Melancthon I Wind Power Project, Post Construction Wildlife

Transcription

MELANCTHON I WIND PLANT
POST-CONSTRUCTION BIRD AND
BAT MONITORING REPORT: 2007
File No. 160960220
Prepared for:
Canadian Hydro Developers, Inc.
34 Harvard Road
Guelph, ON N1G 4V8
Prepared by:
Stantec Consulting Ltd.
361 Southgate Drive
Guelph ON N1G 3M5
June, 2008
POST-CONSTRUCTION BIRD AND BAT MONITORING REPORT: 2007
Executive Summary
The Melancthon I Wind Plant (the “Plant”), a wind plant located in the south-western portion of
Melancthon Township, Dufferin County and operated by Canadian Hydro Developers, Inc.
(“Canadian Hydro”), began commercial operation on March 4, 2006. The results of postconstruction monitoring in 2006 indicated that the operation of the Melancthon I Wind Plant
resulted in very low bird and bat mortality in 2006. A second year of the post-construction
monitoring program was undertaken in 2007, primarily to evaluate bird use and disturbance
effects in the study area.
Carcass searches for birds and bats were conducted at each of the 45 wind turbine generators
during both the spring and fall migration periods in 2007. Correction factors for scavenger
removal and searcher efficiency were measured and applied to obtain an estimate of actual
mortality for these periods.
The 2006 and 2007 post-construction bird and bat monitoring program has demonstrated that
direct mortality of bird and bats species is low at the Melancthon I Wind Plant. The 2007 avian
mortality rates at the Melancthon I Wind Plant were 0.4 birds per wind turbine during spring
migration and 1.0 bird per wind turbine during fall migration. The 2007 avian mortality rate (1.4
birds per turbine over a twelve-week period) is at the low end of the range observed at North
American facilities (summarized by Arnett et al. [2007]). Additionally, there was no direct
evidence of avoidance, no relationship of mortality to turbine lighting or distance from
woodlands, and demonstration of limited bird use in the blade sweep area.
During the spring migration period, direct mortality to bats was very low. The 2007 bat mortality
rates at the Melancthon I Wind Plant were 0.2 bats per wind turbine during spring and 4.2 bats
per wind turbine during fall. Bat fatalities were more common earlier in the fall migration period
in comparison to the latter stages of migration. The majority of the bat carcasses
(approximately 80%) were found in August. The results of the 2007 data for Melancthon I Wind
Plant yield a bat mortality rate (4.4 bats per wind turbine across the spring and fall migrations)
that is well below that of higher concern wind facilities in North America (summarized by Arnett
et al. [2007]).
There was no correlation between bat mortality rates and wind turbine lighting or the distance to
the nearest woodlot.
Thirty-two point counts in woodland and field habitat were surveyed in 2007. A t-test or one-way
ANOVA analysis was conducted to assess whether the differences in breeding bird density
between pre- and post-construction conditions were statistically significant. Post-construction
densities were also analyzed by distance from the closest wind turbine generator.
E.1
Executive Summary
June 2008
Population densities have remained generally consistent within the wind plant between the preconstruction and post-construction observations. Further, two grassland species thought to be
particularly sensitive to wind turbines (i.e., Bobolink and Savannah Sparrow) have increased in
density from the pre-construction data to the post-construction data. These increases may be
related to habitat changes, but nonetheless suggest that breeding bird density has not been
adversely affected by the construction and operation of the wind plant.
Finally, it is noted that the post-construction monitoring data support the level of potential effects
predicted in the Environmental Screening Report. Additionally, based upon two years of postconstruction monitoring, no significant unanticipated effects of the wind plant on birds or bats
have been observed.
E.2
cs w:\active\60960220\reports\2007 final report\2007 m1 post-construction monitoring report_final_2008-06-10.doc
Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................1.1
1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW.......................................................................................................1.1
1.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................1.2
2.0 METHODS ..........................................................................................................................2.1
2.1 MORTALITY MONITORING ...............................................................................................2.1
2.1.1
Scavenger Correction ..........................................................................................2.2
2.1.2
Searcher Efficiency ..............................................................................................2.3
2.2 USAGE MONITORING .......................................................................................................2.4
3.0 RESULTS ...........................................................................................................................3.7
3.1 DIRECT EFFECTS – MORTALITY.....................................................................................3.7
3.1.1
Scavenger Correction ..........................................................................................3.7
3.1.2
Searcher Efficiency Correction ............................................................................3.8
3.1.3
Percentage of Area Searched..............................................................................3.8
3.1.4
Direct Impacts – Bird Mortality .............................................................................3.8
3.1.5
Direct Impacts – Bat Mortality ............................................................................3.10
3.2 INDIRECT EFFECTS – BIRD USAGE .............................................................................3.11
3.2.1
Species Density .................................................................................................3.11
3.2.2
Height Analysis ..................................................................................................3.13
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
DISCUSSION......................................................................................................................4.1
DIRECT EFFECTS – BIRDS ..............................................................................................4.1
DIRECT EFFECTS – BATS................................................................................................4.2
INDIRECT EFFECTS – BIRD USAGE ...............................................................................4.2
5.0 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................5.1
6.0 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................6.1
i
i
Table of Contents
List of Appendices
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Figures
Tables
Direct Mortality Results
Breeding Bird Point Count Results
Breeding Bird Height Analysis Results
List of Figures
Appendix A
Figure 1.1 Location of Study Area
Figure 2.1 Point Count Locations
List of Tables
Appendix B
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
Table 3.4
Table 3.5
Table 3.6
Summary of Carcass Search Dates, Times, and Weather Conditions
Summary of Searcher Efficiency Trials
Point Count Station Details
Results of Spring and Fall Scavenger Trials
List of Bird and Bat Fatalities – Melancthon I Wind Plant Spring 2007
List of Bird and Bat Fatalities – Melancthon I Wind Plant Fall 2007
Melancthon I Wind Plant Bird Density per 10 ha in Field and Crop Habitat
Melancthon I Wind Plant Bird Density per 10 ha in Forest Habitat
Melancthon I Wind Plant Species Density per 10 ha in Forest Habitat by Distance
from Turbine
Table 3.7 Melancthon I Wind Plant Flight Height Observations
ii
1.0
Introduction
1.1
PROJECT OVERVIEW
The Melancthon I Wind Plant (the “Plant”), a wind plant located in the south-western portion of
Melancthon Township, Dufferin County and operated by Canadian Hydro Developers, Inc.
(“Canadian Hydro”), began commercial operation on March 4, 2006. The Plant is comprised of
45 General Electric 1.5 MW, model sle wind turbine generators strategically placed over
approximately 3,500 hectares in Melancthon Township (Figure 1.1, Appendix A).
A pre-construction monitoring program, consisting of baseline bird and bat studies, was
conducted within the Plant’s siting area in 2004. The results of these baseline studies (Stantec,
2005a; 2005b; 2005c), indicated that bats and most groups of birds were not expected to
experience any potential negative effects as a result of the Plant. The siting area is not in the
path of a major migratory flyway, nor does it contain any topographical or other physical
features that would concentrate birds or significantly elevate the wind turbine generators.
Additionally, as noted in the baseline studies, breeding grassland bird species are present in the
siting area. Grassland breeding birds were identified as being potentially affected through both
direct mortality from the wind turbines (particularly for those with aerial flight displays) and
behavioural disturbance (particularly in the form of avoidance of habitat in the vicinity of
operational turbines). Therefore, as noted in Section 8.4.2.1 of the Environmental Screening
Report (Stantec, 2005d), a commitment was made to monitor the presence of bird carcasses at
the base of the turbines for a period of one year after the turbines become operational.
In fulfillment of this commitment, Canadian Hydro retained Stantec Consulting Ltd. (“Stantec”) to
complete the one year post-construction monitoring works. This monitoring work was carried
out in 2006, following the commercial operation date of the wind plant. The results of this
monitoring program indicated that the operation of the Melancthon I Wind Plant resulted in very
low bird and bat mortality in 2006 (Stantec, 2007).
As part of the 2006 post-construction monitoring works, and building upon discussions with
Environment Canada and Canadian Wildlife Service (“EC”), additional breeding bird point
counts were undertaken in woodlands and wetlands adjacent to the wind turbine generators to
supplement the 2004 pre-construction grassland bird baseline information. Although the Plant
was operational in March 2006, these point counts were considered pre-construction data as it
is recognized that disturbance effects to breeding birds may not become fully evident until the
second year of operation (Environment Canada, 2007b).
As noted in the 2006 post-construction monitoring report (Stantec, 2007), a key contributing
factor to Canadian Hydro adding a second year to the post-construction monitoring plan was to
further assess any potential disturbance effects.
1.1
Introduction
June 2008
1.2
STUDY OBJECTIVES
In February 2007, EC released the following two documents related to avian monitoring
protocols at wind plants:
•
“Wind Turbines and Birds: A Guidance Document for Environmental Assessment”
(Environment Canada, 2007a)
•
“Recommended Protocols for Monitoring Impacts of Wind Turbines on Birds”
(Environment Canada, 2007b).
Building upon these documents, the following objectives for the post-construction monitoring
program were identified:
•
to evaluate the predictions made during the Environmental Screening Process to allow
for improved predictions in the future
•
to determine whether any mitigation measures that had been proposed and
implemented were effective
•
to determine whether any significant unanticipated effects are occurring and, if so, to
identify any possible mitigation measures
•
to obtain quantitative information on the effects of the plant that can be used to
understand cumulative environmental effects more accurately
•
to inform future decisions about development or placement of wind turbine generators.
In meeting these objectives, two types of post-construction monitoring studies were
implemented, consistent with the EC guidance documents and plant-specific recommendations:
1.
2.
effects of wind turbine generators on bird usage in the siting area (i.e., disturbance
effects)
bird and bat collision rates with wind turbines (i.e., direct mortality).
The second year of the post construction monitoring program was undertaken in 2007 to
evaluate bird use of the study area. As noted above, this was a supplementary year of postconstruction monitoring data for birds and bats beyond the monitoring commitment Canadian
Hydro made in the Environmental Screening Report.
The monitoring protocols used in 2007 once again followed EC’s post-construction monitoring
recommendations (2007b). Environment Canada also provided comments specific to the
proposed 2007 post-construction work program for the Melancthon I Wind Plant. These were
received after the 2007 monitoring program had started (June 15, 2007) and thus integrated to
the extent practicable into the program following their receipt.
1.2
2.0
Methods
2.1
MORTALITY MONITORING
The following terms are utilized throughout this report:
•
fatality refers to an event resulting in a bird or bat death
•
carcass refers to the dead body of a bird or bat
•
mortality refers to the rate of death attributable to a certain cause, which in this case, is a
wind turbine generator(s).
Carcass searches for birds and bats were conducted at each of the 45 wind turbine generators
during both the spring and fall migration periods. During spring migration, carcass searches
were conducted at six-day intervals for a four week period; specific dates were May 10, 11, 16,
22, 28 and June 3, 2007. In the fall, carcass search frequency was increased based on the
results of the spring scavenger trials. Fall carcass searches were conducted at three- or fourday intervals for an eight week period; specific dates were August 2, 9, 13, 16, 20, 23, 24, 27,
30 and September 3, 6, 10, 13, 17, 20, 24, and 27, 2007. The fall carcass searches were
extended through the month of August to assess effects to early migrant bats. A complete
summary of survey dates, times, and weather conditions is provided in Table 2.1 (Appendix B).
The carcass search area at every wind turbine generator was standardized to facilitate the
application of correction factors. The carcass searches consisted of one surveyor covering a 35
m 1 radius area under each turbine, walking in concentric circles spaced at five metre intervals
and searching for bat and bird carcasses. If a bird or bat carcass was discovered the following
information was recorded:
1
•
date and time it was found
•
state of decomposition
•
estimated number of days since death
•
injury sustained (or best estimate if the carcass was in poor condition)
•
species (or best estimate if the carcass was in poor condition)
•
distance and direction from the nearest wind turbine generator
•
substrate where the carcass was found.
The 35 m radius search area was again employed in the 2007 fieldwork in order that the results could be directly
compared to the 2006 fieldwork, which also used a 35 m radius search area.
2.1
Methods
June 2008
Carcasses that were found in reasonable condition were collected for confirmation of species, if
necessary, or for later use in searcher efficiency trials.
Considering searcher efficiency and scavenger rates, it is likely that some bird and bat
carcasses are missed during the searches. Birds and bats that strike a moving wind turbine
blade may be flung away from the turbine search area, removed by scavengers, or carcasses
may be overlooked due to local conditions (e.g., tall grass). Therefore, information to calculate
various corrective factors for searcher efficiency and scavenger rates was also collected during
the field work.
There are numerous published and unpublished approaches to incorporating these corrective
factors into an overall assessment of total bird and bat mortality. Currently, EC recommends
the following correction formula (Environment Canada, 2008a):
C = c / (Se x Sc x Ps), where
C is the corrected number of bird or bat fatalities
c is the number of carcasses found
Se is the proportion of carcasses expected to be found by searchers (searcher efficiency)
Sc is the proportion of carcasses not removed by scavengers over the search period
Ps is the percent of the area searched.
Although not prescribed in any guideline, EC has indicated that most birds and bats will fall
within 50 m of the wind turbine generator base. This value was used to determine the percent
of area searched (Ps). Methods regarding scavenger removal and searcher efficiency trials are
discussed in Sections 2.1.1 and 2.1.2, respectively.
Mortality was compared between lit and unlit wind turbine generators to investigate any
correlation related to aviation safety lighting. The relationship between distance to woodlots and
mortality was also investigated.
Consistent with the recommendations of EC (2007b), this report also presents the raw data to
permit further calculations at a later date, or simple re-analysis should better statistical
techniques become available in the future.
2.1.1
Scavenger Correction
Scavenger trials are designed to correct for carcasses that are removed by predators before the
search period. These trials involve the distribution of carcasses in known locations at each wind
turbine generator, followed by periodic checking to determine the rate of removal.
2.2
Methods
June 2008
As recommended by Environment Canada (2006b), two dead, dark coloured chicks were placed
in two locations within a 35 m radius around each of the 45 wind turbine generators 2 . If there
was more than one substrate type (e.g., gravel, hay, crop, ploughed soil, etc.), the two chicks
were placed on different substrates. UTM coordinates were taken at each chick location and the
distance and direction from the wind turbine generator was measured. The location of each
chick was also drawn on a ‘turbine map’ with substrate compositions.
During the spring trial the chicks were placed on May 10 and 11, 2007 with their presence or
absence recorded at six-day intervals on May 16, 22, and 28. In the fall trial, carcass search
and scavenger trial intervals were increased based on the results of the spring scavenger trial.
Chicks were placed on August 9, 2007 and their presence or absence recorded at three- and
four-day intervals on August 13, 16, and 20, 2007.
Data from the scavenger trials were subsequently used to calculate the proportion of carcasses
expected to remain over the search period. The proportion of carcasses placed at the
beginning of each search period was compared to those remaining at the end. Separate
scavenger corrections were calculated for spring and fall. Proportions of carcasses remaining
after each 6-day interval were pooled for the spring, and each 3-day or 4-day interval for the fall,
to calculate the overall scavenger correction factors:
Sc =
nvisit1 + nvisit2 + nvisit3,, where
nvisit0 + nvisit1 + nvisit2
Sc is the proportion of carcasses not removed by scavengers over the search period
nvisit0 is the total number of carcasses placed
nvisit1 – nvisit3 are the numbers of carcasses remaining on visits 1 through 3
2.1.2
Searcher Efficiency
Searcher efficiency is designed to correct for carcasses that may be overlooked by surveyors
during the survey periods. It is noted that search efficiency will vary for each individual based
upon their own unique characteristics. Searcher efficiency trials involve a “tester” that places
bird and bat carcasses under wind turbine generators prior to the standard carcass searches to
test the searcher’s detection rate. Environment Canada (2007b) provides detailed
recommendations on determining searcher efficiency, expressed as a proportion of carcasses
expected to be found by individual searchers.
Three searchers conducted the 2007 carcass searches at the Melancthon I Wind Plant. For the
purposes of this report the searchers are referred to as DA, LE, and TO. Searcher efficiency
results for each searcher were pooled from both the Melancthon I site and a second wind power
project in southern Ontario, as the three searchers undertook the field work at both sites and
2
Wind turbine generator number T14 was omitted during the spring scavenger trials due to the on-site presence of
maintenance crews
2.3
Methods
June 2008
both study areas had similar land-use patterns and habitat features. The searcher efficiency
trials involved between 14-20 carcasses for each searcher, the majority of which were bats
(which are harder to detect than birds due to their physical size) (Table 2.2, Appendix B). Both
studies were completed in 2007.
The trials occurred randomly over the course of the carcass searches. Searchers were
unaware when they were being tested in order to provide a realistic representation of their
overall efficiency.
The “tester” placed carcasses of birds and/or bats within the 35 m radius search area at least
one hour prior to carcass searches. Typically one and occasionally two specimens per wind
turbine generator were placed at randomly selected turbines. For each specimen that was
placed, the species, time of placement, UTM coordinates, and substrates were recorded. The
UTM and species were used to distinguish fatalities from carcasses placed for the searcher
efficiency trials. Immediately following each testing event, the “tester” retrieved unfound
carcasses. If the carcass was absent, but had not been found during the carcass searches, it
was considered to be scavenged and was not included in searcher efficiency calculations.
Searcher efficiency (Se) was calculated for each searcher as follows:
Se =
2.2
number of test carcasses found
number of test carcasses placed
USAGE MONITORING
Pre-construction surveys included point counts during the 2004 and 2006 breeding bird seasons
to determine breeding bird density and provide a baseline for post-construction monitoring
comparisons (Stantec, 2005a). In 2004, seventeen point counts were conducted in hayfields
(planted in hay for later harvesting - 8 points), cropland (planted in row crops - 5 points), bare
fields (no crops planted - 2 points), pasture (grazed by cattle - 1 point), and meadow marsh (wet
area dominated by cattails - 1 point).
To complement the 2004 point counts, located primarily in agricultural habitats where the wind
turbine generators are located, 21 additional point counts were conducted in 2006. As
requested by EC, these additional point counts focused on the patches of forest and swamp
habitat within the wind plant area.
To ensure an appropriate weighting of habitat types, post-construction surveys conducted in
2007 entailed repeating 11 of 17 the point count locations surveyed in 2004 and all of those
surveyed in 2006, for a total of 32 point counts. The point count survey locations for 2007 are
illustrated in Figure 2.1 (Appendix A). Points were surveyed on June 12 and June 26, 2007.
Handheld GPS units were used to ensure the accuracy of the locations from year to year.
2.4
Methods
June 2008
As in the pre-construction monitoring, some of the natural communities were not wide enough to
accommodate a 100 m-radius circle as recommended by EC. In such cases, the point count
was located so the different habitats would evenly split the point count in two halves, to allow for
simpler density calculations. In addition, birds observed in each habitat were recorded
separately such that the density calculations could be made independently for both habitat types
within the same point count station. The habitat at each point count and the distance from each
station to the nearest wind turbine generator are detailed in Table 2.3 (Appendix B).
To allow comparison of standardized species density numbers, densities per 10 ha were
calculated for each point count. The average density for each species and for each species by
community was also calculated. All density calculations were corrected for point counts that
contained two different habitat types. The maximum single-day count of each species observed
at a point count station was used in the analysis, to avoid double counting of territorial birds
recorded on both counts. A t-test or one-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to assess
whether the differences between pre- and post-construction monitoring results are statistically
significant.
Post-construction results were also analyzed by distance from the closest wind turbine
generator. Species densities were calculated by habitat type for all point count stations located
≤150 m from a wind turbine generator and compared to densities calculated for point counts
located >150 m from a wind turbine generator. This distance was selected to obtain a sufficient
sample size for analysis, and was partly based on the results of Leddy et al. (1999) that
indicated disturbance effects on grassland breeding birds extend to at least 80 m from turbine
base. No point counts were located within 80 m of a turbine base.
Currently accepted survey protocols had not yet been developed by the agencies at the time of
the 2004 field season. As such, the protocols used during the 2004 field surveys differed
slightly from those in 2006 and 2007. For example, during the 2006 and 2007 point counts the
height of bird flight was recorded, whereas this was not included in the 2004 data. Four height
regimes corresponding to the approximate dimensions of the wind turbine generators were
used: on ground or below blade sweep (i.e., 0 to 35 m), at blade sweep (i.e., 35 to 125 m),
above blade sweep (i.e., 125 to 200 m), and well above blade sweep (i.e., over 200 m).
Additionally, the flight height analysis includes data from all 21 point counts surveyed in 2006
and 24 of the point counts completed in 2007.
2.5
Methods
June 2008
This page left blank intentionally.
2.6
3.0
Results
3.1
BACKGROUND
A review of recent avian mortality rates from 14 facilities across North America with modern
turbines was conducted by Arnett et al. (2007). Results from these facilities were based upon
standardized mortality monitoring using a systematic survey process for a minimum of one year
and incorporating scavenging and searcher efficiency bias corrections. These studies yielded
avian mortality rates ranging from 0.63 to 7.7 birds per wind turbine per year. At the two sites
located in the eastern U.S., the bird mortality rates ranged from 4.04 to 7.7 birds per wind
turbine.
Arnett et al. (2007) also summarized the bat mortality rates from 22 wind facilities in North
America where recent standardized mortality monitoring was conducted using a systematic
survey process for a minimum of one year and incorporating scavenging and searcher efficiency
corrections. The bat mortality rates ranged from 0.1 to 69.6 bats per wind turbine. Of the seven
sites located in the eastern U.S., the bat mortality rates ranged from 20.8 to 69.6 bats per wind
turbine.
Few studies are available that identify the indirect or disturbance effects of wind power on birds.
Leddy et al. (1999) determined that densities of breeding grassland birds were lower within 80
m of turbines in southwestern Minnesota, and other studies indicate that bird use is lower within
100 m of turbines than in areas further away (Arnett et al., 2007). A recent review of published
and unpublished studies concluded that the extent and significance of disturbance effects to
grassland birds are unknown but could range from zero to several hundred metres from a wind
turbine generator (Arnett et al., 2007).
3.2
DIRECT EFFECTS – MORTALITY
3.2.1
Scavenger Correction
The results of the spring and fall scavenger trials are summarized in Table 3.1 (Appendix B).
By pooling the spring’s 6-day search period results, the overall predicted proportion of
carcasses not removed by scavengers over the search period was calculated to be 37%.
By pooling the fall 3-day and 4-day search period results, the overall predicted proportion of
carcasses not removed by scavengers over the search period to be 61%.
3.7
Results
June 2008
3.2.2
Searcher Efficiency Correction
Individual searcher efficiency ranged from 50% to 87.5% (Table 2.2, Appendix B). The overall
searcher efficiency was subsequently calculated for the Melancthon I Wind Plant by weighting
the individual searcher efficiencies according to the proportion of wind turbine generators
surveyed by each individual over the course of the study. The overall searcher efficiencies for
the spring and fall were calculated as 67.0% and 71.6%, respectively.
3.2.3
Percentage of Area Searched
During the carcass searches, an area with a 35 m radius was searched around each wind
turbine generator. As noted above, EC has indicated that most birds and bats will fall within 50
m of the wind turbine generator base (Environment Canada, 2008b). This distance was used to
determine the percent of area searched (Ps). Accordingly, 49% of the area where the majority of
carcasses are expected to land was searched. This represents a conservative correction factor
as the relationship between density of carcasses and the distance from the wind turbine
generator base appears to be logarithmic (Jain et al, 2007). This relationship suggests that a
higher proportion of carcasses will be found in closer proximity to the wind turbine generator
base.
3.2.4
Direct Effects – Bird Mortality
Direct mortality to birds was found to be low in both spring and fall. Only two bird carcasses
were observed during the spring migration period. Correcting for searcher efficiency,
scavengers, and percent of area searched, these results would represent approximately 16 bird
fatalities for the entire wind plant or 0.4 bird fatalities per wind turbine during the course of the
spring survey. During the fall migration period, a total of 10 bird carcasses were observed.
When corrected for searcher efficiency, scavengers, and percent of area searched, these
results represent approximately 47 bird fatalities for the entire wind plant or 1.0 bird fatality per
turbine during the course of the fall survey.
One additional carcass was found outside the survey period. A Red-tailed Hawk carcass was
observed by maintenance crews on March 30, 2007. This record is included in the discussion
of mortality in Section 3.2.4.1, but could not be included in the calculation of overall mortality as
it was not observed as part of the controlled surveys.
Raw data collected on the bird carcasses is provided in Appendix C. Six bird species were
represented: Red-tailed Hawk, Red-eyed Vireo, Tree Swallow, Northern Rough-winged
Swallow, Grey-cheeked Thrush, Magnolia Warbler (Table 3.2 and Table 3.3, Appendix B). All
species have an Ontario General Status of “Secure” and are ranked as S5 (i.e., Secure—
Common, widespread, and abundant in the province), except for the single fatality of the Greycheeked Thrush which is ranked S3S4 (i.e., Vulnerable in Ontario due to a restricted range,
relatively few populations [often 80 or fewer], recent or widespread declines or other factors
making it vulnerable to extirpation).
3.8
Results
June 2008
During the fall migration period, fatalities of Tree Swallows were more common than any other
species, comprising 30% of the carcasses found. Correcting for searcher efficiency,
scavengers, and percent of area searched, the number of Tree Swallow carcasses found
represents approximately 14 fatalities for the entire wind plant, or 0.3 birds per wind turbine,
during the fall migration period. All of the Tree Swallow fatalities occurred between August 2
and 16, 2007 and were concentrated in the southwest corner of the wind plant area.
Four Red-tailed Hawk carcasses were observed during 2006 and 2007; one during the 2006
breeding season, one in March 2007 (observed by maintenance crews), one during spring 2007
and one in fall 2007. Based upon the carcass search results for 2006 and 2007, this equates to
approximately 0.02 Red-tailed Hawks per wind turbine in 2006 and 0.07 Red-tailed Hawks per
wind turbine in 2007. Three of the carcasses were adults and one was indeterminate, as the
full carcass was not present. The four Red-tailed Hawk fatalities are considered to represent
the actual mortality rate without correction factors, for the following reasons:
•
searcher efficiency rates are higher than average for larger birds
•
larger and heavier birds are more likely to land closer to the wind turbine generators
•
scavenger rates are lower for larger birds as they are harder for predators to carry
off. Two of the Red-tailed Hawks carcasses appeared to be several months old, one
of which had been visited by scavengers with large parts of the bird left behind.
The Red-tailed Hawk fatalities occurred at four different wind turbine generators (T2, T10, T37
and T45), distributed throughout the wind plant area. All four wind turbines were located in
agricultural fields, at various distances from woodlands (approximately 50, 210, 240, and 265
m). Due to the small number of fatalities it was not possible to test for statistical significance.
However, no clear relationship between mortality rate and distance to woodlands was observed.
3.2.4.1 Woodlands
Of the 12 bird carcasses observed during the 2007 study period, no wind turbine generator was
responsible for more than one fatality. The 12 wind turbines that had bird fatalities were
distributed throughout the wind plant area with no evident geographical pattern. An analysis
was conducted to look for a relationship between mortality rate and distance to a woodland.
Wind turbine generators were separated into three distance regimes from woodlands to facilitate
the analysis:
•
less than 50 m
•
50 m to 100 m
•
greater than 100 m
3.9
Results
June 2008
For turbines less than 50 m, between 50 and 100 m, and greater than 100 m from a woodland,
2007 mortality rates were calculated to be 0.38, 0.25, and 0.24 bird fatalities per wind turbine
generator, respectively. Due to the small number of fatalities it was not possible to test for
statistical significance. However, no clear relationship between mortality rate and distance to
woodlands was observed.
3.2.4.2 Aviation Safety Lights
Fifteen of the wind turbine generators at the Methancthon I Wind Plant have flashing red
aviation safety lights installed as per the requirements of Transport Canada – Aviation. When
comparing the bird mortality rates at wind turbines with and without aviation lights, no clear
relationship was observed. Specifically, five of the bird fatalities were observed at lit wind
turbine generators, or 0.33 bird fatalities per lit wind turbine, compared to 0.27 bird fatalities per
unlit wind turbine. No species or group of birds appeared to be more attracted to the lit turbines
versus the unlit wind turbines.
3.2.5
Direct Effects – Bat Mortality
During the spring migration period, direct mortality to bats was also very low. A single bat
carcass was observed during the four week monitoring program in the spring. Correcting for
searcher efficiency, scavengers, and percent of area searched, approximately eight bat fatalities
for the facility or 0.2 bat fatalities per wind turbine generator was estimated for the spring period.
In the fall bat mortality was found to be notably higher in comparison to the spring results. A
total of 40 bat carcasses were observed during the eight week monitoring program. When
corrected for searcher efficiency, scavengers, and percent search area approximately 187 bats
or 4.2 bat fatalities per wind turbine generator occurred during the peak fall migration period.
Bat fatalities were more common earlier in the fall migration period in comparison to the latter
stages of migration. The majority of the bat carcasses (approximately 80%) were found in
August. Only three bat carcasses were observed after the September 6, 2007 survey.
Raw data collected on the bat carcasses is provided in Appendix C. Four bat species were
represented: hoary, little brown, eastern red, and silver-haired bats (Table 3.2 and Table 3.3,
Appendix B). Hoary bats were the most common species found representing 48% of fatalities.
The next most common species was little brown bat representing 28% of fatalities. Eastern red
bat and silver-haired bat were found in smaller numbers (5% and 13% respectively). All species
have an Ontario General Status of “Secure” and are ranked either S5 (i.e., Secure—Common,
widespread, and abundant in the province) or S4 (i.e., Apparently Secure—Uncommon but not
rare).
3.10
Results
June 2008
3.2.5.1 Mortality Patterns
During the fall migration period, no bat fatalities were observed at 20 of the 45 wind turbine
generators. At the remaining wind turbines, one to two bat carcasses were generally found over
the course of the eight week study. Wind turbines T33 and T46 had three bat carcasses and
turbines T10 and T48 had four bat carcasses. Wind turbine locations are shown on Figure 2.1
(Appendix A). Overall, bat fatalities were disturbed throughout the wind plant area with no wind
turbine generators responsible for significantly higher mortality than the plant average.
3.2.5.2 Woodlands
An analysis was conducted to determine if a relationship existed between mortality rate and
distance to a woodland. As with the bird analysis, wind turbine generators were separated into
three distance regimes from woodlands. For turbines less than 50 m, between 50 and 100 m,
and greater than 100 m from a woodland, mortality rates were calculated to be 1.00, 0.75, and
0.91 bat fatalities per wind turbine, respectively. Due to the small number of fatalities it was not
possible to test for statistical significance. However, there was no strong relationship between
mortality rate and distance to woodlands.
3.2.5.3 Aviation Safety Lights
When comparing bat mortality rates at wind turbine generators with and without aviation safety
lights no clear relationship was observed. Nine of the bat fatalities were observed at lit wind
turbines, or 0.60 bat fatalities per lit wind turbine, compared to 32 bat fatalities, or 1.03 bat
fatalities per unlit wind turbine. All of the bat fatalities at lit wind turbines were either little brown
bats or hoary bats. However, given the small number of fatalities it is not possible to draw any
definitive conclusions.
3.3
INDIRECT EFFECTS – BIRD USAGE
3.3.1
Species Density
Fifty-two bird species were observed on point counts in 2007, 54 in 2006, and 75 in 2004. All
species have an Ontario General Status of either S5 (i.e., common, widespread, and abundant
in Ontario), S4 (i.e., uncommon but not rare, and apparently secure) or SE (i.e., exotic and not
considered a native part of Ontario’s fauna). A complete list of all birds observed and their
abundance for all point counts completed in 2007 is provided in Appendix D.
Across all three years (i.e., 2004, 2006, and 2007) most species were observed at densities of
less than 2 pairs/10 ha. During 2007 post construction monitoring Bobolink and Savannah
Sparrow were most common followed by Red-winged Blackbird with densities of 8.2, 7.2 and
3.2 pairs/10 ha, respectively, across all habitat types. Densities were calculated by habitat and
results compared for pre- (2004 and 2006) and post- (2007) construction monitoring. Due to a
small sample size, comparisons were not possible for point counts conducted in wetland habitat.
3.11
Results
June 2008
3.3.1.1 Field and Crop
The results of the field investigation during both pre- and post-construction monitoring estimate
that in comparing the different habitats, overall bird density was highest in field habitat and that
the wind plant area supports a diverse community of grassland birds. The most abundant
species recorded in field and crop habitat are listed in Table 3.4.
During all three years of monitoring the most commonly recorded species included Bobolink,
Savannah Sparrow, Red-winged Blackbird, and Song Sparrow. Densities of some species were
significantly higher in 2007 with the Bobolink, Savannah Sparrow, and Red-winged Blackbird
recorded at densities of 16.3, 13.4, and 3.4 pairs/10 ha, respectively. In 2006, densities of the
same three species were 3.8, 4.2, and 3.8 pairs/10 ha, respectively.
A one-way ANOVA analysis of the results indicated that the difference among 2004, 2006, and
2007 densities for Bobolink and Savannah Sparrow were statistically significant at a 90%
confidence interval with p values [p = probability] of 0.09 and 0.02, respectively. The average
Bobolink density in 2007 was somewhat influenced by a single high count of 21 at point count
A2, which likely reflects coverage of a colony of this species. The 2007 average Bobolink
density, excluding this point, was 14.2 pairs/10 ha compared to 3.8 pairs/10 ha in 2006.
The results for Red-winged Blackbird, American Goldfinch, Horned Lark, and Song Sparrow
were not statistically significant.
3.3.1.2 Forest
The most abundant species recorded in forest habitat are listed in Table 3.5. Red-eyed Vireo
was the most common species in both 2006 and 2007 with densities of 8.5 and 5.8 pairs/10 ha,
respectively. A t-test analysis of the results indicated that the difference between 2006 and
2007 densities of each species listed in Table 3.5 are not statistically significant at a 90%
confidence interval. (A t-test is mathematically identical to a one-way ANOVA but can only be
performed when there are two categories for comparison.)
3.3.1.3 Woodlands Relationship
An analysis was conducted to examine avian use of the study area in relation to distance from
wind turbine generator locations. Densities in forest habitat were calculated for postconstruction point counts that were located ≤150 m from a wind turbine and compared to those
located >150m from a wind turbine. The results for the most abundance species are listed in
Table 3.6.
Red-eyed Vireo was the most common species in both distance categories with a density of 6.4
pairs/ 10 ha on forest point counts ≤150 m from a turbine and 5.6 pairs/ 10 ha on forest point
counts >150m from a wind turbine. For all species, densities were within similar ranges for both
distance regimes. T-test analyses of the results indicated that the difference in density for each
3.12
Results
June 2008
species between point counts ≤150 and those >150m is not statistically significant at a 90%
confidence interval.
3.3.2
Height Analysis
In 2007, 39 of the 44 species (i.e., 89%) recorded at the 24 point count stations were only
observed below blade sweep height. Similarly, during the 2006 surveys 43 of 54 species (i.e.,
80%) were only observed below blade sweep height. Table 3.7 provides a summary of the
height observations of all birds observed during pre- and post- construction point counts that
were observed at blade sweep height. Table 3.7 also includes data for occurrences at blade
sweep, above blade sweep, and well above blade sweep heights. Full height analysis results
for 2007 are provided in Appendix E.
Based upon the data collected in 2006, 93% of all birds observed were on the ground or below
the height of blade sweep of the wind turbine generators. This number increased to 98% of all
bird observations in 2007. In 2006, six percent were observed at the height of the blade sweep
and one percent was observed above the blade sweep. In 2007, only two percent were at the
height of blade sweep and no birds were observed above the blade sweep.
No statistically significant differences were noted between 2006 and 2007 height observations.
During both years the vast majority of birds were observed below the height of wind turbine
blade sweep.
3.13
Results
June 2008
3.14
4.0
Discussion
4.1
DIRECT EFFECTS – BIRDS
The operation of the Melancthon I Wind Plant in 2007 resulted in little direct mortality to birds.
Mortality during the fall migration period was found to be slightly higher than that during the
spring migration. The 2007 avian mortality rates at the Melancthon I Wind Plant were 0.4 birds
per wind turbine during spring migration and 1.0 bird per wind turbine during fall migration.
A review of recent avian fatality rates from 14 facilities across North America with modern
turbines was conducted by Arnett et al. (2007). Results from these facilities were based upon
standardized mortality monitoring using a systematic survey process for a minimum of one year
and incorporating scavenging and searcher efficiency bias corrections. These studies yielded
fatality rates ranging from 0.63 to 7.7 birds per wind turbine per year. The 2007 avian mortality
rate at the Melancthon I Wind Plant (1.4 birds per turbine over a twelve-week period) is at the
low end of this range.
While still yielding a low overall mortality rate, during the fall migration period the mortality rate
of Tree Swallows was estimated to be higher than other species. It is theorized that Tree
Swallows may be at higher risk of collision with wind turbine generators during flocking
behaviour, which coincides with their early fall migration. Overall, the estimated number of Tree
Swallow mortalities is very low (i.e., 0.3 birds per turbine during the fall migration) and would
result in negligible effects at the local population scale.
A total of four Red-tailed Hawk fatalities were observed during 2006 and 2007. Based upon the
estimated date of collision, one Red-tailed Hawk (fresh specimen found on August 9, 2007) was
possibly a migrant passing through the wind plant area. The other three individuals, one in
2006 and two in 2007, were likely residents. Based upon the carcass search results for 2006
and 2007, this equates to approximately 0.02 Red-tailed Hawks per wind turbine in 2006 and
0.07 Red-tailed Hawks per wind turbine in 2007. However, due to low replacement rate, raptor
populations can be slow to recover from loss of adults.
Overall, the low number of bird fatalities observed over four weeks of spring migration and eight
weeks of fall migration demonstrate that there were no significant unanticipated bird mortality
events during the migration periods (such as multiple fatalities on a single night), locations (high
numbers of fatalities at a single turbine), at lit wind turbines (aviation safety lighting), or in areas
proximal to woodlands. Direct effects are consistent with those predicted in the Environmental
Screening Report (Stantec, 2005d).
4.1
Discussion
June 2008
4.2
DIRECT EFFECTS – BATS
The 2007 post-construction monitoring program for bats at the Melancthon I Wind Plant focused
on direct effects to bats during their fall migration period. The fall monitoring occurred in late
summer and early fall when bats are thought to be most at risk of turbine collisions. Johnson
(2004, as cited by Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 2006) indicated that over 90% of bat
fatalities at wind plants occur between mid-July and the end of September.
The 2007 results confirm that most of the bat mortality observed at the Melancthon I Wind Plant
occurred during the fall migration period in comparison to the spring migration (i.e.,
approximately 25 times higher than spring migration). However, the overall mortality rate of
bats at the Melancthon I Wind Plant was low in 2007 at 4.4 bats per wind turbine generator over
the twelve-week survey period.
Tree bats (i.e., hoary, silver-haired, and eastern red bats) that migrate long distances and do not
hibernate comprised approximately 65% the 2007 fatalities. This proportion is less than that
observed at other wind facilities in North America, where more than 80% of fatalities can be
comprised of species from this group (Johnson and Strickland, 2004; Ontario Ministry of Natural
Resources, 2006).
As with birds, bat mortality varies considerably by location in North America (US Government
Accountability Office, 2005). Wind turbines in forested landscapes, particularly those on
forested ridges such as high-profile sites in the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia, tend to
have significantly higher bat mortality rates than wind turbine generators placed in open country.
Arnett et al. (2007) summarized the results of bat fatalities from 22 wind facilities in North
American where recent standardized mortality monitoring was conducted using a systematic
survey process for a minimum of one year and incorporating scavenging and searcher efficiency
corrections. The fatality rates ranged from 0.1 to 69.6 bats per wind turbine. Of the seven sites
located in the eastern U.S., the fatality rates ranged from 20.8 to 69.6 bats per wind turbine.
The results of the 2007 data for Melancthon I Wind Plant yield a bat mortality rate (4.4 bats per
wind turbine across the spring and fall migrations) that is well below that of higher concern wind
facilities in North America.
There was no correlation between bat mortality rates and wind turbine lighting or the distance to
the nearest woodlot.
4.3
INDIRECT EFFECTS – BIRD USAGE
Point counts conducted in 2007 identified a suite of common birds using natural and agricultural
habitats in the wind plant area. No unusual species or densities were detected. There is no
evidence from the study results to indicate that forest or grassland birds are nesting in lower
densities in the wind plant area. In fact, densities of the two most common grassland bird
species observed in the wind plant area (i.e., Bobolink and Savannah Sparrow) significantly
increased in 2007 compared to 2004 and 2006. This result is likely influenced by two factors.
4.2
Discussion
June 2008
The 2007 average density of Bobolinks was influenced by a high count at a single point (Section
3.3.1.1). As well, habitat changed at some of the point count stations between 2004 and 2007.
Five of the 11 points surveyed in both 2004 and 2007 were identified as “crop” in 2004 and as
“hay” in 2007. One of the 21 points surveyed in both 2006 and 2007 was identified as “crop” in
2006 and as “hay” in 2007. These changes could result in more suitable habitat for grassland
bird species such as Bobolink and Savannah Sparrow in the “Field and Crop” habitat category.
No direct evidence of avoidance is evident based on the survey results. There was no
significant difference in the density of forest birds in woodlots within 50 m, between 50-100 m, or
more than 100 m from a wind turbine. There was no significant difference in the density of
grassland birds in fields and crops within 150 m or more than 150 m of a wind turbine. Results
of the height analysis indicate that very small numbers of birds are flying at turbine height.
4.3
Discussion
June 2008
4.4
5.0
Conclusions
The 2006 and 2007 post-construction bird and bat monitoring program has demonstrated that
direct mortality of bird and bats species is low at the Melancthon I Wind Plant. Additionally,
there is no direct evidence of avoidance, no relationship of mortality to turbine lighting or
distance from woodlands, and demonstration of limited bird use in the blade sweep area.
Population densities have remained generally consistent within the wind plant between the preconstruction and post-construction observations. Further, two grassland species thought to be
particularly sensitive to wind turbines (i.e., Bobolink and Savannah Sparrow) have increased in
density from the pre-construction data to the post-construction data. These increases may be
related to habitat changes, but nonetheless suggest that breeding bird density has not been
adversely affected by the construction and operation of the wind plant.
Finally, it is noted that the post-construction monitoring data support the level of potential effects
predicted in the Environmental Screening Report (Stantec, 2005). Additionally, based upon two
years of post-construction monitoring, no significant unanticipated effects of the wind plant have
been observed on birds or bats.
This report concludes the post-construction monitoring activities for the Melancthon I Wind
Plant. However, following commercial operation of the Melancthon II Wind Plant,
supplementary post-construction monitoring activities will be implemented to assess the
potential effects of the combined wind plant.
STANTEC CONSULTING LTD
Valerie Wyatt, M.Sc.,
Senior Project Manager
5.1
Conclusions
June 2008
5.2
6.0
References
Arnett, E. B., D. B. Inkley, D. H. Johnson, R. P. Larkin, S. Manes, A. M. Manville, J. R. Mason,
M. L. Morrison, M. D. Strickland, and R. Thresher. 2007. Impacts of wind energy facilities
on wildlife and wildlife habitat. Wildlife Society Technical Review 07-2. The Wildlife
Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Environment Canada. 2007a. Wind Turbines and Birds: A Guidance Document for
Environmental Assessment. Prepared by the Canadian Wildlife Service. Final Report,
February 2007.
Environment Canada. 2007b. Recommended Protocols for Monitoring Impacts of Wind Turbines
on Birds. Prepared by the Canadian Wildlife Service. Final Report, February 19, 2007.
Environment Canada. 2008a. Personal Communications (email) from Denise Fell,
Environmental Assessment Officer; Environment Canada to Mark Kozak, Stantec
Consulting Ltd.. January 8, 2008.
Environment Canada. 2008b. Personal Communications (email) from Charles Francis,
Environment Canada to Valerie Wyatt, Stantec Consulting Ltd.. January 29, 2008.
Jain, A., P. Kerlinger, R. Curry, and L. Slobodnik. 2007. Annual Report for the Maple Ridge
Wind Power Project. Post-construction Bird and Bat Fatality Study – 2006. June 25,
2007.
Johnson, G. D. 2004. A review of bat impacts at wind farms in the United States. Presented at:
Proceedings of the wind energy and birds/bats workshop: understanding and resolving
bird and bat impacts. Washington, DC. May 18-19, 2004. (Schwartz, ed.). Prepared by
RESOLVE, Inc., Washington, DC.
Johnson, G. D. and M. D. Strickland. 2004. An assessment of potential collision mortality of
migrating Indiana bats and Virginia big-eared bats traversing between caves. NedPower
Mount Storm Wind Project, Grant County, West Virginia. Western Ecosystems
Technology Inc., April 14, 2004.
Leddy, K. L., K. F. Higgins and D. E. Naugle. 1999. Effects of wind turbines on upland nesting
birds in Conservation Reserve Program grasslands. Wilson Bulletin 111(1): 100-104.
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2006. Wind turbines and bats: bat ecology background
information and literature review of impacts. December 2006. Fish and Wildlife Branch,
Wildlife Section. Lands and Waters Branch, Renewable Energy Section. Peterborough,
ON. 61 p.
6.1
References
June 2008
Stantec Consulting Ltd. 2005a. Spring Migration and Breeding Bird Report, Melancthon Grey
Wind Project. February, 2005. Prepared for: Canadian Hydro Developers, Inc.
Stantec Consulting Ltd. 2005b. Fall Migration and Bats Report, Melancthon Grey Wind Project.
February, 2005. Prepared for: Canadian Hydro Developers, Inc.
Stantec Consulting Ltd. 2005c. Winter Raptor Survey, Melancthon Grey Wind Project. February,
2005. Prepared for: Canadian Hydro Developers, Inc.
Stantec Consulting Ltd. 2005d. Melancthon Grey Wind Project Environmental Screening Report.
February, 2005. Prepared for: Canadian Hydro Developers, Inc.
Stantec Consulting Ltd. 2007. Melancthon I Wind Plant Post-construction Bird and Bat
Monitoring Report: 2006. March 2007.
United States Government Accountability Office. 2005. Wind Power: Impacts on Wildlife and
Government Responsibilities for Regulating Development and Protecting Wildlife. GAO05-906. (Available at www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-05-906.)
6.2
Appendix A
Figures
0
2.2
4.4km
W:\active\60960220\graphics\Corel\2008-02-19_Figures\60960220_03.cdr
1:220,000
SHELBURNE
Study Area
Boundary
Base Map Source: Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Ontario, 1979, Dufferin and Grey, Original Scale 1:100,000.
INDEX MAP OF
SOUTHERN ONTARIO
REVISION NO.
REVISION DATE
-
-
DESCRIPTION
REVISED BY:
-
-
Sudbury
NIPISSING
PROJECT NAME:
PARRY SOUND
Algonquin Park
MELANCTHON I WIND PROJECT
CLIENT NAME:
PRESCOTT &
RUSSELL
Ottawa
RENFREW
MUSKOKA
OTTAWACARLETON
HALIBURTON
DURHAM
DUFFERIN
YORK
WELLINGTON
HURON
DURHAM
HALTON
WATERLOO
WA
TERLOO
OXFORD
Sarnia
London
ELGIN
Detroit
Lake St. Clair
ESSEX
BRANT
NIAGARA
NORFOLK
HALDIMAND
KENT
LOCATION
OF DETAIL
CANADIAN HYDRO DEVELOPERS, INC.
DATE INITIATED:
FILENAME:
FEBRUARY, 2008
60960220_04.cdr
LE
VIL
N
FIGURE NO.
1.1
Kingston
NORTHUMBERLAND
Toronto
Hamilton
Niagara Falls
Buffalo
HAMILTON
WENTWORTH
MIDDLESEX
LAMBTON
S
ED
LE
R
G
&E
PEEL
METRO
TORO
TORONTO
PERTH
FRONTENAC
ON
GT
D IN
AD
VICTORIA
Lake
Simcoe
GREY
BRUCE
X&
NO
LEN
HASTINGS
PETERBOROUGH
SIMCOE
LANARK
S
DA
N
DU RY
T, AR
O NG
RN E
M GL
O
ST &
100 Kilometres
PROJECT
LOCATION AND
STUDY AREA
SCALE:
PROJECT NO.:
1:220,000
REV. NO.
SHEET NO.
0
1 OF 1
160960105
CHECKED BY: APPROVED:
NK
VW
DRAWN BY:
CEW
B7
B21
B8
B20
A4
B9
B19
A5
A3
A6
A2
B3
A7
51
A1
44
A8
B4
B18
A9
A11
B17
A10
B5
B11
B10
B12
B13
B14
15
B1
W:\active\60960220\graphics\Corel\2008_Figures\60960220_03.cdr
B6
B16
B15
B2
TURBINE LOCATIONS
AND POINT COUNT LOCATIONS
1 Turbine Locations
2006 Point Count Locations
2004 Point Count Locations
Melancthon I Wind Plant
Maintenance Shop/
Control Building
1.0
2.1
60960220_03.cdr
Appendix B
Tables
Appendix B - Tables
April 2008
Table 2.1
Survey
Date
10-May07
11-May07
16-May07
22-May07
28-May07
03-Jun07
02-Aug07
Start
End
Time
Time
Personnel
Weather*
Comments
Temp: 16 Wind: 2-3 Cloud:
100%
PRECIPITATION: none
10:30
7:15
Overnight Precipitation or fog:
TO/DA
AM
PM
rain
T14 was not
searched due
Temp: 21 Wind: 4 Cloud: 75%
PRECIPITATION: none Overnight
to turbine
12:55
3:35
TO
PM
PM
Precipitation or fog: none
maintenance
PRECIPITATION: light drizzle
10:20
4:50
TO/DA
AM
PM
rain storms
10:10
7:10
AM
PM
LE/DA
10:30
4:45
Precipitation or fog: rain
TO/LE
AM
PM
T17 was not
PRECIPITATION: none; but hazy
searched due
to turbine
9:00
3:40
TO/LE
none
maintenance
AM
PM
TO/LE
09-Aug07
TO/LE
13-Aug07
LE/DA
16-Aug07
LE/DA
20-Aug07
TO/LE
23-Aug07
LE
24-Aug08
TO
Temp: 28 Wind: 2-3 Cloud: 0%
PRECIPITATION: some rain/fog
heavy rain
Precipitation or fog: rain/fog
7:30
AM
4:38
PM
7:22
AM
8:17
PM
7:49
AM
3:41
PM
7:24
AM
3:59
PM
7:34
AM
2:41
PM
8:05
AM
2:51
PM
7:38
AM
12:18
PM
Searcher
efficiency
begins
T22 was not
searched due
to turbine
maintenance
References
June 2008
Table 2.1
Survey
Date
Start
End
Personnel
Weather*
Time
Time
Comments
27-Aug07
LE/DA
30-Aug07
TO/LE
03-Sep07
LE/DA
06-Sep07
TO/LE
10-Sep07
TO/LE
13-Sep07
LE/DA
17-Sep07
TO/LE
20-Sep07
TO/DA
24-Sep07
TO
27-Sep07
LE/DA
Precipitation or fog: fog
Precipitation or fog: rain
* Wind conditions expressed using Beaufort Scale:
0 – calm, <2km/hr
2 – light, 7-12 km/hr
1 – light, 2-6 km/hr
3 – moderate, 13-19 km/hr
** second surveyor unavailable for regularly-scheduled visit
4 – moderate, 20-30 km/hr
5 – fresh, 31-40 km/hr
7:49
AM
3:14
PM
8:14
AM
3:44
PM
8:35
AM
3:40
PM
8:19
AM
4:12
PM
8:45
AM
2:33
PM
8:06
AM
3:09
PM
8:36
AM
3:07
PM
8:38
AM
2:12
PM
8:37
AM
2:20
PM
9:15
AM
3:07
PM
T9, T45 & T50
were not
searched due
to turbine
maintenance
T19 & T20
were not
searched due
to turbine
maintenance
T9, T10, T11,
T12, T13, T14,
T15, T16, T17,
T27, T28, T29,
T31, T32, T33,
T34, T43, T44,
T47, T48, T50
and T51 were
not searched**
6 – strong, 41-51 km/hr
Appendix B - Tables
March 2008
Table 2.2
Searcher
DA
LE
TO
Table 2.3
Summary of Searcher Efficiency Trials
Bats Placed Bats Found Birds Placed Birds Found
18
9
2
1
14
12
2
2
13
8
1
1
Point Count Number*
Overall Found/Placed
10/20
14/16
9/14
Percentage
50.0
87.5
64.3
Habitat
Distance to Turbine**
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11a
A11b
Field
Field
Field
Field
Field
Crop
Crop
Field
Field
Field
Forest
Crop
301m
141m
167m
416m
179m
91m
202m
318m
480m
263m
354m
354m
B1a
B1b
B2a
B2b
B3
B4
B5a
B5b
B6
B7a
B7b
B8a
B8b
B9
B10a
B10b
B11a
B11b
B12
B13
B14
B15
B16
B17
B18
Field
Forest
Swamp
Field
Marsh
Swamp
Forest
Crop
Forest
Swamp
Crop
Swamp
Crop
Forest
Field
Forest
Marsh
Field
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Crop
Forest
151m
151m
793m
793m
220m
298m
168m
168m
135m
301m
301m
301m
301m
713m
104m
104m
163m
163m
278m
227m
148m
387m
483m
154m
149m
References
June 2008
Table 2.3
Point Count Number*
B19a
B19b
B20a
B20b
B21
Habitat
Distance to Turbine**
Forest
Crop
Forest
Crop
Forest
150m
150m
277m
277m
172m
* “A” points surveyed in 2004 and 2007. “B” points surveyed in 2006 and 2007.
**all measurements approximate
refer to Figure 2.1 for point count locations
Table 3.1
Results of Spring and Fall Scavenger Trials
Date
Search Period (days) Fraction remaining
16-May-07
5-6
31/88
22-May-07
6
13/31
28-May-07
6
5/13
49/132
Overall Spring Scavenger Rate
13-Aug-07
4
46/90
16-Aug-07
3
31/46
20-Aug-07
4
25/31
102/167
Overall Fall Scavenger Rate
Table 3.2
Percent remaining
35%
42%
38%
37%
51%
67%
81%
61%
List of Bird and Bat Fatalities – Melancthon I Wind Plant Spring 2007
Species
Red-tailed Hawk
Unknown Bird Sp.
Total Bird Fatalities
Little Brown Bat
Total Bat Fatalities
10- May
1
11-May
16-May
1
0
0
0
0
0
22-May
0
1
1
28-May
03-Jun
0
1
1
0
0
Totals
1
1
2
1
1
Appendix B - Tables
April 2008
Little Brown Bat
Silver-haired Bat
Eastern Red Bat
Hoary Bat
Unknown Bat Sp.
Total Bat Fatalities
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
4
1
8
0
0
0
1
2
3
6
0
0
0
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
1
1
6
2
2
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
10
1
1
11
5
2
19
3
2
40
3
3
Totals
27-Sep
24-Sep
20-Sep
17-Sep
13-Sep
10-Sep
6-Sep
3-Sep
30-Aug
27-Aug
24-Aug
23-Aug
20-Aug
16-Aug
13-Aug
Species
Red-tailed Hawk
Red-eyed Vireo
Tree Swallow
Northern Rough-winged Swallow
Grey-cheeked Thrush
Magnolia Warbler
Unknown Bird Sp.
Total Bird Fatalities
9-Aug
List of Bird and Bat Fatalities – Melancthon I Wind Plant Fall 2007
2-Aug
Table 3.3
Appendix C
Carcass Search Results
Appendix C1
Date
10-May-07
GPS Location
Zone
Easting
Turbine # Northing
2
17T 0553686
4878681
Observer
Species
ST
Red-tailed Hawk
11-May-07
No mortalities found
16-May-07
22-May-07
34
17T 0558520
4882727
45
17T 0553760
4880764
KD
28-May-07
03-Jun-07
Little brown bat
Condition/Estimated Time
Since Death
Only wind and leg present high level of decomposition.
Months since death
Injuries
Sustained
Distance and
Direction to Turbine
Ground Cover
Unknown
25m; southwest
Plowed soil
Some decomposition. 1-2
days since death.
Injury to head
and shoulder 5m; southwest
Bare soil
Specimen scavenged, only
feathers remained
Unknown
Bare soil
ST
Unknown
Page 1
2m; north
Appendix C2
Date
02-Aug-07
02-Aug-07
GPS Location
Zone
Easting
Turbine # Northing
17
556391
47
4884069
17
558119
17
4881046
Observer
Species
Since Death
Injuries
Sustained
Distance and
Ground Cover
J. Leslie
hoary bat
early decomposition / 1-3
days
unknown
25m; northwest 311°
gravel
J. Leslie
bat sp.
advanced decomposition / 12 weeks
unknown
8m; northwest 317°
gravel
J. Leslie
little brown bat
recent / previous night
wound to
back
4m; northwest
wheat
S. Tomlinson tree swallow
days
unknown
10m; southeast
gravel
S. Tomlinson hoary bat
days
unknown
14m; east
gravel
J. Leslie
little brown bat
unknown
25m; east 90°
pasture
J. Leslie
bird sp.
pile of feathers (scavenged) /
unknown
unknown
3m; southwest 245°
fallow
J. Leslie
red-tailed hawk
moderate decomposition / 35 days
unknown
5m; northwest 350°
gravel
northern roughS. Tomlinson winged swallow
feathers & head remain / 1+
week
unknown
15m south
exposed soil
days
unknown
12m; northwest
gravel
K. Dance
hoary bat
unknown
9m; northwest 320°
wheat
K. Dance
tree swallow
days
unknown
7m; northwest 320°
gravel
K. Dance
hoary bat
days
unknown
11m; southwest 230°
barley (cut)
J. Leslie
hoary bat
days
unknown
15m ; northwest 305°
hay
J. Leslie
hoary bat
unknown
hay
J. Leslie
hoary bat
unknown
30m; southeast 120°
hay
J. Leslie
little brown bat
unknown
5m; northeast 10°
grass
J. Leslie
hoary bat
unknown
thick alfafla
J. Leslie
red bat
unknown
15m; northeast 25°
fallow
J. Leslie
hoary bat
days
8m; southwest 245°
pasture
J. Leslie
bat sp.
unknown
alfalfa - freshly cut
J. Leslie
bird sp.
part of wing remains / time
since death unknown
unknown
0.5m; southwest 190°
fallow
K. Dance
tree swallow
*(bird was banded)
fairly decomposed / 4+ days
unknown
fallow
J. Leslie
hoary bat
gravel
J. Leslie
hoary bat
days
unknown
lower half of
body missing eyes intact
GPS failure
02-Aug-07
11
02-Aug-07
6
02-Aug-07
3
09-Aug-07
48
09-Aug-07
17
09-Aug-07
10
09-Aug-07
26
09-Aug-07
19
13-Aug-07
21
13-Aug-07
7
13-Aug-07
46
16-Aug-07
10
16-Aug-07
10
16-Aug-07
10
16-Aug-07
12
16-Aug-07
16
16-Aug-07
17
16-Aug-07
48
16-Aug-07
35
16-Aug-07
34
16-Aug-07
4
20-Aug-07
31
20-Aug-07
15
17
553692
4879496
17
444849
4850124
17
556559
4883883
17
558114
4881058
17
558018
4879937
17
556188
4882486
17
557031
4880536
17
557101
4881218
17
555779
4879074
17
553810
4880488
17
558033
4879941
17
558036
4879968
17
557985
4879958
17
558263
4880524
17
558117
4880758
17
558106
4881040
17
556594
4883895
17
557385
4883236
17
558510
4882980
17
553297
4879046
17
557706
4879397
17
558116
4880213
Page 1
unknown
hay
Appendix C2
Date
20-Aug-07
20-Aug-07
20-Aug-07
20-Aug-07
GPS Location
Zone
Easting
Turbine # Northing
17
556581
48
4883869
17
556556
48
4883866
17
553785
46
4880487
17
557081
21
4881218
Observer
Species
Since Death
Injuries
Sustained
Distance and
Ground Cover
J. Leslie
hoary bat
unknown
15m; northeast 12°
pasture
J. Leslie
silver-haired bat
unknown
35m; northeast 60°
pasture
S. Tomlinson silver-haired bat
unknown
20m; east
hay (cut)
S. Tomlinson little brown bat
days
unknown
8m; east
gravel
23-Aug-07
No specimens found
24-Aug-08
7
17
555755
4879101
27-Aug-07
27
GPS failure
J. Leslie
little brown bat
unknown
27-Aug-07
28
GPS failure
J. Leslie
silver-haired bat
lower half of
body missing 0.5m; north
27-Aug-07
10
J. Leslie
hoary bat
unknown
25m; west
hay
30-Aug-07
29
J. Leslie
little brown bat
days
unknown
25m; northeast
hay
30-Aug-07
33
J. Leslie
hoary bat
unknown
0m; south
on concrete
foundation of turbine
30-Aug-07
35
J. Leslie
bat sp.
unknown
13m; southeast
alfalfa
30-Aug-07
49
J. Leslie
red bat
days
7m; south
fallow
30-Aug-07
46
30-Aug-07
5
03-Sep-07
45
03-Sep-07
45
03-Sep-07
8
03-Sep-07
8
06-Sep-07
32
06-Sep-07
32
GPS failure
17
559415
4882050
17
558510
4882722
17
558511
4882724
17
556639
4883543
17
553787
4880524
17
553484
4879300
17
553751
4880777
17
553766
4880786
17
553766
4879310
17
555847
4879306
17
558598
4882525
17
558586
4882535
days
unknown
24m; south
wheat (harvested)
12m; northeast
fallow
back of head scavenged / ~2
days
unknown
34m; north
cut wheat
days
unknown
33m; southeast
gravel
K. Dance
hoary bat
flesh gone / 4+ days
unknown
6m; southeast 140°
grass
K. Dance
hoary bat
relatively fresh / 2+ days
unknown
19.5m; southwest 220° wheat field
K. Dance
red-eyed vireo
fresh / 1 day
head/neck
injury
2m; south 170°
fallow
K. Dance
hoary bat
fairly fresh / 2+ days
unknown
15m; west 260°
ploughed wheat
J. Leslie
little brown bat
days
run over by
vehicle
gravel
J. Leslie
little brown bat
days
unknown
gravel
days
unknown
11m; west
wheat
10-Sep-07
No specimens found
13-Sep-07
No specimens found
17-Sep-07
20-Sep-07
33
GPS failure
unknown
fallow
J. Leslie
silver-haired bat
No specimens found
Page 2
Appendix C2
Date
GPS Location
Zone
Easting
Turbine # Northing
Observer
Species
Since Death
Injuries
Sustained
Distance and
Ground Cover
4m; southwest
fallow
No specimens found
24-Sep-07
27-Sep-07
33
27-Sep-07
45
27-Sep-07
50
27-Sep-07
50
17
558516
4882719
17
553735
4880749
17
554734
4879706
17
554741
4879750
unknown
J. Leslie
little brown bat
K. Dance
gray-cheeked thrush fairly fresh / 2-3 days
broken neck
32m; east
wheat
K. Dance
silver-haired bat
unknown
27m; northeast
bare soil
K. Dance
magnolia warbler
relatively fresh / 2+ days
unknown
32m; northwest
bare soil
Page 3
Appendix D
Breeding Bird Point Count Results
COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Acadian Flycatcher
Empidonax virescens
Alder Flycatcher
Empidonax alnorum
American Bittern
Botaurus lentiginosus
American Black Duck
Anas rubripes
American Coot
Fulica americana
American Crow
Corvus brachyrhynchos
American Goldfinch
Carduelis tristis
American Kestrel
Falco sparverius
American Pipit
Anthus rubescens
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
American Tree Sparrow Spizella arborea
American Wigeon
Anas americana
American Woodcock
Scolopax minor
Bald Eagle
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Baltimore Oriole
Icterus galbula
Bank Swallow
Riparia riparia
Barn Owl
Tyto alba
Barn Swallow
Hirundo rustica
Barred Owl
Strix varia
Bay-breasted Warbler
Dendroica castanea
Belted Kingfisher
Ceryle alcyon
Black Tern
Chlidonias niger
Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia
Black-backed WoodpeckePicoides arcticus
Black-bellied Plover
Pluvialis squatarola
Black-billed Cuckoo
Coccyzus erythropthalmus
Blackburnian Warbler
Dendroica fusca
Black-capped Chickadee Poecile atricapilla
Black-crowned Night-HeroNycticorax nycticorax
Blackpoll Warbler
Dendroica striata
Black-throated Blue Warb Dendroica caerulescens
Black-throated Green WarDendroica virens
Blue Jay
Cyanocitta cristata
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
Polioptila caerulea
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
Blue-winged Teal
Anas discors
Blue-winged Warbler
Vermivora pinus
Bobolink
Dolichonyx oryzivorus
Bonaparte's Gull
Larus philadelphia
Boreal Chickadee
Poecile hudsonica
Brewer's Blackbird
Euphagus cyanocephalus
Broad-winged Hawk
Buteo platypterus
Brown Creeper
Certhia americana
Brown Thrasher
Toxostoma rufum
Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater
Bufflehead
Bucephala albeola
Canada Goose
Branta canadensis
Canada Warbler
Wilsonia canadensis
Cape May Warbler
Dendroica tigrina
Carolina Wren
Thryothorus ludovicianus
Caspian Tern
Sterna caspia
Cedar Waxwing
Bombycilla cedrorum
Cerulean Warbler
Dendroica cerulea
Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica
Chimney Swift
Chaetura pelagica
Chipping Sparrow
Spizella passerina
Clay-colored Sparrow
Spizella pallida
Cliff Swallow
Hirundo pyrrhonota
Common Goldeneye
Bucephala clangula
Common Grackle
Quiscalus quiscula
Common Loon
Gavia immer
Common Merganser
Mergus merganser
Common Moorhen
Gallinula chloropus
Common Nighthawk
Chordeiles minor
Common Raven
Corvus corax
Common Redpoll
Carduelis flammea
Common Tern
Sterna hirundo
Common Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas
Cooper's Hawk
Accipiter cooperii
Point B1a Point B1b Point B2a Point B2b Point B3
Field
Forest
Swamp
field
marsh
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
Point B4 Point B5a Point B5b Point B6
swamp
forest
crop
forest
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point B7a Point B7b Point B8a Point B8b Point B9 Point B10a Point B10b Point B11a Point B11b Point B12 Point B13 Point B14 Point B15 Point B16 Point B17 Point B18 Point B19a Point B19b Point B20a
Swamp
Crop
Swamp
Crop
Forest
Field
forest
Marsh
Field
forest
forest
forest
forest
forest
crop
forest
forest
crop
Forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Acadian Flycatcher
Empidonax virescens
Alder Flycatcher
Empidonax alnorum
American Bittern
Botaurus lentiginosus
American Black Duck
Anas rubripes
American Coot
Fulica americana
American Crow
Corvus brachyrhynchos
American Goldfinch
Carduelis tristis
American Kestrel
Falco sparverius
American Pipit
Anthus rubescens
American Redstart
Setophaga ruticilla
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
American Tree Sparrow Spizella arborea
American Wigeon
Anas americana
American Woodcock
Scolopax minor
Bald Eagle
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Baltimore Oriole
Icterus galbula
Bank Swallow
Riparia riparia
Barn Owl
Tyto alba
Barn Swallow
Hirundo rustica
Barred Owl
Strix varia
Bay-breasted Warbler
Dendroica castanea
Belted Kingfisher
Ceryle alcyon
Black Tern
Chlidonias niger
Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia
Black-backed WoodpeckePicoides arcticus
Black-bellied Plover
Pluvialis squatarola
Black-billed Cuckoo
Coccyzus erythropthalmus
Blackburnian Warbler
Dendroica fusca
Black-capped Chickadee Poecile atricapilla
Black-crowned Night-HeroNycticorax nycticorax
Blackpoll Warbler
Dendroica striata
Black-throated Blue Warb Dendroica caerulescens
Black-throated Green WarDendroica virens
Blue Jay
Cyanocitta cristata
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
Polioptila caerulea
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
Blue-winged Teal
Anas discors
Blue-winged Warbler
Vermivora pinus
Bobolink
Dolichonyx oryzivorus
Bonaparte's Gull
Larus philadelphia
Boreal Chickadee
Poecile hudsonica
Brewer's Blackbird
Euphagus cyanocephalus
Broad-winged Hawk
Buteo platypterus
Brown Creeper
Certhia americana
Brown Thrasher
Toxostoma rufum
Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater
Bufflehead
Bucephala albeola
Canada Goose
Branta canadensis
Canada Warbler
Wilsonia canadensis
Cape May Warbler
Dendroica tigrina
Carolina Wren
Thryothorus ludovicianus
Caspian Tern
Sterna caspia
Cedar Waxwing
Bombycilla cedrorum
Cerulean Warbler
Dendroica cerulea
Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica
Chimney Swift
Chaetura pelagica
Chipping Sparrow
Spizella passerina
Clay-colored Sparrow
Spizella pallida
Cliff Swallow
Hirundo pyrrhonota
Common Goldeneye
Bucephala clangula
Common Grackle
Quiscalus quiscula
Common Loon
Gavia immer
Common Merganser
Mergus merganser
Common Moorhen
Gallinula chloropus
Common Nighthawk
Chordeiles minor
Common Raven
Corvus corax
Common Redpoll
Carduelis flammea
Common Tern
Sterna hirundo
Common Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichas
Cooper's Hawk
Accipiter cooperii
Point B20b Point B21
Crop
forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A1
field
Point A2
field
Point A3
field
Point A4
field
Point A5
field
Point A6
Crop
Point A7
Crop
Point A8
field
Point A9
field
Point A10
Field
Point A11a
Forest
Point A11b
crop
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
avg/pt
1
28
25
1
23
4
2
1
1
7
9
82
9
8
2
6
15
21
12
0
0.03125
0
0
0
0.875
0.78125
0
0
0.03125
0.71875
0
0
0
0
0.125
0
0
0.0625
0
0
0
0
0.03125
0
0
0.03125
0
0.21875
0
0
0
0
0.28125
0
0
0
0
2.5625
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.28125
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.25
0
0.0625
0
0.1875
0
0.46875
0
0.65625
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.375
0
average density 10 ha
0
0.099522
0
0
0
2.786624
2.488057
0
0
0.099522
2.289013
0
0
0
0
0.398089
0
0
0.199045
0
0
0
0
0.099522
0
0
0.099522
0
0.696656
0
0
0
0
0.895701
0
0
0
0
8.160828
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.895701
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.796178
0
0.199045
0
0.597134
0
1.492834
0
2.089968
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.194268
0
COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
Double-crested CormoranPhalacrocorax auritus
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
Dunlin
Calidris alpina
Eastern Bluebird
Sialia sialis
Eastern Kingbird
Tyrannus tyrannus
Eastern Meadowlark
Sturnella magna
Eastern Phoebe
Sayornis phoebe
Eastern Screech-Owl
Megascops asio
Eastern Towhee
Pipilo erythrophthalmus
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Contopus virens
European Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
Evening Grosbeak
Coccothraustes vespertinus
Field Sparrow
Spizella pusilla
Forster's Tern
Sterna forsteri
Fox Sparrow
Passerella iliaca
Gadwall
Anas strepera
Glaucous Gull
Larus hyperboreus
Golden Eagle
Aquila chrysaetos
Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa
Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera
Grasshopper Sparrow
Ammodramus savannarum
Gray Catbird
Dumetella carolinensis
Gray Jay
Perisoreus canadensis
Gray Partridge
Perdix perdix
Gray-cheeked Thrush
Catharus minimus
Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus
Great Blue Heron
Ardea herodias
Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus
Great Egret
Ardea alba
Great Horned Owl
Bubo virginianus
Greater Scaup
Aythya marila
Greater Yellowlegs
Tringa melanoleuca
Green Heron
Butorides virescens
Green-winged Teal
Anas crecca
Hairy Woodpecker
Picoides villosus
Henslow's Sparrow
Ammodramus henslowii
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
Herring Gull
Larus argentatus
Hooded Merganser
Lophodytes cucullatus
Hooded Warbler
Wilsonia citrina
Horned Lark
Eremophila alpestris
House Finch
Carpodacus mexicanus
House Sparrow
Passer domesticus
House Wren
Troglodytes aedon
Indigo Bunting
Passerina cyanea
Killdeer
Charadrius vociferus
King Rail
Rallus elegans
Kirtland's Warbler
Dendroica kirtlandii
Lapland Longspur
Calcarius lapponicus
Least Bittern
Ixobrychus exilis
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
Lesser Scaup
Aythya affinis
Lesser Yellowlegs
Tringa flavipes
Lincoln's Sparrow
Melospiza lincolnii
Loggerhead Shrike
Lanius ludovicianus
Long-eared Owl
Asio otus
Louisiana Waterthrush
Seiurus motacilla
Magnolia Warbler
Dendroica magnolia
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
Marsh Wren
Cistothorus palustris
Merlin
Falco columbarius
Mourning Dove
Zenaida macroura
Mourning Warbler
Oporornis philadelphia
Mute Swan
Cygnus olor
Nashville Warbler
Vermivora ruficapilla
Northern Bobwhite
Colinus virginianus
Northern Cardinal
Cardinalis cardinalis
Northern Flicker
Colaptes auratus
Northern Goshawk
Accipiter gentilis
Northern Harrier
Circus cyaneus
Northern Mockingbird
Mimus polyglottos
Field
Forest
Swamp
field
marsh
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
swamp
forest
crop
forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Swamp
Crop
Swamp
Crop
Forest
Field
forest
Marsh
Field
forest
forest
forest
forest
forest
crop
forest
forest
crop
Forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
1
2
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Dark-eyed Junco
Junco hyemalis
Double-crested CormoranPhalacrocorax auritus
Downy Woodpecker
Picoides pubescens
Dunlin
Calidris alpina
Eastern Bluebird
Sialia sialis
Eastern Kingbird
Tyrannus tyrannus
Eastern Meadowlark
Sturnella magna
Eastern Phoebe
Sayornis phoebe
Eastern Screech-Owl
Megascops asio
Eastern Towhee
Pipilo erythrophthalmus
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Contopus virens
European Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
Evening Grosbeak
Coccothraustes vespertinus
Field Sparrow
Spizella pusilla
Forster's Tern
Sterna forsteri
Fox Sparrow
Passerella iliaca
Gadwall
Anas strepera
Glaucous Gull
Larus hyperboreus
Golden Eagle
Aquila chrysaetos
Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa
Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera
Grasshopper Sparrow
Ammodramus savannarum
Gray Catbird
Dumetella carolinensis
Gray Jay
Perisoreus canadensis
Gray Partridge
Perdix perdix
Gray-cheeked Thrush
Catharus minimus
Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus
Great Blue Heron
Ardea herodias
Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus
Great Egret
Ardea alba
Great Horned Owl
Bubo virginianus
Greater Scaup
Aythya marila
Greater Yellowlegs
Tringa melanoleuca
Green Heron
Butorides virescens
Green-winged Teal
Anas crecca
Hairy Woodpecker
Picoides villosus
Henslow's Sparrow
Ammodramus henslowii
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
Herring Gull
Larus argentatus
Hooded Merganser
Lophodytes cucullatus
Hooded Warbler
Wilsonia citrina
Horned Lark
Eremophila alpestris
House Finch
Carpodacus mexicanus
House Sparrow
Passer domesticus
House Wren
Troglodytes aedon
Indigo Bunting
Passerina cyanea
Killdeer
Charadrius vociferus
King Rail
Rallus elegans
Kirtland's Warbler
Dendroica kirtlandii
Lapland Longspur
Calcarius lapponicus
Least Bittern
Ixobrychus exilis
Least Flycatcher
Empidonax minimus
Lesser Scaup
Aythya affinis
Lesser Yellowlegs
Tringa flavipes
Lincoln's Sparrow
Melospiza lincolnii
Loggerhead Shrike
Lanius ludovicianus
Long-eared Owl
Asio otus
Louisiana Waterthrush
Seiurus motacilla
Magnolia Warbler
Dendroica magnolia
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
Marsh Wren
Cistothorus palustris
Merlin
Falco columbarius
Mourning Dove
Zenaida macroura
Mourning Warbler
Oporornis philadelphia
Mute Swan
Cygnus olor
Nashville Warbler
Vermivora ruficapilla
Northern Bobwhite
Colinus virginianus
Northern Cardinal
Cardinalis cardinalis
Northern Flicker
Colaptes auratus
Northern Goshawk
Accipiter gentilis
Northern Harrier
Circus cyaneus
Northern Mockingbird
Mimus polyglottos
Crop
forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A1
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A2
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A3
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A4
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A5
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A6
Crop
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A7
Crop
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A8
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A9
field
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A10
Field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A11a
Forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A11b
crop
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
avg/pt
1
3
3
12
17
3
3
7
4
7
11
5
1
3
1
2
0
0
0.03125
0
0
0.09375
0.09375
0
0
0
0.375
0.53125
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.09375
0
0
0
0
0
0.09375
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.21875
0
0.125
0.21875
0.34375
0.15625
0
0
0
0
0.03125
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.09375
0
0
0.03125
0
0
0.0625
0
0
0
0
0
0.099522
0
0
0.298567
0.298567
0
0
0
1.194268
1.691879
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.298567
0
0
0
0
0
0.298567
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.696656
0
0.398089
0.696656
1.094745
0.497611
0
0
0
0
0.099522
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.298567
0
0
0.099522
0
0
0.199045
0
0
0
COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Northern Parula
Parula americana
Northern Pintail
Anas acuta
Northern Rough-winged SStelgidopteryx serripennis
Northern Saw-whet Owl Aegolius acadicus
Northern Shoveler
Anas clypeata
Northern Shrike
Lanius excubitor
Northern Waterthrush
Seiurus noveboracensis
Olive-sided Flycatcher
Contopus borealis
Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celata
Orchard Oriole
Icterus spurius
Osprey
Pandion haliaetus
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
Palm Warbler
Dendroica palmarum
Peregrine Falcon
Falco peregrinus
Philadelphia Vireo
Vireo philadelphicus
Pied-billed Grebe
Podilymbus podiceps
Pileated Woodpecker
Dryocopus pileatus
Pine Grosbeak
Pinicola enucleator
Pine Siskin
Carduelis pinus
Pine Warbler
Dendroica pinus
Piping Plover
Charadrius melodus
Prairie Warbler
Dendroica discolor
Purple Finch
Carpodacus purpureus
Purple Martin
Progne subis
Red Crossbill
Loxia curvirostra
Red-bellied Woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus
Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator
Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
Redhead
Aythya americana
Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus
Red-shouldered Hawk
Buteo lineatus
Red-tailed Hawk
Buteo jamaicensis
Red-winged Blackbird
Agelaius phoeniceus
Ring-billed Gull
Larus delawarensis
Ring-necked Duck
Aythya collaris
Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus
Rock Pigeon
Columba livia
Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus
Rough-legged Hawk
Buteo lagopus
Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Regulus calendula
Ruby-throated Hummingb Archilochus colubris
Ruddy Duck
Oxyura jamaicensis
Ruffed Grouse
Bonasa umbellus
Rusty Blackbird
Euphagus carolinus
Sanderling
Calidris alba
Savannah Sparrow
Passerculus sandwichensis
Scarlet Tanager
Piranga olivacea
Sedge Wren
Cistothorus platensis
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Accipiter striatus
Short-eared Owl
Asio flammeus
Snow Bunting
Plectrophenax nivalis
Snow Goose
Chen caerulescens
Snowy Owl
Bubo scandiaca
Solitary Sandpiper
Tringa solitaria
Song Sparrow
Melospiza melodia
Sora
Porzana carolina
Spotted Sandpiper
Actitis macularia
Swainson's Thrush
Catharus ustulatus
Swamp Sparrow
Melospiza georgiana
Tennessee Warbler
Vermivora peregrina
Tree Swallow
Tachycineta bicolor
Tufted Titmouse
Baeolophus bicolor
Tundra Swan
Cygnus colombianus
Turkey Vulture
Cathartes aura
Upland Sandpiper
Bartramia longicauda
Veery
Catharus fuscescens
Vesper Sparrow
Pooecetes gramineus
Virginia Rail
Rallus limicola
Warbling Vireo
Vireo gilvus
Western Meadowlark
Sturnella neglecta
Whip-poor-will
Caprimulgus vociferus
Field
Forest
Swamp
field
marsh
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
3
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
swamp
forest
crop
forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Swamp
Crop
Swamp
Crop
Forest
Field
forest
Marsh
Field
forest
forest
forest
forest
forest
crop
forest
forest
crop
Forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
3
3
2
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
2
0
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Northern Parula
Parula americana
Northern Pintail
Anas acuta
Northern Rough-winged SStelgidopteryx serripennis
Northern Saw-whet Owl Aegolius acadicus
Northern Shoveler
Anas clypeata
Northern Shrike
Lanius excubitor
Northern Waterthrush
Seiurus noveboracensis
Olive-sided Flycatcher
Contopus borealis
Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celata
Orchard Oriole
Icterus spurius
Osprey
Pandion haliaetus
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
Palm Warbler
Dendroica palmarum
Peregrine Falcon
Falco peregrinus
Philadelphia Vireo
Vireo philadelphicus
Pied-billed Grebe
Podilymbus podiceps
Pileated Woodpecker
Dryocopus pileatus
Pine Grosbeak
Pinicola enucleator
Pine Siskin
Carduelis pinus
Pine Warbler
Dendroica pinus
Piping Plover
Charadrius melodus
Prairie Warbler
Dendroica discolor
Purple Finch
Carpodacus purpureus
Purple Martin
Progne subis
Red Crossbill
Loxia curvirostra
Red-bellied Woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus
Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator
Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis
Red-eyed Vireo
Vireo olivaceus
Redhead
Aythya americana
Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus
Red-shouldered Hawk
Buteo lineatus
Red-tailed Hawk
Buteo jamaicensis
Agelaius phoeniceus
Ring-billed Gull
Larus delawarensis
Ring-necked Duck
Aythya collaris
Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus
Rock Pigeon
Columba livia
Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus
Rough-legged Hawk
Buteo lagopus
Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Regulus calendula
Ruby-throated Hummingb Archilochus colubris
Ruddy Duck
Oxyura jamaicensis
Ruffed Grouse
Bonasa umbellus
Rusty Blackbird
Euphagus carolinus
Sanderling
Calidris alba
Savannah Sparrow
Passerculus sandwichensis
Scarlet Tanager
Piranga olivacea
Sedge Wren
Cistothorus platensis
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Accipiter striatus
Short-eared Owl
Asio flammeus
Snow Bunting
Plectrophenax nivalis
Snow Goose
Chen caerulescens
Snowy Owl
Bubo scandiaca
Solitary Sandpiper
Tringa solitaria
Song Sparrow
Melospiza melodia
Sora
Porzana carolina
Spotted Sandpiper
Actitis macularia
Swainson's Thrush
Catharus ustulatus
Swamp Sparrow
Melospiza georgiana
Tennessee Warbler
Vermivora peregrina
Tree Swallow
Tachycineta bicolor
Tufted Titmouse
Baeolophus bicolor
Tundra Swan
Cygnus colombianus
Turkey Vulture
Cathartes aura
Upland Sandpiper
Bartramia longicauda
Veery
Catharus fuscescens
Vesper Sparrow
Pooecetes gramineus
Virginia Rail
Rallus limicola
Warbling Vireo
Vireo gilvus
Western Meadowlark
Sturnella neglecta
Whip-poor-will
Caprimulgus vociferus
Crop
forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A1
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A2
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A3
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A4
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A5
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
Point A6
Crop
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A7
Crop
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A8
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A9
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A10
Field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A11a
Forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A11b
crop
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
avg/pt
5
1
24
32
1
72
31
5
4
3
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.15625
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.03125
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.75
0
0
0
0
1
0.03125
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.96875
0
0
0
0.15625
0
0.125
0
0
0
0
0.09375
0.03125
0
0.0625
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.497611
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.099522
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.388535
0
0
0
0
3.184713
0.099522
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.165605
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.085191
0
0
0
0.497611
0
0.398089
0
0
0
0
0.298567
0.099522
0
0.199045
0
0
COMMON NAME
White-breasted Nuthatch
White-crowned Sparrow
White-eyed Vireo
White-throated Sparrow
White-winged Crossbill
Wild Turkey
Willow Flycatcher
Wilson's Snipe
Wilson's Warbler
Winter Wren
Wood Duck
Wood Thrush
Yellow Rail
Yellow Warbler
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Yellow-breasted Chat
Yellow-headed Blackbird
Yellow-rumped Warbler
Yellow-throated Vireo
Field
Forest
Swamp
field
marsh
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Sitta carolinensis
Zonotrichia leucophrys
Vireo griseus
Zonotrichia albicollis
Loxia leucoptera
Meleagris gallopava
Empidonax traillii
Gallinago delicata
Wilsonia pusilla
Troglodytes troglodytes
Aix sponsa
Hylocichla mustelina
Coturnicops noveboracensis
Dendroica petechia
Empidonax flaviventris
Sphyrapicus varius
Coccyzus americanus
Icteria virens
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
Dendroica coronata
Vireo flavifrons
Notes: "A" points surveyed in 2004 and 2007. "B" points surveyed in 2006 and 2007.
swamp
forest
crop
forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Swamp
Crop
Swamp
Crop
Forest
Field
forest
Marsh
Field
forest
forest
forest
forest
forest
crop
forest
forest
crop
Forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
COMMON NAME
White-crowned Sparrow
White-eyed Vireo
White-winged Crossbill
Wild Turkey
Willow Flycatcher
Wilson's Snipe
Wilson's Warbler
Winter Wren
Wood Duck
Wood Thrush
Yellow Rail
Yellow Warbler
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Yellow-breasted Chat
Yellow-headed Blackbird
Yellow-rumped Warbler
Yellow-throated Vireo
Crop
forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Sitta carolinensis
Zonotrichia leucophrys
Vireo griseus
Zonotrichia albicollis
Loxia leucoptera
Meleagris gallopava
Empidonax traillii
Gallinago delicata
Wilsonia pusilla
Troglodytes troglodytes
Aix sponsa
Hylocichla mustelina
Coturnicops noveboracensis
Dendroica petechia
Empidonax flaviventris
Sphyrapicus varius
Coccyzus americanus
Icteria virens
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
Dendroica coronata
Vireo flavifrons
Point A1
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A2
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A3
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A4
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A5
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A6
Crop
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A7
Crop
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A8
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A9
field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A10
Field
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A11a
Forest
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Point A11b
crop
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
2
1
1
1
8
avg/pt
0.0625
0
0
0.03125
0
0
0.03125
0
0
0
0
0.03125
0
0.25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.199045
0
0
0.099522
0
0
0.099522
0
0
0
0
0.099522
0
0.796178
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Notes: "A" points surveyed in 2004 and 2007. "B" points su
(total/total # point counts)
total # of species
52
Appendix E
Breeding Bird Height Analysis Results
2007 Post-construction Monitoring
COMMON NAME
Bobolink
American Crow
Savannah Sparrow
Common Grackle
Red-eyed Vireo
Song Sparrow
American Goldfinch
American Robin
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Blue Jay
Common Yellowthroat
Indigo Bunting
House Wren
European Starling
Chipping Sparrow
Ovenbird
Yellow Warbler
Black-capped Chickadee
Brown-headed Cowbird
Cedar Waxwing
Baltimore Oriole
Northern Flicker
Ring-billed Gull
Great Crested Flycatcher
Horned Lark
House Sparrow
Warbling Vireo
Alder Flycatcher
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Eastern Kingbird
Gray Catbird
Killdeer
Mourning Dove
Veery
Eastern Meadowlark
Swamp Sparrow
Wood Thrush
Black-and-white Warbler
Least Flycatcher
Pine Warbler
Tree Swallow
Totals
Total
Observed
57
52
45
44
42
42
42
34
29
24
15
15
15
14
9
8
8
8
7
7
7
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
590
On Ground
or Below
Blade Sweep
Height
57
52
45
44
41
42
42
34
29
24
14
15
15
14
9
8
8
8
7
7
7
5
5
0
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
1
0
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
578
%
At Blade
Sweep
Height
100
100
100
100
98
100
100
100
100
100
93
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
33
0
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
98
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
Above
Blade
Sweep
Height
%
Well Above
Blade
Sweep
Height
%
2
7
100
67
100
2
0
0
%

Melancthon I Wind Power Project, Post Construction Wildlife

Transcription

Similar documents

Garden bird guide - Landcare Research

Species of the Day: Kitti`s Hog

dirty bird in use.pub

101 Things To Do Outside

DIGICON Data Sheet - AT Engine Controls

Bat Face Cuphea

WRJ Centennial Shabbat Celebration

Turbine Building--Tri-State Commerce Park

Ag-Rain Water-Reels

summer reading list 2015 - Rainbow Park Elementary School