resources to help homeowners pick these natives starting with the Grow Native! website that includes—under the Native Plant Info tab—Top Ten Native Plant lists. You can also see many of these integrated with non-natives at botanical gardens including the Missouri Botanical Garden, Powell Gardens, and the Springfield-Greene County Botanical Center. Missouri Wildflowers Nursery’s catalog also provides a “front yard suitability” rating guide to natives. Native Trees and Shrubs If you want to add shade trees (trees that grow over 50 feet tall and are deciduous), choosing native species will create the most biomass, and thus shade, in many landscapes. The most valuable placement is to the southwest of your home where the tree will block the hot summertime afternoon sun—resulting in significant savings on cooling costs. Sturdy species of native oaks are excellent choices for planting near one’s home, and, oaks provide food for hundreds of species of leaf-eating moth and butterfly larvae. Dropping acorns can be annoying, but a good reminder of the season as well as food for other wildlife. Ornamental smaller trees (growing 15 feet and over) are valued for their seasonal color of bloom, fruiting, and fall color. To create an intimate space, try planting them by a front door, porch, outdoor seating area, edge, understory of woodland, or along property boundaries. They also fit under power lines that would conflict with a tall shade tree. Native flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and redbud (Cercis canadensis) are quite popular and should remain so for their beauty and benefits to insects and other wildlife. Always use native small trees to replace callery pears. Two ornamental native small trees I feel are overlooked, yet perfect for wet areas, are Carolina willow (Salix caroliniana) and buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentallis), which easily trims up into a lovely sum- mer-flowering tree. Both species attract tremendous insect diversity. Shrubs provide excellent cover for many favored songbirds, such as cardinals, mockingbirds, catbirds, and brown thrashers. Native shrubs, as opposed to non-native honeysuckle, also sustain successful nesting because of their morphology and structure. In addition, they don’t leaf out as early as exotic honeysuckle, which acts as a nesting signal to birds, and thus to bird predators. We tend to use shrubs as foundation plantings, hedges, or screens. Often we inherit them along a neglected edge of a property, which can end up being a tangle of invasive Amur honeysuckle, yet serving as a valuable screen nonetheless. Always remove honeysuckle and replace it with similarly behaving native shrubs, such as possumhaw (Ilex decidua) for spring flowers and winter berries, roughleaf dogwood (Cornus drummondii), blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium), and if you really want the screen effect, native cane (Arundinaria gigantea) is evergreen. If you have forsythias, flowering quince, or other non-native (but not invasive) shrubs, you can plant natives near them to increase habitat value, and you might decide to switch them out over time as your native plants mature. Numerous native shrubs can be added under canopy trees, along a walk, or a property border to add beauty and ecological value to a landscape. From left, possumhaw (Ilex decidua) is a great replacement for invasive bush honeysuckle, with choice red berries as showy as the finest ornamental tree. A native silky dogwood (Cornus amomum) adds seasonal color to an adjacent non-native viburnum at Powell Gardens. The flowers of wild hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens), a species featured in Grow Native’s Pollination Buffet program, attract a wealth of pollinators. American bittersweet (Celastrus scandens, the native species) enhances the ecological value of a nonnative seven sons tree at Powell Gardens. Vines Vines offer some of the most environmentally enhancing attributes to a landscape—but send fear up the spines of arborists and foresters. Our native vines in the grape family (Vitis spp., Parthenocissus spp., and Ampelopsis cordata) offer tremendous value to insects and wildlife—and no other plant group Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 25 Increase the ecological value of your landscape’s square footage with native vines: Top, Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinqefolia) enlivens the stone base of the Marjorie Powell Allen Chapel at Powell Gardens, and above, crossvine (Bignonia capreolata) adds beauty to a limestone wall at Powell Gardens Visitor Center. will support more hummingbird-like sphinx moths. Using vines as curtain walls is a practice widely used abroad and catching on in the U.S. In spaces too tight for a tree, vines are shading many a structure and saving cooling costs. Landscapingfriendly Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) can be planted on a nonnative or low wildlife value tree where its extremely nectar-rich flowers are followed by fat rich berries in early fall that are relished by migrating songbirds. 26 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 Have beds with conventional cultivars? A great variety of native perennials can be added to these plantings, such as, from top, and clockwise: aromatic aster (Symphyotrichum oblongifolium); savanna blazingstar (Liatris scariosa), featured in Grow Native’s Pollinator Buffet program, as is blue wild indigo (Baptisia australis; as long-lived and well behaved in a garden as any peony); and self-sowing columbine (Aquilegia canadensis). Perennials Existing non-native perennial plantings can be enhanced with natives, just be sure and select appropriate plants compatible with your soil and moisture, sun or shade conditions. Consider planting milkweeds or pollinator beneficial plants as promoted by Grow Native!’s Monarch Café and Pollinator Buffet selections. Lawn is the de facto groundcover in most traditional landscapes where much of it remains not utilized and becomes solely, as Dr. Doug Tallamy states, a status symbol. Some, mainly urban, landscapes can have extensive non-native groundcovers of vinca, English ivy, and the “monkey grasses” Liriope and Ophiopogon, which provide only slightly more ecosystem services than plastic plants. If you have extensive lawn, consider reducing it. Save turf for areas you utilize for play or for access to utilities and home maintenance, and even for fire breaks in some locations. For all other lawn areas, begin by replacing grass under trees with native groundcovers. Consult the Grow Native! Top Ten list of native groundcovers for inspiration. Alan Branhagen is the director of horticulture at Powell Gardens in Kingsville, MO and a Grow Native! committee member. His forthcoming book, Native Plants of the Midwest is slated for publication in fall 2016. CYNDI COGBILL Education on the Prairie with Jeff Cantrell Feathered Curricular Connections to Literature Part 1 of a three-part bird series in honor of the Migratory Bird Treaty Centennial Bird-related storybooks, appropriate to the grade level or age, can help children and adults create their own stories and ultimately develop a deeper understanding of birds and their connections to the natural world as a whole. PHOTOS JEFF CANTRELL B irds are commonly observed on a prairie field trip, in the schoolyard, or at home. They are a fascinating class topic, and accounts of them can be found in historical documents, current events, and a variety of media and educational materials. Educators and naturalists utilize non-fiction life history books and basic field guides to explore habitats and help identify the life their students observe. A different approach or a supplement to this investigation uses children’s literature— especially storybooks—to peak a child’s interest. Stories place the reader in the literature’s landscape. The youth’s imagination sprints along the storylines, and, if they are well written, a few pages into the book and children find themselves interacting with the characters. An educator can easily incorporate a bird-related storybook for a field experience or find an avian literary reference to build an activity or class discussion on birdlife. The use of storybooks works best for kindergarten to fourth grade levels. However, I use brief selected passages from topic-related children’s books for most grade levels as well as for educators in university courses. A chosen sentence or two from a favorite book initiates journal writing and storytelling for upper grade levels and adults. Storytelling is one of the best avenues for human communication. An engaging age-appropriate tale is a perfect platform to engage children—or adults—on a level they can understand. Engaging bird-related stories allow students to learn about bird migration, food niches, and territory, as well as avian facts like beak adaptations in a way that textbooks can not. Native grasslands and their ecology have been the subject of stories for hundreds of years. Those stories told in Osage lodges, around other neighboring Native American campfires, and later in family rooms and one-room schoolhouses transformed some complicated concepts into generalizations, making the information easy to comprehend. Students can also write their own bird-related stories. Teachers and naturalists can give students “bird facts” to incorporate into their writing. Having the students include themselves into their storylines may give the students more freedom and interest in the creativity. I regularly have students or educators I teach borrow some lines from a text and use that as an opening to an oral or written narrative. Popular Native American legends, classics like By the Shores of Silver Lake and Little House on the Prairie by Laura Ingalls Wilder, or more recent children’s books with bird and nature topics all work nicely. An example I’ve used with fourth grade teachers is the passage “Out on the prairie where the constant wind blows free, lived a mother meadowlark and her little chicks three.” I’ll instruct from the storybook Out on the Prairie by Donna M. Bateman, 2012 Charlesbridge Publishing. The Little House books are popular with homeschool networks, and I like to recommend Laura’s description of a hawk soaring overhead, or the Ingalls girls’ discovery of a bird’s nest, prairie birds balancing on goldenrods and the songs of meadowlarks and “little dickiebirds” (dickcissels). The highlight of using children’s literature, I believe, is it gives the educator another connecting resource to reach youth. By adding storytelling, educators can encourage social exchanges between the speaker and the listening audience, making the natural landscape and characters appealing on a personal and education level. Any questions on using the outdoors to teach youth/adult groups or interpret nature can be relayed to Jeff at swampcandle1@gmail. com or 417-476-3311 or work 417-629-3423. Grade Level Expectations: FA 1, 2.1, FA 1, 2.1, FA 1, 2.1, LO.1.A.3a, L.3.3a, L.4.3a, L.6.3a, L.6.3b Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 27 Native Warm-Season Grass News A Landowner’s Guide To Wildlife-Friendly Grasslands 2015 Patch-Burn Grazing Working Group Meeting JOAN CLUBINE 28 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 37 No. 1 At left is the Z-Bar Ranch in Aetna, KS, managed with tree cutting, some fire, and rotational grazing. In contrast, the ranch on the right has not cut cedars, applies no fire, and carries out seasonal grazing. At lower right is the tree saw used by Keith Yearout to cut cedars at the Z-Bar Ranch. The Z-Bar ranch in Aetna is grazed by 700 to 1,000 bison cows plus calves and bulls. Yearling calves are shipped to feedlots in late spring, instead of grass finishing, because Montana Grill wants each animal to be uniform, which can be a challenge with grassfed animals. Yearout said that when Turner first visited the ranch after he was hired as manager, he brought up the cedar problem. Turner wasn’t big on controlling them, but after Yearout put a copy of Randy Roger’s “Cedar Invasion” article from Kansas Wildlife magazine where Turner would see it, his attitude changed. Turner told Yearout he could kill all the cedars he wanted. Rotational grazing was chosen for managing bison grazing on the Z-Bar. This required constructing several large pastures or paddocks. Animals are grazed about two weeks before they are moved to a new paddock. Yearout says they are always waiting at the gate for the move. Between the wildfire and grazing rotation, which includes long rest periods, little bluestem and sideoats grama have come back from what was mostly buffalograss and blue grama shortgrass prairie under Boatman’s continuous, severe grazing lease management. Yearout has been to a couple patch-burn grazing working group meetings and is beginning to incorporate it into the rotation, which isn’t particularly easy while retaining the rotations. Animals have to be on a burn shortly after burning so the grasses and forbs don’t get too far ahead and lose the attraction to the burned versus the unburned patches. Cedar invasion is epidemic in this part of the world as it is almost everywhere in North America. One of the many effects this invasion has is on local water tables and stream flows. Cedar removal in the Red Hills has had a dramatic effect on water resources. Researchers at Oklahoma State University have documented that it takes at least two inches of rain before any moisture reaches the soil beneath a cedar and that cedar transpire between one and seven gallons of soil moisture daily depending on the size of individual trees. STEVE CLUBINE PHOTOS T he 2015 Patch-Burn Working Group met in the Red Hills of south-central Kansas in late August. Featured were Ed Koger’s Hashknife Ranch at Wilmore, and Ted Turner’s Z-Bar Ranch, at Aetna, both southwest of Pratt, KS. The Red Hills—also known as the Gypsum Hills because of thin sheets of gypsum that outcrop on slopes—cover all or parts of four counties and consist of predominantly mixed grass prairie dominated by little bluestem and sideoats grama grasses. Eastern red cedar is a serious invader that has become epidemic the last 40 years due to the absence of fire. Slowly, ranchers are instituting prescribed fire, but many cedars have become too large for prescribed fires to kill, requiring cutting except where the occasional wildfire has raged. Koger, his son Jared, and one other employee run the 37,000-acre Hashknife Ranch. (See photos of the ranch at www.huntthehashknife.com.) Koger moved to the Red Hills in the early 1970s from the Flint Hills. Growing up in the Flint Hills, his father and grandfather indoctrinated a young Koger in the art of prairie burning. However, fire was rarely used in the Red Hills when Koger moved there. “It took me about three years before I decided to burn my first pasture,” Koger said. The next step was cutting cedars that were too tall for fire to kill and after decades of fire suppression, there were plenty of those. Fire helped stem the tide of cedar spread, as does keeping three cedar cutters running whenever other chores allow. The change in the landscape has been remarkable. Koger became interested in patch-burn grazing, instead of whole pasture burning, while watching the success his sister, Jane, was having at her Homestead Ranch in the Flint Hills. Although the Red Hills receive less rainfall, he thought it might work there, too. He has been very pleased and it has also made a big difference in bringing back lesser prairie-chickens to his property. Koger says he has between 300 and 600 lessers, 30 known leks, and feels the population will continue to increase with better habitat provided by patchburn grazing. He says he also has significantly more forage because unburned patches get less grazing pressure, grasses are taller, and big bluestem, indiangrass, and forbs have increased. I asked Koger if there had been any herbicide spraying in the Red Hills. He said there was a lot during the 1960s when USDA cost-shared for 2,4,5-T and some other herbicides promoted by big herbicide companies. He said he aerial sprayed about 3,000 acres on the south end of his ranch for sandsage control. “It was the worst mistake I ever made,” he said. “It will take at least 60-70 years for the prairie to recover from the damage.” The Z-Bar Ranch in Aetna was owned by the same people who owned the Z-Bar in Strong City and later by Boatmen’s Bank in Kansas City. The 43,000-acre Aetna Z-Bar is now owned by Ted Turner, and the Strong City Z-Bar is now the 11,000-acre Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve owned by the Kansas Chapter of The Nature Conservancy. The Aetna Z-Bar is one of 11 Turner ranches that raise bison for Ted’s Montana Grill restaurants. Ted’s criteria for purchasing a ranch, according to Z-Bar manager Keith Yearout, is that it can sustainably carry 2,000 animal units and support indigenous wildlife, in the case of Z-Bar, bobwhite quail and lesser prairie-chickens. Turner is an avid quail hunter, pursuing them about 60 days a year. Other of his ranches support sharp-tailed grouse and cutthroat trout. STEVE CLUBINE The mean soil moisture loss per tree per year is 2,555 gallons. A mere 10 cedar trees occupying an acre would remove over 25,000 gallons per acre per year, easily enough to dry up prairie streams. Koger commented that he was cutting cedars along one of his many upland prairie streams, but got interrupted for a few weeks. When he returned to cut more, he got stuck because the side hills were now full of moisture with overland flow to the stream. Another personal account came from Eva Yearout at the Z-Bar. Wildfires burned 6,000 and 5,000 acres each in November 2006 and August 2008. The fires killed thousands of cedars that were too tall to kill with the calmer conditions used in prescribed fires. As we caravanned along a ridge, Eva, who had given radios to each vehicle driver so she could give us a travelogue, told us to look to the east and we would see a large number of huge cedar skeletons killed in the wildfires. We would also see two large ponds (small lakes, actually). She said before the fires killed the cedars, they didn’t know those ponds existed—they were hidden by the big cedars, which were impenetrable to almost any living creature, and the ponds were probably constantly dry. Yearout, like Koger, uses three tree cutters and keeps them going whenever he and the hired hands aren’t doing other chores. Prescribed burning is critical and they are well equipped. However, Eva said it is so important to restore fire to as much of the Red Hills as possible that they often don’t get their own needs done because they are busy helping other ranchers burn. “We know the importance of fire and will eventually get ours done,” said Eva, “but we want to make sure our neighbors have the equipment and help they need so that as much grassland can be restored as possible. This makes our own prairie restoration more significant.” According to another Red Hills rancher, Ted Alexander, one of the leaders in the Red Hills Burn Association, “We set a goal to burn 13,000 acres last spring (2015), but we were only able to get 12,000 acres done. That’s a good start. However, to get ahead of the cedar encroachment problem, we will have to burn up to 100,000 acres annually.” The burn association in Kansas gives ranchers a stronger voice for keeping the use of fire from being overregulated or even banned. It also helps ranchers and other private landowners, government entities, and non-government organization work together and share equipment to get more done safely. Alexander and his son Brian were featured on Rural Free Delivery Channel’s Out-on-the-Land produced by Dr. Larry Butler. Out-on-the-Land airs at 6:30 p.m. Tuesdays. Dr. Butler, by the way, is looking for good conservation stories to feature on the show, so let me know if you have good candidates and I’ll relay them to Butler—a fellow Society for Range Management member and friend. Another interesting comment made during the field trip was on bison eating habits. Bob Hamilton, manager of Oklahoma’s Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, said their bison eat more grass than forbs. However, Eva Yearout noted, with their rotation, forbs are the first thing their bison eat after being moved into a new pasture. The difference isn’t the bison, they maintain, it’s how they are managed, i.e., continuously grazed with burned patches vs. rotationally grazed and exposed to fresh grass and forbs every few days to weeks. This is similar to what Tom Hartnett, with Konza Prairie at Manhattan, KS, said about differences between bison and cattle. The difference between diet and behavior has more to do with how they are managed than between the species. When bison are managed like we traditionally manage cattle, their diets may differ, but when cattle are managed more the way bison historically moved across the land, adhering to burned patches, their diets are very similar. One subject I will save for a future article pertains to effects of herbicides on prairie production and livestock production, asked of Oklahoma State Well managed, diverse mixed-grass prairie on Ed Koger’s Hashknife Ranch in the Red Hills, Wilmore, KS. University researcher Sam Fuhlendorf by Audubon of Kansas Executive Director Ron Klataske. I was aware of some additional details of Fuhlendorf’s response, and Klataske has asked me to write an article about it for his Prairie Wings magazine. Sorry to keep you in suspense. Attendance at the 2015 PBG Working Group meeting was more than a hundred people from Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Michigan, Minnesota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas. The leadership and involvement varied by state: The Oklahoma contingent is largely from Oklahoma State University and The Nature Conservancy (TNC); Kansas’ is TNC and Kansas State University; Nebraska’s, South Dakota’s, and Minnesota’s are TNC; and Missouri’s is the Missouri Department of Conservation and Missouri State University. The meeting in the host state usually attracts a number of local producers and organizations. Missourians attending were Max Alleger, Matt Hill, Steve Cooper, Frank Loncarich, Kyle Hedges, Tom Thompson (MDC); Dr. Wayne Morton (producer and MPF member); Jef Hodges (National Bobwhite Conservation Initiative grassland specialist); Stevie Collins (producer; TNC and MPF member); and me (producer; TNC and MPF member). Location of the 2016 meeting has not been determined but a return to Oklahoma is a strong possibility unless someone from Texas volunteers. Missouri is in line for the 2017 meeting and will feature patch burn grazing and bobwhite quail studies on Talbot and Stony Point Conservation Areas. Yours for better grasslands, Steve Clubine General Conservation Reserve Signup T he general CRP signup ended February 26, 2016, and it will be interesting to learn how many acres were enrolled in Missouri. Significant lower crop prices and substantially higher average soil rental rates may have encouraged more producers to enroll lower yielding cropland. I have heard encouraging news from native grass and forb seed dealers and contract planters that they have heard from a lot of landowners about planting native grass and forbs—which is a good sign. Hopefully, too, some expiring CRP tracts will be re-enrolled, preventing years of work, expensive seed, well established grasslands and good grassland wildlife habitat from being destroyed by going back to crops. Vol. 37 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 29 Prairie Postings CÉCILE LAGANDRÉ News from Feaster Glade This past year, flash floods roared through Feaster Glade, redistributing a large amount of white-covered rocks. Under heavy rains, the bacterial weathering of underground pyrite (iron sulfide) triggers an acidic run-off that dissolves aluminum from soil clay and deposits/precipitates it downhill on some alkaline dolomite outcroppings. Mineral leaching downhill results in a particular kind of perturbation of the soil: a crystalturbation, (fragmentation and reorganization of chemical bonds between atoms.) The energy released A 16-year-old lightning strike from this pedoturbation, and cascaded into creating a narrow opening in our glade, which was other ones, allows the glade gradually invaded by eastern red soil not only to function and cedar (Juniperus virginiana) over the maintain itself, but also to last half century. adapt to the onslaught of restoration when its cover changes from red cedars to prairie plants, its insolation from shade to full sun, and its root systems from shallow to deep. Our glade restoration started on a convex nose slope where grasses and forbs have appeared on cue after a fall-winter right of passage. We are now contemplating the western adjoining section sloping in opposed curvatures, a concave amphitheater slope, where red cedars have held onto their rigid, dead lower branches—where the existing openings are fewer and smaller, and where rainwater from higher grounds has eroded several rocky gullies. I wonder how to implement restoration activities in this space where shumard oaks (Quercus shumardii) grow 3-meter-long flexible trunks, and where dwarf hackberries (Celtis pumila) poke their heads everywhere. Gradually bringing the benefit of dappled sunlight to the soil seems reasonable, as suggested by Justin Thomas (Director, Institute of Botanical Training). These woods’ most stimulating element is their history painted in a mysterious palette. Hanging out in their dark and humid environment, and imagining the rebirth of grassland under the pictured snags, brings me comfort. MPF member Cécile Lagandré and her husband Dave Van Dyne have the privilege of calling Feaster Glade their own. Cécile shares tales of its restoration in the Missouri Prairie Journal. 30 Missouri Prairie Journal Vol. 36 No. 1 Memorials MPF thanks the following individuals for their gifts in memory of MPF member and former Missouri state ornithologist Jim D. Wilson: Terry and Ann Brazeal Mrs. Rosemary Curran Mr. and Mrs. Jim Denny Dudley Galloway Mrs. Yolanda Graham Mr. and Mrs. Dave Harris Mr. and Mrs. Bob Hussey Andrea Hussey Ms. Cheri Klose Carol Davit and Mike Leahy Julie Lundsted Randall Maas Dean and Bette Murphy Rev. and Mrs. Doug Nicholas Dennis and Charlene Noring Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Presley Larry and Marilyn Largent Mr. and Mrs. Tom Shultz Mr. and Mrs. Tim Smith Mr. and Mrs. George Spratt Mr. and Mrs. Rick Thom Karen Wilson MPF thanks Shirley Cirio for her gift for Cori and Al Westcott in memory of Clay Westcott. MPF thanks Mark Belwood for his gift in memory of his parents Harry and Mabyl Hanley. MPF thanks Mary M. Meredith for her gift in memory of her mother Veronica Mater. MPF thanks Jeremy E. Farrar for his gift in memory of Sarah Ann Wiess. MPF thanks Roberta Settergren for her gift in memory of Carl Settergren. MPF thanks Alice Bloch for her gift in memory of Frank Flinn. MPF thanks Mary B. Fink for her gift in memory of Helen Elwell. MPF thanks Francine Glass for her gift in memory of Richard Glass. MPF thanks Paul Ross, Jr. for his gift in memory of Paul M. Ross and Jefferson Miller. Honorariums MPF thanks MPF Emeritus Board Member Bill Crawford for a gift in honor of MPF’s Vice President of Science and Management Bruce Schuette, who, as Bill stated, “is a treasure to our group.” MPF thanks Olive Lansburgh for her gift in honor of Paula Diaz, for introducing her to native plants in Missouri and Kansas. MPF thanks Carl and Kay Singer, and Jay Kelly, for their gifts in honor of MPF Emeritus Board Member Lowell Pugh. MPF thanks Michelle Anderson for her gift in honor of R. E. Fullerton. MPF thanks Larry Melton for his gift in honor of MPF Emeritus Board Member Bill Davit and his “lifetime of giving back.” MPF thanks Francine Glass for her gift in honor of Jack and Pat Harris. MPF thanks Linda Gibson for her gift in honor of Dana and Justin Thomas. MPF thanks Jean and Jim Shoemaker for their gift in honor of MPF Board Member Margo Farnsworth and Jim Pascoe. MPF thanks Margo Farnsworth and Jim Pascoe for their gift in honor of Jean and Jim Shoemaker. MPF thanks Jeffrey Forster for his gift in honor of Elizabeth Newman. MPF thanks Alice Bloch for her gift in honor of Randy Arndt. MPF thanks Curtis, Deborah, Gary, and Brittany Kukal for their gift in honor of Evelyn Kukal. MPF thanks Faith Sandler for her gift in honor of Scott Jones and Ray Lauer. SCOTT LENHARTH Call for proposals for MPF’s 2016 Prairie Gardens Grant Amazon will donate 0.5% of the price of your eligible AmazonSmile purchases to MPF whenever you shop on AmazonSmile. AmazonSmile is the same Amazon you know. Same products, same prices, same service. Visit http://smile.amazon.com for details. Thank you for supporting MPF when you shop with AmazonSmile! Gardening and conservation groups, parks, schools, and other entities are invited to submit proposals to MPF’s Prairie Gardens Small Grants Program. In 2016, MPF would like to award $500 to help fund the establishment of a prairie garden or planting. Gardens must be available to the public and must incorporate native prairie species. Matching funds are not required, but proposals with secured matching funds may be evaluated higher than others. Visit www.moprairie. org for an application form. Applications are due March 24, 2016. Questions? Call 888-843-6739. 50th MPF ANNIVERSARY CAMPAIGN MEMBERSHIP GOALS To broaden its membership support, which will increase MPF’s prairie protection capacity and also strengthen the collective voice for prairie conservation, MPF has established the following membership goals by the end of 2016: Planned Giving for Prairies •G row membership to 2,000 or more by 2016. Your annual membership and other gifts to MPF are vital to our ongoing prairie conservation work. By establishing a planned gift to MPF as well, you can also ensure that we can continue our work well into the future. Below are several ways to make a planned gift: •W elcome 50 or more new lifetime members. •R ecognize 30 or more lifetime members as Crawford & Christisen Compass Society Members in 2014, in 2015, and in 2016. • Create a charitable remainder trust. You will receive fixed payments for the rest of your life and have a charitable deduction. Charitable remainder trusts offer payment rates that are more attractive than many other investments, with the rate amount determined by your age. In addition, you have the satisfaction of knowing that the remainder of your gift will benefit MPF. Member support is crucial to MPF’s work. If you are not a member, please send your membership dues today. If you are a current member, please note that your expiration date is printed above your name on the back cover. Prompt renewal helps our conservation work. If you are able, please consider increasing your membership level. • Give appreciated stock or bonds. You will provide a larger gift to MPF—and avoid capital gains liability. • Put a bequest in your will or trust (cash, specific property, or a share of the residual estate). You will make a gift for MPF’s future that doesn’t affect your cash flow or portfolio now, but will provide an eventual estate tax deduction. Those wishing to make a bequest to MPF may find the suggested wording helpful: I bequeath ___% of my residuary estate (or $___) to the Missouri Prairie Foundation, a nonprofit conservation organization, with its address at P.O. Box 200, Columbia, MO 65205 for its ongoing programs in prairie acquisitions, stewardship, and education. If you have already made a planned give to MPF, or plan to, please let us know. For more information contact us: Missouri Prairie Foundation, P.O. Box 200, Columbia, MO 65205, tollfree phone: 1-888-843-6739, or email at [email protected]. YOUR MEMBERSHIP MATTERS! To become a new member, renew your membership, give a gift membership, or make an additional donation outside of annual membership, please send payment and address information to Missouri Prairie Foundation c/o Martinsburg Bank, P.O. Box 856 Mexico, MO 65265-0856 You may also contribute on-line at www.moprairie.org/Donate. If you have any questions about your membership, please contact Jane Schaefer, who administers MPF’s membership database, at [email protected] or call 1-888-843-6739. Membership Levels (individual, family, or organization) Regular and gift memberships: $35; Friend: $50; Supporting: $100; Contributing: $250; Sustaining: $500; Life (no membership expiration): $2,000; Crawford & Christisen Compass Society: Annual Gift of $1,000 or more from existing lifetime members (cumulative or lump sum in a year) See www.moprairie.org, Donate, for contributor benefits. Vol. 36 No. 1 Missouri Prairie Journal 31 MISSOURI PRAIRIE Non-Profit Organization U.S. Postage PAID INPTECH FOUNDATION Protec ting Native Grasslands Missouri Prairie Foundation P.O. Box 200 Columbia, MO 65205 [email protected] • 1-888-843-6739 • www.moprairie.org PLEASE NOTE that your MPF membership expiration date is now printed with your address. Renewing promptly will save MPF costs of mailing renewal reminder letters. To renew, see page 31. Calendar of Prairie-Related Events Missouri Prairie Foundation Events Saturday, May 21, 2016—MPF Native Plant Sale, 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m., Bass Pro Shops, 3101 Bass Pro Dr., Columbia, MO 65202. Trees, shrubs, wildflowers, grasses, and seeds will be sold by Millpond Plants, Missouri Wildflowers Nursery, Smiling Sun, Pure Air Natives, Claire’s Garden, and Longfellow’s Nursery. All will donate a portion of proceeds to MPF. MPF Establishes National Prairie Day! MPF has registered the first Saturday of June with the National Day Calendar as National Prairie Day. By establishing this special day we hope to enhance public awareness of what prairie is, educate its value, and inspire all to support prairie conservation, restoration, and enjoyment. Watch for more details on National Prairie Day programming and how you can be involved. Saturday, April 9, 2016—MPF Board of Directors spring meeting, Peculiar Lions Club, 500 Schug Ave., Peculiar, MO. 64078. A tour of MPF’s Snowball Hill Prairie will follow. See www. moprairie.org for details or call 816-716-9159. Saturday, April 16, 2016—MPF Native Plant Sale at MDC “Go Native” Event, Anita B. Gorman Discovery Center, 4750 Troost Ave., Kansas City MO, 64110, 9:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. Missouri Wildflowers Nursery will offer natives, grasses, shrubs, vines, and trees. To pre-order for pick up on the 16th: 573-496-3492 or [email protected]. A portion of proceeds will support MPF. Questions? Call 816-716-9159. April 23 & 30, 2016—MPF Native Plant Sales at City Market, 5th and Walnut, Kansas City MO, 8:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. April 23: Missouri Wildflowers Nursery will offer native wildflowers grasses, shrubs and trees. Plants can be pre-ordered for pick up at the sale: mowldflrs@socket. net or call: 573-496-3492. April 30, Missouri Wildflowers Nursery will offer native wildflowers and grasses, and Forrest Keeling Nursery will offer native trees and shrubs. Plants can be pre-ordered from Missouri Wildflowers Nursery: mowldflrs@socket. net or 573-496-3492. To preorder trees ($20) and shrubs ($15) from Forrest Keeling Nursery: [email protected]. Vendors will donate a generous portion of proceeds to support MPF. Contact 816-716-9159 for more information. DAN ZARLENGA Saturday, March 26, 2016— Runge Nature Center Native Plant Sale with Grow Native! professional members. 2901 W. Truman Blvd., Jefferson City, MO 65102. 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. Plants, trees, shrubs, grasses, sedges, and seeds will be sold by Sunrise Gardens, Missouri Wildflowers Nursery, Smiling Sun Gardens, Longfellow’s Nursery, Forrest Keeling Nursery, Prairie Hill Farm, and Pure Air Natives. Lincoln University’s Native Plant Program will have information on host plants for butterflies and native edible food samples. Greener Gardens will provide information on native gardening. See www. grownative.org for pre-ordering information. Saturday, May 7, 2016—Night Sky Photography Presentation and Star Gazing with Dan Zarlenga. Prairie camping too! Meet at 7:00 p.m. at the Golden City Community Center and enjoy a slide presentation of Dan Zarlenga’s amazing night photographs. We will then drive to nearby Golden Prairie to view the night sky with telescopes. Participants may camp on the prairie. Free, however donations to MPF gratefully accepted. RSVP to [email protected] or call 888-843-6739. Saturday, May 14, 2016—Grow Native! Intro to Native Gardening Workshop, Arcadia, MO. Great speakers, lunch included, only $22 for non-MPF members, $18 for MPF members, $15 for students. See www.grownative.org for details and to register. Sunday, May 22, 2016—Glade and Savanna Breeding Bird Investigation. 10:00 a.m. to noon. See page 17 for details. June 4 & 5, 2016—MPF’s 7th Annual Prairie BioBlitz. Spend the first National Prairie Day exploring Linden’s Prairie in Lawrence Co. with biologist leaders, a potluck dinner, and camping on the prairie. Watch for details at www.moprairie.org and e-news. Questions? Call 888-843-6739. Saturday, July 23, 2016— Dedication of MPF’s Carver Prairie in Newton County, preceded by MPF Board of Directors summer board meeting. Watch for details. Saturday, August 6, 2016—MPF 50th Anniversary Annual Dinner. Dr. Jane Fitzgerald with the American Bird Conservancy will present “Prairies past, grasslands present, and the birds that need them” at this fundraiser. Columbia, MO. $100 per person; two complimentary dinners for existing or new lifetime members (new lifetime membership: $2,000 individual, household, or business). Watch for invitation in postal mail. E-news alerts provide MPF members with news about more events. Send your e-mail address to [email protected] to be added to the e-news list. MPF does not share e-mail addresses with other groups. Events are also posted at www.moprairie.org.