environmental noise mapping in thessaloniki greece

Transcription

ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE MAPPING IN THESSALONIKI
GREECE
Jannis Panagopoulos
J.K.Panagopoulos and Associates, 8 Alopekis, Kolonaki 106 75 Athens, Greece
and Sybilla Ltd. 16 Ypsilantou st., Maroussi, 151 22, Athens, Greece
email: [email protected]
Apostolos Bizakis, Dora Zisopoulou
TREDIT S.A. 78C Vrioulon & 40 K.Karamanli Str. 551 32 Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, Greece
Athanasios Karayannis,
Sybilla ltd, 16 Ypsilantou st., Maroussi, 151 22, Athens, Greece
Nikolaos Kolletis
Dynamiki Akoystiki S.A, 47 Ventouri, Holargos 155 62, Athens, Greece
Emmanuel Tzekakis
Architectural Engineering Dpt. Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki 54124 Thessaloniki,
Greece
Paul Kassomenos
Physics Dpt. University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110, Ioannina,Greece
Cities of more than 100,000 inhabitants are required to construct noise maps to be used in noise
abatement action plans, within the framework of the Environmental Noise Directive (END)
2002/49/CE concerning the assessment and management of environmental noise. This paper is
related to a completed study titled "Assessment of Environmental Noise within the scope of Directive 2002/49 / EC for ATHENS - THESSALONIKI & SERRES agglomerations - STUDY
M7: MUNICIPALITIES OF THESSALONIKI AND NEAPOLI". The study was assigned by
the MINISTRY OF RECONSTRUCTION OF PRO-DUCTION, ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY / Department of Environment / General Directorate of Environmental Policy, Department of Climate Change and Air Quality (former name : Dept of Air and Noise Control) – Division of Noise, Vibration and Radiation to the joint venture of TREDIT SA I.K.PANAGOPOULOS, and the contract was signed on 03.31.2014. Noise Mapping is used to
“classify” the city area into zones according to different Noise levels. It records Noise as is actually present in a location and compares it to the noise levels, as stipulated by the EU standards. In this context a study was conducted on the roads of Thessaloniki city, utilizing both
Sound Level Meter measurements (SLM) and Cadna(A) software simulation (for Road Traffic
Noise, Industrial/Port noise). Noise maps were constructed and the Population exposed per
noise zone maps was calculated. This data was tabulated into different noise zones of the noise
indices Lden & Lnight of the study area, in noise zones higher than 55, 65 and 75 dB(A) respectively, at a height of 4m. from the ground . Action plans were also prepared to help the local authorities deal with local-ized noise abatement. The noise mapping procedure for the Thessaloniki County area is presented along with a case study to evaluate several noise abating plans in
specific areas. The study methodology is presented in this paper along with the results and conclusions.
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The 23rd International Congress on Sound and Vibration
1. Introduction. Study Area
The Urban area of the municipalities of Thessaloniki and Neapolis Thessaloniki under study
have been defined during the bidding phase of the project and coincide with the municipality limits.
The exact limits (mapping extends) have been defined, proposed to the Ministry and formally accepted during the first phase of the present study in order to start the preparations of the treedimensional Digital Terrain Model (DTM) with the use of a Geographical Information System
(GIS). These limits are defined by the General Urban Plans of the two Municipalities, slightly extended mainly to the North-West side in order to include the Central Thessaloniki Railway Station
(CTRS) Area.
The Strategic Noise Mapping Limits are presented in the following Figure.
NEAPOLI
THESSALONIKI
THESSALONIKI
Figure 1: Strategic Noise Mapping Limits.
The main population data along with their trends, for both the Total Urban Agglomeration of
Thessaloniki and the Municipalities under study, according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority, are
presented in the table below.
The Urban agglomeration of Thessaloniki has its own features and peculiarities. Is Geographical
expanse follows two great areas one in the North-West and one in the South-East which are connected with a central city zone which is clearly distinguished from the rest of the city structure.
2. Methodological Approach - Sources – Data
Noise Mapping i.e. presentation of data on an existing or predicted noise situation in terms of a
noise indicator, indicating breaches of any relevant limit value in force, the number of people affected in a certain area, or the number of dwellings exposed to certain values of a noise indicator in
a certain area, is part of the legal obligation of a country according to Directive 2002/49/EC.
According to the Directive above ‘strategic noise map’ means a map designed for the global as-
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ICSV23, Athens (Greece), 10-14 July 2016
Table 1: Population Data Trends (Hellenic Statistical Authority).
Actual Population 1991
Population
density per
Km2 1991
Population
density per
Km2 2001
Population
density per
Km2 2011
Urban Agglomeration of Thessaloniki
749.048
5.708,82
800.764
-
789.191
-
Municipality of
Thessaloniki
383.967
21.532,47
363.987
20.429,00
324.766**
-
Municipality of
Triandria
11.822
8.014,92
11.289
7.653,56
Municipality of
Agios Pavlos
7221
3.697,39
7.978
4.085
Municipality of
Neapoli
30.568
26.171,23
30.279
25.923,80
Municipality of
Sykeon
83.610*
6481.4*
36.347
3.715,70
41.726
5227,51
* This number represents the newly founded Municipality of Neapoli-Sykeon which resulted from the integration of the old Municipalities of
Neapoli & Sykeon
** This number represents the newly founded Municipality of Thessaloniki which resulted from the integration of the old Municipalities of Thessaloniki, Agios Pavlos and Triandria.
sessment of noise exposure in a given area due to different noise sources or for overall predictions
for such an area; The preparation of Strategic Noise Maps is mandatory for all Urban Agglomerations of more than 250.000 inhabitants.
The strategic noise maps must be compliant with the ANNEX IV of the Directive an be able to
present data on the following aspects:
 an existing, a previous or a predicted noise situation in terms of a noise indicator,
 the exceeding of a limit value,
 the estimated number of dwellings, schools and hospitals in a certain area that are exposed to
specific values of a noise indicator,
 the estimated number of people located in an area exposed to noise.
In order to produce the strategic noise maps the following steps are necessary :
A. The collection and processing of a large number of inter-connected data of the Digital Terrain
Model :
 Geographical, Topographical, Urban & Land Use, Census and Population &
 Traffic
In a Uniform, structured and Reliable way which ensures the internal Data cohesion and compatibility.
B. The creation of a Digital Geometrical and Functional model of the area under study encompassing all the above data.
C. The execution of the calculations to predict the Noise Levels in both the present and future conditions utilizing specialized software (CadnaA in this case) in which the Digital Geometrical and
Functional model of the area has been suitably imported.
D. The presentation of the prediction results in Map, Table and Diagrammatic forms in an easy to
understand way.
It is obvious that the needs of the present project demand the use of a Geographical Information
System (GIS). A GIS is defined as a set of Hardware (computers), Software (Computer programs
encompassing noise prediction algorithms) and Data, which is able to manage, analyze and graphically present geo-referenced data (i.e. data coupled with a spatial reference)
The Geographical Information System that was developed for the current study and was used to
create the digital geometrical and functional model of the Thessaloniki & Neapoli area was based
on the well established Quantum GIS software platform.
3
A Summary presentation of data needed by the model in each Digital Model (GIS) layer in the
study area is presented in the table below. The type of the data along with its source and the main
information contained in it (to be used by the Environmental Noise Calculation software CadnaA)
are also included
Table 2: Brief presentation of the data included in the GIS layers.
Α/Α
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
THEMATIC LAYER
DATA SOURCE
Geographical Descriptive
Information
Maps & Satellite Photagraphs
Elevation data-Contour
lines
(Digital Terrain Model)
NATIONAL CADASTRE & MAPPING AGENCY S.A. Hellenic
Military Geographical Service, Web
Mapping Services
NATIONAL CADASTRE & MAPPING AGENCY S.A. Hellenic
Military Geographical Service
EL.STAT, NATIONAL CADASTRE & MAPPING AGENCY
S.A.Municipal Services, Web Mapping Services
Building Blocks
Buildings
Urban planning Data
Land Use
Sensitive Land Uses
(subject to nuisance from
noise)
Road & Railroad Network
– Traffic Data.
DATA
TYPE
MAIN INFORMATION
INCLUDED IN THE
DATABASE
Analog /
Digital
Geographical Base
Analog /
Digital
1. Elevation
2. Municipality
Analog /
Digital
1. EL.STAT code
2. Population
3. Municipality
>>
Analog /
Digital
>>
Analog /
Digital
>>
Analog
EL.STAT, NATIONAL CADASTRE & MAPPING AGENCY S.A.
Municipal Services, Region of
Central Macedonia, Transport Institute TRAINOSE
Analog /
Digital
1. Floors No
2. Height
3. Population
4. Land Use
5. Municipality
1. Name / Type
2. Legal Base (ΦΕΚ)
1. Use type
2. Municipality
1. Name
2. Width
3. Traffic data
4. Rail Type
5. Rail Design data
6. Rail Traffic data
During the preparation of the Digital Model described above about 37500 buildings were included and ranked into twelve land use types. These include the Residential and sensitive uses like
Education, Healthcare/Welfare and Religion uses, well as other special uses like the Thessaloniki
International Fair Buildings, the Thessaloniki Port Authority Buildings etc. Other uses like Athletic
(sports courts) and cultural/tourism (museums & Hotels) were also used.
All the ranks of education (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary) land use is specified in 325 buildings
in the study area. Similarly Healthcare and welfare is specified in 76 buildings and Religion related
are 76 buildings. 49 buildings are specified as athletic installations and tourism related sites are 56
buildings in the study area. As culture sites (museums, galleries and theaters) 88 buildings are
specified. 25 buildings have military use (Third Army Core Headquarters). The great majority of
the buildings are ranked as general residential or mixed (residential / commercial).
The complexity of the prepared digital model in depicted in the numbers below :
 Total Number of Building Blocks
4.200
 Total Number of Buildings
37.500
 Total Number or Road Links
12.000
In the following figure the fully constructed Digital Geometric and Functional Model that was
used for the Strategic Noise Mapping calculations is presented along with the information layers
that consist it.
4
Figure 2: Example of a fully constructed Digital Geometric and Functional Model.
3. Acoustic Measurements
The Acoustic measurements of airborne noise were executed with mobile stations of noise
monitoring bearing the right infrastructure - in order to meet the requirements of new European
noise directive (with height measurement application 4, 0 m.)– equipped with noise statistical analyzers and all weather protection (in a mast) and autonomous mobile noise monitoring stations with
statistical analyzer and a microphone layout ( in a tripod), with a height measurement application
of 4,0 m from the natural ground). Before each 24 hour acoustic measurement the instruments were
calibrated with a special calibration instrument (acoustical calibrator), in order to monitor the reliability of the results throughout the duration of the recordings of the acoustic environment. During
each measurement the following indicators were recorder L1, L10, L50, L95, L99 of Leq as well as
(Lmax) and(Lmin). Results will be presented per measurement location involving at most and the following indicators:

L10(18h)

LΑeq(08.00-20.00) according to the existing law (Υ.Α. 17252/20.5.92 (ΦΕΚ Β395/13.6.92))

LΑeq(24h) and especially the indices Lden, Lday,Levening & Lnight of the directive 2002/49/EK
5
Under the first stage of the project, the contractor, formed a detailed proposal for measuring environmental noise program in the area of SNM and with emphasis on the pilot noise management
of a limited spatial scale Sub-area (ΣΔ1). Overall the program, based on the project's notice, had to
include at least 30 daily (24 hour) measurements with hourly presentation analysis of the noise indicators
Lden, Lday, Levening, Lnight, (based on the Directive 2002/49/ΕC requirement) , Leq(24hr), L10(18hr),
L1,L10 & L50, per individual Municipality covering all the different sources of environmental noise
in nearby sensitive receivers/source. In the context of this study however performed 46 24hrs
Acoustic measurements (instead of the conventional estimates of 30) with individual consecutive hourly and for 15’ (15 min) periods..
4. Road Traffic Noise - Results of exposed population, buildings, surface area
Using the Digital Model described above, coupled with the acoustic measurements, detailed
simulations were performed in order to predict the noise indices Lden & Lnight of the study area.
The above data set out in the various zones of the noise indices Lden & Lnight of the study area,
should be attributed - according to the above current institutional framework - in noise zones higher
than 55, 65 and 75 dB(A) respectively, at a height of 4m. from the ground (see table and graphs
below). Under the current framework, the total number of persons living in dwellings exposed to
each of the following noise zones/bands of Lden in dB(A) at a height of four meters above the
ground: 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, and> 75 is assessed, and in each of the following noise
zones/bands of Lnight in dB(A), also at a height of four meters above the ground: 50-54, 55-59, 6064, 65-69 and > 70. Note that all the residents - who are exposed to the above noise zones- are located within the study area in accordance with Annex VI of the Directive. The relevant estimates of
SNM which are given in the tables and charts outweigh the above requirement detailing the population (based on official statistics from National Statistical Survey of 2011), corresponding to the
noise zones of Lden & Lnight indices for the relevant DTM background according to the most recent
time scenario: both as an absolute number of inhabitants and also as surface distributed in all the
above zones. Road Traffic Noise maps for the Thessaloniki –Neapoli agglomeration for the noise
indices Lden and Lnight are presented in the following table & figures :
Table 3: Thessaloniki – Neapoli Agglomerations: Strategic Noise Map (SNM) - Population distribution per
road traffic noise zone.
Noise Zone
dΒ(Α)
6
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION PER NOISE
INDEX (residents & %)
Lden
Lnight
Lden
Lnight
< 45
227
9.514
0,1%
2,4%
45 -50
3.660
111.383
0,9%
28,6%
50 – 55
6.710
121.040
1,7%
31,0%
55 – 60
118.692
79.030
30,4%
20,3%
60 – 65
132.448
43.540
34,0%
11,2%
65 – 70
77.542
25.048
19,9%
6,4%
70 – 75
39.555
509
10,1%
0,1%
>75
11.230
0
2,9%
0,0%
TOTAL population in residents
and relative % per noise zone =
390.064
390.064
100,0%
100,0%
Figure 3: Strategic Road Traffic Noise Map in Thessaloniki –Neapoli Agglomeration- Index Lden.
7
Figure 4: Strategic Road Traffic Noise Map in Thessaloniki –Neapoli Agglomerations - Index Lnight.
5. Conclusions
A study was conducted on the roads of Thessaloniki city, utilizing both Sound Level Meter
measurements (SLM) and CadnaA software simulation (for Road Traffic Noise, Industrial/Port
noise). Strategic Noise maps were constructed and the Population exposed per noise zone maps was
calculated. This data was tabulated into different noise zones of the noise indices Lden & Lnight of the
study area, in noise zones higher than 55, 65 and 75 dB(A) respectively, at a height of 4m. from the
ground. Noise levels typical of cities of this complexity were observed and predicted. Action plans
were also prepared to help the local authorities deal with localized noise abatement.
8

environmental noise mapping in thessaloniki greece

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