Public financial flows in the Culture and Recreational Services

Transcription

AA. VV.
Italy according to the Regional Public Accounts (RPA)
Monographs, 2013 edition
Public financial flows in the
Culture and Recreational Services Sector
The Region of Piemonte
The publication was co‐financed by the European Union ‐ ERDF, NOP (Italy’s National Operational Programme) Governance and Technical Assistance 2007‐2013 ‐ Operational Objective I.6 ‐ Project "Consolidation, promotion and dissemination of Regional Public Accounts ‐ Beneficiary Studiare Sviluppo s.r.l.
Public financial flows in the Culture and Recreational Services Sector - The Region of Piemonte
The Regional RPA Monographs project entitled:
Italy according to the Regional Public Accounts
Public financial flows in the Italian regions
presents the analysis of the financial expenditure and revenue flows for the entire Public
Sector for each region at two-year intervals, using the data contained in the Regional Public
Accounts (RPA) database.
The 2013 edition is the fourth after the launch of the project and provides an in-depth
analysis of Cultural and Recreational Services, a strategic sector for the development of the
regions, which deserves considerable attention on the part of policy makers.
The process of information reconstruction, with reference to the period 2000-2011, is based
on the detection of expenditure values, from RPA sources, through the involvement of the
different entities on the regional territory, belonging both to the General Government and to
National or Local Public Enterprises.
The statistical data of the Regional Public Accounts were integrated with sectorial information
from Istat and MIBACT sources, referring to physical and context data, which make it
possible to reconstruct a broader perspective on the supply and demand for cultural goods
and services.
For the first time, in this edition, individual study sheets were published exclusively online, as
they were conceived from the outset as a comment of data and indicators through interactive
dynamic views (Vislet), made with CPT eXplorer, a web application for the geovisualisation of
statistical information.
The monographs, further enriched by national level analysis, adhere to the methodological
and institutional procedures of the Regional Public Accounts project. The data were updated
in April 2013.
The 2013 RPA monograph was drafted by the
Regional Team of Regional Public Accounts of the Region of Piemonte The Regional Team of Piemonte Regional Public Accounts works in the Budget and Asset
Department - General Accounting Sector and consists of:
Sergio Rolando, manager;
Fausto Pavia, coordinator;
Monica Braghin;
Maria Pia Di Cosmo;
Maria Fierro;
Angelo Zuffrano.
It relies on the Scientific and Technical Assistance of Prof. Enrico Sorano of the University of
Turin - School of Management and Economics - Department of Economics and Business
Management, jointly with Dr. Milena Bessone and Dr. Daniela Cappa, as collaborators of the
Regional Team of the Regional Public Accounts.
The authors of the monograph are the components of the Regional Team, with the constant
support of the Technical and Scientific Assistance service.
The authors wish to thank the Regional Council Cabinet Presidency Directorate, Internal
Audit sector and the Culture, Tourism and Sport Directorate for their collaboration.
The interactive version of the 2013 edition of the RPA Monographs is available at the
following address:
http://www.dps.gov.it/opencms/opencms/it/cpt/Le_pubblicazioni/Le_Monografie_CPT/La_Monografia_2013/index.html Public financial flows in the Culture and Recreational Services Sector - The Region of Piemonte
ContentsoftheMonograph
How much was spent How much was invested 10 Additional Resources 12 What investment projects 14 Which expenditure entities 16 How spending was allocated 18 Demand, supply, use 21 Spending vs Demand and Use 23 Spending vs supply 26 Future outlook 28 7 Public financial flows in the Culture and Recreational Services Sector - The Region of Piemonte
Howmuchwasspent
Between 2000 and 2011, the percentage share of expenditure in the Culture and
Recreational Services sector in total public expenditure in Italy fell from 1.5 to 0.9 per cent,
while for Piemonte this share was 1.3 per cent at the beginning of the period down to 0.8 per
cent at the end of the period. The reduction is even more marked for capital expenditure,
which was almost halved over the reference period: indeed, it amounted to 5.7 per cent of
total capital expenditure in 2000, and subsequently, after rising in 2005 to 7.4 per cent, it
fell to 3.8 per cent in 2011.
In terms of per capita values, there is a widespread tendency to decrease cultural spending,
both at national level and in Piemonte, where expenditure fell from EUR 152.57 in 2000 to
EUR 111.91 in 2011, with a cyclical trend along the declining tendency. There was a growth
phase in 2004-2005, followed by a drop in 2006-2007, and then a new increase in 20082009. The two macro components of sector spending in Piemonte are subject to different
trends: current expenditure decreased from EUR 96.62 per capita in 2000 to EUR 76.51 in
2011 and, unlike other regions, it is worth noting that current expenditure levels increased in
2008 and then settled at slightly lower values than at the start of the decade.
Capital expenditure decreased from EUR 56.05 per capita in 2000 to EUR 35.40 in 2011, with
a very marked peak in 2005 (over EUR 100 per capita) and a marked downward trend in
subsequent years. The peak in 2005, which also affected total expenditure, is attributable to
the organisation and preparatory work for the Winter Olympic Games in Turin in 2006.
Figure 1 -
PS - Total expenditure by region
Source: Data based on the Regional Public Accounts (RPA) database
7
Table 1 -
PS - Total expenditure by region
Figure 2 -
PS - Total expenditure in the cultural sector by macro category in the
region
180,0
160,0
140,0
120,0
100,0
80,0
60,0
40,0
20,0
,0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total expenditure
Current expenditure
8
Table 2 -
PS - Total expenditure in the cultural sector by macro category in the
region
Definitions Used
Total expenditure in the Culture and Recreational Services sector refers to the Public
Sector (PS) reference universe and is measured net of:
• interest expenses;
• corrective and compensatory revenue entries;
• equity holdings and contributions;
• granting of loans.
Data are expressed in constant 2005 euro per capita. The population used is the
annual average published by ISTAT in November 2012. RPA data are deflated using
the GDP deflator published by ISTAT in November 2012.
9
Howmuchwasinvested
Capital expenditure in the Culture and Recreational Services sector in the region of Piemonte
is the smallest component of total public expenditure; nevertheless, it is important in the
medium-long term as the basis for future developments and prospective implementation of
regional government programming activities. Public expenditure in culture had a downward
trend in the period 2000-2011, which was more marked in the capital account component (4,1 per cent in the annual average) than in current expenditure (-2.1 per cent in the annual
average). During the decade however, capital expenditure trends varied: the growth in 2000
to 2005 was followed by a decreasing trend from 2006, especially after 2008, due to
widespread spending cuts and the scarcity of available resources.
At national level, capital expenditure in the Culture and Recreational Services sector fell
sharply in all regions between 2000 and 2011 with the exception of Valle d'Aosta and Friuli
Venezia Giulia. The reduction was particularly pronounced in the regions where per capita
capital expenditure was higher in 2000 (Umbria, Marche, Toscana, Basilicata, Molise, EmiliaRomagna, and Abruzzo, with the exception of Lazio). Consequently, in 2011 regional
differences in the levels of capital expenditure provided in culture were very low. Despite the
capital expenditure component reduction being sharper than the decline in current
expenditure, its impact on total public expenditure in the Culture and Recreational Services
sector remains higher at national level than for all sectors. The share of capital expenditure
in culture fell from 30.3 per cent in 2000 to 24.1 per cent in 2011, while the corresponding
values for public spending as a whole decreased from 10.5 per cent in 2000 to 7.7 per cent
in 2011. Piemonte recorded higher values than the national average in terms of percentage
share of capital in total expenditure provided by the Public Sector in culture, with end of
period values not falling below 30 per cent, while spending at all other institutional levels
declined, except for Local Public Enterprises.
Figure 3 -
PS - Capital expenditure by region
10
Table 3 -
PS - Capital expenditure by region
Figure 4 -
PS - Capital expenditure in the region’s cultural sector
120,00
100,00
80,00
60,00
40,00
20,00
0,00
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Table 4 -
PS - Capital expenditure in the region’s cultural sector
Definitions Used
Capital expenditure in the Culture
and Recreational Services sector refers to the Public
Sector (PS) reference universe and is measured net of:
Data are expressed in constant 2005 euro per capita. The population used is the annual
average published by ISTAT in November 2012. RPA data are deflated using the GDP
deflator published by ISTAT in November 2012.
11
AdditionalResources
In Piemonte, in the last three years, additional resources contributed on average 9.3 per
cent on capital expenditure provided by the Public Sector in the Culture and Recreational
Services sector. These resources include both the European Structural Funds (Fondi
Strutturali) and the Development and Cohesion Fund (Fondo di Sviluppo e Coesione) and are
allocated to the regions proportionately to their level of economic and social development.
The challenge is to make the best use of available additional resources, implementing
programmes useful for regional progress and innovation, to be fully exploited by the
productive fabric of the Region of Piemonte. The Regional Council set the guidelines for the
integrated programming of additional resources in the context of regional cohesion policy for
the period 2007-2013; the development of the cultural system in Piemonte has the
prerequisite of developing a shared project with local authorities, an approach which can
improve the quality of the offer. In this programming context, interventions are planned for
the enhancement of the cultural and environmental heritage to promote the attractiveness of
Piemonte to tourists and to network the regionally significant cultural heritage for best use.
Interventions funded by cohesion policy consist of supporting infrastructure initiatives to
increase awareness and appreciation of the cultural heritage to promote socio-economic
development and in particular of sustainable tourism, through the recovery, revitalisation
and networking of regional attractors. Funded interventions are also aimed at encouraging
innovation in the field of culture and the development of new enterprises, with a view to
national and international promotion of the regional territory. The objectives of the regional
programming funded by the Development and Cohesion Fund for the period 2007-2013
include the development of a quality offer in the country, through demolition, restoration and
installation interventions on particularly significant assets, so that they may become tourist
attractors for non-residents as well; the enhancement of the historical-artistic, architectural
and museum assets of excellence that bear witness to the history of a particular region; the
consolidation of the Savoy Residence circuit and preservation of the cultural heritage through
system actions.
Figure 5 -
PS - Capital expenditure by regional source of funding
Piemonte
120,00
100,00
80,00
60,00
40,00
20,00
0,00
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Additional Resources
2007
2008
Ordinary expenditure
2009
2010
2011
Source: Data based on the Regional Public Accounts (RPA) database, Monit and Unitary Monitoring
System (SF data published on OpenCoesione)
12
Table 5 -
PS - Capital expenditure by regional source of funding
Source: Data based on the Regional Public Accounts (RPA) database, Monit and Unitary Monitoring
System (SF data published on OpenCoesione)
Definitions Used
Additional Resources refer to all European Union Structural Funds, with reference to
the 2000-2006 and 2007-2013 programming periods and its co-financing, as well as
resources relating to the Development and Cohesion Fund - DCF. Ordinary expenditure
is the difference between the capital account expenditure of the Public Sector (PS)
reference universe extracted from the RPA database and Additional Resources as
defined above. Capital account expenditure in the Cultural sector refers to the PS and
is measured net of:
•
•
equity holdings and contributions;
granting of loans.
Data are expressed in constant 2005 euro per capita. The population used is the
annual average published by ISTAT in November 2012. RPA data are deflated using
the GDP deflator published by ISTAT in November 2012.
13
Whatinvestmentprojects
The major investment projects carried out in the Region of Piemonte in the cultural sector
focus on the features of excellence and characteristics of the region. There follows a brief
summary of the four major initiatives.
•
The National Automobile Museum Carlo Biscaretti di Ruffia intervention in Turin
(EUR 19 million, co-financed by the European Structural Funds) provides for the radical
restructuring of the existing building, and the complete transformation of its interior
layout and exhibition itinerary. The work is divided into the restructuring and
rehabilitation of buildings, the restoration and the safety of architectural elements and
works of art, the redevelopment and enhancement of parks and open spaces, the
installation of facilities and structural and multimedia installations of exhibition spaces.
•
The restoration of the Monumental Complex of the Venaria Reale Palace (EUR 21
million, of which 7 co-financed by European Structural Funds) was the largest cultural
heritage yard in Europe. The intervention restored the Baroque magnificence of the
complex that inspired it in the middle of the Seventeenth Century and re-established
the Palace as a symbol of modernity and culture. The restoration aimed to increase the
attractive potential of the Palace and the Venaria Reale Gardens, by providing an
increase in the flow of cultural tourism and a greater economic impact on the City of
Venaria Reale. Venaria Reale, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is at the heart
of the Royal Residence circuit in Piemonte and is connected to the Royal Centre and the
concentric museum system in Turin.
•
The Redevelopment of the Museo del Risorgimento (EUR 5 million, co-funded by
European Structural Funds) originally aimed to reopen the Museum for the celebrations
of the 150th anniversary of the Unification of Italy. The project provided the public with
a renewed museum layout, bringing existing installations up to standard, removing
architectural barriers, adopting ergonomic solutions based on the age of the visitors.
Nowadays, the new Museum layout provides different itineraries, depending on time
available and the interest in deepening the proposed themes.
•
In the Complex of the former Officine Grandi Riparazioni (EUR 3 million, cofinanced by European Structural Funds) the main purpose of investment was the
enhancement of building safety and reuse, aimed at promoting and strengthening
potential synergies between protection, enhancement of the environment and natural
assets and productive system growth. The renovation interventions carried out helped
transform the complex into an exhibition centre and the main office in Turin and
Piemonte for the celebrations of 150 years of Italian Unity.
•
The museographic and multimedia development of the Regional Museum of
Natural Sciences (about EUR 5 million, co-financed by European Structural Funds) is
part of the overall programme for re-launching Museum activities, and enhancing its
role in the international network of institutions aiming at the conservation and
enhancement of natural and scientific collections and in the overall restoration and
redeployment process of the structure that houses it.
14
Definitions Used
The projects were selected based on specific information in the hands of the RPA
Regional Teams or extracted from OpenCoesione (Unitary Monitoring System, with
reference to the 2007-2013 programming period). In both cases, the projects were
selected based on the level of expenditure or strategic importance for the development
of the sector on the national territory and are therefore more significant in terms of
local policies.
15
Whichexpenditureentities
The percentage expenditure delivered by each level of government on total expenditure in
the Culture and Recreational Services sector in Piemonte has evolved in the last decade, in
the context of a general contraction of total sector expenditure. The government levels that
decreased the most their spending in the sector include Central Government (CG), with an
average annual variation of -6.3 per cent and Local Authorities (LA), whose expenditure
decreased at an annual average rate of -2.7 per cent. These administrations are still the
main funding providers of the cultural system throughout the reference period, with a share
of spending delivered in 2011 equal to 48 per cent for Local Authorities and 25 per cent for
Central Government. Conversely, the flow of expenditure provided by Local Public
Enterprises (LPE) displayed a growing trend between 2000 and 2011, equal to an average
annual rate of 8.5 per cent with higher absolute values at the end of the period than
Regional Administration (RA) spending.
At national level, there were some general differences in the roles of government levels
providing funds. In Northern regions, Local Public Enterprises play a significant role in
culture, while the share of expenditure by Central Government is very small compared to
Local Authority spending, and, from 2004, it was also lower than Local Public Enterprises
spending. Among the Local Public Enterprises, cultural foundations of regional and local level
play a major role. In Piemonte, these are the main stakeholders in the regional cultural
system. In Piemonte, in 2011, there were twelve cultural foundations with a majority holding
by public authorities, which provided about 76.2 per cent of expenditure in culture by Local
Public Enterprises and rank sixth in terms of the same percentages in other regions of Italy;
Piemonte Foundations provide approximately 12 per cent of total public regional culture
expenditure. Lest we forget, the active role of the private sector in the form of both banking
foundations, which contribute to cultural progress and increase citizens’ awareness of
initiatives and cultural events, and the multitude of non-profit organisations and
associations, indicative of the community's interest in cultural and artistic events. The role of
these entities is essential, especially in the general context of public sector crisis and lack of
resources, because they can foster the implementation of a set of actions at zero cost to
public finances, aimed at improving the status of the cultural system in Piemonte and more
generally at enhancing the resources of the regional territory and promoting their use. These
actions could help restore the role of the cultural sector, finalise resources, promote a
partnership approach, adopt innovative support tools and develop the territorial scale. The
implementation of good practices to enhance construction methods and project support to
establish a new cultural paradigm for the future seems all the more urgent.
16
Figure 6 -
PS - Total expenditure in the cultural sector by type of expenditure
entity in the region
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
0%
20%
40%
CG
60%
LA
RA
80%
100%
LPE
Table 6 -
PS - Total expenditure in the cultural sector by type of expenditure
entity in the region
Definitions Used
The reference universe used is the Public Sector (PS) and is divided by type of
expenditure entity, including:
• Central Government (CG);
• Regional Administrations (RA);
• Local Authorities (LA);
• Local Public Enterprises (LPE).
National Public Enterprises are not included as they do not carry out activities in this
sector. Total expenditure in the Culture and Recreational Services sector is measured
net of:
17
Howspendingwasallocated
In the period 2000-2011, expenditure in the Culture and Recreational Services sector in
Piemonte was substantially stable relative to staff costs, with an average per capita value
around EUR 18. Even the purchase of goods and services, with the exception of the reduction
in 2006, did not diverge significantly from the average for the period of approximately EUR
30 per capita. Conversely, investment spending was highly variable, and affected the total
expenditure trend, with a positive peak in 2005 (when expenditure per capita amounted to
EUR 63.03) and a substantial reduction with a minimum in 2010, equal to a value of EUR
23.70 per capita. The main expenditure entities are Local Authorities, followed by Central
Government, Local Public Enterprises and the Regional Administration. With reference to
Local Authorities, between the beginning and the end of the period in question there was a
decrease in the main expenditure items. Staff costs decreased from EUR 8.44 per capita in
2000 to EUR 7.57 in 2011. The purchase of goods and services fell from EUR 21.21 in the
first year to EUR 15.30 in the last. Investments fell from EUR 33.12 to EUR 20.39.
The role of the Local Public Enterprises as cultural expenditure entities in Piemonte increased
substantially during the decade, with a share of sector spending increasing from 5.1 per cent
in 2000 to 17.1 per cent in 2011. The composition of expenditure of these enterprises seems
particularly important, with more marked growth trends in the investment component and in
staff costs, with absolute values which were higher at the end of the period than those
registered by Regional Administration and Central Government.
At national level, the allocation of expenditure by main economic categories is differentiated
by region; in Northern regions, staff costs are around EUR 25 per capita for the whole
decade, investments amounted to about EUR 30 per capita and the purchase of goods and
services was about EUR 40 per capita. The situation in Central regions is very different: the
purchase of goods and services increased exponentially since 2005, reaching EUR 71 per
capita in 2011. In the South, both staff costs and the purchase of goods and services were
around EUR 20 per capita throughout the rest of the decade. Central Government
expenditure is high in the Centre, amounting to about EUR 60 per capita due to the
consistent concentration in the Lazio Region, while in the North, cultural expenditure is
predominantly provided by Local Authorities.
Figure 7 -
PS - Total expenditure in the cultural sector in the region and several
economic categories
70,00
60,00
50,00
40,00
30,00
20,00
10,00
0,00
2000
2001
2002
2003
Staff costs
2004
2005
2006
2007
Purchases of goods and services
18
2008
2009
Investments
2010
2011
Table 7 -
PS - Total expenditure in the cultural sector in the region and several
economic categories
Region
Economic category
01 ‐ Piemonte
Staff costs
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
15,83
19,80
17,95
17,61
17,29
17,94
19,25
18,47
18,64
17,69
17,64
17,50
01 ‐ Piemonte Purchases of goods and services
33,39
33,58
34,16
29,80
32,77
33,00
26,63
31,31
32,10
33,57
32,31
30,66
01 ‐ Piemonte
46,36
37,15
37,56
43,84
54,98
63,03
39,60
40,98
36,82
34,98
23,70
26,43
Investments
Figure 8 -
PS - Total expenditure in the cultural sector by several economic
categories and type of expenditure entity in the region
70,00
60,00
50,00
40,00
30,00
20,00
10,00
0,00
2000‐2002 2009‐2011 2000‐2002 2009‐2011 2000‐2002 2009‐2011 2000‐2002 2009‐2011
average average average average average average average average
CG
Staff costs
LA
RA
Purchases of goods and services
Source: Data based on the Regional Public Accounts (RPA) data
19
LPE
Investments
Table 8 -
PS - Total expenditure in the cultural sector by several economic
categories and type of expenditure entity in the region
Source: Data based on the Regional Public Accounts (RPA) data
Definitions Used
The reference universe used is the Public Sector (PS) and is divided by type of
expenditure entity, including:
• Central Government (CG);
• Regional Administrations (RA);
• Local Authorities (LA);
• Local Public Enterprises (LPE).
National Public Enterprises are not included as they do not carry out activities in this
sector. The Economic Categories included (which represent, at the national level, about
70 per cent of total expenditure) are:
• Staff costs;
• Purchase of goods and services;
• Investments.
20
Demand,supply,use
Household spending on cultural and recreational activities ranks first in Piemonte compared
to the average for the North, Centre, and South throughout the reference period and, in
2010, it amounted to 8.8 per cent of total expenditure in final consumption. In the last
decade, cultural participation has grown in all cultural and recreational areas (with the
exception of sports practice and clubs), even if the growth rates were lower than the national
average. The best performances in recent years were reported especially in the cultural
heritage sector (museums, monuments, exhibitions). In this specific sector of museum
access, there was a real boom mainly due to the presence of hikers and tourists and the
loyalty of a pre-existing public rather than an expansion of the customer base of citizens
trying this new experience. Overall, 1.5 million citizens in Piemonte stated they had seen a
show or visited a museum in 2012. Compared to other regions, Piemonte ranks fourth for
visits to museums and exhibitions. In the last ten years, theatres saw a consistent number of
tickets sold, while classical music concerts almost doubled the number of tickets sold, from
123,000 in 2000 to 233,000 in 2011, compared to a very small increase in the participation
rate in absolute terms. Ticket sales thus increased, but the customer base, which has the
characteristics of a niche, remained substantially unchanged.
Cultural demand by the population in Piemonte has a positive trend, which, at the end of the
reference period, raised the region above the national average, in eighth place of the ranking
of the regions in terms of the synthetic index of use. Cultural heritage demand increased
exponentially in Piemonte in the last decade, thanks both to a season of substantial
investment and sector policies that significantly improved physical and intangible facets of
the cultural sector. The challenge is to maintain and strengthen the cultural offering in
Piemonte and its attractiveness at both national and European level, in spite of a cyclical
situation characterised by lack of resources and progressive decrease of public intervention
in the sector.
Table 9 -
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Some physical indicators relating to the sector
Source: ISTAT - Noi Italia
Source: ISTAT - Database of regional indicators for development policies
Source: ISTAT - Database of regional indicators for development policies
Source: The index is obtained by summing the individual indicators of use published by ISTATMultipurpose survey on households: aspects of daily life
Source: ISTAT-BES: Data based on the Ministry of Heritage and Cultural Activities and Tourism data
- Risk Map
21
Definitions Used
The main physical indicators reported in the table are defined as follows:
• Consumption Rates for households on recreational and cultural activities:
Final consumption expenditure by households (resident and non) on
recreation and culture over Total Expenditure on final consumption by
households (%);
• Index of cultural demand for state-run institutions (average by institution):
Number of visitors to state-run institutions over number of state-run
institutions of arts and antiquities;
• Index of cultural demand of non-state institutions (average by institution):
Number of visitors of non-state institutions over number of non-state
institutions of arts and antiquities;
• Synthetic index of use: People aged 6 years and older who claim to have
attended a cultural event at least once in the previous year. The index is
obtained by summing the individual indicators of use published by ISTAT
(Multipurpose household survey: aspects of everyday life). Thus, the index
can take values higher than 100, and can be used to analyse the relative
positions of different regions;
• Index of cultural heritage resource endowment: Number of archaeological,
architectural, and museum assets counted in the information system
"Cultural Heritage Risk Map" (of the Ministry of Heritage and Cultural
Activities and Tourism) per 100 km².
22
SpendingvsDemandandUse
In Piemonte, the propensity for the population to participate in cultural events grew over the
decade, with a synthetic index of use increasing from 173.4 to 185.7 per cent, compared to
a decrease of the region's share of public spending in the Culture and Recreational Services
sector on the national total, from 6.9 to 6.6 per cent.
At national level, cultural demand increased in all regions and especially in Basilicata,
Abruzzo, Valle d'Aosta, the Autonomous Province of Trento (outlier in the graph) and
Piemonte. However, even though the Southern regions were characterised by an increase in
cultural demand, they remained at the bottom of the ranking of Italian regions by index of
cultural use.
In 2010 Italian households spent on average 7.3 per cent of total expenditure for final
consumption on cultural consumption. This share of spending remained nearly constant in
the last decade, the corresponding values in Piemonte are higher than the Italian average,
and improved further at the end of the period, when the region of Piemonte ranked first in
terms of share of cultural consumption on total household consumption, with a value in 2010
equal to 8.8 per cent.
This is evidence, on the one hand, of the interest in and propensity of the Piemonte
population to attend cultural and artistic events and, on the other hand, of the success of
policies adopted by local administrations operating in culture. Indeed, these policies
increased the offer and access to cultural opportunities and, at the same time, improved
their attractiveness and capillarity.
Figure 10 - PS -Relationship between the index of cultural use and total spending
in the cultural sector (2000-2002 and 2009-2011 averages)
20
20
16
14
18
Lombardia
16
Lazio
14
12
Index of Use
130
140
150
160
Piemonte
6
Campania
Puglia
Calabria
Basilicta
Molise
Liguria
Sardegna
2
0
Index of Use
190
200
210
130
220
140
150
160
Emilia Romagna
PAB Valle d'Aosta
Calabria
4
Molise
180
Basilicta
190
Emilia Romagna
6
Campania
Puglia
Friuli Venezia Giulia
P.A. Trento 10
170
8
Sicilia
Toscana
4
Marche
Abruzzo Umbria
Lombardia
12
10
170
180
8 Veneto
Sicilia
Lazio
RPA Expenditure
RPA Expenditure
18
Liguria
2 Umbria
200
Veneto
210
220
Piemonte
Toscana
Sardegna
Marche
Abruzzo
Valle d'Aosta
P.A. Trento PAB 0
Source: Data based on the Regional Public Accounts (RPA) and ISTAT data - multipurpose household
survey: aspects of everyday life
23
Table 10 -
PS - Relationship between the index of cultural use and total spending
in the cultural sector
Source: Data based on the Regional Public Accounts (RPA) and ISTAT data - multipurpose household
survey: aspects of everyday life
Figure 11 - PS -Relationship between consumption of households in culture and
total expenditure in the cultural sector (2000-2002 and 2009-2011
averages)
20
20
16
Lazio
14
Lazio
18
16
Lombardia
14
12
5
6
10
7
8
Veneto
8
Sicilia
Campania
9
10
4
5
6
7
Veneto
8
Emilia Romagna
Toscana
6
Lombardia
12
10
4
RPA Expenditure
RPA Expenditure
18
Piemonte
Campania
Puglia
Sardegna 4
Calabria
Liguria
Marche
P.A. Bolzano
2 Umbria
P.A. Trento Abruzzo
Valle d'Aosta
Basilicta
Molise 0
P.A. Bolzano
Calabria
6
Sardegna
Puglia
Abruzzo
Valle d'Aosta
Basilicta
4
2
8
Piemonte
Toscana
Liguria
Marche
P.A. Trento Umbria
Molise
0
Source: Data based on the Regional Public Accounts (RPA) and ISTAT data – Noi Italia
24
9
Emilia Romagna
Sicilia
10
Table 11 -
PS -Relationship between household consumption in culture and total
expenditure in the cultural sector
Source: Data based on the Regional Public Accounts (RPA) and ISTAT data -Noi Italia
Definitions Used
The synthetic Index of Use is defined as follows: People aged 6 years and older who
claim to have attended a cultural event at least once in the previous year (%). The
index is obtained by summing the individual indicators of use published by ISTAT
(Multipurpose household survey: aspects of everyday life). Thus, the index can take
values higher than 100, and it can be used to analyse the relative positions of different
regions. The Indicator was not reported for 2004.
The Consumption Rate for households on recreational and cultural activities is defined as
follows: Final consumption expenditure by households (resident and non) on recreation
and culture over Total Expenditure on final consumption by households (%).
Total expenditure in the Culture and Recreational Services sector is measured net of:
The data are calculated as expenditure in the region over the national total (%).
25
Spendingvssupply
In Piemonte, culture plays a prominent role in terms of added value and employment; in
2011, there were more than 32,000 enterprises active in different sectors of cultural
production and the value added by the industry (aggregating the private and public sectors)
amounted to about EUR 7 billion, equal to 6.1 per cent of the total for the region, with
126,000 employees, equal to 6.2 per cent of the employed in Piemonte. The three main
types of activity include the sector linked to architecture, videogames and the publishing
industry. Almost half the value added generated in the region is attributable to cultural
industries; 46 per cent is related to creative industries, which involve design, crafts,
communication and architecture activities. By observing the relationship between the cultural
heritage resource endowment of architectural, archaeological and museum assets per 100
km² on 31 December 2012 and the total expenditure in culture, the Region of Piemonte
doesn’t rank among the most virtuous regions but it is placed at an intermediate level.
The average endowment of cultural heritage resources in the regions of Northern Italy
amounts to 34.9 per 100 km² compared to 27.5 per 100 km² in Piemonte. The latter ranks
eleventh among the Italian regions. The cultural endowment in Piemonte is lower than the
average for the North and nationwide, mainly because it is concentrated in the large urban
centres, especially in the Province of Turin. The regional share of expenditure on culture in
Piemonte on the national total is equal to 6.6 per cent and is much lower than that of
Lombardia (11.6 per cent) and Veneto (8.6 per cent). Thus, Piemonte is sixth in the ranking
of Italian regions.
Figure 12 - PS - Relationship between cultural heritage resource endowment (year
2012) and total expenditure in the cultural sector (2009-2011
average)
20
16
RPA Expenditure
18
Lazio
14
Lombardia
12
Heritage endowment
10
0
10
20
30
Sicilia
8
40
Puglia
Valle d'Aosta
Calabria
Basilicata
Molise
Veneto
60
Emilia Romagna
Campania
Piemonte 6
Sardegna
50
Toscana
4
2
Abruzzo
0
Lig
Marche
Umbria
Source: Data based on the Regional Public Accounts (RPA) and ISTAT-BES data: Data based on the
Ministry of Heritage and Cultural Activities and Tourism data - Risk Map
26
Table 12 -
PS -Relationship between cultural heritage resource endowment and
total expenditure in the cultural sector
Source: Data based on the Regional Public Accounts (RPA) and ISTAT-BES data: Data based on the
Ministry of Heritage and Cultural Activities and Tourism data - Risk Map
Definitions Used
The Index of cultural heritage resource endowment is defined as follows: Number of
archaeological, architectural, and museum assets counted in the information system
"Cultural Heritage Risk Map" (of the Ministry of Heritage and Cultural Activities and
Tourism) per 100 km².
Total expenditure in the Culture and Recreational Services sector is measured net of:
The data are calculated as expenditure in the region over the national total (%).
27
Futureoutlook
The Region of Piemonte places substantial importance on supporting art in all its forms,
providing a structured series of interventions ranging from the direct implementation of
projects, to support in the form of contributions to organisations, institutions, and
associations both for their ordinary activities, and for the implementation of specific projects,
initiatives and events. In addition, over the years, important collaborations were established
with highly active institutions and associations on the regional territory, with a prominent
and acknowledged role in the promotion and management of artistic and cultural events. To
encourage the development of Culture, Tourism and Sport in Piemonte, the goal to be soon
achieved consists of the consolidation of the offer, in order to evenly distribute the resources
in the territory and enhance activities of excellence. The main interventions for the pursuit of
the objectives and the related implementation tools include:
•
The comparison with institutions that represent and are familiar with culture, tourism
and sports in the territory;
•
The implementation of negotiated planning at national and EU level, as well as the
activity of guiding local authorities in the development of interventions in the area of
culture, sports and tourism with particular regard to youth initiatives;
•
Promotional activities, participation in tourist fairs in Italy, by selecting the latter
based on the markets with the greatest impact on tourist-cultural demand.
The expected results consist in the implementation of models of territorial cooperation aimed
at restoring balance and rationalising the distribution of resources in the territory, the
establishment of a new legal entity that systemises several assets of cultural excellence (the
Gallery of Modern Art, Palazzo Madama, the Medieval Village, the Museum of Oriental Art, the
Museum of Contemporary Art in Rivoli, the Turin European Capital City Association) and the
stabilisation of the resources available to the cultural sector in multi-annual programming.
28

Public financial flows in the Culture and Recreational Services

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