Crusades The Other Side

Crusades: The Other Side
Muslim views and Issues of the
Crusades
Objectives
• The students will be able to recognize and
give details towards the Muslims’ view of
the Crusades
• The students will be able to identify key
figures of the Crusades from the Muslim
side
• The students will be able identify the
effects of the Crusades on the Middle East.
Prior to the Crusades
Prior to the Crusades
• Many people in the
west believe that all
Muslims were the
same
• The Islamic World
was split into many
factions based on
politics, geography,
and religious
interpretation
•
•
•
•
•
Sunni
Abbasid
Seljuk
Shiite
Fatimid
Prior to the Crusades
• The first contact/conflict of Christian and
Islamic forces came between the
Byzantines and the Muslims
• For many years these two groups fought
over territory but never with the zeal that
was seen during the Crusades.
• Eventually both sides came to an
understanding.
Prior to the Crusades
• Jerusalem had been an open city in which
Christians of both Eastern and Western
faiths found much freedom.
• During this time between the 8th and 10th
century many Christians of the Middle
Eastern region converted to Islam since
both religions shared many similarities.
Prior to the Crusades
• Seljuk Turks coming out of Turkestan in
Central Asia were gaining control and
once they made it to the Middle East they
wished to expand into Byzantine lands.
• Between the years of 1063 and 1071 the
Byzantines and the Muslims clashed. In
the end, the Byzantines were pushed back.
The
st
1
Crusade
1st Crusade
• The Muslims had contact with the west for
many years.
• The Byzantines and the Muslims had
minor skirmishes from years in Asia
Minor
• The Muslims believed that all European
forces were like the Byzantines
1st Crusade
• Prior to the First Crusade, a minor force
came from Europe
• The force was led by Peter the Hermit
• The Muslims destroyed the ‘Crusaders’ of
Peter the Hermit
1st Crusade
• With the loss of the major city Antioch,
Muslims and also native Christians were
looted.
• Within the city of Antioch the Muslims
experienced the violence of the Crusaders.
Crusaders murdered and looted the
majority of the city
1st Crusade
• Beside the attacks and sieges of the
Crusaders, the Muslims were introduced
to another killer, disease
• During the Crusade the Europeans were
able to introduce many illnesses, the
worst was an outbreak of Typhoid which
killed a significant amount of people on
both sides of religion.
1st Crusade
• The reputation of the Crusaders was now
known up and down the coast
• The cities of Tripoli, Beirut, and Acre were
willing to pay off the Crusaders than to
fight them.
• .
Siege of Jerusalem
• The Muslims drove out all the Christians
of the city and prepared for a long siege.
• The Muslims of Jerusalem were overrun by
the Crusaders.
• The Crusaders were believed to be
destined by their liberation of many holy
places and also the city of Bethlehem.
Results of the 1st Crusade
• This is the only loss that the Muslims
experienced during the 7 crusades.
• Mostly disorganization and
unpreparedness cost them the 1st Crusade
• For years, the Muslims had skirmishes
with the Byzantines. They believed that
the Christians of the West would be the
same.
Results of the 1st Crusade
• A new force entered the Muslim world, it
was led by a man named Hassan-I-Sabah.
• The name of this group was the Assassins.
• The Assassins were fanatical about
religion. They did not care whom they had
to fight.
• Both the Muslims and Christians learned
to fear them.
The 2nd Crusade
2nd Crusade 1147-1149
• Imad al-Din Zengi attacks Tripoli in 1137
• He then takes Edessa in 1144,
slaughtering Christians in the form of
revenge
• Bernard the Monk pushes for the defense
of the Holy Land March 31, 1146
2nd Crusade 1147-1149
• New Crusaders arrived in the Middle East
only to find that many of the Europeans
that stayed from the 1st Crusade had
established a very comfortable life
• There became a blending of East and West
in terms of culture and lifestyle.
The 3rd Crusade
Saladin (1137-1193)
• Influenced by two men, Zengi and Nur alDin
• Zengi (Uncle) introduced Saladin to Nur
al-Din and became an officer
• Zengi was influencial during 2nd Crusade,
captured Edessa
• Between the years of 1164-1169
defended Cairo
Saladin (1137-1193)
• Saladin finds himself fighting Muslims in
Egypt (Assassins try to kill him 1174-75)
• After total victory within Islam, Saladin
eliminated crusader fortress in 1177
• Saladin defeats Christian forces at the
Horns of Hattin, July 1187
• Doesn’t stop by Oct. 1187 controls
Jerusalem
3rd Crusade 1189-1192
• Saladin and the leader of the Assassins,
Rashid ed-Din Sinan were in negotiations
with the leader of the Franks, Amalric.
• After a very positive meeting, the leader of
the Knights Templar, Reynald of Chatillon
ambushed and killed many of the people
that attended the meeting (1173).
Saladin vs. the Templars
3rd Crusade 1189-1192
• After the Battle of Hattin Saladin sells the
living soldiers into slavery.
• The Knights Templar are tortured and
killed, and Reynald the most hated of
them all is beheaded in Saladin’s
presence.
• Jerusalem stays in the hands of the
Muslims.
3rd Crusade 1189-1192
• King Guy is released by Saladin but not
until he promises to stay out of the ‘war.’
• Guy turns around and comes back in with
the support of King Phillip II of France.
3rd Crusade 1189-1192
• Saladin who is the hero of the 3rd Crusade
faces a dilemma with Richard III
• He knows that he can’t defeat Richard for
the city so he has to come to a
compromise
• Both sides realize that they need to save
face with their people
• In the end, Saladin ends up look like the
victor.
After the 3rd Crusade
• Saladin dies in 1193 and the unity of the
region disappears, and his legend grows
• The 4th Crusade saw the Crusaders aim
for the Byzantines rather than the
Muslims.
• The remaining Crusades were more a
victory for the Muslims because of the
political problems and lack of focus of the
Europeans.