timber balustrade
Transcription
timber balustrade
10 TIMBER BALUSTRADE The current version of this document is on the internet. Printed version & prices may be superseded. All material subject to copyright. ground level only - no pool usage how to measure and install balustrade video Woodworkers’ Union Jack 2 Rail Balustrade Woodworkers’ Dowel 2 Rail Balustrade Woodworkers’ Single Stump 3 Rail Dowel Balustrade TB5 (circa 1880 - 1914) TB8 (circa 1900 - 1920) Woodworkers’ Cricket Stump 3 Rail Dowel Balustrade Woodworkers’ 2 Rail Slat Balustrade TB6 (circa 1900 - 1920) TB9 (circa 1920 - 1938) Woodworkers’ Double Stump 3 Rail Dowel Balustrade Woodworkers’ 3 Rail Slat Balustrade TB7 (circa 1900 - 1920) (show with fretworked motif panel) TB1 (circa 1820 - 1880) Woodworkers’ Union Jack 3 Rail Balustrade TB2 (circa 1820 - 1880) Woodworkers’ Diagonal Ring 3 Rail Balustrade TB10 (circa 1920 - 1939) TB3 (circa 1850 - 1880) Note: Prices listed for TB1, 2 and 3 assume consistent sized panels. Projects where large variations occur in panel lengths where additional set out is required may attract a surcharge. Woodworkers balustrade is often more than 20% cheaper than our, major competitors and it s better! Woodworkers’ Alternate Stump 3 Rail Dowel Balustrade Woodworkers’ 2 Rail Square Balustrade TB12 (circa 1900 - 1920) (31 x 31 square dressed ballustrade) TB11 (contemporary) Balustrade price list (inc GST) - Brisbane only* Interstate outlets will attract a transportation surcharge * Regional orPrice overhead assembled assembled gate per TB5 TB6 TB7 TB8 TB9 TB10 TB11 TB12 TB1 TB2 TB3 linear metre assembled stair balustrade per linear metre $116 $116 $126 $126 $121 $121 $131 $131 $364 $364 $394 $142 $142 $158 $158 $142 $158 $168 $163 N/A N/A N/A 1095 Ipswich Rd Moorooka 4105 07 3848 1383 F: 07 3892 1476 $194 $194 $205 $205 $179 $200 $210 $210 N/A N/A N/A valence per linear metre (max 300mm) $58 $58 $58 $58 $63 $63 $63 $63 N/A N/A N/A for LSOP treated pine fretworked motif panels. $29 single (TB9), $32 double (TB10) head installed. Prices are for all heights to 1000mm with either breadloaf, ladies waist, colonial or square handrail design ex 75 x 75mm. Slat size 67 x 19mm. Dowel size 25mm @ 100mm centres approximately. • All panels are made approximately 25mm oversize each end to allow for site fitting. • Other designs can be quoted on request, including pool fencing at 1200mm high. • To include pre-installation kits add $14 per panel BALUSTRADE PRICES ARE CALCULATED IN 300MM INCREMENTS PRESEALING BALUSTRADE WHITE PRIME Website: www.woodworkers.com.au BRISBANE (max 600mm) per linear metre • Extra $32 /m SIKKENS PRIME $42 /m PRIMING NOT AVAILABLE FOR IRON DESIGNS Email: [email protected] GOLD COAST SUNCOAST SYDNEY Warehouse Road Southport 4215 07 5571 0088 F: 07 5571 0617 53 Wises Road Maroochydore 07 5479 0999 F: 07 5479 0911 2 Sydenham Rd Brookvale 2100 02 9938 4999 F: 02 9938 4666 updated: 02.12.15 The style of timber balustrades provides one of the best clues to the age of old houses. Before 1880 virtually all Queensland houses had Union Jack style balustrading, using slender timbers in compositions emphasising a diagonal pattern. In the late nineteenth century cast iron was the fashionable balustrade material although simple two rail dowel or turned balustrades were also commonly used. By 1900 there was a resurgence in preference for timber balustrades again, with variations on the three rail dowel design being the hallmark of the Federation era. The inter-war period was characterised by a shift to slatted balustrade in lieu of dowels, often with fretworked motif panels or constructed entirely from fretworked palings. The woodworkers Company supplies balustrading made from hardwood in pre-assembled panel form, custom built for each column spacing. Stair balustrading in pre-assembled form is also available, together with matching timber valances to trim the lintel beam above the handrailing. , BALUSTRADE FAQs The current version of this document is on the internet. Printed version & prices may be superseded. All material subject to copyright. THE WHAT TYPE OF TIMBER IS USED? WOODWORKERS All rails are seasoned and/or treated eucalyptus hardwood. Dowels and slats are kiln dried hardwood, either eucalyptus or merbau. Feature panels (used in TB9 + 10) are LOSP treated pine. We avoid the general use of pink pine componentry because it will not have the durability or strength of genuine hardwood. COMPANY WHAT HEIGHT IS IT AND WHAT LENGTH CAN WE GO UP TO? r hand ails 67mm Woodworkers balustrading is 1000mm high as standard but other heights are available if matching or replacing existing balustrades. The Building Code requires minimum height of 1000mm if the potential fall off the verandah or deck is greater than 1000m. It is best to check with your local council or certifier if in doubt-especially if replacing or matching existing panels. We recommend a maximum length of 3000mm. Larger panels can be made on request but engineering advice would be required to ascertain their suitability. 67mm & bottom r Cricket Stump Dowel 42mm l rai id a il Dowels are 25mm diameter (other sizes are available at additional cost). Each panel is individually plotted/spaced using 100mm centres as the basic calculation. m HOW FAR APART AND WHAT SIZE ARE : The Dowels The Slats Our standard slats are 67mm wide and 19mm thick. These are spaced using a 50mm gap as a guide but because each panel is individually plotted this gap will vary thus avoiding a slat being too close to a post or column. 67mm The Rails The gap between top and mid rail is not permitted to be greater than 125mm. Likewise the gap between the verandah/deck and the bottom rail cannot be greater than 125mm. Woodworkers preassembled balustrading has a gap of approximately 120mm between top and mid rail and approximately 100mm between deck and bottom rail. 2. Ladies Waist 3. Colonial Ladies Waist inside 42mm NOTE The bottom rail sill profile must face inwards to meet building regulations. The slats must not be able to be kicked out from internally. Woodworkers offers a choice of 4 standard top rails outside 125mm max WHAT RAIL PROFILES ARE AVAILABLE? 1. Breadloaf sill outside inside 67mm 4. Square Dressed 3 Rail Motif slat These are all approximately 67mm x 67mm and are sold at the same price for each style. Woodworkers offer a choice of mid rail and bottom rail profiles (TB5,6,7,8). Our standard mid and bottom rail profiles have a round top - similar to the Breadloaf top rail – this was traditionally used to help with rain water flow off. Alternatively a square dressed rail is available at the same price. All mid and bottom rails are approx 68mm x 42mm. The same choice (round top or square dressed) is available with the TB10 mid rail. WHAT FEATURE PANELS CAN I CHOOSE? Woodworkers standard feature panel is 116mm wide and pricing reflects this standard size. Other sizes may be available. spade club fleur rose bud spear tudor gum queens leaves lander tulip palm lotus golf batten leaf poin settia DO WOODWORKERS SELL COMPONENTS FOR D.I.Y ASSEMBLY? dowel valance NO. Only the top rails are available in raw material form. CAN BALUSTRADING BE USED INDOORS? verandah bracket YES. But designs and finish are the same as for external balustrades i.e. not furniture grade. crown & collar moulds WHAT DESIGNS CAN I USE? All of Woodworkers designs conform to current building standards and can be used in most situations. You can also create your own design. The only design not suitable in some circumstances is TB1, 2 & 3, which cannot be used on verandah/decks more than 4metres above the surface beneath. It is always best to check with your local council/certifier. WHAT IS VALANCE? A valence is a panel generally situated under the lintel that matches the balustrade below. Valences are often used where lintel beams are unusually high eg. 2400mm + or where houses have been raised and a valence is installed below the balustrade to disguise and soften the proportions of the elevations. THE WOODWORKERS COMPANY thistle gecko stop chamfer handrail breadloaf dowel balustrade BRISBANE GOLD COAST SUNCOAST SYDNEY 1095 Ipswich Rd Moorooka 4105 07 3848 1383 F: 07 3892 1476 Warehouse Road Southport 4215 07 5571 0088 F: 07 5571 0617 53 Wises Road Maroochydore 07 5479 0999 F: 07 5479 0911 2 Sydenham Rd Brookvale 2100 02 9938 4999 F: 02 9938 4666 FAQs It,s hard to beat hardwood for balustrade. Pink prime pine doesn,t last the time. Frequently asked questions THE The current version of this document is on the internet. Printed version & prices may be superseded. All material subject to copyright. WOODWORKERS COMPANY CAN WE USE BALUSTRADES FOR POOL FENCING? YES. However the overall height must be extended to 1200mm minimum and a price increase is incurred (POA). HOW LONG WILL THE BALUSTRADE LAST? Hardwood timber when correctly installed, sealed and painted will last a lifetime. Many homes have hardwood balustrading over 100 years old. HOW DO YOU FIX TO POSTS? handrail post At a small additional cost Woodworkers offers the option of a ‘false tenon’ fixing system; top and bottom rails have a 19mm x 19mm groove on their underside which neatly takes a special plug that is installed in to your posts. Small galvanized steel angle brackets can also be used. Woodworkers recommend 75 x 75 x 15 x 3mm thick brackets on handrail. We do not recommend only skew-nailing. On all installations Woodworkers recommends the use of galvanised nails (65 x 3.75mm) and/or galvanized steel screws (No.10). In most situations balustrading is a decorative safety barrier and therefore professional standards of installation and fixing should at all times be achieved. Woodworkers recommends the use of a qualified installer or the consultation of “Timber Queensland Limited Technical Data Sheet 23”. If in doubt contact a qualified certifier. Easy installation false tenon kit per balustrade panel $14.00 includes routed housing in top + rail and 4 tenon plugs. tenon plugs $2.75 each WHAT IS THE INSTALLATION SEQUENCE? 1. Ensure panel is centered, scribe both sides and then trim ends to size as necessary. 2. Place panel in position making sure rails are horizontal. Mark on posts underside of bottom rail (& underside of top rail if installing 2 rail configuration). 3. Using a 25mm spade bit put point of spade bit 10mm above mark and drill a 25mm deep hole. 4. Insert plugs – bottom flat side of square plug should line up with mark on posts. Glue into position. 5. Slide rails/panels down onto plugs and into position. A couple of 65 x 3.75mm galvanized nails (predrilled) or screws should be used to secure rails into position from underneath. CAN THE BALUSTRADE COME PRE-PRIMED? Yes. We can fully prime balustrading in oil based white primer or Sikkens clear at additional cost. We always prime the lower ends of dowels or slats to ensure a sealed end grain.The primer used is Sikkens. Once installed we recommend that the product be sealed and primed to minimise surface cracking and bleeding. We recommend that balustrading be sealed with oil based paint or sealer within 48 hours of delivery. All cuts should be sealed prior to installation. If slight surface cracking occurs a little light sanding might be necessary, followed by filling and a second coat of primer/sealer. CAN THE TIMBER BE CLEAR FINISHED? Yes. However we cannot guarantee species or colour continuity; although this can sometimes be achieved if we are advised clear finishing is proposed. When clear finishing we recommend 1 coat of Sikkens HLS (available in colours) + 2 coats of Sikkens Cetol deck satin 078. WILL THE TIMBER SPLIT OR CRACK? It is in the very nature of hardwood for its surfaces to slightly split or crack. The hardwood timbers used have a durability class suited specifically for the purpose of verandah rails (Iron Bark, Spotted Gum, Merbau) and although are seasoned hardwood, a small amount of surface splitting/cracking might occur. This is especially so in the drier and colder months of the year. CAN WE CREATE OUR OWN DESIGN? Yes. Woodworkers can quote on other designs & patterns if you need to match existing balustrading or you can create your own pattern & design. HOW DO WE MEASURE FOR STEPS/RAKE? length POST To calculate the angle of steps we need to know the height of a step (top of one step to top of the next step) and the width of the step (from the front of one step tread to the front of the next step tread). Also required is the distance from post to post i.e. the distance down the length of the stringer. On lengths 2 metres and over it is best to supply us with measurements taken from the top & bottom steps. (from post to post at step angle) HOW WIDE CAN BALUSTRADE GATES BE? Best value available. Woodworkers assembled balustrading is usually cheaper than buying component parts from other suppliers and having to put it together yourself. With our assembled balustrading all the work is done for you at a great price and every panel is individually plotted to suit your exact needs. This ensures you have no dowels or slats at odd spacing next to your posts. Our assembled balustrading is unbeatable quality for price and we also offer fully assembled panels for gates, steps, valances and ramps. THE WOODWORKERS COMPANY going rise: STEP From top of upper tread to top of lower tread. going: rise STEP Face of top tread to face of next lower tread. Ignore any overlap to measure effective step tread size STEP how to measure the step rake BRISBANE GOLD COAST SUNCOAST SYDNEY 1095 Ipswich Rd Moorooka 4105 07 3848 1383 F: 07 3892 1476 Warehouse Road Southport 4215 07 5571 0088 F: 07 5571 0617 53 Wises Road Maroochydore 07 5479 0999 F: 07 5479 0911 2 Sydenham Rd Brookvale 2100 02 9938 4999 F: 02 9938 4666 updated: 10.03.15 HOW DOES THE COST OF WOODWORKERS BALUSTRADING COMPARE? VERANDAH / DECK POST We recommend a gate be no wider than 600mm. If a need exists for a wide gate then a support wheel should be attached on the swinging end of the gate or proper mortise and tenon joinery ordered. 10 TIMBER + IRON BALUSTRADE The current version of this document is on the internet. Printed version & prices may be superseded. All material subject to copyright. THE WOODWORKERS timber and Iron external balustrade COMPANY Woodworkers’ Offset Collar Iron Balustrade Woodworkers’ Centre Twist Iron Balustrade TS2 (Type “A” collar only) TS3 Timber and iron Balustrade price list (inc GST) - Brisbane only Price per linear metre assembled 125mm centres TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 $221 $236 $231 $263 Price per linear metre assembled 100mm centres $273 $289 $284 $315 NOTE: Stair balustrading per linear metre assembled is $32 per metre higher than list prices above. TS3 not available for stairs Woodworkers’ Mid Collar Iron Balustrade Woodworkers’ Margin Collar Iron Balustrade TS1 (Type “B” collar only) TS4 (Type “A” collar only) Collar styles Iron feature panels At a fraction of the cost of all iron balustrading, Woodworkers’ makes a range of black powdercoat baluster designs set in hardwood rails to achieve a fresh European look, Installation is simple and cost effective, without the need for specialist metalworkers. “1” - $68.00 “2” - $68.00 “A” FAQs “B” “C” “3” - $58.00 “1” “2” “3” WHAT SIZE IS THE STEEL IN THE TIMBER AND IRON EXTERIOR BALUSTRADE? All steel is 12mm. In TS1,2 & 4 the steel is 12mm round and in TS3 (twist) the steel is 12mm square, powder coat finished. CAN POWDER COATED BALUSTRADING BE USED IN A SEASIDE ENVIRONMENT? No. However in areas of high exposure a zinc powder protection primer (zinc shield2) can be applied prior to the top powdercoats. This costs an additional $40 per meter. WHAT GUARANTEE COMES WITH POWDER COATED BALUSTRADE? When used externally Dulux give a 7 year colour integrity film guarantee - refer to their website www.duluxpowders.com.au for further information. Compare our prices ! BRISBANE 1095 Ipswich Rd Moorooka 4105 07 3848 1383 F: 07 3892 1476 Email: [email protected] GOLD COAST SUNCOAST SYDNEY Warehouse Road Southport 4215 07 5571 0088 F: 07 5571 0617 53 Wises Road Maroochydore 07 5479 0999 F: 07 5479 0911 2 Sydenham Rd Brookvale 2100 02 9938 4999 F: 02 9938 4666 updated: 02.12.15 Website: www.woodworkers.com.au TECHNICAL DATA SHEET ISSUED BY TIMBER QUEENSLAND TIMBER HANDRAILS & BALUSTRADES RECOMMENDED PRACTICE // MARCH 2014 23 This data sheet provides general guidance on member sizes, connections and suitable materials for the construction of handrails and balustrades. The information provided in this data sheet does not preclude the use of manufacturer’s proprietary information where this satisfies the requirements of the regulatory authority. INTRODUCTION LOADS For all Classes of building, handrails and balustrades are required to comply with the Building Code of Australia (BCA). The BCA requirements include design and construction provisions for the various components including compliance with the loading provisions of AS 1170.1 Structural design actions Part 1: Permanent, imposed and other actions. AS 1170.1 requires balustrades and railings together with members and connections which provide structural support to be able to resist the following factored limit state loads - 0.9kN inward, outward and downward load at any point. It also requires balustrades and handrails to be able to resist factored horizontal or vertical loads of 0.53kN/m for all areas within or servicing exclusively one dwelling including stairs and landings but excluding external balconies and 1.13kN/m for external balconies in domestic and other residential buildings. Infill, including balusters, should be capable of resisting 0.75kN in any direction. For handrails and balustrades, the BCA is primarily concerned with the safety of building users and occupants. Design and construction must therefore take into consideration both the strength and durability of materials and components as well as the “geometric“ constraints prescribed by the BCA to prevent people from accidentally falling through, under or over the balustrade. The BCA should be consulted to determine where handrails and balustrades are required and for specific details regarding handrails for stairs, geometric limitations and other criteria. Note:In addition, AS 1170 recommends other design loads for specific conditions such as to restrain crowds or people under panic conditions. For this case, design to resist a uniform load of 4.5kN/m is required. For these conditions, handrail and balustrade systems should be specifically designed and are not covered in this data sheet. Figure 1. Balustrade terminology and dimensions ©TIMBER QUEENSLAND LIMITED TECHNICAL DATA SHEET 23 TIMBER HANDRAILS & BALUSTRADES Revised March 2014 Page 1 MATERIALS (Timber - general) Durability In weather exposed above ground applications or, where subjected to other sources of moisture, handrails, posts, newels, balusters, and infill should be either Above Ground Durability Class 1 species such as blackbutt, spotted gum, ironbark, jarrah, merbau or kwila with any sapwood present treated to H3 (or higher) or, H3 (or higher) treated softwood such as slash, Aruacana (hoop) or radiata pine. Preservative treatment shall comply with AS 1604. Maximum distance between intermediate supports, where required as per Note 2 Table 2. Note: Meranti, Victorian Ash and Tasmanian Oak are not suitable for weather exposed applications. For internal use, timber of any durability class is suitable. Timber Grade The timber should be free from any major strength reducing features, be straight grained and be in accordance with the following:- • • Hardwood (Including Meranti) – AS 2796 – Timber - Hardwood – Sawn and milled products - Clear or select grade Softwood (Including imported softwood) – AS 4785 – Timber Softwood, Sawn and milled products - Clear grade Note: Finger jointed timber shall comply with AS 1491 – ‘Finger jointed structural timber’ and laminated timber shall comply with AS 1328 – ‘Glued laminated structural timber’. Figure 2. Intermediate Vertical Support TABLE 2 - HANDRAILS Timber Size / Description Within or exclusively servicing one Dwelling (excluding external balconies) Other areas in Residential Buildings (including external balconies) No Intermediate Vertical Supports (1) With Intermediate Vertical Supports (2) No Intermediate Vertical Supports (1) With Intermediate Vertical Supports (2) Hardwood 65 x 65 (profiled) 42 x 65 (profiled) 42 x 85 (profiled) 35 x 70 35 x 90 35 x 120 45 x 70 45 x 90 45 x 120 70 x 70 70 x 90 3000 2200 2400 2100 2200 2400 2500 2700 2900 3500 3600 3000 2700 3400 3000 3600 3600 3200 3600 3600 3500 3600 3000 2200 2400 2100 2200 2400 2500 2700 2900 3500 3600 3000 2700 3400 3000 3600 3600 3200 3600 3600 3500 3600 Meranti and Australian Grown Softwood 65 x 65 (profiled) 42 x 65 (profiled) 42 x 85 (profiled) 35 x 70 35 x 90 35 x 120 45 x 70 45 x 90 45 x 120 70 x 70 70 x 90 2700 1400 1800 1200 1600 2100 2000 2400 2600 3200 3400 2700 2000 3000 2400 3200 3600 2800 3400 3600 3200 3600 2200 1400 1700 1200 1600 1800 1800 2000 2400 2800 3200 2200 1800 2400 2000 2500 3400 2200 2900 3600 2800 3600 Softwood Imported or Unknown Origin 65 x 65 (profiled) 42 x 65 (profiled) 42 x 85 (profiled) 35 x 70 35 x 90 35 x 120 45 x 70 45 x 90 45 x 120 70 x 70 70 x 90 2400 1400 1800 1200 1600 1900 2000 2200 2300 2900 3000 2400 2000 2700 2400 2900 3600 2600 3100 3600 2900 3400 2200 1400 1700 1200 1600 1800 1800 2000 2300 2800 3000 2200 1800 2400 2000 2500 3400 2200 2900 3600 2800 3400 MATERIALS (Structural Properties & sizes) Posts / Newel Posts Newel posts with handrails attached (handrails not greater than 1000mm from the floor) and posts connected to and restrained by the roof frame, up to 2700mm high shall be in accordance with Table 1 TABLE 1 - POSTS Timber Grade Newel Posts (external) Full Height Posts Minimum Maximum Minimum size Post size (mm x mm) Spacing (mm x mm) (m) Maximum Post Spacing (m) 88 x 88 1.3 88 x 88 2.3 F17 (Hardwood) 90 x 90 2.7 90 x 90 3.6 F27 (Hardwood) 90 x 90 3.6 90 x 90 3.6 F8 (Softwood) F8, 88 x 88 newel post used internally may be spaced up to 2.7 m. Where posts support roof and or floor loads, refer to AS 1684 to determine minimum grade and size but shall be min F8, 88 x 88. Handrails Handrail sizes and spans shall be in accordance with Table 2. Note: 1. Manufacturers that use this data sheet as the basis of their design should ensure that their products satisfy Australian Standards and have the relevant minimum mechanical properties including the following:Hardwood – Stress Grade F22, (characteristic bending strength f’b = 65 MPa, Modulus of elasticity E = 16000 MPa) and Joint Group JD2. Examples - spotted gum, ironbark, blackbutt, kwila and merbau. Meranti and Australian Softwood – (characteristic bending strength f’b = 25 MPa, Modulus of elasticity E = 9100 MPa) and Joint Group JD4. Examples - radiata pine, hoop pine, slash pine and meranti. Imported Softwood - (characteristic bending strength f’b = 25 MPa, Modulus of elasticity E = 6900 MPa) and Joint Group JD4. Examples - New Zealand radiata pine. 2. Unless branded to identify that it is ‘Australian Grown’, softwood balustrades spans shall be determinded from the ‘Imported Softwood’ spans given in Table 2. Infill / Balusters The minimum size of infill/balusters shall be as follows:Hardwood - 25 x 19 mm or 25mm diameter Softwood - 62 x 19 or 35 mm diameter Maximum span of Handrail (mm) (see notes over page) ©TIMBER QUEENSLAND LIMITED TECHNICAL DATA SHEET 23 TIMBER HANDRAILS & BALUSTRADES Revised March 2014 Page 2 Notes 1. Handrails with no intermediate vertical supports may be used on flat or on edge. See Figure 3. 2. Handrails with intermediate vertical supports shall be installed on flat with intermediate vertical supports spaced not greater than the allowable spans given for the same handrail with no intermediate vertical supports. See Figures 2 and 3. 3. Where a mid-rail (minimum size 42x65) is within 150mm of the main handrail and is rigidly fixed to it (using blocks, or balusters or dowels that pass through the mid rail and are fixed to the top rail) at least once at mid span, the allowable span of the handrail may be increased by 300mm. 4. Handrail spans have been limited to 3600 mm maximum. 5. Profiled sections typically include bread loaf, ladies waist and colonial profiles. 6. There is no negative tolerance permitted on the breadth or depth dimensions (overall outside dimensions of profiled shapes) given in the above table. Figure 3. Handrails - on flat / on edge Corrosion Resistance For weather exposed applications, all metal connections including nails, screws, bolts and brackets should be a minimum of hot dipped galvanised (or for screws, Class 3 corrosion resistance as per AS 3566). For coastal environments subjected to airborne salt deposition, stainless steel or equivalent corrosion resistant metal connections should be used. CONNECTIONS TABLE 3 - LOADS ON HANDRAILS Span Type Single Span Continuous Span Handrail Span (mm) Handrail Connection Loads (kN) Within or exclusively servicing one Dwelling (exc. external balconies) Other Areas in Residential Buildings (inc. external balconies) 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 3600 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.95 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 3600 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.7 5.1 EXAMPLE OF DETERMINING HANDRAIL CONNECTION The shaded areas in Tables 3 and 4 provide a guide to the selection of an appropriate connection for a Class 3 Building with a continuous span softwood handrail span of 2400mm. Step 1. From Table 3 determine the load on the handrail = 3.4 kN Step 2 From Table 4 and Figure 4, determine a connection with the capacity to resist 3.4 kN. Step 3 Acceptable solutions determined from Table 4 are:Type A connection, 1/M10 bolt or Type B connection, 2/No 10 screws or Type D connection, 2 No 14 screws per leg of bracket ©TIMBER QUEENSLAND LIMITED TECHNICAL DATA SHEET 23 TIMBER HANDRAILS & BALUSTRADES Revised March 2014 Page 3 TABLE 4 - CAPACITY OF HANDRAIL CONNECTIONS Capacity of Connections (kN) Timber Type A No. Bolts Hardwood (JD2) Softwood and meranti (JD4) Type B Bolt Size (Cuphead) No. Screws Type C Screw Size (Type 17) M10 M12 No 10 1 13 14 1 3.4 4.4 2 26 28 2 6.8 8.8 Screws Nails No14 2/No 10 2/No 14 2/3. 15 dia 2/3. 75 dia 1 8 9 1 2.0 2.6 2 16 18 2 4.0 5.2 Type D Type E 2 / Screws per leg of bracket Refer to Manufacturers specifications No 10 No 14 1.9 2.3 1.6 1.8 4.9 7.6 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.0 2.8 4.3 Notes: 1. For Type B connections, minimum screw penetration into post is 38mm. 2. For Type C connections the minimum screw penetration into post is 40mm and the minimum nail penetration into post is 38mm. 3. Midrails and bottom rails shall be fixed with a minimum of 2 / 3.15 dia. skew nails. C. Stop housed and nailed or screwed (Flush full or half checked to post) A. Bolted B. Screwed Figure 4. Handrail Connections D. Brackets E. Proprietary (i.e. tenon) TABLE 5 - CONNECTORS FOR BALUSTERS / INFILL Timber Type A - Mimimum Nail / Screw Penetration ‘l’ (mm) Nails Screws Type B - Nail in shear minimum penetration ‘l’ (mm) 2 / 2.5 dia. 2 / 2.8 dia 1 / No. 8 1 / No. 10 Hardwood (JD2) 22 20 15 15 1 / 2.5 dia x 25 penetration Softwood and meranti (JD4) 53 47 15 15 2 / 2.5 dia x 25 penetration Notes: Where the balusters / infill are slotted into a groove or a dowel into a hole (i.e. top connection in FIgure 5 Type A) that restrains both inward and outward forces, the above nail / screw fixing requirements are not applicable. ©TIMBER QUEENSLAND LIMITED TECHNICAL DATA SHEET 23 TIMBER HANDRAILS & BALUSTRADES Revised March 2014 Page 4 Type A Type B Figure 5. Balusters/Infill Figure 6. Post and Newel Post Connections PAINTING AND FINISHING – EXTERNAL SAFE WORKING Unprimed Timber Nail holes should be stopped with an exterior grade wood filler. Working with timber produces dust particles. Protection of the eyes, nose and mouth when sanding, sawing and planing is highly recommended. Refer to tool manufacturers for safe working recommendations for particular items of equipment. Dirt or any loose material should be removed prior to coating. All surfaces, ends and joints should be primed prior to assembly with a quality solvent based alkyd primer or stain, in accordance with manufacturers recommendations. Final top coats of exterior paint or stain should then be applied in accordance with manufacturers recommendations. DISPOSAL OF OFFCUTS AND WASTE For any treated timber, do not burn offcuts or sawdust. Preservative treated offcuts and sawdust should be disposed of by approved local authority methods. Pre-primed LOSP Treated Timber Refer to TDS 24 - Recommendations for the use of H3 LOSP Treated Pine. Pre-primed handrail and balustrade components should be sanded back and dusted off to remove any loose or powdery coatings prior to finishing. Cut ends, holes, notches etc should be treated with a spray on or brush on supplementary preservative. Nail holes should be stopped with an exterior grade wood filler. All surfaces, ends and joints should be primed prior to assembly with a quality, solvent based alkyd primer. When the primer has dried in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations, apply two full coats of premium 100% acrylic exterior topcoat in accordance with manufacturers recommendations. Timber Queensland Limited ACN 092 686 756 | ABN 50 092 686 756 500 Brunswick Street, Fortitude Valley Brisbane Queensland 4006 Phone (07) 3254 1989 Fax (07) 3358 7999 PO Box 2014, Fortitude Valley BC Qld 4006 [email protected] www.timberqueensland.com.au Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of advice given, Timber Queensland Limited cannot accept liability for loss or damage arising from the use of the information supplied. ©TIMBER QUEENSLAND LIMITED TECHNICAL DATA SHEET 23 TIMBER HANDRAILS & BALUSTRADES Revised March 2014 Page 5
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