Best Environmental Management Practices for Georgia Marinas

Transcription

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Produced in part with funds from
NOAA grant #NA87OZO 1 15
through the Georgia Coastal
Management Program
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Table of'Contents
3
Introduction
Acknowledgments
BMPs & Clean Marinas
Equal A Clean Environment
& Good Business For Marinas
The Marina Environment and
Georgia Law
Marina Survey Results
3
Marina Designfor Waste
Management: Federal EPA
Guidelines
Elements of a BMP Program
for a Georgia Marina
Glossary
Appendix
3
References
Best Environmental Management Practicesfor Georgia Marinas
Section I
Introduction
section 2
Acknowledgments
SeCtiOn 3
BMPs & Clean Marinas Equal
A Clean Environment & Good Business for Marinas
-
'3.1-*.How Marinas Can I-mpact the Environment
3.2 What are Best Management Practices (BMPs)?
3.3 Why Use BMPs at Your Marina?
3.4 Use This Manual as a Guideline to Tailor a BMP Program for Your Marina
3.5 Implementing Your BMP Program
Table 3.1 General Benefits fiom Environmental Changes
Table 3.2 Costs and Benefits of Clean Marina Examples
section 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.1 1
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
The Marina Environment and Georgia Law
Georgia Coastal Management Act
Coastal Marshlands Protection Act
Endangered Wildlife Act
Georgia Boat Safety Act
Georgia Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Act
Georgia Hazardous Waste Management Act
Georgia Erosion and Sedimentation Act
Georgia Shore Protection Act
Georgia Water Quality Control Act
Protection of Tidewaters Act
Revocable License Program (Georgia Administrative Procedures Act)
Oil and Hazardous Material Spills or Releases Act
Georgia Underground Storage Tank Act
Groundwater Use Act
Environmental Policy Act
Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships (MARPOL)
The Georgia Air Quality Act
&?CtiOn
5
5.1 Project Overview
5.2 Marinas Surveyed & Operators Interviewed
5.3 Profile of Survey Participants
5.4 Results of Marina Surveys & Operator Interviews
5.4.1 Section A. Waste Management - General Practice
5.4.2 Storm Water Runoff
5.4.3 Fueling Operations
5.4.4 Solid Waste
5.4.5 Liquid Waste
5.4.6 Fish Cleaning Waste
5.4.7 Boat BilgeEuel Tank Petroleum Control
5.4.8 Boat Cleaning
5.4.9 Sanitary Waste Disposal
5.4.10 Marina Vehicles, Boats and Equipment
. 5.4.11 Retail Operations
--- -- 5.4.12 Emergency Preparedness and Response
. 5.4.13 Pollution Prevention Training
5.4.14 Advanced Pollution Prevention Plans
''7
~
section 6
Marina Design for Waste Management:
Federal EPA Guidelines
Coastal Zone Management Act
6.1 Marina Flushing
6.2 Water Quality Assessment
6.3 Habitat Assessment
6.4 Shoreline Stabilization
6.5 Storm Water Runoff
6.6 Fueling Station Design and Management
6.7 Sewage Handling Facility
SeCtiOn 7
Elements of an Operational BMP Program
for Georgia Marinas
7.1 Building a BMP Program
Step 1: Audit your marina for generated wastes.
Step 2: Evaluate your pollution prevention options.
Step 3: Put your BMP Program in writing -make it a part of your operating manual.
Step 4: Implement your BMP program
7.2 EPD Stormwater Permit Requirements
7.3 Marina Site Design BMPs
Sand Filters
Wet Ponds
Constructed Wetlands
Infiltration BasindTrenches to Increase Ground Water Recharge
Porous Pavement
Vegetated Filter Strip
Grassed Swales
7.4 Maintenance Area: Site Design and Installation Options
Oil-Grit Separators
Holding Tanks
Swirl Concentrator
Catch Basins
Sorbents in Drain Inlets
Catch Basins with Sand Filters
Tarpaulins and Windscreens
Special Tools
7.5 Fueling Operation BMPs
7.5.1 Fueling BMPs as Preventative Measures
7.5.2 BMPs for Monitoring for Fuel Leakage from Storage Tanks or Lines
--_ -- -7.5.3 Develop a Standard BMP Procedure for Fuel Spill Response
. 7.5.4 Implement Fueling BMP Information and Training
7.6 A Summary of Georgia Rules for Disposing of Collected Wastes
7.6.1 Nonhazardous Solid Wastes
7.6.2 Nonhazardous Liquid Wastes
7.6.3 Hazardous Wastes
7.7 Nonhazardous Solid Waste BMPs
7.7.1 The MARPOL Treaty
7.7.2 The Georgia Rules for Solid Waste Management
7.7.3 BMPs for Specific Solid Wastes of Concern
Residues from abrasive blasting, sanding and pressure washing
Construction and repair wastes
Derelict boats
7.8 Nonhazardous Liquid Waste BMPs
7.9 Hazardous Liquid Waste BMPs
7.9.1 Recognize the Characterization of Hazardous Waste
Ignitability
Corrositivity
Reactivity
Toxicity
7.9.2 Determine if Your Operation is Generating Hazardous Waste
7.9.3 BMPs for Liquid Waste Storage Areas
7.9.4 BMPs for Liquid Waste Containers
7.10 Fish Cleaning Waste BMPs
7.11 Boat Bilge Petroleum Control BMPs
7.12 Boat Cleaning BMPs
7.13 Sanitary Waste and Gray Water Disposal BMPs
7.14 Marina Vehicles, Boats, and Equipment BMPs
7.15 Herbicide, Pesticide and Fertilizer BMPs
7.16 Retail Operations BMPs
7.16.1 Purchasing
7.16.2 Selling
7.16.3 Packaging
7.16.4 Returns
..
7.17 Environmental Emergency Preparedness and Response
7.17.1 BMPs for Developing and Implementing an Emergency Response Plan
7.17.2 BMP Elements for a Basic Emergency Response Plan
7.17.3 Specific BMPs for a Major Spill on Shore
7.17.4 Specific BMPs for a Major Spill on Water
7.17.5 Environmental BMPs for Fire Response
7.17.6 Environmental BMPs for Hurricane Preparation
7.17.7 Environmental BMPs for Boat Sinkings
7.18 Boat Operation Management BMPs
7.19 Training for Pollution Prevention
7.19.1 BMPs for Employee Training
. 7.19.2 BMPs for Outside Contractor Training
-=_ - -_-- 7.19.3
BMPs forcustomer Training
..
-
*
Section 8
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
Glossary
Table of Pollutant Characteristics, Fates, and Environmental Consequences
Hazardous Waste Generator Requirements
Example - Fuel and Oil Spill Response Plan
Example - BMP Program for the Fuel Dock
Example - Hazardous Waste BMP Program for Marina Maintenance & Repair
Example - BMP Program for Pumpout Station Operation
Example Requirements & Provisions to Include in an Outside Contractor Agreement
Example Requirements & Provisions to Include in the Customer Contract or Marina
Regulations
9.9 Emergency Contact List
Section 1
Introduction
~
Coastal Georgia’s population, its popularity as a destination for recreational boating, and
resulting marina activities will grow at an unprecedented rate over the next 20 years. By U.S.
marina standards, Georgia’s coastal marinas are small but the number of facilities, typical marina
size and intensity of use will increase. The potential for pollution of coastal waterways and
- habitats will likewise increase significantly. Georgia marina owners and operators are aware that
:-to prosper, economic growth must be balanced with clean water, clean soil, and clean air for
boaters to enjoy. This Best Management Practices (BMP) manual for marinas is designed to
identi5 and promote BMPs that will help to create such a balance. Effective, affordable, and
user-fkiendly BMPs will help control, reduce, or even eliminate in some cases the sources and
effects of pollution associated with marinas.
Providing marina managers with the information to successfilly implement and oversee
BMPs pertinent to activities at their facility is the objective of the manual. Pollution prevention
laws and voluntary BMPs related to marina operations are complex and continue to be in a state
of evolution with ongoing efforts to develop better equipment, products and management
practices. The management of a wide range of pollutants must be understood when
implementing controls in the following areas: (a) marina siting, design and construction, (b)
solid and liquid waste (including hazardous materials), (c) fuel, oil and other hydrocarbons, (d)
storm water runoff and (e) vessel discharge of sewage. Within each area, consideration must be
given to activities that traditionally occur within marinas, including winterizing, fueling, storing,
maintaining, and servicing boats.
For each area and associated activity (e.g., storage and containment, spill protection,
disposal/recycling, source control, education for employees, customers and contractors, signs and
contracts), BMPs are required. This manual provides the information and example programs
necessary for marina managers to understand and implement BMPs. It is important to note that,
although the BMPs in this manual are based on a thorough literature review of existing BMP
documents, informational sources and experiences, they are not all inclusive and do not preclude
marina operators from applying additional or alternate BMPs. Marina operators are
encouraged to apply their experience and knowledge to develop technically sound practices that
are equally valid as the BMPs listed in this manual.
’’
To insure clean water for our business the Georgia marine community (i.e., marina
owners, operators, boaters, marina insurers, and regulators) must adopt a marina BMP program.
Marinas must comply with current regulations and the local industry understands that coastal
growth and associated problems may require even more regulations. An issue of concern is the
animosity and distrust from previous unsatisfactory regulatory experience that exists within the
national marina industry. An objective of the project associated with developing this manual is
to impart a sense of ownership in the manual to marine businesses, thereby maximizing the
manual’s effect on the improvement of coastal water-related resources. The Georgia Marine
Business Association (GAMBA) is instrumental in achieving this objective by providing content
review and advice. GAMBA promotes the use of this manual as an effort to produce an
affordable and voluntary BMP program to help marinas have the high water quality needed for
boaters and a successhl business.
For information regarding this manual, contact:
..
~
.
.-_-_
'
Dr. Stuart Stevens
Ecological Services Section
Coastal Resources Division
Department of Natural Resources
One Conservation Way, Suite 300
Brunswick, GA 3 1520
Telephone: (9 12) 264-72 18
e-mail: stuart@,dnrcrd3.dnr.state.ga.us
Matthew R Gilligan, Ph.D.
Marine Sciences Program
College of Sciences and Technology
Savannah State University
P.O. Box 20325
Savannah, GA 3 1404
Telephone: (912) 356-2809
Fax: (912) 356-2996
e-mail: gillaanm@,tigerpaw.savstate.edu
Paul Glenn, C.M.M.
Marine Management Co.
P.O. Box 899
Darien, GA 3 1305
Telephone: (9 12) 437-3322
Fax: (912) 437-3323
e-mail: [email protected]
Section 2
Acknowledgments
The development and presentation of this manual was hnded by a Coastal Incentive
Grant from the Georgia Department of Natural Resources to Savannah State University,
University System of Georgia and was subcontracted to Marine Management Company, with
review by the Georgia Marine Business Association. I would like to express appreciation to Dr.
.Stuart
.
Stevens of the DNR Coastal Resources Division for his part in initiating the project by
- :.recopking the desire of Georgia’s marina operators to address the environmental issues facing
our =industry. The managing cornerstone of the project is Dr. Matthew Gilligan, Professor of
Marine Science at Savannah State University and the support personnel at SSU.
Marina operators and their employees who participated in the marina survey helped by
identifLing our BMP strengths and weaknesses - their time and enthusiasm are greatly
appreciated. The Georgia Marine Business Association review committee input was invaluable.
Those serving on that committee were Jerry Hogan, Jr./Hogan’s Marina, Michael NeaVBull
River Marina, Boyce Mand Golden Isles Marina, and Mike Sancomb/Tidewater Boatworks.
.-)
Georgia’s Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division’s Coastal
District Office reviewed the manual contents for legal and regulatory accuracy and provided
clarification on environmental laws related to the operation of a marina. Al Frazier, Jr./Program
Manager, Jeff Barnes, Jeff Darley, Steve Stepkoski, David Lyle and Bonnie Cantu are
commended for their enthusiastic efforts to make the BMP manual a bridge of understanding
between regulators and marina operators.
Thanks to Paul Christian, Secretary of the Georgia Marine Business Association and
Marine Specialist with the University of Georgia Marine Extension in Brunswick for organizing
seminars for the initial presentation of the manual.
The manual includes a compilation of BMPs that are used at marinas around the United
States and are generally accepted throughout the marina industry. The majority of this
information was available through the generosity of numerous Sea Grant Colleges Programs,
State Extension Services, the International Marina Institute, private U. S and Canadian
businesses, and fiom documents produced by our own Georgia marina managers.
Finally, very special thanks to my daughter, Shannon, who undertook the task of editing,
layout and formatting the manual.
Paul Glenn, C.M.M.
Marine Management Co.
Darien, Georgia
GEORGIA MARINE BUSINESS ASSOCIATION, INC.
P.O. Box 30505 Savannah,GA 31410 Tel: (912) 898-3474 Fax:(912) 898-8929 E-Mail jl~ogat~~~oaansInarina.corn
Michael J. (Jerry) Hogan, Jr., President
Hogan’s Marina
Mike Sancomb, VP Northern
Tidewater Boatworks
Ben Nelson, VP Southern
Alpha Marine Sales
h e y Portman, Director - Marinas
Bull River Marina
John Underwood, Director - Boat Dealers
Lockwood Marine, Inc.
Ken Doss, Director - Charter Captains
Hobo Enterprises, Inc.
Paul Christian, Executive Secretary
UGA- MAREX
January 3, 1999
2
The Georgia Marine Business Association (GAMBA) recognizes that, in order for our
businesses to prosper and grow, clean coastal water and a properly managed water resource is
necessary to accommodate the growing demands of those who utilize our coast for recreational
boating and sportfishing. Thus, effective and user-friendly management practices should be
implemented by marina managers so that potential environmentally harmful practices can be
minimized or eliminated. GAMBA supports, and is proud to be included in the formulating of
this Best Management Practice Manual. It is our expectation that this “guideline” will be the
tool that will improve existing marina management techniques in an environmentally friendly
manner. We are pleased that the recommended management techniques in this Manual will be
adaptable to different types of marinas and boatyards, that they will be economically feasible,
and that most will be non-regulatory. We would like to thank all those who contributed to this
manual.
Sincerely,
Michael J. (Jerry) Hogan, Jr.
President
'.?
SAVANNAH STATE UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY SYS'I'EM OF GEORGIA
POSTOFFICEBOX204 11
SAVANNAH,
GEORGIA31404
OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT
FOR ACADEMIC
AFFAIRS
TELEPHONE 9121356-2204
FACSIMILE 912/3563529
February 19,1999
Greetings:
I applaud your efforts on this most worthy undertaking. The need for
adequate scientific information on coastal habitats, ecosystems, fisheries,
and environmental quality is well established. Of particular need today
are: 1) contributions to achieve biological, cultural, and economic
sustainability by providing the technology, methodology, and information
necessary to assess, predict, and improve the health of the nation's
regional coastal ecosystems and 2) contributions to achieve greater ethnic
diversity in marine and environmental professions.
Savannah State University is uniquely located, equipped, and prepared to
achieve these goals through effective, high-quality education, research,
training, and outreach programs. our role in the production of the Best
EnVir0r"ntal Management Practices for Georgia Marinas' manual, and in
hosting the Savannah workshop, is an example of our commitment. 1
thank you for the opportunity to bring greetings from the Vice President
for Academic Affairs and wish you a productive and enjoyable workshop.
Take care and peace be with you.
vice President for Academic Affairs
Section 3
BMPs & Clean Marinas Equal
A Clean Environment & Good Business for Marinas
3.1 How Marinas Can Impact the Environment
..
Marinas,located on the water’s edge, have the potential to release a variety of pollutants
in tathe marine environment. Adverse environmental impacts may result from these sources of
pollufion associated with marinas and recreational boating:
1. Alteration or destruction of wetlands and habitat during construction of
marinas.
2. Boat bilge and sewage discharge and other waste discarded overboard.
3. Storm water transported polluted runoff from parking lots, roofs and other
impervious surfaces.
4. Pollutants generated from boat maintenance activities on land and in the
water.
5. Dissolved oxygen deficiencies if poor flushing exists
6. Air quality degradation from painting and sanding activities.
3.2 What are Best Management Practices (BMPs)?
The definition of “Best Management Practices” is best taken from Chapter 5 of the
Federal Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA) of 1990. Chapter 5 specifies
management measures to economically control the addition of pollutants from marinas and
recreational boating to our coastal waters. Best Management Practices are actions to be taken to
achieve these management measures.
Marina BMPs are operations and maintenance plans for preventing pollution. These
plans must be tailored for each marina. For BMPs to be effective, boat owners and their guests,
marina employees, and outside contractors working at the marina must follow them.
Simply put, BMPs are good housekeeping practices for our business.
3.3 Why Use BMPs at Your Marina?
Georgia’s coast is developing rapidly. With development comes increased popularity of
marinas and recreational boating on our coastal waters. Coastal development and associated
pressure on our natural resources has led to a growing awareness of the need to protect the
marine environment.
Y
The Federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 requires that state coastal
management programs provide for public access to the coasts for recreational purposes. Marinas
1
’3
and boating are an important means of public access. Poorly planned or managed marinas may
pose a threat to the health of aquatic systems and can pose other environmental hazards.
Ensuring the best possible siting for marinas, the best available design and construction
practices and appropriate operation and maintenance practices, can greatly control and reduce the
addition of pollutants to Georgia’s coastal waters.
The bottom line is that clean, non-polluted water for boatinp is essential to the health of
the marina business. Polluted water is not conducive to activities associated with pleasure
boating. We can expect our customers to find other sources of recreation if we allow pollutants
from our marinas to degrade water quality.
-
..
Refer to Appendix Table 9. I for information regarding pollutants generated by marinas,
their characteristics,fates and environmental consequences.
I---
-7
3.4 Use This Manual as a Guideline to Tailor a BMP Programfor
Your Marina
->
\.--
There is ofien site-specific variability in the selection of appropriate BMPs, as well as
design constraints and pollution control effectiveness of practices. Each marina owner or
operator must evaluate pollution potential associated with his facility design and activities. Then
he must choose among BMP alternatives considering practicality and the facility budget. This
manual describes BMPs found effective, or at least in place, at many marinas. Each BMP is by
no means applicable to every marina, nor is it necessarily the “final word”. As technology and
products improve, better management practices are sure to evolve.
3.5 Implementing Your BMP Program
Tailoring the BMPs in this manual to your marina in the form of a written document to
place on the shelf is likely to achieve little in terms of pollution prevention. As mentioned
above, to be effective, the BMP program must be followed by employees, boat owners and
outside contractors. The most critical element of your BMP program is the education and
training of these groups. In addition, the marina manager must have methods to control these
groups and to enforce marina policies. The manager will be responsible for ensuring the
practices, controls, maintenance and operation of the pollution prevention systems are carried out
as intended. The effective BMP program will be a living program. Once created, fine-tuned,
and implemented, it must be supervised and drilled on a regular basis. An effective program
becomes an ongoing and continuously improving management function.
2
Table 3.1 General Benefits from Environmental Changes
EnvironmentalChange
Benefits to Marina
Hull servicing
improvements
Providing full pumpout
services
Recycling of solid
wastes at marina
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
..
..
9
Pet waste management
Recycling liquid
materials
.
Reduced costs for cleanup and
disposal
Better service to customers
Pressure wash pads and filters
comply with regulations
Tarps and filter cloths beneath
boat repairs save on cleanup
costs
Dustless sanding reduces cost,
cleanup and adds rental income
Satisfied customers
Increased worker productivity
Lower material and cleanup
costs
Attracts new customers
Satisfied customers when
marina staff does pumpout
Additional business for other
marina profit centers (e.g., fuel,
visiting megayachts)
Lower municipal sewage
system fees (when metered)
Improvement of overall
business image
State and federal grants
available for pumpouts
Staff incentives
“Free” positive publicity
Seaweed removal improves
appearance of water surface
Added income, e.g., battery and
scrap metal sales
Cost savings for disposal
services
Positive environmental image
Keeps docks and marina cleaner
for customers
Brings customer good will
Reduces disposal costs and
long-term liability
Burning used oil reduces
heating costs and expands repair
business in winter
Environmental Benefits
Reduces silicahottom pa%
residue, which can escape to
marine environment
Reduces amount of other
pollutants that escape into marine
environment
Recycles wash water, filters out
contaminants before entering
municipal sewer system
Eliminates flying dust for worker
safety and cleaner grounds
.
.
.
..
.
..
Reduces sewage discharge from
boats in marina
Reduces impact on area shellfish
and other marine life
Water quality perceived by
boaters to be cleaner
Creates natural fertilizer and
garden mulch
Less litter in water and on shore
Less trash sent to landfill
Reduces fecal contamination of
water
Reduces spills and contamination
Converts waste liquids into
reusable products
3
Continuation of Table 3.1 General Benefits from Environmental Changes
3
Environmental Change
.
Improved flushing of
enclosed waters
Aquaculture beneath
marina’s floating docks
.
=
Metered pumpout and
marina sewer line
--_ -
-_ .
Locating boatyard
inland
Use of environmental
contracts
Permeable land surface
-1
.I
.
-
..
.
.
I.
Fueling management
I
Benefits to Marina
Attracts more customers
Additional use of water column
under dock space for potential
profits
“Free” positive publicity,
attracts visitors and recognition
Cost savings when sewage bill
is based on actual water
consumption
Lower-cost land purchase and
property tax
Coastal permits not required
Adds boat moving business
opportunity
Combines education with
control and enforcement
Controls outside contractors
Less costly than paved blacktop
Avoids spills and potentially
costly cleanup, fines
Special personal watercraft
(PWC) dock attracts young
customers
.- ___ -.
-
.
.
.
.I
.
.
.
..
.
Environmental Benefits
Improves quality and clarity of
enclosed waters
Increases amount of available
habitat for aquatic organisms
Reintroduction of shellfish to
harbor
Monitoring of sewage and water
use levels
Eliminates chance of runoff into
waterway
Potentially reduces all types of
pollutants
Increases public knowledge and
awareness
Reduces runoff pollutants
Reduces solids going to landfill
Reduces fuel spillage
Reprinted from US EPA www.eDa.gov/OWOW/NPS/marin;/table:!. html
4
b
i)
Table 3.2 Costs and Benefits of Clean Marina Examples
Z hange(s)
Years to
Qmortize
Annualized
Cost of
Investment
Change in
Qnnual
Operations
costs
Zhange in
Qnnual
Revenue
1995 Net
Benefits from
Environmental
Change
10
$648
($4,100)
EO
$3,452
$25,849
$8,617
$58,173
$43,585
$2,450
$20
$12,500
$12,163
$6,800
($2,603)
$0
$1,722
$0
($10,800)
$0
$10,800
Investment
Marina, NJ
2. Closed-loop
hull-blasting system
with reused plastic
blasting medium Associated Marine
Technologies.FL
3. Pumpout service
used as staff
incentive - Battery
Park Marina, OH
4. Sewage meter
for pumpout
station and entire
marina - Brewer’s
Cove Haven Marina,
RI
Public education
.
Notes
Net benefit is estimated by
avoided trash removal cost less
estimated labor costs for
recycling.
Income from entire hull-blasting
operation; difference in costs and
revenues from conventional
system revenues unknown;
system installation required by
county to continue service.
Improved staff morale and
productivity.
Savings from metered sewage
flow; federal and state grants
paid for installation of meter;
however, initial cost included
here to demonstrate benefits
even with full costs.
Waste disposal savings, less the
cost of renting recycle bins.
5
5. Habitat
tssessment and
rcallop farming
under docks Zedar Island
Warina, CT
$0
10
EO
633,500
$46,000
$12,500
7. Inland boatyard
and repair sites Conanicut Marine
brvices, RI
($1,807,000)
204 0
($138,688)
($75,125)
$75,000
$285,813
10/5
$3,329
$13,000
$86,800
$70,47 1
20/10
$9,459
$18,100
$100,000
$72,44 1
B. Overall changes: $2 1,000
pumpout service,
dustless sanders,
ground
maintenance Deep River Marina,
CT
$1 16,400
9. Overall
changes:
environmental
contract,
pumpout
service, solid
waste and liquid
materials
management Edwards
Boatyard, M A
dost of docks no more than
conventional docks; operations
costs are biologists’ salaries; cost
savings fiom extended dredging
season; in addition to net
benefits, $5,000 of annual “free
publicity” is attributed to
improvements.
Initial land savings on buying
)inlandv waterfront, includes
permit saving; land amortized
over 20 yrs, trailer over 10 yrs;
property tax and land value
savings are estimated to
demonstrate benefit of inland
yard.
Additional benefits from new
slip rentals, winter storage,
added fuel sales; additional value
was realized from “free
publicity”; pumpout amortized
over 10 yrs, sanders over 5 yrs.
Pumpout cost amortized over 10
yrs, other investments over 20
yrs; also attributed the equivalent
of $10,000 of “free publicity.’’
6
c
ej
10. Overall
:hangex habitat
:reation, pollution
:ontrol, water
:onsewation, etc. Wiot Bay Marina,
@?A
11. Overall
Zhanges: wash
water recycling,
trash recycling,
portable pumpout
gtation - Green
Cove Marina, NJ
WA
I
VIA
:$3,620)
60
13,620
Savings from avoided hazardous
waste pickup paid for labor time;
log waste bags, distributed free
to customers, save labor costs.
$6,800
LO
$881
$750)
$28,700
$28,569
10
$2,098
$3,788
$300,000
$294,114
Change in costs are added labor
and service costs less savings
€rom decrease in disposal
services; initial outlay for
portable pumpout and recycling
setup less permit savings;
pumpout partially paid for with
state grant but full initial cost
included here to demonstrate
benefits even with the full cost.
Increased revenue due to special
dockside pumpout service.
NIA
$0
($800)
$0
$800
Expected to save $17,500 on
weed control in 1996.
10
$6,011
$24,000
$270,000
$239,989
Difference in revenues and costs
compared to conventional
system unknown; system
installation required by county to
continue service.
$16,200
12. Pumpout
capabilities at every
dock - Hall of Fame
Marina, FL
$0
13. Seaweed
recycled as garden
fertilizer and mulch
- The Hammond
Marina. IN
$46,415
14. Filtration of
pressure wash
water Harbour Towne
Marina, FL
7
ii
LI
6 12,000
15. Full-service
pumpout and
fueling - Kean 's
Detroit Yacht
Harbor, MI
LO
:$360,000) 20
16. Recycled
crushed concrete
controls runoff Lockwood Boat
Works,NJ
5
$3,724
17. Dustless
vacuum sanding The Lodge of Four
Seasons Marina, MO
18. Floating
pumpout and
restroom barge to
serve transients Oak Harbor Marina,
WA
19. Outdoor boat
repairs done over
screen tarps - Port
Annapolis Marina,
MD
20. Opening in
breakwater to
improve
flushing Puerto del Rey
Marina, PR
61,554
$1,040
$1 1,000
$8,406
y e w revenue fiom dockside
pumpout and he1 services.
($28,888)
$0
$0
$28,888
Initial investment is negative
because of savings of using
recycled concrete surfacing
rather than blacktop.
$860
$8,643
$20,000
$10,497
Net of initial outlay and
estimated labor and materials
cost; saved 30% of conventional
cost; difference in revenues
unknown.
State grant funded $58,600 cost
of pumpout barge. The city
hauls the marina's septic waste
for free, which saved an
equivalent of $8,220 in septic
hauling cost.
Savings on cleanup costs, less
the cost of labor and screen
tarps.
$0
NIA
$0
($5,230)
$0
$5,230
$2,000
1
$2,000
($2,000)
$2,000
$2,000
$30,000
20
$2,407
$0
$50,000
$47,593
Additional dock rental income
attributed to better water quality.
8
21. Wash water
recycled
without
chemicals Summerfield
Boat Works, FL
$86,555
$30,075
Savings in water cost.
9
22. Used oil burner $7,000
installed to heat
boat repair
building -West
Access Marina, IL
$3,138
23. Floating
personal watercraft
(PWC) fueling dock
prevents spillage Winter Yacht Basin,
NJ
24. Environmental NIA
changes at
boatyard chain Brewer Yacht Yards;
M, CT, M,UA,ME
lI
,
$18,482
Cost savings on disposal and
,energy, less annual maintenance
costs, plus additional boat repair
income.
$5,560
Additional personal watercraft
fuel sales business.
+
25. Environmental NIA
changes at marina
chain - Westrec
Marinas, Inc.;
national
Reprinted from U.S. I PA www.epa.gov/OWOW/NPS/ma iadtable3.html
,
+
No calculations because chainwide efforts made it difficult to
attribute benefits to any one
particular change; owners,
however, felt strongly that chainwide improvements made good
business sense.
[Same note as above]
I
9
Best Environmental Management Practices for Georgia Marinas
Section 4
The Marina Environment and Georgia Law
This section describes the policies of the Georgia Coastal Management Program (GCMP)
and the underlying statutes that provide their enforceability. Administered by the Department of
Natural Resources (DNR) Coastal Resources Division (CRD), the GCMP is implemented and
enforced through state laws, rules and regulations, and programs. The GCMP relies on existing
authorities to execute the full range of policies and management techniques identified as
.necessary for coastal management purposes. Each of the policies is based on a legal authority
that-is enforceable under Georgia law. The law, cited for each policy, has an accompanying
penalty for violation of law, rules, andor regulations implementing that law. DNR conservation
rangers and agents of the EPD are authorized to enter property and to inspect activities for
adherence to requirements and compliance with permit conditions as defined by the applicable
Georgia law. The laws are not cited in their entirety; rather, the purpose of the statute, or a
pertinent section of the statute, is cited. A policy statement for each law describes the spirit of
the law, directly cited from statements set out in the particular law. In each case, the citation for
the statement is provided. The policies cited here are, therefore, supported by legally binding
laws of the State of Georgia, through which Georgia is able to exert control over impacts to the
land and water uses and natural resources in the coastal area. The statutes referenced herein can
be found in the Official Code of Georgia Annotated (O.C.G.A.), copies of which are located in
headquarter offices of State and local agencies, most public libraries, local courthouses, and
numerous other public offices.
A general description is set out after each cited policy and is provided for the reader to
use as a quick reference to the relevant provisions of the law. The General Description is not
intended to be, nor should it be interpreted as, law, policy, or restatement of the law. It is merely
provided for the convenience of the reader to gain an initial concept as to the content of the
related law. Do not to rely upon the General Description as a basis for a legal interpretation of
the law on any particular issue; refer to the actual law cited.
4.1 Georgia Coastal Management Act
Policy Statement:
The Georgia General Assembly finds and declares that the coastal area of Georgia
comprises a vital natural resource system. The General Assembly recognizes that the coastal
area of Georgia is the habitat of many species of marine life and wildlife that must have clean
waters and suitable habitat to survive. Intensive research has revealed that activities affecting the
coastal area may degrade water quality or damage coastal resources if not properly planned and
managed. The General Assembly finds that the coastal area provides a natural recreation
resource that has become vitally linked to the economy of Georgia's coast and to that of the
entire state. The General Assembly further finds that resources within this coastal area are
costly, if not impossible, to reconstruct or rehabilitate once adversely affected by human-related
Reprintedadapted from State of Georgia Coastal Management Program and Final Environmental Impact
Statement, December 1997, Chapter 5: Policies and Management Authority.
(I)
10
activities and it is important to conserve these resources for the present and future use and
enjoyment of all citizens and visitors to this state. The General Assembly further finds that the
coastal area is a vital area of the state and that it is essential to maintain the health, safety, and
welfare of all the citizens of the state. Therefore, the General Assembly declares that the
management of the coastal area has more than local significance, is of equal importance of all
citizens
of the state, is of state-wide concern, and consequently is properly a matter for coordinated
regulation under the police power of the state. The General Assembly further finds and declares
that activities and structures in the coastal area must be regulated to ensure that the values and
functions of coastal waters and natural habitats are not impaired and to fklfill the responsibilities
of each generation as public trustees of the coastal waters and habitats for succeeding
generations.
.
I
General Description:
The Coastal Management Act provides authority for the state to prepare and administer a
coastal management program. The Act does not establish new regulations or laws; it is designed
to establish procedural requirements for the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to develop
and implement a program for the sustainable development and protection of coastal resources. It
establishes the DNR as the state agency to receive and disburse federal grant monies. It
established the Governor as the approving authority of the program, and as the person that must
submit the program to the federal government for approval under the federal Coastal Zone
Management Act. Furthermore, it requires other state agencies to cooperate with the Coastal
Resources Division (CRD) as to their activities within the coastal areas.
4.2 Coastal Marshlands Protection Act
Specific areas of the coastal environment are more vulnerable to the effects of human
activities than others. Environmentally sensitive areas of Georgia's coast include the beaches,
dynamic dune fields, submerged shoreline lands, salt marshlands, all tidally influenced waters,
and tidal water bottoms. The CRD, through the Coastal Marshlands Protection Committee and
the Shore Protection Committee, has direct authority to issue permits for any alterations of these
environmentally critical areas. The CRD has the direct authority to permit or deny any alteration
to, or construction on or over, the marshlands or water bottoms within the estuarine area of the
State.
The Coastal Marshlands Protection Act states:
No person shall remove, fill, dredge, drain, or otherwise alter any marshlands or construct
or locate any structure on or over marshlands in this state within the estuarine area
thereof without first obtaining a permit from the committee or, in the case of minor
alteration of marshlands, the Commissioner of the Department of Natural Resources. A
permit may authorize the construction or maintenance of the project proposed in the
application. After construction, pursuant to a permit, a project may be maintained without
a permit so long as it does not alter the natural topography or vegetation at the project site
(O.C.G.A. 12-5-286).
Policy Statement:
The General Assembly finds and declares that the coastal marshlands of Georgia
comprise a vital natural resource system. It is recognized that the estuarine areas of Georgia are
11
3
the habitat of many species of marine life and wildlife and, without the food supplied by the
marshlands, such marine life and wildlife cannot survive. The General Assembly further finds
that intensive marine research has revealed that the estuarine marshlands of coastal Georgia are
among the richest providers of nutrients in the world. Such marshlands provide a nursery for
commercially and recreationally important species of shellfish and other wildlife, provide a great
buffer against flooding and erosion, and help control and disseminate pollutants. Also, it is
found that the coastal marshlands provide a natural recreation resource that has become vitally
linked to the economy of Georgia’s coastal zone and to that of the entire state. The General
Assembly further finds that this coastal marshlands resource system is costly, if not impossible,
to reconstruct or rehabilitate once adversely affected by man related activities and is important to
conserve for the present and future use and enjoyment of all citizens and visitors to this state.
The General Assembly further finds that the coastal marshlands are a vital area of the state and
:-areessential to maintain the health, safety, and welfare of all the citizens of the state. Therefore,
the General Assembly declares that the management of the coastal marshlands has more than
local significance, is of equal importance to all citizens of the state, is of state-wide concern, and
consequently is properly a matter for regulation under the police power of the state. The General
Assembly further finds and declares that activities and structures in the coastal marshlands must
be regulated to ensure that the values and functions of the coastal marshlands are not impaired
and to fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as public trustees of the coastal marshlands
for succeeding generations. (Code 1981, 6 12-5-281, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p. 2294, 6 1.)
The Coastal Marshlands Protection Act provides the CRD with the authority to protect
tidal wetlands. The Coastal Marshlands Protection Act limits certain activities and structures in
marsh areas, and requires permits for other activities and structures. Erecting structures, dredging
or filling marsh areas requires a Marsh Permit administered through the Coastal Management
Program. In cases where the proposed activity involves construction on state-owned tidal water
bottoms, a Revocable License issued by the CRD may also be required. Marsh Permits and
Revocable Licenses are not issued for activities that are inconsistent with the Georgia Coastal
Management Program.
The jurisdiction of the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act encompasses over 700,000
acres of “coastal marshlands” or “marshlands” which includes marshland, intertidal area, mud
flats, tidal water bottoms, and salt marsh area within estuarine area of the state, whether or not
the tidewaters reach the littoral areas through natural or artificial watercourses. The estuarine
area is defined as all tidally influenced waters, marshes, and marshlands lying within a tideelevation range from 5.6 feet above mean high-tide level and below. Exemptions from the
jurisdiction of the Act include: Department of Transportation activities, generally; agencies of
the United States charged with maintaining navigation of rivers and harbors; railroad activities of
public utilities companies; activities of companies regulated by the Public Service Commission;
activities incident to water and sewer pipelines; and, construction of private docks that don’t
obstruct tidal flow.
Any agricultural or silvicultural activity that directly alters lands within the jurisdictional
areas of the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act must meet the permit requirements of the Act,
and must obtain a permit issued by the CRD, on behalf of the Coastal Marshlands Protection
Committee. The Georgia CRD administers permits for marinas, community docks, boat ramps,
recreational docks and piers within the jurisdiction of the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act. To
construct a marina, a marina lease is required. Private-use recreational docks are exempt from the
12
Coastal Marshlands Protection Act but must obtain a Revocable License and a State
Programmatic General Permit.
The Coastal Marshlands Protection Act created the Coastal Marshlands Protection
Committee which is composed of three members: the Commissioner of the Department of
Natural Resources and two other persons from the coast who are selected by the Board of
Natural Resources. This committee is empowered to issue all orders and grant, deny, revoke, and
amend all permits and leases required by the provisions of the Coastal Marshlands Protection
Act. The Committee has delegated their enforcement authority directly to the CRD.
Marinas requiring leases of State-owned marshlands and/or water bottoms require a
special type of lease as provided by the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act (O.C.G.A. 12-5-287).
Marina leases are issued-by the Coastal Marshlands Protection Committee and administered by
the CRD.
-3
--
The Coastal Marshlands Protection Act provides both criminal and civil penalties for
violations of the provisions, rules, and regulations of the Act. The criminal provisions establish
any violation of the act as a misdemeanor which, in the State of Georgia, carries a penalty of a
maximum $1,000 fine and/or up to 12 months imprisonment. The civil penalty provisions for
violations of the act are civil fines not to exceed $10,000 for each violation and $10,000 for each
day such violation continues as well as liability for any actual or projected costs and expenses
incurred by the State in restoring as nearly as possible the natural movement of the waters in the
marshlands and replacing the vegetation and aquatic life destroyed by the illegal activity. The
Coastal Marshlands Protection Committee may also issue cease and desist orders for activities in
violation of the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act.
Since 1970, the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act has well served the intended purpose
to protect the marshlands. Georgia has about 37% of the remaining salt marsh on the eastern
coast of the United States. Extensive case law exists, and appeals to the Coastal Marshlands
Protection Act have been pursued all the way to the State Supreme Court level. All appeals
litigated under the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act have been resolved in the favor of the
State including those claiming that the Act constitutes a taking of property.
4.3 Endangered WildlifeAct
i
Policy Statement:
Powers and duties of department and board.
(a) The department shall identifl and inventory any species of animal life within this
state which it determines from time to time to be rare, unusual, or in danger of
extinction; and, upon such determination, such species shall be designated protected
species and shall become subject to the protection of this article.
(b) The board shall issue such rules and regulations as it may deem necessary for the
protection of protected species and for the enforcement of this article. Such rules and
regulations shall not affect rights in private property or in public or private streams,
nor shall such rules and regulations impede construction of any nature. Such rules and
regulations shall be limited to the regulation of the capture, killing, or selling of
protected species and the protection of the habitat of the species on public lands.
13
The Endangered Wildlife Act provides for identification, inventory, and protection of
animal species that are rare, unusual, or in danger of extinction. The Board of Natural Resources
may add additional species at any time. The protection offered to these species is limited to
those that are found on public lands of the state. It is a misdemeanor to violate the rules
prohibiting capture, killing, or selling of protected species, and protection of protected species
habitat on public lands. The rules and regulations are established and administered by the
Department of Natural Resources for implementation of this Act.
Projects permitted under the authority of the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act, the
Shore Protection Act, or the Revocable License Program require that full compliance with the
protection of endangered or protected species. Outside of the jurisdiction of these laws, for those
:area$ that are not public-lands of Georgia, protection of endangered species is provided by the
federal Endangered Species Act, which provides protection on both private and public lands.
4.4 Georgia Boat Safety Act
Policy Statement:
Declaration of policy.
It is the policy of this state to promote safety for persons and property in and connected
with the use, operation, and equipment of vessels and to promote the uniformity of related laws.
-1
A
The Georgia Boat Safety Act provides enforceable rules and regulations for safe boating
practices on Georgia’s lakes, rivers, and coastal waters. This Act establishes boating safety
zones for a distance of 1,000 feet from the high-water mark on Jekyll Island, Tybee Island, St.
Simons Island, and Sea Island. All motorized craft, including commercial fishing vessels, jet
skis, and power boats, are prohibited from these waters, except certain pier and marina access
points. This Act defines “abandoned vessels” as any left unattended for five days and provides
for their removal. The Law Enforcement Section of the Wildlife Resources Division of the
Georgia Department of Natural Resources and the Georgia Bureau of Investigation enforces
these regulations.
4.5 Georgia Comprehensive Solid WasteManagement Act
Policy Statement:
Declaration of policy; legislative intent.
(a) It is declared to be the policy of the State of Georgia, in furtherance of its responsibility to
protect the public health, safety, and well-being of its citizens and to protect and enhance the
quality of its environment, to institute and maintain a comprehensive state-wide program for
solid waste management which will assure that solid waste facilities, whether publicly or
privately operated, do not adversely affect the health, safety, and well-being of the public and
do not degrade the quality of the environment by reason of their location, design, method of
operation, or other means and which, to the extent feasible and practical, makes maximum
utilization of the resources contained in solid waste.
(b) It is further declared to be the policy of the State of Georgia to educate and encourage
generators and handlers of solid waste to reduce and minimize to the greatest extent possible
the amount of solid waste which requires collection, treatment, or disposal through source
14
reduction, reuse, composting, recycling, and other methods and to promote markets for and
engage in the purchase of goods made from recovered materials and goods which are
recyclable. (Code 1981, $ 12-8-21, enacted by Ga. L. 1990, p. 412, $ 1; Ga. L. 1992, p.
3259, 0 1; Ga. L. 1993, p. 399, $0 1,2.)
The Georgia Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Act defines the rules regarding
solid waste disposal in the State. Solid waste handling facilities must be permitted by the State
unless an individual is disposing of waste from his own residence onto land or facilities owned
by him and disposal of such waste does not adversely affect human health (O.C.G.A. 12-830.10). State law mandates that a county, municipality, or group of counties beginning a process
- to select a site for municipal waste disposal must first call at least one public meeting.
.- -.
In addition to the above-named jurisdictions, a regional solid waste management
authority must hold at least one meeting within the jurisdiction of each participating authority.
Meetings held to make siting decisions for any publicly or privately owned municipal solid waste
disposal facility must be publicized before the meeting is held (O.C.G.A. 12-8-26). Each city
and county is required to develop a comprehensive solid waste management plan that, at a
minimum, provides for the assurance of adequate solid waste handling capability and capacity
for at least ten years. This plan must identify those sites that are not suitable for solid waste
facilities based upon environmental and land use factors (O.C.G.A. 12-8-31.1); these factors may
include historic and archeological sites. Solid waste facilities within 5,708 yards of a national
historic site are not permitted (O.C.G.A. 12-8-25.1). Solid waste facilities on property owned
exclusively by a private solid waste generator are generally exempt from these provisions. Local
governments have the authority to zone areas of environmental, historic, or cultural sensitivity
and protect those sites from becoming waste disposal areas regardless of whether they are public
or privately owned.
Penalties for violations O.C.G.A. 12-8-30.8: Any person who knowingly violates a
portion of this Act shall, upon conviction, be subject to a fine of not more than $50,000.00 for
each day of violation or imprisonment for not less than one nor more than three years or both. If
convicted for a subsequent violation, the maximum punishment under the respective paragraphs
shall be doubled with respect to both fine and imprisonment.
4.6 Georgia Hazardous Waste Management Act
Policy Statement:
Legislative policy.
(c) It is declared to be the public policy of the State of Georgia, in furtherance of its
responsibility to protect the public health, safety, and well-being of its citizens and to protect
and enhance the quality of its environment, to institute and maintain a comprehensive statewide program for the management of hazardous wastes through the regulation of the
generation, transportation, storage, treatment, and disposal of hazardous wastes. (Ga.L.
1979, p.1127, $ 2; Ga.L. 1992, p. 2234, $5.)
15
7
The Georgia Hazardous Waste Management Act describes a comprehensive, Statewide
program to manage hazardous wastes through regulating hazardous waste generation,
transportation, storage, treatment, and disposal. Hazardous waste is defined by the Board of
Natural Resources, and it includes any waste that the Board concludes is capable of posing a
substantial present or fbture hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated,
transported, stored, disposed, or otherwise managed, based on regulations promulgated by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Hazardous Waste Management Act is administered
and implemented by the Environmental Protection Division.
4.7
Georgia Erosion and Sedimentation Act
.
.
'POGCY Statement:
Legislativefindings; policy of state and intent of chapter.
It is found that soil erosion and sediment deposition onto lands and into waters within the
watersheds of this state are occurring as a result of widespread failure to apply proper soil
erosion and sedimentation control practices in land clearing, soil movement, and construction
activities and that such erosion and sediment deposition result in pollution of state waters and
damage to domestic, agricultural, recreational, fish and wildlife, and other resource uses. It is
therefore declared to be the policy of this state and the intent of this chapter to strengthen and
extend the present erosion and sediment control activities and programs of this state and to
provide for the establishment and implementation of a state-wide comprehensive soil erosion and
sediment control program to conserve and protect the land, water, air, and other resources of this
state. (Ga. L. 1975, p. 994, 8 2.)
The Georgia Erosion and Sedimentation Act requires that each county or municipality
adopt a comprehensive ordinance establishing procedures governing land-disturbing activities
based on the minimum requirements established by the Act. The Erosion and Sedimentation Act
is administered by the Environmental Protection Division of the Georgia Department of Natural
Resources. Permits are required for specified "land disturbing activities," including the
construction or modification of manufacturing facilities, construction activities, certain activities
associated with transportation facilities, activities on marsh hammocks, etc. With certain
constraints, permitting authority can be delegated to local governments.
One provision of the Erosion and Sedimentation Act requires that land disturbing
activities shall not be conducted within 25 feet of the banks of any state waters unless a variance
is granted (O.C.G.A. 12-7-6-(15)). Construction of single family residences under contract with
the owner are exempt from the permit requirement but are still required to meet the standards of
the Act (O.C.G.A. 12-7-1744)). Large development projects, both residential and commercial,
must obtain a permit and meet the requirements of the Act. The Memorandum of Agreement
between the Environmental Protection Division and the Coastal Resources Division specifies
that any permits or variances issued by the former under the Erosion and Sedimentation Act,
must be consistent with the Georgia Coastal Management Program. Permits within the
jurisdiction of the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act and the Shore Protection Act can include
requirements that certain minimum water quality standards be met as a condition of the permit.
a
16
'
__-.
There are specific exemptions to the requirements of the Erosion and Sedimentation Act
(O.C.G.A. 12-7-17 - Exemptions). Exemptions from the requirements of the Act apply to any
project involving 1.1 acres or less, provided that the exemption does not apply to any landdisturbing activities within 200 feet of the bank of any state waters. Construction or maintenance
projects undertaken or financed by the Georgia Department of Transportation, the Georgia
Highway Authority, or the Georgia Tollway Authority, or any road or maintenance project
undertaken by any county or municipality, are also exempt from the permit requirements of the
Act, provided that such projects conform to the specifications used by the Georgia Department of
Transportation for control of soil erosion. Exemptions are also provided to land-disturbing
activities by any airport authority, and by any electric membership corporation or municipal
electrical system, provided that such activities conform as far as practicable with the minimum
- standards set forth in the Act at Code Section 12-7-6 of the Erosion and Sedimentation Act. The
,Georgia Department of Transportation has developed a "Standard Specifications --Construction
of Roads and Bridges," which describes contractor requirements, including controls for
sedimentation and erosion. The specifications describe the requirements for both temporary
control measures for use during the construction phase, and permanent erosion and
sedimentation control measures that need to be incorporated into the design of the project.
Failure to comply with the provisions of the specification will result in cessation of all
construction activities by the contractor, and may result in the withholding of monies due to the
contractor according to a schedule of non-performance of erosion control, and enforced by the
Georgia Department of Transportation. Forestry and agricultural land-disturbing activities are
subject to the Best Management Practices of the Georgia Forest Commission and the Georgia
Soil and Water Conservation Commission, respectively.
Penalties for violations O.C.G.A. 12-7-12-.6 (a): Any person who violates any provision
of this chapter, the rules and regulations adopted pursuant hereto, or any permit condition or
limitation established pursuant to this chapter or who negligently or intentionally fails or refuses
to comply with any final or emergency order of the director issued as provided in this chapter
shall be liable for a civil penalty not to exceed $2,500.00 per day.
4.6 Georgia Shore Protection Act
The Georgia General Assembly enacted the Shore Protection Act in 1979. The CRD,
through the Shore Protection Committee, has the direct authority to permit or deny any alteration
to, or construction on or over, the dynamic dune fields and submerged shoreline lands of the
state. The jurisdiction of the Shore Protection Act includes the beaches and dynamic dune fields
located on Georgia's barrier islands and the submerged shoreline lands adjacent to such beaches
and dynamic dune fields extending seaward to the limit of the State's jurisdiction in the Atlantic
Ocean. The landward boundary of the jurisdiction is defined as the first occurrence of either a
live native tree 20 feet in height or greater or of a structure existing on July 1, 1979.
The Shore Protection Act, in Code Section 12-5-237, states:
(a) No person shall construct or erect any structure or construct, erect, conduct, or engage
in any shoreline engineering activity or engage in any land alteration which alters the
natural topography or vegetation of any area within the jurisdiction of this part, except in
accordance with the terms and conditions of a permit therefore issued in accordance with
this part. A permit may authorize the construction or maintenance of the project
proposed in an application. After construction of a project pursuant to a permit, the
17
project may be maintained without a permit so long as it does not further alter the natural
topography or vegetation of the site or increase the size or scope of the project.
(b) No permit shall be required for a structure, shoreline engineering activity, or land
alteration which exists as of July 1, 1979, provided that a permit must be obtained for any
modification which will have a greater adverse effect on the sand-sharing system or for
any addition to or extension of such shoreline engineering activity, structure, or land
alteration; provided, further, that, if any structure, shoreline engineering activity, or land
alteration is more than 80 percent destroyed by wind, water, or erosion as determined by
an appraisal of the fair market value by a real estate appraiser certified pursuant to
Chapter 39A of Title 43, a permit is required for reconstruction.
The Shore Protection Act also makes unlawful the operation of any motorized vehicle or
other motorized machine on, over, or across the dynamic dune field or beaches except as
authorized by the permit issuing authority. The storage or parking of sailboats, catamarans, or
other commercial or recreational marine craft in any dynamic dune field is prohibited without
proper authorization.
:----
The Shore Protection Act created the Shore Protection Committee which is composed of
three members: the Commissioner of the Department of Natural Resources and two other
persons appointed by the Board of Natural Resources. This committee is empowered to issue all
orders and grant, deny, revoke, modify, suspend, and amend all permits required by the
provisions of the Shore Protection Act.
-1
..
The Shore Protection Committee may issue cease and desist orders for activities in
violation of the Shore Protection Act and require corrective action to return the sand dunes,
beaches, and submerged lands to their condition prior to the violation. The Shore Protection Act
establishes civil penalties for violations of the provisions, rules, and regulations in the form of
monetary fines up to $10,000 for each violation and $10,000 for each day such violation
continues. Any actual or projected costs and expenses incurred by the State in restoring the
natural topography of the sand-sharing system and replacing the vegetation destroyed by an
illegal alteration of the dynamic dune field or submerged lands are recoverable in civil actions.
Violations of the provisions which prohibit the operation of motorized vehicles on or over the
dynamic dune fields or beaches and the provisions prohibiting the parking or storing of marine
craft in the dune field are misdemeanors under Georgia law and carry a maximum penalty of
$1000 fine and/or 12 months imprisonment.
The Shore Protection Act has legally protected Georgia's beach and dune areas since
1979. The importance of the Act is evident when considering that over 80% of Georgia's beach
and dune areas are located on undeveloped barrier islands where human activities have not
extensively altered the natural sand-sharing system. Extensive case law exists that supports the
provisions of the Shore Protection Act. The courts have determined that the provisions of the
Shore Protection Act do not constitute a taking of property.
Policy Statement:
Legislative findings and declarations.
The General Assembly finds and declares that coastal sand dunes, beaches, sandbars, and
shoals comprise a vital natural resource system, known as the sand-sharing system, which acts as
a buffer to protect real and personal property and natural resources from the damaging effects of
18
'
3
floods, winds, tides, and erosion. It is recognized that the coastal sand dunes are the most inland
portion of the sand-sharing system and that because the dunes are the fragile product of shoreline
evolution, they are easily disturbed by actions harming their vegetation or inhibiting their natural
development. The General Assembly further finds that offshore sandbars and shoals are the
system's first line of defense against the potentially destructive energy generated by winds, tides,
and storms, and help to protect the onshore segment of the system by acting as reservoirs of sand
for the beaches. Removal of sand from these bars and shoals can interrupt natural sand flows and
can have unintended, undesirable, and irreparable effects on the entire sand-sharing system,
particularly when the historical patterns of sand and water flows are not considered and
accommodated. Also, it is found that ocean beaches provide an unparalleled natural recreation
resource that has become vitally linked to the economy of Georgia's coastal zone and to that of
.the entire state. The General Assembly further finds that this natural resource system is costly, if
.not-hpossible, to reconstruct or rehabilitate once adversely affected by man related activities
and is important to conserve for the present and future use and enjoyment of all citizens and
visitors to this state and that the sand-sharing system is an integral part of Georgia's barrier
islands, providing great protection to the state's marshlands and estuaries. The General
Assembly m e r finds that this sand-sharing system is a vital area of the state and is essential to
maintain the health, safety, and welfare of all the citizens of the state. Therefore, the General
Assembly declares that the management of the sand-sharing system has more than local
significance, is of equal importance to all citizens of the state, is of state-wide concern, and
consequently is properly a matter for regulation under the police power of the state. The General
Assembly fiuther finds and declares that activities and structures on offshore sandbars and
shoals, for all purposes except federal navigational activities, must be regulated to ensure that the
values and functions of the sand-sharing system are not impaired. It is declared to be a policy of
this state and the intent of this part to protect this vital natural resource system by allowing only
activities and alterations of the sand dunes and beaches which are considered to be in the best
interest of the state and which do not substantially impair the values and functions of the sandsharing system and by authorizing the local units of government of the State of Georgia to
regulate activities and alterations of the ocean sand dunes and beaches and recognizing that, if
the local units of government fail to carry out the policies expressed in this part, it is essential
that the department undertake such regulation. (Code 1981, 912-5231, enacted by Ga. L. 1992,
p.1362, 6 1.)
The Shore Protection Act is the primary legal authority for protection and management of
Georgia's shoreline features including sand dunes, beaches, sandbars, and shoals, collectively
known as the sand-sharing system. The value of the sand-sharing system is recognized as vitally
important in protecting the coastal marshes and uplands from Atlantic storm activity, as well as
providing valuable recreational opportunities.
l.3
The Shore Protection Act limits activities in shore areas and requires a permit for certain
activities and structures on the beach. Construction activity in sand dunes is limited to temporary
structures such as crosswalks, and then only by permit from the Georgia CRD. Structures such
as boat basins, docks, marinas, and boat ramps are not allowed in the dunes. Shore Permits,
which are administered by the CRD, are not granted for activities that are inconsistent with the
Georgia Coastal Management Program. The Shore Protection Act prohibits operation of any
motorized vehicle on or over the dynamic dune fields and beaches, except as authorized for
19
'3
emergency vehicles, and governmental vehicles for beach maintenance or research. The Shore
Protection Act prohibits storage or parking of sailboats, catamarans, or other marine craft in the
dynamic dune field.
Direct permitting authority regarding any proposed facilities located within the
jurisdictional area the Shore Protection Act lies with the Shore Protection Committee. The
Georgia CRD administers these permits. This authority is a very important aspect of the Georgia
Coastal Management Program, since recreation at the water's edge is expected to be a significant
recreational demand. Providing public access and recreational opportunities at or near the beach
while protecting the sand sharing system is an important component of the Program.
4.9 Georgia Water Quality Control Act
-_.. -
- .
Policy Statement:
Declaration ofpolicy; legislative intent.
(a) The people of the State of Georgia are dependent upon the rivers, streams, lakes, and
subsurface waters of the state for public and private water supply and for agricultural,
industrial, and recreational uses. It is therefore declared to be the policy of the State of
Georgia that the water resources of the state shall be utilized prudently for the maximum
benefit of the people, in order to restore and maintain a reasonable degree of purity in the
waters of the state and an adequate supply of such waters, and to require where necessary
reasonable usage of the waters of the state and reasonable treatment of sewage, industrial
wastes, and other wastes prior to their discharge into such waters. To achieve this end,
the government of the state shall assume responsibility for the quality and quantity of
such water resources and the establishment and maintenance of a water quality and water
quantity control program adequate for present needs and designed to care for the future
needs of the state, provided that nothing contained in this article shall be construed to
waive the immunity of the state for any purpose.
(b) The achievement of the purposes described in subsection (a) of this Code section requires
that the Environmental Protection Division of the Department of Natural Resources be
charged with the duty described in that subsection, and that it have the authority to
regulate the withdrawal, diversion, or impoundment of the surface waters of the state, and
to require the use of reasonable methods after having considered the technical means
available for the reduction of pollution and economic factors involved to prevent and
control the pollution of the waters of the state.
(c) Further, it is the intent of this article to establish within the executive branch of the
government administrative facilities and procedures for determining improper usage of
the surface waters of the state and pollution of the waters of the state, and to confer
discretionary administrative authority upon the Environmental Protection Division to take
these and related circumstances into consideration in its decisions and actions in
determining, under the conditions and specific cases, those procedures which will best
protect the public interest. (Ga. L. 1957, p. 629, 0 2; Ga. L. 1964, p. 416, 0 2; Ga. L.
1977, p. 368, 6 1.)
The Georgia Water Quality Control Act grants the Environmental Protection Division the
authority to ensure that water uses in the State of Georgia are used prudently, are maintained or
restored to a reasonable degree of purity, and are maintained in adequate supply. In the
20
-7
administration of this law, the Environmental Protection Division can revise rules and
regulations pertaining to water quality and quantity, set permit conditions and effluent
limitations, and set permissible limits of surface water usage for both consumptive and nonconsumptive uses through the Board of Natural Resources. Through a Memorandum of
Agreement between the Environmental Protection Division and the CRD the rules and permits of
the Environmental Protection Division are administered in a manner consistent with the
applicable laws and rules and regulations as cited in the policies of the Coastal Management
Program.
The authority to regulate the rivers, streams, lakes, and subsurface waters throughout the
state for public and private water supply and agricultural, industrial, and recreational uses is
- provided to the Environmental Protection Division. The Act makes it unlawfid for any person to
:-dispose of sewage, industrial wastes, or other wastes, or to withdraw, to divert, or to impound
anysurface waters of the state without a permit. Tourism and recreational entities, manufacturing
and transportation facilities, and other activities found in the coastal zone covered under the
policies of the Georgia Coastal Management Program are responsible for compliance with the
regulations implementing the Georgia Water Quality Control Act.
Civil penalties for violations of O.C.G.A. 12-5-52(a): Any person violating any provision
of this article, or any permit condition or limitation established pursuant to this article, shall be
liable for a civil penalty not to exceed $25,000.00 per day for each day during which a violation
continues.
Criminal penalties for violations of O.C.G.A. 12-5-53(c): Any person who knowingly
violates any provision of this article or any permit condition or limitation established pursuant to
this article, shall be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of
not less than $5,000.00 per day of violation nor more than $50,000.00 per day of violation or by
imprisonment for not more than two years, or both.
Water Oualitv Certification
The Georgia Water Quality Control Act (O.C.G.A. 12-5-20) designates the
Environmental Protection Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources as the State
agency authorized to regulate water quality control program. The CRD assists the Environmental
Protection Division in administering the Section 40 1 Water Quality Certification for projects
within the coastal area. The intent of the Section 401 Water Quality Certification, created
through the federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (the Clean Water Act), is to
provide states with the ability to review and to control the type of federal licenses or permits
issued within the boundaries of the state. Therefore, any federal license or permit issued by a
federal agency that may result in a discharge to the waters of the United States is required to
receive the applicable Section 401 Water Quality Certifications from the state before it is valid.
The waters of the United States include rivers, streams, lakes, and wetlands.
3
Through a Memorandum of Agreement, the CRD provides technical assistance to the
Environmental Protection Division in administering the Section 40 1 Water Quality Certification
Program within the eleven counties that constitute the coastal area of Georgia. Through the 401
Certification Program, each federal permit or license application undergoes a comprehensive
21
review process based upon state water quality standards and other applicable state laws. By law,
this certification and other state authorities are issued in a manner that is consistent with the
policies of the Georgia Coastal Management Program (O.C.G.A. 12-5-326).
The DNR-EPD
coordinates permits for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) (delegated by EPA-Federal Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. section 1251, et
seq.).
4.IO Protection of Tidewaters Act
Policy Statement:
Legislative findings and declaration ofpolicy.
The General Assembly finds and declares that the State of Georgia became the owner of
the beds of all tidewaters within the jurisdiction of the State of Georgia as successor to the
Crown of England and by the common law. The State of Georgia continues to hold title to the
beds of all tidewaters within the state, except where title in a private party can be traced to a
valid Crown or state grant, which explicitly conveyed the beds of such tidewaters. The General
Assembly further finds that the State of Georgia, as sovereign, is trustee of the rights of the
people of the state to use and enjoy all tidewaters which are capable of use for fishing, passage,
navigation, commerce, and transportation, pursuant to the common law public trust doctrine.
Therefore, the General Assembly declares that the protection of tidewaters for use by the state
and its citizens has more than local significance, is of equal importance to all citizens of the state,
is of state-wide concern, and, consequently, is properly a matter for regulation under the police
powers of the state. The General Assembly further finds and declares that structures located
upon tidewaters which are used as places of habitation, dwelling, sojournment, or residence
interfere with the state's proprietary interest or the public trust, or both, and must be removed to
ensure the rights of the state and the people of the State of Georgia to the use and enjoyment of
such tidewaters. It is declared to be a policy of this state and the intent of this article to protect
the tidewaters of the state by authorizing the commissioner of natural resources to remove or
require removal of certain structures from such tidewaters in accordance with the procedures and
within the timetable set forth in this article. (Code 1981, 6 52-1-2, enacted by Ga. L. 1992, p.
2317, 6 1.)
-
*
I.
The Protection of Tidewaters Act establishes the State of Georgia as the owner of the
beds of all tidewaters within the State, except where title by a private party can be traced to a
valid British Crown or state land grant. The Act provides the Department of Natural Resources
the authority to remove those "structures" that are capable of habitation, or incapable of or not
used for transportation. Permits for such structures may not extend past June 30,1997. The Act
provides procedures for removal, sale or disposition of such structures. (This is similar to the
Right of Passage Act, except that it is specific to tidewaters rather than all waters of Georgia).
4.11 Revocable License Program (Georgia Administrative Procedures Act)
Policy Statement:
General supervision and oflce assignment.
The Governor shall have general supervision over all property of the state with power to
make all necessary regulations for the protection thereof, when not otherwise provided for.
22
3
O.C.G.A. 50-16-61 describes the general supervision of State properties as the
responsibility of the Governor. Under this authority, the Department of Natural Resources
Coastal Resources Division issues revocable licenses for recreational docks on State-owned tidal
water bottoms. In 1995, the Georgia Supreme Court found that the State owns fee simple title to
the foreshore on navigable tidal waters and, as a result, owns the river's water bottoms up to the
high water mark and may regulate the use of these tidelands for the public good. (Dorroh v.
McCarthy 265 Ga. 750, 462 SE 2d 708 (1995)). The Opinion of the State Attorney General
states: "In managing tidelands, the Department of Natural Resources acts under the authority of
this section and the Department's employment of the extension of property lines method of
- allocating use of state-owned waterbottoms may be generally acceptable, but rigid adherence to
:-suaa policy when it denies deep water access to a riparian or littoral owner, may cause
inequitable results (1993 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 93-25.) As described in the State Properties Code
(O.C.G.A. 50-16-30, et seq.), the term "Revocable License" means "the granting, subject to
certain terms and conditions contained in a written revocable license or agreement, to a named
person or persons (licensee), and to that person or persons only, of a revocable privilege to use a
certain described parcel or tract of the property to be known as the licensed premises for the
named purpose." A revocable license may be revoked, cancelled, terminated, with or without
cause, at any time by the licensor.
The Coastal Resources Division has the direct authority to issue Revocable Licenses.
Section 50-16-61 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated establishes the State's authority to
require a Revocable License for encroachment upon State-owned lands, and establishes the
Governor's responsibility to protect State-owned lands. Based on Old English Common Law that
provides owners of land adjacent to water the riparian rights of access to such water, this
authority requires a Revocable License that grants permission for property owners to transgress
on State-owned lands and water bottoms in order to facilitate riparian access. The license does
not convey any rights, title, estate, interest, or easement with regard to the licensed premises. The
license merely provides the licensee a privilege subject to revocation, cancellation, or
termination at the pleasure of the State.
The CRD has the authority to issue, deny, and repeal the Revocable License required for
projects that encroach on State-owned lands and tidal water bottoms within the coastal area. The
authority to issue Revocable Licenses is delegated to the CRD the Governor, through the
Commissioner of the Department of Natural Resources.
Permit applications pursuant to the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act can serve as joint
applications for a Revocable License. Although private docks are exempt from the requirements
of the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act, they do require a Revocable License when they occur
over State-owned water bottoms. The Revocable License provides the CRD a mechanism to
address the issue of cumulative environmental and aesthetic impacts resulting from the
proliferation of private docks within specific areas. The Revocable License also provides the
State authority over other activities such as pipelines, power lines, mooring dolphins, bridges,
and other activities that require the use of the water bottoms of the State. The requirement for a
Revocable License applies unless an original King's land grant can be demonstrated.
Although recreational docks are exempt from the requirement for Marsh Permits under
the Coastal Marshlands Protection Act, they do require a State Programmatic General Permit.
23
-7
The administration of this permit has been delegated to the CRD by the Army Corps of
Engineers to minimize paperwork and decrease the time required for issuance of the permit. A
State Programmatic General Permit for the construction of recreational docks can be obtained in
conjunction with a Revocable License. The application and review criteria are similar and a joint
application is more efficient. The Revocable License application requirements and evaluation
procedures are explained in Chapter 4 of Georgia Coastal Management Program Document
(1997).
4.I2 Oil and Hazardous Material Spills or Releases Act
Hazardous substance means any substance designated in Section 3 1l(b)(2)(A) of the
Federal Clean Water Act, any substance pursuant to Section 102 of 42 U.S. Code Section 9602,
:-myhazardous waste defined in The Solid Waste Disposal Act, any toxic pollutant listed under
Section 307(a) of the Clean Water Act, or any hazardous air pollutant listed under Section 112 of
the Clean Air Act. This term does not include petroleum products. (5) Oil includes but is not
limited to gasoline, crude oil, fuel oil, diesel oil, lubricating oil, sludge, oil refhse, oil mixed with
wastes, and any other petroleum product. (8) Spill or release means the discharge, deposit,
injection, dumping, spilling, emitting, releasing, leaking, or placing of any hazardous substance
into the air or into or on any land or water of the state. This term shall also mean the discharge
of oil into waters of this state which will cause a significant film or sheen upon the surface of
such waters or adjoining shorelines.
Any person owning or having control over any oil or hazardous substance who has
knowledge of any spill or release of such oil or who has knowledge of any spill or release of
such hazardous substance in a quantity equal to or exceeding the reportable quantity or who has
knowledge of a spill or release of an unknown quantity of oil or a hazardous substance shall
immediately notify the Division through the Department of Natural Resources State Operations
Center as soon as that person knows of the spill or release (12-14-3-(a)).
Any person knowingly violating any provision of this chapter or rules or regulations
established pursuant to this chapter shall be liable for a civil penalty of not more than $1,000.00
per day, and for each day during the violation it may be considered a separate violation (12-14-4(a)).
4.13 Georgia UndergroundStorage Tank Act
:J
Policy Statement:
Public policy.
(a) It is declared to be the public policy of the State of Georgia, in furtherance of its
responsibility to protect the public health, safety, and well-being of its citizens and to
protect and enhance the quality of its environments, to institute and maintain a
comprehensive state-wide program for the management of regulated substances stored in
underground tanks.
(b) It is the intent of the General Assembly that the Environmental Protection Division of the
Department of Natural Resources shall be designated as the state agency to administer the
provisions of this chapter. The director of the Environmental Protection Division of the
Department of Natural Resources shall be the official charged with the primary
responsibility for the enforcement of this chapter. In exercising any authority or power
24
granted by this chapter and in hlfilling duties under this chapter, the director shall
conform to and implement the policies outlined in this chapter.
(c) It is the intent of the General Assembly to create an environmental assurance fund which,
in addition to those purposes set forth in subsections (f) and (g) of Code Section 12-13-9,
may also be used by owners and operators as an alternate to insurance purchased from
insurance companies for purposes of evidencing financial responsibility for taking
corrective action and compensation of third parties for bodily injury and property damage
caused by sudden and nonsudden accidental releases arising from operating underground
storage tanks. (Code 1981, 9 12-13-2, enacted by Ga. L. 1988, p. 2072, 1; Ga. L. 1989,
p. 14, 8 12.)
I>
I
-The Underground Storage Tank Act provides the authority for the Environmental
Protection Division to define the state criteria for operating, detecting releases, corrective
actions, and enforcement of the utilization of underground storage tanks (USTs). The rules,
found at Chapter 391-3-15 of the Rules and Regulations of the State of Georgia, establish
minimum standards and procedures to protect human health and safety and to protect and to
maintain the quality of groundwater and surface water resources from environmental
contamination that could result from any releases of harmfbl substances stored in such tanks.
These requirements reflect the federal law regulating underground storage tanks as well as the
applicable state rules. All facilities with underground storage tanks are subject to these
requirements. The Memorandum of Agreement between the Georgia Coastal Resources Division
and Environmental Protection Division as well as the Section 401 Water Quality Certification
Program ensures cooperation and coordination in the implementation of UST standards within
the coastal area.
4.14 Groundwater Use Act
Policy Statement:
Declaration of policy.
The general welfare and public interest require that the water resources of the state be put
to beneficial use to the fullest extent to which they are capable, subject to reasonable regulation
in order to conserve these resources and to provide and maintain conditions which are conducive
to the development and use of water resources. (Ga. L. 1972, p. 976,2.)
The Groundwater Use Act charges the Board of Natural Resources with the responsibility
to adopt rules and regulations relating to the conduct, content, and submission of water
conservation plans, including water conservation practices, water drilling protocols, and specific
rules for withdrawal and utilization of groundwater. The Environmental Protection Division
administers these rules and regulations. Groundwater withdrawals of greater than 100,000
gallons per day require a permit from the Environmental Protection Division. Permit
applications that request an increase in water usage must also submit a water conservation plan
approved by the director of Environmental Protection Division (O.C.G.A. 12-5-96). The
Environmental Protection Division has prepared a comprehensive groundwater management plan
for coastal Georgia that addresses water conservation measures, protection from saltwater
encroachment, reasonable uses, preservation for future development and economic development
issues. The Memorandum of Agreement with the Environmental Protection Division ensures
25
-7
that permits issued under the Groundwater Use Act must be consistent with the Coastal
Management Program.
4.15 Environmental Policy Act
Policy Statement:
The General Assembly finds that:
(1) The protection and preservation of Georgia’s diverse environment is necessary for the
maintenance of the public health and welfare and the continued viability of the economy of
the state and is a matter of the highest public priority;
(2) State agencies should conduct their affkrs with an awareness that they are stewards of the
- -.
gir, land, water, plants, animals, and environmental, historical, and cultural resources;
:{3rEnvironmenial evaluations should be a part of the decision-making processes of the state;
and,
(4) Environmental effects reports can facilitate the fullest practicable provision of timely public
information, understanding, and participation in the decision-making processes of the state.
(Code 1981,s 12-16-2, enacted by Ga. L. 1991, p. 1728,g 1.)
The Georgia Environmental Policy Act (GEPA) requires that all State agencies and
activities prepare an Environmental Impact Report as part of the decision-making process. This
is required for all activities that may have an impact, and alternatives to the proposed project or
activity must be considered as part of the report.
1
4.16 Regulationsfor the Prevention of Pollution by Garbagefrom
Ships (MARPOL)
The MARPOL (MARine POLlution) Treaty was developed by the International
Maritime Organization which is a specialized agency of the United Nations. The treaty is an
international agreement designed to address the problem of marine pollution fiom vessels. It
consists of five annexes, each of which addresses a different type of marine pollution:
AnnexI: Forbids the discharge at sea of oil in certain “special areas” and limits other
discharges to 1/30,000 of the cargo. Discharge from machinery spaces (e.g. bilge water)
must occur more than 12 miles fiom land and the oil content must be less than 100 ppm. In
addition, Annex I requires that all parties to the Treaty ensure that adequate facilities are
provided for the reception of residues and oily mixtures at marine facilities.
Annex 11: Contains regulations for discharges of noxious liquids (i.e. bulk chemicals).
Annex 111: Requires issuing of standards for packaging, marking, documentation, stowage,
quantity limitations, exceptions and notifications for preventing or minimizing pollution by
harmful substances.
Annex IV:Prohibits vessel discharge of sewage within 4 miles of the nearest land, unless
they have an approved treatment plant. Between 4 and 12 miles from land, sewage must be
comminuted and disinfected before discharge.
26
t
*
-
=
AnnexV: Establishes minimum distances for the disposal of garbage at sea. The most
important component of this Annex is the complete prohibition of the disposal of plastics into
the sea.
While the Coast Guard regulates vessels and sea related activities, EPA has responsibility
of regulating marinas and marine facilities. See Section 7.7. I for BMPs related to the MARPOL
Treaty.
4.1 7 The Georgia Air Quality Act
Policy Statement:
It is declared to be the public policy of the State of Georgia to preserve, protect, and
"improve air quality and to control emissions to prevent the significant deterioration of air quality
and to attain and maintain ambient air quality standards so as to safeguard the public health,
safety, and welfare consistent with providing for maximum employment and full industrial
development of the state.
The Georgia Air Quality Act provides authority to the Environmental Protection Division
to promulgate rules and regulations necessary to abate or to control air pollution for the State as a
whole or from area to area, as may be appropriate. Establishment of ambient air quality
standards, emission limitations, emission control standards, and other measures are necessary to
provide standards that are no less stringent than the federal Clean Air Act are mandated. The Act
also requires establishment of a program for prevention and mitigation of accidental releases of
hazardous air contaminants or air pollutants, training and educational programs to ensure proper
operation of emission control equipment, and standards of construction no less stringent than the
federal Act. The Environmental Protection Division administers the Georgia Air Quality act
throughout the State. The Memorandum of Agreement between the Georgia Coastal Resources
Division and the Environmental Protection Division ensures cooperation and coordination in the
achievement of the policies of the Program.
Permit required: (a) No person shall, and it shall be unlawful and a violation of this
article to, construct, install, modify, own, or operate any facility or stationary source or any
equipment, devise, article, or process capable of causing or contributing to the emission of air
contaminants unless permitted by and in compliance with a permit from the director (12-9-7).
Civil penalties: (a) Any person violating any provision of this article or rules or
regulations promulgated pursuant to this article or any permit condition or limitation established
pursuant to this article shall be liable for a civil penalty of not more than $25,000.00 per day, and
each day the violation or failure continues shall be a separate violation (12-9-23).
27
Section 5
5.1 Project Overview
The first phase of developing this BMP manual for Georgia marinas was to conduct a
review of existing literature related to worldwide marina industry BMPs. BMP information was
identified that is potentially applicable to Georgia marinas (e.g. types of pollutants and their
&&ts;
facility - pollution control considerations, practices, and products; operations and
maintenance BMPs; education methods). From that, a marina BMP survey format was devised
based on a checklist of activities, pollutants and current national marina industry BMPs.
This section is a summary of marina operator and facility surveys and evaluation of
current BMP practices at Georgia marinas. Fifteen out of over 50 Georgia coastal marinas
participated in this phase of the project. The participants were chosen, not so much as to provide
a representative sample of the overall industry, but to focus on the highest potential for pollution
and associated BMP activities. Final consideration for participation was given to marinas
according to diversity in size and services provided.
-’>
The survey results and literature review is the basis for this manual which is intended to
provide a range of BMPs from which Georgia marina managers can select the BMPs most
appropriate for the conditions and activities at their respective sites.
5.2 Marinas Surveyed & Operators Interviewed
Bob Torres
Brunswick
Michael Neal
Savannah
3. Fountain Marina
Ron Thomas
Thunderbolt
4. Ft. McAllister Marina
Tom & Matthew Sander
Richmond Hill
5. Golden Isles Marina
Boyce Mann
St. Simons
6. Hampton River Club
Allen Jowers
St. Simons
1. Brunswick Landing Marina
-_
2. Bull River Marina
I 7. Hogans’ Marina
1 Jerry Hogan, Jr.
8. Isle of Hope Marina
I Jay Soukiassian
9. Jekyll Harbor Marina
Greg Galloway
I
I Richard Bourgeois
I
.J
12. Sail Harbor
Jekyll Island
St. Marys
Calvin & David Lang
10. Langs Marina
1 1. Palmer Johnson
I, Savannah
I Savannah
Richard Long
_-
I Thunderbolt
I
I Savannah
28
13. Savannah Bend Marina
Marcus Harrison
14. Tidewater Boatworks
Mike Sancomb
I
15. Two-way Fish Camp
I
Thunderbolt
I Charlie Gibbs
I
Thunderbolt
I
1 Brunswick
I
I
5.3 Profile of Survey Particeants
Facilitv ownership: Private commercial 100%.
Tme of facility: Marina 66%, MarinaRard 34%.
.Tmical number of employees in boating season: Full time 6, (high223, low 2), Part time 3.
Average boat storage capacitv: Wet slips 48, Dry racks inside 136, Dry racks outside 14.
Average total occupied: 90%,Power boats 78%, Sail 22%, Av. # PWC a.
Average number of wash racks: 10
Average number of launch staging docks: 16
Average boat size: @ wet 40’, @?dry 24’
Average number of parking spaces: Paved 108, Unpaved 85.
Average age of marinas: 2 1.5 years
‘>
Average number of years owned by current owner: 8.9 years
Average of operator experience: 9.6 years
Percent of participating marinas having the following:
d
%
Wet Slips
100%
Moorings
6%
Campground
0%
Fuel Dock
93%
60%
Dry Racks, Inside
53%
Sanitary Pumpout
Dry Racks, Outside
47%
Dump Station
Launch/Haul Out
80%
Showers
100%
Land Storage
60%
Restrooms
100%
Transient Dockage
Recycling Facilities
100%
Commercial Dockage
93%
6%
Wash Racks
53%
Marine Railway
13%
Hull Repair
Boat Ramp
0%
Engine Repair
53%
93%
Travel Lift
27%
Customer Work Area
67%
Forklift
47%
Fiberglassing
47%
60%
Crane
Overhead Hoist Launch
6%
40%
Bottom Painting
0%
Above Water Line Painting 27%
29
Marine Store
Live Bait
80%
CharterBoats
73%
33%
Rental Boats
27%
Boat Dealership
27%
Seafood Market
Snacks
53%
Fish Cleaning
73%
Restaurant
60%
PoolRecreational Area
Gaming Vessel
13%
Lodging
6%
6%
13%
5.4 Results of Marina Surveys & Operator Interviews
.
-
-In Tables 5.4.1 through 5.4.14, “Exists”, “Absent” and “NIA’’ denotes the percentage of
partfcipating marinas practicing the described activity.
.-
1 Exists 1 Absent(]
I
I
t
136%
164%
I 0%
Non-hazardous recycling procedures
40%
60%
0%
Hazardous waste collection & disposal procedure
66%
34%
0%
Organic waste compost practices
0%
100%
0%
66%
34%
0%
Audit of marina generated waste
Waste management traininghnformation available for:
Employees
I
Boat Owners
OutsideContractors
I
66%
134%
I
1 27% 1 73%
I
0%
I 0%
Section Comments:
Few participants have conducted formal audits of waste generated by their operation.
However, each displayed an awareness of the kinds of waste generated and the associated
pollution potential. Many have procedures for collecting, disposing of, or recycling wastes, but
the procedures can be refined in most cases. Glass, paper and other non-hazardous waste
recycling would be practiced if local facilities for receiving these wastes were readily accessible.
Waste management information and training programs vary from basic to extensive. Larger
marinas with managerial access to resources of national trade associations have the best
information and training programs. There is a lack of waste management information and
requirements for outside contractors. The survey indicates most maintenance and repair
occurring is by outside contractors.
30
I
Buffers maintained between shoreline/wetlands& upland facilities
Runoff control strategies exist in the following areas: *
I Exists I
1 87% I
I
I
I
I
1
N/A
I
0%
I
13%
I
Boat repaidmaintenance areas
53%
27%
20 %
Boat wash areas
47%
33%
20%
Boat launch areas
27%
53%
20%
Parking lots
1 Designatedcontrolled maintenance & repair areas for:
In-house work
I
Absent
Boat owners
73%
I
I
I
Outside contractors
I
I
80%,
I
7%,
80%
1
7%
I
1
0%
27%
I
I
I
13%
~~
13%
74%
13%
13%
Contained indoor boat maintenance & repair
53%
20%
27%
Maintenance debris catchments
54%
33%
Procedure for disposal of collected maintenance debris
I
54%
1
13%
I
I
33%
13%
Vacuum Sanders used to remove hull painthollect dust
27%
13%
60%
Herbicide, pesticide, toxic cleaner control procedures
20%
80%
0%
Section Comments:
Each marina is making some visible effort to catch, contain or otherwise prevent marinagenerated pollutants from entering the water via storm water runoff. There is great interest in
procedures or devices to improve those existing efforts. Predictably, the greatest concern
involves controlling waste from boat washing and bottom sanding. Again, those with access to
national trade organizations have the best information and are most effective in their efforts.
31
Exists
Absent
N/A
93%
7%
0%
Employees
73%
20%
7%
Boat owners
34%
53%
13%
40%
53%
7%
Non-emergency
93%
0%
7%
Emergency
80%
13%
7%
0%
93%
7%
Gasoline and/or diesel fueling
Equipment and product traininghnfonnation available for:
Prominent fueling procedures signage in place
Fueling shut off procedures/devices:
Boat fuel tank vent spillage prevention
73%
Fuel storage tankddispensing equipment inspected regularly with logs
20%
7%
I
I
I
I
I
I
Fuel tanks are: Above ground 20%, Underground 73%, No fuel 7%
Leak detection:
Groundwater monitoring well
46%
47%
7%
Secondary containment
34%
13%
53%
Automatic inventory monitor
20%
73%
7%
Line leak detectors
86%
7%
7%
Line/tank tightness testing
86%
7%
7%
46%
27%
7%
86%
7%
7%
Meets '98 U/G storage tank spill/overfill/corrosion protection standards.
Daily fuel inventory procedures (inventory/sales reconciliation)
I
Who pumps fuel? Employees 7%, Customers 64%, Both 29%
I__.-_II
"_-__"____
l l l l l_
_
^
l l l l_
.l l l _
_
l--
Standard procedures w/training for dispensing fuel
66%
27%
27%
Standard spill reporting procedure
73%
27%
0%
Adequate & accessible spill response equipment
67%
33%
"
"
0%
".
I___
I
_
_
Spill recovery plan w/training program
47%
53%
0%
Disposal plan for used spill response equipment
53%
47%
0%
Section Comments:
The physical management of fuel systems is good. There is some confusion about
applicable regulations. Therefore, simplified information should be made available. Better
idormatiodtraining for employees and boaters is needed for both fueling safety and spill
procedures. Everyone has spill response equipment, but it is questionable if the quantities on
hand are adequate for the worst case spill. The proper disposal procedures of used spill response
materials needs to be addressed in more detail.
32
I
Exists [ Absent
Covered solid waste containers
100%
!
0%
N/A
0%
Adequate disposal facilities at:
I
Docks
I
Maintenance areas
Signage identifying solid waste BMPs
I
I
I
I
0%
73%
13%
1I
I
20%
87%
I
[
I
I
0%
0%
I
0%
1
0%
I
I
60%
0%
I
I
80%
I
7% --b2-
27%
I
I
Tenant contract addresses solid waste BMPs
1
86%
Glass, plastic, paper recycling receptacles
1 MeMs recycling receptacles
100%
40%
Containment of residues Erom abrasive blasting
27%
0%
73%
Immediate removal of residue from boat repair/maintenance activity
73%
7%
20%
Outside contractor agreement addresses solid waste BMPs
13%
87%
0%
- _ _
Section Comments:
Solid waste management is to a large degree addressed well and hence is a strong point
for the marinas surveyed, but information for boaters and outside contractors is not adequate.
Standard wording for BMP signage is desired. In addition, standard language for legal
contracts/marina regulations for tenants and outside contractors is needed.
1 Exists I Absent I N/A
Separate containers for disposal of some types of liquid wastes
87%
0%
13%
Includes containers for waste:
Gasoline
Diesel
Oil
67%
33%
I
i
0%
I
I
53%
1
87%
i-mi-ttO%
I
47%
0%
Antifreeze
13%
87%
0%
Solvents
13 %
87%
0%
Clearly marked impervious liquid waste disposal containers
73%
27%
0%
Containers emptied by certified waste hauler
87%
Spill containment bermsharriers around storage areas for liquid waste
40%
Spill containment berms around fixed machinery using oil and fuel
47%
47%
33%
67%
I I 0;
13%
0%
60%
Hazardous liquid wastes:
Spill prevention and recovery plan
0%
33
Adequate spill response equipment
60%
40%
0%
Minimization of hazardous liquids inventories
33%
67%
0%
Enforced prohibition of TBT-based paints
67%
0%
33%
Oil filter recycling receptacles
7%
93%
0%
Signage identifling BMPs for:
Liquid waste recycling
I
I
I
I
Liquid waste disposal
20%
1
[
80%
0%
20%
80%
0%
Tenant contract addressedrequires liquid waste BMPs
73%
27%
0%
Outside contractor agreement addressedrequires liquid waste BMPs
13%
87%
0%
Section Comments:
Previous survey observations made regarding Fueling Operations and Solid Waste are in
conjunction with these findings. BMP deficiencies are related to a lack of information and the
failure to transmit information to employees, boaters, and contractors. Of significance is the lack
of a standard procedure for disposing of used oil filters.
Designated fish cleaning areas
80%
13%
7%
Designated fish cleaning waste sites and techniques
73%
20%
7%
Signage identifLing BMPs for fish cleaning wastes
33%
60 %
7%
Section Comments:
Fish cleaning waste (entrails and carcasses) is normally returned to the water where it is
scavenged upon by marine organisms adding to salt-marsh ecosystem productivity. Problems of
over-enrichment and lowered water quality are generally not a problem in coastal Georgia due to
strong tidal flushing due to naturally high tidal ranges. However, there are cases where marinas
lack the strong flushing and circulation.
Exists
N/A
Absent
~
I
_
.
_
Bilge oil absorbent products are promoted
73%
27%
0%
Tenants are informed regarding collectionhecycling of oUabsorbents
60%
40%
0%
13%
87%
0%
””.
Procedures to prevent fuel from boat tank air vents from entering water
I
”z
.)
Signage for petroleum control BMPs
I Tenant contract addressed fuel and oil spill prevention and cleanup
I
I
I
7%
40%
j
I
I
93%
60%
i 0%1
I
I
0%
7
Section Comments:
As the previous fueling and waste management sections, this survey section also
emphasized the need for better information. A national marine industry concern is the lack of
procedures or suitable devices to prevent fuel discharges from boat tank air vents from entering
the water.
1 Exists I
Absent
40%
60%
1
.
I
In watedover water hull pressure washing occurs
I
1
feasible boats are removed from water to cleddispose of debris
I
1
On land wash area equipped with debridoil catchment
I
I
I
93%
40%
0%
I
40%
II
1
Promote nontoxic and biodegradable cleaners
'-1
7%
20%
I
I
I
0%
I
I
I
N/A
I
I
I
0%
Section Comments:
Containing and removing pollutants from wash water is an area of concern for Georgia
marina operators. For the average 21.5-year-old marina, installing catchment and filtration units
will be a major expense. Among the participating marinas there exists catchmenvfilter devices
ranging from sophisticated and effective to the opposite extreme. Of note is that an effort is
being made willingly to collect pollutants in most cases. Utilization of better information on
procedures and equipment can be expected.
__.
Sanitary waste disposal facilities available
~~~~~~
Reasonable cost
53%,
0%
47%
User friendly operation
53%
0%
47%
Adequate pumpout availability signs
33%
20%
47%
f 13%
87%
0%
40%
60%
0%
33%
20%
47%
Instructions in place for handling graywater
Educational information about pumpout service for
,
1
Advertise to boaters that pumpout is available at marina
Equipment inspectiodmaintenance procedure and log
Procedures to prevent pumpout spills
If there are no pumpout services:
I
Is there another facility that is nearby and available to customers?
1
1
;3
I
I
I
40%
I
60%
0%
I
I
0%
I
I
I
Is there a sign indicating the location of that facility?
I
1
I
100%
-.
0%
35
Section Comments:
The marinas without sanitary pumpout equipment indicate a desire to have the service for
their customers. More of today's boat owners are demanding the service. Consensus is that the
service is not a profit center, but it creates added value for the customer. Many feel it is an
important indicator that the marina has high environmental standards. The average pumpout
charge is $8 which probably does not pay for employee costs for the service. A need is
indicated for more signage and information for users. Many units are reported to be out of
service, indicating a need for equipment inspection and maintenance information.
-3
-
I:
I Exists I
- _ '
Absent
1
N/A I
I
Ownedoperated on site and capable of producing water pollutants
80%
20%
0%
Operating and parking restricted on marina property
80%
7%
13%
Logged pollution prevention inspection & maintenance
60%
27%
13%
Section Comments:
Marina vehicles, boats and equipment are the heart of the operation. As such these items
are well maintained to avoid delay or shutdown of customer service. Fluid leaks are obvious in
most surroundings and are repaired quickly. Procedures for inspections and record keeping
would be a useful preventative tool for some of the marinas.
--
__l_l__.l_l_____l__l_l_l_
..-.^.I-.
___"...
I
_
_
_
_
l
l
_
"
-
Procedures ensuring environmental considerations for resale items
27%
53%
20%
Educate customers regarding environmental impact of purchases
20%
60%
20%
Procedures to accept back used/hazardous products for recycling
20%
60%
20%
Section Comments:
Most cleaning products used by marina operations are purchased through the marina store
and consideration is given to environmentally compatible products. However, little information
is made available to customers promoting the right products and recycling procedures.
36
Written emergency response plans
100%
0%
0%
Procedure to test and update plans on a regular basis
20%
80%
0%
Plans involve/approved by outside agencies (fire, police, spill
responders)
53%
47%
0%
Spill response equipment adequate for the largest anticipated event
40%
60%
_^-
”
I
I
_
Hurricane response plans include pollution prevention measures
I
I
I
I
33%
..
1
67%
I
1
I
I
I
0%
0%
.
Seciion Comments:
Each participant has written emergency plans. In most cases the plans lack detail and
adequate communication of the plans to employees via emergency drills. Standard emergency
procedure information with training instructions is needed. These, of course, must be tailored to
each facility. Standard emergency procedures should include guidelines for coordination with
the appropriate agencies. Most participating marinas have spill response equipment on site that
is made available by companies that provide the equipment at no cost. Charges accrue when the
equipment is used and for disposal. Several issues that marina operators should be concerned
with include: (1) whether equipment either bought by the marina or supplied by companies, is
adequate for the largest anticipated event; (2) if the spill response equipment is adequately
calculated for their marina; and (3) developing standard procedures for securing pollutants prior
to a hurricane. Refer to Section 7.I7 “EnvironmentalEmergency Preparedness and Response”
for Best Management Practices concerningSpills, Fires, Hurricanes, and Boat Sinkings.
I
Exists
Absent
N/A
40%
60%
0%
Written
27%
73%
0%
Drill
60%
40%
0%
40%
60%
0%
A training program in effect to some degree
Various Prevention Training Programs
Fire prevention, response and equipment use for employees
Hurricane response for employees and customers
Written
7%
Drill
93%
0%
I
I
I
Spill prevention & response for employees
Written
33%
67%
0%
Drill
27%
73%
0%
Material safety data training for employees
20%
80%
0%
Customer interactiodservice training for employees
60%
40%
0%
37
Written outside contractor requirements that include:
Marina pollution prevention information
7%
93%
0%
Requirement of proof of liability insurance
20%
80%
0%
Requirement to provide material safety data sheets
7%
93%
0%
27%
73%
0%
Training records are maintained
Section Comments:
This section clearly highlights shortfalls in pollution prevention procedure information,
training and communication. Of note is that, though no marina was lacking all of the pollution
preve-ntion training infomiation or techniques, all were missing important components of a full
and effective program.
->
Exists
Absent
N/A
Pollution prevention team
13%
87%
0%
Pollution risk identification and assessmentlmaterial inventory
20%
80%
0%
Pollution management device inspectiodmaintenance program with log
20%
80%
0%
Good housekeeping practices firmly in place
67%
33%
0%
Writtedpracticed spill prevention and response plan
27%
73%
0%
Marina water pollution BMPs written and implemented
20%
80%
0%
Formal employee training program
20%
80%
0%
_
I
Section Comments:
From the data it appears that the greater the quantity of high-risk materials used by
marinas, the more advanced the pollution prevention plans. The high incidence of good
housekeeping practices demonstrates a larger willingness to adopt higher pollution prevention
plans. The availability of better information and training techniques is the key to building the
“advanced plan” category. The cooperation and enthusiasm for the BMP project and strong
environmental ethics shown by participants indicate that if the information and training
techniques were made available, they would be utilized.
38
I
‘3
Section 6
Marina Design for Waste Management: Federal EPA Guidelines (l)
Designers and builders of Georgia marinas should be familiar with Federal regulations
and guidelines. This section describes Federal BMP guidelines for designing and/or renovating
marinas to prevent water pollution. These guidelines have been reviewed by the marina industry
nationally and are considered sound advice for state marina operations. In addition to becoming
familiar with federal practices, marina developers and planners are required to consult with
-Georgia’s Department of Natural Resources to ensure site-specific compliance with management
measures adopted by this state. Georgia regulations are discussed in Section 4 of this manual.
In the late 198Os, Federal agencies directed their attention to environmental problems
associated with waste generated from marina development and daily operations. Consequently,
the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed “management measures” to
protect coastal waters from sources of nonpoint (2) pollution generated by marinas. Management
measures are defined as federal recommendations that provide economically achievable
procedures for controlling the addition of pollutants to our coastal waters. Each management
measure seeks to reduce the greatest degree of pollution. These measures are achievable through
the application of the best available nonpoint pollution control practices, technologies, processes,
siting criteria, operating methods, or other alternatives. Management measures and associated
BMPs are specified in Chapter 5 of the Federal EPA Coastal Zone Act reauthorization
Amendments of 1990 (CZARA) Program. Optional BMPs are provided for each management
measure.
At the state level, coastal nonpoint programs are subject to incorporating the federal
CZARA management measures. However, states will have some flexibility in doing so. EPA
recognizes the existence of site-specific, regional, and national variability in the selection of
appropriate BMPs, as well as BMP limitations related to design and pollution control
effectiveness. Adopting federal practices is optional for States depending on the specific needs
for their marina sites.
Coastal Zone Management Act
The federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 created a voluntary program for
states to develop and administer coastal management programs. This Act set broad guidelines
and approval criteria for states’ management programs. Individual states are given the
responsibility of identifying priority issues for their respective coasts, and implementing their
program using State laws and regulations.
(I)
Reprintedadapted from EPA-840-B-92-004, Jan. 1993, C Z A W P D Nonpoint Source Pollution Control
Program,Chapter 5 : Management Measures for Marinas and Recreational Boating, pages 5-1 1 to 5-54.
(2) Nonpoint source pollution is “caused by rainfall or snow melt moving over and through the ground and carrying
natural and man made pollutants into lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands, estuaries, other coastal waters and ground
waters” (EPA 1990). Point source pollution is the discharge of pollutants in a discrete conveyance, such as a ditch,
pipe, or channel.
39
3
Federal CZARA Management Measures for Marina Siting and Design
Siting and design are among the most significant factors affecting a marina’s potential for
water quality impacts. The location of a marina - whether it is open (located on a river, bay or
barrier island) or semi-enclosed (located on an embayment or other protected area) - affects its
circulation and flushing characteristics. Circulation and flushing can play important roles in the
distribution and dilution of potential contaminants. The final design is usually a compromise that
will provide the most desirable combination of marina capacity, services, and access, while
minimizing environmental impacts, dredging requirements, protective structures, and other site
development costs. The objective of the marina siting and design management measures is to
ensure that marinas and ancillary structures do not cause direct or indirect adverse water quality
impacts or endanger fish, shellfish and wildlife habitat both during and following marina
construction.
Many factors influence the long-term impact a marina will have on water quality within
the immediate vicinity of the marina and the adjacent waterway. Initial site selection is the most
important factor. Selection of a site that has favorable hydrographic characteristics and requires
the least amount of modification may reduce potential impacts and should save marina owners
money in the long-term. The following section summarizes CZARA management measures (in
italics) related to marina siting and design. Corresponding BMPs recommended by the Federal
government are provided.
6.1 Marina Flushing
.__
Site and design marinas such that tides andor currents will aid in flushing of the site or renew
its water regularly. It has been shown that adequateflushing will greatly reduce or eliminate the
potential for stagnation of water in a marina and will help maintain biological productivity and
aesthetics.
BMPs relating to marina flushing:
Site and design new marinas such that the bottom of the marina and the entrance
channel are not deeper than adjacent navigable water unless it can be demonstrated
that the bottom will support a natural population of benthic organisms.
Design new marinas with as few segments as possible to promote circulation within
the basin.
Consider other design alternatives in poorly flushed water bodies to enhance flushing
(e.g. open marina basin over semi-enclosed design; wave attenuators over a fixed
structure).
Design and locate entrance channels to promote flushing. Establish two openings,
where appropriate, at opposite ends of the marina to promote flow-through currents.
Identifl areas that are not suitable for marina development (Le., advance
identification of waterbodies that do and do not experience flushing adequate for
marina development).
40
6.2 Water Qual& Assessment
3
Assess water quality aspart of marina siting and design.
Assessments of water quality may be used to determine whether a proposed marina
design will result in poor water quality.
This may entail predevelopment and/or
postdevelopment monitoring of the marina or ambient waters, numerical or physical modeling
of flushing and water quality characteristic, or both.
.
BMPs (normally requiring professional engineering):
0
Use a water quality monitoring methodology to predict postconstruction water quality
conditions.
0
Use a- water qklity modeling methodology to predict postconstruction water quality
conditions.
0
Perform preconstruction inspection and assessment.
6.3 Habitat Assessment
Site and design marinas to protect against adverse eflects on shel&sh resources, wetlands,
submerged aquatic vegetation, or other important riparian and aquatic habitat areas as
designed by local, State, or Federal governments.
Coastal marinas are located in estuaries, one of the most diverse of all habitats. Estuaries
contain many plant and animal communities that are of economic, recreational, ecological, and
aesthetic value. These communities are fiequently sensitive to habitat alteration that can result
from marina siting and design. Biological siting and design provisions for marinas are based on
the premise that marinas should not destroy important aquatic habitat, should not diminish the
harvestability of organisms in adjacent habitats, and should accommodate the same biological
uses (e.g., reproduction, migration) for which the source waters have been classified.
BMPs associated with habitat assessment:
0
Conduct surveys and characterize the project site.
0
Redevelop coastal waterfront sites that have been previously disturbed; expand
existing marinas or consider alternative sites to minimize potential environmental
impacts.
0
Employ rapid bioassessment techniques to assess impacts to biological resources.
Assess historic habitat function (e.g., spawning areas, nursery areas, and migration
pathways) to minimize indirect impacts.
0
Minimize disturbance to indigenous vegetation in the riparian area.
0
Encourage the redevelopment or expansion of existing marina facilities that have
minimal environmental impacts instead of new marina development in habitat areas
that local, State, or Federal agencies have designated important.
0
Develop a marina siting policy to discourage development in areas containing
important habitat as designated by local, State, or Federal agencies.
41
6.4 Shoreline Stabilization
1)
Where shoreline erosion is a nonpoint source pollution problem, shorelines should be stabilized.
Vegetative methods are strongly preferred unless structural methods are more cost effective,
considering the severity of wave and wind erosion, offshore bathymetry, and the potential
adverse impact on other shorelines and ogshore areas.
Selection of this measure was based on the demonstrated effectiveness of vegetation and
structural methods to mitigate shoreline erosion and the resulting turbidity and shoaling. It is in
the best interest of marina operators to minimize shoreline erosion because erosion may increase
sedimentation
.
and the frequency of dredging in the marina basin.
..
.
BMP:
0
Detailed information on practices and the cost and effectiveness of structural and
vegetative practices can be found in Chapters 6 and 7 of the CZARA Nonpoint
Program, respectively. (EPA-800-B-92-002,Jan. 1993)
6.5 Storm WaterRunoff
Implement eflective runofl control strategies which include the use of pollution prevention
activities and the proper design of hull maintenance areas.
3
The principal pollutants in runoff from marina parking areas and hull maintenance areas
are suspended solids and organics (predominately oil and grease). Toxic metals from boat hull
scraping and sanding are part of, or tend to be associated with, the suspended solids. Practices
for the control of these pollutants can be grouped into three types; (1) filtratiodinfiltration, (2)
detentioddetention, and (3) physical separation of pollutants.
The proper design and operation of the hull maintenance area is a significant way to
prevent the entry of toxic pollutants from marina property into surface waters. Recommended
design features include (1) the designation of discrete impervious areas (e.g., concrete areas) for
hull maintenance activities; (2) the use of roofed areas that prevent rain from contacting
pollutants; and (3) the creation of diversions and drainage of runoff away from the hull
maintenance area for separate treatment. Using source controls that collect pollutants can reduce
the amount of pollutants in the runoff. Source controls include the use of sanders with vacuum
attachments, the use of large vacuums for collecting debris from the ground, and the use of tarps
under boats that are being sanded or painted.
The perviousness of non-hull maintenance areas should be maximized to reduce the
quantity of runoff. Maximizing perviousness can be accomplished by placing filter strips around
parking areas. Swales are strongly recommended for the conveyance of storm water instead of
drains and pipes because of their infiltration and filtering characteristics.
BMPs: (Refer to Section 7.2for storm water runoffBMP details).
0
Design boat hull maintenance areas to minimize contaminated runoff.
0
Implement pollutant source control practices (contain and collect).
Sand filters (strain and dispose).
Wet ponds (Store storm water temporarily - allow settling and collection).
42
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
..
.
e
Construct wetlands for extreme levels of storm water treatment.
Infiltration basindtrenches to increase ground water recharge.
Chemical and filtration treatment systems.
Vegetated filter strip.
Grassed swales.
Porous pavement.
Oil-grit separators.
Holding tanks.
Swirl concentrator.
Catch basins.
Absorbents in drain inlets.
6.6.Fueling Station Design and Management
Designfueling stationsfor ease in cleanup of spills.
Spillage is a source of petroleum hydrocarbons in marinas. Most petroleum-based fuels
are lighter than water and thus float on the surface. This property allows for their capture if
petroleum containment equipment is used in a timely manner. See Appendix 9.4 for an example
of a BMP Programfor the Fuel Dock.
BMPs: (Refer to Section 7.5for fueling BMP details).
1
e
.__
e
e
Locate and design fueling stations so that spills can be contained in a limited area.
Allow room for deployment of containment booms, grade fuel docks to slope away
from the water, use impervious decking, and install bermed treys for fueling portable
fuel container.
Design and implement a spill contingency plan.
Design fueling stations With spill containment equipment.
6.7 Sewage Handling Facility
Install pumpout, dump station, and resiroom facilities where needed at new and expanding
marinas to reduce the release of sewage to surface waters. Design these facilities to allow ease
of access andpost signage to promote use by the boatingpublic.
BMPs: (Refer to Section 7.I 3 for sewage disposal BMP details).
Install fixed point systems.
Utilize portable systems.
Install dedicated slipside systems.
e Post adequate signage.
43
‘3
Section 7
Elements of an Operational BMP Program for Georgia Marinas
Section 6 described Federal BMP guidelines for siting, building and renovating marinas.
This section will help prepare a marina owner manager for developing and implementing a BMP
program specific to his marina operation based on a combination of Federal guidelines, Georgia
regulations and the experience of marina managers nationally. Section 7.1 outlines the steps in
- developing and implementing a program. The remainder of the section describes recommended
BWs for wastes typical-to a marina operation. Remember that all BMPs do not apply to each
marina site and operation. Furthermore, cost - and in some cases, liability - are validfeasibility
considerations.
72 Building a BMP Program
Step 1: Audit your marinafor generated wastes.
A waste audit is the process of determining waste sources and the quantity of each
waste generated and disposed of during marina operations. Analyses of waste sources will
generate options for controlling and disposing of waste materials in an environmentally
responsible and cost-effective manner for your business.
Every area of the marina operation creates sources of waste, which may be disposed of
in various manners. Evaluate the volume of waste generated that collectively is disposed via
dumpster, used oil pick up, recycling centers, etc. This may be as simple as walking around the
marina and visually estimating the types, sources and amounts of wastes generated. It can also
be a comprehensive analysis of procurements, materials use and disposal methods. A more
detailed audit will better define the waste collection and storage system requirements. This
information can be used to identify both waste reduction and environmental damage reduction
options and to assess the operational and economic feasibility of the best options. Management
should include staff in the audit and BMP program development.
Step 2: Evaluate your pollution prevention options.
Options for waste reduction are to reduce, reuse or recycle. The finished waste audit
should provide guidance on these options. Reducing waste should address purchasing (e.g.,
reusable containers, reduced packaging, or buying in bulk). Recommend customers using their
own containers, avoid “disposable” products, and use recycled products. Consider reusing
packaging or returning it to suppliers. Recycling has a popular image, but the supply of
materials exceeds demand and recycling facilities often are not easily accessible.
This section of this manual describes BMP options for pollution prevention. Once your
options are identified, evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of each option. These
evaluations can help determine which pollution options are most suitable for implementation at
your facility. Pollution prevention options range from simple and easy-to-implement techniques
to detailed engineering or design changes. The options you choose will depend on your facility’s
operations, needs, and environmental goals.
44
Step 3: Put your BMP Program in writing - make it a part of your operating
manual.
The heart of the successful BMP program is a training plan for employees, customers
and outside contractors. This plan must require that your BMP program be presented in written
form to those who will actuallyperform most BMPs.
Step 4: Implement your BMP program
Ultimately, carrying out your BMP program is the responsibility of marina employees,
customers and outside contractors. To maximize the effectiveness of waste management plans,
everyone must be led to participate. A successful program will incorporate an educational and
promotional strategy communicating purpose and guidelines. This strategy should include, for
example, employee training, primary topics of newsletters and posters, signs and contractual
agreements.
..
The following sections provide BMP options that suggest ways to minimize pollution
during daily marina operations.
7.2 EPD Stormwater Permit Requirements
’
._.
A stormwater permit and a formal Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan are required for
marinas by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD). The deadline for filing a
“Notice of Intent” to discharge stormwater runoff and obtaining a stormwater permit has passed
for existing facilities. If a marina has not yet obtained a permit, EPD should be contacted to
begin the permitting process now. The stormwater permit requires development and
implementation of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPP). The basis of the plan is to
use BMPs to prevent stormwater from becoming contaminated.
7.3 Marina Site Design BMPs
The principal pollutants in runoff from marina parking and operations areas are
suspended solids and organics, predominately oil and grease. In addition, toxic metals from boat
hull scraping and sanding are part of, or tend to be associated with, the suspended solids.
BMPs:
0
Install pollutant filters and buffers between shoreline/wetlands & upland facilities.
An impervious surface such as concrete or asphalt will act to hasten the flow of
contaminated runoff to the closest surface water. A pervious surface is an effective buffer
between the shoreline or wetlands and the upland facility. Pervious surfaces are best installed
during initial construction, but may be retrofitted, including:
Sand Filters
Sand filters (also known as filtration basins) consist of layers of sand of varying grain
size (grading from coarse sand to fine sands or peat) with an underlying gravel bed for
infiltration, or perforated underdrains for discharge of treated water. Pollutant removal is
primarily achieved by “straining”pollutants through the filtering media and by settling on
top of the sand-bed andor a pretreatment pool. Sand filters may be used on sites with
impermeable soils since the runoff filters through filter media, not native soils. The main
45
factors that influence removal rates are the storage volume, filter media, and detention
time. Sand filters will become clogged with particulates over time. In general, clogging
will occur near the runoff input to the sand filter. Frequent manual maintenance is
required of sand filters, primarily raking, surface sediment removal, and removal of trash,
debris, and leaf litter.
Wet Ponds
Wet ponds are basins designed to maintain a permanent pool of water and allow
temporary collection and settling of storm water. Pollutants are removed by the settling
of particulates, chemical coagulation and precipitation, and biological uptake.
Constructed Wetlands
.
Constructing wetlands is normally an impractical BMP because of cost, except where the
extreme sensitivity of receiving waters warrant exceptional levels of stormwater
treatment.
Infiltration Basinflrenches to Increase Ground Water Recharge
Porous basins and trenches reduce runoff by increasing ground water recharge. Prior to
infiltration, runoff is temporarily stored at the surface, in the case of infiltration basins, or
in subsurface stone-filled trenches. Infiltration devices should drain within 72 hours of a
storm event and should be dry at other times. Infiltration basins have a high failure rate
as a BMP. The type of soil, water table level and other factors affecting drainage must be
carefblly considered.
'3
.._.
Porous Pavement
Porous pavement has a layer of porous top material covering an additional layer of
gravel. A crushed stone-filled groundwater recharge bed is typically installed beneath
these top layers. The runoff infiltrates through the porous asphalt layers and into the
underground recharge bed, then exfiltrates into the underlying soil or into a perforated
pipe system. High sediment loads and oil can result in clogging and eventual failure of
the system, therefore, porous pavement is not appropriate for treatment of runoff from
hull cleaning/maintenance areas. Porous pavement is recommended for low-intensity
automobile parking with quarterly vacuum sweeping or jet-hosing to maintain porosity.
Vegetated Filter Strip
Grassed areas between marina parking and maintenance areas provide a natural filter for
polluted surface water runoff. The effectiveness depends on width, slope, soil type,
vegetation type and permeability. As runoff moves through the vegetation, sediments and
attached pollutants are filtered out. Dissolved pollutants, such as nitrate, are removed by
uptake in plants and through chemical and biological interactions with the soils. These
grassed areas may be used as marina amenities, as long as the grass is not worn down by
trafic.
Grassed Swales
Grassed swales are low gradient conveyance channels that may be used in place of buried
storm drains. To effectively remove pollutants, the swales should have relatively low
slope and adequate length and should be planted with erosion-resistant vegetation.
46
Properly designed and functioning swales provide pollutant removal through filtering by
vegetation of particulate pollutants, biological uptake of nutrients, and infiltration of
runoff. The use of check dams is recommended in the swales to slow the water velocity
and provide a greater opportunity for settling and infiltration. Grassed swales require
mowing and periodic sediment removal.
7.4 Maintenance Area: Site Design and Installation Options
The proper design and operation of the marina maintenance and repair areas is a
significant way to prevent the entry of toxic pollutants from marina property into surface
waters. Recommended design features include the designation of impervious areas (e.g.
cement areas) for hull and engine maintenance and repair areas; the use of roofed areas that
prkvent rain from contacting pollutants; and the creation of diversions and drainage of off-site
runoff away from the maintenance and repair area for separate treatment. Source controls that
collect pollutants and thus keep them out of runoff include the use of sanders with vacuum
attachments, the use of large vacuums for collecting debris from the ground and the use of
tarpaulins under boats that are being sanded or painted.
Specific BMPs for Maintenance Area Site Design:
0
Design boat maintenance areas to contain pollutants: Boat hull maintenance areas
should be designed so that all maintenance activities, which are significant potential
sources of pollutants, can be accomplished over dry land and under roofs (where
practical). This will allow for collection of spills and proper disposal of by-products,
debris, residues, solvents, spills and stormwater runoff.
0
Designate and Control Maintenance and Repair Areas: Boat maintenance and
repair include hull, topside and equipment washing, sanding, painting, fiberglassing
and a wide variety of mechanical work. These activities produce liquid and solid
wastes that must be contained, stored and disposed of. Designating specific areas for
work provides maximum control of wastes, including cleanup in the event of spills.
Once maintenance and repair areas are designated, no work should be allowed outside
of the areas.
0
Establish strict BMP guidelines for repair and maintenance areas: Adequately
convey BMPs to those using the areas. This may include customers and outside
contractors, as well as marina employees. Marina employees should be well versed
in the guidelines and empowered to ensure customers and contractors abide by the
BMPs involved. Before beginning work outside contractors and customers should
sign a contract which includes BMP requirements for the designated areas. (Refer to
Appendix 9.5 for an example of a Marine Maintenance & Repair Hazardous Waste
BMP Program. See Appendix 9.7 and 9.8 for outside contractor and customer
contractprovisions to prevent pollution).
47
0
Indoor Boat Maintenance & Repair is Preferred: Maintenance and repair should
be confined to indoor space whenever possible. This will help contain contaminates
and prevent rain and wind transport into surface waters and wetlands. Occupational
Safety and Health (OSHA) precautions and Clean Air Act provisions must be
followed when working indoors in confined space.
Stencil Warnings on Storm Drains: “Dump no waste - drains to the river”.
0
Use Catchments, Separators, Sorbents in Wash & Maintenance Areas:
Pollutants such as oils and other engine fluids, soaps and other cleaners are
generated in the boat wash and maintenance areas. Pollutants borne by surface water
runoff and wind can be captured and cleaned.
Maintenance Area Installation Options as BMPs:
Oil-Grit Separators
Oil-grit separators may be used to treat water from small areas where other measures are
not feasible and are applicable where activities contribute large loads of grease, oils, mud,
sand, and trash to runoff. Actual pollutant removal only occurs when the collection
chambers are cleaned out. These separators have two chambers, the first of which traps
sediments and the second separates oil. Inspections and maintenance is required semiannually and after major storms.
Holding Tanks
Holding tanks act as underground detention basins that capture and hold stormwater until
it can be treated. There are two types of tanks: first flush and settling tanks. First flush
tanks are used when the time of concentration of the impervious area is 15 minutes or
less. The contents of the tank are transported via pumpout or gravity to another location
for treatment. Excess runoff is discharged via the upstream overflow outlet when the
tank is filled. Settling tanks are used when a pronounced first flush is not expected and
require periodic cleaning.
Swirl Concentrator
A swirl concentrator is a small, compact, solids separation device with no moving parts.
During wet weather the unit’s overflow is restricted, causing the unit to fill and to selfinduce a swirling vortex. Secondary flow currents rapidly separate settleable grit and
floatable matter. The pollutant matter is concentrated for treatment while the cleaner flow
discharges to receiving water. Swirl concentrators are intended for use under high-flow
regimes and may be used in conjunction with settling tanks.
Catch Basins
Catch basins with flow restrictors may be used to prevent large pulses of storm water
from entering surface waters at one time. They provide some settling capacity because
the bottom of the structure is typically lowered 2 to 4 feet below the outlet pipe.
Removal efficiencies for larger particles and debris are high and make catch basins
attractive as pretreatment systems for other practices. The traps of catch basins require
monthly inspections and periodic cleaning.
48
Absorbents in Drain Inlets
While there is a tendency for oil and grease to sorb ta trapped particles, oil and grease
will not ordinarily be captured by catch basins, swirl concentrators or holding tanks.
Absorbent materials placed in these structures in a manner that will allow sufficient
contact between the absorbent and storm water will remove much of the oil and grease
load of runoff. In addition, the performance of oil-grit separators can be enhanced by the
use of absorbents. An absorbentkatch basin system could be designed that treats the
majority of grease and oil in stormwater runoff. Annual replacement of the absorbent
would be sufficient to maintain the system in most cases. Manufacturers report that their
products are able to sorb 10 to 25 times their weight in oil.
Catch Basins with Sand Filters
--
-1
._.
Catch basins wi& sand filters consist of a sedimentation chamber and a chamber filled
with sand. The sedimentation chamber removes coarse particles, helps to prevent
clogging of the filter medium, and provides sheet flow into the filtration chamber. The
sand chamber filters smaller sized pollutants. Catch basins with sand filters are effective
in highly impervious areas where other practices have limited usefulness. The
effectiveness of the sediment chamber for removal of the different particles depends on
the particles’ settling velocity and the chamber’s length and depth. The effectiveness of
the filtration medium depends on the depth of the filter medium.
Catch basins with sand filters should be inspected at least annually, and periodically the
top layer of sand with deposition of sediment should be removed and replaced. In
addition, the accumulated sediment in the sediment chamber should be removed
periodically. With proper maintenance, and replacement of sand, a catch basin with sand
filter should have at least a 50-year life span.
Tarpaulins and Windscreens
Tarps and windscreens can facilitate collection of paint chips and spent abrasive from
paint-removal operations. If site characteristics (Le., minimal slope, high water table,
andor impervious soils) do not allow for use of other practices, screen tarps may be
placed on the ground prior to placement of a boat in a cradle or stand and subsequent
paintindsanding. Solid or waterproof tarps will do a good job of catching dust and
debris, but a heavy rain may wash them clean before the debris is collected. A screen or
porous tarp will allow water to seep through while retaining the debris. Geotextile, the
material used in civil engineering construction projects is an example of a material for a
screen tarp. These tarps may be disposed of in a dumpster going to a state-approved
landfill. Similarly, a pervious cloth windscreen should be installed down wind to collect
wind borne debris Erom the hull maintenance operations.
Special Tools
Vacuum sanders and scrapers equipped with vacuums, for example, are a means to
contain and prevent pollutants from entering surface water by runoff or wind.
Considering having vacuum sanders available for customer rental.
49
7.5 Fueling Operation BMPs
-7
Fueling operations have the potential for the release of gas, diesel and oil into the water
and ground. Release occurs through spillage and through the fuel tank air vents that flow
overboard. Prevention is in the form of proper fuel station design, well-maintained equipment,
leak detection, implementing proper procedures, and user training. Recommended fuel station
design for ease in containment and cleanup of spills is addressed in Section 6.6 of this manual.
See Appendix 9.4for an example of a BMP Programfor the Fuel Dock.
7.5.1 Fueling BMPs as Preventative Measures
0
.
- --
Develop and implement an inspection and preventative maintenance program.
Inspect and maintain fueling equipment at predetermined intervals and fix damages
and leaks promptly.
a. Dispensing equipment. Hose nozzle, hose, hose reel, filters, valves and
dispenser connections must be kept leak free. Maintain properly positioned catch
pans with absorbent pads for the occurrence of small leaks and nozzle drip.
Remove holding clips from automatic backpressure sensitive shut-off nozzles.
Do not allow chocks in the area for holding nozzles open - nozzles must be kept
open by hand during fueling. Keep hose reels tracking and locking properly to
avoid hose damage.
b. Fuel storage tanks and lines. Inspect the integrity of impervious curbs, berms
and other secondary containment for above ground tanks (containment should be
capable of handling 110% of the largest tank in the enclosure). Valves and
connections must be kept leak free.
Underground storage tanks (UST) must comply with Federal Regulations, including leak
detection, spill and overfill detection and corrosion protection. Your UST installation,
maintenance program and record keeping should meet the basic EPA requirements and any other
standards set by the Georgia EPD for your facility.
For information on USTs, refer to “EPA Musts For USTs - A Summary of Federal
Regulations for Underground Storage tank Systems’’ (I). For information specific to your marina
UST installation, contact GA DNR EPD’s Environmental Specialist (2).
0
Use fueling shut off devices.
a. Valves. Non-emergency and emergency shut off valves should be maintained
in the line at strategic locations to allow quick and easy shut down for system
maintenance, filter changes and to stem the flow of leaks before and during
repairs. Pressure drop sensitive electric solenoid valves should be positioned
landward of the fuel dock and periodically tested.
‘’J
(I) “Musts For USTs A Summary of Federal Regulations For Underground Storage Tank Systems”, US
EPA, EPA 510-K-95-002,
July 1995.
(*) GA DNR EPD Southeast Georgia Regional Office, Ms. Bonnie P. Cantu, Environmental Specialist,
Abercom Center, Suite 130,6555 Abercorn St., Savannah, GA 31405,(912)353-3225.
50
b. Emergency electrical fuel shut off. Switches should be located in clear view
of and accessible to the fuel dock operator, with signage for customer alert.
c. Boat fuel tank vent fill indicators. Encourage the use of fuel/air separators in
boat fuel vent lines to signal that the tank is nearing full. These separators prevent
the almost inevitable small spills that occur when filling fuel tanks. In the
absence of a separator, hold an absorbent pad at the vent opening or use a
container that lies flush on the hull under the vent.
7.5.2 BMPs for Monitoring Fuel Leakage from Storage Tanks or Lines
0
0
:.>
Track and reconcile fuel inventories. Accurate tracking of daily fuel sales and
reconciliation with inventories is an important means to verify that fuel is not being
lost through leakage. The procedure involves setting up a form on paper or on
computer to record beginning and ending gallon and dollar readings for each
dispenser. These totals should be compared to sales ticket totals for the day and
confirmed against periodic “stick” or electronic inventory measurements of tank
levels. A reason should be determined for any inventory shortage.
Look for the following signs of leakage.
a. Oily sheen on surface waters
b. Fuel soaked soil
c. Fuel odor in soil or water
d. Tank water increase - if water is leaking in, fuel may be leaking out.
7.5.3 Develop a Standard BMP Procedurefor Fuel Spill Response
Spills must be controlled immediately. U.S. Coast Guard regulations require that
all spills that cause a visible sheen on the water be reported. Using absorbents, such as
the commercially available products, straw or sawdust can contain land spills. Spills in
the water require the commercial products. If a spill is experienced, it is wise not to try to
handle it alone. Contact the Coast Guard and GA DNR for assistance. State and Federal
regulations require the prompt reporting of spills.
BMPs for responding to fuel spills include the development of a standard fuel
spill plan. For the elements of a fuel spill plan, refer to Appendix 9.3, “Example - Fuel
and Oil Spill Response Plan ”.
7.5.4 Implement Fueling BMP Information and Training
0
Who to inform and train? Employees, boat owners and fuel delivery personnel all
have the opportunity to spill fuel and to contain fuel spills. Employee training is the
most critical, as they may have the greatest chance to influence your customers and
delivery personnel. Employee training is usually an ongoing process because of
personnel turnover, so written training materials with formal practice drills are most
effective. Customer training occurs through contracts, newsletters and pamphlets, but
most effectively by employee guidance and signage at the fuel dock. A video (3) is
(3) “Keeping it Clean: Making Safe and Spill Free Motor Fuel Deliveries”, Environmental Media Center,
Box 30212, Bethesda, MD 20814 - 1 (800) 522-0362 (25 minute video, cost $60).
51
available for &el tanker drivers and UST owner/operators with instructions for
pollution-free deliveries.
7.6 A Summary of Georgia Rules(4)
for Disposing of Collected Wastes
7.6.1 Nonhazardous Solid Wastes
-
Solid waste generated by your facility from maintenance operations must be
disposed of in a manner consistent with the State of Georgia Rules for Solid Waste
Management Chapter 391-3-4. The definition of solid waste referenced in the Rules is
specific, but it is generally a material that does not have further use in a manner that it
was intended, and cannot be recycled or reused. Solid waste must be disposed of at an
EPD approved solid waste disposal site, (e.g. landfill site). Dumpsters can be leased and
located at your site by a local solid waste management operator. Just because something
can be recycled, does not mean it is being recycled. Sixty percent of waste materials
must be removed, sold, or recycled every 90 days to avoid waste accumulation [391-3-404 (7) (C)]. (Refer to Section 7.7for more information).
7.6.2 Nonhazardous Liquid Wastes
Generally any nonhazardous liquid waste may be disposed of at a landfill,
provided that the waste is in a form that does not allow free liquid to escape. Provided
the material is nonhazardous, it may be mixed with sawdust, kitty litter, or a commercial
absorbent (e.g., Oil-Dry) to absorb the liquid, containerized and disposed of at an EPD
approved landfill. A landfill cannot accept liquid wastes as per the State solid waste
management rules, so any nonhazardous liquid wastes must be put in the above-described
form. (Refer to Section 7.8for more information).
7.6.3 Hazardous Wastes
Hazardous waste disposal is a more involved disposal process. You may be
surprised at the amount of hazardous wastes you are disposing of in violation of the
Georgia Hazardous Waste management Act - more than likely unintentionally on your
part. (Refer to Section 7.9for more information).
7.7 Nonhazardous Solid WasteBMPs
Marinas should properly dispose of solid wastes produced by the operation, cleaning,
maintenance, and repair of boats to limit entry of solid wastes into surface waters. Marina
operators are responsible for determining what types of wastes will be generated at the marinas
and ensuring proper disposal. Marina operators are responsible for the contents of their
dumpsters and the management of solid waste on their property.
Georgia Rules summaries provided by GA DNR EPD, Coastal District Office, Abercorn Center, 6555
Abercom Street, Suite 130, Savannah, GA 3 1405, (912) 353-3225.
(4)
52
7.7.1 The MARPOL Treaty
The MARPOL Treaty (MARine POLlution Treaty - a convention of the
International Maritime Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations)
influences solid waste management at marinas. The management of solid waste at
marinas is regulated by the “Rules of Georgia DNR EPD under Chapter 391-3-4, Solid
Waste Management”.
..
The MARPOL Treaty prohibits dumping of any of the following within 3 nautical
miles of the U.S. coastline:
a. Garbage (food wastes)
b. Plastics
c. Trash (non-plastic)
d. Packaging
e. Line
f. Nets
g. Fish cleaning wastes
MARPOL requires reception facilities for garbage at ports, which includes
recreational boating marinas. Management of solid waste to satisfy MARPOL conditions
means balancing the requirements of boaters and the facility itself. See Section 4. I6
Regulationsfor the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage@om Ships (MRPOL).
BMPs associated with MARPOL regulations:
e Have adequate waste containers for boaters trash disposal.
e Provide easy access to the waste containers and ease of use.
e Ensure that containers have lids in place.
e Ensure containers for recyclables are clearly labeled.
e Ensure that containers are emptied into the dumpster or sent to the recycling center
regularly.
e Don’t allow containers to overflow.
e Keep dumpster drains closed.
e Do not allow customers to put waste directly into the dumpster. Marina operators
should know and control what goes into the dumpster.
0
Call for waste pick-up before the dumpster is completely full.
e Consider variations in seasonal demand.
e Instruct boaters, outside contractors and employees about disposal methods.
e Provide clearly marked recycling receptacles.
e Install solid waste disposal information signs.
A variety of methods are used to meet these requirements. While some marinas
meet all the criteria by having one dumpster in a central location, others use many small
receptacles in special protective coverings and more than one dumpster. Inefficient
methods include: (1) too many receptacles, which requires intensive labor for emptying;
(2) receptacles too close to the water, which requires additional labor to remove trash
from the water; and (3) inconvenient location of receptacles.
Be user friendly. The presence of lights around trash receptacles and signs with
directions to receptacles makes waste disposal easier for boaters. Informational signage
53
helps to prevent inappropriate trash disposal (e.g., used oil in the dumpster or bags of
trash left on the dock) and facilitates recycling.
7.7.2 The Georgia Rulesfor Solid WasteManagement
The Georgia Rules for Solid Waste Management, Chapter 391-3-4 defines solid
waste management regulations for businesses and individuals, including marinas @).
.
BMPs derived from Georgia regulations include:
0
Dispose of marina solid waste in “Municipal Solid Waste Landfills”.
Disposal of lead acid batteries and regulated hazardous wastes as defined in DNR
EPD Rules, Chapter 391-3-9 are not permitted in landfills.
0
Open dumping of solid wastes is not permitted. The only appropriate location for the
disposal of solid wastes is at an EPD approved landfill. Some marinas may generate
wastes consisting of wood scrap, metal scrap, etc. Some of this material may have a
valid reuse for other projects at the marina. The EPD would accept the fact that
materials such as these were stored on site for future use, provided that these
materials are reusable and axe neatly stored or stacked in a manner that does not pose
environmental risk. Otherwise, material, that has no logical future use and the intent
is disposal, must be transported and disposed of at a landfill.
7’.7.3 BMPs for Specific Solid Wastes of Concern
Residues from abrasive blasting, sanding and pressure washing:
0
Collect and contain residues.
Use dustless-vacuum equipment and make it available to customers to rent.
0
Use catchmenthecycling equipment for pressure wash water.
0
Steam cleaning over an impervious surface to collect and contain effluent.
a. If detergents or solvents are not used, an oil/water separator can allow effluent to
meet sanitary sewer standards.
b. If detergents and solvents are used, an oillwater separator will not work.
Treatment or recycling systems must be used and as industrial wastewater, this
effluent may not discharge to a septic system.
0
Conduct activities indoors or in an enclosed area over a surface designed to collect
residues.
a. Use windscreens to collect and contain wind-borne residues.
b. Dispose of collected residues in a dumpster destined for an approved Municipal
Solid Waste Landfill.
0
For wastes that contain quantities of hazardous residues, contact the GA EPD for
handling recommendations(‘).
Georgia Rules summaries provided by GA DNR EPD, Coastal District Office, Abercorn Center, 6555
Abercom Street, Suite 130, Savannah, GA 3 1405, (912) 353-3225.
()‘ GA DNR EPD, Southeast Regional Office, Abercorn Center, 6555 Abercorn St., Suite 130, Savannah,
GA 3 1405, (912) 353-3225.
(5)
‘
3
54
3
Construction and reDair wastes:
0
Recycle concrete as riprap if possible. (Must first remove wood and any exposed
rebar. Cannot use painted concrete. It is not legal to cover riprap with soil).
0
Asphalt cannot be used as riprap because of petroleum content.
0
Dispose of treated timbers in a landfill. (Never burn CCA treated materials, arsenic
may be transported by wind, remain in soil or runoff to surface waters).
Derelict boats:
Saw up and transport to a landfill, unless it is feasible to clean properly for a DNR
permitted artificial fishing reef application.
7.8 :Nonhazardous_LiquidWaste BMPs
Marinas should provide and maintain appropriate storage, transfer, containment, and
disposal facilities for liquid material, such as oil, harmful solvents, antifreeze, and paints, and
encourage recycling of these materials. Be aware that some spent parts washer fluid, waste
gasoline, and some highly flammable waste, solvents such as acetone are hazardous waste and
must be handled as such. The goal is to minimize entry of potentially harmful liquid materials
into marina and surface waters through proper storage and disposal. Marina operators are
responsible for the proper storage of liquid materials for sale and for final disposal of liquid
wastes, such as waste fuel, used oil, spent solvents, and spent antifreeze. Marina operators
should decide how liquid waste is to be placed in the appropriate containers and disposed of.
Customers should be informed on approved disposal techniques.
Georgia does not have a “liquid waste management rule”, except for those liquid wastes
classified as hazardous. Generally though, any nonhazardous liquid waste may be disposed of at
a landfill, provided that the waste is in a form that does not allow free liquid to escape, and thus
does not meet the definition of liquids.
BMPs for nonhazardous wastes:
Nonhazardous liquid may be mixed and absorbed with sawdust or kitty litter type
material.
0
Place the mixture in a labeled, impervious container.
0
Dispose of at an EPD approved landfill.
A landfill cannot accept liquid wastes as per the State Solid Waste Management
Rules, so any nonhazardous liquid wastes must be put in the above-described form.
0
m:
Georgia does have specific guidelines for hazardous wastes which are addressed in the
Georgia Hazardous Waste Management Act. Learn what constitutes a hazardous waste and
handle any waste as hazardous until you know otherwise.
7.9 Hazardous Liquid Waste BMPs
3
Hazardous waste disposal is a more involved disposal process than for nonhazardous
materials. You may be surprised at the amount of hazardous wastes you are disposing of in
violation of the Georgia Hazardous Waste management Act - more than likely unintentionally
55
3
on your part. (Refer to Appendix 9.5, “Example - Marina Maintenance & Repair Hazardous
Waste BMP Program ’7.
7.9.1 Recognize the Characterization of Hazardous Waste according to
Georgia’s Hazardous Waste Rules
Imitability: It is easily ignited and has a flash point of less that 140’ F. Examples of
ignitable wastes are paint wastes (such as lacquer thinner), certain degreasers (such as
naphtha and mineral spirits), gasoline, and other solvents (such as acetone).
.-
.
Corrositivitv: It dissolves metals and other materials, burns skin, and has a pH of less
than 2, or greater- than 12.5. Examples are waste rust remover, waste acid, alkaline
cleaning fluids, and waste battery acid.
Reactivitv: It is unstable or undergoes a rapid andor violent change with water or other
materials.
Toxicitv: It is toxic as determined by laboratory testing. These wastes contain
dangerous amounts of metals, pesticides, herbicides, and organic chemicals that could be
released to groundwater. The list of toxic contaminants contains eight metals (Arsenic,
Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, Selenium, and Silver), four pesticides,
two herbicides, and 25 chemicals such as toluene and xylene.
-+.
A second class of hazardous wastes is defined as Listed Hazardous Wastes. Your waste
is automatically classified as listed hazardous waste if it appears on any one of the four lists of
hazardous wastes found in the hazardous waste regulations. These wastes have been listed
because they practically always exhibit one or more of the hazardous waste characteristics
described previously or contain any number of toxic chemicals that have been shown to be
harmful to human health or the environment. The regulations list over 400 hazardous wastes.
7.9.2 Determine if Your Operation is Generating Hazardous Waste
a. Assuming that waste is hazardous by applying product knowledge. Product
knowledge may come from the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS); or
b. Determine if the waste is listed as a hazardous waste; or
c. Collect and send a sample of the waste to a laboratory for a hazardous waste
characteristic determination.
If you determine a waste is listed as a hazardous waste, you do not need to have it
tested for the four characteristics. Any waste that is determined to be nonhazardous and
is not a liquid can be disposed of at a solid waste disposal facility permitted by the EPD.
56
0
I
‘3
If you generate hazardous waste, determine your generator category:
a. Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator: a CESQG is any generator of
hazardous waste that produces a total of less than or equal to 220 Ib. of hazardous
waste in any calendar month.
b. Small Quantity Generator: a SQG is any generator of hazardous waste that
produces a total of greater than 220 Ib. And less than 2,200 Ib. of hazardous waste in
any calendar month.
c. Large Quantity Generator: a LQG is any generator that produces a total of 2,200
Ib. or more of hazardous waste in any calendar month.
-
Once you have determined your generator category, contact the GA EPD, Coastal
District, Savannah Office, 6555 Abercorn Street, Suite 130, Savannah, GA, 31405 or
the Brunswick office at 1 Conservation Way, Brunswick, GA, 31520 and request a
copy of the “Notification of Regulated waste Activity” booklet. This booklet contains
a form to be completed and returned to the GA EPD. You will receive an EPA
location ID number and rules applicable to the amount of hazardous waste produced
per month by your marina.
For Hazardous Waste Generator Requirements, refer to Appendix 9.2.
7.9.3 BMPsfor Liquid Waste Storage Areas
0
Build berms, curbs, or other barriers around areas used for the storage of liquid
materials to contain spills. (Containment should handle 10% of the material stored or
110% of the largest container, which ever is greater).
Routinely inspect storage areas for containment leaks (document inspections).
Store materials in areas impervious to the type of material stored.
Do not install drains in the floors of storage areas.
Store wastes where they cannot come in contact with rainwater. Stormwater runoff
can become contaminated by rain that comes in contact with storage areas.
7.9.4 BMPsfor Liquid Waste Containers
0
0
0
Provide separate containers for disposal of liquids and do not mix different liquids.
Clearly label containers for contents.
Cover containers in a manner that will prevent rainwater from entering the containers
or spillage if the container is overturned.
Provide location and sufficient space between containers to allow visible inspections
on a routine basis.
Do not allow customers to deposit wastes directly into designated containers.
Contaminated liquids may not be accepted for recycling and may have little or
reduced value if being sold.
Provide signs directing customers on disposal procedures and locations.
57
7.10 Fish Cleaning WasteBMPs
Fish Wastes are biodegradable, but improper disposal of fish waste can degrade water
quality and cause odor and aesthetic problems. Fish waste should not be placed in areas that will
degrade the water quality. For example, fish waste may become trapped or washed ashore if
disposed of in poorly flushed locations such as dead end lagoons and in between docks.
..
.
’
.
BMPs
0
Encourage fishermen to recycle fish wastes back into the ecosystem in a way that will
not affect water quality or have other environmental impacts.
0
Determine areas in the marina that do not flush well or may trap floating fish wastes.
Place signs warning fishermen not to dispose of fish wastes in these areas.
0
Designate fish cleaning sites and post waste disposal techniques at these sites.
7.11 Boat Bilge Petroleum Control BMPs
Fuel and oil pollution fiom boat bilges can come from many sources, including sinkings,
sloppy maintenance and repair procedures, engine and equipment leaks, oil line ruptures and
careless fueling. Any discharge of contaminated bilgewater is the responsibility of the vessel
owner or captain. The marina operator’s duty is to ensure that the vessel owner or captain
remains aware of this responsibility and to be prepared for the event of oily discharge.
BMPs
0
Advise customers not to pump bilgewater overboard while in the marina unless they
are sure it is fiee of all contaminants.
0
Prohibit the discharge of petroleum in marina waters in dockage contracts.
0
Advise boaters that they are liable for any pollutant discharged form their boat - even
if they are not on board at the time of discharge.
0
Post signs warning of prohibition of discharge of petroleum in marina waters.
0
Through newsletters or fliers, educate customers on the prevention of petroleum spills
into boat bilges, including proper preventive maintenance and how to contain and
absorb small leaks.
0
Recommend to customers that they dry bilges before an oil change.
0
Promote and sell absorbent pads for use in bilges and outboard motor wells.
0
Instruct boat owners on the proper disposal of used absorbent pads.
0
Maintain an adequate inventory of absorbent booms and pads for the event of release
of contaminated bilgewater fiom the marina’s largest vessel.
7.12 Boat Cleaning BMPs
Boat cleaning tends to be done by customers or marina employees wherever the boat is at
the time. Cleaning operations include simple scrubbing of the decks or hull to pressure washing
prior to painting. Many cleaning jobs require the use of chemicals, cleaners or petroleum based
products, all of which can be spilled or otherwise released into marina waters. Some jobs create
potentially hazardous liquid and solid wastes that must be disposed of properly.
:J
58
Boat Cleaning BMPs
Avoid major cleaning jobs over the water.
Use non-alkaline phosphate-free biodegradable detergents. Phosphate is a plant
nutrient. High phosphate levels, especially in poorly flushed water bodies, can lead to
excessive algae growth, bacterial decomposition, low oxygen levels in the water, and
fish kills.
Discourage use of detergents containing ammonia, sodium hyperchlorite, chlorinated
solvents, lye or petroleum distillates.
If boats are in the water:
a. Wash decks and hull regularly with plain water to minimize use of
environmentally harmhl cleaners.
b. Ensure no release of harmful cleaners or solvents into marina waters.
c. Do not use power scrubbers to clean hulls.
d. Do not clean hulls coated with sloughing paints.
e. Do not scrub hulls with excessive force as to actually remove the paint
surface.
Conduct activities ashore in a designated enclosed area over a surface designed to
collect residues.
a. Place boat over a non-porous pad (unless the pad is designed to be porous
with a catchment). This, in conjunction with a berm around the area, will aid
in containment and cleanup.
b. Work should be done inside when possible to help contain contaminants and
prevent rain from washing them into marina waters.
c. If wash water is non-toxic, use a porous material to catch debris while
allowing water to flow through. Often non-porous tarps will allow debris to
float off with high water volume.
d. Use windscreens to collect and contain wind-borne residues.
e. Use catchmenthecycling equipment for pressure wash water.
Steam clean over an impervious surface to collect and contain effluent.
a. If detergents or solvents are not used, an oiVwater separator can allow effluent
to meet sanitary sewer standards.
b. If detergents and solvents are used, an oil/water separator will not work.
Treatment or recycling systems must be used and as industrial wastewater,
this effluent may not discharge to a septic system.
Design and place filter catchments (screen, filter cloth, hay bales) in storm drains in
the wash area. (Refer to Section 7.3for catchment installation options).
Consider recycling wash water that has been screened, settled, filtered or treated for
reuse as pressure wash water or for irrigation.
Check with your sanitary sewer district if there is any question about system
acceptance requirements for level of water purity.
Dispose of collected residues, if eligible, in a dumpster destined for an approved
landfill. (Refer to Section 7.8for eligibility information).
59
7.13 Sanitary Waste and GraywaterDisposal BMPs
Boat sewage, when pumped overboard without proper treatment, introduces bacteria and
nutrients into the water. Bacteria can lead to health problems in swimmers and shellfish
consumers. Excess nutrients in the water can use dissolved oxygen through direct
decomposition, or through stimulation of algal growth which may further deplete oxygen levels.
The volume generated by the typical boat is not great, but when large numbers of boats are
present, this waste can become significant. The Clean Vessel Act of 1972 makes it illegal to
discharge untreated sewage overboard.
There are four types of US Coast Guard approved toilets or Marine Sanitation Devises
(MSD) for use on US waters. MSD types I and I1 are designed to treat the water for overboard
discharge. MSD type I11 uses a holding tank and requires pumpout equipment. The fourth is
portable toilet that must be carried ashore to empty. In addition to sewage, there is “graywater”
which is discharge from sinks, laundry and showers. With population growth and increased
boating activity, the availability of sanitary pumpout stations at marinas becomes more
important. Additionally, marinas must educate customers about the importance of using the
pumpout service and to encourage use by making the service user-friendly.
..
‘3
Boat Sewage
BMPs:
Require zero discharge of sewage into marina waters (dockage contract provision
and signage).
Provide a pumpout station to encourage the discharge of holding tanks ashore.
System options:
a. Fixed Point System - One or more centrally located system, usually at the end of
a pier or fuel dock.
b. Portable System - Portable or mobile systems are similar to the fixed point
system and are often used in their place at the fuel dock, but can be moved to a
boat if necessary. This system is often the most convenient, assessable and
economical.
c. Dedicated Slipside System - Provides continuous wastewater collection at a slip
Provide directions to the pumpout station, hours of operation and cost.
Provide a dump station for portable heads (head chemicals can damage your septic
system).
Dispose of pumpout station waste into a municipal sewer system.
Do not dispose of pumpout station waste into a septic system unless it has been
specifically designed for this purpose.
Promote the use of tank deodorants and disinfectants that are not harmful to the
environment.
If your marina has no pumpout station, or for the event of your equipment being
inoperative, advise customers of the nearest facility or mobile pumpout service.
Educate boaters via billing inserts or newsletters to use pumpout stations.
Encourage boaters to use shoreside restrooms, not boat heads. Provide adequate and
clean restrooms.
Keep your pumpout station well maintained and in good working order. Regularly
inspect the equipment and lines, log inspections and promptly arrange repairs.
60
0
0
.
..
.
-
Provide incentives for employees to promote and operate the pumpout station.
Provide BMPs for safe and sanitary operation of the station.
BMPs for Graywater from Galley and Bath:
0
Reduce the amount of graywater produced by using marina facilities ashore.
0
Use only biodegradable and phosphate free soaps or cleaners. Advise customers not
to use soaps containing phosphates.
0
Use as little amount of cleaner as possible.
0
Scrub down the boat with no cleaner, with water only, more frequently.
0
Look at the labels, buy only environmentally safe products; lemon juice, vinegar,
baking soda, and elbow grease are safe ingredients. Avoid products that contain
phosphate, sodium hydroxide, butoxyethanol, butylcellusolve, and other toxic
ingredients.
0
If marina does not flush well, consider requiring boat graywater holding tank,which
would be pumped out in the same manner as sanitary sewage holding tanks.
7.14 Marina Vehicles,Boats and Equipment BMPs
Your maintenance standards for marina vehicles, boats and equipment are a visible badge
of the professionalism of management. Many customers view keeping these items clean and
non-polluting as an indicator of your business’s commitment to safety and to the environment.
This reflection can have a bearing on the environmental consciousness and actions of customers
in your marina.
BMPs:
0
Establish daily, weekly and monthly inspection procedures for pollution prevention.
0
Perform maintenance and repairs promptly, using appropriate maintenance area
BMPs.
0
Restrict operating and parking to areas designed for containing and collecting fluid
spills.
0
Provide drip trays or other containment wherever leaks could occur.
7.15 Herbicide, Pesticide and Fertilizer BMPs
Grounds maintenance can result in the release of toxic substances and nutrients directly
or indirectly into the surface water.
BMPs:
0
Avoid or at least minimize the use of toxic herbicides or pesticides for weed and
insect control.
0
Use natural and sustainable gardening practices whenever possible.
61
7.16 Retail Operations BMPs
The marina store is an excellent place to demonstrate commitment to environmental
responsibility by promoting the use of environmentally compatible (friendly) products (e.g.,
degradable soaps) and practices (e.g., recycling, proper waste disposal). The promotion of
environmentally-friendly products in your store makes the consumer more aware of what
products they should and should not be using. The retail operation has the potential to impact the
environment through practices of purchasing, selling, packaging and return, and recycling of
specific used products.
BMPs:
..
‘I
Purchasing
0
Place purchasing emphasis on environmentally acceptable products.
0
Choose manufacturers and suppliers with environmental policies similar to your own.
0
Manage inventories for shelf life, return policies, bulk buying, high-recycled content
and durability.
Selling
0
Know your products potential for environmental impact.
0
Promote the sale of the following items:
a. Fuel and oil additives that increase engine efficiency reduce fuel consumption and
decrease air emissions;
b. Recycled oil and anti-freeze;
C. Petroleum absorbent and fuel spill prevention products;
d. Bilge pump discharge filters;
e. Fuel-air separators for fuel tank vents;
f. Dustless sanders.
0
Train store staff on how environmentally safe products differ from traditional
products.
0
Promote environmentally acceptable products over others.
Packminx
0
Buy inbulk.
0
Reuse packaging.
0
Request suppliers reduce packaging to a minimum for safe shipping and to ship in
reusable containers.
0
Sell or provide reusable cotton or canvas bags for customers.
0
Sell bulk supplies (e.g., oil) for which customers can provide their own containers.
Returns
0
Implement an exchange service policy to accept recyclable returns on:
a. Old batteries
b. Used antifreeze
c. Used oil and oil filters
62
7.17 Environmental Emergency Preparedness and Response
Emergency preparedness planning is a primary aspect of environmental management.
Devastating consequences can result from the failure to properly respond to an emergency.
7.17.1 BMPs for Developing and Implementing an Emergency Response Plan
.
-
0
3
Assess the potential causes of emergencies. Marina emergencies with environmental
consequences include:
a. Spills
b. Fire
c. Hurricanes
d. Boat sinkings
Write response plans for each type of emergency. Include pollution prevention
measures. Each emergency requires different specific actions, but the sequence of
actions will be similar for all. (Refer to Appendix 9.3, Example-Fuel and Oil Spill
Response Plan).
Train and inform employees and customers according to the written plan.
Test the plan - preferably with just a drill, rather than a hurricane. Revise and
upgrade it as necessary through lessons learned.
Involve outside agencies in planning.
a. Invite the local fire department, emergency management agency and spill
responders to visit your marina for familiarization with facility, operations and
hazards. They need to know what to expect when responding to an emergency.
b. Coordinate response timing with agencies. For example, plan your hurricane
preparation to parallel emergency management agency evacuation schedules.
c. Provide the following pertinent information to the agencies:
J Marina personnel contacts.
J Marina site plan with locations of stored pollutants and information about
pollutants stored on premises.
J Specific information on how to access areas where pollutants are stored
(e.g., gates, locks).
J Material Safety Data Sheets for pollutants of concern in an emergency.
J Location and access to containment or spill equipment.
J Storage methods (underground tank,glass containers, steel drums).
J Amounts of pollutants (maximum amounts on daily and average basis and
number of days on site per year).
7.17.2 BMP Elements for a Basic Emergency Response Plan
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
First response actions by personnel on site.
Reporting requirements.
Detailed response actions for each type of emergency.
Employee and management responsibilities defined.
A site plan.
Potential emergencies on site.
Emergency response equipment inventory and locations.
Emergency response services and contact numbers (oil spill clean-up, salvage
companies, etc).
63
0
0
0
0
0
Emergency response agencies and contact numbers (fire department, police, Coast
Guard, DNR, etc). See Appendix 9.9for Emergency Contact List.
Emergency response plan training and testing schedule.
Emergency response equipment inspection and replenishment schedule.
Records of training and equipment inspection.
Disposal plans for collected spills and used absorbent materials.
Note: Yourplan must be tested at intervals designed to allow the staff to become thoroughly
familiar with the emergency procedures and equipment. It cannot be over-stressed that it is
imperative to involve the agencies and companies that will be responding to actual
emergencies in your emergency planning and training. Keep in mind, people first, property
second.
..
7.17.3 Specific BMPs for a Major Spill on Shore
(&., damage to afuel storage tank)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Stop or control the spill.
Determine if any secondary containment is damaged.
Cut off electricity in the vicinity of the spill if flammable.
Inform the duty supervisor who will call the designated spill responder to be on
standby or to mobilize.
If secondary containment is absent or damaged:
a. Deploy containment booms to prevent flow toward marina waters or storm drains.
b. Construct temporary dikes or put covers on storm drains.
If a chance exists that the spill will enter the water, notify the GA DNR and U.S.
Coast Guard and adjacent facilities. See Appendix 9.9for Emergency Contact List.
When spill is contained, collect the liquid in suitable containers.
If the volume of spill is excessive, contract removal with your spill responder.
Dispose of used absorbent materials via your spill responder.
If necessary have contaminated soil removed by and accredited clean up company.
7.17.4 Specific BMPs for a Major Spill on Water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Identify the source of the spill.
Stop or control the spill (fuel shutoff valves, etc).
Determine the size and drift of the spill and quantities involved.
Cut off electricity in the vicinity of the spill.
Inform the duty supervisor who will call the designated spill responder to be on
standby or to mobilize.
Notifl the GA DNR and U.S. Coast Guard and adjacent facilities immediately.
For small gasoline spills (less than 5 gallons):
a. Allow gas to evaporate naturally
b. Isolate electricity from spill vicinity
c. Do not attempt to contain or collect gasoline because of risk of fire/explosion
d. Spray the sheen with water to hasten evaporation
64
For larger gasoline spills:
a. Take steps above as with small spills
b. Evacuate everyone from spill vicinity
c. Contact the fire department
d. Call your spill responder to contain and remove the gasoline.
0
0
For other petroleum spills:
a. Immediately deploy absorbent booms to prevent the spill from spreading.
Surround the source if possible
b. Once the spill is contained, apply additional absorbents as necessary
c. Call your spill responder to contain and remove the absorbed liquids and the used
absorbent materials
Keep boat traffic clear of the area to prevent wakes from interfering with spill
response efforts.
7.1 7.5 Environmental BMPs for Fire Response
0
0
0
Evacuate neighboring boats from the docks and clear the docks.
If the fire involves any release of pollutants into the water, respond according to your
spill response plan.
Close all fuel supply line valves in the vicinity.
7.17.6 Environmental BMPs for Hurricane Preparation
.._.
Hurricane preparation requires a tremendous amount of advance planning. The
marina and boats must be prepared to weather the storm early enough to allow evacuation
of personnel according to Emergency Management Agency schedules. Consequently,
hurricane BMPs to prevent water pollution must be done well before the threat of a
hurricane.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Design the dock fuel supply for shut-off and easy disconnect at the landwater
interface. This can minimize impacts due to storm action ripping the supply lines
loose.
Remove all oils and other pollutants from the fuel dock and dock boxes.
Encourage boaters to evacuate boats from the marina to minimize sinkings.
Keep waste and recyclable containers empty during hurricane season.
Move retail inventory and maintenance use pollutants to safety.
Fill underground fuel storage tanks to minimize fuel contamination from rising waters
and, if necessary, to prevent the tanks from floating.
Cap fuel tank vents and secure fill openings.
7.17.7 Environmental BMPs for Boat Sinkings
0
0
.3
0
0
Deploy containment booms around the vessel or in as large a circle as possible if the
boat is in deep water.
Once the spill is contained, apply additional absorbents as necessary.
Call your spill responder to contain and remove the absorbed liquids and the used
absorbent materials.
Call your salvage operator to begin raising and removal of the vessel.
65
3
7.18Boat Operation Management BMPs
The operation of boats in the sliallow waters of a marina can adversely impact habitat.
Boat wash can resuspend bottom sediment, resulting in the reintroduction of toxic substances
into the water column. It can increase turbidity, which hinders photosynthesis by submerged
aquatic vegetation. Submerged aquatic vegetation provides habitat for marine life and plays an
important part in maintaining water quality through assimilating nutrients. Submerged aquatic
vegetation also reduces wave energy, protecting shorelines and bottom habitats from erosion and
is difficult to reestablish once it is uprooted.
BMPs:
0
Exclude motorized vessels fiom areas that contain shallow water habitat.
0
Establish and enforce no-wake zones to decrease turbidity.
7.19 Trainingfor Pollution Prevention
Throughout this manual in every area of marina operation, there has been reference to
training employees, customers and outside contractors for a successful BMP program. Training
is the key and it is the toughest part of implementing and maintaining a program Protecting
our natural environment needs to become a state of mind or an attitude. Training has to begin
with a thorough explanation of the problem and lead to an understanding of the need for
environmental protection. Continual reinforcement must follow to instill the understanding that
each of us is part of our ecology and responsible for its protection.
The activities of marina employees, customers and subcontractors have direct impact on
the environment. However, marina management must understand these activities and related
impacts in order to modify management techniques to minimize those impacts. Employee BMP
training must be a structured part of management policy and be an ongoing part of personnel
development. Also, management must lead by example and provide the equipment and materials
necessary to support the policy.
Outside contractors working on site on customers boats or marina equipment must be
made aware of and to comply with marina environmental policies. Outside contractors should
have to sign'an agreement - before being allowed to begin work - to comply with marina policies
and to be financially responsible for the consequences of their actions. Refer to Appendix 9.7for
an example of an outside contractor contract.
Customer education is best achieved by seeing marina management and employees
setting a good example in following established environmental BMPs. People respond
voluntarily when in an environment that is operated and managed with care. Dockage contracts
and marina regulations should make the formal introduction to marina BMP policies. Refer to
Appendix 9.8 for suggested environmental provisions for marina contracts. Seminar, fliers,
signs and newsletters can serve to develop an understanding and appreciation of marina
environmental issues and related BMPs.
i
66
7.19.1 BMPsfor Employee Training
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
--
.
Involve every employee in an environmental audit of marina activities.
Ask each to list potential environmental impacts from their job.
Discuss the findings as a group.
Use this manual as a basis for further audit of potential problems and solutions.
Request employee BMPs suggestions and evaluate those and those in this manual as a
group before implementing.
Reward environmental initiatives.
Note: In addition to these general BMP training techniques, there are operations and
emergencies that require very specific training. For example, training f o r BMPs
regarding fueling, sanitary wastes, maintenance techniques and for emergency
response to fire, hurricane or spills requires standard written information and hands
on use of the equipment and materials involved.
7.19.2 BMPs for Outside Contractor Training
Provide contractors copies of your marina BMP policy information that pertain to the
work they do on site.
0
Do not allow work to begin without a signed Outside Contractor Agreement.
0
Do not allow any activities that do not follow marina BMP policies.
0
Ask customers to be selective when choosing an outside contractor.
Refer to Appendix 9.7, “Example - Requirements & Provisions to Include in an Outside
Contractor Agreement ”.
0
7.19.3 BMPs for Customer Training
Tell your customers about your BMP program through newsletters and/or an
addendum to dockage contracts or marina regulations.
0
Explain any changes this will mean in the daily operations of the marina.
0
Regularly provide BMP information sheets with billings and in newsletter articles.
0
Invite customer feedback on the program and ask for suggestions on better
environmental protection at the marina.
0
Emphasize the need for their cooperation and encourage their participation.
0
Offer environmental seminars.
0
Offer free environmental safety inspections for customer’s boats.
0
Host events for environmental or fisheries organizations that will foster
environmental ethics.
Refer to Appendix 9.8, “Example - Requirements & Provisions to Include in the
Customer Contract or Marina Regulations ”.
0
67
Section 6
GLOSSARY
Activity -- an action or actions which will have reasonably foreseeable effects upon land use,
water use, or natural resources of the coastal area.
Agency -- see definitions for Federal Agency and State Agency.
-- ai~ypersonor agency who files an application for a permit.
Best Management Practice (BMP) -- a method, activity, maintenance procedure, or other
Applicant
management practice for reducing the amount of pollution entering a water body. BMPs
generally fall into two categories: source control BMPs and stormwater treatment BMPs.
The term originated from the rules and regulations developed pursuant to section 208 of
the federal Clean Water Act (40 CFR 130).
Board -- the Board of Natural Resources.
--
-I
~ " -
Coastal area or coastal zone all tidally influenced and submerged lands seaward to the statek
jurisdictional limits and all lands, submerged lands, waters, and other resources within
the counties of Brantley, Bryan, Camden, Chadton, Chatham, Effingham, Glynn, Long,
Liberty, Mclntosh, and Wayne.
Coastal marshlands or marshlands -- any intertidal area, mudflat, tidal water bottom, or salt
marsh in the state of Georgia within the estuarine area of the state, whether or not the
tidewaters reach the littoral areas through natural or artificial watercourses. "Vegetated
marshlands'' shall include those areas upon which grow one, but not necessarily all, of the
following: salt marsh grass (Spartina alterniflora), black needlerush JJuncus
roemerianus). saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens), big cordgrass Spartina
cvnosuroides). saltgrass (Distichlis spicatal, coast dropseed [Sporobolus virginicus),
bigelow glasswort [Salicornia biaelovii), woody glasswort JSalicornia virginica),
saltwort (Batis maritima), sea lavender aimonium nashii), sea oxeye [Borrichia
frutescens). silverling (Baccharis halimifolia), false willow (Baccharis angustifolia), and
high-tide bush fIva fhtescens). The occurrence and extent of salt marsh peat at the
undisturbed surface is deemed to be conclusive evidence of the extent of a salt marsh or a
part thereof.
Coastal Management Program Document or Program Document or Plan -- that
management plan prepared by the Department in consultation with the agencies and local
governments exercising statutory authority in the coastal area and in accordance with the
requirements of the federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended (P. L.
92-583).
Coastal Wetlands
-- see "wetlands."
68
-Disposal site -- That portion of the
Commissioner the Commissioner of the Department of Natural Resources.
3
"waters of the United States" where specific disposal
activities are permitted and consist of a bottom surface area and any overlying volume of
water. In the case of wetlands on which surface water is not present, the disposal site
consists of the woodland surface area. Upland locations can also constitute disposal sites.
Erosion -- the wearing away of land whereby materials are removed from the sand dunes,
beaches, and shore face by natural processes, including, but not limited to, wave action,
tidal currents, littoral currents, and wind.
-
--
Estuarine area all tidally influenced waters, marshes, and marshlands lying within a tideelevation range from 5.6 feet above mean tide level and below.
--
Federal agency
the United States government and all its departments, boards, bureaus,
commissions, and wholly owned corporation owned by the federal government.
3
Georgia Coastal Management Program -- a compilation of policies to guide the public and
private uses of land and waters within the coastal area administered by the Department of
Natural Resources in consultation with the state agencies and local governments of the
coastal area and approved by the Secretary of Commerce in accordance with the
requirements of the federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, 16
U.S.C., Section 145 1 and following.
Graywater -- the soapy water from boats' galley sinks, lavatories, showers and the wash water
from washing down the boats. Graywater is a concern because common cleaning
products contain strong caustic and corrosive chemicals. Teak and deck cleaners, soaps,
detergents and bleaches often contain phosphates, chlorine, inorganic salts and metals
such as arsenic. These toxic materials when released by the boats in a boat moorage area,
produce a buildup of harmful pollutants, and damage the marine environment.
Groundwater -- water that flows or seeps downward and saturates soil or rock, supplying
springs and wells. The upper level of this saturated zone is called the water table.
Land-disturbing activity -- any activity that may result in soil erosion from water or wind and
the movement of sediments into state waters or onto lands within the state, including, but
not limited to, clearing, dredging, grading, excavating, transporting, and filling of land
other than federal and state lands, except that the term shall not include those activities
exempted by O.C.G.A. 12-7-17.
Litter
--
all discarded sand, gravel, slag, brickbats, rubbish, waste material, tin cans, refuse,
garbage, trash, debris, dead animals, or other discarded materials of every kind and
description which are not waste as such term is defined in Paragraph 6 of O.C.G.A.
Section 16-7-5 1.
69
--
Live-aboard a floating vessel or other watercraft that is moored to a dock, tree, or piling, or
anchored in the estuarine waters of the state and is utilized as a human or animal abode.
Live-aboards include but are not limited to monohulls, multihulls, houseboats, floating
homes, and other floating structures that are used for human or animal habitation. See
also "Riverhouse Structure."
Marshlands
-- See "coastal marshlands."
Mitigation -- a term that encompasses a broad array of activities, especially as applied to
wetlands management. Mitigation describes the efforts to minimize, or compensate for,
the impacts of a development project. The process of mitigation follows a preferred
sequence of options, as defined by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA):
- _
.
Avoiding-the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts of an action;
. -.-I- (A)
Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its
. (B)
implementation;
RectifLing
the impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the affected
(C)
environment;
Reducing
or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and maintenance
(D)
operations during the life of an activity; and,
Compensating
for the impact by replacing or providing substitute resources or
(E)
environments.
MOA -- Memorandum of Agreement, an agreement signed by two or more parties.
--
Nationwide Programmatic General Permit (NWP) a type of general permit issued on a
nationwide basis by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers that authorizes activities that are
substantially similar in nature and cause only minimal individual or cumulative impacts.
NWPs are designed to reduce regulatory delays for certain activities with minimal
environmental impacts.
Navigable waters -- as defined in the federal Clean Water Act (33 USC
1362(7)), and
interpreted by the courts to mean the "waters of the United States," which includes
wetlands that are adjacent to waters associated with interstate commerce, as well as
certain intrastate %olated'l wetland areas located great distances from streams and
navigable water bodies.
NOAA
-- National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, an agency within the U.S.
Department of Commerce. NOAA is the parent agency for the Office of Ocean and
Coastal Resource Management (OCRM), the office that administers the federal Coastal
Zone Management Act.
--
Nonpoint source any source that discharges pollutants into the waters of the state from other
than a point source. Such sources include, but are not limited to, agricultural and
stormwater runoff.
Nursery areas -- habitat areas that provide suitable safety and food supply for young fish.
70
Ordinary high-water mark -- the position along the shore of the mean monthly spring high tide
reached during the most recent tidal epoch. This term is not synonymous with "mean"
high-water mark.
'3
O.C.G.A. -- Official Code of Georgia Annotated. All of the laws of Georgia are in the O.C.G.A.
The O.C.G.A. is arranged by titles, chapters, and sections; the Shore Protection Act is
cited as O.C.G.A. 12-5-230, et seq., because it is codified at Title 12 Chapter 5 Section
230. The term et seq is used to indicate that the sections following the one cited are also
applicable.
.-
-
Ordinary low-water mark -- the position along the shore of the mean monthly spring low tide
.
reached during the most recent tidal epoch. This term is not synonymous with "mean"
- low-water mark. . .
,-
Permeable or permeable zone -- the property of a material that allows the passage or diffusion
of liquids. Permeable zones refer to those areas that have soil characteristics that allow
infiltration of water.
Permit-issuing authority -- the Shore Protection Committee, the Coastal Marshlands Protection
Committee, or a local unit of government which has adopted a program of shore
protection which meets the standards of the Shore Protection Act and which has been
certified by the board as an approved program.
Person -- any individual, partnership, corporation, municipal corporation, local government,
association, state agency, or public or private authority.
Point source -- any discernible, confined, or discreet conveyance, including, but not limited to,
any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock,
concentrated feedlot operation, or vessel or other floating craft, from which pollutants are
or may be discharged.
Policy or policies of the Georgia Coastal Management Program -- the enforceable provisions
of present or future applicable statutes of this state or regulations duly promulgated
thereunder.
Pollution -- any manmade or man-induced alteration of the chemical, physical, biological, and
radiological integrity of the environment.
--
Private dock a structure built onto or over the marsh and submerged lands that is used for
recreational fishing and other recreational activities, is not available to the public, does
not have enclosures, and does not create a navigation hazard; provided, however, that a
private dock may be covered and screened with a wainscoting not higher than three feet
and may be equipped with a hoist.
--
Shall or will A mandatory condition. When certain requirements are described with the
"shall" or "will" stipulation, it is mandatory that the requirements be met.
71
--
-
Shoreline engineering activity an activity that encompasses any artificial method of altering
the natural topography or vegetation of the sand dunes, beaches, bars, submerged
shoreline lands, and other components of the sand-sharing system. This includes, but is
not limited to, such activities as:
(A)
Grading, clearing vegetation, excavating earth, or landscaping, where such
activities are for purposes other than erection of a structure;
(B)
Artificial dune construction;
(C)
Beach restoration or re-nourishment;
(D) Erosion control activities, including, but not limited to, the construction and
maintenance of groins and jetties;
Shoreline stabilization activities, including, but not limited to, the construction
(E)
.
and maintenance of seawalls and riprap protection; and
--(F) -The construction and maintenance of pipelines and piers.
A
Should -- An advisory condition. Considered to be recommended but not mandatory.
--
Silviculture the practice of applied forest ecology. As used in the timber industry, the practice
of considering all aspects of the forest community for management of the forest for
timber harvesting, such as using sound practices to avoid introduction of sediment and
contaminants into streams and waterways, avoid disruption of spawning and nursery
grounds, and maintenance of forest habitat.
")
._r
Spawning areas -- areas that provide suitable habitat for deposition of eggs or sperm directly
into the water by aquatic animals, such as fish, shellfish, fiogs, etc.
State agency
-- this state and all its departments, boards, authorities, bureaus, and commissions.
State permit -- all those permits, licenses, or approvals, whether required by federal or state law,
which are administered by a state agency.
State Programmatic General Permit (SPGP) -- a type of general permit issued, on a statewide
basis, by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers that authorizes, for purposes of the Rivers
and Harbors Act andor Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, certain activities that are
also regulated by state, regional, or local regulatory programs. As with nationwide
permits, they are issued for activities that are substantially similar in nature and cause
only minimal individual or cumulative impacts. SPGPs are designed to reduce regulatory
delays for certain activities with minimal environmental impacts, and they serve to
augment the requirements and environmental features of the state, regional, or local
program by adding specific conditions to those programs. They are intended to avoid
unnecessary duplication of regulatory control by other agencies.
Stormwater runoff -- overland flow from rainfall that does not infiltrate the ground or evaporate
but instead flows onto adjacent land or watercourses or is routed into drainhewer
systems.
Submerged land -- all lands lying in or being under tidally influenced waters of the state.
72
--
Temporary as used in shore structures, means those structures that are not intended to remain
in place except for a very short period of time and that may be used for special events.
Such structures include, but are not limited to, tents, signal towers, and fences.
Tidal water bottoms -- the bed or bottom of all tidewaters within the state. The State of Georgia
continues to hold title to all tidal water bottoms within the state, except where title in a
private party can be traced to a valid Crown of England and by the common law.
--
Tidal wetlands those woodland areas that are influenced primarily by tidal inundation of salt
or brackish water. Plants and animals in these systems are adapted to the stresses of
salinity, periodic inundation, and extremes in temperature.
._ - -<
Tidally influenced waters -- any water where the tide ebbs and floods on a daily basis.
U.S.C or USC -- United States Code. All of the statutes passed by Congress are in the United
States Code. The U.S.C. is arranged by titles and sections; the Endangered Species Act,
for instance, is cited as 16 U.S.C. $9 1531 to 1544, because it is codified in Title 16 of the
United States Code at sections 1531 through 1544. The titles are arranged by subject
matter. The term et seq. is sometimes used to indicate the sections following the one cited
are also applicable.
--
Water dependent Water related, dependent on waterfront access, or cannot be
satisfied by the use of an alternative non-marshland site. (Modified from the Coastal
Marshlands Protection Act.)
1
Waters or waters of the State -- any and all rivers, streams, creeks, branches, lakes,
reservoirs, ponds, drainage systems, springs, wells, wetlands, and all other bodies of
surface or subsurface water, natural or artificial, lying within or forming part of the
boundaries of the state which are not entirely confined and retained completely upon the
property of a single individual, partnership, or corporation.
Wetlands or coastal wetlands -- those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or
groundwater at a frequency or duration sufficient to support, and that under normal
circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in
saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs and similar
areas. Wetlands include both freshwater and tidal wetlands.
73
L'
Li
Section 9
,
Appendix
Table 9.1 Pollutant Characteristics, Fate! and Environmental Consequence#)
~~~~~~~
General Characteristics
0
hokganic or organic in nature
0
0
0
0
I Potential EnvironmentalImpact
-
Accumulation in bottom
depressions
0
0
Vary widely in physical
0
properties and chemical
composition
0
Aliphatic and aromatic
hydrocarbons
0
Low solubility in water
0
Ready adsorb to particulate
matter in aquatic environments
0
0
(')
May have adsorbed
contaminants (e.g., nutrients,
heavy metals, hydrocarbons,
etc.)
Bind to sediments by
adsorption exchange or
complexation
Chemical complexes
Solubility affected by
environmental conditions
(salinity, pH, etc)
Persistent in the environment
Ultimate Fate
0
Sediment Accumulation
Bioaccumulation
0
.
May decrease dissolved oxygen
interfere with food uptake by shellfish,
causing reduction in reproductive success
Acute or chronic toxicity to marine
plants and animals
Some constituents toxic to marine
plants and animals at low concentrations
Some constituents carcinogenic
Volatilization to atmosphere
Sediment accumulation
Microbial degradation
Bioaccumulation
Bioconcentration
I
Adapted from Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, 1992.
74
3
Table 9.1 Pollutant Ch racterktics, Fates, and Environmen IConsequences continued
Ultimate Fate
Pollution Type
D
Volatilization to atmosphere
Other Organic
Compounds
D
composition
(e.g.,PCBs)
D
AciddAlkalis
Soluble in water
Alter pH of receiving water
0
Affect solubility of other
contaminants
0
Used in detergents and
cleaning agents
0
Wide variety of chemical
structures
Nutrients
0
0
0
BacteriaPathogens
0
0
0
Floatables/Plastics/
Styrofoam
0
0
Phosphorus has high affinity
to bind with particles
Nitrate removed by
denitrification under anaerobic
conditions
May occur in inorganic or
organic forms
Serve as indicators for other
pathogenic organisms
May travel through soils
May survive in marine
environments for up to 2 weeks
Often non-degradable
Typically of human origin
Acute or chronic toxicity to marine
plants and animals
Some compounds carcinogenic
Bioaccumulation
Bioconcentration
Dilute in water
Chemical transformation
0
Surfactants
Potential Enirironmental Impact
0
0
0
Direct toxicity
Solubilize other toxic substances
(e.g., metals)
Accumulate in sediments
Biological uptake
0
0
0
Biological uptake
0
0
0
0
Fragments may accumulate in
depressions
May collect in backwater
0
0
Acute and chronic toxicity to aquatic
organisms
May have synergistic effects with other
substances on aquatic life
Result in foam formation
Eutrophication
Ammonia toxicity
May alter hydraulic characteristic of
soils
Tainting of fish and shellfish
Human pathogens
Degradation of water quality resulting
in reduction in allowable uses
Physical impairment or mortality of
animals
Aesthetic degradation
Table 9.1 Pollutant Chc 'crcteristics,Fates, and Environmen I Consequences continued
Ultimate Fate
Pollution Type
(See solvents and organic
Antifreeze
compounds)
0
Organic material accumulates
Marine organisms that attach
Fouling Organisms
in
sediment or water column as
to marine structures and vessel
organisms die off or are
hulls
dislodged by cleaning
May leach into water column
0
Vary in physical properties
and chemical composition
Wood Preservatives
0
Some are insoluble in water
(e.g., creosote)
Some are water soluble
(e.g.,chromated copper
arsenate - CCA)
0
May contain heavy metals
0
Biological uptake
0
Other Hazardous
0
Toxic Materials
composition
0
Various
other mechanisms
(e.g.9 TBT)
0
May contain heavy metals
I Potential EnvironmentalImpact
1
. , .
I
I
0
0
0
,
'
Eutrophication
Ammonia toxicity
May be toxic to aquatic organisms
May be carcinogenic
Acute and chronic toxicity to aquatic
and terrestrial organisms
Carcinogenic(some)
76
Table 9.2 Hazardous Waste Generator Requirements (2)
-?
The following is a summary of the Rules for generators of hazardous wastes. For the full text of
the Rules, call the Georgia EPD.
container storage area weekly and /or inspect tanks daily and keep a log.
Manifest all hazardous wastes using the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest.
Attach a Land Disposal Restriction (LDR) notification form to each hazardous waste
results of those efforts.
Dispose of all hazardous wastes at a permitted TSD Facility.
Send the wastes to a permitted TSD Facility or a Solid Waste Disposal Facility
approved by the state for industrial or municipal wastes.
Pay Hazardous Waste Management Fees.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
CESQG (Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator): any generator of hazardous waste
that produces a total of less than or equal to 220 Ib. of hazardous waste in any calendar month.
SQG (Small Quantity Generator): any generator of hazardous waste that produces a total of
greater than 220 Ib. And less than 2,200 Ib. of hazardous waste in any calendar month.
LQG (Large Quantity Generator): any generator that produces a total of 2,200 Ib. or more of
hazardous waste in any calendar month.
:J
( * ) Reprinted from "Managing Automotive Repair and Body Shop Wastes", Georgia EPD, Hazardous
Waste Management Branch, Generator Compliance Program. July 1997.
77
--’
-
9.3 Example Fuel and Oil Spill Response Plan
Remember - this ik just an example fuel and oil BMP program for a typical marina.
This is a plan printed as written for a marina in Savannah 15 years ago - based on the
information presented in this manual it is not 100% as it could be. Use it as a guideline to
build on to develop a program for your marina -some elements should be added or expanded
depending on the nature of your site and operations.
A. Summary of instructions for marina personnel:
..
1. Locate the origin of the spill and stop the flow, if possible.
-2, Shut down electricity in the area.
3. Notifl manager on duty to initiate notification of appropriate governmental officials, for
even a minor spill.
4. Prevent customerhoat access to the area.
5. Begin containment and cleanup.
B. Spill Response emergency phone numbers (include home, pager and cellular numbers):
1. General Manager
2. Assistant Manager
3. YardForman
4. Service Forman
5. Georgia DNR: Emergency Response Team and National Response Center (NRC)
6. U.S. Coast Guard: Marine Safety Office (MSO)
7. Fire Department
8. Commercial Spill Responder
See Appendix 9.9 for an Emergency Contact List.
C. When reporting spills to the DNR, US Coast Guard and Fire Department, and
commercial spill responder, provide the following information:
1. Facility name and location of spill.
2. Type of product spilled.
3. Duration of spill. Is it still ongoing?
4. Estimated quantity spilled.
5. Wind direction and strength.
6. Current direction and strength.
7. What actions are currently being taken to contain and clean up the spill?
8. Is the spill within a confined area?
9. Names of person reporting spill and responsible party.
78
D. Spill incident report sheet:
Spill Incident Report Sheets are on site to record all information in item C above.
Additionally, it will require names and numbers of witnesses to the incident and other
information pertinent to the incident.
Only designated managers will make spill reports. Reports must be made to many
agencies and it is essential that one person trained in reporting procedures make those reports.
E. Comments:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations prohibit discharge of harmfkl
quintities of oil in to navigable waters. A harmfbl quantity is defined as any amount which
causes a sheen on the surface which will be deposited beneath the surface of the water or upon
the adjoining shoreline,
..
The US.Clean WaierAct prescribes that any person failing to immediateiy notify
the appropriate government agency of even a minor spill is subject to a fine of up to
$10,000 and/or imprisonment for up to one year.
The ownership and management of a marina must be committed to safe, proper and legal
handling of fuel and oil spills - not only to avoid fines - but also to protect and preserve the
environment. The marina business is dependent on a healthy environment! Marina employees
must be expected to maintain a “Zero Tolerance” for avoidable oil spills and to be
knowledgeable in oil containment and cleanup measures.
F. Containment and cleanup:
1. flamed individual or iob title) is responsible for maintaining an adequate and assessable
supply of oil absorbent pads and containment booms. (Inventories will be monitored and
reported to management monthly).
2. flamed individual or job title) is responsible for training new employees and maintaining
an on-going training program for spill containment and cleanup.
3. Points to remember:
0
Do not contain gasoline spills with booms, this will increase the danger of fire.
Disperse gasoline with high-pressure water spray. [This needs to be discussed - this
is a point of disagreement among marina managers nationally and the various
regulatory agencies.]
0
Do contain diesel or oil with booms for collection with absorbent pads.
0
Do not apply soap to a spill. Soaps carry the pollutant to the bottom to form
contaminated sediments, which are hazardous to marine life. Dispersents, surface
collecting agents or biological additives may be used only with prior authorization of
Coast Guard on scene coordinators.
4. Following the cleanup operation, the resulting contaminated materials and waste products
must be disposed of properly. The commercial spill responder contracted by the marina
will dispose of any materials not able to be reused.
79
G. General information:
1. When receiving fuel deliveries, have absorbent pads close at hand to block spills.
Prevent a spill from entering storm drains by containment with booms, dirt, saw dust, etc.
2. If the spill is in the water, encircle the af5ected area or areas with continuos segments of
booms. Place adequate absorbents down wind and down current. Place absorbents at the
waterlines of boats and floating docks, as well as along marsh and shorelines to avoid
contaminating these surfaces. Use boats to follow and to continue to remove oil from the
surface even after it drifts from the vicinity of the marina.
3. If boat or equipment salvage operations are to occur following a spill, no divers or
swimmers should enter the water until the spill is adequately cleaned up. Place
containment booms around a sunken boat if possible, to catch escaping fuel and oil.
Marina management will notifL the boat owner or a salvage company.
H. Prevention of fuel and oil spills:
1. Inspection and maintenance check lists of all marina equipment containing or passing oil
or fuel will include close attention to dispensers, fittings, hoses, nozzles, stand pipes,
pumps, filters, tanks, etc. Hydraulic hoists and forklifts will be inspected daily for fluid
leaks.
2. The fuel storage area includes monitoring wells. Leakage can be detected during odor
and sight inspections. Logs are kept on inspections and findings. Electronic leak
detectors on the fuel system will prevent fuel flow in case of line of fitting failure.
3. Physical fuel inventories will be conducted daily and at each fuel delivery.
Discrepancies in inventory could indicate a leak. Water contamination and purity tests
must be performed and logged.
4. Tie boats securely to docks during fueling to avoid pulling the nozzle from the fill pipe.
Do not over fill boats causing fuel to flow from the tank air vents. Keep an absorbent
pad on hand during fueling to wipe up all spills before they can go overboard.
5. When fueling boats, the dockhand will hand the fuel nozzle to the customer. The
customer will fuel the boat while the dockhand monitors the operation for potential spills
or safety problems. The dockhand will standby with containment and cleanup materials.
9.4 Example - BMP Programfor the Fuel Dock
Fuelinp boats afloat with inboard fuel tanks:
Before starting to fuel ...
Allow fueling only at the fuel dock where spill containment, cleanup and fire control
equipment is located. Note this in the marina contract or regulations.
Tie the boat securely to the dock.
Ensure emergency absorbent materials are available.
Estimate the amount of fuel to be pumped.
Locate the air vent and, if no tank fill indicator is installed, be prepared to catch the fuel
overflow.
Ensure that an absorbent is in place around the deck filler opening. Always have a rag on
hand. (Place rag in a vented container once used).
80
7
I
During fueling...
0
0
0
0
0
..
If the customer is fueling, supervise the operation.
Use a funnel to prevent spillage if necessary.
Do not clip the nozzle handle open - hold it during the fueling operation and do not walk
away from the fuel nozzle.
Do not overfill. Observe or feel the air vent for increasing pressure as the fuel level nears the
top of the tank.
If fuel comes out of the air vent, the tank is overfilled.
Advise against “topping off’. Explain that fuel expands and the tank may overflow if filled
to capacity.
Afterfueling...
0
0
Remove the overflow container or absorbent form the air vent and, if necessary, pour the
contents back into the fuel tank.
Replace the filler cap and tighten securely.
Return the nozzle to its holder, turning it upward to avoid fuel drip.
Secure fuel lined to a safe position.
Clean up any small spills immediately, placing used absorbent in a sealed container for
proper disposal. (Do not place used absorbent materials in a dumpster because of the risk of
fire.)
Remind customer to operate bilge blower for 5 minutes before starting engine.
Fueliw PWCs and small outboards with built-in tanks:
0
Do not fuel a small craft that will rock around. Move craft to calmer water if possible, or
fueling ashore, or consider installing floating drive-on PWC docks fitted with a catchment
and absorbent material.
0
Observe BMPs for filling inboard fuel tanks where applicable.
FuelinP Dortable tanks:
0
Do not fill anything other than approved portable fuel tanks.
0
Remove the tank from the boat.
0
Place the tank in a catchment with an absorbent pad.
0
Observe BMPs for filling inboard fuel tanks where applicable.
DisDIav fuelinp BMP simage:
0
List fueling BMPs, include Safety issues.
0
Comply with GA requirements for handling gasoline.
0
Provide instructions for reporting spills.
0
Indicate location of cleanup materials and instructions for use.
0
Locate the sign visibly in the fueling area.
81
Additional fueling BMPs:
0
Encourage customers to carry extra fuel tanks instead of fuel cans. This allows exchange of
tanks rather than refueling from cans while on the water and risking spillage.
0
Encourage customers to fuel before a trip and not top off before tying up for a time to avoid
gas expansion and overflow.
0
If a customer’s boat is leaking fuel, immediately bring it to their attention and advise that it is
their responsibility to fix the leak and clean up any fuel.
0
Report all spills to marina management.
r)
-
9.5 Example -Hazardous Waste BMP Programfor Marina
Maintenance & Repair (3)
.
As mentioned in Appendix 9.2, CESQG (Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity
Generator) refers to any generator of hazardous waste that produces a total of less than or equal
to 220 lb. of hazardous waste in any calendar month. If your boat repair andor marina facility’s
maintenance shop qualifies as a CESQG,then you may dispose of these waste materials with
your regular trash -- provided the liquids (1) are absorbed or dried and (2) will not create
hazardous conditions in the trash. The trash must be disposed of at a permitted solid waste
disposal facility.
Remember - this is just an example hazardous waste BMP program for a typical
marina maintenance and repair operation. Use it as a guidelinefor developing a program for
your marina, but be aware that some elements should be expanded or reduced depending on
the nature of your site and operations.
Antifreeze
This waste is produced as a result of draining cooling systems. Used antifreeze may be
hazardous for lead and benzene.
Do
0
0
0
0
Recycle your antifreeze on site or through a recycling service.
If you recycle on site, filters and sludges produced from recycling may be hazardous.
Therefore, you will need to determine if these wastes are hazardous.
If recycling is not an option, test the used antifreeze to determine if hazardous, and
dispose of accordingly.
Store waste antifreeze in a separate container labeled “WASTE ANTIFREEZE
ONLY.
‘I
Don’t
0
0
0
Do not mix antifreeze with any other wastes (such as used oil or waste solvents).
Do not dispose of antifreeze in a storm drain, septic tank or dry well.
Do not pour antifreeze on the ground.
(3) Adapted fiom GA EPD booklet “Managing Automotive Repair and Body Shop Wastes”,
July 1997
82
Cleaning Solutions, Sludges and Debris
These materials are generated from hull and engine cleaning, including pressure
washing, sand blasting, scraping, sanding, steam cleaning, spray painting and parts
washing. Used cleaning solutions typically contain one or more of the following:
detergents, petroleum distillates, mineral spirits, benzene, toluene, naphtha and toxic
metals. In addition to used solvents, a sludge may also be generated. These materials,
when no longer usable, are disposed of as hazardous waste.
Do
e
_.
e
e
e
e
e
e
‘3
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
Consider using a less hazardous solvent cleaner such as a citrus-based cleaner.
Use biodegradable cleansers and teak cleaners.
Carefully -review Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) to avoid hazardous
materials whenever possible.
Keep cleaning container closed when not in use to avoid evaporation, spills, fires
and explosive hazards.
When your cleaning solution is no longer usable, contact a company to recycle it
or properly dispose of it at a permitted hazardous waste disposal facility.
Store all sludges from tanks in a closed and properly labeled (such as “WASTE
SLUDGE”) container.
Remove excessive oils, dirt and grease from parts with a wire brush and/or rag
before placing in a parts washer. This will extend the life of your solvent.
Consider using parts washers with a filtration system to extend the life of the
solvent.
Try to consolidate multiple washers into one central wash area to reduce the
number of parts washers at your marina.
Extend the time between solvent servicing, if possible.
Avoid cleaning, sanding, etc. over water.
Use tarpaulins or screen materials to collect all debris over land.
When working over water tape plastic sheeting to cover the space between the
boat and the dock. Plug scuppers and drains to prevent pollutants from going
overboard.
Use dustless-vacuum sanders to collect the sandings. Consider renting these
sanders to do-it-yourself customers.
Conduct sandblasting in booths or sheeting enclosures to contain waste materials.
Take precautions on windy days to ensure debris are contained with windscreens.
Cover storm drains in the vicinity of the work area to prevent waste from being
carried into the water.
Sweep or vacuum debris on an hourly basis or every time a tarpaulin is moved.
Don’t
e
Do not dispose of used cleaning solution or sludges in the storm drain or septic
tank.
e
Do not put used cleaning solution or sludges on the ground or in the water.
Shop Tip: Satellite accumulation is the temporary storage of hazardous waste at or
near the location where the hazardous waste is generated. For example, if you are
cleaning an engine part on a workbench with a cleaning solvent, you need to have a
container next to the workbench to pour the used solvent in. You can store up to a
maximum of 55 gallons of used solvent in this area. You can have as many satellite
accumulation areas as you need. They must be at or near points where hazardous
waste is generated. The container must be labeled “Hazardous Waste” or what is
actually in the container.
Floor Cleaning Materials
This waste is generated from incidental spillage in the shop and/or breakage of
hoses and seals. Floor cleaning material may be considered hazardous depending on what
substance was absorbed. A hazardous waste determination must be performed in order to
determine the proper disposal method for this material (See Section 7.9.2, “Determine if
Your Operation is Generating Hazardous Waste” and Table 9.2 Hazardous Waste
Generator Requirements).
Do
0
0
0
0
0
Keep your work area clean to reduce spills and leaks.
Provide drip pans to workers so fluids do not leak on the ground or concrete.
Seal off floor drains to ensure a spill or leak does not reach the storm drain,
sanitary sewer, septic tank or dry well.
Place used absorbent material (such as kitty litter, “spill dry”, sand, etc.) in a
closed container and perform a hazardous waste determination in order to
determine proper disposal.
Immediately contain and clean up a spill or leak.
Don ‘t
0
Do not use any more absorbent than necessary to absorb a spill.
Fluorescent Lamps
Waste fluorescent lamps are generated periodically by replacing burned out lamps
in lighting fixtures. These waste lamps may be considered a hazardous waste if the lamps
contain mercury. If the used, discarded lamps meet this criterion, then the lamps must be
handled properly.
Do
0
0
0
0
Accumulate unbroken bulbs for delivery to a legitimate bulb recycler.
Store unbroken bulbs in containers labeled “waste mercury-containing lamps,’’
with the date you begin storing lamps. Write the date on the outside of the
container.
Store used lamps for no more than 1 year.
Inform employees of proper handling and emergency procedures regarding used
lamps.
84
0
"3
0
0
Consider using "green dot'' environmentally safe fluorescent lamps. They do not
contain mercury and do not have to be counted as hazardous waste generated.
Contain releases of all waste mercury containing lamps immediately. Make a
hazardous waste determination on the brokeddamaged lamps and manage them
properly.
Use a Bill of Lading (shipping papers used by truckers) or a non-hazardous
manifest to document the amount of used lamps shipped off-site for recycling.
Don 't
0
0
Do not break bulbs.
Do not breathe any vapors of broken bulbs which are extremely toxic.
Lead-Acid Batteries
Lead acid batteries are hazardous waste when thrown away because they contain
sulfuric acid and lead. The sulfuric acid is considered hazardous because of its
corrosivity. The lead is considered hazardous due to its toxicity.
Shop Tip: You do not have to count lead acid batteries in determining your
hazardous waste generator status if the batteries are being properly managed prior
to recycling.
Do
:I
0
...
0
0
Recycle batteries by delivering them to suppliers from whom you purchase
batteries or a collection center that sends batteries to a legitimate battery recycler.
Recycle used, undamaged batteries as soon as possible; you can store them for no
longer than one year.
Store batteries in a safe, covered area. In addition, the container in which the
batteries are stored must be labeled TJniversal Waste Batteries," or "Waste
Batteries," or "Used Batteries."
Don't
0
0
0
0
Do not place lead acid batteries in the trash - recycle them.
Do not take lead acid batteries to a solid waste disposal facility.
Do not pour battery acid onto the ground or into a drain. This acid is hazardous
waste.
Do not stack batteries. They may fall and crack.
Paint, Varnishes, Paint Solvents and Paint Filters
These wastes are generated from painting and repair activities. These wastes may
consist of used paints, varnishes, clean-up solvents and out-of-date paints. Many paints
are considered hazardous waste because of ignitability. Some paints may be hazardous
because they contain toxic metals. The used solvents are usually hazardous waste for
Ignitability and for being a listed hazardous waste. Paint booth filters may be hazardous
and thus should be treated in the same manner as the spent solvents.
85
Do
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Only mix enough paint for the area to be painted.
Use less toxic water based paints, varnishes and strippers.
Mix paints and finishes over land if possible and always over a tarp.
Confine spray painting in enclosures with drop cloths on the floors and side
windscreens.
Enforce the prohibition of TBT-based anti-fouling paint. (U.S. law prohibits the
use of TBT-based paints on vessels less than 82 feet in length, unless they are
constructed of aluminum. TBT-based paint is permitted on aluminum outdrives
and lower units. To apply TBT-based paint, a license is required.)
Pour unusable paints and solvents into a closed container labeled "Waste Paint."
Reuse cleaning solvents and thinners until too dirty for use. Let particles settle,
drain and reuse the clear liquid. Allow the liquid in the sludge to evaporate before
discarding in the dumpster.
Clean paint sprayers, if possible, in a paint sprayer-cleaning unit.
Rotate paint stock, using the oldest first.
Clean up any spilled paint andor solvents immediately with an absorbent.
Perform a hazardous waste determination on paint clean-up absorbents, overspray
paper and paint filters and dispose of them accordingly.
Don't
0
0
0
When cleaning out painting equipment, do not spray washout solvent onto the
paint filters. Spray it into a container and pour the sprayed material into your
drum labeled "Waste Paint."
Do not store paints or solvents on the docks or near the water.
Do not pour paints andor solvents onto the ground, in the storm drain, dry well or
septic tank.
Pressurized Spray Cans
This waste material is generally from the use of degreasers and paint.
Do
0
0
0
0
0
Carefully review Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and avoid hazardous
materials whenever possible.
Use the entire contents of a can. Empty cans are considered non-hazardous; while
partially used cans may be hazardous waste.
Replace pressurized spray cans with portable wash units when possible.
Use mechanical spray canshottles when possible.
Return defective cans to the manufacturer or dispose of as hazardous waste.
Don 't
0
Do not empty spray cans by releasing their contents to the environment.
86
Shop Rags and Towels
'3
Shop rags are typically used for cleaninghiping parts and spills that may contain
oils or hazardous materials. Depending on which solvents are used will determine if dirty
rags are considered hazardous waste or not.
Do
0
0
Use ragdtowels that can be laundered.
Use a laundering service capable of handling rags contaminated with hazardous
materials.
Use non-hazardous solvents whenever possible.
Store soiled rags in a closed container. Label the container "Used Shop Rags
Only."
0
-
Spray a minimum amount of solvent onto rags, instead of soaking rags.
Remove or ring out excess solvent from rags before putting them in a container.
Don't
0
Do not dispose of solvents by pouring them into containers used to store "Shop
Rags."
Used Oil Filters
Used oil filters, which include transmission filters, are exempt from the
hazardous waste requirements provided that they have not been mixed with any listed
hazardous wastes and are gravity drained while hot to remove liquids.
Do
0
0
0
Before disposal, used oil filters must be hot gravity drained and have the filter
dome punctured; or hot drained and crushed; or any other method which will
remove the used oil.
Drain all free flowing fluids from used oil filters.
Place the drained liquid in a closed container labeled "Used Oil."
Place used oil filters in a closed container labeled "Used Oil Filters."
If possible, locate an oil filter recycler that will recycle your used oil filters. If not,
dispose of drained filters in the trash.
Don't
0
Do not mix used oil filters with other hazardous waste materials.
Do not place used oil filters in the trash without draining them.
87
Used Oil
This waste material is generated from changing oils and transmission fluid. Both
of these fluids are crude oil based petroleum products and can be combined together. In
addition, hydraulic fluid and gear lube oils may also be combined with this waste
material.
Do
0
0
0
0
Accumulate used oiVfluids for recycling.
Change oiVfluids only when necessary.
Collect oiVfluids in a closed container labeled “Used Oil.”
Have your used oiVfluids transported by a transported with an EPA ID Number
and obtain a receipt or Bill of Lading showing the amount of oil shipped off-site.
Test used oils/fluids to ensure the waste material is non-hazardous, if recycling is
not available.
Don’t
0
0
0
Do not pour used oiVfluids on the ground.
Do not mix degreasers, paint solvent or any other used solvents with the used
oiVfluids.
Do not pour used oil/fluids in a storm drain, septic tank, or dry well.
Shop Tip: Check with your used oil recycler to see if small amounts of contaminated
gasoline/diesel fuel that cannot be reused can be picked up with your used oil and
antifreeze.
General Liquid Waste BMPs
All repair and maintenance done at the marina by customers and outside contractors
should have prior approval of marina management.
Liquid and hazardous waste BMPs are especially important to include in tenant and
outside contractor agreements and contracts. Require out-side contractors to
complete a sub-contractor liability form before being allowed to work on marina
premises. See Appendix 9.7, “ExampleRequirements & Provisions to Include in an
Outside Contractor Agreement”.
Train employees in proper use, recycling, and/or disposal of hazardous materials.
Implement inventory procedures for materials. Strict inventory control is the most
effective and cost efficient way to prevent usable materials from needlessly becoming
waste. Improperly stored, labeled, or outdated material can become hazardous waste.
Routinely check the date of materials to prevent them form outlasting their shelf life.
Practice “first in’, first out” inventory control. Use older supplies before new
materials.
Limit access to hazardous material supplies and waste storage. Assign one trained
person the responsibility of maintaining the storage areas.
Segregate wastes. Mixing wastes often increases their treatment costs and makes
recycling more difficult. In particular, keep hazardous and nonhazardous wastes
separate.
88
0
0
0
0
Prevent boat cleaning and repair wastes from contaminating stormwater runoff.
(Refer to Section 7).
Direct marina customers (and remind employees) as to the proper disposal of liquid
materials through the strategic placement of signs.
Contain fixed machinery oil and fuel spills with berms, etc. and the proper placement
of absorbent materials.
Routinely inspect machinery for leaks and perform preventative maintenance. Small
leaks can cause big problems, especially with marina hydraulic lift equipment.
9.6 Example - BMP Programfor Pumpout Station Operation
Before Pumping
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tie the boat securely to the dock.
Put on waterproof gloves.
Check to ensure the pumpout station storage tank can receive the amount to be pumped.
Slowly open the deck fitting to allow pressure to release.
Check and tighten all suction hose joints.
Have an absorbent and bucket on hand to clean up spills.
During Pumping
0
Stay at the pumpout station and monitor pumping until completed.
After Pumping
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Carefully disconnect the suction hose from the boat.
Keep the suction hose out of the water.
Keep the hose opening upright to avoid spilling.
Clean the suction hose by sucking clean water from a bucket - not marina surface water.
Secure the suction hose in the proper position to avoid dripping.
Replace and securely tighten the cap on the boat deck fitting.
Store hose adapters in a bucket containing a disinfectant solution.
Wash your hands.
9.7 Example Requirements & Provisions to Include in an Outside
Contractor Agreement
Outside contractors include any self employed person, or independent contractor,
including marina repair and maintenance contractors, boat service and repair companies,
vendors, brokers, marine surveyors, charter boat captains, etc. A contract is not to deter outside
contractors from coming to work at the marina, but to ensure safe and business-like service to the
marina and its customers - and to prevent water pollution. Apply any rules evenly to all parties,
including marina employees, to avoid accusation of restraining trade or unfair practices.
89
I>
These are example requirements and provisions to include in an agreement for outside
contractors to work at a typical marina:
1. Requirements to work on premises:
0
Current business license (legitimacy and identity of individual or company).
0
Current certificate of Commercial General Liability insurance, including pollution
liability. (Normally a minimum of $1,OOO,OOO), naming marina as additional insured and
providing for notice to the marina of cancellation of the policy or reduction in coverage.
0
Current certificate of Workers Compensation insurance, if applicable.
0
Current letter of consent or signed work order to board and repair a customer’s boat.
0
Copy of U.S Coast Guard license for licensed captains docking at the marina.
0
Signed copy of marina pollution prevention policy indicating full understanding and
endorsement of the policy, plus acknowledgment of outside contractor responsibility for
complying with all laws and regulations relevant to work they are performing at the
marina.
2. Specific provisions (detail according to the nature of your operation and adopted policies):
0
Prior to starting work, outside contractor must report to the marina office to confirm
status of required documents. Failure to do so will result in suspension of access to
marina.
0
All work will be performed in the areas designated with the pollution prevention
equipment and techniques in place as described in the marina pollution prevention policy.
All waste generated in the course of work will be disposed of as described in the marina
pollution prevention policy.
0
Remove all chemicals and materials from marina property at the conclusion of the job.
0
Spills of any nature must be immediately reported to marina management.
0
Provide copies of Material Safety Data Sheets for all hazardous materials to be brought
on marina property.
0
Pay an Environmental Impact Fee, if required, to offset the marina’s cost of regulatory
compliance due to the nature of the outside contractor’s work.
9.8 Example Requirements & Provisions to Include in the Customer
Contract or Marina Regulations
--
A customer dockage or rental contract is intended to ensure safe, legal and equitable use
of marinafacilities and business-like service to the customer - and to prevent water pollution.
Apply any rules evenly to allparties, including marina employees, to avoid accusation of
restraining trade or unfair practices. Management may wish to include stringent legal based
provisions in the contract and have separate “MarinaRules and Regulations”. Rules and
Regulations should be referred to in the contracted as posted requirements, subject to change
with notice by management. These are generally housekeeping or good neighbor policies that
may need periodic revisions - or any other policy in need of testing before implementing in a
final form. Be sure to state your rules very clearly - gray areas will work against you in a court
decision
La)
90
3
These are only example environmental requirements and provisions to include in a
marina customer contract or marina rules and regulations. They must be revised to reflect the
nature of your operation:
e
The laws of Georgia and the Clean Water Act of the U.S. specifically prohibit discharge or
deposit of any waste material, fuel, oil, hazardous materials or refuse of any kind into the
waters of the U.S. The marina supports these regulations and will provide assistance to
enforcement agencies to ensure compliance within the marina. Lessee is responsible for any
cleanup costs, fines or legal fees associated with noncompliance.
For each area of marina operations, including fuel dock, repair and maintenance areas, fish
cleaning area and pumpout stations, there are posted Best Management Practices (BMPs) to
prevent water pollution. Lessee, families and guests are responsible for knowing and using
fhese BMPs. (Elaborate on these BMPs as necessary considering the problems inherent to
your operation or site).
Lessee will take all necessary steps to prevent spilling fuel, oil, or other chemicals or cleaners
into the water, to refrain from pumping oil-contaminated bilge water overboard and to accept
instructions by the attendant at the fuel dock.
Fueling will occur only at the fuel dock, which is equipped for fire fighting and spill
response.
Lessee will use the services of the marina pumpout station and will not discharge sewage into
marina waters.
Lessee will use onshore restroom and shower facilities whenever possible to minimize
pumping gray water into marina waters.
Maintenance is to be performed only in designated areas that are designed for containment,
cleanup and disposal of generated waste and spills.
It is prohibited to discard of batteries, oil, fuel, painting waste or any kind of liquid waste into
marina dumpsters. Lessee must consult marina personnel for appropriate disposal or
recycling procedures.
Lessee agrees to keep all garbage generated aboard his boat for proper disposal in containers
provided by the marina.
Lessee agrees to separate recyclables and place them in appropriate containers as provided by
the marina.
Lessee will use only non-toxic, environmentally safe boat cleaning products on marina
premises.
91
9.9 Emergency Contact List
OiVFueVChemical Spills
DNR State Operating Center (SOC).............................
.l-800-241-4113
National Response Center (NRC). ...............................
. l-800-424-8802
US Coast Guard - Marine Safety Office (MSO). ..............(912) 652-4353
Chatham Emergency Management Agency (CEMA). ........(912) 65 1-3100 (Chatham County only)
USEnvironmental Protection Agency - Region IV.. ..........(404) 562-8700
'
Regulatory Assistance
DNR - Environmental Protection Division (EPD)
Savannah........(9 12) 353-3225
Bmswick.. ....(912) 264-7284
DNR - Underground Storage Tank (UST) Hotline.. ...........(404) 362-2687
Pollution Prevention
DNR - Pollution Prevention Assistance Division.. ............(404) 65 1-5120
1-800-685-2443
92
Best Management Practicesfor Marinas to Protect Georgia Water Resources
3
Section 10
References
The following are Best Management Practice (BMP) references for marina managers,
employees, subcontractors, customers and regulators. In developing this manual for Georgia
marinas, these references were used to compare current Georgia marina BMPs to those existing
elsewhere in the marina industry.
Alabama Department of Environmental Protection. (1996). Alabama Environmental
Boating Guide for Grades K-5.The University of South Alabama Department of Curriculum
and Instruction.
Alabama Department of Environmental Protection. (1996). Alabama Environmental
Boating Guide for Grades 6- 12. The University of South Alabama Department of Curriculum
and Instruction.
Alaska Health Project. (1992). Waste Reduction Guide--Shipyards. Alaska Waste
Reduction Assistance Project.
I>
Amaral, M. & Calabro, R. Sea Grant Guide to Marina Projects. University of Rhode
Island Sea Grant and URI Coastal Resources Center.
Amaral, M. & Calabro, R. (1997). MarinaNet Bibliography of Sea Grant Marina and
Boating Publications. University of Rhode Island Sea Grant and URI Coastal Resources Center.
Amaral, M. & Lee, V. (1992). Module 111: Harbormaster Reference Series. Rhode
Island State Regulations: Environmental Protection and Boating Safety. University of Rhode
Island Coastal Resources Center. Rhode Island Sea Grant.
Amaral, M., Lee, V., Marino, J., & Rhodes, J. Best Management Practices for Clean
Marinas: Lessons Learned.
Ammal, M., Lee, V., Marino, J., & Rhodes, J. (1997). Nonpoint Source Pollution for
Recreational Boating Facilities: Applying Innovative Best Management Practices. The
University of Rhode Island, Coastal Resources CenterRI Sea Grant Marine Advisory Service.
Amaral, M., Lee, V., & Rhodes, J. (1996). Environmental Guide for Marinas:
Controlling Nonpoint Source and Storm Water Pollution in Rhode Island (2nd ed.). University
of Rhode Island Coastal Resources Center. Rhode Island Sea Grant.
Barrett, M., Hollin, D., & Liffman, M. M. (1994- 1995). Recycling for a Cleaner Marine
Environment. Texas A&M University Sea Grant College Program and Louisiana Sea Grant
College Program.
93
Bierce, R., Townsend, R. T., & Weber, M. (1992). Environmental Quality in the Gulf of
Mexico: A Citizen’s Guide (2nd Ed.). Center For Marine Conservation.
Buller, P. & Cadranell, M. (1995). Clean Marina + Clean Boating + Clean Water
Partnership: A Resource Manual for Pollution Prevention in Marinas. Puget Sound Keeper
Alliance.
Burrage, D. Citizens’ Pollution Prevention Handbook. Gulf of Mexico Program
Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service.
Canadian Power and Sail Squadrons (CPSS). (1995). The Enviro-Boater Guide: A
Guide to Environmentally Friendly Boating.
Chmura, G. & Ross, N. W. (1978). The Environmental Impacts of Marinas and Their
Boats: A Literature Review with Management Considerations. Rhode Island Department of
Environmental Management. Marine Advisory Service. N O M .
Clarke, M. L. (Ed.). (1992). Boaters and Anglers’ Pledge Meeting: Proceedings December. Florida Sea Grant College Program, University of Florida.
Clifton, C. B. & McCoy, E. (1995). Marina Pollution Prevention Manual. University of
California Cooperative Extension.
Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. (1992). Best Management
Practices for Coastal Marinas: Final Report.
Davis, D. (1989). Marine Maintenance and Repair: Waste Reduction and Safety
Manual. East Carolina University. Greenville, NC
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. (May 1997).
Best Management Practices for Delaware Boat Maintenance Facilities.
Dodson, P. (Ed.). Dry Stack Marina Handbook. International Marina Institute.
Dodson, P. (1994). Practices & Products For Clean Marinas. A Best Management
Practice Handbook. International Marina Institute.
Dufin, J. M., Jellicorse, B. L., & Newbold, E. S. (1992). Economic Analysis of Coastal
Nonpoint Source Pollution Controls: Marinas. US EPA, Nonpoint Source Control Branch.
Florida Sea Grant College Program. (1995). What Responsible Boaters Can Do to Keep
Florida’s Waters Clean. University of Florida.
Glenn, P., Snow, D., & Wolf, C. (1991). Marina Operations Manual. International
Marina Institute.
Gulf of Mexico Repair Kit: Rx for a Healthy Gulf. (1996). International Marine: A
Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies.
94
Harborwatch, Inc. Turning the Tide: A Citizen’s Guide to Reducing Nonpoint Source
Pollution. South Carolina DHEC, Bureau of Water Pollution Control, Nonpoint Source
Program.
International Marina Institute. (1994). Marina Environmental Workbook. Publishing
Organization. Presented by Neil Ross for IMI with a grant from US EPA.
International Marina Institute. (1996). Catalog of Selected Marina Reference Papers
Reprinted from Conferences & Programs of the International Marina Institute.
-
Johnson, L. T., & McCoy, E. J. A. (1995). Clean Boating Bibliography, Annotated.
University of California Cooperative Extension, County of San Diego Farm & Home Advisory
Department, Sea Grant Extension Program.
Lee, V., & Milliken, A. S. (1990). Pollution Impacts from Recreational Boating: A
Bibliography and Summary Review. Rhode Island Sea Grant.
Marina Association of Texas. Best Management Practices for Texas Marinas. Texas Sea
Grant.
McArdle, R. J., & Ross, N. W. (1993). US Environmental Laws Affecting Marinas and
Recreational Boating: IMI Marina Law Abstract. International Marina Institute.
Michael, M. (1995). Green Boating: Environmentally Friendly Ideas for Afloat and
Ashore. Nor’westing.
National Marine Manufacturers Association. (1 997). Recreational Boating Facilities
Bibliography.
National Marine Manufacturers Association. Water Watch What Boaters Can Do To Be
Environmentally Friendly. [Brochure].
National Sea Grant MarinaNet Project. (1 997). The Future of the Marina Industry.
Louisiana Sea Grant College Program Communications Department, Louisiana State University.
National Sea Grant MarinaNet Project. (1997). Proceedings: MarinaNet Research
Collegium. Louisiana Sea Grant College Program Communications Department, Louisiana State
University.
Neil Ross Consultants and Concepts Unlimited. (1995). Best Management Practices for
Alaska: Compilation and Assessment of Harbor, Marina and Boat Operations and Maintenance.
Best Management Practices.
Neil Ross Consultants. (1996). Clean Marinas-Clear Value: Environmental and
Business Success Stories.
’ ‘
New York State. (1996). Marina Operations for Existing Facilities. New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation.
95
Nixon, S., Northby, S., & Oviatt, C. (1973). Ecology of Small Boat Marinas. University
of Rhode Island.
Olsson, E. H. The Risks of Adopting BMPs. University of Washington, Sea Grant
Program.
Ontario Marina Operators Association. (1 997). Clean Marine: Practices Handbook.
Oregon State Marine Board. A User Guide: Protecting Oregon Waters-Practical
Solutions for Boaters. Oregon State University.
-
PCA Consultants. (1995). Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Marinas and Small
Boatyards in British Columbia.
Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses. (1 997). Guidance on
Marine Sanitation Pumpouts (Report No 7). Commission for Sport and Pleasure. Supplement to
Bulletin No. 93.
Puget Soundkeeper Alliance. (1997). Sound Information: A Boater's Guide.
Sevin, E., & Sevin, J. (1 996). Officer Snook Hands-On/Minds-On Activity Book:
Water Pollution Related Activities and Crafts for Elementary School Age Children. Youth
Environmental Programs, Inc.
-1)
Sloan, S. (Ed.). (1996). Boatyard and Marina Operators Manual (2nd Ed.). American
Boat Builders & Repairers Association.
Smith, N., & Troy, P. (1997). Shopping for Safer Boat Care: 97 Health and
Environmental Ratings. Texas A&M University Sea Grant College Program.
Sound Watch: An Environmental Guide for Boaters. (1 993). 48* North, The Sailing
Magazine.
State of Georgia. General Permit: NO. GAR000000, Authorization to Discharge Under
the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Storm Water Discharges Associated With
Industrial Activity. Georgia DNR Environmental Protection Division.
State of Georgia. (1 997). Coastal Zone Management Program and Final Environmental
Impact Statement. NOAA Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, GA DNR
Coastal Resources Division.
State of Georgia. (1 997). Managing Automotive Repair and Body Shop Wastes - A
Guide to Prevent Pollution and Comply with the Hazardous Waste Laws. Georgia DNR
Environmental Protection Division, Hazardous Waste Management Branch.
State of Georgia. (1997). Rules for Solid Waste Management, Chapter 391-3-4.
Georgia DNR Environmental Protection Division.
96
3
State of Georgia. (1 998). Rules and Regulations for Water Quality Control, Chapter
39 1-3-6. Georgia DNR Environmental Protection Division.
State of Ohio. (1995). Pollution Prevention for Marinas. Ohio Environmental Protection
Agency.
States Organization for Boating Access. SOBA Bibliography Referencing SOBA
Publications about All Aspects of Boating Facilities.
University of California Cooperative Extension. (1 995). Marina Pollution Prevention
Manual. Sea Grant Extension Program.
-
US Coast Guard. (1994). Managing Waste at Recreational Boating Facilities: A Guide
to the Elimination of Garbage Disposal at Sea.
US Department of the Interior. Pollution Prevention Handbook - Marinas and Boatyards.
US Environmental Protection Agency. Coastal Marinas Assessment Handbook.
Region IV - Atlanta.
US Environmental Protection Agency. (1993). Guidance Specifying Management
Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters. US EPA. Ofice of Water.
3
US Environmental Protection Agency. (1 995). A Summary of Federal Regulations for
Underground Storage Tank Systems.
\
US Environmental Protection Agency. (1 996). Clean Marinas - Clear Value.
Environmental and Business Success Stories. Office of Water, Washington DC.
US Environmental Protection Agency. (1996). Managing Used Oil - Advice for Small
Business.
US Environmental Protection Agency. (1996). Understanding the Hazardous Waste
Rules - A Handbook for Small Businesses --- 1996 Update.
US Environmental Protection Agency. (1997). Leak Detection Methods for Petroleum
Underground Storage Tanks and Piping.
US Environmental Protection Agency. (1 997). Marinas and Recreational Boating
(Chapter 5 USEPA Final Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint
Pollution in Coastal Waters).
US Environmental Protection Agency. (1997). Profile of the Water Transportation
Industry. Office of Compliance and Compliance Assurance.
j
_>
US Fish and Wildlife Service. (1997). The Clean Vessel Act of 1992 Pumpout Grant
Program: American Success Stories. Neil W. Ross, Marine Environmental Education
Foundation, Inc.
97
3
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality. (1998). Pollution Prevention for
Marinas and Boatyards. Virginia Department of Pollution Prevention.
Western Wood Preservers Institute and Canadian Institute of Treated Wood. (1996).
Best Management Practices for the Use of Treated Wood in Aquatic Environments. USA
Version.
Wider Caribbean Initiative for Ship-Generated Waste. An Environmental Guide for
Marinas and Boatyards. International Maritime Organization.
Woods, Capt. Mat & Associates. (1995). Facility Response Plan for Brunswick Landing
Marina, Inc. Compliments of Capt. Robert Torras, Jr., General Manager.
Wortley, C. Allen. (1996). Docks and Marinas Bibliography. Department of
Engineering Professional Development. University of Wisconsin. City, State.
Web Sites:
Center for Marine Conservation. (1998). CMC Library & References. [On-line].
Available: www.cmc-ocean.ordsearch.html .
Environmental Protection Agency. (1998). Index of Watershed Indicators. [On-line].
Available: www.eva.gov/surf/iwi.
Florida Department of Environmental Protection. (1 998). Clean Vessel Act of 1994.
Division of Law Enforcement. [On-line]. Available:
http://www. dep.state.fl .us/law/bas/grants/cva/default.htm
Georgia Department of Natural Resources. (1998). Coastal Resources Division. [Online]. Available: www.ganet.org/dnr/coastal.
Georgia Department of Natural Resources. (1998). Environmental Protection Division.
[On-line]. Available: www.ganet.or@dnr/environ.
Georgia Department of Natural Resources. (1998). Pollution Prevention Assistance.
[On-line]. Available: www.nanet.orddnr/p2ad.
Gottlieb, S. (1997). “Complete” Links to Chesapeake Bay Information Sources. [Online]. Available: www.nmu.edu/bios/bav/links.htm.
International Marina Institute. (1998). International Marina Institute. [On-line].
Available: www.imimarina.com.
Michigan Boating Industry Association. (1998). Michigan Harbor Guide. [On-line].
Available: www.michboat.org.
98
Office of Water. (1997). Nonpoint Source Solutions: Nonpoint Source Pollution
Information Exchange. Environmental Protection Agency. [On-line]. Available:
www.epa. gov/OWOW/NPS/npsie.html.
Ohio Department of Natural Resources. (1 998). Boating and the Environment. [Online]. Available: www.dnr.state.oh.us/odnr/watercraflaws/opsnuide/envir.html.
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Available: www.marinasontario.codindex2.html and www.marinasontario.co"res.htm.
Protecting the Aquatic Environment: A Boater's Guide. (1 998). [On-line]. Available:
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of Rhode Island. [On-line]. Available: www.nsgd.nso.uri.edu.
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Best Environmental Management Practices for Georgia Marinas

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