FELLOWSHIP, Spring 2013 - Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship
Transcription
FELLOWSHIP, Spring 2013 - Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship
FELLOWSHIP Spring 2013 Inside FELLOWSHIPS Final WW-RBF Fellows Announced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Three Years Out: WW Teaching Fellows Inspire Kids, Tackle Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 New WW Teaching Fellowship Campaign: “I teach STEM because...” . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Fellows in Science Maria Luisa Crawford WF ’60. . 6 Ayana Arce CEF ’12 . . . . . . . . . 7 Kim J. Hopper CN ’86. . . . . . . . 8 The Newsletter of the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation “Always About Opportunity”: The Honorable Thomas H. Kean, Sr. on Education and the Nation’s Future T of State Condoleezza Rice: Education really is a matter of national security. homas H. Kean, Sr. has had an extraordinary career at the intersections of education and policy. The former New Jersey Governor (1982-1990) and Chair of the 9/11 Commission (2002-2004) began his career as a high school history teacher. From 1990 to 2005, he also served as President of Drew University. Long known as one of the nation’s “education governors,” Governor Kean concurs with others like President Barack Obama and former Secretary Photo: Courtesy of Thomas H. Kean “How we educate kids coming along is going to determine how strong we are as a nation. I think that’s incontrovertible,” he says. “It used to be good enough, when I was growing up, to have a high school education. It’s not anymore. The statistics show that those who get at least some college-level studies are going to … support their families better, and be more productive. Continued on page 10 Elissa Epel WH ’97 . . . . . . . . . . 9 BOOK SPOTLIGHT. . . . . . 12 David Berlinski WF ’63 King of Infinite Space: Euclid and His Elements Randy Alfred WF ’67 Mad Science: Einstein’s Fridge, Dewar’s Flask, Mach’s Speed, and 362 Other Inventions and Discoveries That Made Our World Stefan Sperling CN ’04 Reasons of Conscience: The Bioethics Debate in Germany NOTES ON FELLOWS. . . . 13 Mary Jo White WF ’70 Appointed SEC Chairman Sandra M. Faber WF ’66 Awarded National Medal of Science David Botstein WF ’63 Wins Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences Sharon Olds WF ’64: 2013 Pulitzer in Poetry Winner FOUNDATION UPDATES. . 14 WW to Launch New Website WW on Social Media At a gala dinner in June in New York City, the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation will award its Medal for Distinguished Service to Education to the Honorable Thomas H. Kean, Sr., and will present the Frank E. Taplin, Jr. Public Intellectual Award to Dr. Jeffrey D. Sachs. Writing the Future Jeffrey D. Sachs W hat does the future hold for the global economy? Will living standards rise worldwide, as today’s poor countries leapfrog technologies to catch up with richer countries? Or will prosperity slip through our fingers as greed and corruption lead us to deplete vital resources and degrade the natural environment on which human well-being depends? Humanity faces no greater challenge than to ensure a world of prosperity rather than a world that lies in ruins. admit), the future is a matter of human choice, not mere prediction. Despite the ongoing economic crisis in Europe and the United States, the developing world has sustained rapid economic growth. What is happening is both powerful and clear. Technologies that were once found only in rich countries now belong to the entire world. Mobile phone coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, has gone from nearly zero subscribers Photo: Courtesy of Ericsson.com 20 years ago to around 700 million today. And those phones are helpLike a novel with two possible endings, ing to bring banking, health care, education, business, ours is a story yet to be written in this new century. There government services, and entertainment to the poor. is nothing inevitable about the spread—or the collapse— Continued on page 11 of prosperity. More than we know (or perhaps care to MISSION The mission of the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation is to identify and develop leaders and institutions to meet the nation’s critical challenges. BOARD OF TRUSTEES 2012-13 Walter W. Buckley, Jr., Chair Buckley Muething Capital Management William Lilley III WF ’59 iMap Data Inc. George Campbell, Jr. Seiden Krieger Associates, Inc. Frank Lorenzo Savoy Capital, Inc. Christel Dehaan Christel House International Lauren Maddox The Podesta Group Jane Phillips Donaldson Phillips Oppenheim Nancy Weiss Malkiel WF ’65 Princeton University Carl Ferenbach III Berkshire Partners LLC Karen Osborne The Osborne Group Frederick L. A. Grauer WF ’69, Immediate Past Chair Barclays Global Investors/BlackRock (ret’d) Matthew Pittinsky Parchment, Inc. Jennifer Gruenberg Marx Realty & Improvement Co. (ret’d) Judith A. Rizzo The James B. Hunt, Jr. Institute for Educational Leadership and Policy N. Gerry House The Institute for Student Achievement Jeffrey L. Skelton Symphony Asset Management (ret’d) Thomas C. Hudnut Harvard-Westlake School Marvin J. Suomi KUD International LLC John Katzman Noodle Education, Inc. Luther Tai Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc. Shirley Strum Kenny WF ’56 Stony Brook University, State University of New York Jay P. Urwitz WilmerHale Carl F. Kohrt WF ’65 Battelle Memorial Institute (ret’d) George A. Weiss George Weiss Associates, Inc. Jan Krukowski Jan Krukowski & Co. Paul J. Weissman Centenium Advisors LLC Arthur Levine The Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation John C. Wilcox WF ’64 Sodali Ltd. Fellowship, the newsletter of the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation, is published semi-annually in spring and fall. Issues are also posted online at www.woodrow.org/newsletters. Email inquiries may be directed to [email protected]. The Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation Mail: P.O. Box 5281 • Princeton, NJ 08543 Location: 5 Vaughn Drive, Suite 300 • Princeton, NJ 08540 Phone: 609-452-7007 • Fax: 609-452-0066 http://www.woodrow.org Chair of the Board: Walter W. Buckley, Jr. T he Woodrow Wilson Foundation has long stood not only for excellence in education, but for the impact that educational excellence can have on every field of endeavor. Celebrating that core principle of excellence, this June the Foundation will present the Woodrow Wilson Medal for Distinguished Service to Education and the Frank E. Taplin, Jr. Public Intellectual Award to two extraordinary individuals: former New Jersey Governor Thomas H. Kean, who has been an educator, a policymaker, and a national leader; and economist Jeffrey Sachs, whose work weds sustainability with economic development and globalization. We’re privileged to bring you their perspectives in this issue of Fellowship. This issue also takes a look at Woodrow Wilson scientists. Although the earliest Woodrow Wilson Fellowships focused on preparing college professors in the liberal arts, the program grew, in the 1950s and 1960s, to encompass the whole of the arts and sciences. The original Woodrow Wilson Fellows include physicists, mathematicians, and cancer researchers as well as classicists, historians, and literary scholars; some of them are now Nobel Laureates. The Foundation’s current work in preparing math and science teachers—which complements the array of ongoing Woodrow Wilson fellowships in the humanities and social sciences—harks back to these earlier Woodrow Wilson scientists. In these pages you’ll meet scientists from a range of Woodrow Wilson programs: a Fellow who has studied some of the first moon rocks as well as some of Earth’s oldest mountains; one who is figuring out what lies beyond the Higgs boson; one for whom the newest frontier lies inside the brain; and one who is redefining care for the mentally ill. You can also sample new books by three Fellows on geometry, quirky inventions, and bioethics. Some of the students of today’s Woodrow Wilson Teaching Fellows, who are focused on the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math), may follow in these impressive footsteps. As the first Teaching Fellows round out their third year in the classroom, we’re happy to update you on their work, and on recent accomplishments by a number of Fellows from other Woodrow Wilson programs that continue to promote academic achievement across various disciplines. Across fields, across sectors, across levels of education, the Woodrow Wilson Foundation continues to stand for excellence, and to seek out and cultivate exceptional talent. We hope you share our pride in the range of endeavor that that commitment represents. Abbreviations Used In This Issue: CEF = Career Enhancement Fellow CN = Charlotte Newcombe Fellow DDCF = Doris Duke Conservation Fellow DS = Dissertation Fellow H = Honorary President: Arthur Levine MN = Mellon Fellow Executive Vice President/ Chief Operating Officer: Stephanie J. Hull SP = Spencer Fellow Fellowship Newsletter Staff: Andrea Miyares, writer Antoinette Marrero, writer Beverly Sanford, editor 2 Editor’s Note SPRING 2013 WH = Women’s Health Fellow WF = Woodrow Wilson Fellow WS = Women’s Studies Fellow Fellowship Final Cohort Announced in Woodrow Wilson-Rockefeller Brothers Fund Fellowships T he final cohort of Woodrow Wilson-Rockefeller Brothers Fund (WW-RBF) Aspiring Teachers of Color has been selected. Each of the nine WW-RBF Fellows will receive a $30,000 stipend to complete a master’s degree in education. Fellows prepare to teach in high-need public schools, receiving guidance toward teaching certification and ongoing support throughout a three-year teaching commitment. The Fellows have all excelled academically, and most also have volunteer mentoring and teaching experience, as well as a demonstrated commitment to teaching. They come from institutions ranging from the University of Southern Maine to Swarthmore and Wellesley Colleges to the University of Arizona and UC-Santa Barbara. (See full list of Fellows below.) The Fellows, selected through a competitive national process, must be nominated by one of the program’s 48 nominating institutions and 29 graduate education programs. The Fellowship is intended to help address a dearth of teachers of color nationally. Data from 2011 indicate that as few as 17 percent of the nation’s teachers are teachers of color, while the student of color population is now 45 percent nationally. The Woodrow Wilson Foundation has administered the WW-RBF program since 2009; it was established in 1992 by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund to recruit, support, and retain individuals of color as public education teachers and administrators. Since its inception, the Fellowship has awarded nearly $8 million in grants and financial assistance to more than 400 Fellows. “The WW-RBF Fellowship has been a powerful complement to the Foundation’s Woodrow Wilson Teaching Fellowships, which focus on math and science teaching,” said Stephanie J. Hull, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Woodrow Wilson Foundation. “We are proud to have helped provide strong new teachers across a wide range of disciplines for the students in high-need schools who most need them.” 2013 Woodrow Wilson-Rockefeller Brothers Fund (WW-RBF) Fellows Julio Alicea Bethlehem, PA Undergraduate college and major: Swarthmore College, Sociology and Anthropology David Flores Pasadena, CA Undergraduate college and major: University of California – Santa Barbara, History Brenda Angulo Fontana, CA Undergraduate college and major: University of California – Riverside, Liberal Studies Ruth Li Logan, UT Undergraduate college and major: Wellesley College, English Ayesha Crockett Louisville, KY Undergraduate college and major: The University of Chicago, Biological Sciences Melanya Materne Whidbey Island, WA Undergraduate college and major: University of Washington, English Abdoul Razak Mahamadou Boubacar Portland, ME (Niamey, Niger, West Africa) Undergraduate college and major: University of Southern Maine, Mathematics Natiely Munguia Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico Undergraduate college and major: University of Arizona, Political Science and Spanish Ricardo Quezada Fullerton, CA Undergraduate college and major: University of California – Santa Barbara, History of Public Policy Fellowship 3 Three Years Out: WW Teaching Fellows Inspire Kids, Tackle Challenges T he Woodrow Wilson Teaching Fellowships require Fellows to make a three-year commitment to teaching after they complete their master’s degree. For the very first Fellows, who were named in Indiana in May 2009 and who did their master’s work in 2009–10, June 2013 marks the end of their third year in the program. Forty-seven of those original 58 Fellows—more than 80 percent—are on the way to meeting their three-year commitment. They are the first to note that some days it’s a tough slog. For Georgia Watson, who teaches chemistry and ICP (integrated chemistry and physics), this year it’s been some issues with parents. For Dustin Hughes, a physics and algebra teacher, it’s the frustration of a changing policy landscape in which teachers have little say. They’re also quick to say that they love what they do. Having previously worked not only as a lab tech but also as a substitute teacher, “I knew there were challenges ahead,” says Ms. Watson. Still, she is well settled in her third year at Warren Central High School, a high-need public school in Warren Township, on the east side of Indianapolis. “I love the kids, I love my job, I love everybody I work with, I love the school. I’ve just had to stand firm on some things.” Georgia Watson greets students at the classroom door. Photo: Courtesy WFYI For Ms. Watson, the evolution of her teaching has been clear. She went into her first year with a good sense of classroom management, and so was able to focus much more on content than some new teachers. “In the second year I got more comfortable with the way the subject is defined in our curriculum. This year it’s time to focus on pedagogy. I have some flexibility with the standards now, because now I know how to work with some parts of the subject matter before other pieces.” Dustin Hughes had a rocky first-year transition in a placement that didn’t pan out (“I was notified that I would be teaching a welding class, among others, when I have never welded before,” he recalls), but is now thriving at Benton Central Junior/Senior High School in rural western Indiana. Even with his Fellowship preparation, Mr. Hughes says, “The first year was still a learning curve,” but his recent experience has been “much more comfortable.” 4 SPRING 2013 Dustin Hughes works with a student on a Rube Goldberg design project. Photo: Courtesy of Dustin Hughes Mr. Hughes—also a professional Ultimate Frisbee player for the Indianapolis AlleyCats—makes sure to take a sense of humor into the classroom with him. During this year’s pre-spring break lethargy, for instance, “I made up a funny example problem. Even though they were still doing the problem and taking notes, the class was a positive in their minds. I feel like a boring class is an unsuccessful class,” he adds. Ms. Watson emphasizes the importance of her relationships with her students. She still gets visits and notes from students who’ve graduated. “There’s one student I had as a first-year teacher—she was a sophomore at the time, so now she has graduated and is going to college. She wants to be a science teacher too, and says I inspired her. I still cry. It’s fantastic.” Another example: when Ms. Watson injured her foot recently, an autistic student volunteered to stand at the board for her. “I’m very proud of the relationship with this student, because I know that standing in front of a room full of people is not a strong point for an autistic child.” She adds, “Some students aren’t going to get an A or a B in chemistry, but they’ll try harder if they have a good relationship with you.” So committed to the power of strong relationships with students is she that Ms. Watson would eventually like to offer seminars for other teachers on how to connect better with students. Both Ms. Watson and Mr. Hughes feel the choice to teach has been a good one for them. “It’s the kids,” Ms. Watson says. “I don’t know if anybody else can go anywhere on their job and get as much love in an eight-hour day. Even the little tantrums are love.” Fellowship WW Teaching Fellowship: “I teach STEM because…” I n a new campaign for the Woodrow Wilson Teaching Fellowship, selected Fellows showcase their reasons for teaching science, technology, engineering, and math—the STEM disciplines—in highneed urban and rural high schools. Pictured below are Candice Kissinger, a chemistry and physics teacher at Tecumseh Junior High in Lafayette, Indiana; David Johnson, a math teacher at Lynhurst 7th & 8th Grade Center in Indianapolis, Indiana; Shawn Roberts, a chemistry and physics teacher at C.A.S.T.L.E. High School in Cleveland, Ohio; Steven Feutz, a math teacher at Godfrey Lee High School in Wyoming, Michigan; and Francis Winful, an algebra and geometry teacher at Cesar Chavez Academy High School in Detroit, Michigan. These five Fellows were also honored at center court when Michigan State and Ohio State played in the Big Ten Men’s Basketball Tournament on March 16. Their introduction by the game’s halftime announcer garnered a standing ovation and round of applause from the appreciative Big Ten audience, whose two universities also host Woodrow Wilson Teaching Fellows. Follow the Woodrow Wilson Teaching Fellowship on social media (see p. 14) for more photos and videos as they are released. Do you teach STEM or support STEM education? Feel free to submit your own photos and videos on what inspires you to support STEM education. Fellowship 5 F e l l o w s Mountains of Work Maria Luisa Crawford WF ’60 shapes a field I t’s easy to see a mountain as a monolith, solid and unchanging. But geologist Maria Luisa Crawford WF ’60 has spent an entire career studying the origin—and the ongoing evolution—of mountains. During her 40-year career, Dr. Crawford has conducted research on mountain ranges from southeast Pennsylvania—“where the mountains have been eroded down to the deep roots that once resided about 30 kilometers under the surface”—to Alaska— “where the mountain chain between Prince Rupert, British Columbia and Juneau, Alaska was constructed during the last 100 million years.” She focuses particularly on metamorphism, “the changes in rocks as they are heated and buried during the development of the mountain... and then return to the surface.” She also conducted research in Oslo, Norway on a Fulbright Scholarship. In 1993, she received a MacArthur Fellowship, the internationally known “genius grant.” Dr. Crawford’s interests, like the mountains she studies, have changed dramatically over time. For a time, she studied some of the first moon rocks that were brought to earth, and some of that early work is still cited in lunar studies. Soon enough, however, she decided that “I preferred to be investigating issues when I could see the rocks involved and their context personally.” Within the past decade, she has also been part of the ongoing effort to create GEON, a massive geoinformatics system that uses supercomputing to store and coordinate data across the earth sciences. As with most fields in science, technology has changed geology significantly, Dr. Crawford says. “My field has changed through advances in experiments on what rocks undergo as they are heated and compressed, advances in understanding the processes of plate tectonics and changes in data observed and deciphered by other geologists working in areas similar to the ones I study.” Some of the evolution in her field, however, have been less about technology and more about teamwork. “One of the changes for me,” she notes,“has been the greater collaboration among geoscientists with a variety of skills and expertise working on problems in one area.” One example: working with colleagues to determine how continental drift has caused metamorphism in the mountains she’s studied. 6 SPRING 2013 Awarded her Woodrow Wilson Fellowship in 1960 while at Bryn Mawr College, Dr. Crawford did her doctoral work at the University of California. One of few women in a male-dominated field, she was not intimidated. “Since I was at an undergraduate college that was mostly female students, I did not feel in any Photo: Courtesy of Maria Luisa Crawford way inhibited by the lack of role models once I progressed to graduate studies and professional work.” While there are more women in science today than when Dr. Crawford entered the field, the number of women in geoscience, she says, still remains small. “Geology may be more challenging than some fields due to the need for work in the outdoors, sometimes in very challenging circumstances. Also geology is one of the careers that seem to require more quantitative abilities and thus somehow results in being less attractive.” Engineering, she observes, likewise continues to attract a relatively low number of women. To assist women who are pursuing careers in geoscience, Dr. Crawford and her husband, also a noted geologist, have established the Crawford Field Camp Scholarship. Awarded through the Association of Women Geoscientists and the National Association of Geoscience Teachers, the scholarship helps offset field camp expenses for female geoscientists. “I am not sure that engaging student interest in science earlier is much of the answer, given that many of the issues that result in women not continuing into a career in science involve lifestyle choices that arise after the college years,” says Dr. Crawford of how to address the shortage of female scientists. Without children, she points out, “I had a different career track than many women colleagues…. Also I had a very supportive spouse with whom I shared much in my professional career. We were equals all along the way.” Continued on page 10 I n S c i e n c e Fellowship Infinitesimal Collisions, Fundamental Insights Ayana Arce CEF ’12 describes current work on the Higgs boson F or many non-scientists, the 2012 discovery of what might be the Higgs boson was mysterious enough. Since 1964, high-energy physicists had sought to prove the existence of this elementary particle that might give mass to other particles, but the general public was little aware of the drama of the search. The hypothetical boson’s unfortunate and misleading nickname—“the God particle”— only added to the confusion. So what could it mean to learn, as scientists at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland told the media in March 2013, that the vaunted new discovery might in fact not be the Higgs boson, but a Higgs boson, among other similar particles? particles and interactions would soon saturate some of the existing detectors and software. Her current work focuses on creating both new detectors and new ways of assessing what they will reveal. “These collisions [produced by LHC upgrades] will include processes that have never before been observed in a laboratory. By increasing the frequency of proton collisions we will have better chances of studying these rare events, which might include very massive new particles.” The daughter of a computer scientist and a professor of English and law—both on the Duke faculty—Dr. Arce was fascinated early on by the smallest components of matter. A writing assignment, she recalls, led her to particle Ayana Arce CEF ’12, an assistant physics. “In a high school math class, professor of physics at Duke Univerevery student had to do a written sity, works with the ATLAS detector report on the practical applications at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). of vectors, and somehow I ended The Higgs discovery, she explains, up reading and writing about poneither fully proves nor disproves larization vectors and quantum what’s called the Standard Model, electrodynamics. The fact that elecphysics’ basic but incomplete list of trons didn’t act like normal ‘stuff’ known types of matter and interfascinated me. Today, I mostly reactive forces. Alternative theories, Photo: SAO Science Media Group member the assignment because it such as supersymmetry, have been was the only research paper I ever proposed to encompass some phenomena—such as dark did for a math class, and because it led more than one matter—that the Standard Model can’t address. student in that class to her eventual scientific career.” “The issue is that because these theories must introEarly in her career, Dr. Arce has already participated duce new kinds of matter, the simplest Higgs mechain several projects designed to bring high-energy nism, in which one particle interacts with every kind physics to the public and to K-12 audiences, and of matter particle to generate its mass, doesn’t neceshas taken part in national panels on engaging more sarily work. To use the Higgs mechanism to explain women and people of color in scientific careers. “I particle masses, these kinds of theories must introfocus on the known ways to make careers in science duce new Higgs particles along with the extra matter more accessible to students who already think they particles they predict.” Hence, the recently confirmed might like it,” she says, rather than on trying to conHiggs boson may turn out to be one of many. vince those with other interests to consider science. Noting that physicists are very careful with language To make science careers more accessible, Dr. Arce when they present findings conservatively, she adds, adds, not only do reviewers, counselors, and teachers “The simplest answer is not always the final answer, need to cultivate talent without bias, but “we need to and nothing forbids distinct Higgs fields from giving take steps to reduce the obstacles that students face by mass to different particles, so we have started emvirtue of being different from the perceived norm. Studphasizing this fact by calling it ‘a Higgs boson.’ If we ies point to mentoring and role-models, as well as creatcan prove that this particle has the expected interacing networks for students, as useful tools for doing this.” tions with most of the known matter particles—and if See Dr. Arce in a video on the Large Hadron Collider at we don’t discover supersymmetry in the meantime— http://www.calacademy.org/sciencetoday/the-lhc/55327/ perhaps we will start saying ‘the Higgs boson’ again.” . She also explains fundamental particle interactions for Planned upgrades to the LHC, Dr. Arce says, will reAnnenberg Learner in a video at http://www.learner.org/ veal still more about the essence of matter—but the courses/physics/unit/text.html?unit=2. collider enhancements needed to produce different Fellowship 7 F e l l o w s A Saner Approach to Mental Illness Kim J. Hopper CN ’86 explores new models of care T We found, for the most part, that he biggest problem in menthere was no conversation going tal health is our tendency to on, so it managed to get a lot of compartmentalize mental illness— conversations started.” to separate people with mental illness from others and to separate Through this work Dr. Hopper mental illness from overall health. got involved in the recently funded “Mental illness almost invariably Parachute NYC program, which is a sidecar to some other discusseeks to change the way health sion, rather than a more general and social professionals respond discussion about what it means to young people in a mental health to think seriously about health in crisis, minimizing initial damage. a variety of departments,” says, Borrowing from a Scandinavian Dr. Kim J. Hopper CN ’86, medipublic psychiatry model of crisis cal anthropologist and professor response/respite, the Parachute of clinical sociomedical sciences program will offer a “soft landing” at the Mailman School of Public Photo: Christina Pratt instead of a traumatizing “hospitalHealth, Columbia University and ize/diagnose/medicate” response. co-director of the Center for the The first response will be to conStudy of Issues in Public Mental Health at the Nathan vene the family and other affected parties into working S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research. groups led by therapeutic teams. “[It] tends to hold back on the question of ‘Is this a mental illness and if so, Improving the quality of life for people with mental what’s its name?’ in favor of ‘What’s going on here and health issues, one of Dr. Hopper’s main concerns as how can this group be differently configured so that a medical anthropologist, necessitates collaboration everybody can live together?’” If the individual does from other institutional entities that do not see menneed to be extracted from the family setting, he or she tal health as part of their purview. In a recent project, receives a crisis respite placement in a non-hospital, Dr. Hopper and his colleagues reimagined all people non-medical setting, staffed by peers who have been with severe mental illnesses in New York City—rethrough similar ordeals. “It’s got more than its share of gardless of their living situation, whether with family, implementation difficulties,” says Dr. Hopper, “but it’s institutionalized, or on their own—as inhabiting their also got some really interesting implications.” own country, then applied Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach and the United Nations Human DevelopIt was during his work as a Newcombe Fellow that ment Index. The analysis showed that “they live at Dr. Hopper became interested in questions about roughly the level of a Moroccan peasant. Their life mental health care. “I was in philosophy of religion, expectancy can be as much as 20 years less than doing work on values and philosophy and trying to other folks. Their literacy rates are terrible and their figure out how they should apply to medical quanincome is set at a rate that essentially expects them daries in the clinical setting,” he recalls. “The more I to live for free every sixth day.” got into it, the more I realized that the values that we really should care about are ones that are built into So if the ability to pursue a life of one’s own is an index everyday assumptions about right and wrong, proper of recovery from mental illness, what would it take to and improper, good and not-so-good. That’s what I help these New Yorkers recover? “It takes not only a took to mental health, because it’s those assumptions great deal of work on individual agency, Sen’s engine about essentially what’s good enough for people with of development at the individual level,” Dr. Hopper mental illness that need challenging,” explains Dr. notes, “but it also means reworking the environment Hopper. “It’s about trying to find a better way of askso that the necessary resources are available to feed ing how we establish a floor beneath this question of that agency: education, jobs, and, of course, affordwhat suffices as adequate for a variety of quality of life able housing—resources which for this group are in issues for people who have this diagnosis or have seen restricted, and often qualified, settings. We argued that this diagnosis sometime in the past. My issues are still mental health could not do its job without the partall heavily driven by that concern.” nership and collaboration of these other institutions. 8 SPRING 2013 I n S c i e n c e Fellowship Minding Stress: “The Power of the Very Basics” Elissa Epel WH ’97 explores the biopsychology of chronic stress S tress is inevitable, but suffering—accelerated aging, weight gain, and other physiological fallout—may be optional, says Elissa Epel WH ’97. Dr. Epel, an associate professor in the University of California-San Francisco Department of Psychiatry, explores the effects of chronic stress and ways to alleviate them. “We can’t get rid of stress,” she says. “I’m studying how people cope and change over time. What do people who thrive do differently, and how are they different from people who become depressed?” Dr. Epel, director of UCSF’s Center on Obesity Assessment, Study, and Treatment (COAST) and a faculty member in the Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, notes that stress-activated hormonal responses both impair decisionmaking and lead to chronic physiological changes. She told an audience at a recent TEDx talk, “We have vastly overestimated our ability to control conscious behavior.” A classic example: Someone slightly depressed and sleepdeprived has less willpower to avoid grabbing that doughnut than he might think. The psychological and metabolic patterns that result from stress reactions can perpetuate themselves throughout a lifetime—and, in the case of pregnant women, throughout their unborn children’s lives. “The roots of resiliency start in utero,” Dr. Epel explains. “Maternal stress and depression can have long-term metabolic and neural effects on offspring, all the way to adult life.” These findings shape Dr. Epel’s current research on low-income mothers, who have high levels of stress, particularly food insecurity. People living with food insecurity often have to skip or skimp on meals, but are also prone to binge eating and obesity. Early findings suggest that, when these women are able to reduce stress, they gain less weight, and it looks as if their babies show more stress resiliency. “We can’t easily help them with the food insecurity,” Dr. Epel says, “but we can help these mothers be less self-critical, feel less stress, and make healthier, more creative food choices.” In another current project, Dr. Epel is studying parents of autistic children. “[Lack of] sleep is a common problem for parents of children with autism,” she observes, as is divorce. This work is leading to a new mindfulness-based program to reduce stress for the parents and for their children, autistic and otherwise. “These parents, sadly, are on a path of accelerated aging,” Dr. Epel says. “We can’t change their caregiving situations, but we can change the caregiver, the way they experience life and react to things that happen.” Science, she observes, is developing a “humbling” new understanding of the mind. “Cognitive neuroscience is revealing that, although our experience feels seamless— we think we see and understand everything—we actually have very limited perceptual abilities. We behave in a certain way that we’re not aware of and make up stories later, post hoc, to explain what we did. Given our limited ability to control our behavior, we need to shape our environment to support us better”—from resisting multitasking to restricting impulsive consumption. In the face of various controversies about efforts to regulate access to unhealthy behaviors, it is clear that, culturally, Americans still prize the individual right to make bad choices. “It’s a principle that makes sense theoretically,” Dr. Epel says, “but the data and the obesity epidemic point to the failure of personal responsibility. We have to realize that people will still make bad choices because they’re not in full conscious control of their behavior. Stress makes any of us more impulsive. We need more health and food policy based on a deeper understanding of the psychology of human behavior.” Photo: Susan Merrell She is encouraged that the public and business leaders are increasingly interested in improving wellness. “I live near Silicon Valley,” she says, “and the question for that culture is how to be more creative and innovative, and have greater wellbeing.” Though such initiatives as the recent Wisdom 2.0 conferences, she says, “There’s a movement starting in the heart of the Valley to bring more compassion and mindfulness to work. The motivation might start with improving business profits, but in the process they create a healthier, more compassionate culture.” While technology may improve culture, Dr. Epel notes, it can also create cognitive load by multitasking and reduce important social interactions and relationships. “We’re sickened by stress, and the backlash is good. Our society is going to rediscover the power of the very basics—social connection and self-knowledge— in helping people manage stress and achieve optimal performance. We are realizing how stress affects us in the workplace, making us sleep-deprived, with hostile edges and narrow thinking. We need to promote cultural change toward connection and compassion.” Look for Dr. Epel’s work on TED at http://blog.tedmed. com/?p=2130 and http://youtu.be/UhfXa6IaY5U . Fellowship 9 “Always About Opportunity” Continued from page 1 “We talk a lot these days about STEM—science, technology, engineering, and math,” he adds. “Those with STEM educations are going to contribute much to the national defense, science and math, and related businesses. In this connected world we live in, those who do better in education are going to be the leaders, and they’re going to be more prosperous. If we fall behind there, we’re going to fall behind in other ways.” Governor Kean is well acquainted with some disconnects between policymakers and educators. One of these is the cost of college quality versus the need for college access. At a national summit last year, he served on a panel with another former governor and two university presidents. The panelists reached an impasse, with the governors calling for affordability and the presidents arguing that the cost of sustaining quality keeps rising. “I certainly understand when college presidents emphasize quality at their institutions,” he says. “But the present model is unsustainable. You cannot charge students forty or fifty thousand dollars a year, not counting living expenses, to get a higher education. Most families simply can’t afford it. Most institutions don’t have the money to subsidize everybody. So to say that we have to have everybody get a higher education and then not to do anything about cost, and therefore access, makes no sense. Government has been subsidizing this for years, but they’re running out of the ability to do that. College costs are outstripping everything else. We’re not going to succeed as a country if we don’t do better.” This issue of college access, Governor Kean notes, requires much greater focus from colleges and universi- ties. “Leaders of higher education have two choices,” he says. “One is to get together and see the best possible way to keep quality but lower cost and increase access. That they can do cooperatively, and a number of people and institutions will help them. Or they can simply let the market work. If they let that happen, over the next 20 years you will see a number of institutions close their doors. And that again will deny access to students.” Of the alternatives, he says, “I’d certainly prefer finding creative solutions.” Not only must higher education partner more effectively with policymakers, he argues, it must also continue to collaborate actively with K-12 education, and vice versa. “Once, when I was governor, my commissioner of higher education said that campuses were having a problem because they had to remediate so much in early years of college, because high schools were doing a bad job. And the K-12 commissioner said, ‘That’s because you’re training lousy teachers.’ Those kinds of arguments back and forth are unproductive. Education is a continuum. Colleges and schools have to work together more productively. A lot of that’s happening now, especially with the better institutions, and that’s positive.” Given the current state of American education, what should the nation’s priorities be? “This country has always been about opportunity,” Governor Kean says. “The priority is to get schools working to create opportunity so that kids will have decent lives. Nothing is more important. “Our whole future as a country and a democracy depends on how well we do in education over the next fifty to sixty years.” Mountains of Work Continued from page 6 Dr. Crawford and her husband, William A. Crawford, are both Bryn Mawr professors emeriti. Having retired from teaching in 2006, she still serves as mineral curator for Bryn Mawr. She also works with school groups and assists undergraduates when needed. While Dr. Crawford no longer conducts field research, she often gives lectures about geological features and geological history when traveling. Next year, she’ll lead a group of Bryn Mawr alumnae/i to Iceland. “I continue trying to convey to all I meet how wonderful and complex Earth is and the many ways it influences our lives and how we influence it. This should be a part of everyone’s understanding.” Photo: Courtesy of Maria Luisa Crawford 10 SPRING 2013 Fellowship Writing the Future Continued from page 1 Yet there is another truth as well. Last year was the hottest ever recorded in the U.S. Droughts afflicted around 60% of U.S. counties, including the breadbasket states of the Midwest and the Great Plains. In October, an extraordinary “superstorm” smashed into the Atlantic coastline around New Jersey, causing losses of around $60 billion. Climate problems— floods, droughts, heat waves, extreme storms, massive forest fires, and more—also ravaged many other parts of the world in 2012. These environmental disasters are occurring with rising frequency, as they are partly caused by human actions, such as deforestation, coastal erosion, massive pollution, and, of course, the greenhouse-gas emissions that are changing the world’s climate and acidifying the oceans. What is new is that scourges like climate change—until recently described as a future threat—are now clear and present dangers. Scientists have even given a name to our era, the Anthropocene, in which humanity (“anthropos” in Greek) is having a large-scale impact on the planet’s ecosystems. Herein lies our great challenge—the one that will determine whether we follow the path of prosperity or ruin. If the world economy’s current growth patterns continue, we face ecological disaster. If the world economy embraces a new growth pattern—one that harnesses advanced technologies like smart phones, broadband, precision agriculture, and solar power— we can spread prosperity while saving the planet. So, what will it take to write the happy ending? First, we must recognize that we, as a global society, have a choice to make. On our current trajectory, shortterm prosperity is coming at the cost of too many future crises. Second, we must recognize the powerful new tools and technologies that we have at hand. Using advanced information technologies—computers, satellite mapping, image processing, expert systems, and more— we now have the means to grow more food with less environmental damage; improve public health for rich and poor alike; distribute more electricity with lower greenhouse-gas emissions; and make our cities more livable and healthier, even as urbanization raises their populations by billions in the coming decades. Third, we should set bold goals for the years ahead— to spread prosperity and improve public health while saving the planet. Sustainable development will be our generation’s test, encouraging us to use our creativity and human values to establish a path of sustainable well-being on our crowded and endangered planet. I am proud and honored that United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has asked me to help mobilize the world’s expertise as we seek to achieve that goal. The greatest talents in our societies—in universities, businesses, NGOs, and especially among the world’s young people—are ready to take on our greatest challenges, and are joining the U.N.’s new Sustainable Development Solutions Network. In the months and years ahead, these leaders will share their visions of a prosperous and sustainable global society. The Woodrow Wilson Awards Dinner honoring Governor Kean and Dr. Sachs will be held at the Harvard Club in mid-June 2013. For more information, email [email protected] or call 609-452-7007 x. 151. A longer version of this essay originally appeared on Project Syndicate on January 24, 2013. Fellowship 11 BOOK SPOTLIGHT King of Infinite Space: Euclid and His Elements David Berlinski WF ’63 Geometry defines the world around us, helping us make sense of everything from architecture to military science to fashion. And for over two thousand years, geometry has been equated with Euclid’s Elements, arguably the most influential book in the history of mathematics. In The King of Infinite Photo and summary Space, renowned mathematics © Basic Books. writer David Berlinski provides a concise homage to this elusive mathematician and his staggering achievements. Dr. Berlinski shows that, for centuries, scientists and thinkers from Copernicus to Newton to Einstein have relied on Euclid’s axiomatic system, a method of proof still taught in classrooms around the world. Euclid’s use of elemental logic—and the mathematical statements he and others built from it—have dramatically expanded the frontiers of human knowledge. David Berlinski holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University and has taught mathematics and philosophy at universities in the United States and France. The bestselling author of A Tour of the Calculus and Newton’s Gift, as well as many other books, he lives in Paris. Mad Science: Einstein’s Fridge, Dewar’s Flask, Mach’s Speed, and 362 Other Inventions and Discoveries That Made Our World Randy Alfred WF ’67, editor 365 days of inventions, discoveries, science, and technology, from the editors of Wired Magazine. On January 30, Rubik applied for a patent on his cube (1975). On the next day, 17 years earlier, the first U.S. Satellite passed through the Van Allen radiation belt. On March 17, the airplane “black box” made its maiden voyage (1953). And what about today? Every day of the year has a rich scientific Photo and summary and technological heritage just © Little, Brown. waiting to be uncovered, and Wired’s top-flight science-trivia book Mad Science collects them chronologically, from New Year’s Day to year’s end, showing just how entertaining, wonderful, bizarre, and relevant science can be. 12 SPRING 2013 In 2010, Wired’s popular “This Day in Tech” blog peaked with more than 700,000 page views each month, and one story in 2008 drew more than a million unique viewers. This book collects the most intriguing anecdotes from the blog’s run-one for each day of the year-and publish them in a package that will instantly appeal to hardcore techies and curious laypeople alike. Randy Alfred is Editor of “This Day in Tech.” He joined Wired.com as a copy editor in 2007. He also worked as senior news writer at Paul Allen’s Tech TV cable channel. He lives in San Francisco. Reasons of Conscience: The Bioethics Debate in Germany Stefan Sperling CN ’04 The implicit questions that inevitably underlie German bioethics are the same ones that have pervaded all of German public life for decades: How could the Holocaust have happened? And how can Germans make sure that it will never happen again? In Reasons of Photo and summary Conscience, Stefan Sperling © University of considers the bioethical deChicago Press. bates surrounding embryonic stem cell research in Germany at the turn of the twenty-first century, highlighting how the country’s ongoing struggle to come to terms with its past informs the decisions it makes today. Dr. Sperling brings the reader unmatched access to the offices of the German parliament to convey the role that morality and ethics play in contemporary Germany. He describes the separate and interactive workings of the two bodies assigned to shape German bioethics—the parliamentary Enquiry Commission on Law and Ethics in Modern Medicine and the executive branch’s National Ethics Council—tracing each institution’s genesis, projected image, and operations, and revealing that the content of bioethics cannot be separated from the workings of these institutions. Dr. Sperling then focuses his discussion around three core categories—transparency, conscience, and Germany itself—arguing that without fully considering these, we fail to understand German bioethics. He concludes with an assessment of German legislators and regulators’ attempts to incorporate criteria of ethical research into the German Stem Cell Law. Stefan Sperling has taught at Harvard University, Humboldt University of Berlin, and Deep Springs College in California. He lives in Stanford, California. Fellowship NOTES ON FELLOWS Mary Jo White WF ’70 Appointed SEC Chairman On April 10, Mary Jo White WF ’70 was sworn in as the 31st Chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Nominated to the position by President Barack Obama on February 7, Chairman White was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on April 8. kets,” said Chairman White. “Our markets are the envy of the world precisely because of the SEC’s work effectively regulating the markets, requiring comprehensive disclosure, and vigorously enforcing the securities laws.” A former federal prosecutor and securities lawyer, Chairman White specialized in prosecuting complex securities and financial institution frauds and international terrorism cases. In her first act as Chairman, at the first public meeting she led on the day she was sworn in, the SEC adopted new identity theft rules. Hear her opening remarks at http://1.usa.gov/16Py840. Chairman White has won numerous awards in recognition of her work both as a prosecutor and a securities lawyer, among them the George W. Bush Award for Excellence in Counterterrorism, the Sandra Day O’Connor Award for Distinction in Public Service, and the “Women of Power and Influence Award” given by the National Organization for Women. Chairman White was also a nominee for TIME’s 2013 list of 100 Most Influential People in the World. “It is an honor to lead the talented and dedicated SEC staff on behalf of America’s investors and mar- Photo: Courtesy of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Sandra M. Faber WF ’66 Awarded National Medal of Science On February 1, astronomer Sandra M. Faber WF ’66 H was presented with a 2011 National Science Medal by President Barack Obama. Dr. Faber, University Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of California, Santa Cruz, was awarded the medal for her “leadership in numerous path-breaking studies of extra-galactic astronomy and galaxy formation, and for oversight of the construction of important instruments, including the Keck telescopes.” She co-discovered the Faber-Jackson relation, which helps astronomers estimate the distance of galaxies, and was one of “the Seven Samurai,” a team of scientists who discovered an intergalactic gravitational anomaly known as the Great Attractor. “Not only do I like tangible things, big things, impressive things, but I’m also drawn to subjects about Photo: Ryan K Morris/National Science & Technology Medals Foundation which very little is known,” says Dr. Faber in a video about her work produced for the National Science & Technology Medals Foundation. Learn more/watch the video at http://bit.ly/Faber-Natl-Sci-Medal. AWARDS Photo: Frank Wojciechowski David Botstein WF ’63 was one of the 11 scientists awarded the first-ever Breakthrough Prizes in Life Sciences on February 20. At $3 million, the Breakthrough Prize is the largest academic prize to date for medicine and biology. A member of the Princeton University faculty since 2003, Dr. Botstein is Anthony B. Evnin ’62 Professor of Genomics and molecular biology and director of the LewisSigler Institute for Integrative Genomics. Dr. Botstein was selected for the award based on his extensive work with the human genome, including mapping disease markers. Sharon Olds WF ’64 was awarded the 2013 Pulitzer Prize in Poetry for her volume Stag’s Leap (Knopf, 2012). The author of twelve books of poetry, Dr. Olds has won several major awards including the National Book Photo: Catherine Mauger Critics Circle Award for The Dead and the Living (1983). Her first book, Satan Says (1980), received the inaugural San Francisco Poetry Center Award. Dr. Olds teaches in the Graduate Creative Writing Program at New York University. Five Woodrow Wilson Fellows Named 2013 AAAS Fellows: Section on Biological Sciences Elton T. Young WF ’62 H, University of Washington Section on Chemistry Dennis G. Peters WF ’58, Indiana University Section on Information, Computing & Communication Justine Cassell SP ’89, Carnegie Mellon University Section on Social, Economic and Political Sciences Howard E. Aldrich WF ’65 H, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Fellowship 13 NOTES ON FELLOWS RECENT PUBLICATIONS Katherine Bucknell CN ’84—editor, Liberation: Diaries, Volume Three: 1970-1983 by Christopher Isherwood (Harper/HarperCollins, 2012) Cristina Maria Cervone CN ’02—Poetics of the Incarnation: Middle English Writing and the Leap of Love (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013). William H. Chafe WF ’68 DS—Bill and Hillary: The Politics of the Personal (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2012) Michael P. Jeffries MN ’02—Paint the White House Black: Barack Obama and the Meaning of Race in America (Stanford University Press, 2013) The Foundation particularly thanks readers who responded in January to an electronic survey about the desirability and use of hard-copy versus digital newsletters. The results: Like readers of so many publications, respondents appreciated the ease and “green appeal” of digital versions, but still considered hard-copy convenient and thought it likelier to catch their attention. Fellowship continues to straddle the two formats as we mull over future issues. Look for our eblasts each time a new issue comes out, and note that each issue is posted on the WW website when your email notification arrives. If you are receiving a hard copy and would like to go paperless, email us at [email protected] to make sure you’re on our email list. Lynne Sharon Schwartz WF ’60—Two-Part Inventions (Counterpoint, 2012) Gary S. Schiff WF ’71 DS—In Search of Polin: Chasing Jewish Ghosts in Today’s Poland (Peter Lang Publishing, 2012) Graeme Starr WF ’68—CARRICK: Principles, Politics and Policy (Connor Court Publishing, 2012) Due to space limitations we cannot print the full list of recent Fellow accomplishments. A more complete list can be found on the Woodrow Wilson website at http://www.woodrow.org/about_fellows/news.php . FOUNDATION UPDATES WW to Launch New Website After several months of redevelopment and redesign, the Foundation anticipates launching a new website in June 2013. The new site will be reorganized for easier access to news and applications for each Fellowship, and to feature more resources on Fellows, including profiles, photos, and videos. The development process focused on consultation with both WW staff and a group of Fellows who vol- unteered to serve on a focus group, including Julie Empric WF ’74, Jill Carroll CN ’93, and Jill Cohen Williamson DDCF ’07; 2011 Pickering Fellows Bernardo Diaz and Kalisha Holmes; and 2012 Teaching Fellows Amerah Abed, Mary Jane Ewing, Pete Benson, and Rick Ostrowski. The Foundation very much appreciates these Fellows’ time and effort in the design process. WW on Social Media A new website unveiling; an exciting new marketing campaign for STEM education; Fellows in the national and local spotlights. Follow the Foundation and its programs on social media to on receive theseMedia and other updates and to let us and other Fellows know about your accomplishments. WW Social Where to Find Us: Facebook: Foundation: http://on.fb.me/WWFoundation Teaching Fellowships: http://on.fb.me/WoodrowWilsonTF Pickering: http://on.fb.me/PickeringWW YouTube: Foundation: www.youtube.com/ WoodrowWilsonFndn 14 SPRING 2013 Twitter: @WWFoundation @WoodrowWilsonTF @PickeringWW @NewcombeWW Google+ Teaching Fellowships: gplus.to/WoodrowWilsonTF Pickering: gplus.to/PickeringWW Pinterest: Teaching Fellowships: http://pinterest.com/woodrowwilsontf/ Instagram: Teaching Fellowships: http://instagram.com/woodrowwilsontf Fellowship Please join the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation in identifying and developing the best minds for the nation’s most important challenges. As we build on the Foundation’s legacy, your support is crucial. Visit www.woodrow.org/supportingww today to make a secure gift online, or complete this form and return with your gift. Please accept my gift of $___________ toward the Annual Fund. 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PLEASE SEND THIS PAGE WITH YOUR CONTRIBUTION TO: THE WOODROW WILSON NATIONAL FELLOWSHIP FOUNDATION P.O. BOX 5281 • PRINCETON, NJ 08543-5281 THANK YOU FOR YOUR CONTRIBUTION Fellowship 15 P.O. Box 5281 Princeton, NJ 08543-5281 NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION U.S. POSTAGE PAID PRINCETON, NJ PERMIT #315 Women’s Studies Fellowship to Return in Fall 2013 I n its 37-year history, the Woodrow Wilson Foundation has awarded over 500 Woodrow Wilson Doctoral Dissertation Fellowships in Women’s Studies. This program has made a significant contribution to the field, and the Foundation takes great pride in the Fellowship’s accomplishments. The Foundation is pleased to announce that the Women’s Studies Fellowship has been restructured and will continue for 2014, with the competition opening in fall 2013. The Women’s Studies Fellowship supports the final year of dissertation writing for Ph.D. candidates in the humanities and social sciences whose work addresses topics of women and gender in interdisciplinary and original ways. In the newly restructured program, each year’s ten Fellows will receive $5,000 to be used for expenses connected with completing their dissertations, such as research-related travel, data work/collection, and supplies. In addition, their dissertation titles will be publicized with leading scholarly publishers at the conclusion of the dissertation year. WW Women’s Studies Fellows pictured, top left to bottom left: Laurel Thatcher Ulrich WS ’78 (Photo: Courtesy of University of Utah Alumni Association); Brenda Dixon Gottschild WS ’79; and Reese Kelly WS ’09. The Foundation is grateful to all those who have expressed dedication to and support of this program over the past year. Please check www. woodrow.org or follow the Foundation on social media for updates. 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