Hyperspectral Imaging

Transcription

Updated: 11/10/12 Issue 1
Copyright M.R. Sims 2012
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Space Research Centre
Applications of Hyperspectral Imaging from
Planetary Science Through to
Healthcare
Professor Mark Sims
Department of Physics and Astronomy
University of Leicester
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Talk Contents
Talk Purpose:
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General Introduction (aimed especially at non-specialists)
Overview of Applications
+ Introduction for more specialist papers to follow
Space Research Centre: Applications of Hyperspectral Imaging
Talk Contents:
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Space Research Centre: University of Leicester
Hyperspectral vs Multispectral Imaging
Hyperspectral Imaging Data
Hyperspectral Techniques
Hyperspectral Applications
Planetary Science
Healthcare
Concluding Remarks
Origins …
To the present …
1960
2011
Univ. Leicester Space
Research Group
established by Royal
Society grant of
£13,006
Instrumentation development
for High Energy Astrophysics,
Planetary Exploration, Earth
Observation Science, and
Knowledge Exchange
“to study solar and stellar
X-ray emissions”
Total grant and contract
portfolio ~£20M
The University of Leicester Space Research Centre
• ~100 staff and postgraduate students, housed in purpose-built accommodation
• Recent expansion: 550 sq.m Michael Atiyah Building Annexe (MAB Phase-3) –
occupied November 2010
• Diversified funding for 5 current space projects and for laboratory programme
in detectors and optics
• Nationally recognised for Knowledge Exchange
• Partnerships with National (e.g Astrium) and Regional (e.g Magna Parva)
Industry
• Interacting with the ESA Centre and Harwell ISIC
•Three associated spin-off companies, plus G-STEP, Space IDEAS Hub
• Partner in NERC/TSB Centre for Earth Observation Instrumentation
Synergy – Connecting the Areas of the
Space Research Centre’s Programme
Astrophysics
Earth Observation Science
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Science & Technology Research &
Development (e.g. sensors)
Space Systems Engineering
Project Management
Knowledge Exchange –
‘Spin-Off ’
Planetary Science
Public Outreach
Missions and Mission Proposals, October 2011
Mission
Instrument
Partners
JWST
BepiColombo
EXOMARS
Astrosat
Gaia
Lobster
Athena
JUICE
Plato
LOFT
Marco-Polo-R
SVOM
XTIM/XNAV
BEXUS
MIRI
MIXS
LMC/XRF/Raman
SXT
Data Pipeline
All-Sky Monitor
Various
Auroral Imager
CCD calibration
Large-area detector
Various
X-ray Telescope
X-ray Telescope
LaBr3 Detector
ESA/NASA
) Current
ESA
) Flight
ESA
) Projects
India
)
ESA
)
India
ESA
ESA
ESA
ESA
ESA
China /CNES
DARPA/ESA
ESA/DLR/Swedish Space Agency
Operational :
Swift, XMM-Newton, Chandra, MSG I and II, (Envisat)
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Hyperspectral vs. Multispectral Imaging: I
Principles:
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Image a target in a number of discrete bands over a given wavelength band
UV, Visible, NIR, SWIR, LWIR, (Tera-hertz)
Known source, natural or artificial broad or narrow band
Look at reflectance spectrum
Characteristics of target change “reflected” light
Unique signatures of objects, chemicals, features and substances may become
visible
Hyperspectral vs Multispectral:
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Multispectral: number of discrete bands not necessarily continuous coverage in
wavelength, ~>10nm width (visible)
Hyperspectral: Continuous coverage high resolution ~2-5nm (visible)
Can be enhanced in some cases by a wavelength tunable light source
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Hyperspectral vs. Multispectral Imaging: II
Issues:
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Large data-sets
Understanding what you are seeing
Analysis
Expense (of system)
Advantages:
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Non-contact
Unique signatures may present themselves
Many applications
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Hyperspectral vs. Multispectral Imaging: III
Applications:
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Defence/Security
Precision Agriculture
Earth Resources
Pollution Control
Plastics/Recycling
Pharma
Art, Antiquities
Ecology
Food
Forensics
Healthcare
Research
++……………
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Hyperspectral Imaging Data
Large data sets consisting of images
at each wavelength band, possibly 10-100’s GB
Depending on spectral and spatial resolution
 Each image pixel has a “n” point
spectrum associated with it
 Data called a image cube and
sometimes incorrectly a “hypercube”
 Complex data analysis e.g. PCA
may be needed to identify “target”
 May need to correct for atmospheric
Absorption as well illumination
source spectrum
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Image Credit “Why Use Hyperspectral
Imaging? Peg Shippert
Photgrammetric Engineering and Remote
Sensing, April 2004, p377
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Hyperspectral Techniques
Need to spectrally disperse data
from a image pixel
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Need an detector (single pixel or
ideally imaging 2-d array)
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Need to scan spatially and/or
spectrally to collect full data set
e.g. Whiskbroom or Pushbroom
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Scanning can be achieved via
moving mirrors or imager
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Spectral dispersion can be achieved
via gratings, linear variable filters, tunable
band pass filters (filter wedges),
spectrometers, prisms
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Image Credit Hyperspectrum
News Letter
http://www.techexpo.com/WWW/opto-knowledge/hyperspectrum/hypersp4.html
(a), (b) multispectral
(c), (d) hyperspectral
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Hyperspectral Applications: I
Defence/Security
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Security LWIR
Credit: Holma, H., (May 2011) Thermische
Hyperspektralbildgebung
im langwelligen Infrarot, Photonik
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Remote chemical imaging of a simultaneous release of SF6 and NH3 at 1.5km
using the Telops Hyper-Cam imaging spectrometer
Credit: M. Chamberland, V. Farley, A. Vallières, L. Belhumeur, A. Villemaire, J. Giroux et J. Legault, "HighPerformance Field-Portable Imaging Radiometric Spectrometer Technology For Hyperspectral imaging
Applications” Proc. SPIE 5994, 59940N, September 2005
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Hyperspectral Applications: II
Precision Agriculture
Stress detection (lack of water)
via chlorophyll content
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(Credit: USDA, SpecTIR web site)
Earth Resources
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Identification of Mineral deposits
e.g USGS survey of Afghanistan
(Credit USGS)
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Hyperspectral Applications: III
Pollution Control
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Detection of pollutants e.g. oil leak
Credit: http://www.resonon.com/application_ecology.html
Below (Credit) from “Hyperspectral Image Analysis for Oil Spill Mitigation” F. Salem and M. Kafatos, paper at 2001 22nd Asian
Conference on Remote Sensing 5-9 November 2001
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Hyperspectral Applications: IV
Plastics/Recycling
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Detection of clear plastics
(Image Credit Resonon Web Site)
Pharma
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Identification of Drugs, QA of Drugs
(Image Credit Resonon Web Site)
Near infrared identification of two different drug products.
Both appear white to the naked eye, however they can be easily distinguished using a Hyperspectral Imaging spectrograph.
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Hyperspectral Applications: V
Art, Antiquities
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Detection of hidden detail, potentially overcome degradation/aging of materials
Detection of mold
Detection of earlier works
Image Credit “Quantitative Hyperspectral Imaging of Historical Documents: Technique and Applications”, R.
Padoan et al. 9th International Conference on NDT of Art, Jerusalem, Israel, 25-30 May 2008
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Hyperspectral Applications: VI
Forensics
Detection of hidden evidence, body fluids,
buried bodies, GSR, Forgery, Counterfeit items etc.
 Tunable light source may be useful
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Right and middle images Credit ChemImage
Left image University of Leicester
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Hyperspectral Applications: VII
Food
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Detection of mold/degradation
Detection of damage e.g. bruises on fruit
Classification of quality e.g. meat
Image Credit “Prediction of Meat Quality:
Application of hyperspectral and Raman
Spectroscopy” Moss et al.
Report CMS/REP/114446/1
http://www.eblex.org.uk/documents/content/research/rd_qs_b_c_fr_-_nirhyperspectralimagingtopredictbeefquality_191010.pdf
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Hyperspectral Applications: VIII
Ecology
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Land Use Change
Climate Change (effects on plants, environment, estimate of carbon area index
m2m-2 , canopy water content)
Detection of illegal logging
Detection of disease e.g. diseased trees
Detection of invasive species (plants, animals (latter if they affect plants,
environment)
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Hyperspectral Applications: IX
Planetary Science : I
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Detect geo-chemistry (mineralogy) of planetary surfaces
Based mainly in IR as that is where key absorptions occur
Data load can be a problem
Currently used from Orbit
 Examples CRISM NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
In future on-ground e.g. MicroOmega IR hyperspectral microscope on ESA
ExoMars 2018 rover for mineral classification
Note only samples top surface of any rock outcrop, question mark over how much
this represents underlying geology
Need an extensive library of spectra and pattern matching
Planetary Science: II Hyperspectral Imaging
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Hyperspectral Applications: X
Images courtesy
CRISM, NASA JPL
Hyperspectral
Applications: XI
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Images
Courtesy
CRISM,
NASA JPL
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Hyperspectral Applications:XII
Healthcare I
Non-invasive technique
 Both visible and NIR,
can see into body “~700-900nm window “
 Examples:
 Skin Cancer
Image Courtesy University of Leicester DDU
 Wound Healing
 Many studies use limited numbers of patients
 University of Leicester has set up a Non-Invasive Diagnostics Development
Unit (DDU) in conjunction with Leicester Royal Infirmary and Local NHS Trust
to pursue start of the art techniques including hyper-spectral (visible)
 Based in accident and emergency resuscitation bay
 Want to look at real clinical use
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Hyperspectral Applications: XIII
Healthcare: II
Initial Study 500 patients
20 most common presenting
complaints e.g. breathlessness,
chest pain
No hyper-spectral, but TIR
 Applying for ethics approval
for hyper-spectral work
 Initial planned studies: Kidney,
Liver, Bruising, Skin Lesions
 Data shows blood distribution
using a multi-spectral imager
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Background
Signal
Image Courtesy University of Leicester DDU
Hyperspectral
Applications: XIV
Healthcare: III
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Diagnostic
Development
Unit
Equipment
Image Courtesy
University of
Leicester DDU
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Concluding Remarks
General Remarks
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Hyper-spectral imaging is a growing area
Many applications, an ever growing list
Many companies related to topic now in existence: hardware, data processing and
applications
Costs are reducing and it is no longer just a research or defence/security tool
IR hyperspectral remains comparatively expensive
Data processing can be an issue
Understanding the data is needed by the user – skilled expertise may still be
needed in many applications to process and interpret the data
Need other data to complement data obtained from hyper-spectral
The Future
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Development of further applications
Growth of field and companies associated with it
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Acknowledgements
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Photonex 2012 for hosting this event
Prof. Steve Marshall, Gilden Photonics Ltd. and Photonex for the invite
You for attending
Various companies, institutes as credited on slides for images and information
University of Leicester
My contact details are e-mail: [email protected] , tel: 0116 2523513
Please enjoy the Conference and Visit the Exhibitors Stands
Thank You for Listening

Hyperspectral Imaging

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