BS: 5837 Tree Report - Perth and Kinross Council

BS: 5837 Tree Report
&
Arboricultural Impact Assessment
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Goldcrest, Golf Course Road
Blairgowrie, PH106LQ.
Prepared for
Prepared by
CONTENTS
Introduction……………………….………………………………………………..….. Page 1
Arboricultural Overview……………………….…………………………………. Page 1 - 2
Planning Considerations…………………………………..……………….……..Page 2 -6
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Tree Protection Plan……………….……………………………….………….….. Page 7 - 10
Figure 1: Protective Fencing Specifications……………………………… Page 10
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Maps 1-5…………………………………………………………………………………….Page 11 - 16
Tree Schedules…………………………………………………………………………..Page 17 - 24
Tree Contractors Management Recommendations………………… Page 25
Survey Methodology………………………………………………………………. Page 26 - 29
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Report limitations…………………………………………………………………… Page 30 - 31
Arboricultural Impact Assessment
Tree root protection………………………………………………………………Page 31
Changes in levels……………………………………………………………………Page 32
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Installation and layout of services………………………………………….Page 32
Demolition of existing buildings, surfaces………………………………Page 32
Exposure due to tree removal……………………………………………….Page 33
Construction site access………………………………………………………..Page 33
Construction site layout………………………………………………………..Page 33
Construction site materials storage………………………………………Page 34
Planting…………………………………………………………………………………Page 34
Landscape Implications…………………………………………………………Page 34
Wildlife……………………………………………………………………………………Page 34
Tree Surgery……………………………………………………………………………Page 34
Monitoring………………………………………………………………………………Page 35
Post development Implications……………………………………………….Page 35
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Appendices
References………………………………………………………………………………Page 36
BS 5837:2012 Terms and Definitions………………………………………Page 37
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Project Contact Details……………………………………………………………Page 38
Planning Guidance for tree owners……………………………………………Page 39
Liability for Hazardous Trees……………………………………………….…Page 40 - 41
Wildlife Legislation…………………………………………………………………Page 42
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Inspectors CV………………………………………………………………………..Page 43
Page 1
Introduction
This pre-development tree report has been prepared in support of an application for Full Planning
Permission under the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997.
The proposed domestic dwelling is adjacent to, and formerly within the grounds of Goldcrest, Golf
Course Road, Blairgowrie, PH10 6LQ.
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The information accrued from the tree survey (and specifically where tree loss is proposed) has been
used to prepare the arboricultural impact assessment which evaluates the direct and indirect effects
of the proposed design and where appropriate, recommends mitigation.
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Arboricultural Overview
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The Tree survey and arboricultural implications assessment includes 76 trees in two distinct
groupings. There are an additional 12 young trees which are not included whose stem diameters are
less than 100mm within the woodland shelter belt. Group 1 is a cluster of Sitka spruce, Leyland
cypress and Birch trees positioned at the south part of the site on either side of the access track. The
track leads to the space where the development is planned.
Group 2 is of mixed species, predominantly Scots Pine, Leyland cypress and sycamore
positioned on the northern boundary which will be unaffected by the proposed development, but
for which some protection proposals are submitted.
BS5837 Category
Of the 76 trees recorded:


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
0 Trees are category A (high quality with an estimated remaining life expectancy of at least
40 years).
37 Trees are category B (moderate quality with an estimated remaining life expectancy of at
least 20 years).
23 Trees are category C (low quality with an estimated remaining life expectancy of at
least 10 years)
16 Trees are category U (in such condition that they cannot realistically be retained as living
trees in the context of the current land use for longer than 10 years).

Tree Condition
Of the 76 trees recorded:
 9 Trees are in GOOD condition
 48 Trees are in FAIR condition
 19 Trees are in POOR condition
Page 2
Age category

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28 Trees are young
20 Trees are semi-mature
28 Trees are Mature
0 Trees are Late Mature
0 Trees are Veteran
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The overall tree stock is in general terms of low quality with no specimen trees. Individual mature
Sitka spruces (160, 164) are of a higher quality whilst many of the leylandii trees along the driveway
are in poor physical condition with a limited life expectancy.
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The group to the north of the site has been planted as a shelter belt, with a good stock of Scots Pine.
Thinning works usually undertaken in such plantings has not occurred leading to specimens which
are tall, thin and relatively weaker. The consequence is that they are more likely to uproot or break
in severe wind.
On the edge of the site there are several mature trees which have not been included in the survey as
they are not within the boundary of ownership.
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Conclusion
Given the above there are no overt or overwhelming arboricultural constraints that can be
reasonably cited to alter the proposed construction. The proposed design has taken into
consideration the constraints of the existing trees where possible and has sought to integrate them
as an integral feature of the site.
Planning Considerations: Permissions sought in relation to tree works
Summary of trees impacted by the development proposal
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The current design proposal requires:
1) The removal of one plum tree (No. 186) directly adjacent to the proposed building.
2) The repositioning of one young specimen willow tree (185).
3) The removal of 6 trees for the installation of underground services.
187
Cedar of Lebanon
- Semi- mature
176/1
Leyland Cypress
- Mature
189
Leyland Cypress
- Young
190
Leyland Cypress
- Mature
191
Leyland Cypress
- Young
192
Birch
- Semi- mature
Page 3
Trees unaffected by the development proposal for which removal is recommended on the basis of
condition and safety.
16 trees are recommended for removal. (Please refer to tree schedule for further details)
161, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175, 189, 374, 380, 383, 386, 388, 186
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Tree removal / Tree repositioning
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Tree 186 on the left is a plum tree identified for removal. Tree 185 is a willow on the right is
requested to be excavated with its root ball intact and repositioned in the adjacent garden.
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Access facilitation pruning
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Some branches which are hanging into the roadway require to be pruned by crown lifting, the extent
of which is indicated on the photograph and specified within the Tree Schedule. Access pruning may
be avoided if the trees on the left are removed in advance of use by construction vehicles.
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Underground services
The line of the underground trench for the supply of mains water and power is indicated on the
photographs. Please refer to Map 2.
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Tree works not required for the development proposal for which removal is recommended on the
basis of condition and safety.
16 trees are recommended for removal. (Please refer to tree schedule for further details)
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161, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175, 189, 374, 380, 383, 386, 388, and 186.
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The lower boles of 7 leylandii trees have substantial decay with a short life expectancy. Removal
is not necessary for the development proposal but a consideration in relation to the use of the
site once residency has taken place. It is recommended that tree safety works are conducted
within 6 months.
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Tree Protection Plan
1. The topography of the site limits development work on the northern area of the plot but
changes in ground levels are proposed for the adjacent area which should avoid
excavating within the rooting zone of trees. The calculated distance where soil
excavation can take place is 12 x the stem diameter of any tree. E.g. excavations should
be at a distance of 2.5m from Tree 228, 4.2m from Tree 197 and 6.6m from tree 367.
Please refer to Map 4.
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2. It is recommended that a temporary barrier fence be erected prior to construction to
protect the rooting areas of trees to be retained. This fencing is for the protection of
roots to be avoided when changing ground levels nearby and shown on Map 4. Simple
herras fencing or similar is adequate.
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3. It is recommended that underground services to the proposed property are routed along
the eastern side of the plot minimising tree loss. Please refer to Map 2.
4. That the road/ track is topped up with porous gravel prior to use by vehicle construction
traffic to reduce soil compaction. The material should be of a suitable type so as to allow
water and solutes to penetrate through the material to the tree roots below. This should
be done by placing material on top of the soil (a raised road), and that excavations for
track improvements be avoided.
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5. That no excavated ditching or other works associated with the track be installed that
would change the current hydrological conditions in which the trees have developed.
6. That access facilitation pruning of retained trees be limited to a maximum height of 6
metres and be conducted to British Standard 3998 tree works recommendations.
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Retained trees require to be adequately protected during works. Measures to protect these should
follow the best practice principles set out in British Standard 5837: (2012). These have been broadly
summarised below:
All trees retained on site will be protected by barriers or ground protection where indicated in
accordance with British Standard 5837: (section 4.6).
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Fencing will be erected prior to commencement of construction and before the erection of any
temporary structures. Once set up, fences should not be removed or altered without prior
consultation with the arboricultural advisor.
Arrangements should be made for an arboriculturist to supervise works and tree protection where
trees are particularly vulnerable or sited close to access points.
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Pre-development tree works may be undertaken prior to the installation of fencing with the
agreement of the local planning authority.
Any trees that are not retained should be felled prior to the erection of protective fencing. Particular
attention needs to be given by approved contractors to minimise damage or disturbance to retained
specimens. All tree works should follow best practice procedures as set out in British Standard 3998:
Tree Work - Recommendations' (2010).
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All trees should be maintained in good condition on site and be regularly inspected annually (where
overall condition requires) or every 2 years and after any major storm events, with safety a priority.
Barriers
Fencing should be strong and suitable for the location, type and proximity of construction activity.
Barriers must remain rigid and complete.
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Fencing should comprise a scaffold framework comprising a vertical and horizontal framework. For
particular areas where construction activity is anticipated to be intense higher fencing may be
necessary. Typical fencing specifications are illustrated in Figure 1.
Ground Protection
Where it has been agreed, construction access may take place within the RPA if suitable ground
protection measures are in place. This may comprise single scaffold boards over a compressible layer
laid onto geo-textile materials for pedestrian movements. Vehicular movements over the RPA will
require the calculation of expected loading and may require the use of proprietary protection
systems.
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Protection outside the exclusion zone
Once the areas around trees have been protected by the fencing, any works on the remaining site
area may be commenced providing activities do not impinge on protected areas. Notices should be
placed on fencing to indicate that operations are not permitted within the fenced area.
Wide or tall loads etc. should not come into contact with retained trees. Banksman should supervise
transit of vehicles, jibs, booms etc. where this is in close proximity to retained trees.
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Oil, bitumen, cement or other material that is potentially injurious to trees should not be stacked or
discharged within 10m of a tree bole. No concrete mixing should be done within 10m of a tree.
Allowance should be made for the slope of ground to prevent materials running towards trees.
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No fires should be lit where flames are anticipated to extend to within 5m of tree foliage, branches
or trunk, taking into consideration wind direction and size of fire.
Notice boards, telephone cables or other services should not be attached to any part of a retained
tree.
Protection of Trees Close to the Site
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All trees located outside the boundaries of the assessment site yet within close proximity to works
should be adequately protected during the course of the development by barriers or ground
protection around the calculated RPA. The following section describes tree protection measures in
further detail. Any trees which are to be retained and whose RPAs may be affected by the
development should be monitored to identify any alterations in quality with time and to assess and
undertake any remedial works required as a result.
Protection for Aerial Parts of Retained Trees
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Where it is deemed necessary to operate a wide or tall load, plant bearing booms, jibs and
counterweights or other such equipment, as part of construction works, and such equipment would
have potential to cause injurious contact with crown material i.e. low branches and limbs, of
retained trees within the RPA fencing, it is best advised that appropriate, but limited tree surgery, be
carried out beforehand to remove any obvious problem branches. This is classed as 'Access
Facilitation Pruning', British Standard 5837: (2012) paragraphs 8.8.1.2. Any such pruning should be
undertaken in accordance with a specification prepared by an arboriculturist.
It is strongly advised that a pre-commencement site meeting is held with contractors who are
responsible for operating machinery, as described above, to firstly highlight the potential for damage
occurring to tree crowns and to ensure that extra care is applied when manoeuvring machinery
during such operations within close proximity to retained trees to avoid any contact.
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In the event of having caused any such branch or limb damage to retained trees it is strongly
recommended that suitable tree surgery be carried out, in accordance with British Standard 3998:
'Tree Work - Recommendations' (2010), to correct the damage, upon completion of development.
All of the above precautionary measures should be applied to minimise the effect of any damage to
long-term tree health and safety.
Based on BS5837 (2012) - Recommendations
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1. Standard scaffold poles.
2. Uprights to be driven into the ground.
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Figure 1: Protective Fencing Specifications
3. Panels secured to uprights with wire ties and where necessary with standard scaffold
clamps.
4. Weldmesh wired to the uprights and horizontals.
5. Standard clamps
6. Wire twisted and secured on the inside face of fencing to avoid easy dismantling.
7. Ground level / 8. Approximately 0.6m driven into the ground.
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Maps
Maps 3 and 5 are provided to assist with visual clarity where trees are so closely clustered together
that it is difficult to read them on the larger scale.
In terms of the development Map 2 is the most significant as it shows the service trench.
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Map 1 - Overview of Tree Positions
Map 2 - Group 1. Southern area of site adjacent to the access drive. Line of service trench and
protective barrier of neighbours birch tree. Trees in dark red identified for removal.
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Map 3 - Group 1. Detail of tree cluster.
Map 4 - Group 2. Northern area of site adjacent to the proposed building with Protective fencing.
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Map 5 - Group 2. Detail of tree cluster.
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Map 1: Tree Position overview
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Map 2 - Group 1. Southern area of site adjacent to the access drive. Line of service trench and
protective barrier of neighbours birch tree. Trees in dark red identified for removal.
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Map 3 - Group 1. Detail of tree cluster.
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Map 4 - Group 2. Northern area of site adjacent to the proposed building with protective fencing.
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Map 5 - Group 2. Detail of tree cluster.
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Tree Schedules Key
Please refer to Report Methodology and tree schedules for further information.
Category (A) - (Light Green): are trees whose retention is most desirable and making a lasting
contribution (a minimum of 40 years).
Category (B) - (Mid Blue): are trees whose retention is considered desirable and are of moderate
quality and value and making a significant contribution (a minimum of 20 years).
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Category (C) - (Grey): are trees that could be retained and are considered to be of low quality and
value and are in an adequate condition to remain until new planting could be established (a
minimum of 10 years).
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Category (U) - (Dark Red): Trees for removal are those trees in such a condition that any existing
value would be lost within 10 years and which should in the current context be removed for reasons
of sound arboricultural management.
Tree Names. In the tree schedule species have been recorded by botanical name and the common
name.
Tree height has been measured in metres.
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Stem diameter DBH (mm) Diameter of main stem in millimetres at 1.5 metres at 1.5 metres above
ground level. Where the tree is a multi-stem, the diameter is calculated in accordance with item
4.6.1 of BS 5837:2012.
Crown spread has been measured in metres and given as a radial spread from the stem in one or
more of the corresponding compass points, N, S, E or W.
Crown Base: Lowest branch recorded in metres, the distance from ground and aspect of the
emergence point of the lowest significant branch.
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Age class is assessed according to the age class categories referred to in British Standard 5837
(2012). Y: Young trees up to five years of age. S/M Semi-mature trees less than 1/3 life expectancy.
M: Mature trees over 2/3 life expectancy. LM: Late mature - A senescent or moribund specimen with
a limited safe useful life expectancy. V: Veteran status - where a tree possesses certain attributes
relating to veteran trees.
Life Expectancy: Relates to the prospective life expectancy of the tree and is given as 4 categories:
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< 10 years (less than 10 years)
10 - 20 years
20 – 40 years
40 years (greater than 40 years)
Tree Condition. The overall condition of the tree, or group of trees, has been referred to as one of
the following. G Good: F Fair: P Poor: D Dead:
GROUP 1 ALONG
DRIVEWAY
Sitka Spruce
Sycamore
Sitka Spruce
163
Sitka Spruce
164
165
Maturity
Height First
Stem Crown
Crown
(m) Branch dia. Spread Sp.
Sp.
Sp. Height
(m)
(mm) North East South West
N
(m)
(m)
21
6
12
5
3
6
720
125
300
6
1
0
6
2
2
18
6
360
3
0
Sitka Spruce
Sycamore
Picea sitchensis
Mature
Acer pseudoplatanus Young
Picea sitchensis
Semimature
Picea sitchensis
Semimature
Picea sitchensis
Mature
Acer pseudoplatanus Young
21
7
3.5
3
740
260
7
1
6
2
166
Leyland
Cypress
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Mature
14
6
330
4
3
167
Leyland
Cypress
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Mature
8
2m
330
2
3
168
Leyland
Cypress
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Mature
9
2
230
3
3
169
Leyland
Cypress
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Semimature
8
6
220
1
1
1
170
Leyland
Cypress
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Semimature
5
2
220
0
0
0
171
Leyland
Cypress
Leyland
Cypress
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Young
6
150
1
1
Semimature
7
250
1
1
172
173
174
175
176
177
Leyland
Cypress
Leyland
Cypress
Leyland
Cypress
Leyland
Cypress
Leyland
Cypress
Leyland
Cypress
CH
CH
CH
E
S
W
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
N/a
Crown
Cond.
Stem
Cond.
Basal
Area
Cond.
Category
Sub Life
Cat. Expectancy
Years
3
0
1
6
0
0
8
5
6
5
5
6
5
5
6
5
5
6
Fair
Poor
Poor
Good
Fair
Good
Good
Fair
Good
B
U
C
2
1
5
6
0
0
6
Poor
Good
Good
C
4
1
7
1
6
3
3
2
3
2
6
3
2
2
5
3
3
3
Fair
Good
Good
B
2 20 to 40
Fair
Fair
Good
C
1 10 to 20
Co dominant stems arising at 1m. self-seeded of poor visual form
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
10 to 20
2
3
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
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160
161
162
Latin Name
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Tree Common
ID No. Name
Physical Recommend
Condition
1
20 to 40
<10
10 to 20
Good
Poor
Poor
RETAIN
Remove
RETAIN
1
10 to 20
Poor
RETAIN
Good
Fair
RETAIN
RETAIN
Poor
Remove
2
Trifurcated. Western stem pruned off. Decay in stem at base to 1m.
Poor
poor
Poor
U
10 to 20
Poor
Remove
2
2
Missing bark at ground level to 0.5m. decay in stem at 1m
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
10 to 20
Poor
Remove
Decay in stem at base to 1m. Suppressed crown. poor visual form
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
<10
Poor
Remove
4
4
4
4
2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Remove. Decay in stem at base to 1m. Suppressed crown on tall thin stem.
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
<10
Poor
Remove
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Decay in stem at base to 1m. Poor visual form. Suppressed crown. remove
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
<10
Poor
Remove
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
<10
Poor
Remove
Significant decay in stem at base to 2m.
Mature Note. Adjacent tree just outside property boundary heavily decayed in stem at base to 1m.
Mature
14
3
420
3
3
0
3
2
0
0
2
Fair
Fair
Fair
C
1
10 to 20
Fair
RETAIN
Young
6
3
155
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Poor
Good
Good
C
1
10 to 20
Fair
RETAIN
Young
6
2
110
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Poor
Good
U
10 to 20
Fair
Remove
Young
7
n/a
180
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
10 to 20
Fair
RETAIN
Fair
RETAIN
Young
6
2
160
1
1
1
1
2
n/a
n/a
Good
suppressed crown by neighbour trees
Poor
Good
Good
C
1
Poor visual form small suppressed crown on tall thin stem
n/a
Poor
Good
Good
C
1
10 to 20
Poor visual form small suppressed crown on tall thin stem
Leyland
Cypress
Tree Common
ID No. Name
Semimature
Maturity
13
4
310
1
3
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Semimature
Young
12
3
320
2
0
4
n/a
120
1
1
Leyland
Cypress
Leyland
Cypress
Leyland
Cypress
Common
Beech
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Fagus sylvatica
Young
7
n/a
190
1
1
Young
8
2
175
1
1
Young
9
2
280
2
1
Semimature
14.5
2
330
4
3
185
Willow
Salix caprea pendula Young
1.5
1
40
0.5
186
Plum
Prunus domestica
3.5
0.5
130
14
11.9
2
2
181
182
183
184
Birch Silver Birch
187 Cedar of
Lebanon
176/1 Leyland
Cypress
189
Leyland
Cypress
190
Leyland
Cypress
Leyland
Cypress
191
192
Silver Birch
1
n/a
Height First
Stem Crown
Crown
(m) Branch dia. Spread Sp.
Sp.
Sp. Height
(m)
(mm) North East South West
N
(m)
(m)
Leyland
Cypress
Leyland
Cypress
180
2
n/a
n/a
n/a
Fair
CH
CH
CH
Crown Stem
Cond. Cond
E
S
W
Betula pendula
Cedrus libani
Semimature
Mature
Semimature
Good
Good
B
Basal Area
Condition
Category
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
Sub
Life
Physical Recommend
Cat. Expectancy Condition
Years
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Poor
Good
Good
B
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
1
1
2
2
2
2
Poor
Good
Good
B
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
1
1
2
2
2
2
Suppressed by neighbour trees
Poor
Good
Good
B
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
1
1
Poor
Good
Good
B
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
1
2
2
2
2
2
Fair
Good
Good
B
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
4
4
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
Fair
Good
Good
B
2
>40
Fair
RETAIN (ACF)
to 4.5m.
0.5
0.5
0.5
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Co dominant stems arising 2m.
Good Good
Good
B
2
>40
Good
Remove and
replant
2
1
1.5
2
1
1
1
1
(sentimental value to previous owner)
Fair
Fair
Good
C
1
10 to 20
465
290
4
3
4
3
4
2
4
3
n/a
1
n/a
2
n/a
4
n/a
3
2
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179
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Latin Name
PL
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178
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Mature
20
1
580
5
4
4
5
2
4
4
2
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Young
5
n/a
150
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Mature
20
1
560
5
4
4
5
1
1
1
1
Young
6.5
n/a
120
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Betula pendula
Semimature
12
3.5
200
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
3
Fair
remove for
development
Good Fair
Fair
B
2 20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
Poor
Good
Good
U
2 20 to 40
Fair
Remove for
services
Leading stem missing wind broken. Secondary stem compensating. Crown to south absent.
Fair
Good
Good
U
2 20 to 40
Fair
Remove for
services
Crown suppressed to north by a tree which is now missing. Presume felled.
(ACF) to 5m
U
Dead
Poor
Remove for
services
Died as a result of overshadowing by neighbour trees
Good Good
Good
U
2 20 to 40
Good
Remove for
services
Good Fair
Good
U
2 20 to 40
Fair
Remove for
services
Co dominant stems arising near ground level
Fair
Good
Good
U
2 20 to 40
Good
Remove for
services
NORTH
BOUNDARY
GROUP 2
Latin Name
193
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
194
Sycamore
195
Maturity
15
13
280
0
2
Acer pseudoplatanus Young
7
3
170
1
1
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
9
5
500
0
5
196
Sycamore
Acer pseudoplatanus Young
7
n/a
150
1
3
197
European
Larch
Larix decidua
16
4
350
1
5
European
Larch
199
Common Ash Fraxinus excelsior
200
Sycamore
228
Sycamore
367
Leyland
Cypress
Leyland
Cypress
368
370
372
Leyland
Cypress
Leyland
Cypress
373
Leyland
Cypress
374
Leyland
Cypress
Larix decidua
Mature
Semimature
Mature
16
8
450
0
3
CH
CH
CH
E
S
W
Young
Crown Stem
Cond. Cond
Basal Area
Condition
Category
2
12
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0
0
n/a
4
n/a
n/a
2
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Unbalanced crown
Poor
Good
Good
B
2
Crown suppressed
Poor
Good
Good
U
Crown missing wind broken
Poor
Good
Good
C
2
Poor visual form. restricted by neighbour trees
Poor
Fair
Good
C
1
n/a
Crown absent to north and west, physical damage to stem consistent with scraping from
falling tree
Poor
Good
Good
C
1 10 to 20
Fair
RETAIN
4
0
8
n/a
n/a
6
2
220
3
0
2
3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Acer pseudoplatanus Semimature
Acer pseudoplatanus Young
9
3
280
2
4
2
2
3
3
3
3
9
3.5
210
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Mature
20
1
550
3
3
3
3
n/a
n/a
n/a
Semimature
16
1
340
3
3
3
3
n/a
n/a
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Mature
20
1
379
2
2
2
2
n/a
Mature
20
1
670
3
3
3
3
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Mature
20
1
530
2
2
2
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Semimature
8
1
290
1
1
1
Poor
Good
Good
C
Sub
Life
Physical Recommend
Cat. Expectancy Condition
Years
3
EX
AM
198
Semimature
Height First
Stem Crown
Crown
(m) Branch dia. Spread Sp.
Sp.
Sp. Height
(m)
(mm) North East South West
N
(m)
(m)
PL
E
Tree Common
ID No. Name
Unbalanced crown due to neighbour trees
Poor
Good
Good
B
Suppressed crown under larch
Fair
Good
Good
B
2
10 to 20
Poor
RETAIN
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
<10
Poor
Remove
10 to 20
Fair
RETAIN
10 to 20
Fair
RETAIN
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
2
>40
Fair
RETAIN
Good
RETAIN
B
2
>40
n/a
Good Fair
Good
Contorted bole leaning
Poor
Good
Good
C
1
10 to 20
Fair
RETAIN
n/a
n/a
Poor
Fair
B
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
n/a
n/a
n/a
Crown suppressed
Poor
Good
Fair
B
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Fair
Fair
C
1
10 to 20
Fair
RETAIN
2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Lost lead scaffold. Suppressed crown
Fair
Good
Fair
C
1
10 to 20
Fair
RETAIN
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
suppressed crown
Poor
Good
U
1
<10
Poor
Remove
Good
Good
Fair
Heavily suppressed by neighbour trees
Tree Common
ID No. Name
Latin Name
Maturity
Height First
Stem Crown
Crown
(m) Branch dia. Spread Sp.
Sp.
Sp. Height
(m)
(mm) North East South West
N
(m)
(m)
CH
CH
CH
E
S
W
Crown Stem
Cond. Cond
Basal Area
Condition
Category
Sub
Life
Physical Recommend
Cat. Expectancy Condition
Years
Good
C
2
10 to 20
Fair
RETAIN
Good
C
2
10 to 20
Fair
RETAIN
Good
B
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
Good
RETAIN
10 to 20
Poor
RETAIN
<10
Poor
Remove
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
Mature
10
2
570
3
0
3
3
3
n/a
n/a
n/a
376
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
Semimature
7
4
300
0
2
0
2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Poor
Poor
Wind torn canopy
Poor
Fair
377
Sycamore
Acer pseudoplatanus Semimature
7
2
470
4
2
0
0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Poor visual form
Poor
Fair
378
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
Mature
20
9
550
4
4
4
4
9
n/a
n/a
n/a
Co dominant stems arising at 1m included bark. acute union
Good Fair
Good
B
2 20 to 40
379
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
Mature
21
9
520
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
380
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
Young
7
5
150
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
381
382
Scots Pine
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris
Mature
Mature
20
22
18
3
420
520
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
383
384
385
Scots Pine
Scots Pine
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris
Young
Mature
Semimature
7
21
16
5
10
14
150
600
350
3
3
3
3
3
0
3
3
0
3
3
3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
386
Sycamore
387
Sycamore
388
Scots Pine
389
Scots Pine
390
391
Scots Pine
Sycamore
392
Scots Pine
393
Sycamore
394
Scots Pine
EX
AM
PL
E
375
Acer pseudoplatanus Young
7
3
195
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Acer pseudoplatanus Young
8
3
170
2
2
2
2
n/a
2
n/a
n/a
Pinus sylvestris
Young
7
5
220
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Pinus sylvestris
Semimature
9
6
295
1
5
1
0
6
n/a
n/a
n/a
Pinus sylvestris
Mature
Acer pseudoplatanus Young
21
8
5
3
550
200
3
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
n/a
3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Pinus sylvestris
20
16
460
2
2
2
2
16
n/a
n/a
n/a
Acer pseudoplatanus Young
8
3
140
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Pinus sylvestris
18
12
400
4
3
1
1
5
n/a
n/a
n/a
Mature
Mature
Poor
Good
Good
Small suppressed crown
Poor
Fair
Fair
Suppressed. In decline.
Poor
Fair
Good
Good Fair
Good
Wind broken in crown
Poor
Fair
Fair
Fair
Good
Good
Poor
Good
Good
C
2
U
C
B
2
2
10 to 20
20 to 40
Fair
Fair
RETAIN
RETAIN
U
B
B
2
2
<10
20 to 40
20 to 40
Poor
Fair
Good
Remove
RETAIN
RETAIN
<10
Poor
Remove
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
<10
Poor
Remove
10 to 20
Fair
RETAIN
2
2
20 to 40
10 to 20
Good
Fair
RETAIN
RETAIN
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
2
10 to 20
Fair
RETAIN
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
Poor
Poor
Fair
Good
U
Centre of group. Suppressed in decline
Poor
Fair
Good
B
2
Historic pruning
Poor
Poor
Fair
U
Dying due to neighbour trees suppressing crown
Poor
Good
Good
C
2
Centre of group. Suppressed
Fair
Good
Good
B
Poor
Good
Good
C
Centre of group. Suppressed
Poor
Good
Good
B
Small suppressed crown on tall thin stem
Poor
Good
Good
C
Centre of group. Suppressed
Poor
Good
Good
B
395
Sycamore
Acer pseudoplatanus Young
10
2
300
2
2
2
2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
396
397
Scots Pine
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris
19
17
14
15
400
330
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
n/a
15
n/a
n/a
2
n/a
n/a
n/a
398
Sycamore
Acer pseudoplatanus Young
7
3
140
2
2
2
2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
399
400
Scots Pine
Pinus sylvestris
Common Ash Fraxinus excelsior
Mature
Young
19
8
4
3
500
220
2
3
3
0
910
Scots Pine
Mature
19
16
430
2
2
PL
E
3
1
1
3
3
2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
2
2
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
EX
AM
Pinus sylvestris
Mature
Mature
Fair
Fair
Good
B
Suppressed
Poor
Good
Good
B
Poor
Good
Good
C
Small suppressed crown on tall thin stem
Poor
Fair
Good
B
Centre of group. Suppressed. poor visual form
Poor
Good
Good
B
Poor
Good
Good
B
Suppressed crown by neighbour trees
Poor
Good
Good
B
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
2
2
20 to 40
10 to 20
Fair
Fair
RETAIN
RETAIN
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
2
2
20 to 40
>40
Fair
Fair
RETAIN
RETAIN
2
20 to 40
Fair
RETAIN
161
SOUTH GROUP ALONG DRIVEWAY
Sycamore
Acer pseudoplatanus Young
6
3
125
1
2
166
Leyland
Cypress
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Mature
14
6
330
4
3
167
Leyland
Cypress
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Mature
8
2m
330
2
3
168
Leyland
Cypress
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Mature
9
2
230
3
3
169
Leyland
Cypress
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Semimature
8
6
220
1
1
170
Leyland
Cypress
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Semimature
5
2
220
0
0
171
Leyland
Cypress
172
Leyland
Cypress
175
Leyland
Cypress
189
CH
CH
E
S
W
Crown Stem
Cond. Cond
Basal Area
Condition
Category
Sub
Life
Physical Recommenda
Cat. Expectancy Condition tions
Years
0
0
5
5
5
5
Poor
Fair
Fair
U
<10
Poor
Remove
2
2
5
3
3
3
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
10 to 20
Poor
Remove
2
3
2
2
4
2
Trifurcated. Western stem pruned off. decay in stem at base to 1m.
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
10 to 20
Poor
Remove
2
2
2
2
2
2
Missing bark at ground level to 0.5m. decay in stem at 1m
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
10 to 20
Poor
Remove
4
4
4
4
Decay in stem at base to 1m. Suppressed crown. poor visual form
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
<10
Poor
Remove
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Remove. Decay in stem at base to 1m. Suppressed crown on tall thin stem.
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
<10
Poor
Remove
1
0
2
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Decay in stem at base to 1m. Poor visual form. Suppressed crown. remove
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
<10
Poor
Remove
N/a
250
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
<10
Poor
Remove
2
110
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Poor
Good
Good
U
10 to 20
Fair
Remove
5
150
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
suppressed crown by neighbour trees
Poor
Poor
Poor
U
Dead
Remove
Semimature
8
290
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Died as a result of overshadowing by neighbour trees
Poor
Good
Fair
U
<10
Poor
Remove
Pinus sylvestris
Young
7
150
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
<10
Poor
Remove
Pinus sylvestris
Young
7
150
3
3
3
3
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
<10
Poor
Remove
Acer pseudoplatanus Young
7
195
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
<10
Poor
Remove
Pinus sylvestris
7
220
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
<10
Decline
Remove
EX
AM
150
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Young
6
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Semimature
7
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Young
6
Leyland
X Cupressocyparis
Cypress
leylandii
NORTH GROUP ON BOUNDARY
Leyland
X Cupressocyparis
Cypress
leylandii
Young
380
Scots Pine
383
Scots Pine
386
Sycamore
388
Scots Pine
374
CH
PL
E
Trees unaffected by the development proposal for which removal is recommended on safety grounds
Tree Common
Latin Name
Maturity Height First
Stem Crown
Crown
ID No. Name
(m) Branch dia. Spread Sp.
Sp.
Sp. Height
(m)
(mm) North East South West
N
(m)
(m)
Young
3
Heavily suppressed by neighbour trees
Poor
Fair
Fair
U
Suppressed. In decline.
Poor
Fair
Fair
U
Poor
Fair
Good
U
Centre of group. Suppressed in decline
Poor
Poor
Fair
U
Dying due to neighbour trees suppressing crown
Removal required for development
Latin Name
Maturity
Height First
Stem Crown
Crown
(m) Branch dia. Spread Sp.
Sp.
Sp. Height
(m)
(mm) North East South West
N
(m)
(m)
CH
CH
CH
E
S
W
Crown Stem
Cond. Cond
Basal Area
Condition
Category
PL
E
Tree Common
ID No. Name
Sub
Life
Physical Recommend
Cat. Expectancy Condition
Years
186
Plum
Prunus domestica
Semimature
3.5
0.5
130
2
1
1.5
2
1
1
1
1
Fair
Fair
Good
U
1
10 to 20
Fair
187
Cedar of
Lebanon
Cedrus libani
Semimature
11.9
2
290
3
3
2
3
1
2
4
3
Poor
Good
Good
U
2
20 to 40
Fair
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Mature
20
1
580
5
4
4
5
2
4
4
2
Fair
Good
Good
U
2
20 to 40
Fair
176/1 Leyland
Cypress
remove for
development
Remove for
services
Leading stem missing wind broken. Secondary stem compensating. Crown to south absent.
Remove for
services
Crown suppressed to north by a tree which is now missing. Presume felled.
189
Leyland
Cypress
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Young
5
n/a
150
1
1
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
U
Dead
Dead
Remove for
services
Died as a result of overshadowing by neighbour trees
Leyland
Cypress
191
Leyland
Cypress
192
Silver Birch
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Mature
20
1
560
5
4
X Cupressocyparis
leylandii
Young
6.5
n/a
120
1
1
4
5
1
1
1
1
Good
Good
Good
U
2
20 to 40
Good
Remove for
services
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Good
Fair
Good
U
2
20 to 40
Fair
Remove for
services
2
20 to 40
Good
Remove for
services
EX
AM
190
Betula pendula
Semimature
12
3.5
200
2
2
2
2
3
4
Co dominant stems arising near ground level
4
3
Fair
Good
Good
U
Page 25
Tree Contractors - Management Recommendations
E
1. All tree surgery operations are governed by the British Standard 3998, “Recommendations
for Tree Works”. Contractors employed must be required to comply with this standard, and
any future pruning works should be conducted by a fully qualified and fully insured,
reputable arboricultural contractor. Such a contractor should provide evidence of insurance
and qualifications for all classes of tree surgery operations.
2. Contractors employed must follow the formal application procedure for tree works in a
Designated Conservation Area.
PL
3. A method statement and risk assessment should be requested for inspection prior to the
commencement of works.
AM
4. Re-inspections should be conducted annually and it is advised that the timing of tree
inspection timing should be varied for the most comprehensive results. Re-inspections are
scheduled for October 2014.
EX
5. That in the interim period any observance of fungal fruiting bodies (brackets or mushrooms)
should be reported to the Tree Inspector at the earliest opportunity.
Page 26
SURVEY METHODOLOGY
E
Trees have been assessed based on guidance set out within the British Standard 5837: (2012). This
standard provides recommendations and guidance on the principles to be applied to achieve
successful integration of development with trees, shrubs and hedgerows. Where development
(including demolition) is to occur, the standard provides guidance on the approach needed to decide
which trees are suitable for retention, on the means for protecting any trees to be retained during
development (including demolition and construction work) and on the means of incorporating trees
into the developed landscape.
AM
PL
Trees have been divided into one of four categories (based on the cascade chart for tree quality
assessment within the British Standard). These are classed as A, B, C & U (Section 4.5 of British
Standard 5837). This gives an indication as to the tree's importance in relation to the site and the
local landscape and, also, the value and quality of the existing trees on site. This assists informal
decisions concerning which trees should be removed or retained should development occur. For a
tree to qualify under any given category it should fall within the scope of that category's definition
(see below). Categories A, B & C cover trees that should be a material consideration in the
development process, each with three further sub-categories (i, ii, iii) which are intended to reflect
arboricultural, landscape and cultural (nature conservation) values. Category U trees are those which
would be lost in the short term for reasons connected with their physiology or structural condition.
They are for this reason not considered in the planning process. In assigning trees to the A, B or C
categories the presence of any serious disease or tree - related hazards are taken into account. If the
disease is considered fatal and / or irremediable, or likely to require sanitation for the protection of
other trees it may be categorised as U, even if they are otherwise of considerable value.
In the assessment particular consideration has been given to the following when considering the
appropriate British Standard Category and Sub-Category allocation:
The health, vigour and condition of each tree;
The presence of any structural defects in each tree and its remaining contribution in years
(i.e. future life expectancy);
The size and form of each tree and its suitability within the context of a proposed
development for residential land use;
The location of each tree relative to existing site features, e.g. its value as a screen or as a
skyline feature.
EX




Page 27
Category (A) - (Light Green): are trees whose retention is most desirable and are of high quality and
value. These trees are considered to be in such a condition as to be able to make a lasting
contribution (a minimum of 40 years) and may comprise:
(i) Trees which are particularly good examples of their species especially rare or unusual, or
essential components of groups or of formal or semi-formal arboricultural features (e.g. the
dominant and/or principal trees within an avenue);
E
(ii) Trees, groups or woodlands which provide a definite screening or softening effect to the
locality in relation to views into or out of the site, or those of particular visual importance
(e.g. avenues or other arboricultural features assessed as groups);
PL
(iii) Trees or groups or woodlands of significant conservation, historical, commemorative or
other value (eg. Veteran or wood-pasture trees).
Category (B) - (Mid Blue): are trees whose retention is considered desirable and are of moderate
quality and value. These trees are considered to be in such a condition as to make a significant
contribution (a minimum of 20 years) and may comprise:
AM
(i) Trees that might be included in the high category but because of their numbers or slightly
impaired condition (e.g. presence of remediable defects including unsympathetic past
management and minor storm damage), are downgraded in favour of the best individuals;
(ii) Trees present in numbers such that they form distinct landscape features and attract a
higher collective rating than they would as individuals. Individually these trees are not
essential components of formal or semi-formal arboricultural features, or trees situated
mainly internally to the site and have little visual impact beyond the site;
(iii) Trees with clearly identifiable conservation or other cultural benefits.
EX
Category (C) - (Grey): are trees that could be retained and are considered to be of low quality and
value. These trees are in an adequate condition to remain until new planting
could be
established (a minimum of ten years) or are young trees with a stem diameter below 150mm and
may comprise:
(i) Trees not qualifying in higher categories;
(ii) Trees present in groups or woodlands, but without this conferring on them significantly
greater landscape value and or trees offering low or only temporary screening benefit;
(iii) Trees with very limited conservation or other cultural benefits.
Category (U) - (Dark Red): Trees for removal are those trees in such a condition that any existing
value would be lost within 10 years and which should in the current context be removed for reasons
of sound arboricultural management. Trees within this category are:
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(i) Trees that have a serious irremediable, structural defect, such that their early loss is
expected due to collapse, including those that will become unviable after removal of other
category U trees;
(ii) Trees that are dead or are showing signs of significant, immediate or irreversible overall
decline;
E
(iii) Trees infected with pathogens of significance to the health and or/safety of other trees
nearby trees or very low quality trees suppressing adjacent trees of better quality.
PL
Tree Names. In the tree schedule species have been recorded by botanical name and the common
name.
Tree height has been measured in metres.
Stem diameter DBH (mm) Diameter of main stem in millimetres at 1.5 metres at 1.5 metres above
ground level. Where the tree is a multi-stem, the diameter is calculated in accordance with item
4.6.1 of BS 5837:2012.
AM
Crown spread has been measured in metres and given as a radial spread from the stem in one or
more of the corresponding compass points, N, S, E or W.
Crown Base: Lowest branch recorded in metres, the distance from ground and aspect of the
emergence point of the lowest significant branch.
Age class is assessed according to the age class categories referred to in British Standard 5837
(2012).
Y: Young trees up to five years of age. Recently planted or establishing tree that
could be transplanted without specialist equipment, i.e. less than 150 mm DBH.
EX
S/M Semi-mature trees less than 1/3 life expectancy. An established tree, but one
which has not reached its prospective ultimate height..
MA: Middle-Aged, trees 1/3 - 2/3 life expectancy.
M: Mature trees over 2/3 life expectancy. A mature specimen with limited potential
for any significant increase in size, even if healthy. A tree that is reaching its ultimate
potential height, whose growth rate is slowing down but if healthy, will still increase
in stem diameter and crown spread
LM: Late mature - A senescent or moribund specimen with a limited safe useful
life expectancy. Possibly also containing sufficient structural defects with attendant
safety and/or duty of care implications.
V: Veteran status - where a tree possesses certain attributes relating to veteran
trees.
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Life Expectancy: Relates to the prospective life expectancy of the tree and is given as 4 categories:




< 10 years (less than 10 years)
10 - 20 years
20 – 40 years
40 years (greater than 40 years)
E
Tree Condition. The overall condition of the tree, or group of trees, has been referred to as one of
the following.
G Good: A sound tree/trees needing little if any attention.
PL
F Fair: A tree/trees with minor but rectifiable defects or in the early stages of stress,
from which it may recover.
P Poor: A tree/trees with major structural and physiological defects or stressed such
that it would be very expensive and inappropriate to retain.
D Dead: A tree/trees no longer alive. However, this could also apply to those trees
that are dying and will be unlikely to recover, or have become dangerous.
AM
Major defects or diseases and relevant observations have also been recorded under Structural
Condition. The assessment for structural condition has included inspection of the following defects:





EX









The presence of fungal fruiting bodies around the base of the tree or on the
stem, as they could possibly indicate the presence of possible internal decay.
Soil cracks and any heaving of the soil around the base
Any abrupt bends in branches and limbs resulting from past pruning,
Tight or weak 'V' shaped forks and co-dominant stems
Hazard beam formations and other such biomechanical related defects (as
described by Claus Mattheck, Body Language of Trees HMSO Research for
Amenity Trees No. 4 1994)
Cavities as a result of limb losses or past pruning
Broken branches or storm damage
Canker formations
Loose or flaking bark
Damage to roots
Basal, stem or branch / limb cavities
Crown die-back or abnormal foliage size and colour
Any changes to the timing of normal leaf flush and leaf fall patterns
Other pathological diseases affecting any part of the tree
Major defects or diseases and relevant observations have also been recorded. Dead wood has been
defined as the following; Twigs and small branch material Up to 5cm in diameter; Minor dead wood 5cm to 10cm in diameter; Major dead wood - 10cm in diameter and above.
Page 30
Report limitations
Tree inspection reports are subject to limitations and qualifications.
1. The report forms part of the Feasibility and Planning Application and is therefore a predevelopment report.
2. The Report takes reference from BS 5837:2012 Trees in relation to design, demolition and
construction –Recommendations.
E
3. The survey is only concerned with the arboriculture aspects of the site.
PL
4. The report contains Visual Tree Inspections Type 1 on a selected number of trees only. Trees
are categorised as required for Trees in relation to design, demolition and construction and
do not provide detailed individual data on Tree Safety.
5. The statements made in this report do not take account of the effects of extremes of
climate, vandalism or accident, whether physical, chemical or fire.
AM
6. The authority of this report ceases within one year from the date of the survey or when any
site conditions change, soil levels are altered close to trees, tree work undertaken, or
following severe weather occurrences which supersede the current validity of the report.
7. Survey work was carried out from ground level only, with the aid of binoculars. Should
further investigations be required this will be highlighted in the report recommendations.
8. No soil, foliage or root samples were taken for analysis. Should any further investigations be
required this will be highlighted in the report recommendations.
9.
No decay measurements were taken, should any further investigation be required this will
be highlighted in the report recommendations.
EX
10. Remedial tree works in the recommendations will require being in accord with British
Standard 3998: 1989 Tree works.
11. Unless specifically mentioned, the report will only be concerned with above ground
inspections. No below ground inspections will be carried out without the prior
confirmation from the client that such works should be undertaken.
12. The validity, accuracy and findings of this report will be directly related to the accuracy of
the information made available prior to and during the inspection process. No
checking of independent third party data will be undertaken. The Tree Inspector will not be
responsible for the recommendations within this report where essential data are not made
available, or are inaccurate.
13. If alterations to the property or soil levels are carried out, or tree work undertaken, it is
strongly recommended that a new tree inspection be carried out. It will be appreciated, and
Page 31
deemed to be accepted by the client and their insurers, that the formulation of the
recommendations for the management of trees will be guided by the following: 1. The need to avoid reasonable foreseeable damage.
PL
Arboricultural Impact Assessment information
E
 2. The arboricultural considerations - Tree safety, Good Arboricultural practice (tree work)
and Aesthetics. The client and their insurers are deemed to have accepted the limitation
placed on the recommendations by the sources quoted in the attached report. Where
sources are limited by time constraints, or the client, this may lead to an incomplete
quantification of the risk.
The assessment takes into account the effects of any tree loss required to implement the design,
and any potentially damaging activities proposed in the vicinity of retained trees. The activities have
been identified as the installation of a domestic use single track road surface accessing the property.
AM
In addition to the impact of the permanent works, account has been taken of the build-ability of the
scheme in terms of how trees may be affected by access, adequate working space and provision for
the storage of materials during the development.
The location and dimensions of all proposed excavations or changes in ground level, including any
that might arise from the implementation of the recommended mitigation measures has been
assessed.
Tree root protection
EX
Tree root protection distances are calculated using BS5837:2012 recommendations. Where the
precautionary distance is impeded mitigation measures are advocated. In circumstances where a
tree is required to be removed for the design proposal to progress and no alternative is available
trees have been classified as unsuitable for retention.
That the storage of materials for track construction are stored on an area of hard standing and that
no storage of materials, fuel or other material is stored within the rooting zones of trees.
Tree Constraints and Root Protection Area (RPA)
Below ground constraints to future development are represented by the area surrounding the tree
that contains sufficient rooting volume to ensure survival of each tree should it be retained. This is
referred to as the RPA and is shown as a circle of a given radius, calculated using the formula below.
The circle may be modified in shape to maintain a similar total area depending on the presence of
surrounding obstacles. Where groups of trees have been assessed, the RPA has been shown based
on the maximum sized tree in any one group and so would exceed the RPA required for many of the
individual specimens within the group. A RPA is equivalent to a circle with a radius 12x the stem
Page 32
diameter for single stem trees and 10x the basal diameter for trees with more than one stem arising
less than 1.5 metres above ground level.
Table 1: Formula taken from 'Table 2: Calculating the RPA', British Standard 5837 (2012)
RPA (m2) = (stem diameter (mm) x 12 / 1000) 2 x 3.142 This figure should be capped to
707m2, equivalent to a circle with a radius of 15m, or a square with approximately 26m
sides
E
Changes in levels
The access road and the building design require a change in ground levels by 1m at its deepest
point on the North elevation of the proposed building.
AM
PL
Where it is shown that the construction of a boundary wall or dwelling encroaches within the
RPA of a retained tree, the foundations of the wall or dwelling will be designed in such a
manner so as to minimise the detrimental effect of the construction on the tree’s roots. In these
situations any excavations within the RPA of an affected tree will only be undertaken following
exploration of the existing root system with an air spade and the necessary root pruning
undertaken to allow excavation without unnecessary pulling and tearing of the roots to be
retained. This will ensure minimal damage to tree roots where pad and beam or cantilever
foundations are considered appropriate. Should a piling rig be required to create piles, any
access facilitation pruning or felling necessary to allow access must be undertaken before
the commencement of works and only with prior consent of the Local Planning Authority.
If boundary fencing is to be erected within the RPA of retained trees, it is proposed that
the fence posts will be secured by the use of “Met-Posts” or similar design in order to keep
the disturbance and damage of the roots of the trees to a minimum.
Installation and layout of services
EX
It is proposed that underground service runs will be placed as per the photographs shown in the
report.
Overhead services
All routes for overhead services will aim to avoid the trees. Where this is unavoidable, any tree
work will be agreed prior to commencement with the Arboricultural Officer.
All service providers (Statutory Authorities) will be consulted prior to commencement of works
with the aim of minimising the number of service runs on the site.
Demolition of existing buildings and surfaces
Demolition of built structures or manmade surfaces is not within the vicinity of trees, but that
any storage of such material should it arise are stored in the area allocated to the north east of
the building.
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Exposure due to tree removal
E
Wind throw (wind blow) of trees is a consideration when trees are removed. The proportion of
tree removal on site is at a relatively low level and it is anticipated that potentially increased
windblow as a result of the development is not a material consideration. The greater problem
exists with the current structure of the woodland which due to the lack of historic thinning
works has resulted in a tree stock competing for light. Trees are relatively tall and thin, having
upright scaffold limbs making them more vulnerable to windblow than trees which have grown
with the space to develop adequate girth in relation to height.
The relative lack of an understory in the shelter belt should be addressed through shrub underplanting planting that will help in time to create a more wind resistant woodland structure.
Construction site access
PL
The Scottish Windblow Action Committee recognises that severe windstorms around the UK
have become more frequent in the past few decades. A warming climate is predicted to result in
an increased frequency of intense and extreme weather events like storms and droughts. In
2008 a report published by Forest Research on the Impacts of Climate Change on Forestry in
Scotland identified that while wind scenarios have high uncertainty attached, it is likely that
changes in the frequency of extreme winds may cause more wind damage.
AM
Construction vehicles will be accessing the site via the south side from Golf course road. The
access and egress for this operation is via existing hard standing and no new access into the tree
area is necessary. Site access is unencumbered by the Root Protection Areas (RPA) of any trees
to be retained. Therefore, and from a purely arboricultural perspective, it will not be necessary
to install a proprietary temporary load bearing road to protect tree roots.
Construction site layout (offices, parking)
EX
Due to the availability of hard standing around the building no structures or vehicle parking is
required within areas where trees are present. Construction based on the provided layout,
construction of foundations or structural supports do not encroach within the RPA of any trees
to be retained. Therefore from an arboricultural perspective, no specialized construction or
foundation techniques will be required. However, dependent on the soil type, species and
topography, trees may have an influence on the soil beyond their calculated RPA. Given the
proximity of the proposed development to trees adjacent to the proposed building, it is
recommended that a structural engineer is consulted to assess the implications of the tree roots
on the foundations of the building.
The alignment of the new dwellings does not encroach within the RPA of any trees that are to be
retained on site. In view of this, and as assessed in accordance with BS5837:2012, no specialist
foundation designs or construction techniques will be required to prevent damage to tree roots.
Specialist foundations may still be required for other reasons, including mitigating the
influencing distance of tree roots, subject to expert advice from a Structural Engineer.
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Construction site materials storage
Materials will be stored in a designated area at the east side of the building away from trees. The
space for storing (whether temporary or long-term) materials, spoil and fuel and the mixing of
cement and concrete; is accommodated within a designated area.
E
The effects of slope on the movement of potentially harmful liquid spillages towards or into
protected areas have been considered. The trees are predominantly positioned above the site
and where they are at the same level arrangements should be made in the storage area to
ensure no spillages are capable of running into or blown onto tree rooting areas.
PL
Any facilities for the storage of oils, fuels or chemicals shall be sited on impervious bases
and surrounded by impervious bund walls. The volume of the bund compound shall be at
least equivalent to the capacity of the tank plus 10%. If there is a multiple tankage, the
compound shall be at least equivalent to the capacity of the largest tank, or the combined
capacity of interconnected tanks, plus 10%. All filling points, vents, gauges and sight glasses
shall be located within the bund. The drainage system of the bund shall be sealed with no
discharge to any watercourse, land or underground strata. Associated pipework shall be located
above ground and protected from accidental damage. All filling points and tank overflow pipe
outlets shall be detailed to discharge downwards into the bund.
AM
Planting
Formal plantings are not proposed but that should this be a condition of consent it is anticipated
this element of the project will be dealt with at the reserved matters stage.
EX
As stated in BS 5837:2012, regular maintenance of newly planted trees is of particular
importance for at least three years during the critical post-planting period and might,
where required by site conditions, planning requirements or legal agreement, be necessary for
five years or more. Therefore, the designer of the new landscaping should, in conjunction
with the landscape design proposals, prepare a maintenance schedule covering this period,
and appropriate arrangements made for its implementation.
Landscape Implications
There are no landscape implications in relation to trees.
Wildlife
None of the trees on site were suitable for bat roosts. All tree works should be conducted out
with the period mid-march till early October to ensure that no birds’ nests are present.
Tree Surgery
All tree work will be agreed with the Local Planning Authority and will be carried out in line
with BS 3998:2010 (Recommendations for Tree Works). Any alterations to the proposed
schedule of works will be agreed with the Arboricultural Officer prior to commencement of
works.
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Monitoring
In accordance with item 6.3 of BS 5837:2012, the site and associated development should
be monitored regularly by a competent Arboriculturist to ensure that the arboricultural aspects
of the planning permission are complied with.
Post Development Implications
PL
E
The design of the development, together with the orientation of the site is such that matters
involving retained trees (e.g. privacy, screening, direct damage, future pressure for removal)
are not considered to be significant issues. The development is designed to minimise the
potential impact of shading from trees, with all the principle living areas and associated
fenestration being biased away from retained trees, therefore maximizing the benefits of the
potential sunlight.
In order to provide a systematic, consistent and transparent evaluation of the trees included
within this survey, they have been assessed and categorised in accordance with the method
detailed in item 4.3 of BS 5837:2012 “Trees in Relation to Design, Demolition and
Construction - Recommendations”.
AM
Prior to the commencement of construction and immediately after the completion of the
necessary tree surgery and felling work, protective fencing will be erected on site. This must be
fit for purpose (including any ground protection if necessary) in full accordance with the
requirements of BS 5837:2012 and positioned as shown on the attached Preliminary
Arboricultural Implication Assessment & Tree Protection drawing.
Due to the dynamic nature of trees and their interaction with the environment, their health and
structural integrity is liable to change over time. Because of this it is recommended that all trees
on or adjacent to the site be inspected on an annual basis.
EX
This will include the following: fencing type, ground protection measures, “no dig”
surfacing, access facilitation pruning specification and an extensive auditable monitoring
schedule.
Tree surgery should be completed as detailed in the Schedule of Trees. Where this has been
identified for reasons other than to permit development, this work should be completed within
the advised timescales.
The tree surgery works proposed as part of this Survey are recommended to mitigate any
identified problems that may be caused by trees in close proximity to the proposed
development. To this end, should these recommendations be overruled, this Survey stands as
the opinion of The Tree Inspector, and therefore any damage or injury caused by trees
recommended by this practice for felling or tree surgery works, to which the proposed
schedule of works has been altered or the tree has been requested to be retained by the Local
Planning Authority, cannot be the responsibility of this practice.
Page 36
References
British Standards Institute. (2010). Recommendations for Tree Work BS 3998:2010 BSI, London.
British Standards Institute. (2012). Trees in Relation to Design, Demolition and Construction –
Recommendations BS5837:2012BSI, London.
Tree Preservation Orders, A Guide to the Law and Good Practice (2005). Department for
Communities and Local Government
E
Lonsdale D. (1999). Research for Amenity Trees No 7: Principles of Tree Hazard Assessment and
Management, HMSO, London.
PL
Mattheck & Breloer H. (1994). Research for Amenity Trees No.4: The Body Language of Trees,
HMSO, London.
NHBC Standards (2007) Chapter 4.2 ‘Building Near Trees’. National House-Building Council.
NJUG 4 Guidelines for the planning, installation and maintenance of utility apparatus in proximity to
trees. Issued 16 November 2007.
STROUTS R.G. & WINTER T.G. (1984), Diagnosis of ill health in trees, HMSO Publications, London
AM
SHIGO A.L. (1991), Modern Arboriculture, Shigo and Trees Associates
Sources of Information
Hazards from Trees – A General Guide ISBN 0-85538-514-6
Tree Felling – Getting Permission
Forestry Commission and free to download from their website www.forestry.gov.uk
EX
Trees and the Law ISBN 0-900978-15-5 Published by the Arboricultural Association Tel:
01794 68717
Institute of Chartered Foresters Tel: 0121 225 2705
Page 37
BS 5837:2012 Terms and Definitions
Access Facilitation Pruning: One-off tree pruning operation, the nature and effects of which are
without significant adverse impact on tree physiology or amenity value, which is directly necessary
to provide access for operations on site.
E
Arboricultural Method Statement: Methodology for the implementation of any aspect of
development that is within the root protection area, or has the potential to result in loss of or
damage to a tree to be retained.
Arboriculturist: Person who has, through relevant education, training and experience, gained
expertise in the field of trees in relation to construction.
PL
Competent Person: Person who has training and experience relevant to the matter being addressed
and an understanding of the requirements of the particular task being approached.
NOTE - a competent person is expected to be able to advise on the best means by which the
recommendations of this British Standard may be implemented.
Construction Exclusion Zone: Area based on the root protection area from which access is
prohibited for the duration of a project.
AM
Root Protection Area (RPA) Layout design tool indicating the minimum area around a tree deemed
to contain sufficient roots and rooting volume to maintain the tree’s viability, and where the
protection of the roots and soil structure is treated as a priority.
Service Any above or below ground structure or apparatus required for utility provision.
NOTE. - Examples include drainage, gas supplies, ground source heat pumps, CCTV and satellite
communications.
Stem: Principal above ground structural component(s) of a tree that supports its branches.
EX
Structure: Manufactured object, such as a building, carriageway, path, wall, service run, and built or
excavated earthwork.
Minimum distance: This is a distance equal to 12 times the diameter of the tree measured at 1.5
metres above ground level for single stemmed trees and 12 times the average diameter of the
tree measured at 1.5 metres above ground level tree for multi stemmed specimens. (BS 5837:2012,
section 4.6).
RPA: This is the Root Protection Area, measured in square metres and defined in BS5837:2012 as
“a layout design tool indicating the minimum area around a tree deemed to contain sufficient
roots and rooting volume to maintain the tree’s viability, and where the protection of the roots and
soil structure is treated as a priority”. The RPA is shown on the drawing. Ideally this is an area around
the tree that must be kept clear of construction, level changes of construction operations. Some
methods of construction can be carried out within the RPA of a retained tree but only if approved by
the Local Planning Authority’s tree officer.
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Project Contact Details
E
The Environment Service
Perth & Kinross Council
Pullar House
35 Kinnoull Street
Perth
PH1 5DG
EX
AM
Agent
PL
Applicant
Page 39
Planning Guidance for tree owners
The local Planning Authority is Perth and Kinross Council. If the trees are protected written
permission is required to remove them, or to do any tree surgery. Tree contractors can
usually apply for work to protected trees on standard forms. A decision is usually received
within 6 weeks.
For Conservation Areas the applicant must provide written notice 6 weeks in advance of
intention to carry out work. For other planning conditions a similar period is advisable.
E
If an applicant wishes to remove trees, they may be required to plant replacements.
PL
Any tree is eligible for protection, regardless of age, species or size. But no trees are
automatically protected. There are three normal ways in which a tree or woodland might
have some been given some sort of legal protection:
AM
1. A Tree Preservation Order (TPO) has been made at some time to cover that tree, group
of trees or woodland.
2. A planning condition has been made at some time to cover the area a tree is located
within, e.g. –Townscape Protection Area or as a result of development consent.
3. The tree is within a Conservation Area (in fact, this one is not strictly protection but
merely requires that the owner gives notice to the council of their intention to do
works).
The landowner is still responsible for the trees, their condition and any damage they might
cause at all times.
Details of Orders, applications for work and decisions are kept by the local authority and
should be available for public inspection.
EX
A landowner is also served notice if a new order is made on their land. It is normal, but not
required, for other interested parties (for example neighbours, parish councils etc) to be
sent copies of new orders too. There is no requirement for applications to do work to
protected trees to be advertised, although many authorities choose to do so.
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Liability for Hazardous Trees
The owner and/or occupier of land upon which trees stand is generally liable for any loss or
damage resulting from falling branches or from the falling of the tree itself. Falling branches
have resulted in deaths and serious road accidents. If there is any doubt about the status or
ownership of land containing trees; landowners are strongly advised to clarify the situation
as a matter of urgency.
E
Legislation
Under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, all occupiers have responsibilities to ensure
the safety of those not in their employment. “Occupier” is generally taken to mean any
person occupying or having control of premises, in this case land.
PL
In addition, occupiers have duties under the Occupiers Liability Act 1984. This states (s2) that
the occupier owes a “common law duty of care” to visitors and those who enter this land or
premises and this duty of care extends to trespassers.
Liability of tree Owners
Occupiers must take reasonable steps to manage and reduce risk and these steps include
regular inspections of trees to identify those that might cause injury or place property at
risk. When hazardous trees are identified suitable remedial action must be taken to reduce
risk.
AM
The Courts expect owners in control of places where the public has access, such as parks and
gardens, to take greater care than those in control of more remote woodland. In addition,
the Courts expect occupiers to be prepared for children to behave less carefully than adults
and thus consideration must be given to whether children might suffer injury from climbing
trees which may have weak or damaged branches.
Occupiers are also advised to ensure that any person carrying out work on their trees is
competent and holds adequate Public Liability insurance that covers both contractor and the
public against any unforeseen consequence of the work.
EX
Local Authorities
Local Authorities have certain powers to deal with dangerous trees that overhang the
highway. They can give notice to the owner requiring them to cut or prune the tree. If the
owner fails to comply the Authority may carry out the work and charge the owner.
(Highways Act).
Local Authorities retain control of trees that are covered by Tree Preservation Orders.
Inspections
It is essential that a planned inspection programme is established which ensures trees are
inspected as often as is necessary. Inspections must only be undertaken by a suitably
experienced and competent person and should lead to the carrying out of a risk assessment.
Inspections can be made at any time of the year and varied from year to year. The initial
visual inspection may indicate that more detailed examination is required. The inspection
should include the entire tree, not just those parts that appear in a poor condition or in
danger of falling.
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There cannot be specific guidance on the frequency of inspections since it is entirely
dependent upon risk. Inspections should concentrate on those areas where there is a
significant risk to persons or property. Such locations would include woodland containing
paths and recreational areas or adjacent to a public highway or thoroughfare. In such
locations there might need to be regular inspections after any period of severe weather in
addition to an annual inspection. However, where there is limited risk e.g. in remote areas
where there is little public access the frequency of inspection can be reduced.
E
Risk Assessment
The risk assessment should consider the following:
Location of the tree in relation to people, property and adjacent thoroughfares.
Species of tree – some are better able to withstand decay.
The nature and type of decay or fungal attack if present.
PL
Risk Control
There are several control methods in addition to tree works that can be used to reduce the
risk. Modifying usage by re-routing paths and walkways or moving car parks or recreational
facilities.
AM
Tree surgery
Crown reduction, crown cleaning, crown thinning, bracing, propping or felling, are a range of
management options. The most appropriate action will depend upon the circumstances. If
the tree is of no significant value then felling may be a suitable option. However, if the tree
is of great value e.g. a specimen, one of historical significance or part of a wildlife habitat
then re-routing of adjacent footpaths may be the more suitable approach.
Over Hanging Branches
It is well established in law that neighbours have a legal right to trim overhanging branches
(and roots) however they must return the cut branches. But they are under no obligation to
consider any effect of the tree from their pruning e.g. unbalancing the tree. Thus occupiers
are strongly advised to liaise with neighbours and offer to prune so as to avoid the risk of
inappropriate action being taken.
EX
Tree Felling
It is a criminal offence to fell trees without first having obtained the necessary licence from
the forestry Commission. There are certain exceptions to this requirement that include, but
are not limited, to the following:
Small trees (as defined)
Trees in gardens
Trees in certain locations such as designated open spaces
Trees that need to be felled to prevent danger
Key Action Steps
If you are in control of land that contains trees then you should:
Secure competent advice
Set up a regular programme of inspection
Take remedial action as necessary
Page 42
Wildlife Legislation
The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 consolidates and amends existing national legislation to
implement the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern
Convention) and Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the Conservation of Wild Birds (Birds Directive) in
Great Britain. It is complimented by the Wildlife and Countryside (Service of Notices) Act 1985,
which relates to notices served under the 1981 Act, and the Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.)
Regulations 1994 (as amended), which implement Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation
of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (EC Habitats Directive).
PL
E
The Act received royal assent on 30 October 1981 and was brought into force in incremental steps.
Amendments to the Act have occurred, the most recent being the Countryside and Rights of Way
(CRoW) Act 2000 (in England and Wales) and the Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 (in
Scotland). There is also a statutory five-yearly review of Schedules 5 and 8 (protected wild animals
and plant respectively), undertaken by the country agencies and co-ordinated by the Joint Nature
Conservation Committee. Containing four Parts and 17 Schedules, the Act covers protection of
wildlife (birds, and some animals and plants), the countryside, National Parks, and the designation of
protected areas, and public rights of way.
AM
The Act makes it an offence (with exception to species listed in Schedule 2) to intentionally kill,
injure, or take any wild bird or their eggs or nests. Special penalties are available for offences related
to birds listed on Schedule 1, for which there are additional offences of disturbing these birds at
their nests, or their dependent young.
EX
The Act makes it an offence (subject to exceptions) to intentionally kill, injure, or take, possess, or
trade in any wild animal listed in Schedule 5, and prohibits interference with places used for shelter
or protection, or intentionally disturbing animals occupying such places.
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EX
AM
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